Haiti: a Case Study of the International Response and the Efficacy of Nongovernmental Organizations in the Crisis
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Empire, Racial Capitalism and International Law: the Case of Manumitted Haiti and the Recognition Debt
Leiden Journal of International Law (2018), 31, pp. 597–615 C Foundation of the Leiden Journal of International Law 2018 doi:10.1017/S0922156518000225 INTERNATIONAL LEGAL THEORY Empire, Racial Capitalism and International Law: The Case of Manumitted Haiti and the Recognition Debt ∗ LILIANA OBREGON´ Abstract Before 1492, European feudal practices racialized subjects in order to dispossess, enslave and colonize them. Enslavement of different peoples was a centuries old custom authorized by the lawofnationsandfundamentaltotheeconomiesofempire.Manumission,thoughexceptional, helped to sustain slavery because it created an expectation of freedom, despite the fact that the freed received punitive consequences. In the sixteenth century, as European empires searched for cheaper and more abundant sources of labour with which to exploit their colonies, the Atlantic slave trade grew exponentially as slaves became equated with racialized subjects. This article presents the case of Haiti as an example of continued imperial practices sustained by racial capitalism and the law of nations. In 1789, half a million slaves overthrew their French masters from the colony of Saint Domingue. After decades of defeating recolonization efforts and the loss of almost half their population and resources, Haitian leaders believed their declared independence of 1804 was insufficient, so in 1825 they reluctantly accepted recognition by France while being forced to pay an onerous indemnity debt. Though Haiti was manumitted through the promise of a debt payment, at the same time the new state was re-enslaved as France’s commercial colony. The indemnity debt had consequences for Haiti well into the current century, as today Haiti is one of the poorest and most dependent nations in the world. -
Solon Communal Section, St. Louis Du Sud Commune Imagery Analysis:28 April 2017 | Published 02 May 2017 FL20170424HTI
HAITI AÆ Flood Solon Communal Section, St. Louis du Sud Commune Imagery analysis:28 April 2017 | Published 02 May 2017 FL20170424HTI 73°36'30"W 73°36'0"W 73°35'30"W INSET : 28 April 2017 Saturated wet soil N " N 0 ' " 7 0 ' 1 7 ° 1 8 ° 1 8 1 H A I T I P¥¦¬ort-au-Prince Map location Satellite Detected Water and/or Sucrerie Henry N " N Saturated Wet Soil Extent in 0 " 3 ' 0 6 3 ' 1 6 Solon Communal Section, Haiti ° 1 8 ° 1 8 1 See inset for close-up view of This map illustrates the satellite-detected an affected area water and/or saturated wet soil extent in Solon Communal Section, St. Louis du Sud Commune in Sud Department located in the southwestern part of Haiti. The UNITAR- UNOSAT analysis used a WorldView-2 satellite image acquired on the 28 April 2017 Solon and could observe areas with standing River waters and saturated wet soil mainly affecting agricultural fields. The UNITAR- N " UNOSAT analysis identified 118 ha of those N St. Louis du Sud 0 ' " 6 0 ' Sud 1 6 ° 1 8 areas, which cover 8.50% of this map's ° 1 8 extent of 1385 ha of land. This is a 1 preliminary analysis and has not yet been validated in the field. Please send ground feedback to UNITAR-UNOSAT. Legend Village Primary road Secondary road N " N 0 " 3 ' Local road 0 5 3 ' 1 5 ° 1 8 ° 1 River 8 1 Baie Dumerle Commune boundary Communal section boundary Cloud mask Satellite detected water and saturated wet soil : 28 April 2017 Saturated wet soil N " N 0 ' " 5 0 ' R i v i e r e M o m b i n 1 5 ° 1 8 ° 1 8 1 River Map Scale for A3: 1:12,500 I! Meters 0 125 250 375 500 73°36'30"W 73°36'0"W 73°35'30"W Analysis conducted with ArcGIS v10.4 Satellite Data: WorldView-2 Baseline Data : CNIGS - Open Street Map The depiction and use of boundaries, geographic names and related data shown here are not warranted Imagery Date: 28 April 2017 Analysis : UNITAR - UNOSAT to be error-free nor do they imply official endorsement or acceptance by the United Nations. -
Piracy, Illicit Trade, and the Construction of Commercial
Navigating the Atlantic World: Piracy, Illicit Trade, and the Construction of Commercial Networks, 1650-1791 Dissertation Presented in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of Doctor of Philosophy in the Graduate School of The Ohio State University by Jamie LeAnne Goodall, M.A. Graduate Program in History The Ohio State University 2016 Dissertation Committee: Margaret Newell, Advisor John Brooke David Staley Copyright by Jamie LeAnne Goodall 2016 Abstract This dissertation seeks to move pirates and their economic relationships from the social and legal margins of the Atlantic world to the center of it and integrate them into the broader history of early modern colonization and commerce. In doing so, I examine piracy and illicit activities such as smuggling and shipwrecking through a new lens. They act as a form of economic engagement that could not only be used by empires and colonies as tools of competitive international trade, but also as activities that served to fuel the developing Caribbean-Atlantic economy, in many ways allowing the plantation economy of several Caribbean-Atlantic islands to flourish. Ultimately, in places like Jamaica and Barbados, the success of the plantation economy would eventually displace the opportunistic market of piracy and related activities. Plantations rarely eradicated these economies of opportunity, though, as these islands still served as important commercial hubs: ports loaded, unloaded, and repaired ships, taverns attracted a variety of visitors, and shipwrecking became a regulated form of employment. In places like Tortuga and the Bahamas where agricultural production was not as successful, illicit activities managed to maintain a foothold much longer. -
The Right to Vote – Haiti 2010/2010 Elections
2010/ 2011 The Right to Vote A Report Detailing the Haitian Elections for November 28, 2010 and March, 2011 “Voting is easy and marginally useful, but it is a poor substitute for democracy, which requires direct action by concerned citizens.” – Howard Zinn Human Rights Program The Right to Vote – Haiti 2010/2011 Elections Table of Contents Overview ........................................................................................................................................................ 2 Permanent vs. Provisional .......................................................................................................................... 2 Government in Shambles ............................................................................................................................ 2 November Elections .................................................................................................................................... 3 March Elections.......................................................................................................................................... 3 Laws Governing The Elections Process ......................................................................................................... 4 Constitution ................................................................................................................................................ 4 Electoral Law ............................................................................................................................................ -
Sustentable De Especies De Tortuga
Plan de acción de América del Norte para un comercio sustentable de especies de tortuga Comisión para la Cooperación Ambiental Citar como: CCA (2017), Plan de acción de América del Norte para un comercio sustentable de especies de tortuga, Comisión para la Cooperación Ambiental, Montreal, 56 pp. La presente publicación fue elaborada por Peter Paul van Dijk y Ernest W. T. Cooper, de E. Cooper Environmental Consulting, para el Secretariado de la Comisión para la Cooperación Ambiental. La información que contiene es responsabilidad de los autores y no necesariamente refleja los puntos de vista de los gobiernos de Canadá, Estados Unidos o México. Se permite la reproducción de este material sin previa autorización, siempre y cuando se haga con absoluta precisión, su uso no tenga fines comerciales y se cite debidamente la fuente, con el correspondiente crédito a la Comisión para la Cooperación Ambiental. La CCA apreciará que se le envíe una copia de toda publicación o material que utilice este trabajo como fuente. A menos que se indique lo contrario, el presente documento está protegido mediante licencia de tipo “Reconocimiento – No comercial – Sin obra derivada”, de Creative Commons. Detalles de la publicación Categoría del documento: publicación de proyecto Fecha de publicación: mayo de 2017 Idioma original: inglés Procedimientos de revisión y aseguramiento de la calidad: Revisión final de las Partes: abril de 2017 QA313 Proyecto: Fortalecimiento de la conservación y el aprovechamiento sustentable de especies listadas en el Apéndice II de -
Geospatial Data Availability for Haiti: an Aid in the Development of GIS-Based Natural Resource Assessments for Conservation Planning
United States Department of Agriculture Geospatial Data Availability Forest Service for Haiti: An Aid in the International Institute of Tropical Forestry Development of GIS-Based General Technical Report Natural Resource Assessments IITF-GTR-33 February 2007 for Conservation Planning Maya Quiñones, William Gould, and Carlos D. Rodríguez-Pedraza The Forest Service of the U.S. Department of Agriculture is dedicated to the principle of multiple use management of the Nation’s forest resources for sustained yields of wood, water, forage, wildlife, and recreation. Through forestry research, cooperation with the States and private forest owners, and management of the National Forests and National Grasslands, it strives—as directed by Congress—to provide increasingly greater service to a growing Nation. The U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA) prohibits discrimination in all its programs and activities on the basis of race, color, national origin, age, disability, and where applicable, sex, marital status, familial status, parental status, religion, sexual orientation, genetic information, political beliefs, reprisal, or because all or part of an individual’s income is derived from any public assistance program. (Not all prohibited bases apply to all programs.) Persons with disabilities who require alternative means for communication of program information (Braille, large print, audiotape, etc.) should contact USDA’s TARGET Center at (202) 720-2600 (voice and TDD). To file a complaint of discrimination, write USDA, Director, Office of Civil Rights, 1400 Independence Avenue, SW, Washington, DC 20250-9410 or call (800) 795-3272 (voice) or (202) 720-6382 (TDD). USDA is an equal opportunity provider and employer. Authors Maya Quiñones is a cartographic technician, William Gould is a research ecologist, and Carlos D. -
January 17 – 23, 2006
HAITI NEWS ROUNDUP: JANUARY 17 – 23, 2006 Haitian presidential hopeful decries gap between rich and poor 23 January 2006 AFP PORT-AU-PRINCE, Haiti (AFP): Haiti's elites must do more to help the poor, the frontrunner in Haiti's presidential race told AFP in an interview. "If those who have, begin to invest in the education of the weakest among us, they would be grateful," said former president Rene Preval, who leads opinion polls ahead of the February 7 election. "Children must be taken off the streets. Weapons must be taken from the hands of children and replaced with pens and books," he said late on Friday. "That is how we will harmonize relations between rich and poor." Cite Soleil, a sprawling slum in the capital that is controlled by armed groups, represents the failure of the country's elites, he said. "We must realize it," he said. "The rich are cloistered in their walled villas and the poor are crammed into slums and own nothing. The gap is too big," he said. Preval opposed a military solution to the problems posed by Cite Soleil, the source of much of Haiti's ongoing insecurity. "I am against a military solution to this problem," he said in an interview late Friday, proposing dialogue, "intelligence and firmness" instead. Preval called for judicial reform, the expansion of Haiti's 4,000-strong police force and for the UN Stabilization Mission in Haiti (MINUSTAH) to remain in place until Haitians can ensure stability themselves. " Those that want to create instability in the country and to continue drug trafficking will be the first to demand MINUSTAH's departure. -
Port-Au-Prince HAITI
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Haiti on the Brink: Assessing US Policy Toward a Country in Crisis
“Haiti on the Brink: Assessing U.S. Policy Toward a Country in Crisis” Prepared Testimony Before the U.S. House of Representatives’ Committee on Foreign Affairs, Subcommittee on the Western Hemisphere, Civilian Security, and Trade Daniel P. Erikson Managing Director, Blue Star Strategies Senior Fellow, Penn Biden Center for Diplomacy and Global Engagement December 10, 2019 I begin my testimony by thanking Chairman Sires, Ranking Member Rooney, and the members of this distinguished committee for the opportunity to testify before you today about the current situation in Haiti – and to offer some ideas on what needs to be done to address the pressing challenges there. It is an honor for me to be here. I look forward to hearing from the committee and my fellow panelists and the subsequent discussion. The testimony that I provide you today is in my personal capacity. The views and opinions are my own, informed by my more than two decades of experience working on Latin American and Caribbean issues, including a longstanding engagement with Haiti that has included more than a dozen trips to the country, most recently in November 2019. However, among the other institutions with which I am affiliated, I would like to also acknowledge the Inter- American Dialogue think-tank, where I worked on Haiti for many years and whose leadership has encouraged my renewed inquiry on the political and economic situation in Haiti. My testimony today will focus on two areas: (1) a review of the current situation in Haiti; and (2) what a forward-leaning and constructive response by the United States and the broader international community should look like in 2020. -
Doing Business in Haiti: 2018 Country Commercial Guide for U.S
Doing Business in Haiti: 2018 Country Commercial Guide for U.S. Companies INTERNATIONAL COPYRIGHT, U.S. & FOREIGN COMMERCIAL SERVICE AND U.S. DEPARTMENT OF STATE, 2018. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED OUTSIDE OF THE UNITED STATES. Table of Contents Doing Business in Haiti _____________________________________________ 5 Market Overview ________________________________________________________ 5 Market Challenges ______________________________________________________ 8 Market Opportunities ____________________________________________________ 9 Market Entry Strategy __________________________________________________ 11 Political Environment ______________________________________________ 11 Political Environment ___________________________________________________ 11 Selling U.S. Products & Services ____________________________________ 12 Using an Agent to Sell U.S. Products and Services __________________________ 12 Establishing an Office __________________________________________________ 12 Franchising ___________________________________________________________ 13 Direct Marketing _______________________________________________________ 13 Haiti Country Commercial Guide, June 2018 2 Joint Ventures/Licensing ________________________________________________ 13 Selling to the Government _______________________________________________ 13 Distribution & Sales Channels ___________________________________________ 14 Express Delivery ______________________________________________________ 15 Selling Factors & Techniques ____________________________________________ -
Haiti: the Relationship Between Political Instability and Post-Disaster Response Ashly Brun Clark University, [email protected]
Clark University Clark Digital Commons International Development, Community and Master’s Papers Environment (IDCE) 3-2018 Haiti: The Relationship Between Political Instability and Post-Disaster Response Ashly Brun Clark University, [email protected] Follow this and additional works at: https://commons.clarku.edu/idce_masters_papers Part of the History Commons, and the Latin American Studies Commons Recommended Citation Brun, Ashly, "Haiti: The Relationship Between Political Instability and Post-Disaster Response" (2018). International Development, Community and Environment (IDCE). 197. https://commons.clarku.edu/idce_masters_papers/197 This Research Paper is brought to you for free and open access by the Master’s Papers at Clark Digital Commons. It has been accepted for inclusion in International Development, Community and Environment (IDCE) by an authorized administrator of Clark Digital Commons. For more information, please contact [email protected], [email protected]. Brun 1 Haiti: The Relationship Between Political Instability and Post-Disaster Response Submitted by Ashly Brun March 2018 A Masters paper Submitted to the faculty of the International Development and Social Change Department of Clark University, Worcester Massachusetts In fulfillment of the requirements for the International Development and Social Change Accelerated B.A. / M.A. program And accepted on the recommendation of professor Anita Fabos, Ph.D., Chief instructor Brun 2 Table of Contents Abstract ..................................................................................................................... -
Report on Haiti, 'Failed Justice Or Rule of Law?'
ORGANIZATION OF AMERICAN STATES INTER-AMERICAN COMMISSION ON HUMAN RIGHTS OEA/Ser/L/V/II.123 doc.6 rev 1 26 October 2005 Original: English HAITI: FAILED JUSTICE OR THE RULE OF LAW? CHALLENGES AHEAD FOR HAITI AND THE INTERNATIONAL COMMUNITY GENERAL SECRETARIAT ORGANIZATION OF AMERICAN STATES WASHINGTON D.C. 2006 2006 http://www.cidh.org OAS Cataloging-in-Publication Data Inter-American Commission on Human Rights. Haiti: Failed Justice or the Rule of Law? Challenges Ahead for Haiti and the International Community 2005 / Inter-American Commission on Human Rights. p. ; cm. (OAS Official Records Series. OEA Ser.L/V/II.123) ISBN 0-8270-4927-7 1. Justice, Administration of--Haiti. 2. Human rights--Haiti. 3. Civil rights--Haiti. I. Title. II Series. OEA/Ser.L/V/II.123 (E) HAITI: FAILED JUSTICE OR THE RULE OF LAW? CHALLENGES AHEAD FOR HAITI AND THE INTERNATIONAL COMMUNITY Page EXECUTIVE SUMMARY ............................................................................. v I. INTRODUCTION .............................................................................5 II. BACKGROUND ..............................................................................6 A. Events in Haiti, 2003-2005 ..................................................6 B. Sources of Information in Preparing the Report ..................... 11 C. Processing and Approval of the Report................................. 14 III. ANALYSIS OF THE ADMINISTRATION OF JUSTICE IN HAITI ............ 17 A. Context for Analysis .......................................................... 17