The Queen Mary University of London (QMUL) Centre for the History of the Emotions Conference and the Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence for the History of Emotions (Europe, 1100–1800)(CHE) present: Fears and Angers: Historical and Contemporary Perspectives

Dates: 19–20 June 2017 Time: 9.00–17.30 Wine reception: 17.30–19.00 Venue: Arts Two Building, Mile End Campus, Queen Mary University of London Contact: [email protected] and [email protected]

MONDAY 19 JUNE 2017 9.00–9.30 Registration (Arts Two Foyer) 9.30–9.45 Welcome by Thomas Dixon (Arts Two Lecture Theatre) KEYNOTE PANEL: SCIENCES OF FEAR AND ANGER TODAY (ARTS TWO LECTURE THEATRE) CHAIR: THOMAS DIXON 9.45–11.15 SARAH GARFINKEL (University of Sussex), ‘Body Brain Interactions Underlying Fear and Anger’ W. GERROD PARROTT (Georgetown University), ‘Fears and Angers: Categorisations of Emotion’, JAMES RUSSELL (Boston College), ‘Alleged Universal Facial Expressions of Anger and Fear’ 11.15–11.45 Tea break (Arts Two Foyer) 11.45–13.15 Parallel Session 1A: Fear of the Dark, Parallel Session 1B: Fear and Anger in Parallel Session 1C: Emotional the Devil and Spirits in Early Modern Late-Medieval English Writing Languages and Grammars Europe CHAIR: Elena Carrera CHAIR: Mara-Daria Cojocaru CHAIR: David Lederer 3.16 Arts Two 3.20 Arts Two Arts Two Lecture Theatre

ABAIGÉAL WARFIELD, (The University PAUL MEGNA (The University of Western TANIA KOUTEVA (Heinrich-Heine of Adelaide), ‘“A Frightening New Australia (UWA)), ‘Striating Dread in University Düsseldorf and SOAS), Report”: The Use of Fear Appeal in Late-Medieval England’ ‘Fear and Anger Across Languages’. Sixteenth-Century Lutheran News CLARE DAVIDSON (UWA), ‘Tremulous MICHELINE LOUIS-COURVOISIER Reports’ Arousal and the Natural Physiology of Love’ (University of Geneva), ‘The Semantic EVELINE SZARKA, (University of Confusion of the Word Inquiétude in ANDREW LYNCH (UWA), ‘Pity, Anger, Zurich), ‘Alarming Signs. Spirits, Sins the Eighteenth Century: Between Vengeance: an Emotional Nexus in the and Sickness in Early Modern Internal Sensations in Movement Alliterative Morte Arthure and The Siege of Switzerland’ and Emotions’ Jerusalem’ CHARLOTTE-ROSE MILLAR, (UQ), SEYMA AFACAN (Max Planck ‘Fear of the Night, the Devil and the Institute for Human Development), Nightmare in Early Modern England’ ‘Of Ottoman Nerves Amidst Fear and Anger’

13.15–14.15 Lunch break (Arts Two Foyer) 14.15–15.45 Parallel Session 2A: Early Modern Parallel Session 2B: Nineteenth-Century Parallel Session 2C: Anxieties Religious Fears and Angers Theories and Practices of Emotion CHAIR: Paolo Gervasi CHAIR: Andrew Lynch CHAIR: Thomas Dixon 3.20 Arts Two Arts Two Lecture Theatre 3.16 Arts Two KIRK ESSARY, (UWA), ‘In Proximity to EDGAR GERRARD HUGHES, (QMUL), KIBRINA DAVEY, (Sheffield Hallam Despair: Varieties of Fear in Luther’s ‘Frenzy, Paroxysm and Rage in Victorian University), ‘”Silence that Dreadful 95 Theses’ Theories of the Grief’ Bell”: Hearing Anxiety in Shakespeare’s Othello’ JULIANE ENGELHARDT, (University of PAUL GIBBARD, (UWA) ‘Anger and Emile Copenhagen), ‘Fear, Anger and the Zola’s Theory of the Emotions in The CHRISTINE DORAN, (Charles Darwin Propagation of Pietism in the Danish Dream (1888)’ University), ‘Rage and Anxiety in the State in the Early Enlightenment’ Split between Freud and Jung’ TOMOKO NAKAGAWA, (University of the Sacred Heart), ‘Literary Representations of JULIA BOURKE, (QMUL) ‘Managing “Righteous Anger” in Mansfield Park and Terror in the Medieval Monastery’ Frankenstein’

15.45–16.15 Tea break 16.15–17.30 Parallel Session 3A: Philosophy of Parallel Session 3B: Gendered Anger Parallel Session 3C: Cinema Emotions CHAIR: Lyndsay Galpin CHAIR: TBC CHAIR: Paul Megna 3.16 Arts Two 3.20 Arts Two Arts Two Lecture Theatre CSABA OLAY, (Eötvös Loránd THOMAS DIXON (QMUL), ‘The Gender of JOY MCENTEE, (The University of University), ‘Heidegger on Affectivity: Anger in Victorian Science and Medicine’ Adelaide) ‘Transphobia and the Camp Attunement, Moods and Fear’ Psychiatrist in the Movies 1960–1992’ LAURA DE LA PARRA (Complutense MARA-DARIA COJOCARU, (Munich University of Madrid), ‘Remapping the IMKE RAJAMANI, (Max Planck School of Philsophy), ‘Anger Between Madwoman: Multiple Personality Disorder Institute for Human Development), Violent and Passionate Disagreement. or the Impossibility of an Alternative ‘Virtuous Anger and Middle-Class How Can We Deal With Anger in Femininity in Shirley Jackson’s Anxieties: The Emotional Politics of Situations of Moral and Political The Bird’s Nest’ the “Angry Young Man” in Popular Conflict from the Perspective of Indian Cinema’ Philosophical Pragmatism?’

18.00–19.00 Wine Reception with Musical Performance by Toby Nelms, Callum Goddard and Felix Cox (SCR, First Floor, Queen’s Building) 19.00 Conference Dinner (SCR, First Floor, Queen’s Building) TUESDAY 20 JUNE 2017 10.00–11.30 Parallel Session 4A: The Long Parallel Session 4B: Public Executions Parallel Session 4C: Medical Eighteenth Century CHAIR: Helen Stark Conditions and Treatments CHAIR: Ildiko Csengei 3.16 Arts Two CHAIR: TBC Arts Two Lecture Theatre 3.20 Arts Two STEPHEN CUMMINS (Max Planck FERNANDO GIL (National Distance DAVID SAUNDERS (QMUL), ‘The Institute for Human Development), Education University, Madrid), ‘The Emotions Tyranny of the Temporal Lobe: Fear, ‘Scruples of Conscience: Excessive of the Prisoners Condemned by the Spanish Anger and Epilepsy at the Guy’s- Fear of Sin in Seventeenth- and Inquisition: Fear, Anger and Madness in the Maudsley Neurosurgical Unit, Eighteenth-Century Italy’ Old Regime’ 1951–1968’ LINA MINOU (Independent CARLY OSBORN (by Skype) (The University of EVELIEN LEMMENS (QMUL), ‘”Demon Researcher), ‘“Good-Natured Choleric Adelaide), ‘The Relationship Between Fear of Dyspepsia”: Fear and Emotional People”: A Moral Debate of the and Anger in the Rhetoric and “Repertory of Indigestion in Britain (1850–1914)’ Eighteenth Century’ Actions” Repeated in Public Executions and HANNAH KERSHAW (London School of Mob Lynchings in Seventeenth-Century LAURA ROSENTHAl (University of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine), ‘Public France and England’ Maryland) “’Hell Hath No Fury”: Fear Health for an “Excessively Worried and Anger on the Eighteenth-Century DAPHNE ROZENBLATT (Max Planck Institute Public”: Instilling Caution While Stage’ for Human Development), ‘Joy in Terror: Quelling Fear Through AIDS Education Emotions in the Criminal Prosecution of for the Under 18s, 1983–1987’ Nineteenth-Century Political Violence’ 11.30–12.00 Tea Break (Arts Two Foyer) 12.00–13.00 Networking Session (Arts Two Foyer) Invitation Only Planning Meeting: Australian and UK Emotions Centres (Room 3.16, Arts Two) 13.00–14.00 Lunch (Arts Two Foyer) 14.00–15.30 Parallel Session 5A: Political Anger Parallel Session 5B: Twentieth- and Twenty First-Century Fears CHAIR: Mara-Daria Cojocaru CHAIR: Catherine-Rose Hailstone 3.20 Arts Two 3.16 Arts Two PAOLO GERVASI (QMUL) ‘Anger as BENJAMIN BLAND (Royal Holloway, University of London) ‘Angry and Afraid: White Misshapen Fear. Social and Political Genocide and the Emotional Drivers of Post-War British Fascism’ Caricature in Literature’ ANASTASIA STOURAITI (Goldsmiths, University of London) and Alexander Kazamias ILDIKO CSENGEI (University of (Coventry University), ‘“Patriots Beware!”: Fear and the Visual Culture of Anti- Huddersfield), ‘Coleridge’s Fears in Communism in Post-Civil War Greece’ Solitude and the French Invasion EMILY GIBBS (University of Liverpool) ‘Experiencing Terror, Fear and/or Anxiety: Scare in Britain’ Anxieties About Researching “Nuclear Anxiety”’ CATERINA ALBANO (Central Saint Martins, University of the Arts London), ‘“What is a Liquid?”’: a Critique of Fear’

15.30–16.00 Tea Break (Arts Two Foyer) ROUNDTABLE: FEARS AND ANGERS IN HISTORY AND SCIENCE (Arts Two Lecture Theatre) Chair: Elena Carrera (QMUL) 16.00–17.00 • Sarah Garfinkel (University of Sussex), Andrew Lynch (The University of Western Australia), W. Gerrod Parrott (Georgetown University), Daphne Rozenblatt (Max Planck Institute for Human Development) and James Russell (Boston College) END KEYNOTE PANEL: ‘Sciences of Fear and Anger Today’

‘Body Brain Interactions ‘Fears and Angers: ‘Alleged Universal Facial Underlying Fear and Anger’ Categorisations of Expressions of Anger and Fear’ SARAH GARFINKEL Emotion’ University of Sussex W. GERROD PARROTT JAMES A. RUSSELL Emotion is dynamically coupled to bodily Georgetown University Boston College arousal. This talk will detail how fear and The phrase ‘fears and angers’ highlights Occasionally, people get angry or anger states are shaped by interactions how categorisation accentuates scared. Observers can see it in their between brain and body. Cardiac signals to the differences between categories while faces – or so we think. The dominant brain intensify fear processing, as reflected by minimising differences within them. My theory among psychologists is that increased subjective intensity ratings and talk will consider how the categorisation human nature includes anger and fear greater fear signal in the amygdala. I will of emotions is addressed in some as basic emotions. Each such emotion outline these research findings for both normal contemporary theories of emotion, includes a pattern of physiological fear processing and the processing of fear in focusing on the categories of fear and change, a behavior (such as fight or clinical populations. Anxiety states are anger. The colourful symbol of this flight) and a facial signal that is associated with elevated fear states, increased conference is the emotion wheel that universally recognised. In the 1960s, fear signal in the amygdala and a heightened was proposed by psychologist Robert Ekman and colleagues trekked into the capacity for cardiac signals to elevate fear Plutchik in 1980. This scheme is one of highlands of Papua New Guinea and processing. Unlike fear, where fearful stimuli many that have been developed, either found evidence they claimed support produce a corresponding state in the perceiver, conceptually or empirically, to depict the this theory. In this talk, more recent responses to anger do not always mirror or similarities and differences among evidence is described that questions the match that emotional cue but can involve a emotions. A sampling of such schemes methods used previously and that found range of reactions. These effects will also be will reveal how psychological constructs weak or no recognition by members of outlined with reference to the presentation of such as basic emotion, social remote societies. subliminal anger cues with concurrent construction, discrete or dimensional autonomic and neural monitoring. I will offer representation and cognitive appraisal JAMES A. RUSSELL is a professor of further reflections on how fear and anger are psychology at Boston College. He has shape how emotions are depicted. I will modulated by individual differences and focused on the study of emotion throughout focus on hierarchical representations of dynamics in body and brain. his career. In this pursuit, he and his emotions to consider various types of colleagues have studied self-reported fear and anger and what binds each of experiences of emotion, facial expressions of emotion and emotion concepts, especially SARAH GARFINKEL is a senior research fellow at the them together. The findings suggest that as they develop during childhood. Rather Brighton and Sussex Medical School, University of the categories of fear and anger may than prefabricated, emotion episodes are Sussex. Before that she held a 5-year fellowship in encompass an even wider variety of constructed on the fly to suit immediate Psychiatry and Neuroscience at the University of emotional states than is generally circumstances. The upshot of this research Michigan. Her research centres on body-brain is a challenge to the traditional assumption interactions underlying emotion and cognition, with a acknowledged. that emotions divide into a small number of particular focus on how cardiac signals can influence natural kinds, such as fear and anger. fear and memory. Based in the departments of W. GERROD PARROTT is Professor of Instead, each emotion episode consists of Neuroscience and Psychiatry, she investigates how Psychology at Georgetown University. His multiple components such as core affect aberrant bodily and neural mechanisms can central research interest is the nature of (dimensions of pleasure and arousal), contribute to symptom maintenance in psychiatric human emotion, on which he has published appraisals (perceptual-cognitive evaluation conditions such as Anxiety, PTSD and Autism. She over 75 scholarly chapters and articles and four of current circumstances), attributions, and lectures in neuroscience at the University of Sussex books. He was editor of Cognition and Emotion goals and plans for behavior – all potentially and on emotion at the Brighton and Sussex Medical from 1995 to 1999 and President of the independent. His current project in remote School. She is an active contributor to the public International Society for Research on Emotions indigenous societies is to test the claim that engagement of science, appearing on BBC Radio 4, from 2008 to 2013. He is a Fellow of the certain facial expressions universally signal CNN and BBC 2. Association for Psychological Science and an International Partner Investigator with CHE. the emotions (results so far go against that claim).

ABSTRACTS:

‘Of Ottoman Nerves Amidst in another? More importantly what would Turkish lexicons, Kamus-ı Türki (1901) by Şemsettin Sami, the term asabi brings a Fear and Anger’ such differences tell us about the relations between fear and anger from a historical variety of feelings from müteessir olmak (to perspective? In pursuit of such questions, be saddened) and hiddete gelmek (to be SEYMA AFACAN exasperated) for example. As a start this Max Planck Institute for Human Development this paper intends to discuss the terms sinirli/asabi with respect to the relations paper seeks answers in the Medical Does the direct relationship between sinirli between fear and anger within the context Academy and anticipates a degree of (with nerves) / asabi (pertaining to nerves) of the medical modernisation in the late change in the relations between fear and and anger in modern as well as Ottoman Ottoman Empire. anger as reflected by medical literature on Turkish say something about cultural and the nervous system. From technological contextual specificities of emotional Tracing historical semantics of the concept analogies in medicine to spiritual reactions language while nervousness falls under of the ‘nerve’ (sinir / asb) in relation to to physiological determinism, it looks at the category of fear in standard emotion emotions in Ottoman Turkish is beyond the dynamic and changing relations between theories? Do nerves make us fearful in one scope of a single paper, given its long and fear and anger going beyond the grasp of context or historical time period and angry complicated trajectory. In one of the first any one-dimensional model. SEYMA AFACAN is a postdoctoral research fellow CATERINA ALBANO is a Reader in Visual Culture has acted as visiting lecturer in Modern History at the Centre for the History of Emotions at the and Science, and teaches and supervises at the University of Roehampton, teaching the Max Planck Institute for Human Development doctoral students at Central Saint Martens. She history of Germany from unification to the fall of and a DPhil student at the Wellcome Unit for the holds a PhD in Renaissance Studies (University the Third Reich. History of Medicine, University of Oxford. Seyma of London) and curates, lectures and publishes has submitted her dissertation entitled ‘Of the in the fields of art, cultural history and cultural Soul and Emotions: Theorizing the Ottoman theory, and theory of curating. She is the author Individual through Psychology (1869-1923)’. She of Memory, Forgetting and the Moving Image, is looking to pursue a career in the fields of the and Fear and Art in the Contemporary World, and ‘Managing Terror in the history of emotions and history of medicine. has published journal articles and essays on the history of emotion, memory and contemporary Medieval Monastery: Death art, anatomy and on curating. Anxiety and the Cultivation ‘This is a Liquid: A Critique of Fear in Twelfth- and of Fear’ ‘Angry and Afraid: White Thirteenth-Century Cistercian Monasticism’ CATERINA ALBANO Genocide and the Emotional Central Saint Martins, University of the Arts London Drivers of Post-War British JULIA BOURKE QMUL Wolfang Tillmans’ This is a Liquid is a Fascism’ photograph taken at Heathrow Airport of a In modern culture, fear is almost display cabinet showing the liquid BENJAMIN BLAND universally regarded as a ‘negative’ containers banned from aircrafts. Hinting to Royal Holloway, University of London emotion, something to be overcome or international anti-terrorism security conquered on the path to self-discovery. regulations, the picture is both The very presence of fascism in post-war For medieval monks, however– and inconspicuous and allusive to the abiding Britain, even on the fringes of the political particularly for the Cistercian order– fear deployment of fear as deterrent and landscape, may – at first – appear rather was considered a positive state, desirable defence. Exploited by political rhetoric and perplexing. After all, even before the and spiritually helpful. This paper will globalised networks of communication, fear Second World War and the horrific explore a range of twelfth- and thirteenth- is not only a prevailing emotion in revelation of the Holocaust, British fascism century meditations designed to cultivate contemporary culture but also the lens was largely unsuccessful (at least in or train feelings of fear, especially fear of through which readings and responses to orthodox political terms). Seen through an the Last Judgment. By vividly and events are construed. It acts as the emotion emotional lens, however, the continued repeatedly imagining the moment at which that impinges on and affects actions, existence of British fascism is less all human beings would rise resurrected thoughts and circumstances. Zygmut surprising. For many Britons, post-war from their graves to face the judgment of Bauman famously referred to it as ‘liquid immigration has changed the face of the Christ, medieval Cistercians hoped to fear’ to intimate such an impinging country for the worse. This is especially shape and strengthen both their fear and presence. A slow coagulation and hardening true of those who have affiliated themselves their love of God. however is in process both in the public and with the extreme right. British fascists have Alongside traditional historical analysis, private spheres in terms of prevention, not only been angry, however. They have this paper will include an overview of restriction and protection. The pervading also been afraid. In this paper I shall focus current neuroscientific and presence of fear has harshened into rigid on the interplay between fearful and neuropsychological research relating to dichotomies of safeguard and security. vengeful emotions in British fascist rhetoric. As emphasised by Paul Jackson fear, and explore ways in which this Drawing on the work of Tillmans, Sonja (2015), the ideological centrality of research can inform historical Brass’s photographic series An Abundance conspiracy theory to post-war fascism has understandings of fear meditation. In of Caution (2015–ongoing), Japanese led to fears of ‘white genocide’ becoming particular, it will address the question of collective Chim Pom, and Cuban common motivating factors for those whether fear really can be ‘trained’ performance artist Tania Bruguera, this involved in extreme right politics in Britain. through meditation. Cistercian attitudes paper questions the current state of fear This is true both of ideologues involved in towards ‘death anxiety’ will be discussed in and the role of the visual in its definition by organised political movements, such as the relation to Terror Management Theory focusing on politically engaged artistic British National Party, and important (TMT). Cistercians distinguished between practices that critique fear as an adequate figures in less clearly defined groupings, positive, educational fear and a fear of emotion. Through different approaches, the such as the far right punk scene. Using a death that was overwhelming or artists address cultural articulations of range of sources – including key speeches, paralysing. In Cistercian meditations, fear fear to challenge, critique and destabilise periodicals and song lyrics – this paper interacts with other positive emotions– them. This is achieved by evincing the ways shall offer both some conclusions on the such as love or longing– to produce in which the visual partakes to mediatised emotional driving forces behind British behavioural change in the meditant. constructions of fear – as in the case of fascism and some thoughts on the benefits Tillmans and Brass; and by exposing and of examining emotions when studying JULIA BOURKE is a third-year PhD student at subverting the dynamics underpinning the QMUL working on Cistercian emotions and right-wing extremism. emotional training c.1100–1300. Her research politics of fear whether as surveillance, combines cultural history and the history of xenophobia or immigration policies. A BENJAMIN BLAND is an AHRC-funded PhD emotions with modern neuroscience. By common thread is a questioning of fear as student in the Department of History at Royal examining a range of Cistercian practices, an emotion that ensues at the boundaries Holloway, University of London, supervised by including various forms of meditation, eating Professor Dan Stone. His thesis explores British of bodies and objects, and of the and sleeping habits, and attitudes towards death fascism since 1967 as a subcultural and burial, Julia’s thesis demonstrates how undercurrents that mobilise such an phenomenon, whilst also examining its medieval monks deliberately trained or emotion culturally. At stake is fear as interactions with, and reflections in, cultivated particular affective states, while deterrent and defence. underground culture. He has wider research eschewing others. She has previously worked interests in the history of cultural and political and published on medieval anchoritism. extremism in post-war Europe. In 2016–2017 he ‘ ‘Anger Between Violent and ‘Coleridge’s Fears in Solitude ‘Scruples of Conscience: Passionate Disagreement. and the French Invasion Excessive Fear of Sin How Can We Deal With Scare in Britain’ in Seventeenth- and Anger in Situations of ILDIKO CSENGEI Eighteenth-Century Italy’ Moral and Political Conflict University of Huddersfield STEPHEN CUMMINS From the Perspective of This paper will read Samuel Taylor Max Planck Institute for Human Development Coleridge’s 1798 conversation poem, Fears Philosophical Pragmatism?’ In a Christian context scruples denote in Solitude, in the context of letters, inordinate fear, anxiety or guilt regarding memoirs, pamphlets, prints and MARA-DARIA COJOCARU one’s sinfulness. Scrupulosity was a serious caricatures that were produced in Britain Munich School of Philosophy issue for early modern confessors and such during the 1797–1798 French invasion spiritual directors wrote many treatises to While one philosophical pragmatist, namely scare. I will explore the ways in which assuage the overworked consciences of the William James, was famous for promoting a these written and visual products misguided devout in the early modern particular view of what an emotion attempted to evoke, express and even period. Scruples are a particularly rewarding essentially is, the dynamic conception of suppress feelings of fear, anxiety and form of fear to track historically. The term’s affective states we can draw from the works terror and understand Coleridge’s ‘fears’ association with fear has largely been of other classical pragmatists such as in the context of these feelings. In Fears in displaced by a different one: unusually strict Charles Sanders Peirce and John Dewey Solitude Coleridge is deeply ambivalent ethical conscientiousness. The prior form of also helps us in thinking what we could do about his stance towards his own country scruples allows consideration of the causes with them. In my presentation, I want to ask and in his attitude towards the French. of fear that may lie outside of external how this conception applies to the case of Reviewers and scholars have long been reality: either in the form of fear of divine that particular kind of anger that arises in debating the poem’s pro- or anti-war punishment or as cast out of imagination. situations of moral and political stance, and whether or not it is part of a The chronology of this paper will allow for disagreement. This is important because contemporary alarmist discourse. Many tracking changes from counter-Reformation the two currently most widely held broadsides, handbills and pamphlets Catholicism to a more medicalised philosophical views of anger have arrived at published during this period warned about understanding of scrupulosity in the an impasse. They cannot see beyond anger the horrors of a possible French invasion. eighteenth century, as well as the internal as a potentially violent kind of disagreement They were funded by royalist associations divisions within the Catholic church about and only diverge on whether to endorse or with the sole aim of propagating fear how best to tackle scruples of conscience: reject the violence. Consequently, they run across the nation, and thus to encourage were such fears productive and holy or the risk of either jeopardising the respective volunteering amongst the masses. While destructive and worldly? Scrupulosity is a moral and political consensus — going these publications contributed to a form of mostly forgotten fear that speaks to down the spiral in which anger is met with widespread discourse of alarm, others a Catholic fear complex covering attrition anger — or of taming anger to quickly — debunked, challenged and ridiculed such (fear of hell) and contrition (convinced thereby preventing that the relevant moral fearmongering. Military and naval eye- hatred of sin). In particular this paper will and political questions will be asked. witness accounts gave a first-hand account explore a chain of important moments in the Assuming that pragmatists are right that of the mechanisms of feeling pervading history of scrupulosity: the rejection of we need to interpret affective states, I will this time of psychological warfare, and scruples by late-seventeenth-century highlight the epistemic benefits of anger in explored the extent to which the horrors of Catholic mystics; advice to the scrupulous; situations of moral and political conflict. war did come home intimately to affect the the ways in which Saint Alfonso de’Liguori Assuming that they are also right that we individual body and mind during this time. both suffered from and counselled against need certain affective states in certain Read in the context of such contemporary scruples; and finally, the proto-psychological inquiries, I will suggest a way of dealing accounts, Coleridge’s poem emerges as an understanding of scruples and their relation with anger that turns violent disagreement artistic discourse designed reflectively to to fantasy and imagination in eighteenth- into one that is passionate and particularly manage the nation’s fears instead of century thought. important if we want to account for conflicts perpetuating the feeling itself. of value comprehensively. STEPHEN CUMMINS completed his PhD at the ILDIKO CSENGEI joined the University of MARA-DARIA COJOCARU is a lecturer in University of Cambridge in 2015. Since then he Huddersfield in 2013 as a senior lecturer in has been a postdoctoral researcher at the practical philosophy at the Munich School of English Literature. Previously she held an R. A. Philosophy SJ. She has studied political science, Center for the History of Emotions, Max Planck Butler Fellowship at Pembroke College, Institute for Human Development in Berlin. He philosophy, theatre science and law at Ludwig- Cambridge; was a Leverhulme Early Career Maximilians-University Munich (LMU). It is also is preparing his monograph Governing Hatred: Fellow in the Faculty of English at Cambridge Enmity and Peace in Early Modern Naples for there that she received her PhD in 2011 for a and Fellow and Director of Studies in English at dissertation in political philosophy, relating a publication and has published essays on Newnham College. Ildiko’s book, Sympathy, Neapolitan history. He is now part of the new theme from ancient political philosophy (the good Sensibility and the Literature of Feeling in the city) to debates on and conditions of modern research group ‘Religious Feelings / Feeling Eighteenth Century was published by Palgrave in Religious’ at the Center for the History of urban life. Mara-Daria has been a visiting scholar 2012. Currently Ildiko is working on war and at the philosophy department of the University of Emotions where he is undertaking a project feeling in British Romanticism during the titled ‘Penitent Feelings: Confession and the Sheffield, funded through a research grant from French Revolution and Napoleonic wars. the DFG (German Research Foundation). Her Emotions in Early Modern Catholic Europe’. research on the theories of emotion in classical pragmatism has informed her current book project: ‘Reasons for becoming passionate (about) animals?’ (working title). ‘“Silence that Dreadful ‘Tremulous Arousal and the According to Marianne Hirsch, psychology has been focusing on human suffering as Bell”: Hearing Anxiety in Natural Physiology of Love’ an individual expression of personality, guilt Shakespeare’s Othello’ or depression. This approach places the CLARE DAVIDSON blame on the inability of the subject to KIBRINA DAVEY UWA navigate the social world and conceals Sheffield Hallam University The Middle English Dictionary defines hegemonic structures of oppression such ‘quaken’ as ‘to tremble or shudder as gender, class and race. This paper will re-examine the passions in because of strong emotion, especially fear, Shakespeare’s Othello (1604), a play This paper aims to explore how multiple apprehension or anger’, and further notes renowned for its exploration of sexual personality disorder is displayed in the the tradition of describing the experience jealousy. It will not disregard the protagonist of Shirley Jackson’s The Bird’s through arboreal similes. The provocative importance of jealousy in Othello, but will Nest (1954), which she suffers as a bed-scene of Troilus and Criseyde is one of shift emphasis, and refocus on the role that response to parental abandonment and the first recorded instances of this fear and anxiety play in the mental abuse carried out by her mother’s partner. imagery, which associates the affective degradation of the play’s eponymous When the second personality of shy experience of fear and the natural world. protagonist and his resulting act Elizabeth begins to arise – one which Criseyde, finding herself a ‘sely larke’ of uxoricide. expresses her rage and anger at her family caught in Troilus’s sparrowhawk clutch, and herself – she is put into psychiatric Specifically, this paper will examine the trembles like an aspen leaf (III. 1191–1200). treatment, for this personality is considered relationship between hearing and the The text assures that this precise narrative ‘sick’ and ‘unfeminine’. Throughout the generation of fear and anxiety in Othello, moment, somatically resonant but treatment, two more personalities will arguing that specific noises and voices essentially foreign, is recounted ‘as writen arise, expressing impossible femininities in provoke and exacerbate the generation of clerkes in hire bokes olde’ (III. 1199). There Cold War US culture. I argue how the Othello’s excessive passions, by transferring is no description of Cressida trembling in Il fragmented personalities of Elizabeth the fears and anxieties of those around him Filostrato, Chaucer’s main source, and so explore the silenced Elizabeths who will not as well as evoking the communal fears that the precedent is ubiquitous; it is written be allowed to speak in post-war US culture, pervaded the early modern populous. It will that she quivers like a leaf, but why? The where female identity is taken over by argue that fears about the supernatural, the moment is left floating, disruptive and institutions, such as psychiatry, to be made unchristian, and the uncivilised that were without context. Criseyde’s affective to fit in the national discourse – in this case, bound together by early modern anxieties experience of fear, or perhaps of desire, is the nuclear family, and the heterosexual about foreign ‘Others’, are generated within, subjected to a series of remote acts of couple, as Elaine Tyler May argues in or infect Othello via speeches and sound literary interpretation at the same time as Homeward Bound: American Families in the effects. The paper will take a historical it is presented as universal. Searching for a Postwar Era (1988). However, as the approach, drawing on early modern proto- cultural context for Criseyde’s trembling, in narrative shows, femininity is a barren field psychological, religious and philosophical this paper I analyse the physiological for creating new liveable identities in texts on the passions and senses. process of fear as a state of heightened post-war US. Thus, Elizabeth can only arousal and the way that this is explicated Galen wrote that, ‘[t]here are fear and choose between repeating her mother’s fate through analogy to the natural world in anger; the one leads and draws together or becoming an everlasting daughter, order to question what it means to write, the pneuma and blood inward towards the enhancing and recuperating the national translate and read an affective experience. arche with a cooling of what is superficial, discourse of the successful nuclear family as proof of national identity. whereas the other passes out, pours forth CLARE DAVIDSON is an Associate of the UWA and heats. That which is compounded from node of CHE, and a sessional lecturer in English both is called being anxious, and is and Cultural Studies at UWA. She completed her LAURA DE LA PARRA FERNÁNDEZ is a second irregular in its movements.’ Bearing PhD, which focused on the rhetoric of year PhD candidate at Complutense University of Madrid, where she also teaches English Galen’s definition of anxiety in mind, this physiological and mental arousal in fourteenth- century Middle English literature, at UWA in literature. Her research is fully funded by a 4-year paper will consider to what extent the 2017. She graduated with a BA (Hons) from The fellowship from the Spanish Ministry of Education. mixture or clashing of anger and fear University of Melbourne in 2012. Her current Her doctoral thesis explores the representations results in the generation of Othello’s research continues to explore sensory human of women’s madness in mid-twentieth-century deadly, aural-induced anxiety. experience particularly through the lens of British and American fictions, and the links aesthetics, reading practices and the history of between psychiatry, gender and the state. She is the body. currently a visiting researcher at Birkbeck KIBRINA DAVEY is a third year PhD candidate in College, University of London. the English department at Sheffield Hallam University, where she also teaches undergraduate modules, including ‘Shakespearean Drama’. Her thesis is on violence ‘Re-Mapping the and emotion in early modern tragedy and she is ‘The Gender of Anger in especially interested in early modern proto- Madwoman: Multiple psychological explanations of love, and its role as Victorian Science and an inducer of violence and disease. Davey has Personality Disorder or the had theatre and book reviews published in Medicine’ various journals. Her article, ‘Ungovernable Impossibility of an Alternative Passion in ‘Tis Pity She’s a Whore’ was recently Femininity in Shirley THOMAS DIXON published in Early Modern Literary Studies, and QMUL her forthcoming article on Philip Massinger is Jackson’s The Bird’s Nest’ due to appear in Textus. Anger has been gendered in many ways LAURA DE LA PARRA FERNÁNDEZ through history, but – despite the idea that Complutense University of Madrid ‘Hell hath no fury like a woman scorned’ – the dominant strand of thought has always In his essay ‘The Politics of Anger: On connected angry passions with violent Silence, Ressentiment and Political Speech’ men. This paper explores ideas about Peter Lyman claims that ‘anger becomes a gender and anger in Victorian science and political resource only when it is collective’. medicine, primarily through the writings of Movement (1914) and Jung’s Psychology of society, like the Danish conglomerate Charles Darwin and James Crichton the Unconscious (1912). The story of their state, the certainty of receiving Divine Browne. The latter was the medical gradual estrangement and eventual split salvation gave people a feeling of superintendent of the West Riding Pauper has been rehearsed many times, with ontological security. Contesting this Lunatic Asylum in Yorkshire. In this many different emphases, often by certainty created feelings of capacity Crichton Browne contributed case scholars with a marked pre-existing powerlessness and threw people into studies and photographs for Darwin’s use commitment to one or the other of their despair. Thus, pietism implied another in his 1872 book on The Expression of the theoretical positions. This study attempts temporality than modern emotions, as Emotions in Man and Animals. The to take an even-handed approach, eschatological concerns were constantly correspondence and published writings of respectful of the range and intensity of present. This signifies that, as distinct Darwin and Crichton Browne reveal both emotions involved on both sides – and of from existentialism, this anxiety did not an assumption of the maleness of rage the two men’s unusual candour in focus on existence in the worldly life. It was and violence but also several cases of rage acknowledging them. an eschatological anxiety, which focused in women, whether healthy or pathological. on life after death. The paper will also include some thoughts CHRISTINE DORAN is senior lecturer in History on the role of the nose in expressing rage and Political Science in the School of Creative JULIANE ENGELHARDT PhD, is an associate Arts and Humanities at Charles Darwin in the nineteenth century. professor in History at the University of University (Australia). She lectures mainly on Copenhagen. Her research focuses on the Southeast Asian and Australian history. In THOMAS DIXON is the Director of the Centre for cultural history of Europe. She currently addition to having published several investigates popular reactions to the the History of the Emotions at QMUL. His books monographs and edited collections, Dr Doran include From Passions to Emotions: The Creation of propagation of Pietism. The centre of her focus has published widely in journals such as the is the divide between paradigmatic pietist texts a Secular Psychological Category (2003), The International Journal of Jungian Studies, Nations Invention of Altruism: Making Moral Meanings in and practices, which created emotional and Nationalism, Asia Pacific Viewpoint, Gender, expectations of religious intensity and devotional Victorian Britain (2008), and Weeping Britannia: Technology and Development and Sojourn. She Portrait of a Nation in Tears (2015). He is currently fear of God, and the unintentional emotional has recently published several articles on the reactions of fear and anger. researching anger and rage as part of a historical thinking and political strategies of collaborative Wellcome Trust project entitled Chinese intellectuals in colonial Singapore at ‘Living With Feeling: Emotional Health in History, the beginning of the twentieth century. Philosophy, and Experience’. His broadcast projects have included a television program about ‘In Proximity to Despair: science and religion and a BBC Radio series entitled Five Hundred Years of Friendship’. Thomas Varieties of Fear in Luther’s ‘Fear, Anger and the is also a CHE international Partner Investigator. “95 Theses”’ Propagation of Pietism in the Danish State in the Early KIRK ESSARY ‘Rage and Anxiety in the Enlightenment ‘ UWA Split between Freud Fear, in multiple varieties, plays a JULIANE ENGELHARDT significant role in Martin Luther’s famous and Jung’ University of Copenhagen ‘95 Theses’, which were allegedly nailed to CHRISTINE DORAN Halle pietism was vigorously propagated in the door of the Wittenberg castle church 500 years ago this year, and which mark Charles Darwin University the Danish-German-Norwegian conglomerate state during the reign of the the beginning point of most accounts of This paper will focus on the period of the Danish absolute monarch, Christian VI the Protestant Reformation. Luther historic rupture between Sigmund Freud (1730-1746). This endeavour to initiate a suggests in theses 14 and 15 that the fear and Carl Jung, approximately the period pietistic revival of Christian fervour was of death which arises from imperfect love from 1909 to 1913. It will consider the met with sympathy among certain parts of in a dying Christian in itself constitutes a relevance of anger and fear in this process the population and considerable opposition sufficient ‘purgatorial’ punishment, ‘since of escalating conflict culminating in a by others raised in traditional Lutheran it approximates the horror of desperation’ definitive separation. Their estrangement faith. One of the elements, which caused (cum sit proximus desperationis horrori). led to a theoretical parting of the ways, considerable uproar, was that pietist That is, the fear of punishment is the signified by the divergence between priests refused their parishioners punishment due to its gravity in the sinner, psychoanalysis and analytical psychology. absolution and thereby denied them the which places this emotion at the very heart This study begins from the understanding Holy Eucharist. Focusing on the emotional of Luther’s soteriology. And then there that, for both Freud and Jung, private life history of Pietism, this presentation will follows the opaque but provocative thesis experiences, personal relationships and argue that, among pietists, fear and 16: ‘It seems that hell, purgatory and conflicts, and their emotional responses anxiety was an expected and even desired heaven differ the same as despair were deeply intertwined with the processes feeling to becoming a true child of God. (desperatio), near-despair (prope of theorising and writing. However, among the wider population in desperatio) and assurance (securitas)’. In just these three theses, Luther uses a The rift and final split were accompanied the Danish state, the refusal to give general absolution resulted in an cluster of fear-related terms – timor, by large amounts of anger and anxiety on horror, desperation – which are contrasted both sides, which continued to have unmanageable fear of not receiving justification from God. Some reacted with with love in order to emphasise the crucial emotional reverberations on the two role these emotions play (or ought to play) famous psychologists for the rest of their anger, causing social upheaval in the form of rioting. However, in terms of a more in the psyche of the Christian lives. This paper will look at how the contemplating death. The purpose of this emotional pressures generated by the feud general research-related perspective, this fear of not achieving salvation is paper is to consider the theological influenced the theoretical work on the valences of different types of fear in emotional life they produced during this noteworthy. Ontological certainty must be presumed to be a constant psychological Luther’s ‘95 Theses’, and to situate these period – such as Freud’s Totem and Taboo types of fear in the broader context of (1913) and The History of the Psychoanalytic and emotional need. How this certainty is obtained, or what shakes it, however, is Renaissance and Reformation emotional dependent on conditions and discourse by looking also at the fear of understandings that are historically death in Erasmus’ De preparatione ad contingent. In a traditional Lutheran mortem and at anxiety in John Calvin’s Victorian Britain. He is part of the Wellcome ‘Anger and Emile Zola’s Institutio. Trust-funded ‘Living with Feeling’ project at QMUL’s Centre for the History of Emotions. Theory of the Emotions in KIRK ESSARY is a postdoctoral research fellow with CHE at UWA. His research focuses on sixteenth- The Dream (1888)’ century religious and intellectual history. His first book is Erasmus and Calvin on the Foolishness of God: ‘Anger as Misshapen PAUL GIBBARD Reason and Emotion in the Christian Philosophy UWA (University of Toronto Press, 2017). Fear. Social and Political In his Rougon-Macquart series of novels Caricature in Literature’ (1871-­1893), Emile Zola set out to explore the PAOLO GERVASI way in which heredity and environment ‘Frenzy, Paroxysm and Rage interacted in a set of characters belonging in Victorian Theories of QMUL to several generations of a family in The practice of caricature, particularly if Second Empire France. Drawing on the the Grief’ applied to power-holding political figures scientific theories of Charles Darwin, Claude Bernard and others, he was EDGAR GERRARD HUGHES and relevant social issues, is often connected to the expression of anger. interested in the way that physiological QMUL Visual and verbal deformation violently traits could be passed down and modified from one generation to the next. Physical Denial, anger, bargaining, depression, point at and unmask public injustices, appearance, aptitudes and diseases were acceptance: so familiar are the ‘stages’ of abuses, offences, prevarications, vices and all physiological traits that could be passed grieving outlined by Elizabeth Kübler-Ross distorted behaviours. Confronting the on in modified formsto one’s offspring. Like that today the association between anger political power, as well as questioning an many nineteenth-century scientists, Zola and grief is widely taken for granted. Often established social structure, is also a likely also viewed the emotions as physiological this is true even for historians whose source of fear, especially in the case of in nature, so that emotional dispositions subjects were bereaved long before the absolute powers, like the ancient could descend through families in modified 1960s, when the earliest such theories monarchies or the modern forms. In The Dream (1888), the sixteenth were proposed. Pat Jalland, for instance, totalitarianisms. The caricaturist takes the novel of his Rougon-Macquart series, Zola repeatedly maps nineteenth-century risk of angrily laughing at what scares him examines the way that the characteristics experiences of loss onto the Kübler-Ross and all other members of society. inherited by a young girl, Angélique, from model, even as she remarks on the This paper presents a series of Italian her morally corrupt mother, Sidonie comparative scarcity of anger in the diaries literary texts (from Parini’s Il Giorno, Rougon, are influenced and mended by the and letters of recently widowed Victorians. Manzoni’s I Promessi Sposi and Gadda’s environment she encounters when adopted This paper proposes an alternative method Eros e Priapo) in which the verbal caricature by a pair of morally upright embroiderers. for understanding and interpreting of social and political figures is a device In particular, Zola focuses on the way that historical responses to death. Instead of transforming in anger the fear suffered by a her ‘violent’ passions are overcome by the presuming the commensurability of social body subject to an intimidating power. influence of her tranquil new home and are contemporary (and widely disputed) The analysis of texts and their contexts of transmuted into a ‘chaste’ passion for the theories about the nature of grief, I will production will show how the hyperbolic saints of the Christian church. In this begin by exploring the emotion as it was deformation of physical, behavioural and paper I will look at the way in which Zola described and theorised by writers in the linguistic traits is a stylistic symptom of the conceives of anger in the context of his nineteeth century. By analysing descriptions overturning of fear in anger. Political and general theory of hereditable emotions, of grief in historical theories of the social caricatures stress key aspects of how environment operates as a calming emotions, I suggest that mourning has a their targets in order to make them appear influence on hereditary anger, and how historically variable set of moral and monstrous, ridiculous or grotesque, thus environment comes, in Zola’s view, to medical meanings, which shape the deconstructing their authorised assume a modern form of Christian grace contemporary experience of emotional representations and undermining their as it regulates undesirable emotions. responses to death. threatening features. The bitter laughter triggered by caricature unloads the anger PAUL GIBBARD is a Chief Investigator with CHE An examination of writings on grief by otherwise repressed and contained because and a lecturer in French at UWA. He wrote his Charles Darwin, Henry Maudsley, of the restrictive action of fear. For all these doctoral thesis at the University of Oxford on Alexander Bain – alongside other, less reasons, an analysis of caricature endowing anarchism in late nineteenth-century English and French literature. After completing his DPhil. he canonical figures – will reveal that anger- a psychological and cognitive perspective like emotions were often described as a worked for a number of years as a researcher can reveal anger as a form of misshapen and editor on the Complete Works of Voltaire at facet of grief. But the relationship is not fear, thus confirming, despite the apparent the Voltaire Foundation in Oxford. Since returning easily analogous with models in which opposition, the deep interrelation between to Australia he has been involved in several anger is conceived as one of several stages these two basic emotions. research projects funded by the Australian in an affective arc. Instead, ‘frenzy’, Research Council: the ‘Baudin Legacy Project’, ‘paroxysm’ and even ‘rage’ were frequently with The University of Adelaide, and a project on PAOLO GERVASI is a Marie Curie Research ‘Women’s Political Thought in the Enlightenment’ understood as primitive and unrestrained Fellow at QMUL, working on a project on the at Monash University. He has also lectured in expressions of grief, common among history and theory of literary caricature. For the French at the University of New England. animals, children, non-Europeans and the past three years he has been a Research Fellow at the Scuola Normale Superiore di Pisa, mentally ill. By examining the relationship working on the ERC project ‘Looking at Words between anger and grief, I will argue that Through Images’. Paolo obtained his PhD at the expressions of grief were entwined with Scuola Normale Superiore defending a thesis on ‘Experiencing Terror, Fear and/ notions of propriety, civilisation and the tradition of literary essay and the forms of or Anxiety: Anxieties About emotional health. twentieth-century literary criticism. His main research interests concern the relationships between literature and visual cultures, and the Researching “Nuclear Anxiety”’ EDGAR GERRARD HUGHES is a PhD candidate study of literature through the insights of mind researching ideas and experiences of grief in sciences and neurosciences. Paolo’s most recent EMILY GIBBS publication is ‘La cognizione di Priapo. University of Liverpool Procedimenti caricaturali in Eros e Priapo di Carlo Emilio Gadda’, Between, VI.12 (2016). ‘Nuclear anxiety’ has been a problematic term in recent historiography, receiving during the proceedings. A strong feeling of ‘excessively worried’ public affected the much academic thought, but little guilt was created in the prisoners, who production and dissemination of Human theoretical or methodological structure were imprisoned without knowing the Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) / AIDS has been generated for its practice. As reason. They were asked to search their education material for adolescents. It will nuclear historians have moved away from memory for when and how they had acted interrogate how the fear of the intended ‘linear’ political, military and scientific against the faith, and thus the Holy Office teenage audience was imagined and narratives and towards an understanding caused their rapid and profound psychic rendered through educational and of the sociological, cultural, psychological destruction. As a result, and day after day, recreational texts produced for their and ontological resonance of nuclear some lost their minds. In many cases it consumption. By comparing the textual weapons, the concept of ‘nuclear anxiety’ was the prison staff (the warden and his responses of the BMA and government has become popular and subsequently assistant) that informed the inquisitors with responses produced by teenage disputed, interpreted, defined (and that this or that inmate was acting ‘oddly’. magazines, it will identify variations in re-defined) a multitudinous amount. In this case, usually one of the inquisitors, when and how a fear was used or quelled Despite this, there is a lack of research along with a notary, would go down to the in the hope of preventing the transmission bringing together and assessing current cell to make sure of it. This was followed of HIV and the continuing prevalence of debates surrounding the terminology. by a visit from the court doctor. On many AIDS-related stigma. Subsequently, a universal definition of occasions, prisoners were sent to the ‘nuclear anxiety’ is virtually non-existent nearest hospital or, if they were not too HANNAH ELIZABETH KERSHAW is a research as the term has come to cover all manner assistant on the Wellcome funded project loud or violent, to a particular house. ‘Placing the Public in Public Health’ at the of nuclear terror, fear, stress and worries However, an essential principle guided the London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine under its multifaceted umbrella. Holy Office: its determination to eradicate (LSHTM). Her current research focuses on the place of emotion in public health. Before joining This paper intends to explore the heresy and consequently to punish and isolate dangerous prisoners for their LSHTM, Hannah completed her PhD, titled ‘[Re] methodologies and theories surrounding inventing Childhood in the Age of AIDS: The an understanding of ‘nuclear anxiety’ in heretical beliefs, whether or not they were Representation of HIV Positive Identities to historiography. Using Robert Lifton’s early ‘crazy’. In short, if the inmate wasn’t too Children and Adolescents in Britain, 1983-1997’, definition of ‘psychic numbing’ this paper disruptive, they left him in jail, confiscated at the University of Manchester’s Centre for History of Science Technology and Medicine. Her shall explore the ways in which ‘nuclear his assets and waited for him to regain his judgment in order to apply the penalties, thesis focused on the effect adults’ fear and anxiety’ has entered the public anxiety had on representing HIV, sex and death consciousness culturally, psychologically since a madman cannot be executed, but to children and adolescents. and spatially and the ways these have been neither could heresy be left unpunished. investigated in recent historiography. FERNANDO GIL has a B.A. in History (U.C.M.), a How can we understand ‘nuclear anxiety’ Masters in History and Sciences of Antiquity ‘Fear and Anger Across objectively when we still live in the nuclear (U.A.M.-U.C.M.) and a PhD awarded by the age? How is ‘nuclear anxiety’ represented Department of History of Institutions at the National Languages’ Distance Education University. He is a senior and understood by different historians? researcher in the Group of Research in the Spanish What methodological problems do we face Institute at U.C.A (Buenos Aires) and GIEM of TANIA KOUTEVA when using ‘anxiety’ as a historical focus? National University of Rio de la Plata in Argentina. Heinrich-Heine University and How can we define and pinpoint what He is also an assistant professor at UNED. exactly ‘nuclear anxiety’ means and use it MARINE VUILLERMET practically to better understand our Radboud Universiteit Nigmegen nuclear pasts, present and future? ‘Public Health for an Both fear and anger are typically recognised as basic human emotions. Therefore we EMILY GIBBS is currently completing her first “Excessively Worried” Public: year of an AHRC NWCDTP-funded PhD at the would expect natural human languages to University of Liverpool. Her research focuses on Instilling Caution While have lexical expressions for both fear and the ways in which local, urban communities anger. When it comes to grammatical(ised) experienced, represented and expressed Quelling Fear Through AIDS expressions, our prediction would be either: ‘nuclear anxiety’ in the United Kingdom from the existence; or the non-existence of 1952 to 1989. By analysing, comparing and Education for the Under 18s, mapping the emotional and cultural histories of 1983–1987’ grammatical(ised) structures for both fear British ‘nuclear anxiety’, this project will build on and anger across languages. comparative histories of everyday life in the Cold HANNAH ELIZABETH KERSHAW War era, and contribute to emerging scholarship On the basis of a cross-linguistic survey we on nuclear cities, history of emotions and the London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine show that, as expected, individual British nuclear experience. languages do have dedicated lexical In 1986, the British Medical Association (BMA) expressions for both fear and anger. With produced a lengthy memorandum for the regard to the domain of grammar, however, Social Services Committee Inquiry on Acquired we find an intriguing asymmetry: whereas Immune Deficiency Syndrome (AIDS). ‘The Emotions of Prisoners none of the world´s languages has been Condemned by the Spanish Among the wide-ranging discussions shown to have a grammatical category therein was a meditation on the effect fear encoding anger (Heine and Kuteva 2002; Inquisition: Fear, Anger and and anxiety was having upon the response Heine, Kuteva, Hong, Long, Narrog and Madness in the Old Regime’ to AIDS by the public. It was warned ‘some Rhee forthcoming), there are a number of heterosexuals may be excessively worried’ languages – belonging to different FERNANDO GIL but that ‘public education should avoid language families and spoken in different Universidad Nacional de Educación a Distancia being so reassuring as to swing the geographical areas – where fear, and pendulum the other way’. Fear was seen as apprehension of a particular verb situation, This paper aims to explain the both a tool in the arsenal of public health or entity, are marked grammatically, by psychological behavior of prisoners educators and an obstacle, in the form of means of affixation, e.g. the suffix – chana, condemned by the Inquisition. There are AIDS-related stigma, to be overcome. a grammatical morpheme encoding the many cases in which prisoners died or apprehensive in Ese Ejja (an Amazonian This paper will discuss how the idea of this went ‘crazy’ in secret prisons before or language). This suffix is a mood marker tagging a (usually imminent) feared event, in the company of others. By placing fear markers about the persistence or the at best translated by a periphrasis like ‘be at the forefront of this enquiry, I aim to survivance of the polysemic meaning of careful X might happen!’ demonstrate the multifaceted nature of inquiétude during the nineteenth and emotions in chronic functional disorders twentieth centuries. Ese Ejja (Vuillermet forthcoming) through cross-genre analysis. I further B’iya b’iya b’iya b’iya! Kekwa-ka-chana miya! wish to highlight the intricate narrative of MICHELINE LOUIS-COURVOISIER is a historian cause, symptom, diagnosis and treatment working on the epistolary consultations bee bee bee bee pierce-3A-APPR 2SG.ABS addressed to Dr Samuel August Tissot in the by revealing the overlapping roles that fear second half of the eighteenth century. She ‘Bee, bee, bee, bee! Watch out it might plays in these supposedly distinct medical sting you! [field] focuses in particular on the practice of sensibility phases, and how this changes in light of and on the strangeness of the mind-body We view the linguistic typological ‘fitness’ of new theories of the human body and brain. articulation as experienced by the authors of the fear – encoding grammatical categories – letters. Micheline is a professor in the Medical EVELIEN LEMMENS is a PhD candidate School at the University of Geneva and works but not of anger-encoding ones – from the within a medical humanities program. She is perspective of grammaticalisation theory. researching the relationship between diet, digestion and emotional health in Britain between currently Vice-Provost at the University of Geneva. 1850 and 1950. She is part of the Wellcome Trust TANIA KUTEVA is a full professor of English funded ‘Living with Feeling’ project at QMUL’s Linguistics at Heinrich-Heine University Düsseldorf Centre for the History of Emotions. Her research and a professorial research associate of SOAS, interests include history of emotions, social history ‘Pity, Anger, Vengeance: University of London. She has been a visiting of medicine and gender history. scholar at the Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary An Emotional Nexus in the Anthropology, Leipzig; an invited scholar at the Netherlands Institute for Advanced Studies (NIAS), Alliterative Morte Arthure Wassenaar, The Netherlands; a visiting professor at the University of Texas at San Antonio, and an ‘The Semantic Confusion and The Siege of Jerusalem’ Alexander von Humboldt Visiting Professor at UCL and SOAS, University of London. Her main of the Word Inquietude in ANDREW LYNCH interests include grammaticalisation, linguistic the Eighteenth Century: UWA typology and language evolution. One of her major publications (with Bernd Heine) 2002 is World Between Internal Sensations Anger was a deadly sin in medieval Lexicon of Grammaticalization (Cambridge, 2002). in Movement and Emotions’ Christian teaching, but it also came to be readable through Aristotle’s definition in MICHELINE LOUIS-COURVOISIER Rhetoric, 2.2: ‘an impulse, accompanied by pain, to a conspicuous revenge for a ‘“Demon of Dyspepsia”: Fear University of Geneva conspicuous slight directed without and Emotional Indigestion In the epistolary consultations sent to Dr justification towards what concerns in Britain (1850–1914)’ Tissot during the second half of the oneself or towards what concerns one’s eighteenth century, patients used the word friends’. Aristotle’s definition of pity is EVELIEN LEMMENS inquiétude in two contrasted senses. One complementary – Rhetoric 2.8: ‘a feeling of meant a mental preoccupation, close to pain caused by the sight of some evil, QMUL what we understand today. The other destructive or painful, which befalls one indicated a sensation that was felt in who does not deserve it, and which we During the long second half of the different parts of the body. Patients might expect to befall ourselves … ’. My nineteenth century, a period characterised reported that they suffered of inquiétudes paper investigates what happens to the as being obsessed with nervous and to the wrist, in the blood, to the hands and relation of anger, vengeance and pity (or digestive disorders, discussions on the fingers, all around the navel etc. As with ‘ruth’) in two late fourteenth-century relationship between digestion and other French words commonly used in the English narrative poems, where it operates emotion pervaded British publications. eighteenth century (humeur(s), sensibilité, within a context of chivalric honour and Analysing a wide variety of published étonnement, angoisse, horripilation, Christian popular piety. I will suggest that source material – including medical embarras, lassitude, esprit(s)) inquiétude the intimate and unconditional pity that the journals, periodicals, newspapers and referred either to a somatic reality or to a Morte Arthure demands for its suffering didactic literature – this paper examines mental state. It meant either a movement heroes matches and motivates its hostility the prominent role of fear(s) in the inside the body or on the skin, or an towards enemies: pity and vengeance are emotional aetiology and symptomatology emotion. There was no need to have parts of the one impulse, heightened by of chronic functional digestive disorders, distinct words to express an emotional blood-relationship, knightly fellowship and and considers how the emotional state or a sensoriel experience. shared religion. In The Siege of Jerusalem, narratives of dyspepsia were informed by the sufferings of the Jews are inflicted out physiological and neurological research. In the first part of my presentation, I will of pity for the Passion of Christ. In both Illustratively, William Beaumont, the first examine the different meanings of poems, the pain of pity is not a restraint on to experiment on the living stomach inquiétude in dictionaries. I will also anger, as if anger were to be seen as a loss through a permanent gastric fistula, analyse what patients precisely meant of emotional balance, but an monitored the effect of fear on the when they expressed a bodily sensation of encouragement to ruthless and pleasurable physiological condition of the stomach by inquiétude. In the second part, I will revenge. In effect, the traditional Christian observing the organ’s colour, movement establish a correlation between inquiétude critique of anger as a moral and mental and acid secretions. Alongside the and other sensations of internal mobility. I disorder is disabled in these poems. physiology and neurology of emotion and will also discuss these sensations in the stomach, the source material reveals a relation to the nervous system, the ANDREW LYNCH is the Director of CHE and widespread societal fear of suffering from humoral system and to the fibres. I will professor of English and Cultural Studies at UWA. indigestion. This could comprise the fear of conclude on the kinesthetic and linguistic He has published extensively on medieval English recurring and unrelenting abdominal pain self-consciousness of the eighteenth- literature, as well as medievalism, especially on or the fear of having a serious yet century patients that helps us to grasp the themes of war and peace. With Susan Broomhall undiagnosed condition, as well as a blurred demarcation between body and and Jane Davidson, he is the general editor of the peculiar social fear of embarrassment, mental states, between internal movement forthcoming, six-volume Bloomsbury Cultural should one’s failing digestion betray them and emotions. I will also briefly set some History of Emotions. His recent publications include three book collections: he is the editor, with Stephanie Downes and Katrina O’Loughlin, of definite commonalities (e.g. they all make Emotions and War: Medieval to Romantic Literature the Devil appearing to them in the night. In an Augustinian distinction privileging some cases the Devil appeared in the form (Palgrave Macmillan, 2015); with Michael chaste fear of currying divine disfavour Champion, of Understanding Emotions in Early of an animal (a familiar) to torment a over servile fear of God’s punishment), they Europe (Brepols, 2015); and, with Louise D’Arcens, hapless man or woman, such as the 1579 of International Medievalism and Popular Culture all contain idiosyncratic features that case of Richard Galis, a man who was so (Cambria Press, 2014). respond to the specific rhetorical and terrified of the demonic cat in his chamber pedagogical purposes for which they were that he wept for fear. In others the Devil produced. For example, a Latin sermon by appeared as a nightmare encounter, one the dissident theologian John Wycliffe is that left the victim literally paralysed with ‘Transphobia and the Camp adamantly opposed to fears of losing terror. Accused witches, although believed Psychiatrist in the Movies worldly goods (a clear reflection of to be in league with the Devil, also feared Wycliffe’s vitriolic dislike of clerical his presence. The night was not only feared 1960–1992 ‘ property), whereas the liberal minded as the time in which the Devil was most mystic Julian of Norwich’s taxonomy in her active but it was also understood as a time JOY McENTEE ‘Long Text’ emphasises the potential of transformation, as a period in which the The University of Adelaide spiritual productivity of all the types of Devil could take ordinary people and turn dread she catalogues,including despair, In Psychiatry and the Cinema (1999) Glen O. them into his servants. For many accused which is almost always condemned in witches their first encounters with the Gabbard and Krin Gabbard argue that other medieval theological writings. Using representations of the psychiatrist were Devil were characterised by fear and Deleuze and Guattari’s discussion of suspicion; for some the Devil continued to largely so positive in the late 1950s and striation in chapter 14 of A Thousand terrorise them until they finally gave into early 1960s as to constitute a ‘Golden Age’ Plateaus and Monique Scheer’s concept of his advances. By exploring the experiences of movie psychiatry. Their defence, emotional practices, this paper explores however, falters on two points: their of both victims and witches, this paper will how the taxonomies of dread circulating in highlight how early modern men and characterisation of Dr Richman in Psycho the various devotional-emotional (Alfred Hitchcock, 1960) is open to women viewed the night as a dangerous communities of late medieval England time of demonic attack and temptation. challenge, and they apparently overlook shaped the way that their audiences not Yen Lo (Khigh Dhiegh), the evil communist only conceptualised, but also experienced CHARLOTTE-ROSE MILLAR is a postdoctoral brainwasher who dominates the bravura fear. Moreover, it argues that examining research fellow in the Institute for Advanced set pieces of The Manchurian Candidate historical taxonomies of fear whose Studies in the Humanities at UQ and an (John Frankenheimer, 1962). Furthermore, ideological character is, with the benefit of Associate Investigator with CHE. Her book, they ignore the stigmatisation of psychiatry hindsight clearly recognisable, prompts us Witchcraft, The Devil and Emotion in Early Modern by association with the phenomenon he is England is forthcoming with Routledge in 2017. to interrogate the ideological She is also the author of numerous works on invoked either to explain or represent, underpinnings of our contemporary witchcraft, diabolism, emotions and sexual namely the destabilisation of binary discourses on fear, particularly those that practices in early modern England and has won constructions of gender. This article distinguish between ‘healthy’ and two prizes for her published work. re-examines Dr Richman and discusses ‘pathological’ species thereof. Yen Lo as a monstrous psychiatrist who gives Frankenheimer an opportunity to PAUL MEGNA is a postdoctoral research fellow screen a phobic response to gender with the ARC Centre of Excellence for the History ‘“Good-Natured Choleric liminality. Psycho and The Manchurian of Emotions, based at The University of Western People”: A Moral Debate of Candidate occupy a trajectory of equivocal Australia. His work focuses on medieval literature’s fixation on negative emotion and he is representations of the psychiatrist in especially interested in the pre-modern roots of the Eighteenth-Century ’ American movies from 1956 to 1992, with existentialist philosophies of anxiety, shame, ramifications felt through to 2016. These despair and love. He has published in journals LINA MINOU films evince continuities rather than including PMLA, Exemplaria, postmedieval and Independent Scholar discontinuities between the psychiatrists of The Yearbook of Langland Studies. He is currently developing a monograph titled Existential This paper looks to an eighteenth-century Gabbard and Gabbard’s ‘Golden Age’ and Emotion in Middle English Literature. He is also debate concerning the passion of anger those of subsequent eras. working on a research project that takes an and its contradiction, or not, with the interdisciplinary approach to the study of JOY McENTEE teaches American film, American medieval and contemporary passion plays. notion of good nature, a term that distilled literature and Adaptation in the Department of the moral code of the period. The subject English and Creative Writing at The University of was the concern of devoted publications, Adelaide. She has published in Adaptation, such as the anonymous Appeal Against Literature/Film Quarterly, the Journal of Passionate People (1748) and also a matter Adaptation in Film and Performance and ‘Fear of the Night, the Devil Camera Obscura. for the periodical press around the middle and the Nightmare in Early of the century. The text of the Appeal Modern England’ argues that there is a specific set of people who both experience anger and also ‘Striating Dread in Late CHARLOTTE-ROSE MILLAR maintain their essential good nature. The University of Queensland (UQ) According to the text these people are to Medieval England’ be distinguished by those who are common In 1594 Thomas Nashe asked ‘When hath ‘slaves’ to the passion of anger as they PAUL MEGNA the devil commonly first appeared unto any continue to exhibit ‘a large share of UWA man but in the night?’ In early modern humanity’. In arguing for an exception the England, the night was a time to be feared, same author posits ‘degrees’ of passionate This paper examines a selection of the a time in which devout Protestants needed many taxonomies of dread contained in people, with varying levels of social to guard themselves against the Devil’s acceptability attached to each one late medieval English sermons and assaults. These fears come across clearly mystical tracts, each of which promotes a according to their behaviours while angry. in English witchcraft narratives. In these The author also illustrates these varieties distinct ascetic program for dreading well. sources, both accused witches and Although these taxonomies all share some of anger by offering explanatory stories supposed victims describe their terror of that further dissect the nature and the conditions of permissibility of anger. moral power to bring forth a change. The University (Budapest), obtained his PhD in Opposing texts, on the other hand, Creature’s anger is destructive and philosophy at Freiburg University (Germany), disapprove of a conciliatory version murderous but truthful and dignified. In with a scholarship from the German Academic Exchange. He has been teaching at Eötvös between anger and good nature and argue, this paper, the anger-related vocabulary Loránd University since 2001, was appointed as instead, that the very phrase is an used in these two novels and the full professor in 2015 and is currently the Head of oxymoron. Paying attention to the confrontational dialogues involving Fanny Department of Modern and Contemporary arguments of both sides, the discussion or the Creature will be analysed, and their Philosophy. His main research areas are will contribute to the understanding of the linguistic skills for survival will be nineteenth- and twentieth-century continental philosophy, hermeneutics, Heidegger, Gadamer, plurality of the emotion of anger and how examined. Hannah Arendt and the Frankfurt School. He has this is affected by cultural and historical published books and articles, and edited specificities, and especially the discourse TOMOKO NAKAGAWA is a professor at the collections of essays in these fields. of eighteenth-century sensibility. University of the Sacred Heart, Tokyo. She is the author of Aspects of Daily Lives in the British Novel (2011) and an editor of several other books LINA MINOUR obtained her PhD from on British literature. Her current research Loughborough University (2014) with a thesis on interests lie in the interplay between image and ‘The Relationship Between negative passions – specifically anger, resentment, text in illustrated novels, cultural exchanges and envy – in the context of eighteenth-century between Japan and Britain in the nineteenth Fear and Anger in the sensibility, theories of moral goodness, and the century and eco-critical approaches to the Rhetoric and “Repertory body. Aspects of Lina’s work have been presented modern British novel. She is a member of the in numerous international conferences in the UK British Association for the Romantic Studies of Actions” Repeated in and abroad. Her most recent work, supported by (BARS) and the Jane Austen Society of Japan. the Wellcome Trust, involves the physiology of envy She was awarded a Chawton House Library Public Executions and Mob in early modern context. Lina has taught and Fellowship in May 2017. supervised student research at Loughborough Lynchings in Seventeenth- University and has also acted as a consultant to digital humanities projects. Century France and England’ ‘Heidegger on Affectivity: CARLY OSBORN Attunement, Moods and Fear’ The University of Adelaide. ‘Literary Representations In this paper I consider the relationship of “Righteous Anger” CSABA OLAY between fear and anger in the rhetoric and Eötvös Loránd University ‘repertory of actions’ repeated in public in Mansfield Park and executions and mob lynchings in In his masterwork Being and Time, Frankenstein’ seventeenth-century France and England, Heidegger offers a description of human in the context of the religious wars. I find affectivity, with a focus on moods. As TOMOKO NAKAGAWA that this rhetoric draws from longstanding embedded in his question concerning the University of the Sacred Heart mythical and ritual scripts of imagining the meaning of ‘being’, he seeks to clarify the community as a body, and purging it of a structure of the being who asks that Is a Jane Austen heroine capable of anger? physical pollutant in the form of the Other. question, viz. Dasein. In characterising our It may seem unlikely but the answer is The corporeal metaphor invokes a curious being as being-in-the-world, Heidegger positive. Anger, like prejudice and mixture of terror and rage: fear of being develops a conception of ‘attunement’ discrimination, is not in itself evil and, contaminated by the poison, and rage (Befindlichkeit) as a constitutive part of according to Sarah Emsley, can even be towards the filthy and despicable carriers Dasein, and distinguishes between moods virtuous. Elizabeth Bennet in Pride and of contagion. Prejudice, for example, becomes angry and feelings within it. Due to the character when Darcy refers to her social inferiority of his philosophical project, the analysis of My analysis is grounded in the theory of as he proposes marriage to her. ‘Righteous Dasein, Heidegger pays particular René Girard, and his model of cathartic anger’ in Austen’s novels, Emsley argues, attention to moods, without disregarding scapegoating in which the community both enables the main characters to discern feelings. Whereas the latter are mere hates and fears the Other; in which the and judge evil in someone, something or in episodes, moods turn out to be an integral hatred is so great it turns to violent themselves. part of Dasein. In this paper, I concentrate annihilation, and yet the fear is so great it on Heidegger’s distinction between moods turns to reverence and divinisation. In this paper I argue that ‘anger’, even and feelings and assess his overall theory when it no longer seems ‘righteous’, is My paper therefore suggests that fear and of affectivity. I will be less interested in his indeed key to understanding the strength anger can be felt, understood and wider philosophical project, i.e. the of socially marginalised protagonists. I will expressed as working together in the question of being, but give a sketch of the focus on two novels published within four rhetoric and action of catharsis. phenomenological context of his ideas, years of one another: Jane Austen’s especially placing it is relation to Husserl’s Mansfield Park (1814) and Mary Shelley’s CARLY OSBORN is the Education and Outreach phenomenology. My main claim is that Frankenstein (1818). Officer and a Research Fellow at The University Heidegger’s account of moods significantly of Adelaide node of CHE. She holds a PhD in Nina Auerbach once found a parallel contributes to our understanding of what English, First Class Honours degree in English between Fanny Price in Mansfield Park and being a human means. In Heidegger’s and a Graduate Diploma in Education (Secondary) from The University of Adelaide. Her the nameless Creature in Frankenstein description, moods – which, in contrast to PhD thesis ‘Tragedy, Sacrifice and the American based on their monstrosity. Fanny, a feelings, can have no causal explanation, Dream: A Girardian Reading of Some Post-War diffident young dependent of Mansfield being non-intentional – and Befindlichkeit American Novels’ won The University of Adelaide Park is as ‘monstrous’ as the nameless in general, reveal our being thrown into the Doctoral Research Medal. Her research Creature, Auerbach contends, in her world (thrownness/Geworfenheit), is a interests include: the theory of René Girard; history of emotions; violence, ritual and eagerness to be included in society. significant part of our being-in-the-world. spectacle; tragic theory and catharsis. In connection with this distinction, I will The implicit anger of Fanny Price, directed also review Heidegger’s analysis of angst. at her mentor and first love, who is infatuated with someone who does not CSABA OLAY, having studied philosophy, deserve him, seems to provide her with the mathematics and physics at Eötvös Loránd ‘Men on Fire: Variable Takes ‘Virtuous Anger and ‘Fear and Anger in Tacitus’s on Outrage’ Middle-Class Anxieties: Histories: A Vicious Circle’ DEIDRE PRIBRAM The Emotional Politics of CAROLINE RICHARD Molloy College the ‘Angry Young Man’ in Paris-Sorbonne As the ‘Fears and Angers’ call for papers Popular Indian Cinema’ The Histories are not a simple recollection makes clear, it is necessary to pluralise of facts of the 69 AD civil war. First of all, it emotions. This is due not only to the IMKE RAJAMANI is an attempt to understand closely what intensity arc that each emotion Max Planck Institute for Human Development are the causes that provoked those encompasses, but also because any terrible events, during which so many emotion ‘acts’ and ‘means’ differently The ‘Angry Young Man’ became the most popular type of Indian film hero in the early people suffered. Tacitus focuses on the depending upon the cultural and historical reason why the united populus of Rome, circumstances of its uses. A helpful site to 1970s. Action movies showed the social underdog to fight with powerful punches as exalted by Livy, went into war. Studying grasp such operations occurs in the his narrative allows modern readers, as audio-visual media of film and television. and witty vigilantism against corrupt politicians, greedy businessmen and lazy ancient ones, to understand that Genres are bound together; in part by the police officers. In the political era of Indira emotions and affects are in the eye of the emotional valencies they share and that Gandhi’s populist socialism, the angry storm. However, Tacitus does not make a often identify them (thrillers, weepies, young man defended the values of clear indictment against passions, just as suspense films).Forms of anger at social Nehruvian democracy and pluralist a philosopher could have done. He sets a injustice often drive the police and secularism against the evil effects of very structured system of affects, where detective genres as well as many action western capitalism. This changed by the various forms of fear and anger are films (Pribram 2013). Yet, differenceswithin mid 1980s. A new generation of muscular overrepresented, and through which he a genre rely on the variable ways individual heroes directed their anger against a shows how dangerous and vain these films or television series take up and ‘system’ of malgovernance and crime emotions can be. Besides, in the confusion shape their identifying emotion. Thus, perceived to be upheld by the ‘westernised’ of the civil war events, errors are frequent, there is no exemplary configuration of elites of the Congress Party. These and they are presented through the ‘anger’ common to anger-derived genres; narratives addressed the anxieties of historian’s point of view as faults. Fears each incident of anger requires young middle-class Hindu men about and angers, because they form a assessment in terms of its own narrative becoming jobless, remaining unmarried, consistent system, allow the historian to and cultural claims. living without social respectability and even discuss the responsibility of the civil war. The emotions, which are not simply A visual motif found in certain without a nation, if politics did not suppress the ‘westernisation of women’ considered as a furor manifestation, are contemporary action films focuses on ‘the linked with the decisions and apprehension man on fire’ sequence, in which the lead (feminism), the ‘greed of the uneducated lower castes’ (caste-based reservation) of the situation. As a consequence, they character sets off a conflagration that he form a kind of trap into which Rome itself then turns his back on, walking calmly and and the ‘criminal activities of un-Indian invaders’ (British, Chinese and Muslims). finally falls and from which escaping turns without remorse towards the camera, even out to be really difficult. when the explosion behind him involves The films promoted anger as a virtuous means to overcome the unmanly state of loss of life. Such a sequence occurs in Man After three years in classes préparatoires in on Fire (2004), Shooter (2007) and The victimhood and fear. Anger was an Lycée Henri IV (Paris), CAROLINE RICHARD Equalizer (2014). In each, the film’s ‘hero’ is empowering emotional practice that would started her searcher formation this year in driven by outrage at some form of social earn the angry young man his citizenship Classical Letters. She is a Latinist, specialising in early imperial literature. Caroline is studying injustice to the point that he becomes the in a vigilante Indian nation that aimed at winning back control over the state. emotions in Tacitus’s Histories for her Mémoire, man on fire. directed by Michèle Ducos, Sorbonne Latin Popular movies helped in transforming section director. Her research focus on My paper closely examines this recurring Hindu fundamentalist, nationalist emotions follows the idea that the usual iconography that, although it remains ideologies into political ideas that gained dichotomy between reason and passion is too visually consistent from film to film, majority appeal. This paper explains simple to provide a good understanding of the encompasses significant emotional virtuous anger in popular Indian cinema as Roman world. adjustability and, therefore, conveys quite an indicator of, and decisive factor in, the distinctive meanings. Such similar/ rise of today’s powerful Hindu nationalism. dissimilar cinematic depictions reveal something of value about the social events IMKE RAJAMANI is a postdoctoral research ‘Joy in Terror: Emotions in and cultural relations that emotions fellow at the Center for the History of Emotions, the Criminal Prosecution of make possible. Max Planck Institute for Human Development, Berlin. She studied German literature, media Nineteenth-Century Political and history at the University of Hamburg before E. DEIDRE PRIBRAM is, most recently, the she earned her doctoral degree from the Violence ‘ author of A Cultural Approach to Emotional Department of History and Cultural Studies at Disorders: Psychological and Aesthetic the Freie Universität Berlin in 2016. Her DAPHNE ROZENBLATT Interpretations (New York; Routledge 2016); dissertation is titled ‘Angry Young Men: ‘How 9/11 Changed the Movies: The Tony Scott Masculinity, Citizenship and Virtuous Emotions Max Planck Institute for Human Development Barometer’ (2016); ‘Feeling Bad: Emotions and in Indian Cinema’. Her main research interests Contemporary terrorism research Narrativity’ in Breaking Bad (2014); and Emotions, include the history of emotions, conceptual Genre, Justice in Film and Television: Detecting history beyond language, and the political and increasingly examines the emotions and Feeling (New York: Routledge 2013). Pribram cultural history of postcolonial India with a focus emotionalisation of modern political writes extensively on cultural emotion studies, on Hindi and Telugu cinema. violence, often exploring fear as a political film and television studies, gender and popular culture. She is professor in the weapon. In other words, perpetrators of Communications Department of Molloy College, political violence not only aim to physically Long Island, New York. attack persons outside the rules of conventional warfare, they seek to sow seeds of fear into a given population in a hatred turn’d / Nor Hell a fury, like a woman scorn’d.” war of emotional attrition without a anger. The play in fact dramatises his clearly definable victory in sight. However, lack of anger by contrasting him to his LAURA J. ROSENTHAL is Professor of English at the University of Maryland and author of fear was not always the emotional aim or friend Aboan, who expresses anger and must be talked out of acting on this Infamous Commerce: Prostitution in Eighteenth- by-product of violent acts categorised Century Literature and Culture (Cornell, 2006; as terrorism. In the nineteenth century, impulse. Removing Oroonoko’s anger is paperback, 2015) and Playwrights and such political actors often described one of the significant changes that the Plagiarists in Early Modern Drama: Gender, their motives in terms of empathy, love playwright Thomas Southerne made to Authorship, Literature Property (Cornell, 1996); editor of Nightwalkers: Prostitute Narratives and joy; they felt pity and compassion Aphra Behn’s novella of the same name. Addison’s Cato, most prominently, from the Eighteenth Century (Broadview, 2008); for those oppressed, love for all and co-editor (with Donna Heiland) of Literary humanity and joy in inspiring political transcends anger over the death of his Study, Measurement, and the Sublime: change. Focusing on the Italian context, son to mourn for his country. Disciplinary Assessment (Teagle Foundation, this paper explores the role of emotions 2011) and (with Mita Choudhury) of Monstrous In order to explore the meaning and Dreams of Reason: Body, Self, and Other in the in defining nineteenth-century terror, and consequence of this connection between Enlightenment (Bucknell, 2002). She won a specifically, emotions of nineteenth- emotion and genre, I will look closely into Newberry/British Academy Award for century perpetrators of political violence. the work of one playwright: William Research in Great Britain; the Monticello Furthermore, it looks at how courtroom Congreve. Congreve’s Way of the World, in College Foundation Fellowship for study at the trials served as forums for identifying, Newberry Library; an NEH Summer Award; the Restoration comic tradition, finds and a Folger Shakespeare Library Short-Term explaining and defending emotions in comedy in anger. The malicious Fellowship. She is editor of the journal cases of political terror, and the role of characters in this play are all at various Restoration and is currently working on a book the law and science in connecting points angry at Mirabell: Fainall because project called “Ways of the World: Theater and emotional causes to emotional effects. It he has been ‘pre-cuckolded’ and Cosmopolitanism in the Restoration and concludes by considering the ways that thwarted in his blackmail plot; Mrs. Beyond.” the history of terror can be re-examined Marwood because Mirabell pays no through a critical examination of political attention to her; and Lady Wishfort most feeling and how fear of terrorism spectacularly when she realises that The Tyranny of the developed in relation to courtroom Mirabell has tricked her. But Mirabell is debates over political violence. also angry: he is furious that Millamant Temporal Lobe: Fear, Anger, entertains fops; his schemes against and Epilepsy at the Guy’s- DAPHNE ROZENBLATT is a postdoctoral Lady Wishfort are gratuitously cruel; and research fellow at the Centre for the History of Maudsley Neurosurgical Emotions at the Max Planck Institute for his constricting demands on Millamant in Human Development. She completed her PhD their marriage negotiation suggest Unit, 1951-1968’ at the University of California, Los Angeles in continuing irritation with her emotional 2014, where she researched the social and power over him. DAVID SAUNDERS political history of Italian psychiatry in the long nineteenth century. Her current research Congreve’s tragedy The Mourning Bride, QMUL focuses on emotions in trials of political crime mostly now forgotten, was one of the in nineteenth-century Europe. Between receiving its first patient in 1951 most popular plays of the century and and its two-hundredth in 1968, the complicates the fear/anger generic Guy’s-Maudsley Neurosurgical Unit distinction. Zara’s anger has lingered in established itself as a world-leading ‘“Hell Hath No Fury’: the popular imagination, widely centre for the neurosurgical treatment of misquoted as ‘Hell hath no Fury like a temporal lobe epilepsy. Led by Fear and Anger on the woman scorned.’* Congreve wrote the neurosurgeon Dr Murray Falconer and Eighteenth-Century Stage’ play to feature his beloved Ann psychiatrist Professor Denis Hill, the Unit Bracegirdle in the role of the Spanish offered patients with intractable LAURA ROSENTHAL princess Almeria, but the bulk of conditions a dramatic surgical attention went instead to the “woman intervention: the en bloc removal of the University of Maryland scorned,” the Moorish Queen Zara, anterior temporal lobe. This paper originally played by Elizabeth Barry but examines how fear and anger, both as In Restoration and eighteenth-century later performed by the most prominent drama, fear belongs to tragedy and anger emotional experiences and medical actresses of the century, including Sarah problematics, shaped the motivations of belongs to comedy. Aristotle, of course, Siddons. I will explored the significance identified pity and fear as the primary doctors and patients alike in this of the shift of attention in this play from landmark chapter in the history of emotions generated by tragedy; comedy, the intended star, the mourning bride he argues, allows audience members to epileptology. Drawing upon long-standing herself, who lives in fear, to an “enslaved” cultural attitudes towards the condition, feel superior to the characters on stage African woman, who lives in anger, and to reject their bad behavior with temporal lobe epilepsy patients in this originally produced at a moment that saw period were perceived as emotionally laughter. In the Restoration and the largest spike in slave-trading in eighteenth century, one of these central transgressive characters, subject to English history to date. Congreve’s Zara aggressive outbursts and unusual sexual forms of bad behavior is manifested as echoes Lady Wishfort in her thwarted anger. Tragic characters remarkably desires. As such, the Unit’s desires and her anger at being fooled. neurosurgeons were at once motivated by avoid anger, even in situations in which Rather than mocking both of these anger might be expected. In The London a therapeutic concern for seizure women, however, Congreve affords them reduction, an intellectual curiosity Merchant (1731), for example, the both a surprising measure of dignity and notorious Millwood tricks George regarding the temporal lobe’s influence audience sympathy, providing unusual on aggressive and fear-inducing Barnwell into murdering an uncle who instances in which audiences members has only shown him kindness, and while behaviours, and a social imperative to are encouraged to sympathize with an identify and eliminate forms of deviancy. he becomes despondent, he never angry character. Congreve complicates becomes angry. In Thomas Southerne’s Far from being passive recipients of this eighteenth-century tragic form by treatment, patients displayed a similarly Oroonoko, the eponymous hero is tricked encouraging anger over political injustice. into slavery and yet does not express complex range of motivations for going *The actual lines are: “Heav’n has no rage like love to under the knife: to appease frustrated parents and spouses, to protect threatened DR ANASTASIA STOURAITI is lecturer in Early phenomena. The preliminary results show jobs and livelihoods, and, most importantly, Modern History at Goldsmiths, University of that in early modern Switzerland, the fear to rid themselves of the fear and shame of London. Her current work includes ‘Printing of ghosts and spirits helped people to cope empire: visual culture and the imperial archive in being ‘epileptic’. By closely examining the seventeenth-century Venice’, The Historical with everyday struggles. vast research output of the Unit across two Journal 59.3 (2016) and ‘Collecting the past: decades, this paper explores how post-war Greek antiquaries and archaeological knowledge EVELINE SZARKA is a PhD candidate at the neurosurgery attempted to address in the Venetian empire’, in D. Tziovas (ed.), University of Zurich and a member of the doctoral program in the Department of History. matters of fear and anger, and in so doing, Re-imagining the Past: Antiquity and Modern Greek Culture (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2014). She received her BA in History and German transformed the ‘objective’ environment of Philology from the University of Zurich and her the operating theatre into a site of intense DR ALEXANDER KAZAMIAS is senior lecturer in MA in German Philology and Medieval Studies emotional experience. Politics at Coventry University. He is author of from the University of Zurich and Cambridge Greece and the Cold War: Diplomacy and Anti- (Gonville and Caius College). She wrote her DAVID SAUNDERS is a PhD candidate at the Colonialism after the Civil Conflict, London: I.B. masters thesis on the purposes of apparitions Centre for the History of the Emotions, QMUL. Tauris, 2017). He has written on modern Greek according to Ludwig Lavater’s Gespensterbuch His research focuses on human experimentation, politics and history, Greek-Turkish relations and (1569). She is currently working on a medical research and citizenship in twentieth- the politics of modern Egypt. His latest dissertation on the semiotics of ghostly century Britain, and is supported by a doctoral publications include ‘Antiquity as Cold War sensation in early modern culture. Her research studentship from the Wellcome Trust. His work Propaganda: The political uses of the classical interests include historical semiotics and also intersects with the Centre’s ‘Living with past in post-civil war Greece’, in D. Tziovas (ed.) pragmatics, Reformation history and history of Feeling’ Collaborative Award. Re-imagining the Past: Antiquity and Modern Greek the occult. Culture, Oxford UP, 2014. He has written numerous press articles and has appeared on BBC Radio, RT and Greek State Television (ERT). ‘“Patriots Beware!” Fear and ‘Self-Reflexive Anxiety’ the Visual Culture of Anti- RUTH REBECCA TIETJEN Communism in Post-Civil ‘Alarming Signs: Spirits, University of Tübingen War Greece’ Sins and Sickness in Early This paper will address a specific kind of Modern Switzerland’ fear-like feeling: self-reflexive fear or ANASTASIA STOURAITI anxiety. Self-reflexive anxiety is an aversive Goldsmiths, University of London and EVELINE SZARKA feeling which is not directed at an external University of Zurich object or event – at something that might ALEXANDER KAZAMIAS happen to oneself – but rather at oneself, at Apparitions and ghosts have always been Coventry University one’s own possible behaviour and actions associated with terror. The fear of ghosts – at something one at least partly brings This paper investigates the uses of fear in often creates them in the first place, as about. Think, for example, of the fear of Greek anti-communist discourse from the Ludwig Lavater argued in his treatise fainting in public, the fear of failing in an country’s Civil War in the 1940s to the fall ‘Ghosts and Spirits Walking by Night’ in exam, the fear of acting out of an impulse of the Military Dictatorship in 1974. It 1569. The lack of control over invisible or desire one does not identify with, the focuses on the visual propaganda of the entities and the uncertainty about our own fear of acting out of an unloved habit, or victors of the Civil War with the aim of senses summon the most fundamental the fear of performing a courageous action demonstrating how this fuelled a culture of fears of human existence. The ‘uncanny’ is which challenges one’s own character and demonisation and terror vis-à-vis the not what is unknown to us, but the eerie identity (cf. Kierkegaard 1980; Sartre 1948; defeated Left and its local supporters. distortion of the ‘once familiar’ (Freud). In Heidegger 2008). In this paper, I offer a Drawing on the history of emotions, critical the early modern period, ghosts and description, a conceptual analysis and a propaganda theory and iconographic spectres were not only terrifying due to categorisation of those phenomena. analysis, the paper decodes the visual their mere appearance as fragmented and Thereby I refer to philosophical and language of anti-communism to show the ghastly echoes of past existence, but psychological theories of self-reflexive ways in which mass-produced iconic because of their meaning. The unruly ghost emotions, and in particular consider anger imagery (posters, cartoons, book represented unfinished business and sins as another case of a (possibly) self- illustrations, newsreels and motion of the deceased, and they affirmed the reflexive emotion in order to highlight the pictures) portrayed communism as an existence of purgatory. Even after the peculiarities of self-reflexive anxiety. As I alien and barbaric monstrosity. In so doing, abolition of purgatory during the am going to argue, in the most extreme the analysis traces back the cultural protestant Reformation, people still cases of self-reflexive anxiety, it is our sources of anti-communist propaganda to believed in the existence of ghosts and actions, and therefore our practical identity long-standing traditions of negative diabolic spectres, and if anything, the fear itself that is at stake. othering such as Islamophobia, of spirits increased significantly. orientalism and chauvinism. It argues that This paper contributes to the topic of the The heightened terror of ghosts and spirits the pictorial rhetoric of fear was patterned conference in a twofold manner. First, it in the sixteenth and seventeenth century on old stereotypical themes and visual sheds light on a commonly neglected, but was accompanied by an intensified fear of scripts that were embedded in popular still widespread and fascinating class of diabolical illusions and temptations. This culture and carried strong emotional fear-like emotions. It thereby challenges paper argues that early modern spirits connotations. In addition, the visual the idea of fear as a basic emotion, and were charged with multiple meanings. As a vocabulary of anti-communism will also be shows how this particular class of fear-like practical tool, they revealed hidden sins, examined in comparison with feelings is dependent on our self- indicated sickness and served as portents contemporary examples from other conception. Secondly, it sheds light on the for misfortune. Spirits were always an Western states and linked to the relation between fear and anger by alarming sign for religious and social international context of the Cold War. particularly considering the relation discrepancy. This study draws upon Finally, through this case study, the paper between anxiety and anger as self-reflexive documents preserved in the state archives will reflect on the wider heuristic value of emotions. The debate on self-reflexive of Switzerland that detail a variety of visual culture for the history of emotions. emotions is focused on necessarily eyewitness accounts of ghostly self-reflexive emotions like shame or guilt. Fear and anger can be self-reflexive, Blasphemers were graphically though they are not necessarily so. ‘“A Frightening New Report”: portrayed as being tortured by the Therefore, they belong to a neglected class The Use of Fear Appeal in Devil, with their cursing and swearing of self-reflexive emotions. Still, anger leading the Devil directly to their door. better conforms to the traditional picture Sixteenth-Century Lutheran Through using the threat of the Devil, of self-reflexive emotions because it is News Reports’ Lutherans sought to regulate human directed at one’s own factual, present or emotions towards the divine and the past self, rather than at one’s possible ABAIGÉAL WARFIELD diabolical. The examples and graphic future self. The University of Adelaide warnings made clear that one should RUTH REBECCA TIETJEN is completing her PhD Appeals to fear and threats have long been never curse in anger, and to curse God thesis in philosophy of emotions at the deemed as effective in constructing or swear to the Devil could have dire University of Tübingen (Germany). It focuses on convincing arguments that regulate consequences. It will be argued that fear and anxiety and particularly considers people’s behaviours. In order to effect just as fear appeals are used today to self-reflexive and mood-like experiences. What enhance the perceived severity of distinguishes her approach is that it is inspired changes in their audiences’ behaviour, it by analytical, existential and phenomenological will be argued, a number of Lutheran threats, Lutheran news authors philosophy. Ruth has also co-initiated a research authors employed a ’ear appeal’ approach. similarly employed a fear appeal project on religious feelings. Her research and This paper will show how stories in early approach as a means to reform not teaching has partly been inspired by an modern Lutheran news worked to enhance only behaviours but also to regulate interdisciplinary discourse and engaging a the feelings of members of the metaphilosophical debate about the aim, the perceived severity of the threat of the method and form of philosophy. In her future Devil, sometimes using scary graphic Lutheran community. research, Ruth plans to focus on fear and warnings, which sought to underline the anxiety as political emotions dangerous nature of certain ‘ungodly’ ABAIGÉAL WARFIELD is a postdoctoral research fellow at CHE at The University of behaviours, especially blasphemy, which Adelaide. She is co-convener of the was believed to provoke God’s wrath. Emotions and Media Research Cluster at the Centre. She is currently working on a A number of Lutheran authors were quick project titled ‘Framing Fear: Constructing to realise that they could use the new Fear of God, the Devil and Witches in Early genre of Neue Zeitungen to communicate Modern Germany.’ She is in the process of fear-laden warnings beyond the pulpit to completing her first monograph, which wider audiences. Frightening stories were explores how the crime of witchcraft was constructed in German news reports in the used to try to persuade parishioners to sixteenth and seventeenth centuries. abstain from blaspheming and cursing.