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Targets, Tactics, and Cooperation in the Play Fighting of Two Genera of Old World Monkeys (Mandrillus and Papio): Accounting for Similarities and Differences
2019, 32 Heather M. Hill Editor Peer-reviewed Targets, Tactics, and Cooperation in the Play Fighting of Two Genera of Old World Monkeys (Mandrillus and Papio): Accounting for Similarities and Differences Kelly L. Kraus1, Vivien C. Pellis1, and Sergio M. Pellis1 1 Department of Neuroscience, University of Lethbridge, Canada Play fighting in many species involves partners competing to bite one another while avoiding being bitten. Species can differ in the body targets that are bitten and the tactics used to attack and defend those targets. However, even closely related species that attack and defend the same body target using the same tactics can differ markedly in how much the competitiveness of such interactions is mitigated by cooperation. A degree of cooperation is necessary to ensure that some turn-taking between the roles of attacker and defender occurs, as this is critical in preventing play fighting from escalating into serious fighting. In the present study, the dyadic play fighting of captive troops of 4 closely related species of Old World monkeys, 2 each from 2 genera of Papio and Mandrillus, was analyzed. All 4 species have a comparable social organization, are large bodied with considerable sexual dimorphism, and are mostly terrestrial. In all species, the target of biting is the same – the area encompassing the upper arm, shoulder, and side of the neck – and they have the same tactics of attack and defense. However, the Papio species exhibit more cooperation in their play than do the Mandrillus species, with the former using tactics that make biting easier to attain and that facilitate close bodily contact. -
Revealing the Immune Perturbation of Black Phosphorus Nanomaterials to Macrophages by Understanding the Protein Corona
ARTICLE DOI: 10.1038/s41467-018-04873-7 OPEN Revealing the immune perturbation of black phosphorus nanomaterials to macrophages by understanding the protein corona Jianbin Mo 1,2, Qingyun Xie3, Wei Wei 1,2 & Jing Zhao 1 The increasing number of biological applications for black phosphorus (BP) nanomaterials has precipitated considerable concern about their interactions with physiological systems. 1234567890():,; Here we demonstrate the adsorption of plasma protein onto BP nanomaterials and the subsequent immune perturbation effect on macrophages. Using liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry, 75.8% of the proteins bound to BP quantum dots were immune relevant proteins, while that percentage for BP nanosheet–corona complexes is 69.9%. In particular, the protein corona dramatically reshapes BP nanomaterial–corona complexes, influenced cellular uptake, activated the NF-κB pathway and even increased cytokine secretion by 2–4-fold. BP nanomaterials induce immunotoxicity and immune per- turbation in macrophages in the presence of a plasma corona. These findings offer important insights into the development of safe and effective BP nanomaterial-based therapies. 1 State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry, Institute of Chemistry and BioMedical Sciences, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China. 2 State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China. 3 Department of Orthopedics, Chengdu Military General Hospital, Chengdu -
The Taxonomy of Primates in the Laboratory Context
P0800261_01 7/14/05 8:00 AM Page 3 C HAPTER 1 The Taxonomy of Primates T HE T in the Laboratory Context AXONOMY OF P Colin Groves RIMATES School of Archaeology and Anthropology, Australian National University, Canberra, ACT 0200, Australia 3 What are species? D Taxonomy: EFINITION OF THE The biological Organizing nature species concept Taxonomy means classifying organisms. It is nowadays commonly used as a synonym for systematics, though Disagreement as to what precisely constitutes a species P strictly speaking systematics is a much broader sphere is to be expected, given that the concept serves so many RIMATE of interest – interrelationships, and biodiversity. At the functions (Vane-Wright, 1992). We may be interested basis of taxonomy lies that much-debated concept, the in classification as such, or in the evolutionary implica- species. tions of species; in the theory of species, or in simply M ODEL Because there is so much misunderstanding about how to recognize them; or in their reproductive, phys- what a species is, it is necessary to give some space to iological, or husbandry status. discussion of the concept. The importance of what we Most non-specialists probably have some vague mean by the word “species” goes way beyond taxonomy idea that species are defined by not interbreeding with as such: it affects such diverse fields as genetics, biogeog- each other; usually, that hybrids between different species raphy, population biology, ecology, ethology, and bio- are sterile, or that they are incapable of hybridizing at diversity; in an era in which threats to the natural all. Such an impression ultimately derives from the def- world and its biodiversity are accelerating, it affects inition by Mayr (1940), whereby species are “groups of conservation strategies (Rojas, 1992). -
Pastports, Vol. 3, No. 8 (August 2010). News and Tips from the Special Collections Department, St. Louis County Library
NEWS AND TIPS FROM THE ST. LOUIS COUNTY LIBRARY SPECIAL COLLECTIONS DEPARTMENT VOL. 3, No. 8—AUGUST 2010 PastPorts is a monthly publication of the Special Collections Department FOR THE RECORDS located on Tier 5 at the St. Louis County Library Ortssippenbücher and other locale–specific Headquarters, 1640 S. Lindbergh in St. Louis sources are rich in genealogical data County, across the street Numerous rich sources for German genealogy are published in German-speaking from Plaza Frontenac. countries. Chief among them are Ortssippenbücher (OSBs), also known as Ortsfamilienbücher, Familienbücher, Dorfsippenbücher and Sippenbücher. CONTACT US Literally translated, these terms mean “local clan books” (Sippe means “clan”) or To subscribe, unsubscribe, “family books.” OSBs are the published results of indexing and abstracting change email addresses, projects usually done by genealogical and historical societies. make a comment or ask An OSB focuses on a local village or grouping of villages within an ecclesiastical a question, contact the parish or administrative district. Genealogical information is abstracted from local Department as follows: church and civil records and commonly presented as one might find on a family group sheet. Compilers usually assign a unique numerical code to each individual BY MAIL for cross–referencing purposes (OSBs for neighboring communities can also reference each other). Genealogical information usually follows a standard format 1640 S. Lindbergh Blvd. using common symbols and abbreviations, making it possible to decipher entries St. Louis, MO 63131 without an extensive knowledge of German. A list of symbols and abbreviations used in OSBs and other German genealogical sources is on page 10. BY PHONE 314–994–3300, ext. -
Arxiv:2011.06772V5 [Cs.GT] 19 May 2021
Memory-two zero-determinant strategies in repeated games 1 rsos.royalsocietypublishing.org Masahiko Ueda 1Graduate School of Sciences and Technology for Research Innovation, Yamaguchi University, Yamaguchi 753-8511, Japan Article submitted to journal Repeated games have provided an explanation how mutual cooperation can be achieved even if defection is more favorable in a one-shot game in prisoner’s Subject Areas: dilemma situation. Recently found zero-determinant Game theory strategies have substantially been investigated in evolutionary game theory. The original memory-one Keywords: zero-determinant strategies unilaterally enforce linear Repeated games, Zero-determinant relations between average payoffs of players. Here, we strategies, memory-n strategies extend the concept of zero-determinant strategies to memory-two strategies in repeated games. Memory- two zero-determinant strategies unilaterally enforce Author for correspondence: linear relations between correlation functions of Masahiko Ueda payoffs and payoffs at the previous round. Examples e-mail: [email protected] of memory-two zero-determinant strategy in the repeated prisoner’s dilemma game are provided, some of which generalize the Tit-for-Tat strategy to memory-two case. Extension of zero-determinant strategies to memory-n case with n ≥ 2 is also straightforward. arXiv:2011.06772v5 [cs.GT] 19 May 2021 © 2014 The Authors. Published by the Royal Society under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License http://creativecommons.org/licenses/ by/4.0/, which permits unrestricted use, provided the original author and source are credited. 1. Introduction 2 Repeated games offer a framework explaining forward-looking behaviors and reciprocity of rsos.royalsocietypublishing.org R. Soc. -
Department of Biology (Pdf)
Department of Biology 26 Summary The Department of Biology at the University of Louisiana at Lafayette took its current form in the late 1980s, with the merger of the Biology and Microbiology Departments. In Spring of 2019, the department has 28 professorial faculty members, 6 emeritus faculty members, and 7 instructors. Almost all professorial faculty members are active in research and serve as graduate faculty. Our graduate programs are also supported by 8 adjunct faculty members; their affiliations include the United States Geological Survey, the National Oceanographic and Atmospheric Administration, and the Smithsonian Institution. In this report, we summarize research accomplishments of our departmental faculty since 2013. The report is focused on our research strengths; however, faculty members have also been awarded considerable honors and funding for educational activities. We also briefly summarize the growth and size of our degree programs. Grant Productivity From 2013 through 2018, the Department of Biology has secured over 16 million dollars of new research funding (the total number of dollars associated with these grants, which are often multi- institutional, is considerably higher). Publications The faculty has a strong record of publication, with 279 papers published in peer-reviewed journals in the last 5 years. An additional 30 papers were published in conference proceedings or other edited volumes. Other Accomplishments Other notable accomplishments between 2013 and 2018 include faculty authorship of five books and edited volumes. Faculty members have served as editors, associate editors, or editorial board members for 21 different journals or as members of 34 society boards or grant review panels. They presented 107 of presentations as keynote addresses or invited seminars. -
Patterns of Cranial Shape Variation in the Papionini (Primates
Michelle Singleton Patterns of cranial shape variation in the Department of Anatomy, Papionini (Primates: Cercopithecinae) Midwestern University, 555 31st Street, Downers Grove, Traditional classifications of the Old World monkey tribe Papionini Illinois 60515, U.S.A. (Primates: Cercopithecinae) recognized the mangabey genera E-mail: Cercocebus and Lophocebus as sister taxa. However, molecular studies [email protected] have consistently found the mangabeys to be diphyletic, with Cercocebus and Mandrillus forming a clade to the exclusion of all other Received 10 January 2001 papionins. Recent studies have identified cranial and postcranial Revision received features which distinguish the Cercocebus–Mandrillus clade, however 26 October 2001 and the detailed similarities in cranial shape between the mangabey accepted 12 December 2001 genera are more difficult to reconcile with the molecular evidence. ff Keywords: Papionini, Given the large size di erential between members of the papionin molecular clades, it has frequently been suggested that allometric mangabey diphyly, cranial ff homoplasy, allometry, e ects account for homoplasy in papionin cranial form. A combina- geometric morphometrics. tion of geometric morphometric, bivariate, and multivariate methods was used to evaluate the hypothesis that allometric scaling contributes to craniofacial similarities between like-sized papionin taxa. Patterns of allometric and size-independent cranial shape variation were subsequently described and related to known papionin phylogenetic relationships and patterns of development. Results confirm that allometric scaling of craniofacial shape characterized by positive facial allometry and negative neurocranial allometry is present across adult papionins. Pairwise comparisons of regression lines among genera revealed considerable homogeneity of scaling within the Papionini, however statistically significant differ- ences in regression lines also were noted. -
Ultra-Efficient Frequency Comb Generation in Algaas-On-Insulator
ARTICLE https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-020-15005-5 OPEN Ultra-efficient frequency comb generation in AlGaAs-on-insulator microresonators ✉ Lin Chang1,7, Weiqiang Xie1,7 , Haowen Shu1,2,7, Qi-Fan Yang 3, Boqiang Shen 3, Andreas Boes 1,4, Jon D. Peters1, Warren Jin1, Chao Xiang1, Songtao Liu 1, Gregory Moille5, Su-Peng Yu6, Xingjun Wang2, ✉ Kartik Srinivasan 5, Scott B. Papp 6, Kerry Vahala 3 & John E. Bowers1 Recent advances in nonlinear optics have revolutionized integrated photonics, providing on- 1234567890():,; chip solutions to a wide range of new applications. Currently, state of the art integrated nonlinear photonic devices are mainly based on dielectric material platforms, such as Si3N4 and SiO2. While semiconductor materials feature much higher nonlinear coefficients and convenience in active integration, they have suffered from high waveguide losses that prevent the realization of efficient nonlinear processes on-chip. Here, we challenge this status quo and demonstrate a low loss AlGaAs-on-insulator platform with anomalous dispersion and quality (Q) factors beyond 1.5 × 106. Such a high quality factor, combined with high nonlinear coefficient and small mode volume, enabled us to demonstrate a Kerr frequency comb threshold of only ∼36 µW in a resonator with a 1 THz free spectral range, ∼100 times lower compared to that in previous semiconductor platforms. Moreover, combs with broad spans (>250 nm) have been generated with a pump power of ∼300 µW, which is lower than the threshold power of state-of the-art dielectric micro combs. A soliton-step transition has also been observed for the first time in an AlGaAs resonator. -
THE OA EFFECT: HOW DOES OPEN ACCESS AFFECT the USAGE of SCHOLARLY BOOKS? White Paper
springernature.com Illustration inspired by the work of Jean-Claude Bradley Open Research THE OA EFFECT: HOW DOES OPEN ACCESS AFFECT THE USAGE OF SCHOLARLY BOOKS? White paper Open Research: Journals, books, data and tools from: 2 The OA effect: How does open access affect the usage of scholarly books? springernature.com Contents Authors Foreword . 3 Christina Emery, Mithu Lucraft, Executive summary . 4 Agata Morka, Ros Pyne Introduction . 5 November 2017 Part 1: Quantitative findings . 6 Summary . 6 Downloads . 7 Citations and mentions . 11 Part 2: Qualitative findings . 13 Summary . 13 Reasons for publishing open access . 14 Experience of publishing open access . 15 The future of open access . 16 Discussion . 18 Conclusion and recommendations . 20 Acknowledgements . 22 Contacts . 23 About Springer Nature and OA books . 24 Appendices . 26 Appendix 1: Definitions and limitations . 26 Appendix 2: Methodology . 27 Appendix 3: Top 10 downloaded books . 29 Appendix 4: Interviewed authors and funders . 30 Appendix 5: Author questionnaire . 32 Appendix 6: Funder questionnaire . 33 Appendix 7: References . 34 This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution International License (CC BY 4.0) The OA effect: How does open access affect the usage of scholarly books? springernature.com 3 Foreword Springer Nature was created in 2015, but from our earliest days as Springer, Palgrave Macmillan and Nature, we have been publishing monographs and long-form research for some 175 years. The changing environment for book publishing has created both opportunities and challenges for researchers and their funders, for publishers, and for the wider community of readers and educators. As a publisher, we have championed new models of scholarship, introducing ebooks in 2006, and our first open access (OA) book in 2011. -
Mandrillus Leucophaeus Poensis)
Ecology and Behavior of the Bioko Island Drill (Mandrillus leucophaeus poensis) A Thesis Submitted to the Faculty of Drexel University by Jacob Robert Owens in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy December 2013 i © Copyright 2013 Jacob Robert Owens. All Rights Reserved ii Dedications To my wife, Jen. iii Acknowledgments The research presented herein was made possible by the financial support provided by Primate Conservation Inc., ExxonMobil Foundation, Mobil Equatorial Guinea, Inc., Margo Marsh Biodiversity Fund, and the Los Angeles Zoo. I would also like to express my gratitude to Dr. Teck-Kah Lim and the Drexel University Office of Graduate Studies for the Dissertation Fellowship and the invaluable time it provided me during the writing process. I thank the Government of Equatorial Guinea, the Ministry of Fisheries and the Environment, Ministry of Information, Press, and Radio, and the Ministry of Culture and Tourism for the opportunity to work and live in one of the most beautiful and unique places in the world. I am grateful to the faculty and staff of the National University of Equatorial Guinea who helped me navigate the geographic and bureaucratic landscape of Bioko Island. I would especially like to thank Jose Manuel Esara Echube, Claudio Posa Bohome, Maximilliano Fero Meñe, Eusebio Ondo Nguema, and Mariano Obama Bibang. The journey to my Ph.D. has been considerably more taxing than I expected, and I would not have been able to complete it without the assistance of an expansive list of people. I would like to thank all of you who have helped me through this process, many of whom I lack the space to do so specifically here. -
Core Competencies for Scientific Editors Of
Moher et al. BMC Medicine (2017) 15:167 DOI 10.1186/s12916-017-0927-0 CORRESPONDENCE Open Access Core competencies for scientific editors of biomedical journals: consensus statement David Moher1,2* , James Galipeau3, Sabina Alam4, Virginia Barbour5, Kidist Bartolomeos6, Patricia Baskin7,8, Sally Bell-Syer9,10, Kelly D. Cobey1,2,11, Leighton Chan12, Jocalyn Clark13, Jonathan Deeks14, Annette Flanagin15, Paul Garner16, Anne-Marie Glenny17, Trish Groves18, Kurinchi Gurusamy19, Farrokh Habibzadeh20,21,22, Stefanie Jewell-Thomas23, Diane Kelsall24, José Florencio Lapeña Jr22,25,26,27, Harriet MacLehose28, Ana Marusic29,30, Joanne E. McKenzie31, Jay Shah32,33,34, Larissa Shamseer1,2, Sharon Straus35, Peter Tugwell2,36,37, Elizabeth Wager38,39, Margaret Winker22 and Getu Zhaori40 Abstract Background: Scientific editors are responsible for deciding which articles to publish in their journals. However, we have not found documentation of their required knowledge, skills, and characteristics, or the existence of any formal core competencies for this role. Methods: We describe the development of a minimum set of core competencies for scientific editors of biomedical journals. Results: The 14 key core competencies are divided into three major areas, and each competency has a list of associated elements or descriptions of more specific knowledge, skills, and characteristics that contribute to its fulfillment. Conclusions: We believe that these core competencies are a baseline of the knowledge, skills, and characteristics needed to perform competently the duties of a scientific editor at a biomedical journal. Keywords: Core competencies, Scientific editor, Biomedical journal, Delphi, Expert consensus, Editor role Introduction and in guidance for members of editor organizations Scientific editors (editors are responsible for the content [3–8]. -
Scientific Data
Author: Amye Kenall, Associate Publisher, BioMed Central *For internal use only Open Data Research data: from journal policy to practice “[O]pen access to raw data will go the same way as open access to published papers…It would not be a surprise if, in a decade’s time, funders finally get tired of paying for data that researchers keep As part of a SpringerNature-wide project, we aim to provide consistent data policies and services to every journal. to themselves…we should fully expect funders to demand that grantees share data” Why? y At least 28 research funders globally have policies or mandates Andrew J Vickers, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center y Improving author service by standardizing research www.bmj.com/content/342/bmj.d2323 (2011) that require data archiving as a condition of grants, including: data policies and procedures and increasing the y National Science Foundation (NSF) visibility and connectivity of their articles and data y National Institutes of Health (NIH) y Improving editor and peer reviewer service with What do we plan to provide and when? y Wellcome Trust better guidelines and support for data policies, and visibility of data in the peer-review process y A research data policy for every relevant publication (journals, books, proceedings) y Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation y Improving reader service with more consistent y Begin by developing 4 standardized data policies y Sharing data is good for research—and researchers and useful links to data y First groups of journals to introduce standard policy in