Sankardeva As Playwright and Director of Assamese Drama: a Study
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Renaissance in Assamese Literature
International Journal of Humanities and Social Science Invention ISSN (Online): 2319 – 7722, ISSN (Print): 2319 – 7714 www.ijhssi.org Volume 3 Issue 9 ǁ September. 2014 ǁ PP.45-47 Renaissance in Assamese Literature Dr. Chandana Goswami Associate Professor Dept. of History D.H.S.K. College Dibrugarh, Assam, India ABSTRACT : The paper entitled “Renaissance in Assamese Literature” attempts to highlight the growing sense of consciousness in the minds of the Assamese people. From 1813 to 1854, the year of Wood’s Despatch, this was the period when Assam was experiencing the beginning of a new phase of national life, being thrown into contact with the west. It was trade that had already brought the British salt merchants into Assam. When finally the British took over Assam it had been suffering for a long period from internal disturbances which were closely followed by the Burmese invasions. Education in the country in the early years of British rule was in a retrograde state. In 1837 when Bengali replaced the Assamese as the language of the court, the missionaries had just arrived in Assam. They took up cudgels against the imposition of the Bengali language. The near total darkness shrouding Assam from the outside world was gradually removed with the entry of the British who gradually broke Assam’s isolation by establishing new routes of communication. The educated elite of the time contributed largely towards the development of Assamese literature. I. INTRODUCTION : The term “renaissance” was first used in a specific European context, to describe the great era from about the fourteenth to the sixteenth centuries, when the entire socio-cultural atmosphere of Europe underwent a spectacular transformation. -
Speech of Shri J.P. Rajkhowa Hon'ble Governor
SPEECH OF SHRI J.P. RAJKHOWA HON’BLE GOVERNOR ARUNACHAL PRADESH ON SANKARDEVA IN THE KOCH KINGDOM AT TEZPUR CENTRAL UNIVERSITY TEZPUR, ASSAM ON RD 23 SEPTEMBER, 2015 SANKARDEVA IN THE KOCH KINGDOM - J.P. Rajkhowa, IAS (Retd.) One of the greatest Saints of Medieval India, Srimanta Sankardeva (1449-1568 A.D.) has left his mark in the history of mankind, as one of the most versatile legendary personalities of all times. He played the role of a Saviour of humanity, more particularly, in the eastern parts of Bharat Varsha-the vast North Eastern Region, known as Asama-Kamrupa-Kamata of the 15th and the 16th centuries, which comprised Gaur-desa (undivided Bengal and parts of Bihar) and almost, the entire North East. He was a versatile genius – a yoga expert, an ace swimmer, a bull fighter and sportsman, a culinary expert, a master weaver cum designer, propounder of Eka-Sarana-Naam-Dharma or Neo-Vaisnavism, spiritual guru, social reformer, an emancipator of the women, an artist, a litterateur, a celebrated scholar, a linguist with sound knowledge and understanding of Assamese, Sanskrit, Prakit, Brajavali, Maitheli etc. He was also an administrator, an outstanding educationist, a musical maestro, a master craftsman, an actor, a playwright, a lyricist who composed many Borgits (Noble Psalms), a votary of secularism, an advocate of casteless, egalitarian society and a great unifier of people of diverse races, tribes and religions. All these virtues and qualities combined in the personality of one person; and his epoch-making contribution to the society, make Sankardeva outlive both time and space, even 447 years of his passing away in 1568 A.D. -
Das'gupta, Ii.C., J.RA
. :-~. :- . -·- .·; -.CHAPTER- III DEVELOPMENT OF VERNACIJL,A_R ·,. (l\} Evoiution- of Script and Art- of writ:ing- ~i) Origin of Indian alphabets :- ·scholastic research is -not unanimous regarding - 1- the origin of Indian alphabets. Al-though some scholars have . -. opined that the Indian script _is an adaptation of . the foreign script, Dowson maintains that the ci rcumstanti.al evidences lead . - 2 us to the conclusion that the alpha'bets_ ,are. of__ Indian origin. It is now cormnonly ~agreed that_ Indian_ scri-pts originated from 3 Brahmi which had-been used ·since the vedic pe:tiod. But -the _scho- . - lars are yet to decipher- the prehistoric- pictoqraphs- in o"rde_r to 4 confirm whether the sale sc-ript v:as used in the- pre-vedic period • . - 1. (a) Buhler, J.G.,- Indian palaeography,pp.2,8-9. (b) 'Barnett, L. D. ,An t~qui ties of India, London, 1913, pp. 225 f_. (c) Keay,_ F.E., Iridian Educa~ion ~n An~ient ahd later times, 1938, p. 33. (d) Rhys Davids, T.W., Buddhi.stindia, 1903.- - p. 107. 2. ,Dowson, J.R.A.S., XIII, pp.102 f. 3. Buhler, op. cit., p.2. 4. (a) Hitra, P.,I.A., 1919, pp. 57-64. (b) Das'gupta, Ii.c.,_j.R.A;s.,19-2J, pp.210-22-2. ( ' 51 {ii) Origin of Assamese Alphabets :- The origin of the Assamese scripts cannot be view- ed separately from the Indian script. 1 As in the case·of Indian scri,ibt, the Assa.me·se script also originated from. Brahm! ~nd . ·Devanagari through successive stages until it reached its final . -
DEPARTMENT of ASSAMESE DIBRUGARH UNIVERSITY Course Structure of MA in Assamese Under Choice Based Credit System (CBCS)
1 DEPARTMENT OF ASSAMESE DIBRUGARH UNIVERSITY Course Structure of MA in Assamese under Choice Based Credit System (CBCS) Course Structure of MA in Assamese under Choice Based Credit System (CBCS) as approved by the Board of Studies in Assamese held on 20/03/2019 and the Academic Council in its meeting held on ………………… The Post Graduate Programme in Assamese shall be of four semesters covering two academic years. Students have to register themselves as per the prevailing CBCS guidelines of Dibrugarh University. 2 COMPLETE COURSE STRUCTURE M.A. in Assamese (CBCS), 2019 FIRST SEMESTER CORE Course No Title of the Paper Credit Teacher C1001 The Assamese Language : Background, Formation 4 SMC and Development C1002 Trend and Tendencies of Assamese Literature 4 JKB C1003 Literary Theory and Criticism (Eastern) 4 NKH DISCIPLINE SPECIFIC ELECTIVE (ANY ONE) D1001 Introduction to Linguistics 4 AK D1002 Sociology of Assamese Literature 4 NMB D1003 Introduction to Indian Literature 4 SK/NMB D1004 Varieties of Assamese Language 4 DK ABILITY ENHANCEMENT COURSE A1001 Spoken English 2 PB SECOND SEMESTER CORE Course No Title of the Paper Credit Teacher C2001 Studies on Culture of Assam 4 SB C2002 Structure of Assamese 4 DK C2003 Literary Theory and Criticism (Western) 4 PB DISCIPLINE SPECIFIC ELECTIVE (ANY ONE) D2001 Study of Assamese Drama 4 JKB D2002 Assamese Literature and Culture in New Media : 4 SMC Trend and Tendencies D2003 Sanskrit Literature 4 NKH D2004 Approaches to Linguistic Studies 4 SD GENERIC ELECTIVE (ANY ONE) G2001 Communicative Assamese -
A Contrastive Study Subasana Mahanta, Ph.D
================================================================ Language in India www.languageinindia.com ISSN 1930-2940 Vol. 15:6 June 2015 ================================================================ Brajāvalī Form of Early Assamese and Early Maithilī: A Contrastive Study Subasana Mahanta, Ph.D. =========================================================== Abstract The role of Brajāvalī diction in the languages used in medieval Indian Vaiṣṇava literature has been significant. This is not a language spoken in any region; it is a literary form comprising elements of various languages prevalent in different regions of Northern India --- Nepal, Orissa, Bengal and Assam were written in this form. However, regional differences of this form have also been evident. This paper is an attempt to make a contrastive study of Assamese Brajāvalī form and early Maithilī. The study shows that the differences are more than the similarities between early Maithilī and Assamese Brajāvalī. It arrives at a conclusion that Assamese Brajāvalī is a different language form than the early Maithili. Introduction The role of Brajāvalī diction in the languages used in medieval Indian Vaiṣṇava literature has been significant. This is not a language spoken in any region; it is a literary form comprising elements of various languages prevalent in different regions of Northern India --- Nepal, Orissa, Bengal and Assam were written in this form. However, regional differences of this form have also been evident1. This mixed diction and style used by the Vaiṣṇava Saints of Assam, Śaṅkardevadeva, Mādhavadeva and their follower in their lyrics and drama have been known as Brajāvalī. The basic structure of the Brajāvalī form prevalent in Assam was its own. This form as a medium of Vaiṣṇava literature has emerged through merger of the ancient Assamese form with the elements of Brajabuli or Braj-bhākhā, Khaḍibolī, Avadhī and Maithilī2. -
COTTON COLLEGE STATE UNIVERSITY Assamese Poetry
COTTON COLLEGE STATE UNIVERSITY DEPARTMENT OF ASSAMESE , UNDERGRADUATE SYLLABUS Semester – I Paper title ASM 101C History of Assamese Literature ASM 102C Origin & Development of Assamese Language and Script ASM 103C Cultural Heritage of Assam Semester – II ASM 201C Assamese Old Poetr y ASM 202C Early Assamese Prose ASM 203C Literary Criticism: Eastern & Western ASM 204 MIL Assamese Literature Semester – III ASM 301C Assamese Classical Drama (Ankia Nat) ASM 302C Assamese Metre & Figures of Speech ASM 303 C Brajabuli Padavali Semester- IV ASM 401C Assamese Language ASM 402C Literary trends: Classicism, Romanticism & Modernism ASM 403C General Linguistic Semester – V ASM 501C Assamese Romantic Poetry and Modern Poetry ASM 502C Assamese Modern Drama ASM 503C Assamese Grammar ASM 504 MIL in elective slot Assamese Poetry, Prose & Drama Semester –VI ASM 601C Pali, Prakrit: Language & Literature ASM 602C Indian Literature in Translation: Hindi, Bengali and Oriya ASM 603C Assamese Fictional Prose: Novel & Short Story ASM 604 MIL in elective slot Assamese Short Story, Novel and Essay Semester I Paper L +T + P Credit ASM101C 3.5+.5+0 4 ASM102C 3.5+.5+0 4 ASM103C 3.5 + .5+0 4 Paper : ASM101C History of Assamese Literature Lectures =56 Unit I : Oral literature: Introduction and characteristics Assamese Oral Literature, Caryapada [14 ] Unit II : Classical literature: its characteristics Assamese Classical Literature,(Pre - Sankari, Sankari & Post Sankari age) [14] (14 centaury—1845) Unit III : Missionary & Romantic literature: their characteristics. Assamese Missionary & Romantic Literature [14] (1846- 1939) Unit IV : Modern literature: its characteristics Assamese Modern Literature (1940- ) [14] Note • Teachers have to discuss the literary trends, tendencies, characteristics and elements from other sources in Assamese Literature from the beginning to the present time thoroughly. -
The Eka-Sarana Dharma of Sankaradeva
The Eka-sarana Dharma of Sankaradeva: The Greatest Expression of Assamese Spiritual Outlook Suniti Kumar Chatterji The greatest name in early Assamese literature is that of Sankaradeva, and he has left his stamp on Assamese literature and culture, on Assamese religion and way of life. He was a poet and saint, religious teacher and social reformer all in one, and his influence on Assamese life and literature is comparable to that of Tulasidasa for the people of the Upper Gangetic Valley (speakers of Braj and other Western Hindi, of Awadhi and other Kosali dialects, and even the Bhojpuri, Magadhi and Maithil speakers). Sankaradeva is said to have lived for the uncommon span of 120 years: Assamese tradition places his birth in the year 1449 A.D., and his death in 1568 A.D. (Similarly, another great saint and mystic and poet of Medieval India, Kabir, is said to have lived also for 120 years - 1398 to 1518 A.D.). He became a widower four years after his marriage in 1473 at the age of 23, and he had a daughter by this marriage whom he married off at proper age (His son-in-law was later beheaded by the order of a persecuting Ahom king). Then in 1483 A.D, in his 34th year, he started on a 12 years’ grand tour of all the holy places of Hindudom in North India. After having visited Puri, Gaya, Sitakunda (near Munger), Banaras, Prayaga or Allahabad, Ayodhya, Brindavan and Mathura, Dwaraka, Badarikasrama and Varahakunda (?), he returned home after 12 years and then married a second time. -
Semester-I C-1: History of Assamese Literature Total
Reduced UG Syllabus (Honours) Assamese, 2020 (1st 3rd and 5th Semester) Semester-I C-1: History of Assamese Literature Total Credit: 5+1=6 Unit -1: Assamese Oral Literature: Introduction, Concepts and Characteristics Mark -16 Unit-II: Assamese Classical Literature: Pre –Sankari, Sankari,and Post Sankari Age Mark-16 #Pre –Sankari Age: (Students are expected to read the characteristics of the literature of the age with special reference to the life and works of Haribar Bipra and Madhav Kandali) Sankari Age: With Special reference to the life and works of Srimanta Sankardeva and Madhaba Deva #Post –Sankari Age: (Students are expected to read the origin of Assamese Prose with special reference to the life and works of Bhatta Deva, Charita Sahitya and Buranji Sahitya Unit-III: Assamese Missionary Literature: (1836-1846) [Excluding A.K Garni] Mark-16 Unit-IV: Assamese Romantic Literature ( 1846-1940) Mark-16 Trimurty of jonaki, Raghunath Choudhury Nalinibala Devi, Abahan-Nagendra narayan Choudhury, Sarat Ch. Goswami, Lakshmidhar Sarma, Rajanikanta Bardaloi, Padmanath Gohain Baruah Unit-V: Post war Assamese Literature Since 1940-1960’s Mark-16 Reference: Satyendra Nath Sarma: Asamiya Sahityar Samikhatmak Itibritta Maheswar Neog : Asamiya Sahityar Ruprekha Hemanta Kr .Sarma : Asamiya Sahityat Dristipat ABILAC : Sivanath Barman (ed) Asmiya Sahityar Buranji Part-II: Homen Borgohain( ed) Asmiya Sahityar Buranji Part-IV C-2: History of Assamese Language Total Credit: 5+1=6 Unit-I: Origin and Development of Assamese Language 5th Century-13 Century) Mark-16 Unit –II: Early Assamese Language (13th Century-16th Century) Mark- 16 (Purani Asamiya Bhasa) Vaishnav Sahitya, Pachali Sahitya# Madhab Kandali, Sankardev, Bhattadev, Narayandev, Durgabar Unit-III: Medieval Assamese Language (17th Century-1800 AD) ( Madhyajugar Asamiya Bhasa) Charit Puthi, Buranji sahitya Mark-16 Unit-IV: Modern Assamese Language of Missionary Period ( 1800AD-1850AD) (Arunodai jugar Bhasa) Mark-16 Unit-V: Modern Assamese Language (AdhuniK Asamiya Bhasa) Post Arunodoi to 1850 Mark -16 Reference: B. -
Himalayan Linguistics Possessive Indexes in Assamese
Himalayan Linguistics Possessive indexes in Assamese Gitanjali Bez Gauhati University ABSTRACT This paper deals with a comprehensive description of a set of possessive indexes found in Assamese, a language spoken in the eastern part of India, by a majority of people living in the state of Assam. Genetically, this language belongs to the group of Indo-Aryan languages and shares a close affinity with Bengali and Oriya languages due to their common source of origin. The possessive indexes of the language are found to be suffixed to the possessed noun in possessive constructions (Possessive NPs)) in terms of the category of person. Cross-linguistically, it is not very uncommon to find this kind of markers in possessive NPs (Siewierska 2004). But what makes Assamese interesting in this respect is that the set of markers found in Assamese is not derived from pronominal forms as attested in many languages of the world. Furthermore, the existence of possessive markers is an unusual phenomenon in Assamese in that it is neither common in NIA languages nor in South Asian languages (Paudyal 2008). Apart from a few geographically distant languages of Indo-Aryan origin, these markers are not available in any other Indo-Aryan languages which are close to Assamese, either geographically or genetically. Thus, this paper focuses on four aspects: a comprehensive description of the markers as stated above, a survey of the markers in other Indo-Aryan languages, the historical origin of the markers, and the origin of the system of marking. KEYWORDS Possessive indexes, cross-indexes, Person, Darai, Majhi, Austric languages, Santhali, Tibeto-Burman languages This is a contribution from Himalayan Linguistics, Vol. -
The Neo-Vaishnavite Movement of Assam Unit 7
GHT S6 02(M) Exam Codes: HTM6B CULTURAL HISTORY OF ASSAM SEMESTER - VI HISTORY BLOCK - 2 KRISHNA KANTA HANDIQUI STATE OPEN UNIVERSITY Subject Expert 1. Dr. Sunil Pravan Baruah, Retd. Principal, B.Barooah College, Guwahati 2. Dr. Gajendra Adhikari, Principal, D.K.Girls’ College, Mirza 3. Dr. Maushumi Dutta Pathak, HOD, History, Arya Vidyapeeth College, Guwahati Course Co-ordinator : Dr. Priti Salila Rajkhowa, Asst. Prof. (KKHSOU) SLM Preparation Team UNITS CONTRIBUTORS 7 Dr. Priti Salila Rajkhowa, KKHSOU 8 Dr. Mridutpal Goswami, Dudhnoi College 9 &11 Muktar Rahman Saikia, St. Jhon College, Dimapur, Nagaland 10 Dr Sukmaya Lama, KKHSOU 12 Niharika Buragohain, Department of Man communication, Sikkim University & Dr Priti Salila Rajkhowa. Editorial Team Content Editing: Dr Moushumi Dutta Pathak, Department of History, SArya Vidyapeeth College Dr. Priti Salila Rajkhowa, Department of History, KKHSOU Structure, Format & Graphics : Dr. Priti Salila Rajkhowa, KKHSOU December , 2019 © Krishna Kanta Handiqui State Open University. This Self Learning Material (SLM) of the Krishna Kanta Handiqui State Open University is made available under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike4.0 License (international): http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/ Printed and published by Registrar on behalf of the Krishna Kanta Handiqui State Open University. Head Office : Patgaon, Rani Gate, Guwahati-781017 City Office : Housefed Complex, Dispur, Guwahati-781 006; Web: www.kkhsou.in The University acknowledges with thanks the financial support -
Chapter-Iii Review of Related Literature
CHAPTER-III REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE CHAPTER-III REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE Introduction The present chapter embodies a brief review of the researches done in the area related to this investigation. An intensive review of existing literature on the subject is an important step in any research endeavour. Today, review of related literature has been identified as a valuable guide in defining the problem, recognising its significance, avoiding unintentional duplication of well established findings, better understanding of research methodology, suggesting promising data gathering devices, appropriate study design and sources of data. It also helps to know the recommendation of the previous researchers listed in their studies for further research. The researcher has visited Omeo Kumar Das Institute of Social Change and Development, Guwahati; SCERT Kahilipara, Guwahati; Library, Guwahati University; Srimanta Sankardeva Kalakhetra, Guwahati; District Library, Guwahati for searching the review of literature. The researcher has relied on a number of secondary sources in the form of books, journals, periodicals, articles, English and vernacular magazines, dissertations and theses. Firstly, the investigator would like to refer the names of theses, which have given the researcher to put things in a historical analytical perspective as well as a conceptual frame work for the purpose of study of the researcher. Review of research studies on Sankardeva Neog, M. (1965), conducted a study on ―Sankardeva and His Times: Early History of the Vaisnava Faith and Movement in Assam‘‘ with a view to study the history of spread of neo-vaishnavism in Assam. Here the investigator gave a very detailed survey of Sankardeva with a full account of his background and a resume and appraisement of his work. -
Assamese Case Alignment Shifts in Progress
Assamese Case Alignment Shifts in Progress Pori Saikia Maris Camilleri University of Essex University of Essex Proceedings of the LFG’19 Conference Australian National University Miriam Butt, Tracy Holloway King, Ida Toivonen (Editors) 2019 CSLI Publications pages 251–271 http://csli-publications.stanford.edu/LFG/2019 Keywords: Indo-Aryan languages, split ergative, differential case marking, lan- guage change Saikia, Pori, & Camilleri, Maris. 2019. Assamese Case Alignment Shifts in Progress. In Butt, Miriam, King, Tracy Holloway, & Toivonen, Ida (Eds.), Pro- ceedings of the LFG’19 Conference, Australian National University, 251–271. Stanford, CA: CSLI Publications. Abstract This paper looks at case alignment in Assamese from both a synchronic and diachronic point of view. We take the task of tracing the development of the ergative case marker from the language’s proto-period, and see how it evolved. This study, for the first time, provides a comparison of adult and child language data. Beyond the account of Assamese as a split erga- tive language, our study’s results show that the semantic factor guiding this split is changing. From an ergative system based on split intransitivity de- termined by agentivity, thus realizing a split between unergative and unac- cusative SUBJs, ERG marking is emerging on the ANIMATE subjects of unac- cusatives. Interestingly, we also find that there are already traces of evidence of Assamese having had possibly the onset of an ANIMACY-based subject marking distinction in its proto-period. 1 Introduction In this paper we determine that Assamese, an Indo-Aryan language spoken by 14 million native speakers in the northeastern state of Assam in India, is showing signs of change in its morphosyntax.