1962 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD- HOUSE 18659 shell. A free mru·ket in credit cannot exist the needs of a fast-expanding population 2. Economically, also, Uncle Sam needs to when one party to the transaction doesn't and promote progress; to create the jobs for adopt a more realistic policy based upon a know the full sale price. U.S. workers; and to support a mighty philosophy of "pay as you go"-not "go in defense. debt as you go." THE NATIONAL ECONOMIC PICTURE 3. The Nation also needs a reform of its tax system. With skyrocketing costs of Major U.S. Economic Goals Nationally, the economic picture reflects Government-particularly for defense-there gigantic-almost incomprehensibl«r-prog is a special need for fair and equitable treat ress. Currently, the value of goods and serv ment of the taxpayer. EXTENSION OF REMARKS ices amounts to about $552 billion annually. Generally, patriotic citizens are ready Despite such progress, we recognize that OF and willing to pay taxes; however, they are there are still serious problems in our system. not willing, and should not be required, HON. ALEXANDER WILEY The challenges include the following: Im to pay for reckless spending; mishandling of proving economic opportunities for success funds; unfavorable tax treatment of them OF WISCONSIN in small business-with a casualty rate of selves, or too favorable tax treatment of IN THE SENATE OF THE UNITED STATES over 17,000 annually; improving the agri others; or other inequitable practices that cultural economy; creating jobs for the 4 foist an unfair share of the tax burden Wednesday, September 5, 1962 million-including 60,000 in Wisconsin on any individual, business or other segment still regrettably unemployed; and maintain Mr. WILEY. Mr. President, as ana of the economy. ing a good rate of progress to meet the needs For the future we need also to accomplish tion in a world of great need and greater of our peopl«r-and to further outstrip the the following: challenge we are dependent upon our Communist system-challenging us on the 1. Better educating our citizens-adult and free enterprise system to provide us with economic front. in school-of the significance, and wo:-king the goods, materials, and equipment to In evaluating the national economic pic principles of our economic system. meet the needs of a fast-expanding pop ture, we must always remember that free 2. Encouraging more people, not only to ulation and promote progress, to create enterprisEr-not the Government, despite a understand and appreciate, but also con the jobs for U.S. workers, and to support $93 billion Federal budget-creates the fidently invest in enterprise, small and "giant's share" of U.S. jobs and goods and large, serving as a hub of economic life for a mighty defense. services. a community. In a weekend broadcast over Wiscon In reality, Government spending is not a 3. Encouraging community support of sin radio stations, I was privileged to measuring stick of progress. To the extent community development programs, such as review major challenges confronting our that it involves participation in normally the establishment of corporations to provide free enterprise system. I ask unanimous nongovernmental economic-human welfare financing for necessary projects. consent to have the text of this address programs, rather, this represents a failure 4. Cooperative efforts to foster new enter printed in the RECORD. of our system to fulfill needs of the people prises under the area redevelopment pro and the country. gram, now beginning to get underway in There being no objection, the excerpts Wisconsin and elsewhere. were ordered to be printed in the RECORD, To help promote greater progress, then, we should shoot for the following goals: 5. By reawakening our citizens' enter prising spirit full of faith and confidence, as follows: 1. Reestablishing confidence of the people MAJOR U.S. ECONOMIC GOALS to improve the economic status of existing, in our economy. Lack of such confidence and creating new, enterprises for a strong, A13 a nation-in a world of great need and results in restrictive buying, overcautious free economy. greater challengEr-we are dependent upon investing, limited business and industries ex For security and for progress and peace our free enterprise system to provide us with pansion by job creating enterprises; and we need, then, to maintain a sound, strong the goods, materials and equipment to meet other economic "holdbacks." and vigorous economy.
MESSAGE FROM THE PRESIDENT H.R. 10651. An act to amend title 28, HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES United St~tes Code, with respect to fees of A message in writing from the Presi U.S. marshals, and for other purp9ses; THURSDAY, SEPTEMBER 6, 1962 dent of the United States was communi H.R. 11040. An act to provide for the estab cated to the House by Mr. Ratchford, lishment, ownership, operation, and regula The House met at 12 o'clock noon. one of his secretaries, who also informed tion of a commercial communications satel The Chaplain, Rev. Bernard Braskamp, the House that on the following dates lite system, and for other purposes; and D.D., offered the following prayer: the President approved and signed bills H.J. Res. 864. Joint resolution making continuing appropriations for the fiscal year I Thessalonians 4: 9: But as touching and a joint resolution of the House of 1963, and for other purposes. brotherly love, ye z:ourselves are taught the following titles: On September 5, 1962: of God to love one another. On August 28, 1962: H .R. 2446. An act to provide that hy Almighty God, whose all-encircling H.R. 3728. An act to amend chapter 11 of draulic brake :fluid sold or shipped in com love and providence are boundless, in title 38, United States Code, to authorize merce for use in motor vehicles shall meet spire us always to think and act in terms special consideration for certain disabled certain specifications prescribed by the Sec veterans suffering blindness or bilateral kid retary of Commerce; of the common good of humanity. ney involvement; and H.R. 3801. An act to authorize the Secre We earnestly beseech Thee to expand H.R. 8564. An act to amend the Federal tary of the Army and the Secretary of Agri and enlarge our minds and hearts with Employees' Group Life Insurance Act of culture to make joint investigations and sur a greater concern for the health and 1954 to provide for escheat of amounts of veys of watershed areas for flood prevention happiness of all mankind. insurance to the insurance fund under such or the conservation, development, utilization, Grant that our groping souls may look act in the absence of any claim for payment, and disposal of water, and for :flood control and move forward to the dawning of that and for other purposes. and allied purposes, and to prepare joint blessed day when man's aspiration and On August 29, 1962: reports on such investigations and surveys ambition shall be free from all provincial l!.R. 11523. An act to authorize the em for submission to the Congress, and for other ployment without compensation from the purposes; narrowness and sectarian antipathies. Government of readers for blind Government H.R. 6984. An act to provide for a method May we be emancipated from every employees, and for other purposes. of payment of indirect costs of research and thing that mars and limits the spirit of On August 30, 1962: development contracted by the Federal Gov friendship and fraternity among the H.R. 11721. An act to authorize the pay ernment at universities, colleges, and other members of the human family. ment of the balance of awards for war dam educational institutions; Hear us in His name who taught us age compensation made by the Philippine H.R. 7736. An act to amend the act of May that the principle of our religion must War Damage Commission under the terms 13, 1960 (Private Law 86-286); of the Philippine Rehabilitation Act of H.R. 10263. An act to authorize the Secre be the fatherhood of God and our prac tary of the Air Force to adjust the legisla tice the brotherhood of man. Amen. April 30, 1946, and to authorize the appropri tive jurisdiction exercised by the United ation of $73 mlllion for that purpose. States over lands ·within Eglin Air Force On August 31, 1962: Base, Fla.; THE JOURNAL H.R. 8730. An act for the relief of Sister H.R.10825. An act to repeal the act of Mary Alphonsa (Elena Bruno) and Sister August 4, 1959 (73 Stat. 280); The Journal of the proceedings of Mary Attilia (Filipa Todaro); H.R. 11251. An act to authorize the Secre Tuesday, September 4, 1~62, was read H.R. 9915. An act for the relief of Um tary of the Army to relinquish to the State and approved. berto Brezza; of New Jersey jurisdiction over any lands .18660 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD- HOUSE September 6 within the Fort Hancock Military Reserva ried an article reporting that the Soviet of the Soviet interplanetary series. A park tion; Union failed in an attempt to successfully ing orbit technique is consistently exploited, H .R. 11310. An act to amend section 3515 send a space vehicle to Venus on August 25, whereby the first three stages attempt to of the Revised Statutes to eliminate tin in 1962; (2) on August 30, 1962, Dr. L. I. Sedov, launch the payload into a low earth satellite the alloy of the 1-cent piece; and a leading Soviet space expert was interviewed orbit as in the U.S. Mariner program. After H.R. 12081. An act to authorize the Secre by a professor of Tokyo University. The one passage around the earth, the fourth or t ary of the Army to convey certain land and question was asked: "Since the Soviet Union ejection stage is fired over Africa. If suc easement interests at Hunter-Liggett Mili has never made an advance announcement cessful, this sends the instrumented probe tary Reservation for construction of the San of launchings, some people suspect that. on a ballistic path to the planets. Ha,d the Antonio Dam and Reservoir project in ex there have been unsuccessful launchings in launching been successful in each of the change for other property. the past; would you tell me the truth, say, six cases listed below, the probe would have On September 6, 1962: confidentially?" Sedov: "The Soviet Union arrived at Venus or Mars with too high a H.R. 1458. An act for the relief of Lee makes an announcement as soon as a rocket velocity to have been orbited around either Dock On; and is launched. There is no substantial dif planet. Optimum conditions were chosen H.R. 7638. An act for the relief of Kim ference between the Soviet Union and the for each launching attempted thus far so Hyung In Comstock. United States in the way of announcement. as to simplify the task of either guidance If there is any failure, it must be known to or performance-or both. the world." "1. October 10, 1960: An unannounced at MESSAGE FROM THE SENATE It is our clear understanding that the tempt to s'end a probe to Mars failed before Soviet Union does not announce all of its a parking orbit was achieved. Had this A message from the Senate by Mr. shots and therefore Dr. Sedov's answer ap probe been successful, it would have reached McGown, one of its clerks, announced pears to be in conflict with the information Mars in about 230 days. that the Senate had passed without in our possession. Dr. Sedov's statement "2. October 14, 1960: A second attempt amendment concurrent resolutions of and the report of the Venus shot failure are to send a probe to Mars using virtually the the House of the following titles: so patently at variance that we feel it is same t rajectory also failed before a parking H . Con. Res. 518. Concurrent resolution ex important that if the U.S. Govern orbit was achieved. pressing sympathy for the victims of the re ment possesses any information relative to "3. February 4, 1961: The first attempt cent earthquake in Iran; and unsuccessful attempts by the Soviet Union to send a spacecraft to Venus was success H. Con. Res. 519. Concurrent resolution re to launch a spacecraft to Venus, or other fully placed in its Earth parking orbit, but questing the President to return to the planetary probes, that this information could not be ejected into its planned Venus House the bill (H.R. 10062) extending the should be made available to our committees trajectory. The Soviet Union announced application of certain laws to American an d to the American people. the launching as a successful earth satel Samoa. The world must of necessity admire the lite Sputnik VII and claimed for it a new remarkable achievements of the Soviet Union weight in orbit record of 14,300 pounds. Had in the field of space. A shadow is thrown this probe been successfully ejected, it would DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE over the entire space effort through their h ave taken about 105 days to reach Venus. APPROPRIATION BILL, 1963 refusal to admit to failures. The United "4. February 12, 1961: A partially suc States is not without its failures, but we op cessful attempt to send a 1,400-pound space Mr. WHITTEN. Mr. Speaker, I ask erate in a free society and our failures, as craft to Venus was made on this date. All unanimous consent to take from the well as our successes, are made known to all. vehicle stages functioned normally, and the Speaker's table the bill Hampshire, Rhode Island, Utah, Ver capped an important measure of ·that Not more than half of the dwelling units mont, Washington, and Wisconsin. attention and help in the form of mod in the housing assisted by this legislation For Tuesday and Wednesday, H.R. erate-priced housing specially designed would be occupied by handicapped 12080, banks, interest rates on deposits to meet their particular physical needs. families. of foreign governments; 1 hour of gen Put another way, its purpose is to The housing would not be elaborate or eral debate. provide the kind of housing which will extravagant in design or materials, but S. 4, Padre Island National Seashore; a Uow a handicapped person to conserve it can be designed and equipped for 1 hour of general debate. his limited resources of strength and dwelling by the elderly and under my bill H.R. 12718, AEC, Los Alamos com energy so that they can be directed to by handicapped persons. Related facili munity disposal; 1 hour of general de useful and economically productive pur ties may be provided with proceeds of bate. suits. the loan. These would include cafeterias For Thursday and the balance of the The Office of Vocational Rehabilitation or dining halls, community rooms, in week: has found that the particular needs of ·firmaries, and other health and service S. 2768, purchase of United Nations the handicapped with respect to hous facilities. bonds; 5 hours of general debate. ing come in three main areas. The In addition, the bill would provide that This, of course, is subject to the usual first has to do with structural features workshops may be included and that reservation that' conference reports may that are directly a part of housing tools and equipment could be used by the be brought up at any time, and any design. Steps, hallways, doors, and tenants-either the elderly or the handi- further program will be announced later. 18662 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD- HOUSE September 6 ADJOURNMENT UNTIL MONDAY, CALENDAR WEDNESDAY BUSINESS This is a tremendous stimulant to SEPTEMBER 10 business, particularly in the distressed Mr. ALBERT. Mr. Speaker, I ask coal region areas of the district. Mr. ALBERT. Mr. Speaker, I ask unanimous consent that the business in As a cosponsor of the disability feature unanimous consent that when the House order under the Calendar Wednesday of the Social Security Act, I feel that adjourns today it adjourn to meet on rule on Wednesday next be dispensed this was one of the most important im Monday next. with. provements that have been made since The SPEAKER. Is there objection to The SPEAKER. Is there objection to the act was proposed by President the request of the gentleman from Okla the request of the gentleman from Okla Franklin Roosevelt more than 26 years homa? homa? ago. Mr. GROSS. Reserving the right to There was no objection. The attacks that are currently being object, Mr. Speaker, can the gentleman made on the · proposal to expand the at this time give us any indication when social security program to include medi we might reasonably expect this long POSTPONEMENT OF ROLLCALLS care re:fiects the same kind of bitter drawn-out, dawdling session of Congress Mr. ALBERT. Mr. Speaker, I ask opposition displayed by the Republican to end sine die? unanimous consent that any rollcall leadership when the disability feature Mr. ALBERT. I have no official votes except on procedural matters on was first proposed. It was called a cruel knowledge of when the Congress might Monday, Tuesday, and Wednesday of hoax. It was denounced by GOP spokes be able to adjourn. I would not care to next week may go over until Thursday men as socialism. They said it would make a guess on that based on unofficial of next week. bankrupt the social security program information from another body. The SPEAKER. Is there objection and put a heavy tax burden on the work Mr. GROSS. I, of course, as have all to the request of the gentleman from ing people. Members, discussed the situation. Some Oklahoma? The enemies of social security have of the Members are saying to me that Mr. GROSS. Reserving the right to not changed since the 1930's when all come the 1st of October or shortly object, Mr. Speaker, would the gentleman sorts . of dire predictions were made by thereafter they are going- to take off for agree to a unanimous-consent request Republican opposition to this great pro their districts. I wonder if there will be on my part that any rollcalls which were gram. a quorum here to transact business after made in order on any of those days The adoption of a resolution by the the 1st of October. would automatically be in order on national convention of Young Republi I also wonder if the gentleman could Thursday of next week? ' cans in Minneapolis called for the re help me with another question. There Mr. ALBERT. I would have to advise peal of compulsory social security. This is such a thing as title 2, section 39, of the gentleman I could not agree to any gives evidence of the diehard Republi the United States Code, which is brief, change in the rules of the House. can opposition to a social reform pro and I should like to read it at this time: Mr. GROSS. Then, Mr. Speaker, I gram which has helped lift our coun The Secretary of the Senate and the Ser object. try from the soup kitchens and bread geant at Arms of the House respectively shall The SPEAKER. Objection is heard. lines of the 1930's. Social security gives deduct from the monthly payments of each to our aged citizens an opportunity to live Member or Delegate the amount of his salary for each day that he has been absent from on a higher level with dignity and self the Senate or House, respectively, unless such SOCIAL SECURITY HELPS FARMER respect in their twilight yearsr Member or Delegate assigns as the reason Mr. RHODES of Pennsylvania. Mr. Many more improvements are neces for such absence the sickness of himself or sary to make the social security program some member of his family. Speaker, I ask unanimous consent to more adequate and realistic. That is address the House for 1 minute, to revise I wonder if the gentleman could help and extend my remarks, and to include one of the major objectives of the Ken me on this question of whether there is a newspaper article. nedy administration, which I fully sup any thought that this section of the The SPEAKER. Is there objection port. United States Code might be enforced? to the request of the gentleman from Mr. Speaker, I include with my re Mr. ALBERT. I would have to advise Pennsylvania? marks this article from the Pottsville the gentleman that I have no official There was no objection. Republican: knowledge of absenteeism or absent Mr. RHODES of Pennsylvania. Mr. SoCIAL SECURITY HELPS FARME;Jt Members, and cannot comment on that Speaker, I was impressed by an article I Thanks to the alertness of a son and a matter at this time. read in a recent issue of the Pottsville program of regular social security talks to Mr. GROSS. A quorum call would high school stud'ents, things will be a little Republican pertaining to a New Ring easier for the Albert Petel family, of New show whether the Member was present gold, Pa., farm family which got a help Ringgold, who will now be receiving about or absent, would it not? ing hand from social security. $247 a month in social security disability in Mr. ALBERT. According to the par It came in the form of a disability surance benefits. ticular quorum call, yes . . check to Albert Petel, a farm operator, Albert Petel, a 46-year-old farm operator, Mr. GROSS. I notice that the Hat who was in a tractor-truck accident in was badly hurt in an accident in November fields and McCoys in Massachusetts are 1961 and suffered serious and disabling 1961, when he was pinned between a tractor and a truck, with both legs broken across going at it good and strong. I should injuries. the knees, a blood clot in the right lung and like to get out to the district I have the This is another example of how social other extensive injuries:. honor to represent and do some cam security is beneficial to farmers and to Petel had been employed at a rock quarry paigning. I just heard some Member all citizens who are a part of the pro in N..,w Jersey when he and his family bought say he would like to have me go, and gram. It is most interesting because the farm in 1959, which he worked on a part I will be glad to accommodate him when many farmers have opposed social se time basis on weekends. When he was laid all the business of this session has been curity in the past. Most of them today off for the winter season in 1960, he decided transacted. I hope the distinguished recognize how important social security not to return to his job, but to devote full time to the. operation of the farm. Things majority leader can one day very soon is to the farm community and all other were going well until the accident, which give us some information about when we segments of our population. made it physically impossible !or him to may adjourn. The social security program not only continue running the farm and which cre Mr. ALBERT. I share that hope with brought a measure of justice and decency ated a serious financial crisis for the family. the gentleman. The very minute I am to our aged and disabled citizens, it has Although he knew that social security pro able to give the gentleman any official done more than anything else to balancb vides payments upon retirement and to sur information I will be glad to give it to and strengthen the American economy. vivors upon a wage earner's death, he became him and to the House. aware of the disability provisions only be Into the new Sixth. Congressional Dis cause his son, who was a member of a class at The SPEAKER. Is there objection to trict, comprising Berks, Schuylkill, and Tamaqua· High School, heard a talk on social the request of the gentleman from Okla Northumberland Counties, come checks security given by John Elnitsky, assistant homa? for social security benefits amounting to manager of the local district office in Potts There was no objection. over $4 .ID:illion a month. ville. After listening to his son and reading 1962 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD- HOUSE 18663 the pamphlets which he had brought home ever, the funds available are not suffi Annandale, Va., by claiming to be 23, with him, Petel applied for the disability cient to provide the necessary loans. and giving a false name and a fictitious insurance benefits and submitted the neces The proposal to double the amount avail address. The gun was manufactured in sary medical evidence. Subsequently a de termination was made finding him disabled able to the colleges should have been Massachusetts, sold to a Rockville, Md., as of November 20, 1961, the date of the ac passed. The high cost of tuition limits wholesaler, and then to the Annandale, cident. Benefits of $107 a month payable the number of qualified students who can Va., retailer. This gun was a product of beginning with June 1962 for Mr. Petel, and obtain the funds to continue their edu interstate commerce. It was, appar $46.80 per month each for his wife and two cation. This limitation is not to the ently, largely by luck that it was minor sons. In accordance with the law, advantage of our citizens or of our found by a neighbor and traced by good disability insurance benefits can only be country. police work on the part of the Falls paid after the expiration of a 6-month wait In my district the number of loan Church authorities to the boy who has ing period. requests is considerably greater than admitted this and other crimes. HIGH SCHOOL TALK PAYS OFF last year. The great universities and Mr. Speaker, I do not think it would In addition to Petel, the family consists colleges of my city are unable to meet advance the Communist cause or inter of Lorene, his wife, a son, Wayne, age 18, and the requests for loans. The city and fere with the good clean fun of honest two minor sons, Raymond 14 and Jay, who is 6. It was Wayne who heard the talk given State are cooperating in a splendid man sportsmen and hunters if we insisted on at the Tamaqua High School, which, ac ner with education grants, but these giving the FBI the authority to require cording to Jack G. Wasserman, district sources cannot begin to adequately solve registration of all privately owned pis manager of the local office, is a regular an the problem. The Federal loan program tols or revolvers, or similar weapons nual service provided to most of the county is acceptable and supported by all ele which feature so frequently in the crime high schools. Wasserman explained that the ments interested in higher education. news. talks, given by fully trained and experienced It provides for the return of the public If we had such a requirement, it is social security representatives, to seniors, funds with interest. It contains special have a dual purpose. They not only help the hardly likely a 17-year-old school drop graduatfng students learn the importance of inducements for teachers so that teacher out, who had been in several mental in the social security program to them in shortage can be overcome. It helps one stitutions and had been arrested at var their future working lifetimes, but also, as of the most vital programs in the United ious times for a series of very serious in this case, help to inform the families States today. offenses, could have accumulated an ar about the expanded benefits which have been .I hope that. those who realize how senal of weapons. provided by many recent legislative changes urgent the need is and how important Our laws are very stringent about in the original act. the program is for the welfare of our keeping track of the taxes due or paid To become eligible for disability insurance country will act now to solve this benefits, Wasserman stated the applicant on firearms. The United States Code must have an illness or injury so severe problem. has section after section covering the that it makes him unable to engage registration of firearms from manufac in any substantial gainful activity. In ad turers to retailer so as to be sure we will dition, the applicant must have worked FEDERAL REGISTRATION OF get the excise taxes due on them. I be under social security for at least 5 years out FIREARMS? lieve it is at least as important for the of the 10-year period prior to the date he Federal Government to keep track of became disabled. Mrs. SULLIVAN. Mr. Speaker, I ask those same weapons after sale by the The monthly payments of $247 will con unanimous consent to address the House tinue until Petel recovers his ability to re retailer, so that when the FBI finds for 1 minute and to revise and extend mentally disturbed people, with police turn to work. Payments to the minor chil my remarks. dren will continue unless Mr. Petel recovers records, accumulating arsenals of weap before they attain the age of 18. The SPEAKER. Is there objection ons, the local authorities can be fore Although social security records are con to the request of the gentlewoman from warned. I believe Federal listing would fidential, Petel specifically gave his per Missouri? also eliminate the fictitious names and mission for his personal story to appear in There was no objection. addresses so often employed by disturbed the newspapers so that other Schuylkill Mrs. SULLIVAN. Mr. Speaker, from people in buying guns. County residents could become better time to time I have been receiving acquainted with the disability provisions of I urge the Judiciary Committee to letters-as have other Members also make a study of this problem and rec the social security program. opposing any legislation to require the Wasserman, who presented the first check, ommend legislation which we can enact totaling almost $500, to the Petel family for Federal registration of firearms owned by and which will be within the Constitu the months of June and July, stated that private citizens. I believe the letters tion. This would not eliminate crime, there are many other people in Schuylkill have been instigated on the one hand by of course, but it would certainly make County who are still unaware that the social the National Rifle Association, and on it possible to prevent some of these aw security program now provides these dis the other hand by various rightwing ability insurance benefits. He urges any ful crimes of violence if we know that political groups. The Rifle Association people with criminal records or history one who may meet the requirements for dis considers such legislation as a violation ability insurance benefits, to contact the lo of mental illness are buying guns. cal office at 201 East Arch Street, Pottsville, of the constitutional right to bear arms, for further information. The telephone and an interference with the legitimate number is 622-1490. recreation of honest sports enthusiasts; CORAL GABLES PEOPLE-TO-PEOPLE some of the rightwing groups tell us the idea is to disarm good Americans so that PROGRAM PROVIDES EXCELLENT LOANS FOR STUDENTS the Communists can take over. GUIDELINE TO FRIENDSHIP Mr. TOLL. Mr. Speaker, I ask unani Up to now, I have taken no direct Mr. FASCELL. Mr. Speaker, I ask mous consent to address the House for interest in the controversy since I am not unanimous consent to address the House 1 minute and to revise and extend my on the Judiciary Committee and such for 1 minute and to revise and extend remarks. proposed legislation has never been my remarks. The SPEAKER. Is there objection brought before us for a vote. But the The SPEAKER. Is there objection to the request of the gentleman from murder of a high school boy in Falls to the request of the gentleman from Pennsylvania? Church, Va., over the weekend makes us Florida? There was no objection. all wonder what must be done to keep There was no objection. Mr. TOLL. Mr. Speaker, one of the guns out of the hands of mentally dis Mr. FASCELL. Mr. Speaker, 6 years provisions of the National Defense Edu turbed individuals like the 17-year-old ago this month the people-to-people pro cation Act which has really proven to Falls Church boy who has confessed· gram was initiated to encourage private be a tremendous he1p in the field of killing the youth who discovered him in citizens to join hands with peoples higher education is the loan program. the backyard as a Peeping Tom. throughout the world in our mutual Many worthy students have been able The Vinson boy, who has been in and struggle against oppression, fear, pov to continue in college because of these out of several mental institutions and has erty, and distrust. loans. As more students are seeking a record of actions which reflect a dis The program was designed to estab help to enroll in schools this fall, how- turbed personality, bought a $65 gun in lish bonds of lasting and expanding 18664 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD- HOUSE September 6 friendship , that· would serve to better providing one hot meal a day at the Cartagena Plaza: Cartagena Plaza in international social, economic, ~nd cul schools. Coral Gables has been dedicated as a tural life. The Coral Gables People-to-People symbol of the friendship that the two I am indeed proud that the first city Committee took the s·ociety's program cities have established. In the center of in the United States to extend the hand into its heart and has rendered every this plaza sits an interesting monument. of friendship to a city in Latin America available assistance, providing such It is a statute of a pair of shoes about was a city from my congressional dis necessities as three sewing machines to 4 feet long. This is a replica of the trict in the State of Florida-Coral make students' clothing, school supplies, bronze shoes which constitute a famous Gables. and a station wagon. landmark in Cartagena. The unusual Mr. Fred Hartnett and Mr. Keith The two sisters, along with Rafael monument subject was inspired by the Phillips, both former mayors of Coral Escallon, publisher of the daily news- celebrated Cartagena poet, Luis Carlos Gables urged participation in this fine paper Diario de la Costa and a member Lopez, who commented in verse about program and when Mr. Robert Kingsley of the Colombian Federal Senate, have the past of Cartagena as compared to suggested his birthplace of Cartagena, been the driving force behind the sue- the present, and said: Colombia, the City Council of Coral cess of the society and the people-to- Yet, With your sad and neglected aspect, Gables approved the program and Mr. people program in Cartagena. you can still inspire the sort of affection one Walter Walters was chosen as the first Senora Mejia and Senora Gonzales feels for his comfortable old shoes. president of the Coral Gables People came to the United States in 1961 as the . Thus, an old pair of shoes became a to-People Committee. Cartagena representatives to the World sort of unofficial city symbol of Car It might have seemed strange-per Conference of Municipal Governments tagena. Coral Gables had a replica of haps brash-to some for the city of Coral held here in Washington and visited the Cartagena monument cast by Clay Gables, a city of some 37,000 persons, Coral Gables to extend their thanks and ton Henry Charles, the chairman of the to extend the hand of friendship to further tie the bonds of friendship be- art department of the University of Cartagena, a city with over 180,000 peo tween the two cities. Miami, and this monument now stands ple, but they shared a mutual clima~e As a guideline to other cities who ~ in prominence in Cartagena Plaza. The and juxtaposition to the ocean and this would like to participate in the great city of Cartagena has recently dedicated was sufficient for the Gablelites to launch purposes of the people-to-people pro- a new park as Coral Gables Park to be an what has become an outstanding pro gram, I wish to detail at this time the associate symbol to correspond to the gram in people-to-people effort that activities of the people of Coral Gables plaza in Coral Gables. every city in this Nation could well emu and Cartagena since these two cities be- Baseball competition: On August 24, late. came one in friendship and understand- 1962 a 12-man baseball team traveled The charter and bylaws of the Coral ing. to Cartagena. This team was chosen Gables committee provide that every rec Exchange visits: Since the onset of from the American Legion Junior ognized civic association or club in the this program, the citizens of Coral Ga- League in Coral Gables. They will meet city be represented on the board of di bles and Cartagena have exchanged a Cartagena team in a series of games, rectors-the city commissioners serve as visits. These exchanges have revealed the and then this fall, the Cartagena team honorary members and in addition ap people of the two cities to be delightfully will come to Coral Gables and renew point one member each to the board. interesting companions with common the competition. ThiS is just one more The committee operates, however, as ideals and aspirations. By deliberate attempt to create stronger friendships a nongovernmental organization and has int-ent, visitors to each city have been between Coral Gables and Cartagena. been headed by several leading Gable hosted by men and women with similar The series of games was arranged by Mr. ites such as Lucille Neher, Warren business and cultural backgrounds. My Paul Brocchini, the director of the Co Blackmon, Robert Kingsley, and Ira own administrative assistant, Mr. John lombo-Americano Center in Cartagena. Willard. Edmund Russo, who is cur Buckley, and his wife, Meriam, partici- The Park of the Americas · in Miami rently serving as the committee's pres pated in one of these visits as my repre- was founded with the idea of every ident, devotes almost full time to the sentatives where they were hosted at the . American nation having a monument. program's administration. home of Senator Ishmael Porto. Colombia did not have one, so the people The Cartagena People-to-People Com Cultural exchanges: One of the most of Cartagena sent a bronze statue of mittee which is headed by Senora Evelia successful cultural programs was a Co- General Santander, the Colombian lib de P01:to Mejia, grew out of an amazing lombian art exhibit held at Lowe Art erator, and Coral Gables provided aped organization, the Society of Love of Car Gallery at the University of Miami for estal, and today it stands proudly among tagena-Sociedad de Amor de Carta 6 weeks in June and July of 1960. The the other great men of all the Americas. gena-which was formed in 1949 by 40 International Petroleum Co., Ltd., The monument was dedicated by Colom of the city's leading women. sponsored the event and the Coral Ga- bian President Lleras, and has become Two of these women, who were pos bles People-to-People Committee pre- another symbol of the friendship that sessed of far-reaching ideas of humani sented and publicized it. exists between Cartagena and Coral tarianism, were Senora Majia and her Library: Coral Gables raised $300 Gables. sister, Senora· Judith Porto de Gonzales. to buy more books for the Colombo- A high U.S. Information Agency ofii They realized that a permanent solu Americano Center library. This library cial, who has charge of the people-to tion to the problems of their country has been largely stacked with books people program coordination, said that could only be reached through a system made available from Coral Gables. Re- over 1,200 cities have formed affiliation of· basic education for their peoples. cently, in Coral Gables, a Colombian with foreign cities and none has a better Public schools do indeed exist in Co Week was held and 1,200 packets were program than that of Coral Gables. It lombia-but only 1 out of every 30 per distributed in the local schools which would be a definite credit to any Member sons has a chance to acquire what we contained information concerning Co- of congress to urge that cities in his would consider a basic, normal educa lombia, and especially Cartagena. district form people-to-people affilia- tion. Student exchanges: Recently, 15 stu- t.ions. If all American cities would have Thus, the society began operation of dents from the University of Cartagena a program as successful as that of Coral three schools with only a handful of stu visited the campus of the University of Gables, the cause of international dents. Today, it operates 20 schools with Miami under the people-to-people pro- friendship would be advanced and the over 5,000 students. · gram. After a week's visit where they United States of America would find To fill the shortage of teachers, the had the opportunity to participate in faithful frie~ds in_all parts of the world. society has established its own teachers' American campus life, they returned to training college and to care for the stu Cartagena accompanied by 15 students dents' medical needs, it has opened three from Coral Gables who returned the GOLD RESERVES BEING DE modern medical-dental centers. campus visit. Also, the Coral Gables PLETED Many of the local business firms and group is making it possible for a Carta Mr. HALEY. Mr. Speaker, I ask unan the Colombian Government now con gena graduate student in medicine to imous consent to address the House for 1 tribute to the financial support of this study for a year at the University of minute, to revise and extend my remarks, program and recently the society began Miami. and to include a newspaper article. 1962 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD- HOUSE 18665 The SPEAKER. Is there objection nancial aid. and something else, indeed, to company's product, but all small busi to the request of the gentleman from pour billions down the sink holes of Europe, nesses. He has a deep and abiding faith Florida? Asia, and Africa. We seem to recall that there was. consider in the vitality tha.t small and independ There was no objection. able embarrassment in Washington when it ent business give to the economy of a Mr. HALEY. Mr. Speaker, many of us was disclosed that foreign aid bureaucrats nation, and in the political democracy to are concerned about the fact that our were shipping a dietary food to Asia. Ap- · which such enterprises so greatly con gold reserves are being d~pleted and are parently, we had fed the natives so well that tribute. going into the hands of foreign coun they had become overweight. We just had Mr. Cortney's interests and his efforts tries. Only recently it was necessary to help them reduce. on behalf of the country's well-being do to make a large withdrawal from our gold In Lakeland last year, a group of Congress men let loose with some barbs on what they not stop with small business. He is an stockpile at Fort Knox in order to meet. called the greatest giveaway program ·in all outstanding student of monetary policies the commitments of the United States to histdry. One of the neighborly acts detailed and a · good student of all economic certain other nations. . was the spending of $75 million to relocate matters. I would like to insert in the If a real effort is to be made to stop some Nubian statues along the Nile River. RECORD the concluding paragraphs from the flow of our gold to foreign nations, There was the national news report that the New York Times' sketch of Mr. it seems to me that this could be done so much assistance from the United States Cortney, as follows: · simply by bringing a halt to that pro was reaching Saigon that the authorities were having trouble spending all of the CONCEPT DEFINED gram which the American people do not American tax dollars. They finally solved The head of Coty defines his basic con favor, namely the so-called foreign aid the problem by purchasing fleets of expensive cept of management: "I represent the con program. Mercedes-Benz automobiles. sumer." He describes his job as consist In my own congressional district, there The latest affront to the American people ing of "defining policy, choosing the men to is a strong and still growing opposition . was just delivered to a House committee in execute it, supervising the execution and to the foreign aid program. My people Washington. The State Department, making the key decisions." continue to ask how long must they sup through the Agency for International De Mr. Cortney has a strong sense of the velopment, has just contributed millions in business man's obligations to his community, port the other countries of the world. "birthday" gifts to some new nations. his country and, in fact, to the entire free Typical of the criticism of this program And there was $29 million to assure the world. "A business is part of the country is the following editorial written by Mr. survival of a prime minister, who was ousted it is in," he says. "Management acquires Harris Sims. Mr. Sims is the editor of just the same; and Indonesia got $5,600,000 duties together with advantages." the Lakeland Ledger, an outstanding to build a road to the site of the Asian ath His keen sense of duty has made Mr. Cort daily newspaper of Florida. Mr. Sims letic games. ney a director of the National Industrial and the Ledger are to be commended for In the meantime, in communities like Conference Board, chairman of the Commit Lakeland throughout the United States, pub tee of the International Aspects of Atomic calling attention to the wastefulness of lic-spirited citizens are hard pressed to raise Energy of the National Associatron of Manu this program and to the fact that the funds to support medical research, to help facturers and a past chairman of the U.S. American people are sick and tired of children stricken with cerebral palsy, to Council of the International Chamber of supporting this program. assist the aged and infirm, to meet the end Commerce. FOREIGN AID BILLIONS lees other demands that humanitarian peo His abiding interest in economics and One of these days the taxpayers of the ple must meet. monetary problems-"my only real hobby" United States are going to rise up and de If the bureaucrats in Washington are per has led him to become a member of the clare war on the foreign aid program. mitted to keep on handing out the billions American Economic Association and a fellow There must be a good many men and which they do so little to earn, the day may of the Royal Economy Society of Great come when the people of th~ United States women who are sick and tired of working Britain. He has written many articles on will no longer be giving foreign aid; we will economic and monetary issues and he has to support Communists, Fascists, revolu be receiving it. tionaries, counterrevolutionaries, rightists, published a book, "The Economic Munich." leftists, tribesmen, neutralists, and all of the In 1947, he organized La Maison de France, rest, in almost every nook and cranny in the aimed at improving economic and business world. MR. PHILIP CORTNEY, A BUSINESS cooperation between France and this coun It is p artciularly noninspiring for the EXECUTIVE WITH SOCIAL RE try. It established the Marquis de Lafayette people of this Nation to go home after a Fellowship Foundation to help French stu hard day's work, turn on the television set, SPONSIBILmES dents to study and travel in this country. and see what's going on in some of these Mr. PATMAN. Mr. Speaker, I ask Philip Cortney is a commander of the !Tench countries which have heavy appetites for tax Legion of Honor. unanimous consent to extend my re Mrs. Cortney is the former Marcelle Denya, dollars from the United States of America. marks at this point in the RECORD in two A 15-minute · news resume may feature a French opera and concert singer. demonstrations by thousands of able-bodied instances and include extraneous matter. The Cortneys, who have no children, live patriots who semingly have nothing else The SPEAKER. Is there objection in a midtown Manhattan apartment with a to do but ride on trucks or streetcars. They to the request of the gentleman from view of Central Park. wave flags, destroy property, and stage fights Texas? with their local authorities. There was no objection. The next scene is also very good for after Mr. PATMAN. Mr. Speaker, the New PUBLIC REACTION TO FOUNDATION dinner digestion. It usually shows a few York Times last Sunday carried a most . STUDY thousand soldiers, with appropriate civilian interesting biographical sketch of Mr. Mr. . PATMAN. Mr. Speaker, on July reception committee standing along the Philip Cortney, written by Richard roadway, welcoming the latest dictator ·while 23, 1962, and August 20, 1962, I pre the deposed political giant. is taking off for Rutter. sented to the House my first and second the hills. Much of the Rutter article deals with interim reports on the study of 524 tax Apparently, only the recipients of foreign Mr. Cortney's success in managing Coty, . exempt foundations, which has been aid from the United States can afford such Inc., a firm which he heads. I will not conducted by the House Small Business luxuries. Citizens of this Nation are too review that, although it is most interest Committee. They appear in the CoN busy working to earn their daily bread. ing and shows Mr. Cortney to be an ex GRESSIONAL RECORD Of those dates. The American people historically are ceptionally able corporate executive. Our study has been confined to pri warmhearted and generous in responding The statement which particularly to pleas for aid from distressed areas of the vately controlled, tax-exempt founda world. China is a specific case in point. interested me is the quotation from Mr. tions that are required to file tax return On various oc.casions that nation has been Cortney in which he says "a business is form 990-A or 1041-A. This excludes stricken by epidemics or faced starvation. a part of the country it is in. Manage first, religious organizations; second, ed Millions of dollars worth of food and medi- . ment acquires duties with advantages." ucational organizations if they normally cine were given by the people of this. Na · I have had the pleasure of knowing Mr. maintain a regular faculty and curricu tion. Yet today, the Chinese Communists Cortney for many years and I can say lum and normally have a regularly or have vowed to destroy the .democracy and from personal experience that this quo ganized body of pupils or students in freedom of the very people who so be tation truly reflects the beliefs and ac friended them. attendance at the place where their edu On this foreign aid issue, there is no tions of this man. I could add that I cational activities are regularly carried doubt that most of the taxpayers of this also know from personal experience that on; third, charitable organizations, or country are more than willing to help others Mr. Cortney is a great and effective organizations for the prevention of cru to help themselves. But it is one thing to friend of small business-not just the elty to children or animals, if supported provide technical assistance with limited fi- small businesses that distribute his in whole cir in part by funds contributed CVIII--1175 18666 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD - HOUSE September 6 by the United States or any State or this locality feel that a lax and irresponsible F.L., Los Angeles, Calif.: "Please, may I political subdivision thereof, or primarily manipulation of their funds disqualify many have a copy of your report on the tax-ex supported by contributions of the general of these foundations for the privilege of empt foundations? tax exemption. Do try to have a morato "I have followed your presentation of this public; and, fourth, or organizations rium on tax exemption for foundations until situation, and please accept my gratitude operated, supervised, or controlled by or Congress has devised new laws. for your excellent work." in connection with a religious organiza "Congratulations, and keep up the good P.F.R., Ontario, Calif.: "* * * We want tion described in section 50l(c) (3) of work." you to know we firmly support your efforts the Internal Revenue Code. J.W.M., Freeport, Tex.: "The recent news to investigate these tax-exempt founda Since July 23, I have received thou reports regarding your intention to look into . tions. * * * This is a step in the right di sands of letters in support of our investi the tax-exempt foundations was good news rection, to relieve some of the burden from gation. They express deep concern over indeed." those less fortunate." A.F.J., Baltimore, Md.: "The July 23 issue P.W., Princeton, N.J.: "Congratulations on the ever-growing number and influence Of the CONGRESSIONAL RECORD came today your stand regarding foundations. Once of tax-exempt foundations. and I am grateful to you and your staff for again you have brought your great insight The reactions to our study will no the tremendous research on the foundations. and wisdom to another neglected area of our doubt be of interest to the Members. I, * * * What you have done is magnificent in economy." therefore, wish to insert in the RECORD conception and execution. Do press on." P.M., Baltimore, Md.: "You certainly put at this point excerpts from a few o{ the R.F., Redlands, Calif.: "Please continue to your finger on an important tax item when letters received to date. These are in work to make these foundations pay taxes you speak about these so-called founda addition to those which I placed in the same as everyone else. Aren't most of these tions, as is reported in our Baltimore RECORD Of August 23, 1962: foundations just tax dodges in the first Sun. * * * place? "I surely hope that you will proceed with H.Z., Brooklyn, N.Y.: "According to today's "Keep up the good work." your investigation. There is much to in papers, you charge that many tax-exempt A.M.S., Buffalo, N.Y.: "I approve 100 per vestigate." foundations are violating income tax laws cent of your report calling for an immediate G.B., Bishop, Calif.: "Thank you for the and that the Internal Revenue Service has moratorium on the granting of tax exemp wonderful work you are doing on the tax been lax. I agree with you 100 percent." tion to foundations." exempt foundations. M.B.S., La Marque, Tex.: "I am most in E.K., Garden Grove, Calif.: "Thank you "We are convinced it is being used by terested in your effort to look into the for your stand in favor of American liberty many foundations as legalized tax dodging foundations. This is an untapped source and against the unfair tax laws in regard and would like to see a thorough investiga of taxation for our Treasury. Charity is the to foundations. If there is anything I can tion made with possible new laws regulating last thought in their minds * * * How I can do here in California to help you, please, the foundations." help?" please let me know. C.V., Hewlett, N.Y.: "Your suggestion that J.P.K., New York, N.Y.: "I read (with de "Again, thank you and be assured you have tax-free foundations should operate under light) your recommendation that tax ex strong support at the informed grassroots tightened regulations has met with high emptions to foundations be suspended until praise among business people of our area. Congress had tightened the laws." level." C.A.J., Norfolk, Va. : "I would like to con "I am writing to you to suggest that you H.F.W., Newport, Ky.: "Was reading of continue your study as a basis for immediate your fine patriotic work on tax-exempt foun gratulate you on the stand you have taken in investtigating the Hughes tax free foun new legislation governing tax-exempt insti dations. Keep the ball rolling, you are do tutions." ing splendidly-also your committee-my dation." A.H., San Diego, Calif.: "Thank you for A.T., Los Angeles, Calif.: "Thank you for hat is off to you." your investigation into the tax free founda the stand that you have taken on the tax H.P.L., Jackson Heights, N.Y.: "We want tions. exempt foundations. We hope that you will to commend you very much for the excellent "Please do not give up." be able to get a new law regarding these work you have done and are doing, to bring foundations." out in the open the facts regarding founda E.E.M., Kansas City, Mo.: "* - * * These tax-exempt foundations were just created to H.H.H., Daingerfield, Tex.: "* * * We want tions. Please continue this until something to congratulate you on the beginning of an avoid paying taxes. So now almost everyone is really accomplished by way of correction." investigation of these foundations. * "' * E.S.C., Waco, Tex.: "Read with much in with a pile of money creates a tax-free foun "Trusting that you will be successful in terest a summary of your report relative to dation before they die." O.D., Houston, Tex.: "I want to commend your investigation and with best regards to trusts, etc., and their effect on our economy. you." * * * I believe they should not go un and congratulate you on your statement J.T.J., San Antonio, Tex.: "Thanks for that foundations should be taxed." taxed." tax ~ H.A.G., Arkley, Iowa: "I feel you deserve your effort to get to the bottom of this H.E.C., Miami, Fla.: "Within the last week exempt foundation business." or so I have read two accounts of your re to be commended on the courageous pro M.A.B., Vista, Calif.: "You are to be com port on tax-exempt foundations, and wish posal, at such a time, to urge tax exemption mended for your courage in going into the to express my appreciation for your having suspension to foundations and charitable matter of the tax dodging foundations. * * * focused attention on this situation." trusts." "We need new laws to abolish these loop- M.A., Beverly Hills, Calif.: "It would seem C.R.H., Sebastopol, Calif.: "Thank you so holes." - to me that you've hit the nail on the head very much for your investigation of the tax K.H.J., North Adams, Mass.: "If I am cor in requesting an investigation of founda free foundations." rectly informed, you have proposed a con tions." D.S., N. Linthicum, Md.: "Your newspaper gressional study of the uses of tax-exempt G.R., Niagara Falls, N.Y.: "Please do con comments regarding tax-exempt foundations funds by private foundations. We certainly tinue to pursue with vigor the course you and their violation of the tax laws and your need it." / are taking in fighting the tax exemptions views thereon have been shared by this C.M., San Jacinto, Calif.: "I wish to thank of these foundations which I have just read writer for a considerable period of time." you for your courage in calling to the atten about in our newspaper. J.T.S., Lake Charles, La.: "I read about tion of the Congress the needed investiga "Thanks to you and the others who have your proposal to put a moratorium on tax tion of tax-exempt foundations." the knowledge and cou.rage-it takes that exemptions for foundations and charitable W .M., Miami, Fla.: "I want to take this to pursue this just cause." trusts. You are beginning our fight for opportunity to commend you on your at R.M.K., Laguna Beach, Calif.: "I've read victory where it should be started. * * * tempts to investigate some tax-free foun your comments in the CONGRESSIONAL RECORD "If you would please send me information dations. You are certainly probing where of July 23 regarding moratorium on foun on any speeches -etc. you make on this sub it hurts. * * * dation tax exemptions and heartily concur." ject I will try to support you in any way "You will no doubt stir up a storm or two S.W.C., Orange, N.J.: "A note to commend possible." by investigating the actions of these foun you on your request that an investigation J.W.D., Reseda, Calif.: "I heartily agree dations. I hope you will not be discouraged of -the tax-free foundations be made. with your statement that ·tax exemptions in this probe." "You will have the support of many, all for foundations be stopped until tax laws G.W.H., Cold Spring, Ky.: "I have read the of whom will wish you the best of luck governing them can be investigated." results. of your work in investigating the a thorough investigation of these should be J.H.T., Tonawanda, N.Y.: "You have a good tax-exempt foundations, and I am quite en made." hold on a lion's tail: I hope and trust you couraged to know that you are on this job." H.M.G., Kew Gardens, N.Y.: "Good boy, I will be able to hang on to it. J.W.B., Battle Creek, Mich.: "I have read say, after reading in Sunday's newspaper that "Your recommendation that income-tax your remarks relating to tax-exempt foun you charged that many of the tax-exempt exemptions to foundations be halted until dations and charitable trusts as reported in foundations are tax dodges and charitable in the laws are changed is a fine one. * * * the CONGRESSIONAL RECORD for July 23, 1962. name only. They're charitable, all right, to Best of luck." "I wish you would accept this citizen's their heirs. Don't fail to follow through on A.H.G., New York, N.Y.: "With great pleas profound thank you for the staggering job this, Representative PATMAN ." ure I read of your activity about founda of detailing you, your staff and members of R.E.D., La Jolla, Calif.: "Thank you for tions. * • * the Small Business Committee, have done your rare courage. * * * Many people in "I hope you will continue your campaign." in your interim report on this subject." 1962 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD- HOUSE 18667 E.M.P., San Francisco, Calif.: "* * * Since your inquiry into the lawless status and ters that are in the best interest of our action to correct this situation has not been operations of foundations, and lawless country in the face of certain determined t aken, I hope you will be able to continue statutes and regulations that make founda opposition. * * * and expose those foundations guilty of le tions the biggest group of tax cheaters and "Please accept my grateful thanks for galized tax dodging. 'villains' in the United States.'' your contribution in behalf of good govern "I have written Secretary of the Treasury, K.B., Santa Monica, Calif.: "Your investi ment." Dou glas Dillon, my Senators and Congress gation into the tax-free foundations is R .A.F., St. Petersburg, Fla.: " * • * It is man asking them to declare a moratorium mighty heartening. * * * good to see some members o! our Congress on tax-exemption for foundations unt il Con "It is my sincere hope that your committee are not afraid to buck the foundations.'' gress h as devised new laws. I do not be will proceed and insist on a full investiga- . E.M.M., Glen Cove, N.Y.: "Allow me to lieve any foundations, large or small, should tion.'' congratulate you for airing the matter of enjoy immunity from t axes if their activi D .R.W., Dallas, Tex.: "Your remarks con the tax-exempt foundations." ties do not warrant it." cerning the tax-exempt foundations appear F.A.B., Manchester, Conn.: " * * * I hope F .K., Baton Rouge, La.: "I am happy to to be well founded and it appears to me that the probe now being made on tax-free foun see t hat you are urging a t h orough study a full-scale investigation should be made." d ations will prove a long step in the right of the t ax-free foundations." V.R .H., Flagstaff, Ariz.: "I personally would direction." H.M.W., Ojai, Calif.: "I would like to take say your present congressional investigation F.T.B., Santa Barbara, Calif.: "I have just this opportunity to thank you for your ef into foundations could well be one of the read this weeks Newsweek and wish to state forts to curb the tax exemptions of foun most important Congress has made for a that I share your views regarding tax d ations. I hope there will be a continua long time." exempt foundations a:nd trusts." tion that will result in Congress devising J.E.D., San Jose, Calif.: "Commend you for F.P.S., Oakland, calif.: "Please keep up new laws to restrain these t ax-exempt foun your stand on stopping the granting of your fight.'' d ations." exemptions to charitable trusts and founda S.W.A., Austin, Tex. ~ " * * * You are do J .W.G., Plainfield, N.J.: "I was interested tions." ing a wonderful job ~ * • • More power to in the report appearing in the July 23 L.P., Lake Lure, N.C.: "I recently read in you." CONGRESSIONAL RECORD on t ax-exempt foun the newspaper about the wonderful job you ML.K., Venice, Fla.: "I was glad to see dations. are doing in regard to the investigation of that someone of importance has brought to "You are to be congratulated for your the tax-exempt foundations. I must con the eye of the public the inequities of our courage in bringing this issue before the gratulate you as a ~an that is not afraid to Federal tax structure." public." . go after them." J.W., Birmingham, Ala.: "I hope you are W.B., Paradise, Calif.: "Thank you for all R.A.S., Whittier, Calif.: "Want to com able to accomplish some measure of con you are doing in connection with the tax m .end you on your report on tax-exempt trol by taxation or otherwise over these t ax exempt foundations. We urge you to con foundations." exempt foundations." tinue investigating these foundations." C.H.B., Los Angeles, Calif.: "A word to. J.F., Los Angeles, Calif.: "I agree with you J .E.O., Paradise, Calif.: "We appreciate compliment you on your study of tax-exempt on this foundation . method of evading all your efforts in connection with the tax foundations. I was just afraid it would taxes." exempt foundations. never h appen- and it is so obviously over B.A.P ., Hawthorne, Calif.: "I read (with "Please continue your work in this in due." pleasure) of your inquiry into tax-free vestigation." J .P.C., Bronx, N.Y.: "I read an account of foundations." M.S.B., Spokane, Wash.: "We support y:ou your investigation of U.S. tax-free founda W.W., Phoenix, Ariz.: "Congratulations in your inquiry into the tax exemptions tions in the New York Times of July 24, on your inquiry into tax-exempt founda granted foundations." 1962. I found it very interesting and wish tions." C.J.D., El Paso, Ill.: "First of all permit to inform you that for a long time I have F.C.Q., Dewitt, N.Y.: "It would be to the me to thank you for alerting the American looked forward to a sincere report on such best interests of this Republic if this could people on the subject of foundations and matters. * * * receive proper investigation, and I shall their vast economic power and, in my opin "Thank you for your activities in this write to Congressmen in this area to sup ion, their unwarranted tax exemption." field and I hope that you will continue your port your interest in this field." E.A.E., Balboa, Calif.: •'You are to be com splendid reports." L.T.D., Newport Beach, Calif.: "I note in plimented for your interest and forth J.T.E., Garwood, N.J.: "We were very the Herald Express here under dateline July rightness in bringing this subject into na much encouraged to read today that some 21, that you are going to push for an in tional focus. It has been my personal ob one in Washington understands that work vestigation of the tax exemption privileges servation for some time that there have in g people bear a disproportionate share of granted the many foundations. been reasons other than just pure philan t axes. * * * "The quicker this gets going the better." thropy for the establishment of some of "Again, thank you for speaking out for us." A.M.C., New Orleans, La.: "Thank you for these foundations and I have no doubt that H.F.P., Santa Barbara, Calif.: "This has your initiation of the present investigation the general taxpayer is paying bills that long been a subject that has sorely needed of the tax-exempt foundations." could properly be shared by the income o:t revision, Mr. PATMAN, and you have shown H.A.T., Long Beach, Calif.: "So, congratu many of these captive funds.'' exemplary courage." lations on your report which you will see P.H.C., Los Angeles, Calif.: "Please ac S.T.T., Atlanta Ga.: "It is encouraging to from the enclosed article is being called cept our congratulations on your extremely read in the Atlanta Constitution of this date 'explosive.'" courageous investigation on the tax-exempt that you have made a sweeping indictment D.A:H., Morristown, N.J.: "Thank good foundations. of foundations and the IRS. * * * ness someone is going to investigate tax-!ree "It has taken a man of rare courage to "'More power to you and God bless every foundations." check the facts about the untouchable effort you make." J.B.B., Richmond, Va.: "Keep up the foundations." C.W.D., Long Beach, Calif.: "We were fight." M.M., Miami, Fla.: "It was heartening to happy to read of your efforts to halt the M.F.R., Chicago, Ill.: "You are to be con read of your speech on these tax-exempt granting of tax exemptions to foundations gratulated for your attempt to halt exemp foundation funds. I am so glad you are until the laws covering them are tightened." tion of any foundation and your study in bringing this information out into the open A.F.J., Baltimore, Md.: "I do hope you will regard to same." for an to see." press into the exempt status of founda-tions." P .S.H., San Diego, Calif.: "We h ave read M.Q., Chula Vista, Calif.: "Thank you for J.L.B., Miraleste, Calif.: "I wish to con with great interest of your report on tax your courageous stand in attacking the laws. gratulate you on your stand on the present exempt foundations and wish to commend that permit tax exemption for the founda laws for tax-exempt foundations. In my you · for your good work.'' tions which represent such great blocks of opinion the situation of these foundations M.I., Galveston, Tex.: "Thank God some wealth in this country. has become deplorable." one has finally come to the aid f<>r Am~rica "That huge fortunes such as the .Gug S.B., Waco, Tex.: "We note with a great and the American people. Why should the genheim, Sloan, Carnegie, Rockefeller, Ford, deal of interest that you are highly in favor foundations be tax exempt?" should be maneuvered beyond the reach of closing some of the tax loopholes on P.R.L., San Diego, Calif.: "Thank you for of t axability in the name of philanthropy charitable institutions. We. certainly agree speaking out against the present laws that represents one of the greatest frauds of all that it is worthwhile to see if these institu oo1 permit legalized tax dodging by t ax-exempt times. The average American has no inkling tions are performing the function for which foundations." · of the hoax which has been perpetrated upon they were established and if they are not ·"I am writing my Senators and Congress the taxpayers of this country. they certainly should pay their fair share man concerning the necessity for new tax "May your exposure arouse the public of tax." laws for foundations." so this outrage may be stopped.'' . C.V.N.C., Oakland, Calif.: "Our deepest M.D., Buffalo, N.Y.: "Thank you for that M.N.A., Long Beach, Calif.: ''As the one gratitude to you for making possib~e the informative and interesting article on tax who coined the words 'tax incentive' and August 6 item 'Foundations and Tax Ex exempt founda~ions which you placed in 'tax penalty' in a paper, the regulatory func emption,' U.S. News & World Report." the CONGRESSIONAL RECORD of July 23. What t ion of taxation (fifth tax tenet) for a W.L.K., San Antonio, Tex.: " * * • I. think· a huge task of dredging your Small Business Stanford degree, before present specialists it is a refreshing thing to see a committee Committee must have done to get such de were 'dry behind the ears,' may I support of the Congress taking a firm stand on mat- t ailed _information which you placed in your 18668 • CONGRESSIONAL RECORD- HOUSE September 6 statistical report. A crackdown on some of FALTERING PROGRAM OF DIRECT FIFTH ANNUAL REPORT OF U.S. these fantastic tax chiselers is long over LOANS FOR· VETERANS IN MICH PARTICIPATION IN ATOMIC EN due * * •. IGAN ERGY AGENCY-MESSAGE FROM "Congratulations, Mr. PATMAN; I hope you can finish your task without getting the ax Mr. BENNETT of Michigan. Mr. THE PRESIDENT OF THE UNITED from some VIP's who feel a draft from the Speaker, I ask unanimous consent to STATES (H. DOC. NO. 538) salutary airing." address the House for 1 minute and to The SPEAKER laid before the House B.R.F., Santa Barbara, Calif.: "I under revise and extend my remarks. stand you have attacked the tax-exempt the following message from the Presi foundations in a speech in Congress, and I The SPEAKER. Is there objection dent of the United States which was wish to express my appreciation and the hope to the request of the gentleman from read, and together with the accompany you will go further on this • • *" Michigan? ing papers, referred to the Joint Com M.G.B., Los Angeles, Calif.: " * * * it is Qne· There was no objection. mittee on Atomic Energy and ordered of the worst rackets in history, and more Mr. BENNETT of Michigan. Mr. to be printed: ..,.. springing up each day." Speaker, at the end of July the Detroit N .W ., Hemet, Calif.: "Thank you for your regional office of the Veterans' Admin To the Congress of the United States: courage in calling to the attention of the istration had pending approximately I transmit herewith, pursuant to the Congress the needed investigation of the tax 2,000 applications for veterans' direct International Atomic Energy Agency exempt foundations." loans in the State of Michigan, but no Participation Act, the fifth annual re J.G., North Hollywood, Calif.: "It would be port covering U.S. participation in the wonderful if a moratorium could be declared funds to process these loans. The rea on tax-exempt foundations until Congress son they have no funds, is because the International Atomic Energy Agency for has devised new laws." $700 million which was authorized by the year 1961. L.M.S., Berkeley, Calif.: "I am so glad that Congress to be spent in the financing of JOHN F. KENNEDY. you are bringing up the tax-free foundations direct loans has not been applied by the THE WHITE HOUSE, September 6, 1962. and their nonpayment of any income tax. Veterans' Administration for the pur Many of us have been aware of this racket pose which Congress intended it to be for a long time." applied. We have a depression in my district. SEVEN-POINT PROGRAM AND JOINT It has grown worse, during the last year RESOLUTION TO PREVENT COM RESOLUTION DECLARING COMMU and a half. Many of the 2,000 veterans MUNIST PENETRATION IN THE NIST ARMS AND MUNITIONS CON who had applications pending in July AMERICAS, REAPPLY MONROE TRABAND IN WESTERN HEMI were from my district, and badly in need DOCTRINE, AND CONTRABAND SPHERE of housing. This money is not for gifts RED ARMS AND MUNITIONS or grants. It is for loans, repayable by Mr. CUNNINGHAM. Mr. Speaker, I the veteran with interest. Mrs. MAY. Mr. Speaker, I ask unani- ask unanimous consent to address the The Veterans' Administration has not mous consent that the gentleman from House for 1 minute. lost a dime on this program; they have California [Mr. HosMER] may extend his The SPEAKER. Is there objection made millions of dollars on it. Why remarks at this point in the RECORD. to the request of the gentleman from they have n0t authorized the expendi- The SPEAKER. Is there objection Nebraska? ture of the money that Congress gave to the request of the gentlewoman from There was no objection. them I do not know and for reasons best Washington? Mr. CUNNINGHAM. Mr. Speaker, in known to them they refuse to incrimin- There was no objection. September a year ago I introduced House ate themselves, as to why they are sitting Mr. HOSMER. Mr. Speaker, between Joint Resolution 590 which was referred on this money. I do know, Mr. Speaker, July 27 and July 31, 3,000 to 5,000 Soviet to the Committee on Foreign Affairs. that there is not a foreign country any- personnel arrived in Cuba to augment This resolution would declare Com where on earth that is waiting for money Castro's Communist army already over munist arms and munitions contraband we have appropriated for their benefit. . 400,000 strong. Eleven Soviet cargo in the Western Hemisphere and direct This administration is not holding ships arrived during the same period the President to utilize appropriate back a single penny of foreign aid funds and unloaded at the ports of Havana, forces in the United States to carry out at a time when they are withholding Matanzas, Bahia de Nipe, Bahia Honda, a blockade. several hundred million dollars author- and Mariel. Soviet personnel did all the This resolution was needed a year ago ized by Congress for direct loans for unloading during night hours under and it is needed most urgently today. veterans' housing. Foreign aid money strictest security conditions. It is a well-known fact, and has been is giveaway money. Money for veterans' Eyewitnesses say empty trucks were admitted, that the Soviet Union has homes is repayable with interest. The lifted into the holds of these ships where just recently sent to Cuba large quanti administration has reached a low point they were loaded and covered with tar ties of rockets and missiles, in addition in withholding these congressionally au- paulins. They then were hoisted back to thousands of troops and so-called thorized funds for loans at a time when on the docks and driven away by Soviet technicians. The pattern in Cuba is so they are literally throwing away billions personnel. All indications are that mil obviously a part of the grand design of forcing gifts on other countries who do itary hardware and communications the international Communist conspiracy not understand or appreciate our gen- · equipment formed a large part of the that it is shocking to me and to the erosity. cargo. Crews of American airplanes American people that a blockade against Mr. Speaker, the House of Represent- :ftying over the ships on their way to these Communist munitions and man atives should find out who is to blame Cuba observed the military nature of power has not been put into effect.' Why for deliberately defying the mandate of their deck cargo. Eyewitnesses saw has no such action been taken? Is is Congress prqviding veterans' funds and tanks, communication trucks, and large because the internationalists who are all then take steps to deal appropriately truck-trailers about 40 feet long coming too numerous in the State Department with those who so lightly regard an act off the ships. are blocking this most necessary action? of Congress. Only one of the five Soviet passenger Must we wait any longer to stop this ships arrived openly. It was ceremoni Communist base buildup just 90 miles ously welcomed by Cuban Communist of- off our shores? Will we wait until the NO ROLLCALL VOTES UNTIL THURS- ficials and carried about 400 agricultural entire Western Hemisphere is under the DAY, SEPTEMBER 13 experts and technicians. The other four dominatien and control of the Commu Mr. ALBERT. Mr. Speaker, I renew vessels arrived secretly, at night, and nists? If we do not do something about my request that rollcall votes except on carried Soviet personnel to man and Cuba now, Mr. Speaker, it will be too procedural matters on Monday, Tuesday, maintain the Soviet military equipment. late. Warnings are not enough. We and Wednesday of next week may go over It is utterly immaterial whether these need to adopt a firm policy now. until Thursday. Soviet personnel are technically mem Mr. Speaker, I again urge the Commit The SPEAKER. Is there objection to bers of the Soviet armed forces or claim tee on Foreign Affairs to report House the request of the gentleman from Okla a technical civilian status. They are, in Joint Resolution 590 so that it can be homa? fact, on a military mission and perform voted upon by the Congress. There was no objection. ing military duties in connection with 1962 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD- HOUSE 18669 military equipment hostile to the United Fourth. Labels any direct or indirect The joint resolution was carefully States of America. intervention by international commu drafted with that duty, that tradition At least 15 more ships from the Com nism anywhere in the New World as a and that possibility in mind. It was con munist bloc, containing more of the same danger to peace and security of all Amer ceived originally by Prof. Samuel F. kind of cargo and personnel, arrived in ican States justifying immediate exercise Bemis, of Yale University, an outstand Cuba during August or were en route. of these nations' inherent right of self ing historian and authority on diplo An unprecedented Communist military defense. m.atic relations in the Americas. buildup is taking place almost within Fifth. Authorizes immediate individ The joint resolution incorporates and sight of the southern coastal cities of ual or collective self-defense action by extends to present facts and situations the United States. Soviet armor within ·American nations to forestall subversive a long series of inter-American diploma the last week fired on U.S. naval aircraft intervention by international commu tic policies and declarations from the with the intent to kill. nism anywhere in the Americas. Monroe Doctrine of 1823 onward. It Although President Kennedy states Sixth. Provides for an inter-American spells out clearly what has not been clear the situation is being examined, I sub administration of any American nation before. Namely, that intervention in an mit the time for examination has passed rescued from international communism, American state by international commu and the time for action is at hand. I pending restoration of a government of nism is not a mere "internal" matter per specifically recommend the President at the people, by the people and for the taining to the victim nation alone, and once take the following seven steps: people. thus subject to the "good neighbor" pol First. Take a firm stand against Com- If Communist efforts to control coun icy's inhibition against interference by -·munist expansion into the Americas; tries on the American Continents are one American state in the internal af then tell and show the world we mean not thwarted, the United States will be fairs of another. The joint resolution what we say-that the Monroe Doctrine come subject to destructive sneak attack recognizes and declares that in law, as is not dead. from Red missile bases at short ranges well as in fact, such action constitutes Second. Declare the Western Hemis to the south. Wholesale mischief to our a foreign intervention prohibited by the phere a peace zone, and tell the world defense, electronic, and other installa Monroe Doctrine. As such, it is clearly we mean to keep it that way through tions can be accomplished by Red elec labeled by the joint resolution as a threat use of national power, if necessary. tromagnetic equipment beamed at the to peace and security, and thus subject to Third. Declare all Communist war United States from the south. counterintervention and restoration of material, including fuel, as contraband Communist regimes in the Caribbean, a free government to the people. and prohibit its shipment into the peace Central or South America, or any of In connection with the application of zone of the Americas. them, will not alone imperil the United the doctrines of contraband I have urged Fourth. Use U.S. national power to States and its American neighbors. By the President to make, I already have sEmd back, jettison, or seize all contra thus exposing the United States to at introduced another joint resolution which band sent into the peace zone. tack from the south, the relative power will bar Soviet shipments of arms and Fifth. Adopt as U.S. policy the ousting of the free world and the Communist munitions to the Western Hemisphere, of Castro's Communist dictatorship empire will be so drastically unbalanced together with the personnel who main from Cuba, and enlist active support that all Western nations and thus West tain and man such hostile hardware. from anti-Castro and anti-Communist ern civilization itself would be over This is House Joint Resolution 524-de forces in Latin America to help us get whelmed and destroyed. claring Communist arms and munitions the job done. The manipulations of international contraband in the Western Hemisphere Sixth. Develop and expedite a tailor communism in the New York approach and making provisions for enforcement made information program for our closer and closer to obvious interven of the same. Like my Monroe Doctrine hemisphere which makes it clear we tion upon our continents. For too joint resolution, this contraband joint will not tolerate guerrilla invasions and long, we, as a nation, have left the initia resolution is also dying in a Foreign Af power seizures of Latin American coun tive to Communist enemies dedicated to fairs subcommittee pigeonhole because tries by Cuban or other Communist our destruction. We have waited for of the administration's opposition. forces or Communist expansion of any their blows to fall, and then only im Again I urge the administration to seek kind. provise some hasty action to fend them immediate passage of these two joint Seventh. Use our national power to off. In this atomic age only a few micro resolutions. the extent and in the manner required seconds of attack warning may exist be Briefly, the contraband joint resolu to free the Cuban people and give them tween survival and extinction. They tion is a formal declaration that Com the right of self-determination. are far too short for us any longer to munist arms and munitions are contra To implement the portions of these tolerat;e the possibility of devastating band in the Western Hemisphere, a di recommendations dealing with applica military surprise from international rection to the President to promulgate a tion of the Monroe Doctrine, early in communism south of our border. specific list of contraband arms and this Congress I introduced a joint This Nation must develop, enunciate, and pursue forthright and effective pol munitions, including petroleum products, resolution to forestall intervention,. and an authorization for enforcement of domination, control and colonization by icies within the inter-American peace the declaration by appropriate use of the international Communist conspiracy structure that actually will keep inter national communism off the American U.S. airpower and U.S. seapower. in the New World. Because of the ad This is the way it works: ministration's opposition, this joint Continents. That is all I am asking resolution is now dying in a Foreign Af the President and the Congress to do. On the declaration of a contraband, It is what a vast majority of the Amer international law recognizes a right of fairs Subcommittee pigeonhole. I urge enforcement. The procedure is peace the administration to reverse its at ican people know in their hearts and their minds must be done. ful. A U.S. patrol aircraft spots a Com titude and seek immediate passage of munist-bloc ship headed toward Cuba this joint resolution. I am seeking U.S. action and initia tive to stop the Reds now, before it is or elsewhere in the Americas. It signals Simply stated; the joint resolution for a U.S. destroyer to intercept and does the following: too late. Unless we do so, we permit the First. Recognizes the vital danger to stage to be set for a series of Red back search the ship. all American nations of a direct or in door takeovers that eventually will en If Communist arms or munitions are direct intervention by international gulf not only the Americas, ourselves, found aboard, the ship is warned to turn communism into any one of them. but the entire free world as well. around. Second . .Reaffirms the Monroe Doc It is our duty to act now and to act If its captain refuses, or tries again to trine's warning to European nations to decisively to forestall this threat. proceed toward a port in the Americas keep "hands off" the two American It is in our tradition of initiative to Navy men can either reboard the mer continents. achieve and preserve freedom begun in chantman and jettison its contraband Third. Applies the Monroe Doctrine·to 1776 that we do so. cargo or bring it to a U.S. port to have international communism, whether It is · possible for us so to act wholly confiscation adjudged. operating openly or' under subversive within the framework of accepted inter The advantages of this unique ap camouflage. national law and principles in so doing. proach, based on modernization of long 18670 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD- HOUSE September 6 standing principles ·.of ·international law, band could not be voiced without im cratic censorship of information about are many: periling one of their own most vital the public business. Only a few U.S. ·aircraft and ships strategies. The .other blade of this two-edged would be required. These would operate It is the peace zone-war zone concept sword-executive publicity .:tnd propa on the high seas. There would be no which holds that all Communist-domi ganda ~ctivities financed from tax interference with the integrity of any nated territory is a peace zone in which funds-remains to be described. nation's territorial waters or domestic they will tolerate no outside interfer Suppression of truth and slanted. self soil. In contrast, blockading Cuba would ence. The zealous intensity with which serving releases, press conferences and require a ring of vessels for many hun the Kremlin acted to preserve this con planted news .stories add up to a formid dreds of miles around the large island, cept from violation during the Hungar able brainwashing weapon which may drawing U.S. naval forces from other ian revolution amply demonstrates the well be employed by the bureaucracy to world trouble spots where they are importance they attach to it. undermine the foundation of informed needed. A concomitant of the doctrine is that public opinion upon which must rest any Once firmly established, the precedent all non-Communist territory is regarded structure of government based upon the would be applicable universally in the as a war zone in which action by them will of the people. Western Hemisphere. to forward Communist goals by applica Mr. Mollenhoff's book is readable. U.S. forces w.ould be acting in a strong tion af violence at times, places, and in An able lawyer, he could have exposed area of U.S. seapower and airpower al the degree of intensity regulated by his and evaporated the apparition of "execu most 5,000 nautical miles from the torical materialism, is always sanctioned. tive privilege" conjured like a cloud of U.S.S.R.'s nearest home bases. Committed to application of the prin smoke to conceal bureaucratic bungling Moreover. it is highly unlikely the ciples of the Monroe Doctrine in one di and burglary. But who would read such Soviets would attempt to escort "mer rection, the international Communists a book? Even lawYers would have few chant ships" with their own warships or can hardly object effectively to its appli clients who would concern themselves otherwise engage in retaliatory mis cation in the opposite direction by our with a constitutional dissertation. chief. It wauld be hard to imagii;l.e intolerance of their interference in our A diligent reporter, who day in and shrewd Kremlin realists risking the start own peace zone by contrabanding the day out has personally observed the frus of all-out war under the most disad shipment of Communist arms and mu trations of the press, the General Ac vantageous conditions possible from both nitions to the Americas. counting Office, and congressional com power and propaganda standpoints, that Although the principles of contraband, mittees to get the truth, the whole truth, is, where th~ir challenge would have to be much older in international law than and nothing but the truth from executive made in an area of overwhelming U.S. ,those of blockade, have thus far been agents and agencies with respect to their strength and for the obviously warlike appli.ed only during the state of military discharge of a public trust and their ex. purpose of forcing anns and munitions conflict, there is no reason why they penditures of public funds, Mollenhofi is into an otherwise peaceful hemisphere. cannot be modernized for application to convinced that the American people For over two centuries the Western the current situation. should know what is going on. Hemisphere has been a vast reservoir of In closing, I reiterate my strong rec A crusader for truth and candor in ac physical and moral strength in the ommendation to President Kennedy to counting to the American people, Clark struggles of freedom against tyranny. adopt the seven-point progrant I have Mollenhoff is seeking in "Washington Communist strategy clearly aims at elim today outlined, that forthwith the Mon Cover-Up" to arouse the American peo inating this checkmate ta Red goals, and roe Doctrine be restored as active U.S. ple to a danger of which I fear they are the imposition of mischiefmaking arms policy and that it be implemented not unaware. I hope he succeeds. and munitions upon the American na only by application of contraband to tions is one of their major tactical moves Communist arms and munitions, but by to do so. every other appropriate and timely ap Equally obvious is the fact that the plication of U.S. national power that de MILITARY MISSIONS IN SPACE United States must act decisively to veloping circumstances warrant. The SPEAKER. Under previous order counter this deadly thrust. Failure, Former President Harry Truman did of the House, the gentleman from Cali weakness. and lack of decision here on not examine the situation overlong fornia [Mr. MILLER] is recognized for 30" our own doorstep cannot but doom us to when Russia flouted our prestige and in minutes. defeat from the broader challenge of terests in Korea. He moved. Asia is Mr. GEORGE P. MILLER. Mr: worldwide dom'ination hurled at us by not all Red today because he did move Speaker, last spring a gentleman who the international Communist conspiracy. with courage when the Kremlin tested addressed the American Astronautical Not only does it undermine our position our will. as leader of the free world in crises such Society made this comment: Former President Eisenhower likewise To the extent that space developments as Berlin and Laos; it rots away the en took fast and effective action whenever have military applications, these develop tire foundation of free-world security the Reds pushed too har{i, and it was ments are as important to our security as and survival. Khrushchev who gave ground. Witness maintaining modern conventional land, Not only are ample foundations for the latter's withdrawal of his ultimatum naval, and air forces. Many military missions action to contraband Communist arms on Berlin. in space may not yet be clear, but they are and munitions in the Western Hemi President Kennedy has antple prece expected by most of the experts to emerge sphere found in the Monroe Doctrine dent for forthright and courageous ac with the passage of time. We have no choice and article 51 of the U.N. Charter but but to guard against unknown dangers by tions. He invites invidious comparisons continuing to support our military space elsewhere and repeatedly in our history. and further Communist aggressions by programs. From the standpoint of national President Theodore Roosevelt in his his seeming agonizing indecision in tak security, there is no safe substitute. time amply affirmed the right of the ing them. United States to protect U.S. interests Now, that statement may sound as with U.S. military forces, particularly though it originated with the editor of a naval units. WASHINGTON COVER-UP military trade journal or with the Air President Franklin D. Roosevelt, be-. Force or even in the U.S. Senate. It did fore our entry into World War II, not Mrs. MAY. Mr. Speaker, I ask unani not. I was the speaker on that occasion, only enunciated our right to continental mous consent that the gentleman front and I stand behind every word I then defense but in effect established the Michigan [Mr. MEADER] may extend his said. Western Hemisphere as a "peace zone," remarks at this point in the RECORD. I hope you, my colleagues, will forgive making acts of belllgerency "off limits" The SPEAKER. Is there objection to me for taking this somewhat devious in the "waters of Which we deem neces- ' the request of the gentlewoman from method of -putting myself on record as sary for our defense/' Washington? an advocate of a strong military posture Further, deep rooted in Marxist There was no objection. in space. I have done it simply to indi Leninist dogma is a ~reverse ~pplication Mr. MEADER. Mr. Speaker, -clark cate that this is nothing new in my atti of the Monroe Doctrine so fundamental .Mollenhoff in "Washington Cover-Up" tude and that it was not caused by the to Communist strategy-that objection to has performed a valuable public service recent notable achievements of the Rus our modernization of the law of contra- in chronicling the growth of bureau- sians in space. 1962 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD- HOUSE 18671 Those Soviet achievements, however, the Senate removed this provision from rely on? I recognize that Congress must have evoked a strident clamor from some the act. sometimes take the lead in directing our quarters, leaving the public with the im I realize the Senators from Nevada and defense efforts. But the issue here is pression that our national space pro Connecticut were not in Congress when more than guidance on a specific policy gram is wasting its substance in vision all this happened and might not be ex or exploiting known potential. It in ary scientific puttering while our mili pected to be aware of it unless they volves evaluation of the entire spectrum tary effort in space starves for lack of studied the history of the Space Act. of technology and weapons systems. financial food and bureaucratic affec The Senator from Arizona was in the The Defense Department, which must tion. Senate then. The record discloses no solve the total military equation and not Mr. Speaker, if I may be permitted objection on his part when the Division just isolated-parts, says it is not ignoring to indulge in a bit of understatement- on Military Application was eliminated. the military potential of space, but is this is not quite the case. In 1960, at the instance of the present bringing that phase along as rapidly as I guess I have been as much impressed Speaker of the House and our commit conditions warrant. as anyone by the voices raised in the tee, the House approved an amendment The balanced program we are follow Senate on this matter-particularly to the Space Act in which it sought to ing is the one devised by the President those of the junior Senators from Ne strengthen the military space function. after meticulous study of the Nation's vada, Arizona, and Connecticut--al This bill provided that "the Department needs, resources, and aspirations. It though my reactions are possibly of a of Defense shall undertake such activi was formulated with the specific aid of different character than that which the ties in space, and such research and de Vice President JoHNsoN, who not only Senators sought to create. If I assess velopment connected therewith, as may chaired the Senate Space Committee for their views correctly, they would feel be necessary for the defense of the United 3 years but who, as chairman of the Na b;,ppier if the administration concen States." The House passed this bill, but tional Aeronautics and Space . Council, trated more on military space activities again the Senate failed to act. is directly responsible for overseeing the and less on peaceful ones. · Since 1959 the Committee on Science development of our total space program. I am not surprised that the Senators and Astronautics, which I have the hon I am positive in my own mind that both / from Nevada and Arizona are interested or to chair, has been meeting day in and President Kennedy and Vice President in this matter. They are good Air Force day out, year in and year out. Perhaps JOHNSON are keeping a sharp eye upon Reserve generals and are quite properly 90 percent of our work has been devoted all the needs of our space effort--civilian, concerned with the defense of the Na to space, and we have never failed to try and military. ·When more should be tion. I am, however, a little startled to keep abreast of military developments done-and can be done-in either area, to find them apparently unaware of what and desires in the field. We have con I am confident it will be done. . has been going on these past few years. stantly called officers of all the armed Dr. Harold Brow:n, director of defense One is almost led to believe that Congress services before us to keep us up to date. research and engineering, has told us: has never before considered the military I suspect that there is more than one We must engage in a broad program cov use of space and tnat awareness of its military authority who would be rather ering basic building blocks which will de potential has just materialized for the pleased if we left the military alone. velop technological capabilities to meet first time. We have also poked and prodded both many possible contingencies. In this way I am sure that the distinguished NASA and the Defense Department to we can provide necessary insurance against Speaker of the House, who served as ward mutual cooperation until they are military surprise in space by advancing our bruised in their administrative ribs. knowledge on a systematic basis so as to chairman of the Select Committee on permit the shortest possible timelag in Astronautics ·and Space Exploration On the basis of our experience, if there undertaking full scale development programs and other Membera too-recall how is a:p.y inhibition on the part of military as specific. needs are identified. much attention was given to this very authorities in identifying military pros problem when the McCormack-Johnson pects and missions in space, it is being This makes sense to me. Space Act was written in 1958. The se magnificently concealed., As we see it, Certainly, I will not stand here and lect committee spent 2 months in hear the problem is not one of inhibition, but say that more and better military space ings and another 2 mont_hs in executive one of reducing ideas to a point of feasi programs should not be undertaken. deliberation on that act. Of the 51 wit bility where it is worthwhile to pursue What I do say is that a considerable ef nesses who were called before the com them. fort in this field has long been underway mittee, ·22 were high ranking military The analogy between the present state and that the Monday-morning quarter officers or civilian officials in the Defense of affairs and the prevalent atmosphere backs whose teeth start chattering after Department. The military potential of in the days of Billy Mitchell, a compari every Russian spectacular might ex space was explored thoroughly at that son which the critics wave about with hibit a bit more faith in those who have time and special care was taken in the abandon, seems to me a poor one. Billy the actual responsibility for the defense act to see that it would be developed. Mitchell knew exactly what he wanted of the country. Our defense officials are Thus, in the very beginning of the manned bombers. But the space pro not dolts, and I suspect that their deci Space Act we provided this: gram's critics are vague about what they sions ·are based on information and in want. Something really good, they say, telligence which is somewhat superior to Activities peculiar to or primarily asso that of their lay critics. If not, we are ciated with the development of weapons sys is bound to turn up. That's fine. I tems, military operations, or the defense of agree. And as it does, I say "let's go." I indeed in a bad way. the United States (including researc~ and cannot understand, however, initiating Parenthetically, I find it inter.esting development necessary to make effective pro a program when the requirement it must that some of the most articulate defen vision for the defense of the United States) meet is unknown or can be better met by ders of our constitutional system are not shall be the responsibility of, and shall be di another system. Is this myopia on my above a backhand jab at that system rected by, the ·Department of Defense. part? Does this make me a Pollyanna when it thwarts their own immediate ob A large part of the debate in both where space exploration is concerned? jectives. Thus Defense Department Houses centered on the military ramifi I am only an ex-artilleryman from civilians, who are charged by the Con cations of space, and both the present World War I and perhaps do not possess stitution with broad control of military Speaker. of the House and the present the military sophistication of my col policy, become "whiz kids" whel). they fail Vice President, who then served as chair leagues in the other body-but I do not to respond to the pet ideas of these man of the Senate . Space Committee, believe my logic can be refuted if I go otherwise champions of the law. took particular pains to explain this to the professionals for advice on secur Mr. Speaker, just what is it the Rus phase of the act to their respective ity matters. I believe the Office of the sians have accomplished with their twin Chambers. Secretary of Defense and our Joint cosmonauts? · Moreover, in the House version of the Chiefs of Staff know what they are about Those who say our own program is act there was a Division on Military Ap in regard to tactics and strategy. If weak imply that this achievement plications set, up within NASA . and they do not, the taxpayers of America amounts to a military breakthrough. charged with responsibility for helping are being. mesmerized into the biggest Tneir case would be more impressive if to develop the military use of space. ! boondoggle in recorded history. This is they would -describe in detail how or will have more to say on this later, but what we pay them for ami if we cannot why. it is a breakthrough. Apparently, for ·the present let me simply note that rely on their judgment, whose shall we they cannot. · They just say that it 18672 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD- HOUSE September 6 means we are further than ever behind pounds, on their Venus shot of February its direction and momentum, and the the Soviets-and then they proceed to 1961-a shot which got lost, incidentally, space contest itself. beat the military drums with an energy and which even Professor Lovell could I do not believe we are doing badly. I which, I must confess, I find myself not find for them. While this exceeds would like to remind my colleagues that envying. our present capability, it is apparent that the Soviets were working on manned One of the most interesting witnesses the Soviets have a long way to go from space flight at least as far back as 1955. produced by the critics is Sir Bernard 14,000 pounds to an earth orbital capa This was evident from the report of Lovell, director of the Jodrell Bank radio bility of 200,000 to 300,000 pounds. Professor Sedov, chairman of the Soviet telescope in England and an eminent sci Now then, does the Soviet accomplish Interplanetary Communications Com entist. The press quotes Sir Bernard as ment signify a weapons system in being? mission, to the International Astronau saying that the Russian feat means that Not on its face, certainly. tical Federation at that time. Six years the Soviets are not far from having the The people with whom I have talked, later the Soviets had a man in space. capability to knock down orbiting U.S. and they number quite a few, point out We put a man there in 3 years from the spacecraft. "They have a clear superi that this was a controlled experiment, time we went to work on it. Their ority in the military if not the scientific where orbit angles and altitudes were of spacecraft was larger than ours, but I sense," he is quoted. the Russians' own making and where see nothing in that record to wince at. I cannot confirm or deny the possible there was a chance for cooperation be Mr. Speaker, the Senator from Nevada truth of these statements, or the extent tween the two vehicles. Even then, there says that our peacefully oriented space of Sir Bernard's military qualifications was no contiguous rendezvous. To ef program is emphasized "to the detriment for that matter. Nonetheless, I think fect rendezvous with a military space of development of vitally needed mili there must be a slight mixup some vehicle not launched by the Soviets tary capabilities in space." where. would be a far more sophisticated prob He goes on to say we must "look at the Last winter I spent a little time with lem. First, the satellite must make· pne record''-which he proceeds to look at Professor Lovell at Jodrell Bank and or more passes over the Soviet tracking and from which he concludes that we again in Washington. We discussed at system to determine its orbit parameters. cannot trust the Russians. length the contmversial U.S. military Then, there must be alinement and I completely agree. But why stop with project Westford-at which the good countdown of the intercept missile with looking at the Russians' record? Let us professor stood totally aghast, "Well," enough fuel aboard to maneuver the look at our own. we told him, "some people think the craft into a prohibitive number of possi That record shows that we are putting Russians might soon be able to knock ble orbit configurations. It is fallacious up over $1% billion for military space down communications satellites. So to conclude, on the basis of any experi activities in fiscal 1963. Is this a pit they think we might need an alternative ment so far demonstrated, the existence tance? In terms of numbers of dollars system." of an operational capability of any kind it is about half the entire Federal budget Professor Lovell's response was a of weapon system. of three decades ago. Secretary McNa masterpiece of conviction. To the no It is true that this is a step in the di mara has described it as a huge program. tion that the Soviets were anywhere near rection that we, as well as the Russians, And this is only for 1 year. ready to shoot down our satellites, he must take either for landing on the The total military expenditure for said: "That is absolute fantasy." moon or for a manned orbital weapon. space per se, to date, is $4,819 million. Those are his precise words. I know However, there is no suggestion yet that This figure can be compared to the because I wrote them down. He went the needed navigation, control, and pro amount of money spent or being spent on to describe the Soviet space effort as pulsion equipments have been developed by NASA through fiscal 1963 of $6,445 "single-minded," "undeviating," "pres to perform this mission. Moreover., as million. In other words, of all the money tige oriented," and "relatively unso Professor Lovell himself has suggested, being spent by the United States for space phisticated." He. said that a "poor" there is doubt that the Russian program exploration-43 percent is military. I nation, such as Russia, would regard is so broad that a military weapon of find it difficult to view this record as something like our own Air Force saint this type is being developed concurrent flagrant disregard for the military's in program to be a "frill"-the hard and ly with their rendezvous capability, terests. expensive way of doing things. They which is a necessary step for them to Here is the breakdown: would never bother with it. land on the moon. There is even some First, for research and development If Professor Lovell is now correctly evidence that their program may be satellite systems, such as Vanguard, quoted by the critics of our space pro directed primarily toward the propa Explorer, and Discoverer, DOD has spent gram, it would appear he has been in ganda to be gained by manned lunar or is spepding in the neighborhood of troduced to some drastic new thoughts landing, with advantage taken of any one-half la billion dollars. in the past few months. Perhaps new military fallout. Second, for reconnaissance and intel evidence has made him change his mind. Of course, this is not a safe conclusion ligence satellite systems such as Samos On the other hand, maybe he was right to draw and we cannot bank on it. Nor and Midas, whose missions are to pro in the first place. should we overlook the fact that the vide the United States with early warn No one in our Government has de Soviets have now demonstrated two im ing, and intelligence of the politically nied that the Soviets are first in the portant capabilities: First, that they inaccessible areas of the world, DOD has ability to launch large boosters. Their have sufficient launch facilities and spent or is spending in this area over a powerful rocket, developed through re rocket reliability to launch two manned billion and a half dollars. peated use to a high degree of reliability, spacecraft within a short time, and sec Third, in the fields of communication can be launched with such precise tim ond, that they have the ability to time and navigation satellite systems, such as ing that it reportedly placed Cosmonaut launches with great precision. These Advent, Courier, and the Transit proj Popovich within 3 miles of Cosmonaut capabilities are an important step to ects, DOD has spent or is spending over Nikolayev, speeding overhead at 5 miles ward the development of the rendezvous $400 million. per second. and docking technique which will be of Fourth, the Spadats System, with ~But does this mean the Russians are great value in achieving many advanced a mission of detecting and tracking un about to take off for the moon? objectives in space exploration, some of cooperative manmade objects in outer Not quite, unless they have a new which may have potential military value. space, DOD has spent or is spending in booster as yet undemonstrated. These, I think, are the formidable im this area over $100 million. The cosmonauts announced that their plications of their recent feat. But Fifth, in the space plane research and spacecraft weighed about 5 tons, as these implications are no reason for us development area for such projects as did those of their predecessors. Thus if to put our program in a constant state the X-15, Dyna-Soar, et cetera, DOD they sought to land a 10,000-pound Vos of flux, with projects starting, stopping, is spending or has spent over $500 mil tok on the moon, it would be necessary and shifting in response to each new So lion. for them to place 200,000 to 300,000 viet development. Our undertaking is Sixth, in the Satellite Inspector Sys pounds in orbit about the earth. gigantic, immensely complex. It cannot tem, which has the mission of ren The greatest weight the Soviets claim be assembled and disassembled and rede dezvousing unmanned spacecraft with to have lifted ~to space to date is 14,000 signed and reassembled without losing uncooperative satellites in space to de- 1962 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD- HOUSE 18673 termine their mission, DOD is spending will be available to any agency of the propulsion are being investigated for the approximately $75 million. United States requiring it. lower stages of the Nova and both chem Seventh, for the development of large In his second point, Senator CANNON ical and nuclear propulsion are being boosters, such as Titan m, Centaur, and suggested developing a standard na studied for the upper stages. Nova's job very large motor development, DOD has tional space launch system in support will be to carry out the space missions spent or is spending a little under a of military requirements with applica of the early 1970's. billion dollars. tion to the civilian requirements of our. Senator CANNON's third point envi Eighth, in the miscellaneous area for overall national space effort. I am sioned near-space operations using un numerous miscellaneous research and happy to report that such a system is manned satellites with the capability of development projects, DOD is spending already in existence. performing military communications over one-half billion dollars. Responsibilities in the national launch missions. Mr. Speaker, at this point I think it vehicle program have been divided be Research and development to this end would be useful to take a look at the tween NASA and the Department of De has been carried out in the Advent pro six-point program proposed by Senator fense. Until recently, there were 10 gram since 1958 and was recently re CANNON, of Nevada, on August 20 and vehicles in this program. The addi directed by the Department of Defense. see how it holds up. tion of Titan III makes 11. Develop In addition, there are the Telstar, Relay, First, he urged programs "to conduct ment of six of the vehicles, four large and Syncom programs, with the Depart near space operations using manned and two small ones, is managed by NASA. ment of Defense providing the ground maneuverable vehicles capable of self Development of the other five is managed environment in the latter program. defense and · having the capability of by the Air Force for the Department of In his fourth point Senator CANNON conducting offensive, defensive, and pas Defense. All, however, are available to advocated establishing and operating sive support missions." any agency of the Government having greatly improved earth-based installa As an example, he cited the Dyna work to do in space. tions for tracking and controlling Soar program, recently renamed the What are these vehicles? They range friendly vehicles and for detecting and X-20 and added: from the Scout, a four-stage solid tracking potentially unfriendly vehicles. While specifically a test bed, this project propellant vehicle that can place a 150- We already have in existence exten is critically important to the attainment of pound satellite in orbit, to the giant sive tracking and data acquisition facil effective military capabilities in space. Such Nova, which will lift 300 tons or more. ities for the purpose of tracking and con a vehicle is needed to demonstrate the The five smallest vehicles-Scout, trolling friendly vehicles. Moreover, an feasibility of rapid launch capability, Delta, Thor-Agena, Atlas, and Atlas impressive and hard-driving program is maneuverability in space; maneuverability Agena-are already operational. Devel well underway to extend these facilities during reentry, precision recovery with con opment of the others is in various stages ventional landing, reuse and the ability to and ·to increase their capability for incorporate weapons. of progress. handling our Gemini and Apollo pro The Titan II, as stated previously, will grams. This statement stems from several be available next year for :flights in the These facilities, operated by NASA, are widespread misconceptions. The De Gemini program. It will be able to orbit devoted to the needs of our civilian partment of Defense and the National payloads of more than 6,000 pounds. . program, but are available to 'the De Aeronautics and Space Administration Next up the line is the Centaur, a partment of Defense to fulfill any re have excellent reasons for conducting pioneer research effort in which liquid quirement it may have. In addition and the important research involved in their hydrogen will provide the power to boost separately, the Department of Defense joint efforts in the X-20 program. The 8,500 pounds into orbit or speed a ton has extensive facilities devoted to its own X-20 will explore the problems and con to Mars. The Centaur will be available needs, including the tracking of "poten ditions of hypersonic :flight over the in the mid-1960's. tially unfriendly vehicles." velocity range between the X-15 re Vehicle No. 8, the well-known Saturn, The extent and nature of these facili search aircraft and orbital velocity. It is the laregst U.S. launch vehicle cur ties are classified, but it is certain that will demonstrate a pilot's capability to rently in the :flight-test phase. The first their adequacy has been considered by control reentry and recovery from orbit. stage has been :flown successfully twice. the appropriate authorities in the De The pilot will be able to extend his :flight Two-stage :flights will begin next year. partment of Defense, and in the admin path by several thousand miles straight About a year to 18 months from now, the istration, in making their recommenda ahead or to either side followed by con first model of Saturn, the C-1, will begin tions regarding our space program. ventional landing. carrying useful payloads. The Saturn Senator CANNON's fifth point urged Just a few days ago, the Department C-1 will be capable of lifting 15,000 to establishing and operating in-space fa of Defense awarded a contract for the 20,000 pounds into orbit. A later model cilities for applied research and devel development of a powerful new launch of this vehicle, the Saturn C-lB, will opment testing. As an example, he cited vehicle, the Titan III, with a first stage have an improved second stage and will "a military orbital development system generating up to 2% million pounds of have the capability to lift almost 30,000 for the purpose of providing an orbital thrust, to provide the power to lift the pounds into orbit, beginning about 1965. space test station whereby space vehicle X-20 research airplane into orbit. The The Titan III will provide approxi components and subsystems may be test schedule calls for :flights in the mid- mately the same power as the Saturn ed in the actual space environment, 1960's. C-lB. However, it will have the military which cannot be fully duplicated on But it ts not necessary to wait for advantages of tnstant readiness because earth. The training and performance the Titan m and the X-~0 to demon it employs storable liquid propellants of in-space supply, maintenance, crew strate the feasibility of rapid launch and solid-propellant booster motors. rotation and rescue missions can also capability, maneuverability in space, The largest launch vehicle under de be integrated through the use of the or maneuverability during reentry, preci velopment by this country is the Ad bital test station." sion recovery with conventional landing, vanced Saturn, sometimes called the As Senator CANNON has described this and reuse. NASA is already conducting Saturn C-5. This will have a first stage station, it would be a vehicle for the pur a program, Project Gemini, designed to consisting of five giant F-1 engines, each pose of conducting research and develop accomplish all of these objectives several as powerful as the total of all eight ment. NASA is on record that it plans years sooner than will be possible with engines of the earlier Saturn. The three to include a manned space station in its the X-20. The Gemini will be much stage Advanced Saturn, with the capac lighter than X-20, will require a much ity to launch 220,000 pounds into low program for :flights later in this decade. smaller and less expensive launch vehi orbit, will be employed in our endeavor But there is nothing intrinsically mili cle, the Titan II, and will carry two men to land men on the moon. The first tary about such a station. A mannned instead of one. The first Gemini launch :flight test is scheduled for 1965. orbiting space station will undoubtedly will take place about a year from now. · The final vehicle in our program is the have significant military implications; Project Gemini will enable the United Nova. In the current fiscal year, NASA it will have even broader scientific value. States to · conduct experiments in ren is conducting intensive studies to deter Such a program is a planned follow-on dezvous and docking about 18 months mine just how large and powerful the to the national effort in Projects Mer from now. The results of this research Nova should be. Both liquid and solid cury, Gemini and Apollo now underway. 18674 C9NGRESSIONAL RECORD - HOUSE September 6 Therefore it is reasonable that NASA to be allowed to use space technology in with what others think of us. And I should operate the space station pro their profession? submit that the broad scope of our peace gram. However, the requirements of Not to me, it does not. ful space program, plus the enormous the Department of Defense will be con Is it any wonder that I am completely promise it holds for a better life for all sidered in laying out the program, and dumbfounded to hear the Senator from men, is doing much to enhance America's the capabilities of the Department of Connecticut saying: stature in the world community. Defense will be employed. Such a pro The machinery of cooperation between If we fail in this area and thus grad gram will cost several billion dollars. NASA and Defense will have to be over ually sink in the estimation of other It is not only important to avoid waste hauled in a manner which gives due con nations, if we abandon peace as our ful duplication, it is essential. sideration to the requirements of defense as fundamental policy in space in favor of Finally, Senator CANNON proposed in well as to the requirements of science. · an all-consuming military role-then space bioastronautics experiments If what I have been talking about is we are asking for it. We may then have through the employment of an orbital not "due consideration" then I am sadly to use our military might and suffer all space satellite. Everyone familiar with afraid that I need a refresher course in the dreadful consequences of being space problems agrees that this should semantics. It looks to me that what the forced to do so. be done. Senator wants is not "due consideration" This is not naive idealism as the space program critics contend. This is hard But- but "complete control." Unless, of course, he does not know about the exist headed/ realism. The naivete rests with He says- ing state of affairs. those who have not yet graduated from the military's bioastronautics orbital space Mr. Speaker, if it is necessary that we the Neanderthal school that still thinks satellite program, designed for the determi accelerate the military space effort, per the only way to win a fight is with fists nation of the feasibility of extending manned instead of ideas. military operations in space through ex haps the answer lies in putting the Mili In conclusion, Mr. Speaker, it seems posure of selected biological payloads to the tary Applications Division back into fairly well established that the real cause space environment needs to be pursued as NASA-as the House of Representatives of all this squabbb about the military soon as possible. sought to do in 1958 and which has been in space stems from an inhouse differ Again, there is a suggestion that the done successfully within the Atomic ence of opinion within the Military Es military services should duplicate work Energy Commission. tablishment. The problem is not that now in progress under the civilian space Maybe this system should be applied our civil space program is retarding agency. There is nothing particularly to solve our current problems. As a the military. On the contrary, it is military about solutions to problems in matter of fact, during a recent briefing enhancing it and will continue to do so volved in the effects of long-term of congressional staffs by Deputy Secre in the future. The problem is that the weightlessness, radiation, and _isolation. tary of Defense Gilpatric, the service military space enthusiasts have not been The capabilities 'of both civilian and Secretaries, the civilian Chiefs of Staff, able to obtain all the green lights they military research agencies should be and General Lemnitzer of the Joint want from their bosses. brought to bear on these problems in a Chiefs of Staff-Secretary Gilpatric Certainly, I do not feel competent to com·dinated manner. was asked if he would pose any objec judge this military matter. I am con On the record, then, it appears that tion to establishing a defense applica fident the controversy will be resolved in the critics of our space program are not tion group within NASA to take care time---and expeditiously, I hope. asking that we do twice as much-but of the military space requirements. Mr. I am serving notice now, however, that that we do everything twice. I do not Gilpatric asked Air Force Secretary I do not intend to stand idly by and see think the economy will take that, but Zuckert to answer this question, and one of the most promising endeavors even if it would-it just does not make Mr. Zuckert's answer was: We, in es ever attempted by this or any other sense. sence, have already started this by as nation-our civil space program-set up And how about the reciprocal use of signing General Ritland's manned space as a patsy in a bureaucratic donnybrook the knowledge we are gaining? Science flight group·to collaboration with NASA. for which it is in no way responsible. knows no exclusive applications. Tech Mr. Speaker, the Soviets are going to nologically speaking, what is developed score a lot more with their space pro by civilians can be used militarily and gram. This should not surprise any CUBA vice versa. one by now. Nor should we be surprised The SPEAKER pro tempore (Mr. That is why we have an Aeronautics when Mr. Khrushchev rattles his rock LIBONATI) . Under previous order of and Astronautics Coordinating Board set ets internationally after every success. the House, the gentleman from Alabama up between NASA and the Defense De Why should he not? After all, this is [Mr. SELDEN] is recognized for 30 min partment. The Board consists of nu the main string to the Soviet bow so far utes. merous scientific panels with an equal as impressing the West is concerned. Mr. SELDEN. Mr. Speaker, the ulti number of military and civilian special But I do not believe we need to throw mate responsibility for our foreign pol ists serving on each. It has been oper the panic switch at each new Russian icy lies with the executive branch of our ating for several years, and very well, too. achievement in space. Second, in my Government. Yet, the Congress has the This is why there is regular, perma opinion, it would be the height of dip right and duty to speak out on issues nent liaison between NASA's Office of lomatic irresponsibility to mimic the So which vitally affect the security of every Manned Space Flight and the Manned viets or to abandon our emphasis of the American. Space Flight Command of the Air Force peaceful exploration of space-an em Cuba today is a captive nation. It is Systems Command. The Air Force re phasis which the American Government a land occupied by Soviet personnel, gov cently created this command just to take evolved with careful deliberation in the erned by a puppet regime. Like Hun advantage of NASA's work in the field. National Aeronautics and Space Act of gary's Kadar, Cuba's Castro now re This is why 181 Army, Navy, and Air 1958. quires military reinforcement from the Force personnel are assigned to NASA as The United States is scoring, too. If Kremlin to maintain his grip on his cap part of its operating organization. In you want to look at box scores of suc tive people. fact, the Gemini and life sciences pro cessful space endeavors of all kinds, the As chairman of the House Subcommit grams of NASA are both headed by Air present status is roughly: United States, tee on Inter-American Affairs, I have Force officers. NASA's use of qualified 85; U.S.S.R., 22. made every effort for almost 3 years to military personnel is well known. Tiros, Transit, Telstar, Echo, Pioneer alert the executive branch and the This is why all of NASA's major space V-these remarkable American ven American people to the grave danger missions -to date have been launched tures-which have no Communist coun Cuba and communism pose to our hemi from a military facility-Cape Canav terpart that we know of-have had their sphere. eral-using military-developed boosters effect, not only on the public at large In January 1960, I stated that democ that can accommodate either a warhead and the scientific fraternity but on mil racy was dead in Cuba and asked for a or a scientific payload. itary and diplomatic circles around the fir}ller stand against Castro. Does this sound as though the civilian world. In March 1960, I asked for immediate space effort is frustrating ow· poor, de Let us not kid ourselves. In this mod action to counter Castro's campaign of fenseless military men who want so badly ern age our first line of defense rests anti-U.S. propaganda. 1962 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD- HOUSE 18675 In June 1960, I stated that this coun The American people should know the Caribbean area to sign a manifesto call try could not afford to ignore "mounting critical nature of the current Cuban sit ing for the Communist takeover of Cuba. evidence that the present Cuban Gov uation. They should understand that Today, that takeover is an accom ernment is being used to further the in there is now no easy, painless way out of plished fact. ternational Communist conspiracy." this crisis. Castro's regime will not con Twenty-nine months ago-in Febru In August 1960, I criticized the failure veniently disappear, nor can it be elimi ary of 1960-I warned that we should of the Inter-American Conference at nated witr~out a major effort on our part. not be surprised one day to find a Soviet San Jose, Costa Rica, to face up directly The course ahead is dangerous, and missile base in CUba-proof positive of to the threat of Castro. our people must fully understand the Communist encroachment in Latin In March 1961, I urged the ending of perils and grim possibilities involved America. trade with Cuba. · should this Nation take action to eradi Today, that Soviet missile base exists In April 1961, I introduced a House cate Castroism from the hemisphere. in Cuba. resolution calling for imposition of sanc For Cuba is not an isolated problem. It Two years ago this month I warned tions against CUba and the immediate is a part and · parcel of the worldwide· that Soviet activity in CUba was produc exclusion of Cuba from the Inter-Amer struggle between the free and Commu ing a volcano that was likely to blow up ican Defense Board. This resolution was nist worlds-a battle being waged also 'in our faces. overwhelmingly approved by the House. in Berlin, in southeast Asia, in the Mid Today, that volcano is exploding. In June 1961, I urged collective action dle East. In March of 1961 I told President Ken against Cuba by the Organization of It is for the President alone to assess nedy that the existence of a Soviet Gov American States. the dangers and calculate the risks in ernment in Cuba was imperiling every In October 1961, I pointed out that the each and all of these areas. It is for free government in the Western Hemi failure of the OAS to face up to the him to weigh the risks involved by ac sphere and urged .him to invoke a total Castro threat was weakening the prin tion-as well as the risks involved by economic embargo against this Com ciple of hemispheric cooperation. failing to act. munist government and to take all other Early this year, following the Confer Of this we can be sure: The history noneconomic actions necessary to re ence at Punta del Este, Uruguay, where of the cold war demonstrates that when turn CUba to the free world. • the nations of the Western Hemisphere ever the free world has faced up to the In August of 1961 my bill prohibiting for the first time publicly recognized the Communist threat, the Communists have the interstate or foreign shipment of danger of a Communist Cuba, I reported backed down; and whatever the perils Cuban goods was passed unanimously by to the House: involved should the President act to this House. I said at that time that I The United States and its hemispheric meet the Communist menace to our could not see how we in the United allies must proceed with the work set out hemisphere, the American people are States could .stand still any longer and by the final act of Punta del Este. We must prepared to meet their responsibilities allow Castro's Communist Cuba to con continue and intensify our efforts to free on behalf of freedom. tinue its outrageous acts. the Cuban people from the tyranny of Cas Let Castro and his Kremlin masters It was during this same month of tro and to turn back the international threat make no mistake. The people of the August 1961, that I introduced my his government poses. United States are gravely concerned amendment to the Mutual Security Act, To be sure, mine has not been the only over what has taken place in Cuba and, which is now public law, enabling the voice to warn of the Castro menace and as the President himself has warned, President to invoke a total and absolute the dangers of a continued wait-and-see "our restraint is not inexhaustible." embargo against Cuba-which he did in policy toward Communist Cuba. Nor can Mr. FASCELL. Mr. Speaker, will the February of 1962. the responsibility for the current deterio gentleman yield? I have called for a massive step-up in ration of this country's Cuban policy be Mr. SELDEN. Mr. Speaker, I am U.S. political activities in Latin America laid exclusively at the feet of the Demo happy to yield to the gentleman from to combat communism. I have called re cratic or Republican Parties, or the Ei Florida, who is a very distinguished peatedly for the Organization of Ameri senhower or Kennedy administrations. member of the House Committee on For can States and the United States to sup The foreign policy errors leading to the eign Affairs and of the Subcommittee on port and advocate full actions against present crisis span two administrations. Inter-American Affairs: Cuba. Unfortunately, the cautious action we Mr. FASCELL. Mr. Speaker, I wish I have demanded repeatedly that we have taken in regard to Cuba has usually to commend the distinguished gentle the free nations of the Western Hemi been too little or too late. man from Alabama [Mr. SELDEN], chair sphere-must take whatever steps are But little is to be gained from look man of the Subcommittee on Inter necessary to eradicate communism from ing back; unless we find some guide to American Affairs, on which I am Cuba. I have stated, time and again, future policy. We must first realize that honored to serve, for the clarity of his that, failing to achieve this concerted ac the arrival of Soviet military personnel presentation, its timeliness, and the tion through the Organization of Ameri and equipment in Cuba in recent weeks recommendations which he has made. I can States within a reasonable period of requires a total reassessment of U.S. concur, and commend him for it, in the time, the United States must not hesi strategy and thinking toward that clarion voice which he has expressed for tate to act in its own national interest country. over 3 years, not only on the Cuban sit and defense. Let us not compound past mistakes. uation but on · the Latin American sit"'~ The safety of this Nation is the highest There was the mistake of waiting to see uation, a voice which he has diligently law. whether. the Castro regime was not sim applied not only on behalf of the peo Today, with the Soviet takeover of ply one of agrarian reform. Then there ple whom he represents in his district Cuba standing as an accomplished fact, was the mistake of waiting to see but for the United States of America. the Sino-Soviet-bloc powers flaunt the whether Castro was indeed a Communist. It has been my pleasure and my privi Monroe Doctrine, the various inter And more recently, there was the mistake lege to have been associated with him American defense treaties, and do out of waiting to see whether the Castro in his efforts to give congressional ex rage to the democratic American con regime would not fall of its own weight. pression within the limitations and the science. We have waited and we have seen. manner in which Congress may act by Cuba, today, stands as an ideological, Today we see Russians and Russian resolution or otherwise to take affirma political, economic, and military outpost rocket equipment off the U.S. coastline. tive action on the issues and on the mat of international communism-a Soviet And let there be no mistake and no il ters which we discussed. base in the Western Hemisphere for ag lusions concerning the defensive nature Mr. Speaker, the situation that con gression against the free world-not only of these Soviet weapons. These arms fronts the American people with respect military aggression, but aggression tighten an already iron grip on the peo to Cuba is really symbolic of the prob through propaganda and subversion. ple of Cuba. To eliminate Castro and lem that confronts the free world and As such a base. its existence does communism in Cuba today is beyond the communism. It is a crisis which we can violence to every principle of freedom capability of the Cuban people. It will well afford to take some time today to in the Western Hemisphere that has been require, in my opinion, a military op analyze and discuss. pronounced by Jose Marti, George Wash eration that they alone cannot under Twenty-nine years ago ten Latin ington, Simon Bolivar, and President take. American Communist parties met in the . James Monroe. 18676 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD- HOUSE September 6 If we are to preserve the historical bility that the Soviets will seek to force They realize what a multifaceted prob values of the democratic profile of the the United States into a position of com lem President Kennedy is faced with in Americas, we can no longer simply mitting itself totally in Cuba as a mili combating communism in Cuba. They espouse high-sounding principles without tary diversionary tactic for other Soviet realize the pitfalls of force as well as the taking meaningful action. moves around the world. dangers of inaction. Whatever the We have declared the inter-American It would be sheer naivete and irre President's decision, rest assured the system to be incompatible with any sponsibility to advocate total force people of south Florida will support it. form of totalitarianism. against communism in Cuba without as One of the more knowledgeable and We have declared that the existence of suming that the Sino-Soviet-bloc pow informed voices of south Florida is that international communism in Cuba jeop ers would not react. We must be fully of John S. Knight, publisher of the ardizes the American solidarity and prepared to meet whatever that reaction Miami Herald. Mr. Knight recently security. might be-whether it occurs in East Ber published an editorial on the Cuban We have declared hemispheric opposi lin, Turkey, or whatever spot the Com crisis which, in my opinion, accurately tion to intervention by any extra;terri munists chose. reflects the feeling of the majority of the torial power. We must not, however, let fear of their people in my district. However, not withstanding these ex reaction force us into a position of in I would like to read this editorial to cellent declarations of both policy and action. you: principle, we are today faced with com We must proceedjmmediately, totally, KENNEDY MUST FACE THE FACT: ONLY FORCE munism in control of Cuba. and finally with the isolation of Cuba. CAN OUST CASTRO-VIEWS ON THE NEWS A calm and realistic analysis, today, I have long advocated collective ac During the last week of July, some 15 reveals: tion-both military and economic-by Soviet ships arrived in Cuban ports. First. The Cuban exiles cannot pos all of the American Republics against According to the New York Times, they sibly, by themselves, overthrow Castro Cuba. It was in January of 1960 that were carrying "civilian technicians for in and communism in Cuba. Castro first called me a member of a dustry and agriculture, with additional Second. Communism will remain in crime syndicate and an international groups of military advisers to train Cubans gangster as a result of my demands for in the use of modern weapons." Cuba so long a8 the Sino-Soviet-bloc When asked about this development at his powers are allowed freely to bolster the economic sanctions against his brutal re last two press conferences, President Ken island forces. gime. I have many times stated that the n~dy confirmed the report but said, "We Third. Communism will remain in first order of business· for the Organiza have no evidence of troops. * * * I know Cuba so long as not only the Sino-Soviet tion of American States is complete this matter is of great concern to Americans bloc, but our own allies and Latin Amer sanctions against Cuba. and many others." ican friends continue economic trade We have made considerable progress The President is correct. Americans, in with Cuba. along these lines in the past months. particular, are deeply concerned. The un The actions of the Punta Del Este Con loading of cargoes at four ports in dark of Fourth. Communism is acqmrmg a night seems to support contentions that the stronger base in Cuba for every day that ference and the recent vote barring Cuba Soviet Union is bolstering Cuban defenses the free world hesitates to take positive, from the Latin American Free Trade As with additional weapons and specialized eliminative action. sociation stand out as affirmative decla equipment. We must not permit the inter-Amer rations of position. The logistics of modern war demand many ican policy of nonintervention to become We must continue to strive for full col more men behind the lines than troops in a policy of nonaction which will end in lective sanctions-there are still some of the field. So the Russians now in Cuba nonexistence of the free world. the hemispheric countries that trade may not be "troops" in the usual military We-and I am speaking of the mem with Cuba. This must cease. sense. They are called "specialists." However, while working for further But, as the Miami Herald has asked so ber nations of the hemisphere-must act pointedly, "Is there any real difference?" immediately in our national interest. collective economic sanctions, at this President Kennedy has clearly stated moment in the destiny of freemen, we TECHNICIANS, SI? that we will not tolerate acts of aggres must appreciate and realize that the As the Soviet buildup of "advisers" and clock has run out for collective military "technicians" in Cuba goes forward, the ap sion by this Communist dictatorship prehension of the American people will in which will foster further convulsions and action against communism in Cuba. crease. revolutions. An honest appraisal yields the con Even now, demands are mounting that we I say that the very existence of the elusions that the Latin American coun invoke the Monroe Doctrine under which Soviets in Cuba is an act of aggression. tries-individually or collectively-ean the United States has historically resisted the The member nations of this hemi not and will not take the lead in any attempts of European nations to intervene sphere-as well as our friends and allies positive military action against Castro. in the affairs of Latin America. around the world-must take positive These countries are experiencing suffi At_ last Wednesday's press conference, action now-both economically and mili cient difficulty in trying to enforce eco President Kennedy was asked this question: nomic sanctions. _ "Mr. President, would you tell us what the tarily-to remove this fester on the face Monroe Doctrine means to you today in the of freedom and to return Cuba to I am certain that the Latin American light of world conditions and in Cuba?'' democratic progress. Republics will in time be prepared to The President: "The Monroe Doctrine With the co:atinuing buildup of the take military action. But the United means what it has meant since President Soviet engine of communism in Cuba, it States must take the lead and trust that Monroe and John Quincy Adams enunciated becomes apparent that this removal will the other American Republics will join us it, and that is why we would oppose a for not be accomplished by lofty words or as they have in other fights for freedom. eign power extending its power to the West the passing of time-but only through Thus the conclusion is once again that ern Hemisphere, and that is why we oppose force. the responsibility for leadership and ac what is happening in Cuba today." tion rests with the United States. President Kennedy went on to say that we This is a hard declaration to make have cut off trade with Cuba and but the will of the Cuban people alone is We have never hesitated before to "worked • • • in other ways • • • to iso not enough to topple the Communist blaze the trail of freedom; we must not late the Communist menace in Cuba." miltary machine. falter now. To other questioners, the President replied In reaching this decision of force, I The only way to meet this challenge is that we have no evidence of antiaircraft make the warning that we must fully with force in all of its forms-but let us missiles being shipped into Cuba but he con comprehend that Cuba is not merely not forget that when we are ready to ceded that the Government's information is an isolated problem of communism. take that action it must be in the harsh, incomplete. He said also that the Russian Cuba must be considered in the total cold light of the reality of international technicians "may be military technicians." logistics of the struggle between the intercourse between the Communists and OVERCOMMITTED Communists and the free world. the free world. But the heart of the President's hesitancy With the Communist buildup that has Mr. Speaker, the people of my district to intervene militarily in Cuba is found in been tragically permitted in Cuba over of south Florida, only a few miles away this press conference statement: "The United States has obligations all these many months, it is painfully obvi from Communist Cuba, see the stark around the world including West Berlin and ous that only a major military effort will horrors of communism reflected daily in other areas, which are very sensitive, and unseat this regime and we must be aware the eyes of the homeless refugees from therefore, I think that in considering what of and prepared for the strong possi- Cuba. appropriate actions we should take, we have 1962 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD- HOUSE 18677 to consider the totality of our obligations, · Mr. Kennedy should be making his plans Mr. SELDEN. The gentleman from and also the responsibllities which we bear accordingly. Florida [Mr. RoGERS] has long been an in so many different parts of the world." In simpler terms, this means that we are Mr. FASCELL. Mr. Speaker, I ask outspoken and articulate foe of commu· committed far beyond our capacity to be unanimous consent to revise and extend nism in Cuba and the Western Hemi effective if trouble should break out in sev my remarks and to include extraneous sphere, and his work in this :field is well eral areas simultaneously. material. known by the Members of the House. I Kennedy fears that our intervention in The SPEAKER. Is there objection commend him for his statement. Cuba at this time would cause Mr. K . to to the request of the gentleman from get nasty over Berlin. The President would prefer to deal with one crisis at a time. Florida? NAJEEB HALABY There was no objection. STILL, ONE ANSWER Mr. SELDEN. Mr. Speaker, I thank The SPEAKER pro tempore (Mr. But notwithstanding Mr. Kennedy's di the gentleman from Florida. I might LIBONATI) . Under the previous order of lemma, the Cuban question must be met the House, the gentleman from Texas with force if force is required. add that his voice has been loud, clear, and prophetic as far as the Cuban situa [Mr. WRIGHT] is recognized for 30 min The Cuban economy, as the President has utes. stated, may be in a deplorable condition but tion is concerned, and I commend him its weakness will not in itself cause Castro for speaking out again on what he be Mr. WRIGHT. Mr. Speaker, I take to fall. lieves to be in the best interests of his this time to bring to the attention of the As one Latin newspaper correspondent told people and of the Nation. Members of the House some of the very Roscoe Drummond: "Fidel Castro is proving Mr. ROGERS of Florida. Mr. Speaker, fine and hitherto unsung services of the himself totally incompetent to manage the great Administrator of the Federal Avia affairs of his nation but extraordinarily will the gentleman yield? tion Agency, Mr. Najeeb Halaby. skillful in managing the apparatus of a po Mr. SELDEN. I yield to the gentle Mr. Halaby is an Administrator who lice state." man. has the vision to see the needs of the Castro has the loyalty of the armed forces. Mr. ROGERS of Florida. Mr. Speaker, The troops are given preferred treatment to future, the courage to stand for solutions I commend the gentleman from Ala to those needs, and I believe the ability discourage defections from the dictatorship. bama as well as my colleague, the gen So the question remains: How long will the to put them into force. Like all men United States stand by and watch Cuba tleman from Florida [Mr. FASCELL] for who take a stand, Mr. Halaby has oc becoming a strong, well-armed base for com their close attention to this problem casionally run aground of public and munism in Latin America? ever since it developed. They have fol personal criticism. This is the lot of Or, bringing tht} subject closer to home, lowed it most closely and I think their all men who do things. does the United States intend to permit the work on their committee which is the establishment of 'missile and rocket bases Subcommittee on Latin America of the While respecting to the utmost the some 90 miles from our shores? convictions of those of my colleagues who Committee on Foreign Affairs of the have found things in Mr. Halaby's rec CUBA'S DIFFERENT House has been inspiring to Members of ord to criticize, I should like to stress the I am among those who long ago opposed the House because of the firm policy that the idea that Castro should be thrown out you have been demanding and trying to powerfully overriding nature· of his con simply because we did not approve of him. direct in this :field. I commend you structive services. I am convinced, Mr. Cuba had a right to have a revolution. The for it. Speaker, that the truly significant con fact that we did not like what happened tributions made by this able Adminis in Cuba was beside the point. Mr. Speaker, America is deeply dis trator so far outweigh any deficiencies But today's situation is totally different. turbed over the buildup of Soviet mili that may be found as a result of his very Castro has betrayed the people who sup tary personnel and materiel in Cuba. progressive efforts to vitalize this im ported the revolutiot;l. He is a Communist This buildup has been carried out in portant Agency, that by comparison the dictator who would spread that insidious complete and absolute defiance of the ideology throughout Latin America. U.S. policy of protecting this hemisphere deficiencies dwindle in significance. He has collaborated with a foreign power from outside interference. . The man who makes no mistakes is Russia-to extend its system to the Western This policy was established when the one who does nothing and attempts Hemisphere. This is a flagrant violation of nothing. He who does the most is the the Monroe Doct rin e, and should be dealt President James Monroe set forth the most likely to be criticized. Mr. Najeeb with as such. Monroe Doctrine on December 2, 1823. This doctrine was unilateral in nature Halaby is a very able Administrator with NOT FOR INVADING a spectrum of experience that eminently One can be sympathetic with the gravit y and warns of U.S. action if an extra continental power attempts to establish qualifies him for his post at the head of the many problems facing the Presiden t of this important Federal Agency. and yet not agree that merely cu·i;tin g off influence anywhere on the American trade with Cuba will rid us of Castro. Continents. At the age of 17, he won his student Kennedy says that he is "not for invading Because Cuba has expropriated mil pilot's license. Later he bought and Cuba. * * • I think it would be a mistake lions of dollars worth of American prop flew his own plane . .ln the World War to invade Cuba." The President then erty, because Cuba has bitterly attacked II years, he served :first as an instructor st umbled through this sentence: "Because and destroyed the principles of freedom for the Army Air Corps, then as a test I think it would lead-that it should be--an pilot for Lockheed, and later joined the action like that, which could be very cas and human dignity, because Cuba has at tempted to spread the Communist plans Navy, where he organized and estab ually suggested, can lead to very serious con lished the Navy's first test pilot school sequences for many people." of oppression throughout Latin America, My interpretation of this is, that given -and because Cuba has . turned a bloody and became its chief instructor. sufficient provocation in the form of an overt Red, there is a definite need to reassert He flight-tested America's first jet hostile act by Castro, Jack Kennedy would the Monroe Doctrine, particularly now, plane, the Lockheed YP-80, and later love to invade Cuba and wipe out the sad when the Soviet Union has flooded Cuba made the first continuous transconti memory of the fiasco at the Bay of Pigs. with Communist military equipment, nental jet-powered flight. Who could be But in the absence of such a fortuitous better qualified as an expert on aviation? development, he is reluctant to move be supplies, and personnel, thereby formally cause of Berlin and possibly the adverse re establishing a Soviet satellite in the Today, at the age of 46, he has achieved action of world opinion. Western Hemisphere. I have introduced a record of accomplishment not only in a resolution, a formal legislative measure aviation but as an attorney, businessman, NOW IS THE TIME and Government administrator. Still, the day is approaching when Ken to reaffirm the Monroe Doctrine. Adop n edy must act. tion of this resolution by the House of As an administrator, Mr. Halaby has For people will not long understand why Representatives, which is significantly always insisted on knowing the facts. U.S. troops are sent to root out Communist poised on the eve of the closing days of Once they were in, he has not hesitated guerrillas in South Vietnam when we do the 87th Congress, will give clear indica to speak up for what he believes is right. nothing to prevent the Russians from t aking tion to those who administer our foreign Najeeb Halaby is a man of direct ac over Cuba. policy that the American people want to tion.. When there is a major aircraft The Cuban situation can no longer be re accident, you will find Mr. Halaby on garded merely as the unhappy aftermath revitalize this doctrine, return to our of an anti-Batista revolution. proud heritage, and establish an effec the scene, taking personal charge of the Castro's Russian-supported police state tive course in dealing with this new FAA phase of the investigation. now constitutes a deadly peril to this hemi threat of communism to the American When the improved Lockheed Electra sphere-ideologically and militarily. Hemisphere. needed to be tested for airworthiness, it 18678 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD- HOUSE September 6 was Mr. Halaby himself who took up the CAB to bring new standards to the sup the new management did not obtain CAB plane and put it through a rigorous series plemental air carriers, six of the com permission prior to obtaining control of of tests. This was after Halaby's ap panies in business last November did not the company, and that California Air pointment but before he took omce. even bother to apply for new operating motive, a certificated repair station, had When he wondered if Government reg certificates. In addition, the FAA has a controlling interest in the company. ulations were needed to control the new omcially recommended the denial of ap CAB subsequently withdrew its show sport of skydiving, Mr. Halaby strapped plications of four others because they cause order on a finding that California on a parachute and made a jump for do not meet the operating standards. Airmotive was no longer amliated with himself. The Agency did, of course, state to the company, and it was the CAB which When he was at the controls of an the CAB that 20 applicants were, on advised FAA it could proceed with cer FAA plane that clipped the wing of an the date indicated, complying with the tification. airliner while taxiing on the ground, safety rules and regulations admin FAA, therefore, approved the opera Mr. Halaby promptly fined himself $50. istered by the FAA. The FAA did not tion of the newly managed and operated Although some of his critics accuse have responsibility, I discover, for mak Associated Air Transport on July 27 fol him of seeking more power, the facts ing a recommendation on the basis of lowing an intensified reinspection of this show that Mr. Halaby has done a great economic qualifications, traditionally carrier. deal to decentralize the FAA, vesting and legislatively the responsibility of It is true that MATS did disqualify more authority in the regional omces the CAB, or upon their record of com Associated under its former manage around the Nation. pliance or violation of the Board's eco ment and so did the Federal Aviation He also has gone to the grassroots of nomic regulations. Nor was it the re Administration. MATS has not con aviation in seeking to make the FAA sponsibility of the FAA to consider the ducted a capability survey on the new more responsive to the needs of the in cost, the convenience or the desirability ly certificated Associated Air Transport. dustry. He sent out letters asking the of their service as would customers such So the charges recently made in this re views of 300,000 U.S. pilots and went as the Military Air Transport Service. gard really concern an old management around the country to a series of "air It seems that the CAB records dis and do not apply· to the present com share" meetings-"hangar flying'' ses closed that seven supplemental carriers, pany. sions in which pilots were encouraged which one of our colleagues cited as In regard to another carrier involved, to sound off not only with their gripes having been cleared by the FAA and United States Overseas Airlines, there but with constructive suggestions. later found unfit by the CAB, have not were thorough reinspections by the FAA Recently one of our distinguished and finally in complete fact been found un in January 1962. FAA at that time re respected colleagues on the floor of the fit by the CAB; at least, omcial action issued their operating certificate. House made some remarks with respect by that Board has not been taken in MATS subsequently canceled the United to the record of the Federal Aviation this respect. What apparently has hap States Overseas Airlines contract based Agency regarding supplemental air car pened is that because of the past record primarily on poor service, past violations riers. Because of my interest in this of violation of the Board's regulations, which were filed in 1960 and the first part matter I immediately asked the Federal primarily pertaining to allowable num of 1961 and poor housekeeping. Aviation Agency, and Mr. Halaby in par bers of flights between given terminals, Mr. Halaby advises me that he was ticular, for their comments with respect one of the bureaus of the CAB took a naturally concerned over this action and to this discussion. position-subject to change or revision directed the Assistant Administrator for There were 31 supplemental air car by the Board itself when all the evi the FAA eastern region to reinspect this riers, I discovered, on that night of No dence is in-in opposition to the appli carrier when this occurred. This was vember 8, 1961, the night of the tragedy cation. But the important point, it accomplished to the .satisfaction of the of the Imperial Airlines accident. Now, seems to me, is that this view was not eastern region after expending more has Mr. Halaby done nothing to cor reached on the basis of the safety fac than 1,700 man-hours of inspection. In rect the situation that existed prior to tors which under the law are the re order to be doubly certain, Mr. Halaby that time? I think that he has done sponsibility of the FAA to determine. then directed three key headquarters of much and that the record will disclose The Military Air Transport Service ficials to check on the findings of eastern that he has. has, as was indicated by our colleague region. In view of a questionable credit As a result of that tragedy and con from Pennsylvania, disqualified three of rating on the carrier, Mr. Halaby gressional interest and the FAA's own the seven, but once again its decision checked with Mr. Boyd, Chairman, CAB, expanded and determined inspection to disqualify them was reached on an who later advised him that the CAB con program, four of those operating certif entirely different basis than those which sidered the carrier financially acceptable icates were subsequently suspended. I fall under the purview of either the in view of a recent $1,017,000 judgment believe a matter of primary interest FAA or the CAB. MATS is a customer. received against the U.S. Government. would be that the accident rate in the If the carrier does not convince them of The later action of the Board in issuing supplemental air carrier ,business has its capability to provide the quality of a show cause order for withdrawal of dropped from 38 fatalities per 100,000 service they desire and need, MATS can the carrier's economic license was predi hours flown in 1961 to no fatalities from eliminate that carrier from the bidder cated upon violation of the Board's eco January 1, 1962, to the present time. list, as was indeed done in three cases. nomic regulations and not upon safety On last July 10 the Congress voted But this does not necessarily mean that considerations or financial capability. to amend the Federal Aviation Act, MATS found the carrier unsafe. For The recent FAA inspections of United strengthening the hand of the CAB in example, one carrier doing exclusive States Overseas Airlines indicated that dealing with supplemental carriers. The military contract flying was suspended this company was operating safely and, law required the supplementals to apply by the Agency because of crew training as a matter of fact, has incorporated for new operating authority and gave practices, even though it was perform safety practices that they intend to re the CAB the responsibility for issuing ing in an acceptable fashion for the Air quire on other carriers. A MATS ca certificates after it was determined that Force customer. pability survey will be conducted on this the applicant was "fit, willing, and able." In regard to the matter of Associated carrier within the next few days. The CAB, in turn, asked the Federal Air Transport's certificate, this was sus I felt, Mr. Speaker, that these matters Aviation Agency to determine whether pended by the Federal Aviation Agency should be entered into the RECORD in the applicants were meeting the operat on March 9, 1962. The management order that the House might have a full ing safety rules and whether the flight later sold their certificate to new man and complete history of the activities operations were safe. While the FAA agement located in Burbank, Calif. The that have been conducted by the Federal was examining for safe operation in the new management made application for Aviation Agency, particularly with re technical sense, the CAB's Bureau of renewal of the Federal Aviation Agency gard to the specific carriers under dis Economic Regulations was directed to certificate and, although from a safety cussion, in its earnest endeavor to pro determine legal eligibility, economic ca viewpoint FAA was of the opinion this mote the air safety of this Nation. pacity, ability, and willingness to comply carrier was fit and able, FAA withheld It is not an easy task that Mr. Halaby with the Board's economic regulations. reissuance until the CAB approved the faces. Any time a man has the respon Under the new law, and with the de acquisition. The CAB then issued a sibility of determining whether a carrier termination of the FAA as well as the show cause order charging in effect that is safe or whether an airport is safe, he 1962 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD - HOUSE 18679 naturally is forced occasionally to step provide for adequate staffing of the mi I:Iouse of Representatives. The reason: A on sensitive economic toes and thus in nority. That kind of support is much lot of Congressmen are afraid he would play politics with the dough. a position to receive severe criticism. appreciated. They all want a more ef Whatever gave them such a wild notion as Mr. Halaby has not sought to avoid crit fective Congress. There are many in that? After all, the President has said time ICism. He has taken a stand and he has this Congress and many in the country and time again he would use the money ·only done his job. He has made his decisions who must sense this need just now and where it was urgently needed, and where without fear and without favor. they ought to take a look at the possi many people are out of work. Who in the Particularly important, I think, is the bilities of this approach. world would play politics wit!! human effort in which he is presently engaged, · I point out, Mr. Speaker, that it has misery? Well, Representative DURWARD HALL, Re along with the Civil Aeronautics Board, been a rule and a very good one, I be publican, of Missouri, thinks he has caught to create regional airports throughout lieve, for years to grant the minority the ·administration doing it in the food the United States for the purposes of party regardless of what party it may stamp program, which cost $25 million last safety, economy and maximum conveni be equal time on the House floor when year and has been budgeted for $50 million ence to the flying public. This is not. a bill comes to the House floor. I think this year. an easy job. It is in some cases a thank that is a sound and a fair rule and that "The food stamp pilot program being ad less job. It is a job that requires cour kind of procedure is applauded by all stu ministered by the Department of Agriculture dents of government. If this is sound, has become a brazen political slush fund," age to undertake. It has been known HALL charged on the floor of the House. He among those in responsible positions in then it ought to be sound to let the mi urged that action on the much larger aviation for many years that eventually nority have an opportunity to prepare an standby public works bill be held up, pend it would have to be done. Najeeb Hala adequate case to take full advantage of ing a full-scale investigation of the food by, seeing the need, is proceeding to do it. the equal time they have on the House stamp scheme. So, Mr. Speaker, I feel that a man who floor. Representative PAUL FINDLEY, Republican, has acted with such courage, a man who Mr. Speaker, recently, I think it was on of Illillois, a member of the House Agricul the 17th of August, Life magazine came ture Committee, wrote Chairman HAROLD has been so decisive, a man who is so CooLEY, Democrat, of North Carolina, asking eminently qualified from a personar out with an article, an editorial under for such a probe. CooLEY has just rejected standpoint as Najeeb Halaby, deserves the title, "Now Is the Time for a More the request with this one majestic sentence: the commendation and the respect of Effective Congress" or "For Congress To "DEAR MR. FINDLEY: Your letter of August the Congress in his difficult and ardu Take Some Leadership." I believe there 10 requesting that the House Committee on ous efforts to promote air safety in the is a lot of good sense in what the edi Agriculture conduct an investigation of the United States. torial writer had to say in that important food stamp program is utterly ridiculous. magazine. I have written the editor of "Sincerely yours, that magazine to commend him for this "HAROLD." ADEQUATE STAFFING OF CONGRES contribution. But, I point out it is im Sylvester -R. Smith, Administrator of the SIONAL COMMITTEES possible to have a more effective Congress Agricultural Marketing Service, which really runs the program, expressed the pious hope The SPEAKER pro tempore (Mr. LIB unless more of the very important com that "it will not be threatened by efforts to ONATI) . Under previous order of the mittees of the Congress have an oppor~ make it a partisan political issue." House, the gentleman from Iowa [Mr. tunity to be more effective opposition Representative LEONOR SULLIVAN, Demo ScHWENGEL] is recognized for 30 min and, indeed, to be a constructive opposi era t, of Missouri, has thanked her fellow utes. tion which is much needed now and Missourian, HALL, for having made a parti Mr. SCHWENGEL. Mr. Speaker, for much more needed now as we live in san political issue out of the program be these very difficult times and when we cause we Democrats could not pick a more over 3 months now I have been promot clear-cut issue of how the two parties dif ing a bill that would make for a more ef have to contend with so many difficult fer in meeting the needs of the American fective Congress. It is H.R. 570. problems both on the domestic front and people. Mr. Speaker, as one who has viewed on the foreign front. Today, Mr. Speaker, I .have more evi THERE'S A FAINT AROMA ABOUT THE STAMPS the actions, the inaction and the inade · What are the facts? After an impartial quate actions of the Congress during the dence of support nationwide, and I ask investigation, I'm forced to one of two con last several years, and especially this unanimous consent that the articles and clusions: (1) Nearly all the needy, unem year, the need for an effective Congress editorials I have may be inserted in the ployed people in the United States live in I suggest has become abundantly clear. RECORD at this point. congressional districts represented by Dem-o/ · Here we are, Mr. Speaker, on the 6th of The SPEAKER pro tempore. Without ocrats; or (2) there is some real hanky September in session with apparently no objection, it is so ordered. panky going on, which should be exposed There was no objection. immediately for the good of the country. prospects for adjournment until after Here's why: October 1. This, I sincerely believe, re NEED FOR MINORITY STAFFING SHOWN IN FOOD The food stamp program was set up in flects a lack of firm leadership and poor STAMP INQUmY URGED BY CONGRESSMEN PAUL April 1961, on a pilot basis in eight areas planning as well as a grave lack of re FINDLEY AND DURWARD HALL of chronic unemployment, selected by search and study due to inadequate staff Mr. SCHWENGEL. Mr. Speaker, out Agriculture Secretary Freeman. It so hap ing of important committees of the Con in the farm country of Iowa where I pened that all' eight areas were represented gress. come from, we do not always expect to by Democrats. Early this month, the Agriculture Depart That is the reason for the introduction find in the New York Daily News columns ment announced that the pilot program had of H.R. 570 which provides that a mi of major concern to us. However, the worked so well it was going to be extended, nority party may, on its own motion, if astute columnist of the New York News, in three stages-October 1, November 1 and it believes that they have inadequate Frank Holeman, on August 22, 1962,. December -1-to 18 more congressional dis staff to have up to 40 percent on the staff printed a column, which hits the bull's tricts. All but one of these were Democratic of any of the major committees of the eye regarding recent charges made in districts. The lone lucky Republican was House so that they could not only be an connection with the food stamp plan. Representative ALVIN O'KONSKI, of Wisco.n effective opposition, but more impor When you read this column, you will see sin, who got the Duluth-Superior area OK'd while Freeman was fighting his losing battle tantly be a positive opposition· and have why there is need for minority staffing for the original administration farm bill. an opportunity to study propositions that in Congress, for the Republicans should Somehow the Agriculture Department would provide other answers and, I would be able to pursue this matter to its logi planners overlooked the area that has the believe, more sound answers to many of cal conclusion. There are dozens of ex highest rate of unemployment in the coun the complex problems that confront a amples like this every week in Congress. try, according to the Labor Department free, vigoro·.1s, and growing society like The time is here when action on these Johnstown, Pa., with more than 12 percent our own. matters is called for, and the first step ~dle. Mr. Speaker, since I have introduced that must be taken is the obtaining of REPUBLICAN PLEAS FALL ON DEAF EARS this bill, many Members of the Congress adequate minority staff for the Repub The Johnstown area is represented in Con lican Members of the House and Senate. gress by a Republican, JOHN P. SAYLOR. His on both side of the aisle, many people pleas to be included in the food stamp pro in Government and many political writ CAPITAL Cmcus gram were ignored, as were those of other ers and a host of avid students of gov (By Frank Holeman) . GOP Members in badly dep:ressed areas. ernment have come out in support of WASHINGTON, August 21.----c-President Ken But the expansion planners did include this very much needed legislation which nedy is going to have trouble getting the St. Louis, represented by Mrs. SULLIVAN, al is an amendment to the House rules to $900 million public works bill through the . though, that. city is no longer even on . th~ 18680 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD~ HOUSE September 6 official list of areas with substantial unem tee was and where to write to. ·. Mr. as much or· more news copy. than govern ployment. Healy, whose Saturday Evening Post per-· mental endeavor, and in the final.tally prob They also thoughtfully added Nash Coun~ sonality feature stories ha·ve been a ~bly constitute a political 'plu_s.' " ty, N.C., in CoOLEY's district, and Choctaw WANTS A MICROPHONE TO THE 1>EOPLE County, Okla., represented by Majority Lead pleasure to many of us so often, is right et CARL ALBERT. in concluding his column by a discussion Like most of his colleagues; KEATING has The score now is 25 to 1 in favor of the of the need for minority staffing. We will no desire to ridicule the way of life of the Democrats. find increasing need to act on this matter Kennedy clan. Instead, he suggests that It is quite a feat in any Congressman's cap the GOP go all out to establish an image in the period ahead. of its own. This is the reason he proposed to have the food stamp program in his dis CAPITAL CIRCUS trict. It means that the folks on relief there the all-Republican conference to serve as a are getting more and better food than people (By Paul Healy) top-level party public relations and advisory on relief elsewhere. WASHINGTON, August 20.-HOW do you run body. He hopes it can become a "micro Under the plan, families approved by State against glamour? If you are the Republican phone" through which Republicans can let and local welfare agencies get food stamps Party, how do you compete with a first fam the world know they have been a responsible instead of handouts from Government sur ily which acts out the vicarious dreams of party and have some positive ideas. plus food stocks. They take the stamps to many Americans by actually living "la dolce In this connection, the New York Senator the grocery store and buy a greater variety vita?" c.ounsels against "sloganeering." He writes : · of food. The grocer redeems the stamps at Take this last weekend for example. While "Many find it insulting. The mental age of his bank, which eventually collects from the President Kennedy was dedicating dams the average voter, I hold, has risen far above Commodity Credit Corporation of the Agri against western backdrops and then sun the oft-quoted 12 years." culture Department. ning himself at Peter Lawford's pool at Santa, But he urges his colleagues to "engage in a b attle against cliches," including the FREEMAN IS THE FOOD STAMP SANTA CLAUS Monica, Mrs. Kennedy was strolling on the Italian beaches in Pucci pants after a late one which suggests that the GOP has more Freeman has complete freedom in picking torchlight party at a Neapolitan villa. rich men at its top than the Democrats. a test area, under a law left over from the The image that Kennedy and his attrac The American people can be made to re New Deal days. The only criteria are it must tive family have been projecting for a year alize, KEATING argues, that his party has be an area of substantial unemployment or and a half has reached the proportions of much the better record on civil rights, Gov eligible for area redevelopment aid, and local a "personality cult," in the opinion of Sis ernment fiscal policy and keeping the pea.ce. officials must be willing to cooperate. ter Mary Paul Paye, writing in the current To sell these principles, KEATING wants the Oddly, those are the same broad criteria issue of the Nation. Sister Mary Paye, who GOP to establish a hard core of 500 highly for projects to be approved under the pending is studying for a Ph. D. in mass communi intelligent young debaters who in turn public works bills. The administration asl{ed cations at Syracuse University, finds the sit would train other Republican spokesmen and for $600 million immediately, plus $2 billion uation unhealthy. seek out candidate talent at all levels. standby. The Senate voted $750 million now "The trend is away from government by THE NEED IS MEN AND MONEY and $750 million standby. The House bill, party toward government by a personalized just cleared by the Public Works and Rules Manpower-and more money to pay for Presidency," she writes. "Mr. Kennedy has it-is the key to KEATING's suggested massive Committees, calls for $900 million now with exploited this tendency to a greater degree no standby. offensive against the Kennedy clan. KEAT than any of his predecessors." ING would like to have much of this man This week, House Democratic leaders are Sister Mary Paye wains that the American quietly polling the Members to see whether power in Congress in the form of Republican people may be responding to the Kennedys staff members on committees. He not"ed that they have the votes to pass their bill. the way they have responded to movie stars Is it any wonder the Republicans and anti while the Democrats have a 3-to-2 majority and the way "other nations have responded in both Houses, the committee staffs have administration Democrats are closing ranks to their monarchs." again to the dismay of Kennedy's lieu scandalous Democratic majorities of 12 to 1 "Adulation of a monarch or a star may in the Senate and 14 to 1 in the House. tenants? be permissible," she concludes. "Similar It reminds me of the fisherman who was These expert staffs dig out and supply most treatment of a President, considering the of the political ammunition which a minor amazed at the struggle of a fish he caught. power he wields, can never be." "What you squirming for, little fish?" he ity party so badly needs in campaigns. Dem Well, the Republicans are far from ready ocrats are ·well aware of this, and they are asked. "I ain't going to do nothing but to believe that the American people have gut you." not likely to change the ratio because of or "adulation" for Kennedy. But they can't ganized pleas from the other side of the aisle. KEATING PLAN DRAWS OVER 25,000 LETTERS TO argue with the fact that his popularity Committee chairmen don't embarrass easily. REPUBLICAN NATIONAL COMMITTEE AFTER rating in the polls is high and that the· KEATING's ideas are a long way from being ROSCOE DRUMMOND COLUMN, WHOEVER SAID, wanderings of his handsome wife and chil realized, but they have stirred some talk. REPUBLICANS DON'T CARE? THEY DO, AND dren hog all communications outlets. Many Republicans in Congress would like THEY WANT ACTION Thus are compounded normal problems t_o make the overriding issue in the coming Mr. Speaker, a few weeks ago I heard· of a minority party crying for public atten elections "lack of leadership." They think that a flood of mail was coming to the tion, with important elections coming up: that theme might make the public think The GOP has no White House publicity ~wice about the family in the Wh1te House. · Republican National Committee as the control tower nor has 'it come up with a result of a column by the noted colum mother-daughter combination on water EDITORIAL SUPPORT MOUNTS 'FOR NEED OF nist, Roscoe Drummond, of the New York skis. MINORITY STAFFING Herald Tribune syndicate. I read on KEATING OFFERS NEW STRATEGY Mr. Speaker, the need for adequate August 21, 1962, a column by Paul The problem has been pondered by Sena 'minority staff continues to receive edi Healy, of the New York News, about tor KENNETH KEATING, Republican, of New torial support from 'around the Nation. the Keating plan and the mail response York, in an 11-page statement, calling for "a One of the pleasures of this crusade to it. I was delighted to hear officially new Republican offensive." The statement, has been to receive letters from dedicated issued just before the all-Republican con that over 25,000 requests had been made fE)rence at Gettysburg on June 30, has been people in many States whom we have for copies of the Keating statement reprinted by the Republican National Com never met, and who feel so strongly about which my respected colleague, the gen mittee. Since more than 25,000 frustrated this subject that they mail to us what tleman from Missouri, ToM CURTIS, Republicans from all over the country have their local papers or stations are saying read into the RECORD, at the time of the written in requesting copies of the KEATING about this matter. The Republican Par Gettysburg Conference weekend. The party strategy, it is wor.th looking at. ty must move in this matter. The House drawing power, yes, indeed, the pulling KEATING, having had the distinction of and Senate leaderships can read the power, of Mr. Drummond should be· a being dunked in Attorney General Robert facts as easily as I can. -The Aurora Kennedy's children's pool, can speak with source of inspiration to us who are first hand authority on what he and his eing dunked in Attorney· General Robert can catch up. Mr. Speaker, "local correspondents of Kennedy's children's pool, can speak with Before that, it was a childish argument major newspapers are continuing to dis firsthand authority on what he and his between Senator CARL HAYDEN, of Arizona, cuss the constructive statement issued fellow party laborers are up against. and Representative CLARENCE CANNON, Of i·ecently by Senator KENNETH KEATING of He first acknowledges in his statement that Missouri, over where conference meetings New York about the problems facing the "propaganda is a mighty weapon" in the tug between the two Houses should be held and of-war for the voters' attention. who should serve as chairman. Republican Party, especially the number one need here on the Hill, the· need for "No one realizes this more clearly--or per THE PETTY TYRANTS adequate minority staff. On August 26, sonifies it more uniquely-than the present The catalog could be extended almost incumbent of the White House," he goes on. 1962, the Boston Herald carried a byline "A normal week's crop of headlines, radio indefinitely ' to demonstrate, not that the article by Paul Healy which outlines the Congress itself has excessive powers-that is and television newscasts underscores the not the point--but that it has given over Keating proposals and the need for ac dominance of the personable, populous, peri many of its powers into the hands of a hand tion regarding minority staffing. It is patetic and publicity-conscious First Family. ful of the individual committee chairmen interesting to note that the Members of l_Iorses, dogs, children, yachts, movie col who often use this authority in a willful the other body who have served in this ony buddies and gala· society events create and undemocratic manner. body previously, seem to be especially as much or more news copy than govern It is not only that some chairmen exercise mental endeavor, and in the final tally prob sensitive to this issue. Among those who ably constitute a political 'plus.' " this power to block consideration of a tax have spoken up are Senators ScoTT, CARL bill o:t: of an education bill (President Ken CURTIS, PROUTY, and JAVITS. The points WANTS MICROPHONE nedy negotiated personally with Chairman Like most of his colleagues, KEATING has WIL"BUR MILLS, of the Ways and Means Com made by Senator KEATING require action, and soon. no desire to ridicule the way of life of the Inittee, on the tax bill as if Mr. MILLs were Kennedy clan. Instead, he suggests that· the the head of a sovereign nation), but that KEATING PoNDERS PRoBLEM oF RuNNING GOP go all o~t to establish an image of their powers are exercised outside the Con AGAINST GLAMOUR its own. This is the reason he proposed the gress and often for personal reasons. (By Paul Healy) all-Republican conference to serve as a top One incident will illustrate the point. WASHINGTON .-How do you run against level party public relations and advisory <;:hairman CANNON, of the House Appropria body. He hopes it can become a micro tions Committee, asked Vice President LYN glamour? If you are the Republican Party, IDON JoHNSON to make a speech at a small how do you compete with a First Family phone through which Republicans can let college in CANNON'S district in Missouri. which acts out the vicarious dreams of many the world know they have been a responsible The Vice President said he was sorry but he· Americans by actually living "la dolce vita?" party arid have some positive ideas. had proinised to make a talk on the San;le · Take one last weekend for example. While In this connection, the New York Senator day at the installation of a dean of the law President Kennedy was dedicating dams counsels against "sloganeering." He writes: school at the University of Texas. Mr. against ·Western backdrops and then sun "Many find it insulting. . The mental age of CANNON was resentful and made his views ning himself at Peter Lawford's pool ·at the average voter, I hold, has risen fat: above widely kllown. As -a result, President Ken-· Santa. Monica, Mrs. Kennedy was strolling the oft-quoted 1~ years." · CVIII--1176 18682 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD- HOUSE September 6 But he urges his colleagues· to "engage in that -committee staff personnel "should be close the information gap of the minority a battle against cliches,'' including the one appointed without regard to political atnlia side, the problem will remain acute. which suggests that the GOP has more ricb tion and should not be dismissed !or poli One hears too often that the Republican men at its top than the Democrats. tical reasons." The intention was to estab Party has few ideas, few alternatives, and The American people can be made to lish a type of legislative civil service headed little vision, or that it is merely the party realize, KEATING argues, that his party has by a director of congressional personnel, but of blind opposition and obstruction. This much the better record on civil rights, Gov this body amended the act, empowering each is a myth spread by our opponents, but it ernment fiscal policy, and keeping the peace. committee of the Senate and House to choose can also be a self-fulfilling prophecy when To sell these principles KEATING wants its staff by majority vote. The ideal of the the party in power denies the minority the GOP, to establish a hard core of 500 professional nonpartisan staff remained as adequate staff to develop distinctive con hightly intelligent young debaters who in the core of the resources (including the Leg structive policies. turn would train other Republican spokes islative Reference Service and Legislative The most severe limitation to the effec men and "seek out candidate talent at an · Counsel) that were to enable Congress to tiveness of a Representative or Senator is levels." fulfill its historic and proper function in the time. Faced with a busy schedule of com MEN AND MONEY legislative process. mittee work, speaking, corresponding with Manpower-and more money to pay for Ernest S. Griffith, dean of the School of constituents, and performing a heavy burden it-is the key to KEATING's suggested mas International Service of the American Uni o! legislative duties we must have staff as sive offensive against the Kennedy clan. versity, and former Director of the Legisla sistance if we are to study and comment KEATING would like to have much of this tive Reference Service of the Library of in depth on the major issues of the day. manpower in Congress in the form of Re Congress, commented optimistically on the Staff is essential for the research, prepara publican staff members on committees. He position of the Congress following the Legis tion, and presentation of major policy noted that while the Democrats have a' 3 lative Reorganization Act. He suggested speeches. They are required for a coordi to 2 majority in both houses, the commit that- nated effort among colleagues within the tee staffs have scandalous Democratic ma "Congress has mastered or has provided Congress and for the effective utilization of jorities o! 12 to 1 in the Senate and 14 to 1 itself with the tools to master, the problem radio and TV time. in the House. of assuring itself an unbiased, competent · The limitation of time is doubly acute for These expert staffs dig out and supply source o.f expert information and analysis the Republican minority in the Senate. As most of the political ammunition which a which is its very own. By the same token it a distinct minority in this body, we Repub minority party so badly needs in campaigns. has mastered the problem of recapturing its licans have an extra burden in adequately Democrats are well aware of this, and they constitutional role as the independent pol covering our committee assignments. If we are not likely to change the ratio because icy determiner-a self-respecting coequal of find it difficult for an individual Senator to of organized pleas from the other side of the bureaucracy, its legal master in policy do his homework in comparison to a Con the aisle. Committee chairmen do not em matters, and in practice its competent part gressman, how much more difficult it is for barrass easily. ner or its intelligent critic. Congress has a Republican Senator to do his job properly, KEATING's ideas are a long way from being done this without sacrificing its own ama covering more area per man, with less staff, realized, but they have stirred some talk. teur standing as the elected representatives than his Democratic colleagues. Deprived of Many Republicans in Congress would like of the people. This has been no small con competent, adequate professional staff, and to make the overriding issue in the coming tribution to the content of governance in a in such a statistical minority, we cannot be elections lack of leadership. They think complex and technical age." gin to match the resources of the bureauc that they might make the public think Since this has by no means occurred, I racy downtown, or of a much better staffed twice about the family in the White House. take a much less sanguine view of our situ Democratic majority on the Hill. ation. Not only have we failed to develop COMMITTEE STAFFING SPEECH BY SENATOR The minority in the Senate is also' faced the strength of congressional staffs, but we by a geographical imbalance. We have lost HUGH SCOTT have also witnessed the deterioration of the key seats in the North and West and we are Mr. Speaker, many Members of this nonpartisan concept of the Legislative Re just beginning to see the emergence of a body, and members of the press, as well organization Act. Roscoe Drummond, dis genuine two-party system in the South. as students and college professors have tinguished columnist of the New York Many of these States have Republican Gov asked me about the excellent statement Herald Tribune, through a series of percep ernors and/or Congressmen. If we, theRe tive columns, has called national attention publican Party in the Senate, are to give prepared by Senator HuGH ScoTT, of to the abuses of the majority power. Con adequate representation to Republicans in Pennsylvania, regarding the need for gressional Quarterly and the North Ameri these areas, we need more staff. If we are to minority staffing. Although several hun can Newspaper Alliance have also carried study such crucial problems as conservation, dred copies of this statement have been . major articles on the subject of staffing. water resources, and reclamation we need prepared, they have been picked up in Certainly, there has been a failure to live up staff authorized to make field .trips and carry quantities far beyond our expectation to the spirit of the Legislative Reorganiza out investigations to fill in the broad gaps tion Act, but was the nonpartisan staff of our knowledge. The ideal of good govern and we have run out for the time· being. concept adequate in the first place? Our More are being run off, but in the mean ment requires that we be a national party system of committee government within the with a national vision serving the national time, the Senator's practical suggestion Congress is based on a differentiation of ma interest, not a regional party hamstrung by regarding the setting up of an ad hoc jority and minority roles. We cannot ex a glaringly deficient number of minority House-Senate Republican Committee on pect committee staffs to function in an iso staff assistants. Staffing needs the fullest discussion and lated nonpartisan world. Rather, it is my We of the minority are greatly concerned support. Because of the many friendly firm belief that we must broaden our con because the means of offering constructive messages of encouragement that Senator cept of congressional staffing to recognize alternatives, through adequate help in re the two-party basis of the committee sys searching policy problems, is presently un ScoTT has had, and because many of us tem, and the necessity for equitable control in this body will wish to carry our full available to us. Many of us have supported of staff resources between majority and Republican initiative on a number of fronts, share of this effort to getting the staffing minority. including, for example, the fields of employ project moving forward, I am including I am in no way suggesting that we move ment, worker retraining, and civil rights. in these remarks the full text of Senator away from a professionally competent staff, But, without adequate staff good ideas die ScoTT's prepared remarks for the press but, that we insure a fair distribution of for lack of public airing. regarding staffing: such staff resources as exists and work to In our system of Government, we cannot increase the number of qualified staffs SPEECH ON COMMITTEE STAFFING BY U.S. SEN rely on one party, the majority party, to across the board. Such a move will im produce all the ideas. By the very nature of ATOR HUGH SCOTT, REPUBLICAN, OF PENN prove, not impair, the effectiveness of con SYLVANIA politics, there are areas of public policy where gressional government. the party in power cannot or will not act. A most important problem faces the Con I am concerned about the unhealthy im The minority party must prod the majority gress if it is to meet its obligation to pro balance that has developed in majority party into action. It must nurse the vide adequate research and staff assistance versus minority staff in place of the orig neglected orphans of majority politics. The on a fair and equitable basis to members inal though inadequate goal of nonpartisan most glaring example of majority party of both parties. As one who has served as staffs. This situation has an important paralysis is civil rights, but on every issue a Member of both the House of Representa bearing on the future of the two-party there will be some facets the majority will tives and the Senate, I observe that this sit system in this country. For the first time ignore or deemphasize in terms of its own uation has too long suffered from neglect and since 1952, the Republican Party finds it party interests. This is simply politics, and indifference. self without control of either the executive "this is the reason the minority must be in Senators are all familiar with the objec or legislative branch. It has had to learn a position to think out and develop its own tives of the Legislative Reorganization Act anew the role of the loyal opposition. In position on every major public issue. It of 1946 in regard to committee staffs. The this experience, it has been gravely handi must hav~ the resour~es to provide a real staffs were to · be nonpartisan, selected and capped by its lack of staff resources. Until competition .of ideas in the political m&rket promoted solely on the basis of merit. The effective co~trol by the m~jority Qf the .Place. It should have a staff to read and report accompanying the ac~ recommended vast bulk of these resources is expanded to study the CONGRESSIONAL RECORD, the latest 1962 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD- HOUSE 18683
~oaks and magazines, pro~essional journals, policy. I have commented on the floor of Would they justify the power of a majority and learned papers; to monitor news broad this Chamber, with other of my colleagues, chalimim to select witnesses to arrive at casts and analyses, to channel ideas to ap on particular aspects of the administration's prearranged conclusions? Would they ap propriate party spokesmen: to think out foreign policy that appeared to us to be de plaud the inaction of some of the minority what should be the role of the minority in ficient. There are policies concerning who would rather keep the personal pre each particular area of policy. trouble spots in the world that need search requisites they have than risk losing them by Good minority staffing should service ing review and responsible constructive criti rocking the majority boat too hard? I minority needs in addition to the actual cism from the. minority. The strong pro hardly think so. This is not a party partisan membership of the committee where pos Arab bias in our Near East policy, and the issue. This is not a division between liberals sible. Where a Member has a particular troika experiment in Laos are two problems and conservatives. It is a contest between interest, say in foreign policy, agriculture, of deep personal interest to me. Yet, with those who are dedicated to achieving effec public works or economic policy, he should out the inclusion .of minority staff members tive congressional government, and those who be able to tap the expertise of minority staff in connection with foreign policy surveys are complacently content with the inequities familiar with that area. When staffing is in Washington and abroad, the minority that breed inefficient committee work and kept to a bare minimum, this kind of co must depend on secondary and not always detract from the power and prestige of the operation in pooled resources among the explicit sources for these policy reviews. Congress. It is a cause that includes in its minority is not possible. . A recent Senate mission to Africa and the ranks representatives of business and labor, Apart from proposing new programs oral Congo included three Senators of the ma civic action groups, the individual voter-all ternatives to the administration's proposals, jority party and their staff. If the minority those who are dedicated to good government much of the hl:!-rd work of legislation and had had a part with a minority staff member above petty political gain. oversight rests in the sifting, evaluation, and in this survey team, it might have been bet Why then have we not corrected the reassessment of old programs. Too often ter equipped to deal with the subsequent wrongs? Why are the loaded dice still in in our budgeting and program· development furor over the Katanga. The Joint Econom play? No one can be against good govern we start with last year's base and merely ic Committee's study of the U.S. economic ment-or can they? I should like to ex weigh the proposed additions. We should policy in Latin America would have been en amine a fe·w of the roadblocks or excuses for be examining the historical basis of pro tirely a majority party project but for the inaction, and answer them one by one. posals as well, including support, where initiative of the senior House Republican There are some who deny that the prob warranted, of existing programs which are on the committee. It has been stated that lem even exists. Chairmen of several com serving their purpose, or the elimination or the staff of the Committee on Foreign Rela mittees have challenged assertions that the pruning of existing progtams no longer use tions is nonpartisan. This is an excellent nonpartisan staff concept has broken down. ful as presently operated. Government is staff. Yet, can a nonpartisan staff serve two They have also challenged tabUlations of or should be a dynamic business, responsive masters which have differing degrees of com majority and minority staffs compiled in the to the genuine needs of the citizenry. Yet mitment to any given administration pol House by Representative FRED SCHWENGEL, without the prodding and questioning of the icy? Can it do an equal job with both? Do and in the Senate by my esteemed colleague, Republican minority, who have no vested the critics of administration policy, espe the Senator from Nebraska, CARL T. CURTis, interest in the growth of the bureaucracy, cially from the academic world, enjoy equal and further researched by Roscoe Drum these new empires of agency personnel may access to both majority and minority Mem mond, Congressional Quarterly, and the become frozen into the structure of Govern bers, or are the best ideas channeled to the North American Newspaper Alliance. If ment. Obviously, effective oversight and in majority, or smothered before they reach the problem does not exist, why are so many vestigation of the administration's programs minority Members who may be more recep of my Republican colleagues so exercised requires adequate minority staffing. tive to them? Without adequate minority about it? In the past few months there An ambitious and attractive President can staff, I fear that we shall continue to oper have been speeches on the floors of the House exploit the national media far more effec ,!l.te at a decided disadvantage to our col- . and Senate by numerous Members. Repre tively than a numerical minority of indi leagues on the majority side of the aisle. sentative FRED ScHWENGEL, of Iowa, has re viduals in Congress. If the minority is to These arguments have all dealt with the ceived letters supporting his stand for more cope effectively with its responsibllity as to more general problem of increasing the ef equitable minority staff from ranking Mem programs presented by the President and fectiveness of the minority in congressional bers of the Congress and outstanding Re the majority, it must have resources to docu government. They are set forth within the publicans across the country. These are ment its arguments. The real results of context of a need for greater congressional indications of a real discontent, not an imag minority effort either in the form of con staffing regardless of majority and minority ined i-nequity. structive alternatives or sound criticism of roles. We may disagree as to the exact form The problem is real. One could point out administration ;policies, . come in the com staffing arrangements should take, but we a number of instances in the various Sen mittee reports, the speeches prepared by mi should all agree that good government suf ate committees where more staftlng is nority spokesmen when the blll comes ·be fers when the minority is deprived of the needed. A few examples will illustrate fore the Chamber for consideration, the means to ( 1) develop constructive alterna where the lack of staffing has limited the amendments offered on the floor and in tives, (2) offer sound criticism and evalua effectiveness of the Senate and Congress. other similar forms. It is doubly important tion, (3) document and communicate its The Aeronautical and Space Sciences Com that the minority have these resources, for views, and (4) check information supplied mittee is moving into new virtually unex the editors and newsmen who control the by the majority against impartial sources. plored policy areas, yet it recently reviewed news media of our country will tend to The fact that these minimal minority rights the $3.8 billion NASA budget in less than a judge the minority and its actions by 'o/hat have not been achieved is by itself the most week of cursory hearings. Observers have it reads of their reactions on the wire serv serious and disturbing aspect of the entire commented on the lack of critical discussion ices and receives from its own services. problem. It has serious implications for of major policy problems before various Maillngs of minority views by the Re the future of our two-party system. Our committees. publicans on the Joint Economic Commit _system of government was founded on the The Appropriations Committee has as tee, including my colleague, the Senator from unwritten understanding that the party in sumed a new importance with the increas Connecticut, PRESCOTT BusH, and my House .power wlll not attempt to exterminate the ingly frequent requests on the part of the colleague, Representative CuRTis of Missouri, party in opposition; that the ins and outs Executive for greater authority and discre and others, have been well received. The can exchange roles periodically; that the ma tionary power. The minority needs adequate House Republican Policy Committee's release jority may press its advantage, but stlll wlll resources if it is to find out what the ad of the report of its task force on Opera respect the integrity of the minority. ministration is doing and planning. With tion Employment last year -Is an exct.llent The majority is not playing by the-rules out sufficient minority staff, the majority example of what needs to be done much of the game, and if the American people will have unchecked control of the power of more often. The response of the press to knew the full facts of the story, their sense the purse. this sort of thing has been encouraging, of justice and fairplay would cry out against The Armed Services Committee, with a de but this needs to be done on a regular, syste the shame of a loaded legislative procedure. fense budget of almost $48.5 billion, with matic basis. It is disturbing to me that many Would they endorse a ratio of 14 or 12 to 1 the rapidly changing technology of weapons minority reports are never written, filed or between majority and minority staffs? and weapon systems, with the recent charge distributed for one basic reason: lack of ade Would they approve a system that places of President Eisenhower to adopt a more cri quate staffs. - virtually complete control of. congressional tical attitude to defense spending, has per The minority Member needs information committee staffs under the majority chair haps the most demanding requirements for from sources other than the administrative men? The chairman empowered to hire and staff. departments and the majority controlled fire, set salaries, and determine tenure? The committees with major responsibUi staffs. While it may be going too far to sug Would they condone the limitations placed ties for domestic and foreign economic gest that these sources are captive, it is not policy; Banking and Currency, Finance, unreasonable to expect some will not go out upon the minority in terms of office space, Public Works, and Joint Economic, may. be of their way to volunteer information inimi travel, telephone calls, secretarial services, called upon in the next 6 to 12 months cal or embarrassing to the policy object~ves and other essentials to the mechanics of to face the first recession of this adminis of the President and the majority party. . adequate staffing? Would they affirm the tration. Will they have sufficient staff, both This need for independent information is policy of some committee chairmen not per the majority and minority, to assess ~he particularly crucial in the field of foref.'gn .znitting minority s_taff to question witnesses? adequacy of the administration , policies? 18684 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD- HOUSE September 6 Will the minority, which has already m ade a ToM CURTIS added that the Ways and sympathy among Senate staff aids as com :rp.ajor contribution toward the solution of Means Committee has no staffer who works piled by Senator CARL T. CuRTIS, of Nebraska: the unemployment problem through a House full time in the social security field. The Republican task force, have the resources situation, he said, is similar in many House Demo- Re- to develop new approaches to the vexing and Senate committees and is made worse Committee crats publi- long-term problems of our economy? The by the political dominance of one party. cans minority has at present only one professional On April 4 Representative WILLIAM E. MIL economist on the Joint Economic Committee. LER, of New York, the GOP national chair Astronautical and Space Sciences .. ___ _ 11 1 One could go on at length but these illus man, wrote Representative SCHWENGEL: Agriculture and Forestry______6 1 trations should give us a sufficient indica "This is a matter of extreme urgency 33 3 tion of the magnitude of the problems we because the condition is so serious it can 25 1 !Bfanking£~c:f~i: andrt;Y:S.- Curr:=ency======______· = ===__=__= ===__ _ 17 3 face. undermine the very effectiveness and even Commerce. __ ------_ ------27 3 The actual numerical ratio between the routine functions of Republican Members of District of Columbia ______7 1 majority and minority staffs has also been the House." Finance• . _____ ------5 1 challenged. Again it should be stressed that SCHWENGEL has introduced House Resolu Foreign Relations. . ------28 0 Government Operations ______44 4 the distinction is between staff controlled tion 570 which would enable the minority Interior and Insular Affairs ______17 1 by and responsible to majority and minor members of a committee, when most of them Judiciary-----______-- ______146 11 ity respectively. Different tabulat ions vary feel the staffing arrangement is unfair, to Labor and Public Welfare ______28 4 somewhat, perhaps by one or two per com Post Office and Civil Service ______10 1 obtain a minority-majority staff proportion Public Works ______11 2 mittee. We can quibble endlessly about of 40 to 60. Also, the 40 percent of the Rules and Administration ______10 1 figures, especially when the exact informa staff appointed by the minority side would Small Business ------18 0 tion about staffing is so difficult to obtain, be paid by and be responsible to the mi Aging.-.------19 1 but, and I stress this, the basic proportions ------nority members, not the committee chair 462 39 stand as imbalance. m an. TotaL __ ------A comparable resolution has been intro duced to the senate by CARL CURTIS, and his While some refuse to face the fact of ScHWENGEL-CURTIS BREAKDOWN FOR COM• resolution has the additional provision that partisan control of committee staffs, and the MITTEE STAFFS-RUNDOWN SHOWS 993 all special committees, too, must have mi imbalance between the majority and the DEMOCRATS, 84 REPUBLICANS ON COMMIT- nority staff representation. minority, there are others who regard the TEES abuses that have been revealed as deviatioi).s (By Sid Goldberg) Representative JOSEPH W. MARTIN, Of Massachusetts, on April 11 pointed out in a from the norm of professional nonpartisan NEW YoRK, April 22.-Republicans in letter to ScHWENGEL that "This move is not ship. They oppose reforms suggested ·by the the Senate and House are moving to in new. England has long recognized this vital minority for fear that an alleged part y crease minority representation on commit need of representative government and has "spoils system" will destroy the professional tee staffs. Right now the imbalance be carefully made sure the minority is ade competency of staff. This is not our intent. tween Republicans and Democrats on these quately staffed." The touchstone of our approach is: "That staffs, all of whom are appointed by the Several Democrats in both the House and course of action to achieve the most effective committee chairmen, is spectacular. Senate agree that reform is needed in the congressional government." We must recog On the Senate .committees, there are 462 manner in which staff members are chosen. nize that these are legitimate functions for Democrats to 39 Republicans. both majority and minority to perform, and On the House committees, there are 461 JOINT COMMITTEE STAFFS HAVE ONLY TWO that this requires adequate staff resources. Democrats to 43 Republicans. REPUBLICANS A full solution of the problem would require On the joint committ ees, there are 70 NEw YoRK, April 22.-Following is a break both a redistribution of staff between m a Democrats to 2 Republicans. down of party sympathy among staff mem jority and minority on a more equitable This adds up to a total of 993 Democrats bers of joint committees, as compiled by basis, and an overall increase in staffing compared to 84 Republicans-more than Representat ive FRED ScHWENGEL, of Iowa: levels- quantitatively and qualitatively. The 10 to 1-who perform the vital tasks of disciples of nonpartisanship make.. a basic doing the research and drawing up the re error by attempting to eradicate the two Joint committee Dem- Repub party distinction from our committee sys ports for the regular and joint committees ocrats licans of Congress. tem of government and its sine qua non, This ratio (which jumps to 35 to 1 for committee staffing. the joint committees) clashes head on with Atomic Energy_------20 0 Some of my Republican colleagues ask why Defense Production ______5 0 the proportion of Republicans to Demo Disposition of Executive Papers ______am I so concerned about staffing now. In Economic. ______0 0 crats among the elected Members of both 16 1 stead, they argue, we should concentrate on Houses. In the Senate the Democrats out Internal Revenue Taxation ______19 0 at least regaining control of the House this Library_------ 0 0 November. When we are back in power, we number the Republicans by about 2 to 1, Printing_------8 1 and in the House by about 3 to 1. Reduction of Nonessential Federal will 'be able to right the wrongs, maybe even In the Senate, CARL T . CURTIS, of Nebraska, Expenditures.------2 0 with a bit more charity than has been shown had an aid personally Visit each committee ------to us, they say. TotaL __------· ------70 2 What is required is a statesmanlike solu and get from minority members or staffmen tion and not political revenge. Our best an up-to-date rundown of party allegiances. course of action is to press immediately and In the House, the job was taken on by House GOP staffmen outnumbered 461 to 43 persistently for a solution to the staffing Representative FRED SCHWENGEL, of Iowa, problem, in keeping with the principles of who, with the assistance of other House Committee Demo- Repub responsible government. Members and some national Republican crats licans The excuses for inaction can be multiplied leaders, obtained the committee-by-commit and refuted. Those who disagree have their tee breakdown. It took about 3 months to AgAppricropultriuatreio __ns.------______-______------_ 10 1 own arguments justifying the status quo. get, and the list has just been completed 48 13 Yet when we pause to examine the immense and given to NANA for distribution. BAramednking Se arndvices.--- Currency------____---__---______------_-_ 15 0 and growing workload of legislative business, A Republican source said the breakdown 12 2 District of Columbia ______8 1 the backlog of bills not yet reported from would have been vastly more difficult to get Education and Labor ______45 2 committee, the prospects for a possible fall if it had not been for the cooperation of Foreign Affairs ______------15 0 session during an election year, can we be some Democrats. Government Operations. _------ 46 3 House Administration.------ 4 2 complacent? My esteemed colleague, the "The country would get much more posi Interior and Insular Affairs. ------7 2 junior Senator from Vermont, Mr. PROUTY, tive action from Congress if committee staffs Interstate and Foreign Commerce ____ _ 25 0 has asked in a speech before this body, if were more equitably divided," Representa Judiciary __ ------42 1 Merchant Marine and Fisher,ies ______8 1 the committee system, the backbone of our tive ToM: CuRTIS of Missouri told NANA. " As Post Offiie and Civil Service ______16 0 operation, is to have "ribs on only one side." it stands now, minority Members must rely Public Works. ______------______40 5 "Do we not a'buse the greatest body in the on the research and reports of staffers who Rules. __------2 1 world?" sympathize with the opposing party. Science and Astronautics ______16 0 Un-American Activities ______51 1 What progress has been made in correct "Not only is the political division of the Veterans' Affai rs. ______------____ _ ing the situation I have outlined and what Ways and Means ______12 2 staffs imbalanced, but the total size of the 17 4 more needs to be done? Select- Small Business ______18 2 staffs is dreadfully insufficient," said CURTIS, Select-Export ControL.______There have been several significant at who was one of several Republicans, work 4 0 tempts in recent months to break the staffing ing closely with ScHWENGEL. He pointed out TotaL. ___ . ·· ------· - 461 43 barrier which deserve recognition and due that on his committee, Ways and Means, credit. there is only one staff member who works Our colleagues, Senator CARL T. CuRTIS part time in the important area of foreign SENATE GOP STAFFERS OUTNUMBERED 462 TO 39 and Senator KENNETH B. KEATING, atteznpted economic policy. , "We need at least 10," he NEw YORK, April 22.-Following is a com in February to establish at least a 1 to 10 said. mittee-by-committee breakdown of party minority-majority staffing ratio on Senate 1962 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD- HOUSE 18685 investigations and special studies. I thilik equities which currently exist in committee able to cover all the aspects of this prob you will all recall the outcome of that. test. staffing." I have had the benefit of the lem. We must draw upon resources in the The issue was decided on a straight party views of a number of Republican Governors, Republican Party and among public-spirited line vote 30 to 55. and I find that the current staffing ratio is citizens regardless of party a1Hliation froin In March my good friend and colleague, of particular handicap to them. These men across the country. We shall need all avan:. the junior Senator from Vermont, Mr. face an especially di1Hcult assignment as a able help if we are to get our story to the PROUTY, introduced Senate Resolution 309, minority representation of this country's public at large and to state our case per which provided that "the staff of each com Governors when they or their representatives suasively to the political scientists, national mittee and subcommittee of the Senate are called upon at frequent intervals to leaders, and other individuals who in:tluence should include such number of individuals testify before various committees of the and arouse public opinion. designated by the members thereof who are Congress. They do not now receive adequate In addition to gathering data and planning m embers of the minority party as may be congressional staff assistance in preparing a strategy to correct the basic problem of required to uph.old in equitable recognition minority views and testimony, in organizing imbalance in committee staffs, the ad hoc of the minority rights of those members." briefings with minority Members of the committee should explore possible innova He was joined in that by Senators JAVITS, House and Senate, in developing their ideas tions in the staffing arrangements of the BOGGS, ALLOTT, MILLER, and myself. In the during hearings, or in following them up minority itself-reforms that could be in House, Congressman FRED ScHWENGEL, of with the various levels of the Government. stituted, unlike the other· problems I have Iowa, has introduced House Resolution 570, One point of particular concern is that the stressed, without recourse to the majority. which would enable a majority of the minor Democratic majority staffs, in dealing with Of course, an increase in minority staff would ity members of a committee, when they are problems of Federal-State relationships, are greatly facilitate the adoption of such inno not satisfied with the staffing of their com more favorably disposed toward increasing vations by providing the minority with more mittee, to request that 40 percent of the the responsibilities of the Federal Govern staff :tlexibility. professional staff be appointed by them and ment than in. developing the authority of One important innovation that 'should be assigned to such committee business as our State, county, and local governments. explored is the establishment of leadership they, the minority members, deem advis I could go on and document the views of seminars. Periodically the joint Republican able. Representatives ScHWENGEL and CUR members of my own party, but how do the leadership of the House and Senate (or of TIS of Missouri, deserve special recognition members of the majority party feel? There each body independently) could meet with for their initiative in bringing this problem are many who know that the present system key minority representatives from areas with to the attention of the House. I can re is wrong, that it is unfair and unhealthy. particular problems not common to all areas member some years ago that the Representa Members of the Senate and House in the with Republican representatives. They tive from Missouri, Mr. CURTIS, was almost majority party who love the institutions of would cover one subject at each session, alone in decrying the imbalance in commit the Congress and are concerned about its rotating the subjects considered on a peri tee staffs, and the inadequacy of staffing position and its balance in relation to the odic basis. Academicians and lay experts levels regardless of majority or minority. increasing Executive power could well give could be invited to present position papers or Today, a large number of the Republicans more active attention to this problem. to testify. These sessions would provide the in the House have indicated their support There are Democrats who are aware that leadership with continuing familiarity with a for broadened, more equitably balanced, the problem of staffing could develop into broad number of subjects in substantial congressional staffing. A partial list of the an important campaign issue. Differing depth. Republican Congressmen favoring reform in points of view are not being brought out The leadership seminars would also pro cludes: Congressmen ALGER, AYRES, BASS, between majority and minority, and the vide a voice for and an outlet for ideas of BROMWELL, CONTE, CRAMER, DERWINSKI, Con electorate may be particularly sensitive to Republicans who do not normally participate gresswoman DWYER, Congressmen ELLS the Republican demands for more equita in ·leadership decisions. They should tap WORTH, FRELINGHUYSEN, FULTON, GOODELL, ble staffing resources. Republican sources and assistance at all GRIFFIN, DURWARD HALL, KEARNS, LINDSAY, What is the attitude of majority staff to levels, placing primary emphasis on practical McVEY, JOE MARTIN, MATHIAS, BILL MILLER, the situation of the minority? Some are experience and knowledge. The seminars MORSE, ANCHER NELSEN, PELLY, SCHWEIKER, candid enough to admit that the level of would provide a forum for any individual SCRANTON, SmAL, STAFFORD, TABER, TOLLEF• committee debate and of the legislative proc member who has obtained a specialized soN, Congresswoman JESSICA WEIS, and Con ess in general would improve markedly with knowledge of a subject of national, area, or gressman BOB WILSON. the introduction of more new challenging group interest through surveys, trips abroad, The Representatives and Senators who ideas. Virtual one-party control of com or by reason of his own study and interest. have fought for increased staffing on an mittee staff has stifled the atmosphere of In this way, the leadership seminars, in equitable basis have received strong en committee work. How many good staff peo addition to coordinating minority policy, dorsement for their cause from a broad range ple have left the Hill because they did ncit could become the mechanism for a two-way of editorial opinion. Typical of the com find their work su1Hciently stimulating and process of channeling ideas from the leader ments of outstanding Republican leaders not challenging? Many have. I am confident ship down to the Republicans on the various in the Congress is a letter from former Vice that adequate minority sta1Hng would go committees and their staffs, and stimulating President Richard M. Nixon to Representa a long way toward infusing new life and vi and communicating new policy ideas and tive ScHWENGEL, which appeared in the CoN tality into the entire committee system. alternatives from the lower ranks of the GRESSIONAL RECORD of June 25. Mr. Nixon I have stated the arguments for and doc committee staff and committee member remarked: "Indeed, the issue is not parti umented the broad and growing base of sup ship to the leadership. I join my colleagues san at all. The shoe after all may well be port for a reform in committee ' staffing. in the other House, Representative CuRTIS on the other foot as early as January 1963, What should -our course of action be from of Missouri, in believing that this two-way but the overriding consideration, all politi here? communication of ideas between the leader cal preferences· aside, is simply that demo First, we should resolve to take imme ship and rank and file is needed in order to cratic governmental processes demand an in diate action. Nothing is to be gained by build a strong and healthy minority party formed and responsible opposition. Your waiting. We should begin to move on this in the Congress. resolution surely works toward that goal, problem at once, regardless of whether we Another innovation that should be con and thus it ought to be vigorously supported can bring it to a successful conclusion be sidered is the formation of a staff clearing by every thoughtful Member of Congress." fore the end of this session. The issues house--a central unit that could recruit and No action has been taken on either the at stake are far more fundamental than the refer qualified job applicants to vacancies Prouty or Schwengel resolutions to date, yet shifting of personnel between the majority on the committees. This would seem to be they are significant illustrations of the deep and the minority. concern the staffing issue has created among Next, after careful consideration, I rec an essential step toward raising the profes dedicated and respected members of the mi ommend that an ad hoc committee be estab sional level of minority staff, yet it has not nority, and they point to possible solutions lished to consist of three Senators and three been instituted on any systematic basis. of the problem. Representatives who have expressed inter When the ad hoc committee has com There have been some encouraging recent est in staffing reform. This committee, with pleted its preliminary work, and consulted developments in the campaign for adequate staff assistance, should review actions taken with the minority leadership, it should ask minority staffing that also deserve comment. to date and make further representations for a meeting with the majority leadership My good friend and colleague, Senator KEAT to the minority leadership. The work yet to present the case for adequate staffing. I ING, in an excellent statement entitled, "A to be done' is considerable. Facts must be feel that this course of action offers us the New Republican Offensive," singled out com organized, research must be pursued, sup best hope for an early solution-to the staff mittee staffing as the No. 1 issue for the port must be mobilized, strategy must be ing problem which remains as one of the Republican conference. The following week planned. gravest weaknesses of, and one of the most the Republican Governors attending the If the ad hoc committee is to complete serious limitations to effective, constructive t!4th National Governors' Conference at Her its preliminary work with reasonable speed, congressional work. shey, Pa., unanimously passed a resolution it will have to utilize outside resources. favoring reform of committee staffing and Under the pressing legislative schedule that Mr. HECHLER. Mr. Speaker, will the encouraging the Republicans in Colfgress ·to we all face, and with the fall elections draw gentleman yield? urge their leadership "to insist upon and ing near, we cannot realistically expect a Mr. SCHWENGEL. I yield to the take immediate action to correct the in- group of Senators or Representatives to be gentleman. 18686 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD- HOUSE September 6 . _Mr. HECHLER. I am very much in of Mr. Meany, who leads the greatest titles proposed -by their own President, terested in the gentleman's remarks. As labor movement we ever had, when he President Kennedy? a member of the Committee on Science told us that the most we could expect Mr. SCHWENGEL. Ye-s;'I agree com and Astronautics, for exampie, where the from the expenditure of this $900 mil pletely with the distinguished gentle membership is nonpartisan in · nature, lion would be to provide 250,000 jobs. woman on that point. And let me add would such a move as the gentleman The committee put it at 125,000. I say further, and I thank the gentlewoman proposes force partisanship into the that is a lot of money to spend to em for bringing up the question of Opera committee? On issues that committee ploy 125,000 unemployed when we have tion Employment, in which we of the mi has to deal with we have a remarkable had up to 5 million in a year. It seems nority were involved-! might say I was a absence of partisanship which I believe to me that if we had had adequate staff member of ~hat discussion group as the is in the public interest. we could have brought out a substitute gentlewoman knows, and I got quite a Mr. SCHWENGEL. I am glad the bill that would have been more realistic thrill out of studying the area on fiscal gentleman raised this point. I know, and more effective. policy by Henry Wallich, who is a mem he too is an r.vid student of political Mr. HECHLER. Mr. Speaker, will ber of the economics department of Yale science and I believe the gentleman the gentleman yield further? University and a very avid student. The taught -political science at the college Mr. SCHWENGEL. I yield. result of that study was helpful to me. level before he became a Member of the · Mr. HECHLER. I would say that any It was put in the CONGRESSIONAL RECORD. Congress. I say to the gentleman, I have thing that would contribute to a more But, as the gentlewoman knows, we had discussed this matter and this very point constructive approach by both sides of no chance to apply the principles in that you raise, with recognized students the aisle would be in the best interest volved because of an inadequate staff in of government who saw the good sense in the House of Reprsentatives. I would the committee that had to deal with this of the bill and that is the reason we not want the gentleman's remarks to question. I think we performed a great wrote our bill as we did so that the mi indicate that I support in any way his public service in showing first of all that nority may on their own motion when -position regarding the accelerated pub we do have interest and concern here for they feel there is inadequate staffing in lic works bill which provided such a employment and the policy that can in a committee, to have up to 40 percent of great stimulus for West Virginia and :tluence unemployment and that there the staff of any of the major committees other are~s of the country with a high are other answers that need exploring of the House. The committee is forced percentage of unemployment. but unfortunately when it gets down to to take advantage of this as a reading Mr. SCHWENGEL. I am interested the technical point and dealing with the and study of this bill will reveal. in doing something for West Virginia matter in the committee it was impos This would not affect any committee and doing all we can to take care of sible for us to do so adequately in most where the minority is completely satis the unemployed everywhere, but I think instances, as the staffs of the committees field with the staff, such as the gentle there are other answers to this problem are composed now. man's committee and other committees that we should try to find, and I think - Mrs. MAY. The gentleman observed like Foreign Affairs, where they are com that if we have adequate staffing in some the remark which emanated from our pletely satisfied. In those committees of these committees we would find some side that we should give President Ken they could not get a majority of the better answers and the public interest nedy a Republican Congress for his own minority to take advantage of this rule. would be served. good and it would follow, perhaps, we But I can show you committees where Mr. HECHLER. I commend the gen would give as Republicans an adequate the staffing is completely inadequate. tleman for stirring up discussion on this minority staff. Just take a look at the Committee on issue. Mr. SCHWENGEL. This is one way Government Operations and you will Mr. SCHWENGEL. I thank the gen for what is now the minority to have an agree with me that something needs to tleman very much for his inquiries that adequate staff. I want to.say to the gen be done in a situation like that. made possible some additional observa tlemen on that side if we get a majority, Mr. HECHLER. Mr. Speaker, will the tions on matters about which I have of course, we will, I hope we will, I am gentleman yield further? strong feeling. doing everything I can to make this hap Mr. SCHWENGEL. I shall be very Mrs. MAY. Mr. Speaker, will the gen pen in my State and elsewhere, I will still glad to. tleman yield? introduce this bill when we have a ma Mr. HECHLER. Might I commend Mr. SCHWENGEL. I yield to the dis jority so that the minority on that side the gentleman on his interesting posi tinguished gentlewoman from Washing next year will have a chance to take ad tion on this issue? I would raise this ton. vantage of the opportunities that I want question also as a political scientist, to Mrs. · MAY. I should like to carry a the minority to have on our side. get the gentleman's comments. The little further the discussion that has Mr. HECHLER. If that is the purpose gentleman said something about this just taken place. I wish to refer to a of the bill, I am sorry I will have to op Congress being here late because it was point brought up by my distinguished pose it. ineffective. I believe the gentleman will colleague from West Virginia. The gen Mr. SCHWENGEL. That is not the agree that his side of the aisle has been tleman will recall that we on the minor purpose of the bill, I may say to the very effective on some key votes and ity side just last year, the distinguished gentleman. This is one way to have an that we would perhaps be in session gentleman included, engaged in weeks adeql.late staff next year, and I am sure much longer if it were any more effec and months of work on a study called we will have it. tive. Operation Employment in which we Mr. SCHWENGEL. We have, of used our own staffs in our own offices A VITAL BILL IN THE FIGHT FOR course, been very effective in defeating and developed what we believe to be some legislation which we feel is very strong and effective recommendations AIRPLANE NOISE ABATEMENT bad or very inadequate, but we are which the minority thought would do The SPEAKER pro tempore. Under forced, because of the inadequacy of much to alleviate this national problem. previous order of the House, the gentle staffing on the minority side of commit West Virginia was mentioned and, of man from New York [Mr. HALPERN] is tees, to be in more situations completely course, specific suggestions were made recognized for 20 minutes. negative because we do not have the about the gentleman's State. Since that Mr. HALPERN. Mr. Speaker, I am staffing to bring out a substitute for leg time because of the lack of legalistic delighted with the action of the Senate islation that is proposed. help, including counsel, the gentleman Commerce Committee in approving s. . My guess is that if we have this op has been talking about and which he 31;38, introduced by the distinguished portunity, you would be better on your attempts to correct by the introduction Senator from New York~ the Honorable side, or if we were in the majority we of his bill, we have not been able to pre KENNETH KEATING. I am privileged to would be better on our side. We would sent these constructive alternatives to have sponsored the House version of the not have legislation such as we had the the Congress in an effort to make them bill, which I feel is essential if ever there ~ther _day, authorizing $900 million for effective. Does not the gentleman agree is to be effective alleviation of the noise P.Ub.lic works under the guise of curing if we had been able to do this, perhaps problem. unemployment. No other testimony, in the majority would have been able . to This bill amends the existing Federal my opinion, is better than the testimony accelerate that program, at least under Aviation Act of 1958 by directing the 1962 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD- HOUSE 18687 Administrator of the Agency to conduct Recently I attended a meeting at Idle of the Federal Aviation Act of 1958, as and encourage research to d.etermine wild Airport to discuss the noise prob amended, and make these requirements ap plicable to authority issued under section criteria for and means of abating objec lem with FAA officials. At that meet 417 of the act and sections 7 and 9 of Public tionable air noises. ing, the FAA contended that it lacked Law 87-528. The legislation would provide the tools adequate authority to regulate airplane This regulation is proposed under the au so vitally needed to effectively imple noise at the present time, and, further thority of sections 204(a), 401(n), and 417 ment noise abatement. It spells out once more, that the state of engine develop of the Federal Aviation Aci; of 1958, as and for all in the Federal Aviation Act ment has not progressed sufficiently to amended (72 Stat. 743, 76 Stat. 144, 145; 49 the FAA's responsibility over plane make such noise regulation possible. U.S.C. 1324, 1371, 1387) and sections 7 and 9 of Public Law 87-528, 76 Stat. 146, 148. The noise control. And, of importance, it This bill, which I cosponsored with Sen principal features of the proposed regulation demonstrates the determination of Con ator KEATING, gives both authority and a are explained in the explanatory statement gress to effect an accelerated and mandate to the FAA to move forward below, and the proposed new part 208 is set expanded program of the aircraft noise against the problem of air noise with all forth below. abatement and directs the FAA Admin speed and without in any way compro Interested persons may participate in the istrator to act immediately to meet this mising any principles of air safety. proposed rulemaking through submission of problem. I compliment the junior Senator from 10 copies of written data, views or arguments New York on his devoted efforts in the pertaining hereto, addressed to the Docket Further, the measure would speed up Section, Civil Aeronautics Board, Washing research on the internal design and de all-out attack on aircraft noise. Also, ton 25, D.C. All relevant matter in com velopment of engines so as to cut down I want to commend the Senate commit munications received on or before September noise at its source and would clearly tee for recognizing the need for far 17, 1962, will be considered by the Board determine and enforce procedures to sighted action in this field. before taking final action on the proposed diminish plane noise, such as altitude I am certain my appreciation is echoed rule. Copies of such communications will be minimums, traffic regulations, and by countless others whose lives have available for examination by interested per ground noise suppression. been unmercifully plagued by the scream sons in the Docket Section of the Board, and roar of jet and propeller-driven air room 711, Universal Building, 1825 Connecti Existing law already gives the FAA cut Avenue NW., Washington, D.C., upon re full power to establish and enforce craft. To those people who live near air ceipt thereof. safety regulations, but there is no spe ports or under existing flight paths, a By the Civil Aeronautics Board: ci1ic language in the act covering noise measure of relief is in sight-providing [SEAL) HAROLD R. SANDERSON, abatement responsibility. This is a basic this House follow the Senate lead. Secretary. reason for the confusion and lag in this Mr. Speaker, I come before this House Explanatory statement: Public Law 87-528, field. This bill would clearly give the today to fervently plead for the support of July 10, 1962, amends the Federal Aviation FAA a definite legislative mandate of of all our colleagues in the :fight for rapid Act of 1958 to authorize the Board to issue authority over noise and removes any committee and floor approval of our certificates of public convenience and neces further excuses for inactivity on this bill. This legislation will go a long way sity for supplemental air transportation un problem. in aiding the millions of people who suf der new section 401(d) (3) of the act. In addition, new section 401(n) gives the Board But, Mr. Speaker, as important as this fer from the unconscionable noises pro duced by today's airplanes. express statutory authority to impose certain step is, it must also be clearly established requirements upon supplemental carriers that the FAA's jurisdiction covers all that will assure the public of financially re aircraft noise--both on the ground and FEDERAL REGISTER sponsible and safe transportation. Mainte in the air. That is the objective of an Mr. WRIGHT. Mr. Speaker, I ask nance of liability insurance, in such amount other of my bills now before tl.. e com as prescribed by the Board, is made manda unanimous consent that the gentleman tory, as is the requirement that a supple mittee which I trust will be approved. from Pennsylvania [Mr. WALTER] may mental carrier be and continue to be fit, It would cover noise generating from extend his remarks at this point in the willing and able to perform the services au warmups as well as from takeoffs and RECORD and include extraneous matter. thorized and to conform to the provisions of landings. The SPEAKER pro tempore. Is there the act and the requirements of the Board For much too long, Mr. Speaker, the objection to the request of the gentleman thereunder. The Board has discretionary question of jurisdiction over plane noise from Texas? authority to require performance bonds between the FAA and the New York Port conditioned upon the carrier's making appro There was no objection. priate compensation to shippers and travel Authority has been bouncing back and Mr. WALTER. Mr. Speaker, today's ers, as prescribed by the Board, for nonper forth like a ping-pong ball-much to the Federal Register gives the Civil Aero formance of contracts for air transportation dismay of the suffering victims of this nautics Board's notice of proposed rule services, and also to impose minimum re deafening uproad. Until the problem of making in the supplemental airline field. quirements as to the extent to which the au jurisdiction is resolved once and for all, I have been critical in the past of the thorized services must be performed. The it will remain as an excuse for not CAB, particularly after the Imperial Air regulations proposed herein implement the getting effective results. This jurisdic insurance, performance of contracts, and line crash at Richmond November 8. I minimum operations provisions of the tion issue should properly belong to the believe Chairman Alan S. Boyd and his statute. FAA. associates now are showing a strong de To implement section 40l(n) (1), the On June 12, I urged the House Com termination to clean up the supplemen Board proposes to adopt, with clarifications merce Committee to take up this and tal field, and I want to commend them and some changes, the liability insurance other legislation concerned with the for this new approach. requirements now set forth in policy state problem. I was assured by the chairman The requirements laid down by the ment No. 13, section 399.37 of the Board's pol_icy statements, as the insurance require that full consideration is being given to CAB, appearing in today's Federal Reg ments which the Board would impose un my request. Again, I plead with the ister, are, in my opinion, solid require der this legislation. The permissible exclu committee to follow the splendid and en ments. This is an indication the CAB sion relating to aircraft of a type not declared lightened example set by the Senate and is going to be strong on the fitness is to the insurer is omitted; the exclusion re take swift action on these proposals. sue regarding the nonskeds: lating to liab111ty assumed by contract is Mr. Speaker, millions of dollars are CIVn. AERONAUTICS BOARD reworded for clarification; and the exclusion being spent to improve airports and relating to the carrier's own property is also (14 CFR, pt. 208) clarified. The Board believes that these re accommodate aircraft traffic. Virtually (Docket No. 13984) quirements provide adequate protection to nothing is being spent to safeguard the TERMS, CONDITIONS, AND LIMITATIONS OF CER• the public and do not constitute an undue health, comfort, and welfare of the peo TIFICATES TO ENGAGE IN SUPPLEMENTAL AIR burden on the supplemental carriers be ple who are being tortured by the TRANSPORTATION cause most of them now have such insurance Notice of proposed rulemaking in force. raucous din of aircraft noise. It seems Section 401 (n) (2) authorizes the Board to me that any nation that can send a SEPTEMBER 4, 1962. to require supplemental air carriers to make rocket millions of miles through space Notice is hereby given that the Civil Aero appropriate compensation, prescribed by it, to Venus can certainly devise, through nautics Board has under consideration the to travelers and shippers for failure on their concerted efforts, methods to quiet the adoption of a new part 208 of the Economic part to perform air transportation services Regulations which would contain the Board's in accordance with agreements therefor. The nerve-shattering noise of jets and other substantive regulations implementing para Board is also authorized to require supple modern day aircraft. graphs (1), (2), and (3) of section 401(n) mental carriers to file performance bonds or 18688 CONGRESSIONAL · RECORD- HOUSE September 6 equivalent security arrangements to secure constitute terms, conditions, and limita "(b) Liability insurance applicable to cir the payment of such compensation. In light tions attached to cert~:flcates issued pur cumstances in which the amount of recovery of the fact that under the new legislation suant to section 401(d} (3) of the act. The is limited by the Warsaw Convention; 49 supplemental air carriers will be required to requirements shall also attach to special Stat. 3000, T.S. 876, or treaties amendatory demonstrate their continuing financial and operating authorizations issued under sec thereof, need not exceed such limits. managerial fitness, and in light of the con tion 417 of the act, and to interim certifi "§ 208.12. Terms and conditions of insurance siderable expense of · securing performance cates or authorizations issued pursuant to coverage. bonds, it appears to the Board that it may be section 7, and to authority issued pursuant sufficient to require these carriers to ass.ume to section 9, of Public Law 87-528. "(a) Insurance contracts shall provide for payment, within the specified minimum the obligation vis-a-vis their passengers con "§ 208.2. Separability. templated by this statutory provision. A re limits of liability, by the insurer of any quirement that the obligation be secured "If any provision of this part or the appli final judgments recovered against the in by performance bonds may be added later cation thereof to any air transportation-, per sured for bodily: injury to or death of any if experience shows that it is needed. The son, ·class of persons, or circumstances is held person, or loss of or damage to property of Board therefore proposes to require that invalid, the remainder of the part and the others, resulting from negligence of the in supplemental carriers provide alternate application of such provisions to other air sured, or his duly authorized agent, in the transportation or promptly refund the value transportation, persons, classes of persons, or operation, maintenance, or use of any air of the transportation not furnished in case circumstances shall not be affected thereby. craft on a flight conducted by a supplemental air carrier pursuant to authority granted by of delayed or canceled charter and indi "§ 208.3. Definitions. the -Civil Aeronautics Board, or under an vidually-ticketed passenger flights in inter "For the purposes of this part, supplemen state or oversea transportation, and that invalid claim of such authority. tal air carrier shall mean any air carrier "(b) The liability of the insurer shall apply these carriers expressly assume and define holding a certificate issued under section such obligations in their tariffs filed with to any and all such flights conducted by the 401 (d) (3) of the Federal Aviation· Act of insured air carrier, irrespective of whether the Board. As of this time, it also does not 1958, as amended, or a special operating au a.ppenr necessary to the Board to impose the aircraft involved in such liability are thorization issued under section 417 of the specifically described in the policy, and shall similar performance requirements applicable Federal Aviation Act, or operating authority to cargo transportation. not be subject to any exclusion by virtue of issued pursuant to section 7 or 9 of Public violations, by said carrier, of any appUcable However, for the protection of both pas Law 87-528. sengers and shippers, the proposed regula safety provisions of the Federal Aviation Act "LIABILITY INSURANCE REQUIREMENTS of 1958, as amended, or of any rule, regula tion provides that supplemental air carriers tion, order or other legally imposed safety may subcontract services which they have "§ 208.10. Liabllity insurance requirements. requirement prescribed by the Federal Avia obligated themselves to perform, only to air "(a) On or before October 8, 1962, as a tion Agency. carriers which themselves are authorized to condition precedent to beginning operations "{c) Such liability shall not be contingent perform such services. For instance, a pas in air transportation, each supplemental air upon the financial condition, solvency or senger charter could not be subcontracted to carrier shall file an affidavit with the Board freedom from bankruptcy of the insured. an operator not an air carrier {e.g., a so that such carrier has in effect liability insur The limits of the insurer's liability for the called "part 45 operator") or to an air carrier ance coverage that substantially complies amounts prescribed herein shall apply sep~ not authorized to perform such passenger with the requirements of this part. On or ·arately to each accident, and any payment charters. before November 8, 1962, each such air car under the policy because of any one acci Extended periods during which a car rier shall file a copy of the insurance policy dent shall not reduce the liability of the in rier does not operate unavoidably impair required by this part and the certificate of surer for payment of final judgments re the efficiency of the carrier's organization insurance issued by the insurer stating that sulting from any other accident. and thus its fitness to operate. Experience · such policy complies with all the require "(d) Within the limits of liability herein with the previous class of supplemental air ments of this part in accordance with section prescribed, the insurer shall not J:>e relieved carriers also indicated that dormant certif 208.14. The Board will review the policy and ·from liability by any condition in the policy icates might lead to trafficking in such certificate for compliance; if the policy or or any endorsement thereon, or violation certificates or to seizure of control by in certificate does not comply with the require thereof by the insured air carrier, other than competent management or by persons pre ments of this part, the Board will notify the the exclusions set forth in section 208.13, or viously responsible for violations of the act air carrier and the insurer by registered mail such other exclusions as may be individually or the Board's regulations. After careful stating the deficiencies of the policy or the approved by the Board. Such· policy shall consideration of the various criteria that certificate of insurance. If no objections are not be subject to cancellation, change or could be applied to an supplemental aid raised by the Board within SO days after suspension, by either pa.rty, on_less than 30 carriers regardless of the kind of services ,receipt of the policy and the certificate of days' notice, by registered mail, to both the authorized by the certificate, the Board has insurance, such policy and certificate shall other party to the insurance contract and decided that a requirement based on the be deemed filed with and approved by the the Board. number of operating hours per quarter is Board as complying with the requirements of the fairest and most reasonable measure of this part. -"§ 208.13. Authorized exclusions of liability. minimum services to be performed. The "(b) On and after February 1, 1963, no "Unless other exclusions are individually Board therefore proposes to adopt a standard supplemental air carrier shall perform any approved by the Board, any insurance policy of 250 operating hours of revenue ftight per service unless the carrier maintains a cur or policies may contain only one or more of calendar quarter as the minimum extent rently effective policy (or policies) of liability the following authorized exclusions: of service that will assure continued opera insurance filed with and approved by the " 'The insurance afforded under this policy tional proficiency and actual performance Board as complying with the requirements shall not apply to: of the services authorized by the certificate. of this part. " ' ( 1) Any loss against which the named The Board proposes that the requirements " (c) Such insurance policy shall be issued insured has other valid and collectible insur to be imposed on certificated supplemental by a reputable and financially responsible ance, except that the limits of liability pro air carriers, as contained in this notice, will insurance company which is legally author vided under this policy shall be excess of the also be attached as terms, conditions, and ized to issue policies of that type in any limits provided by such other valid and col limitations of interim certificates or interim ·state, territory, or possession of the United lectible insurance but in no event exceed authorizations issued under section 7 of States, or the District of Columbia. ing the limits of liability expressed elsewhere Public Law 87-528, pending issuance or in this policy; denial of certificates to engage in supple "§ 208.11. Minimum limits of liability. "'(2) Liability, beyond or in addition to mental air transportation under section "{a) Except as provided in paragraph (b) liability imposed by law, assumed by the in 401{d) (3) of the act. Therefore, it is pro of this section, the minimum limits of liabil sured under any contract or agreement; posed that a final rule will be adopted be ity insurance carried by a supplemental air "'(3) Bodily injury, sickness, disease, fore October 8, 1962, the day on which the carrier shall be as follows: mental anguish or death of any employee of statutory operating authority granted by "(1) Liability for bodily injury to or death the insured while engaged in the duties of section 8 of Public Law 87-528 will termi of aircraft passengers: A minimum of his employment, or any obligation for which nate. The requirements of the regulation $50,000 for any one passenger, and a mini the insured or any company as his insurer would further apply to authorizations issued may be held liable under any workmen's under section 417 of the act and section 9 . mum total amount for each accident in any one aircraft equal to the sum produced by compensation or occupational disease law; of Public Law 87-528. "'(4) Damage to or destruction of prop The proposed new part 208 is set forth multiplying $50,000 by 75 percent of the total number of seats. erty owned, rented, occupied or used by, or as follows: in the care, custody or control of the insured; "(2) Liability for bodily injury to or death "GENERAL PROVISIONS "'(5) Personal injuries or death or damage of nonpassengers: A minimum of $50,000 "§ 208.1. Applicability. to or destruction of property, caused directly for one person in any one accident, and a or indirectly, by hostile or warlike action, "This part contains the Board's substan minimum of $500,000 for each accident. including action in hindering, combating or tive regulations implementing paragraphs "{3) Liability for loss of or damage t? defending against an actual, impending or {1), ·{2), and {3) of section 401(n) of the property: A minimum of $500,000 for each expected attack by any government or sov act. The requirements of this part shall accident. ereign power, de jure or de facto, or mill- 1962 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD- HOUSE 18689 tary, naval, or air forces, or by an agent of REPORT OF HON. ROLAND V. LIBO slons for +hose veterans, who, because of such government, power, authority or forces; NATI, U.S. CONGRESSMAN, MEM very low income, are in need. the discharge, explosion, or use of any weap In a program as large and complicated as on of war emplOying atomic fission,or atomic BER OF THE HOUSE VETERANS' the veterans' program; there is a continuing fusion, or radioactive materials; insurrec AFFAIRS COMMITTEE, TO THE necessity for amendment, modernization, and tion, rebellion, revolution, civil war or 44TH ANNUAL STATE CONVEN change in the laws regulating the program. usurped power, including any action in hin TION, AMERICAN LEGION, DE The Committee on Veterans' Affairs is con dering, combating, or defending against such stantly studying the operation of the vet an occurrence; or confiscation by any gov PARTMENT OF ILLINOIS, AUGUST erans' program and each year processes quite ernment or public authority.' 4, 1962, PRUDENTIAL AUDITORIUM a number of relatively minor bills which are "§ 208.14. Filing of policy and certificate of BUILDING, CHICAGO, ILL. aimed at correcting inequities and simpli insurance. fying administration. We refer to a bill as Mr. WRIGHT. Mr. Speaker, I ask being a minor bill when it involves a rela " (a) Each supplemental air carrier shall unanimous consent that the gentleman tively small cost. Of course, if the bill pro file with the Board a copy of the policy from Illinois [Mr. LIBONATI] may extend vides an increased benefit for an individual or policies of insurance and all endorsements his remarks at this point in the REcORD. with a particular situation, he does not con thereof and a duly executed certificate of sider the bill to be minor at all. The fol insurance, signed by an authorized repre .rhe SPEAKER pro tempore. Is there objection to the request of the gentleman lowing bills are receiving active considera sentative of the insurer. Whenever any tion in the Congress at the present time. change is made in a previously issued policy, from Texas? A reading of the brief titles of the bill will a new certificate of insurance shall be filed There was no objection. serve to show the type of minor, corrective with the Board at least 30 days prior to the Mr. LIBONATI. Mr. Speaker, I had legislation which must constantly receive at proposed effective date of the change, and the honor of presenting the following re tention by the Congress. If additional in such certificates shall be accompanied by a formation on any of these legislative pro copy of the new endorsement or endorse port of the House Veterans' Affairs Com mittee with incidental remarks of its ac posals is desired, it may be obtained by writ ments made to such policy. ing directly to the House Committee on Vet "(b) Each certificate of insurance shall complishments to date this session: erans' Affairs. expressly certify that the insurance company Comrade Commander Karl Yost and com H.R. 846, provide additional compensation has issued to the insured air carrier a policy rades, I am honored by the enthusiastic wel for veterans having service-incurred disabil (or policies) which: come that you have accorded me. It is with ity of deafness of both ears. "(1) Incorporates the minimum limits of a deep feeling of humility that I address you H.R. 848, vocational rehabilitation pro liability set forth in section 208.11; at your 44th annual convention, on the Veterans• Affairs Committee report as a vided veteran incurring disabilities in serv "(2) Contains the specific terms and con ice after World War II and before the Korean ditions of coverage set forth in section 208.12; Member of the 87th Congress. conflict or after the Korean conflict. and Although you may be critical of the lack H.R. 852, independent medical advice used "(3) Incorporates only exclusions which of accomplishment of the committee in cer in adjudication of compensation claims. have been specifically authorized in section tain specific areas, yet upon a minute ap praisal of the entire program you must admit H.R. 856, modified plan of life insurance 208.13 or individually approved by the coverage for holders of NSLI policies. Board. that great strides in legislation affecting service-connected veterans have been en- H.R. 857, statement of facts in appealed "PERFORMANCE REQUmEMENTS acted into law. I submit-to you the follow- claims. 1 "§ 208.20. Assumption of performance obli- ing facts and data for your consideration: H.R. 858, increased salaries of managers gations in tariffs. In discussing veterans' legislation, it is and directors of professional services of VA "Supplemental air carriers shall assume, important to remember that our system of hospital, domicillaries and centers. and publish as part of the rules and regula- veterans' programs has been developing for H.R. 859, repeal of obsolete provisions of tions of their tariffs applicable to passenger many years; therefore, the most important law relating to mustering-out payments for service in interstate and oversea air trans- bill which is considered by the Congress is Korean veterans. portation, the following obligations without one which is seldom mentioned and that is H.R. 860, repeal obsolete portions of law prejudice, and in addition, to any other the annual appropriations bill considered relating to unemployment compensation for rights or remedies of passengers under appli- ' by the Subcommittee for Independent Offices Korean conflict veterans. cable law: of the Appropriations Committee. We have H.R. 861, effective date of certain statu "(a) In case of flight delays of more than the most extensive veterans' program of any tory awards. 4 hours beyond the departure time stated in nation on earth. The budget estimate under H.R. 873, increased compensation for serv the charter contract or time of departure consideration for the fiscal year 1963, which ice-connected disabled veterans for certain stated on an individual flight ticket, the begins on June 30 of this year, totals $5,248, anatomical losses. carrier must provide alternate air transporta- 833,000. Most of this is spent for direct vet H.R. 1811, permit war orphans' training tion at no additional cost to the passenger eran benefits: $1 bUlion is expended to oper abroad under limited circumstances. or charterer, or immediately refund the full ate our medical and hospital program; $3,867 value of the unused ticket or the unper- million is paid directly to veterans, widows, H.R. 2417, dependency and indemnity formed charter contract. and children for compensation or pension; compensation increase for dependent par "(b) In case of unscheduled flight delays $166,500,000 is paid for readjustment bene ents and children. en route exceeding 2 hours, the carrier must, fits. Most of this is for the education and H.R. 3728, disabillty compensation for upon request and at the passenger's or training allowance for the few remaining blinded veterans. charterer's option, furnish alternate trans- veterans and war orpJlans who are taking H.R. 4012, specially adapted housing for portation to the spec1fied destination, or education and training. We spend about certain service-disabled blinded veterans. immediately refund the full value of unper- $75 mlllion each year for construction, H.R. 4901, burial allowance for certain vet- formed transportation. maintenance, and modernization of the VA erans. "(c) In case of flight cancellations or hospital system. H.R. 5234, recognition of void or voidable flight delays refunds shall be paid immedi- Our payments for compensation to vet marriages of widows or children of veterans. ately upon presentation of an unused flight erans range from participants in the Span H.R. 5939, approval of courses under war coupon or upon demand of the charterer to ish-American War to members currently be- orphans' educational assistance program. the air carrier or its agent. ing discharged from the Armed Forces for H.R. 8282, pension for hospitalized veter "§ 208.21. Substitution or subcontracting. disability. Pension payments are being made ans with dependents. "Supplemental air carriers may subcon to living veterans from the Indian wars H.R. 8415, disbursement of funds of cer tract the performance of services which they of the 1880's forward and we are paying pen tain veterans. have contracted to perform, only to air car sions to survivors of the Mexican War, Indian H.R. 8802, waiver of certain housing in riers authorized by the Bo;:trd to perform wars, Civil War, Spanish-American War, debtedness. such services. World War I, World War II, the Korean con H.R. 8992, administrative changes for VA filet, and the current peacetime service. Department of Medicine and Surgery. "MINIMUM EXTENT OF SERVICE The most important legislative action the H.R. 9561, medical care for service-con "§ 208.25. Minimum service requirements. Congress will take this year will be the pass nected disabled veterans residing abroad. age of the appropriations blll that wm "Each supplemental air carrier shall per H.R. 10066, statutory award for veterans form services authorized by the Board for finance this extensive and comprehensive program for another year. The American with loss of ab111ty to speak (aphonia). at least 250 hours of revenue flight in each H.R. 10068, exchange of U.S. Government calendar quarter, and shall file the reports public takes a generous attitude toward its veterans. The public is contributing 7 cents life term insurance for endowment-at-age- of such operations required by the Board to 96 policy. determine compliance with this require out of each taxpayer's dollar for veteran benefits and has shown a willingness tQ sup- H.R. 10069, research in prosthetic appli ment." port the extensive hospital and medical pro ances. [F.R. Doc. 62-8976; Filed, Sept. 5, 1962; gram, compensation for the disabled and H.R. 10669, assignment of national service 8:54 a.m.] survivors of service-connected dead and pen- life insurance. 18690 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD- HOUSE September 6 House Resolution 73, pilot study into prob necessary and later receiving a dividend from "Mr. LIBONATI. As a matter of fact, in lems of elderly, chronically ill, or handi the VA. eliminating those who are not service con capped veterans. Since the House bill contained only pro nected from this bill and excluding those In addition to this wide variety of minor visions relating to service-connected com persons, you are contemplating a more un legislative proposals which merit considera pensation, the House was thus placed in settled financial situation so far as the tion, there are several issues of major the _position of going to conference and ac service-connected veterans are concerned; impo:i:"tance under consideration. The most cepting in total the insurance bill or reject are you not? · important of these is the service-connected ing it in tota1. Obviously the House Vet "Mr. SMITH of California. I am afraid I compensation increase bill. In order to un erans' Affairs Committee was not inclined to do not follow the gentleman's question. derstand the problems relating to this legis ·accept this badly drafted proposal. There "Mr. LIBONATI. If service-connected dis lative proposal, it is necessary that some fore, no further action was taken and the abled veterans are insured under this bill, history be related because this bill has, un 1st session of the 87th Congress closed with they cannot procure any insurance from fortunately, become involved with another out securing a compensation increase for private insurance companies; is that not so? legislative issue-the proposal to reopen the disabled veterans. This cost more than 2 "Mr. SMITH of California. I do not know, national service life insurance program for million veterans $87 million. In an effort to but an individual might have an injury and World War II and Korean veterans. There revive the compensation increase proposal, there might be many insurance companies fore, it is necessary to discuss both of these the House has passed another bill quite sim that do insure individuals who might have issues if one is to have an understanding ilar to the compensation increase bill passed ·some disabilities. of the current status of the service-connected in the first session. This bill is H.R. 10743. "Mr. LIBONATI. But the majority of them compensation proposal. Its first year additional cost is $98,264,000. The last increase for the service-connected would be disqualified by the doctor's cer It would provide a cost-of-living increase for tificate as to such disability; would they disabled veterans was in 1957. The cost-of all disabled veterans, with higher rates for living index has advanced about 5¥:! percent not? the seriously disabled. This bill passed the "Mr. SMITH of California. May I simply since that time. In view of this, one of the House on April 2, 1962, and is now pending first actions the Committee on Veterans' before the Senate. We very much hope that state this, so far as I am concerned, I think Affairs took in the 1st session of the 87th the Senate will not add the controversial the Federal Government should offer in Congress was the passage of a compensation national service life insurance reopening surance and do everything the Government rate increase bill, H.R. 879. This· bill pro proposal to this bill and again subject the possibly can for any service-connected dis vided rate increases ranging from 5.3 to 11.1 disabled veterans of the Nation to the pros abled veteran. In my own opinion, there is percent, with the higher increases for the pects of losing a compensation increase. not too much that the Government can do seriously disabled veterans. The additional It should be recognized that there is a for them, and I am for that. On your ques first-year cost of this bill is estimated at $87,- great deal of divided opinion about the tion as to eliminating them, I cannot answer 933,000. This bill 'was promptly passed by merits of the national service life insur that. the House and sent to the Senate early in ance proposal. All of the major veteran or "Mr. LIBONATI. Does the gentleman from the first session. It was referred to the Sen.:. ganizations favor this bill. This adminis California feel that this position that is ate Finance Committee where the national tration and the previous administration op being taken today on recommitting the bill service life insurance amendment was added posed this proposal on the basis that since with a crippling amendment is purely to as a rider. The Senate later passed the there is no war, there is no basis for ex protect the insurance companies; is that amended bill and it was referred back to the panding the Government's role in war risk not so? House. insurance. Regardless of the merits of the "Mr. SMITH of California. I could not make To understand the significance of this ac national service life insurance reopening any such statement as that. tion, it must be realized that the two issues proposal, one thing does seem clear-this "Mr. LIBONATI. What other reason would are completely unrelated and the adding of controversial, unrelated bill should not be you give for not permitting a group of serv the national service life insurance reopening permitted to jeopardize the chances of the icemen to support and carry on a program rider was an attempt to secure passage of service-connected disabled veterans of the such as this which is self-liquidating where an unrelated and controversial legislative Nation receiving a cost-of-living rate in their premiums would pay for the expense proposal on the strength of the noncon crease. . of administrative costs and where they could troversial service-connected compensation On August 16, the House considered H.R. be insured at a low rate. What other rea increase bill. 12333, a bill that was recommended unani sons would you have for recommitting this The national service life insurance reopen mously by the Veterans' Committee. The bill bill, which was voted out of the committee ing proposal has been before the Congress permitted for 1 year the granting of na unanimously? for many years. There are few pieces of tional service life insurance to certain vet "Mr. SMITH of California. Basically, I legislation which have received as much at erans heretofore eligible for such insurance. favor private enterprise. I would not reopen tention. It has been the subject of hear The bill included the non-service-connected this at this time to 16 million people who are ings of the Veterans' Affairs Committee in disabled. An amendment sponsored by Con potential customers for private enterprise." the 82d, 83d, 84th, 85th, 86th, and 87th gressman AYRES of Ohio, and Congressman Congresses and on each occasion, after proper • • • • • TEAGUE of Texas, was adopted excluding the (P. 16763) hearings, the bill has been rejected. This non-service-connected veterans, thus making bill is opposed by the current administra the bill effectual only for service-connected Mr. SISK. Mr. Speaker, I yield 5 minutes tion and was opposed by the previous ad veterans. The bill was passed in this form. to the gentleman from Tilinois [Mr. ministration. There have never been hear The consideration of the bill I opposed, and LIBONATI]. ings held on the national service life insur include my remarks :q.erein. The_bill is now "Mr. LIBONATI. Mr. Speaker, the sole pur ance proposal in the Senate until last year pending in the Senate. pose of this bill is to permit these veterans when a 1-day hearing was held 2 weeks after who have dropped their insurance after they [From the CONGRESSIONAL RECORD, Aug. came out of the service to reinstate their in the bill was ordered reported. The bill has 16, 1962] been added as a rider to various unrelated surance. - bills on four other occasions. Each time (P. 16762) "As you will recall,· the average of those the Congress removed the national service "Mr. LIBONATI. Mr. Speaker, will the gen who served in World War II was 19 years. life insurance amendment. tleman yield? We realize that whatever premiums they It should be pointed out that the national "Mr. SMITH of California. l yield to the would have to pay after leaving the services service life insurance reopening proposal, gentleman. they were unable to pay, just as those who added to the compensation bill by the Sen "Mr. LIBONATI. As a matter of fact, this served in World War I. ate, had sever~l very serious policy defi bill does not contemplate any expenditures "We did take the term insurance out of ciencies. The major ones are: of money by the Government; is that not this bill. The Veterans' Committee voted 1. It would not permit service-connected true? that out, and approved the action. The term disabled veterans the privilege of reopening "Mr. SMITH of California. As I understand insurance is removed so that we would not or reapplying. it, there will be administrative costs of some disqualify the general business trend of pri 2. It proposed to offer term insurance to thing a little over $7 million in the first year, vate business. World War II and Korean veterans. We now but as time goes on that money is supposed "Unfortunately, some people think that by have a serious problem with World War I to be repaid so that, actually, the statements closing this avenue of insurance they bene veterans, who have retained term insurance made before the Rules Committee are to the fit the private insurance corporations. In and cannot afford to pay the high premiums effect that it will not cost the Government reality, wh_en you open up insurance to peo at their advanced age, yet this bill proposed any money. ple, even under this closed rule, you create to create the sa-me problem on a larger scale "Mr. LIBONATI. And with reference to the a sentiment and a confidence in these same for World War II veterans. 3-percent figure retained for administrative individuals for private insurance-insurance 3. The bill used an old actuarial table costs-that amounts to about $5 a year per for the education of their children, insur which would result in the veteran being policy; is that not correct? · ance for whatever possessions they may have, charged about twice as much premium as "Mr. SMrrH of C81lifornia. That is correct. and in all other fields of insurance. That 1962 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD- HOUSE 18691 ' was proven after the first war, that it was a "The question was taken; and on a divi bill. It is the proposal which would pro stimulation to the insurance business. sion (demanded by Mr. LIBONATI) there vide readjustment benefits to individuals "Leading insurance men spoke before our ' were-ayes 124, noes, 87. entering the armed services after Janu committee who are Members of the House ";Mr. LIBONATI. Mr. Speaker, I demand and stated they felt the same way about this tellers. ary 31, 1955, the end of the Korean con question. This opens up insurance 5-year "Tellers were refused. flict, similar to those received by vet· level premium term, 20-year endowment at "Mr. LIBONATI. 'Mr. Speaker, I object to erans of the Korean conflict. A 'bill of age 60 and 65, 30-payment life, and ordinary the vote on the ground that a quorum is this type passed the Senate at tne end life. not present and make the ·point of order of the last Congress but was not favor " I do not see any reason why this Con that a quorum is not present. ably considered in the House and died gress should prevent a group of veterans "The SPEAKER. The Chair will count. with that Congress. The Senate Labor from reinstating their policies, if they show [After counting.] Two hundred and forty and Public Welfare Committee has again good health, under the same terms in an four Members are present, a quorum. reported slWh a bill and it is now pend independent relationship to their classified "So the motion to recommit was agreed groups. I think a great criticism would to." ing on the Senate calendar. There is a result if you defeat this bill. You would great deal of divided opinion on the place upon the House a threat of defamation Since presenting this matter before merits of this legislation and the divi of honesty of purpose, you will no.t be serv-. the convention, and in order to give the sions are as follows: ing these young servicemen who are able to latest results of the bill's consideration, . Those who support the bill are pay the minimum premiums, you are miti I include the following information: AMVETS, DAV, and VFW. The bill is gating against them because of private in One of the major problems receiving supported by the National Association of terests or private corporations. I do not attention in the Congress is the opera ·state Approval Agencies, National Edu accuse anybody. I am a friend of the chair tion of the veterans' direct home loan cation Association, American Vocational man of my committee. I think he is honest program. About 10 years ago Congress and sincere and I have no doubt about his Association, Assoc1ation of Chief State integrity. But I think he p.as made a mis created the direct home loan program to School Officers, American Association of take by making this move on the floor of the provide loan funds for veterans residing Junior Colleges, and quite a number of House. No one could attest to the fact that in small towns and rural areas where pri other relatively small educational groups. by changing the rules now you weaken the vate :financing was not available. Under The bill has been opposed by this ad fund by limiting it to the service-connected this ·program, 206,910 loans have been ministration and was opposed by the disabled. made at a face value of $1,773,611,000. previous administration, the VA, Bureau "You may be called upon to replenish that Last session the Congress voted several of the Budget, and Department of De fund, if in accordance with the medical sit hundred million dollars for veterans' di uation they will succumb earlier than was fense appeared in opposition to the bill. expected under actuary tables. rect loans; however, in October of last The American Legion and the American "Most of them cannot get private insur year these funds were suspended because Council on Education, which is the or ance companies now to issue policies be of the prospects of a big deficit in the ganization of most of the colleges of cause of their physical condition. I say to Federal budget. Since that time, the America, have declined to support the you that it is a reflection upon the integrity waiting list has reached 45,297-its bill. of this House to defeat this bill by recom highest point in history. The Veterans' Those arguing in favor of readjust mitting it with a cripplipg amendment and Affairs Committee became concerned destroying its general purpose. ment benefits and particularly the edu about the situation and its Subcommittee cational benefits, point to the wonderful "Mr. Speaker, every service organization on Housing made an inquiry. As a re every national veterans' service organiza achievements of World War II and Ko tion-has asked for this relief for many sult of this inquiry, the following resolu rean GI bills and emphasize that the ye.ars. Now we have an opportunity to give tion was adopted: service being rendered by the peacetime them what they so justly deserve, because Resolved, That it is the sense of the Sub veteran of today is considerably different of the conditions that they found themselves committee on Housing of the House Commit from traditional peacetime service in the subsequent to the war they were not able to tee on Veterans' Affairs that the failure of continue payments on their policies. The the Administrator of Veterans' Affairs to re Armed Forces. It has been pointed out committee took out the term insurance on quest in full the amounts authorized to be that our servicemen are serving all over the bill because it was shown that in World advanced under section 1823(a) of title 38, the world in combat-ready situations War I some had to pay as high as $16,000 United States Code, by the Secretary of the and many are performing :field opera on a $10,000 insurance policy, and that in Treasury for the making of direct loans un tional missions. The most recent exam cluded Gen. "Black Jack" Pershing. So, we der section 1811 of such title 38 is inconsist ple of this are the aetivities of the U.S. realize that later on in life they would also ent with the intent of the Congress in the Armed Forces in Thailand. be confronted with these high premiums of enactment of Public Law 87-84 and the Ad The cost of the proposal is one of $57.50 a month, which is more than one can ministrator should, as promptly as possible, be expected to pay under term insurance. request the advancement of the full amount the big problems. The VA has estimated So we gave them this general health type authorized. the :first year cost of the education pro of insurance with the provision that all ex vision of the bill under consideration in penses be taken out by the Government for We are now told that additional money the Senate at $222 million. There are the administration of the act, and all sur will be made available July 1, 1962, and quite a number of similar bills pending plus moneys returned to the Treasury. the Veterans' Administration will again in the House and this measure is under "Mr. Speaker, I hope the House will de be processing loans for those individuals study at the present time. There have feat the motion to recommit with amend:. at the top of the waiting list. Unfor been suggestions that since this group ment and pass the rule,:• tunately the waiting list is so large that of veterans are not serving in a period • • • • • the funds which become available in of war, we should follow the pattern set (P. 16781) July will only take care of a relatively in compensation legislation and provide "Mr. AYRES (interrupting the reading of small number at the top. Those further some readjustment benefits but less than the motion to recommit).. Mr. Speaker, I down on the waiting list cannot expect those received by the wartime group. ask unanimous consent that the motion to relief for 6 to 9 months. The Committee This has caused consideration to be recommit be-considered as read and printed on Veterans' Affairs has expressed its given to drafting an education and train in the RECORD. The members of the com concern about this situation particu mittee, I am sure, are familiar with its con ing bill which would provide assistance tents. larly in view of the fact that the direct but at a lesser rate than those received "The SPEAKER. Is there objection to the loan program is one of the soundest by World War II and Korean veterans. request of the gentleman from Ohio? operations the Federal Government has. This issue is extremely important. It "There was no objection. It results in no actual cost to the Gov has long-range implications. Passage of "The SPEAKER. The question is on the mo ernment-in fact, it has made money. such a bill would create eligibility for tion to recommit. It has shown a profit of about $75 mil about 6 million veterans, who have al- "Mr. LIBONATI. Mr. Speaker, on that I de lion since its beginning. ready been discharged or are not serving mand the yeas and nays. One of the very active issues under in· the Armed Forces. It would create a "The yeas and nays were refused. consideration by the Congress is the precedent for the future and undoubt "The SPEAKER. The question is on the mo- peacetime GI bill. This legislation is edly would establish for all t~e the tion to recommit. · sometime referred to as the cold war GI policy that service in the Armed Forces 18692 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD- HOUSE September 6· earns educational scholarship. In view calling for a separate and liberalizing totally disabled service-connected vet of the far-reaching implications of this program for World War I veterans; how eran receives $2,700 a year in compensa legislation, it is necessary that it receive ever, that organization has not identified tion and national studies have shown the most careful consideration. There a specific bill as fulfilling its legislative that the average income of this group is a great deal to be said on both sides objective. The organization, Veterans of from all sources is only about $2,900 per of this issue and it is most difficult to World War I of the U.S.A., Inc., has as year. An orphan child, who lost a par predict the outcome. · its official legislative ·objective H.R. 3745, ent in the war and later lost the other Probably the most controversial sub the subject of the current discharge pe parent, receives only $70 per month in ject in the field of veterans' legislation tition. There are substantial numbers compensation. is the non-service-connected pension is of veterans in the ranks of this organiza It was my contention that in view of sue. We now have a very extensive non tion and not affiliated with any veteran the above report formulated by Chair service-connected pension program. One group who are urging passage of the so man TEAGUE, that a compromise could billion two hundred million veterans and called "no strings attached bill." This be initiated in this area of legislation. widows are receiving a pension. Some is the bill which would pay $100 a month The H.R. 3745 discharge petition filed time in fiscal year 1963, half of all liv at age 60 to a veteran with an honor in the House was signed by 206 Con ing World War I veterans will be on the able discharge. H.R. 3745 has serious gressmen. Mr. HALEY and myself, who rolls. We will spend $1.6 for non-service technical deficiencies. Its first year ad are the only World War I members of connected pensions for veterans and ditional cost is $944 million. It has an the Veterans' Affairs Committee, had widows in fiscal year 1963. About 90 accumulative additional cost of $11 bil been using our good offices to confer percent of this expenditure will be for lion. Three-fourths of these expendi with Director John Gleason who was World War I veterans and their widows. tures would go to adding veterans in the interested in the legislation to effect a Under existing law, a 65-year-old vet top 25 percent of the income bracket to compromise with the administration by eran, with 10-percent disability, who is the pension rolls. Only one-fourth of reopening hearings on pension legisla unemployable, may receive pension as these expenditures would go to veterans tion. We realized that H.R. 3745, even sistance if he is married and has income and widows now on the pension rolls who though passed by the House, would not of less than $3,000 or if he is single have been able to meet needs tests and h~we a chance in the Senate toward en and his income is less than $1,800 per have limited income. H.R. 3745 would actment. Senator BYRD of Virginia was year. The amount of pension payable provide a pension of $102 per month; outspoken in his objection to it, and is based on income, with rates varying however, it would grant no increase to certainly -when the bill went to his com from $95 for the veteran with two de about 100,000 veterans who are so mittee it would be the end of the road. pendents to $25 for the veteran or widow severely disabled that they require the But Senator BYRD did qualify his at with no dependents in the upper-income aid and attendance of another person. titude by stating that a bill that would group. The pension program which is The bill establishes income limits but rectify certain provisions in Public Law operating today is based on the concept renders these limits virtually meaning 86-211 liberalizing the pensions therein, of paying a non-service-connected pen less by excluding income- from social could be considered. Both Congressman sion for those who are in need. Most security, railroad retirement, Federal HALEY and myself, throughout these veterans and widows at advanced ages civil service retirement, and all other negotiations, realized that we could x:ot have no difficulty in meeting require forms of public and private retirement possibly sign the discharge petition arid ments of law pertaining to disability and and annuity plans. This means the carry through our appeal for a com unemployability. The income limits es veteran who derives his income from a promise program. The administration tablished by the law are the principal retirement plan would not be required conceded that discussion should be had tests of need. Under existing law, a vet to count it as income but the veteran by the Veterans' Affairs Committee of eran or widow can receive a non-service who derives his income from rental of the House and hearings were held on connected pension in addition to other a farm or real estate, dividends from August 7, 8, 9, 15, and 16. The service income and thus be assured of a total stocks or bonds, from a savings account, organizations testified at length sug income that will place them in the top share in a business or part-time work gesting various changes in Public Law quarter of all Americans age 65. would be required to count his income. 86-211; among the most important were There are some individuals and groups This is obviously grossly discriminatory. increasing of the· pension allotment for that think the present pension system is The most serious policy implication of widows and veterans, raising the income not liberal enough and are seeking · to a bill such as H.R. 3745 is that it would limitations excluding railroad retire change it in various ways. There are result in giving highly preferential treat ment, excluding the corpus as a con about 170 bills pending before the Com ment to the non-service-connected vet tributory factor toward the determin mittee on Veterans' Affairs. These bills eran, with only 90 days' service, as ing of eligibility and amount, and vary from the straight $100 a month compared to benefits payable to service excluding the various benefits that would pension bills, which require only 1 day connected veterans and survivors of serv g·o to the surviving mate through death, honorable service, to bills which make ice-connected dead. H.R. 3745 would such as insurance policies, and so forth. relatively minor changes in existing pro pay a tax free pension of $102 per month The suggestion for the broader income gram. Without exception it can be said to several hundred thousand veterans limitations was reflected in the argument that all of these bills propose liberaliza with very short periods of service and of the decrease of the buying power of tions which pay more and more pension who have substantial resources of their money since the present limitations were to persons with less need. own and who are not in need of help put in by the Congress in 1939 with The World War I veterans' organiza from the Government. In several hun $1,200 for single, and $2,400 for married tion is pushing a bill, H.R. 3745, and is dred thousand cases, the bill would op veterans. The 1962 dollar has the pur currently resorting to the use of a dis erate to insure income levels to retired chasing power of 45 cents of the 1939 charge petition in their attempt to gain veterans in amounts ranging from $5,000 dollar, and so these income limitations enactment of this legislation. The Com to $8,000. It should be emphasized that should be increased. Continued hear mittee on Veterans' Affairs held hearings the average income for an American ings will be held the first week in Sep on H.R. 3745 and other pension bills last family is only about $5,500 per year. tember, upon which the list will be de session, but has not seen fit to favorably This should be compared with the bene termined and action of the Veterans' report a bill of this type. The various fits now payable to the service-connected Affairs Committee in the amendment of veteran organizations have considerably group. A 50-percent disabled veteran Public Law 86-211. Once the compro different views on this subject. The receives only $100 a month and those mise is effected with the approval of the American Legion specifically rejected familiar with veterans' affairs 'know that administration, the bill will be passed H.R. 3745 in its last national convention a veteran must have a very substantial in both Houses without any difficulty. and is advocating ·a bill. which would disability to be rated 50 percent. Two I feel that my position in this matter xpake · certain changes in income levels parents, living together, who lost a son was sincere and practical, and although and rates within the framework of the in the war on whom they were depend-: som'e of my friends may be critical of my existin·g law. AMVETS is supporting a ent, can receive no help at all if tbeir· position, both Congressman HALEY and similar bill. VFW supports a program income exceeds $2,400 per year. A myself thought that to accomplish this 1962 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-· HOUSE 18693 one must reserve a neutral position as ows, who obviously could obtain higher stantial additional assistance. It is our far as signing of the discharge petition. pensions by electing, and were aimed at view that this type of pension activity Unless this compromise is affected, I determining the reasons why these eli is far more important than passing in shall sign the discharge petition with gible veterans and widows were not avail discriminate pension bills aimed pri many others who are holding off with ing themselves of the higher pension marily at paying a $100_-a-month pen the same reservation. I feel it incum rates voted them by Congress. sion to the upper income group simply bent upon me to do so in view of the fact In its survey, the Veterans' Adminis because they served 90 days. that I promise to sign the discharge tration estimated that 52.4 percent of It has been the view of the Veterans' petition if I find that a compromise veterans, widows, and orphans, who were Affairs Committee that the hospital and would be denied. on the pension rolls on June 30, 1960, medical benefit is the most important It is obvious, therefore, that passage could benefit by electing to move under program available to veterans, both serv of a general pension bill, which has the new law. Veterans' Administration ice connected and nonservice connected virtually no service requirements and estimated that the average increased alike. It costs about $1 billion to oper needs test will result in hundreds of benefit which would be obtained was ate our 17 4 VA hospitals. W-e hospitalize thousands of short term non-service $12.28 a month for widows and $13.69 about 112,000 patients each day. There connected veterans, who are well able to per month for veterans. Veterans' Ad are about 15,000 members in the VA take care of themselves, receiving far ministration estimated that since the domiciliary homes and there are about better treatment than the service-con enactment of Public Law 86-211, eligible 9,000 veterans in State soldiers homes nected disabled and the survivors of veterans, widows, and orphans have lost receiving Federal assistance. The VA service:..connected dead. This kind of $145,853,841 by not electing the higher hospital system has been developing for thing would do serious damage to the benefits legislated by Congress. Vet a great many years and was substantially entire structure of the veterans program erans' Administration estimates that the expanded followinr. World War II. The and cannot be defended in the eyes of average total lost each year is approxi VA hospital plant facility_ is valued at the public. mately $83 million and losses are run $2% billion. Some of its buildings are One part of the non-service-connected ning at the rate of approximately $7 75 years old. Most of the hospitals are pension issue which has greatly con million per month. Veterans' Adminis temporary war hospitals taken over by cerned the Committee on Veterans' Af tration set the figure of veterans, wid the VA following World War II. fairs is the failure of several hundred ows, and orphans eligible for an increase The Congress and the administration thousand veterans and widows to elect but not electing at 530,811 cases. It have adopted a long-range renovation the higher pension benefits voted by the should be emphasized that· these cases and repair program which will cost about Congress in Public Law 86-211. When are in the lower income brackets because $1 billion over a period of 10 years. This revisions to the non-service-connected these are the only individuals who could program calls for the replacement of pension law, Public Law 86-211, were benefit by electing the higher benefits of about 11 complete hospitals and sub passed to become effective July 1, 1960, Public Law 86-211. stantial modernization and renovation of the bill contained a sav:lngs clause, which A typical case would be a widow who most of the others. This program is provided an election right to 1,197,000 has less than $600 a year income and is moving along satisfactorily and is viewed veterans, widows and orphans, who were receiving a pension of $50.40 from the by the Committee on Veterans' Affairs as receiving a non-service-connected pen Veterans' Administration. This person most important. sion at the time of enactment. In other is eligible to receive $60 a month, an in The philosophy that has dominated words, any veteran, widow, or orphan on crease of $9.60 or 16 percent per month. the thinking of the Veterans' Affairs the pension rolls at the time of enact Under the new law a typical veteran's Committee for many years is that as the ment had the right to continue to re case would be a married veteran who has war years fade in the distance and there ceive the pension rates paid under the income of less than $1,000 per year and is less public interest in veterans' pro old law or, if because of low income, is now receiving $78.75. This veteran grams, it is very necessary that the vari they could receive a higher pension rate is eligible for a pension of $90 a month ous veteran programs be reasonable and under the new law, they had the right to under the new law, an increase of $11.25 supported by the public. There is not elect the benefit most advantageous to or 12.5 percent per month. sufficient money to do all of the things them. - It seems incredible that hundreds of that everyone wants to do; therefore, it At the time of enactment, Veterans' thousands of veterans, widows, and or has been necessary to proceed with an Administration estimated that 70 per phans would fail to elect to receive the order of priority. There is general cent of the veterans, widows, and or higher benefits made available to them. agreement that the hospital and medical phans on the rolls, or 838,000 cases, would In an effort to learn the reason for this, program must come first-. Compensation receive a raise. In its latest report, Vet the committee studied thousands of cases for the service-connected disabled and erans' Administration indicates that and interviewed many widows and vet survivors of service-connected dead must only 19.2 percent of veterans, widows, and erans and asked them for their reason for receive a high priority since it seems un orphans, eligible for election, have not electing. The major reason offered questionable that the Government's first elected the higher benefits of the new by veterans _and widows was they had obligation is to this group. Non-service law. This means that 500,000 veterans, been advised by others they should not connected pension programs should be widows, and orphans, according 't9 move ·to the new law because it could made available to aging veterans and Veterans' Administration estimates, cause them to lose their pension or have widows and those seriously disabled, even should have ·elected the benefits of the their pension reduced in the future. thought from a non-service-connected new law and received higher pension For those interested in veterans' serv cause, but these programs should be kept rates. ice work, there is no area in which in bounds and in proper relation to the In view of the great disparity between greater good can be accomplished than service-connected programs. the estimates of Veterans' Administra seeking to reach those veterans and Readjustment benefits should be pro tion and actual elections to date, the widows who do not understand or have vided for servicemen who experienced Committee on Veterans' Affairs and been misadvised about their rights for severe disruption of their civilian life. Veterans' Administration estimates, higher pension rates. We find that many Experience g~ined from the World War year, extensive investigations aimed at of those veterans and. widows reside in II program indicates that readjustment determining why the rate of election is the low-income areas and many are lo benefits are far pr_eferable to the bonus so low. These investigations consisted cated in small towns and rural areas concept. It is costing about $5 billion a of two nationwide studies by Veterans' where they are difficult to reach. It is year to operate it. It is being operated, Administration and investigations by the apparent, however, that if a concerted in a very effi.cient fashion by the Vet committee which led to the examination effort can be made by the thousands of erans' Administration. It has the gen of approximately 5,000 veterans' case veteran service officers employed by the eral support of the public. There are folders and personal interviews with vet major veteran organizations and States many minor changes which are needed erans and widows in various sections of and counties, several hundred thousand from time to time and as conditions the United States. These interviews low-income veterans and widows can be change and major groups become in were conducted with veterans and wid- advised of their · rights and given sub- volved, new concepts may be needed. · 18694 CONGRESSIONAL- RECORD - ·HOUSE September 6 These must be approached with great . 10 percent disabling for the purpose of zations pass a national convention man caution and no steps should be taken awarding compens-ation. date, that the action in itself is sufficient which would endanger the very substan The second bill is blinded veterans prima facie reason for an investigation tial benefits which millions of veterans training, Senate bill 2869, Public Law 87- by the Veterans' Affairs Committee for and their families no'f enjoy. 591. The purpose of this bill, which is the purpose of holding hearings, and Two recent bills passed by the House, also known as H.R. 10857, is to afford determining the question at hand. one affecting peacetime veterans' hos additional time during which certain It is my fond hope that upon my re pitalization, Senate bill 3109, eliminates veterans blinded by reason of a service turn to Washington that the committee discrimination that now exists, and connected disability may be afforded vo will consider further legislation to be would leave preference to war veterans. cational rehabilitation training. enacted affecting the reopening of the The purpose of the bill is to furnish The purpose of this report is to ac NSLI insurance to all veterans; and to quaint members of the Legion as to the hospital and medical care, including broadening and liberalizing · by amend outpatient treatment, to peacetime ex accomplishments to date of Veterans' servicemen for service-connected disabil Affairs Committee of the House in the ment the provisions in Public Law 86- ities on the same basis as such care and 87th Congress. The report does not, in 211 to effectuate a realistic pension treatment is furnished war veterans. its comments, reflect my personal atti measure and be corrective to meet the Now Public Law 87-583. This means tude toward the legislation discussed, but critical objections to the law which have that they can be provided treatment for rather the general feeling of the mem prevented thousands of veterans and a minor service-connected disability bers of the committee. widows from electing to sign up under it even though they have no such disabil It is my candid opinion that where and then perfect the original purposes ity which can be rated as much as duly Federal recognized service organi- of the act.
Resume of bills enacted into law, with a summary of Veterans' Affairs Committee acts since the 80th Gong. to date, Aug. 6, 1962 BILLS ENACTED INTO LAW
Date of approval Bill No. Title Law Remarks No. House Senate President
H.R. 5723.------To e::>."tend the veterans guaranteed and direct home loan Apr. 13,1961 June 26, 1961 July 6,1961 87-84 Mr. Teague of Texas program and to provide additional funds for the vet- Mar. 20, 1961. erans' direct loan program. H.R. 866.------To amend sec. 4004 of title 38, United States Code, to re- Mar. 6,1961 July 7,1961 July 20,1961 87-97 Mr. Teague of Texas quire that the Board of Veterans' Appeals render .find- Jan. 3, 1961. ings of fact and conclusions of law in the opinions setting forth its decisions on appeals. H .R. 7148 ___ -----_------To equalize the provisions of title 38, United States Code, June 19, 1961 July 6, 1961 July 21,1961 87-99 Mr. Teague of Texas (by request) relating to the transportation of the remains of veterans May 17, 1961. who die in Veterans' Administration facilities to the place of burial. _____ do ______H.R. 2953 ------To amend sec. 521 of title 38, United States Code, to pro- Mar. 6,1961 July 7,1961 87-101 Mr. Teague of Texas vide that certain service shall be creditable for pension Jan. 3, 1961. purposes. H.R. 6269 ______To extend the provisions for benefits based on limited June 19,1961 _____ do ______do ______87-102 Mr. Teague of Texas (by request) periods immediately following discharge from active Apr. 12, 1961. duty after Dec. 31, 1956, to veterans discharged before that date. H.R. 845. ____ ------To amend title 38, United States Code, to increase the Mar. 6,1961 July 11,1961 Aug. 14,1961 87-138 Mr. Teague o.! Texas rate of special pension payable to certain persons award- Jan. 3, 1961. ed the Medal of Honor, and for other purposes. H.R. 4539. _------To amend sec. 723 of title 38 of the United States Code to Mar. 21, 1961 Sept. 1,1961 Sept. 13, 1961 87-223 Mr. Teague of Texas provide for immediate payment of dividends on insur- Feb. 17, 1961. ance issued under sec. 621 of the National Service Life Insurance Act of 1940 which has been converted or exchanged for new insurance under such section, and for other purposes. H.R. 1098. _------To amend sec. 901 of title 38, United States Code, to pro- Aug. 21, 1961 -----do ______Sept, 14, 1961 87-240 Mr. Thomson of Wisconsin vide that a flag shall be furnished to drape the casket of Jan. 3, 1961. each deceased veteran of Mexican border service. I H.R. 6969 ______------To amend sec. 417 of title 38, United States Code, to pro- _____ do ______Sept. 7,1961 Sept. 21, 1961 87-268 Mr. Teague of Texas · vide that death pension may be paid in lieu of depend- May 10, 1961. ency and indemnity compensation in certain cases involving service-connected deaths occurring after Dec. I 31, 1956. _____ do ______H. R. 8414 ______------__ _ To amend sec. 5011 of title 38, United States Code, to _____ do ______Sept. 26, 1961 87-314 Mr. Teague of 'l'exas (by request) clarify the authority of the Veterans' Administration to July 31, 1961. use its revolving supply fund for the repair and reclama- tion of personal property. H .R. 3587------To .amend sec. 612 of title 38, United States Code, to pro- Mar. 6,1961 Sept. 14, 1961 Oct. 4,1961 87-377 S. 2051, added as Mr. Teague of Texas vide outpatient medical and dental treatment for veter- amendment Jan. 3, 1961. ans of the Indian wars on the same basis as such treat- in Senate, mont is fumished to veterans of the Spanish-American included in W:ar. final enact- ment. H.R. 8415 ______------To change the classes of persons eligible to receive pay- Apr. 2,1962 July 18,1962 July 25,1962 87-544 Mr. Teague of Texas (by request) menta of benefits withheld during the lifetime of deceased July 31, 1962 .. veterans while being furnished hospital or domiciliary care. ___ __do ______H .R. 1811------To amend ch. 35 of title 38, United States Code, relating to --~--do. ______qo_------87-546 Mr. Loser war orphans' educational assistance, in order to permit Jan. 4, 1961. eligible persons thereunder to attend foreign educational institutions under certain circumstances. _____ do ______t H. R. 10068. ____ ------To amend sec. 742 of title 38, United States Code, to permit _____ do ______do._----- 87-549 Mr. Teague of Texas the exchange of 5-year term policies of U.S. Government Feb. 5, 1962. life insurance to a special endowment at age 96 plan. H. R. 8282.------To amend sec. 3203(d) of title 38, United States Code, to _____ do._----- •.••. do.------July 27,1962 87-556 Mr. Teague of Texas provide that there shall be no reduction of pension other- July 20, 1962. wise payable during hospitalization of certain veterans with a wife or child. · H .R. 10669_ ------To liberalize the provisions of title 38, United States Code, _____ do._----- .. : . .. do._----- _____ do._----- 87-557 Mr. Teague of Texas Congress
80th 8lst 82d 83d 84th 85th 86th 87th
Bills and resolutions referred ..------498 619 436 402 537 491 628 584 64 50 46 71 69 55 36 3, 2, 355 2, 562 5, 337 4, 271 4, 834 3, 472 2, 459 Exe»::cut~:rs.~:~-p~es~=ive sessions __ ------= ====----= -----======------======--= ==---= = --= = =----=== -= ------======------54~9 34 27 55 37 28 21 14 44 36 36 48 44 42 51 1 ------14 1 5 2 6 ~~ ~~~~6~======1======~ 16 14 2 17 11 6 14 ~R'illsdecomm:gsi~n~:~l~~~:tted ______~~____e:-s___en__aie::::______: : : ::::::_. ___: ::::_____::_::::::::::::::::______. ____ ------______~ -_ 1 1 2 ------1 6 1 1 ------1 ------Bills vetoed______1 2 4 ------1 ------1 f~s ~~!~~e~~~~- ~~:~~ ~==: : :::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::: ------36- 24 2~ ------25------30------26------33------~ iis
1 I law included the substance of 2 bills reported separately.
REPORT TO THE CONGRESS, BY An interesting survey of the indus Station 6: "Sawmilling," D. W. House, try and its development in various Southern Wood Preserving Co., Atlanta, Ga. REPRESENTATIVE ROLAND V. "Seasoning of Lumber," P. M. Williams, Jr., LffiONATI, ON THE STUDY OF phases was given by Dr. M. D. Mobley, Moore Dry Kiln Co., Jacksonville, Fla. OUR NATIONAL FORESTRY POL executive secretary, American Vocational Station 7: "Pole Production and Classifica ICY AND STANDARDS CONTRID Association, Washington, D.C.; Mr. tion," Tom Sawyer, Atlantic Creosoting Co., George W. Dean, State forester, Vir Portsmouth, Va. "Cross Tie Production,'' UTING TO THE DEVELOPMENT ginia Forest Service, Charlottesville, Va., E. L. Kidd, Tie and Timber Department, Sea AND ECONOMIC STATUS OF THE and Dr. R. E. McArdle, retired Chief board Air Line Railroad Co., Jacksonville, GREAT AMERICAN PULP INDUS Forester, U.S. Forest Service, Washing Fla. TRY, THROUGH THE COOPERA ton, D.C. Luncheon: 12:15 p.m., eastern standard time ( 1:15 p.m., eastern dayli ght saving TION OF NATIONAL, STATE, Then, the superduper demonstration time) , courtesy Seaboard Air Line Railroad COUNTY, COMMERCIAL, AND program was in order, as follows: Co. FARMERS' INTERESTS, IN THE WOODS DEMONSTRATION PROGRAM, Special events: Water bombing, Steve PROPAGATION, CONTROL, AND CHESTER, VA. Ayers, U.S. Forest Service, Washington, D.C. Helicopter seeding, James K. Vessey, U.S. MANAGEMENT OF FORESTRY Location: Mineola farm tract, located in Chesterfield County, Va., about 1 mile north Forest Service, Atlanta, Ga. RESOURCES of Chester. Introduction of distinguished visitors: Mr. WRIGHT. Mr. Speaker, I ask Date: May 8, 1962, Tuesday. Robert N. Hoskins. Time: 10 a .m ., eastern standard time (11 Comments: The Honorable J. VAUGHAN unanimous consent that the gentleman GARY, Member of Congress, Third Congres from Illinois [Mr. LIBONATI] may extend a.m. eastern daylight saving time). Introductory remarks: Robert N. Hoskins, sional District of Virginia, Richmond, Va. his remarks at this point in the RECORD. general forestry agent, Seaboard Air Line Comments and introduction of principal The SPEAKER pro tempore. Is there Railroad Co., Richmond, Va. speaker: Warren T. White, assistant vice pres objection to the request of the gentleman Introduction of Governor: John W. Smith, ident, Seaboard Air Line Railroad Co., Rich from Texas? president, Seaboard Air Line Railroad Co.; mond, Va. There was no objection. , Richmond, Va. Address: Charles B. Stauffacher, executive Address of welcome: The Honorable Alber vice president, Continental Can Co., Inc., Mr. LIDONATI. Mr. Speaker, it was New York, N.Y. the good fortune of a considerable num tis S. Harrison, Governor of Virginia. Talk: "Forestry in the Vo-Ag Program," by Special feature : Operation of Interna ber of Congressmen to join, by invita Dr. M. D. Mobley, executive secretary, Amer tional Paper Co.'s Buschcombine, by N. T. tion, with our distinguished colleague, ican Vocational Association, Washington, Busch, Southern Kraft Division, Mobile, Ala. the Honorable VAUGHAN GARY, of Vir D.C. Conclusion: 2: 20 p.m., eastern standard ginia, to attend a forestry demonstration Talk: "Virginia Forest Service Forestry time (3: 20 p.m. eastern daylight savings in his congressional district, just south Program," by George W. Dean, State forester, time.) of Richmond, Va.., on May 8, 1962. Virginia Forest Service, Charlottesv1lle, Va. Agencies cooperation with the Seaboard The Seaboard Air Line Railroad, spon Talk: "The Small Farm Woodland Owner," Air Line Railroad Co. in this program: At by Dr. R. E. McArdle, retired Chief Forester, lantic Creosoting Co.; Continental Can Co., sor of the program, was genial host in a U.S. Forest Service, Washington, D.C. Inc.; Forestry Equipment Co.; Halifax Paper most interesting invasion of the sciences Introduction of local guests. Co.; International Paper Co.; Koppers Co., contributing so much to the advance DEMONSTRATION PROGRAM Inc.; Moore Dry Kiln Co.; Riegel Paper Corp.; ment of the pulp industry. We were wel Southern Wood Preserving Co.; Union Bag comed aboard by J. R. Getty, general Station 1: "Cone Collection and Nursery Camp Paper Corp.; United States Steel Corp.; tra:mc passenger manager, at the Union Production," Clem A. Halupka, Continental Virginia Electric and Power Co.; agricultural Station, leaving Washington at 8 a.m. Can Co., Inc., Hopewell, Va. "Forest Genet education division, State board of educa ics," Dr. Bruce Zobel, School of Forestry, tion; Agricultural Stabilization and Conser Breakfast was served and we were south North Carolina State College, Raleigh, N.C. vation Service; Farrp. and Home Administra bound. Upon our arrival in the Rich Station 2 : "Mechanical Tree Planting and tion; Mineola Land Corp.; North Carolina mond area we were greeted by a high Hand Planting," Geo. W. Mosely, Forestry State College School of Forestry; Soil Con school drum and bugle corps and a num Equipment Co., Jacksonville, Fla. "Fire Con servation Service; State department of agri ber of distinguished citizens and o:fficials. trol," Robert W. Slocum, Virginia Forest culture and immigration; State department We then entered buses that carried us Service, Richmond, Va. of conservation and development; U.S. Forest to our destination, Mineola Farm Tract, Station 3: "Aerial Detection of Insects," Service; Virginia Extension Service; Virginia Robert Heller, U.S. Forest Service, Beltsville, Forest Service. Chesterfield County, 1 mile north of Md. "Service Forestry," H. J. Andersen, Hali Chester, Va. fax Paper Co., Roanoke Rapids, N.C. The seedling wa.s traced botanically in After the introductory remarks of Station 4: "Hardwood control," s. M. its gathering and germination, from na Robert N. Hoskins, general forestry Hughes, Riegel Paper Corp., Bolton, N.C. ture's enwrapped pod through its sprout agent, Seaboard Air Line Railroad, of "Markets and Marketing of Creosoted Wood ing and tree growth, to its ultimate Richmond, and the presentation, for the Products," R. R. Rowe, United States Steel marking for the bladed and circular saw address of welcome, of .the Governor of Corp., Pittsburgh, Pa. truck, whose iron arms embraced the Virginia, Albertis S. Harrison, by John Station 5: "Production and Treatment of Farm Products," A. H. McCullough, Koppers tree, simultaneously cutting through at W. Smith, our genial host and president Co., Inc., Florence, S.C. "Pulpwood Produc the base of the trunk and lifting it to the of the Seaboard Air Line Railroad Co., tion and Paper Manufacturing," H. S. James, bed of the truck alongside, shearing off the instructive portion of the program Jr., Union Bag-Camp Paper Corp., Franklin, the branches and foliage with tremen- was initiated. Va. . dous speed, and depositing the trimmed 18696 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD- HOUSE Septernber 6 log in its proper place thereon. In a percent daily production soda, semi Pulpwood consumption has increased question of minutes, a full load was chemical and miscellaneous 19 percent; steadily from 6.1 million cords-1920-to ready to transfer to the hauling trucks 54 percent of total daily pulpwood capac 35.2 million cords-1958. About 85 per to the railroad· or the mills. ity produced in the South, 29 percent in cent of the pulpwood consumed in 1958, REFORESTATION REPORT, 1961-62 the North, and 17 percent in the West. or 29.8 million cords, consisted of round A total of 38,828,330 tree seedlings The South's attracticm to the indus pulpwood cut directly from the forests, were planted in Virginia in this period. try rests on the following factors-favor and about 15 percent or 5.4 million cords Last year, 1960-61, 45,463,000 were able timber supply and timber cost. were mill residues obtained from saw planted. OVer 5,000 acres were refor Such factors as labor supply, availability mills and other primary manufacturing ested by direct seedling-a record ac of water, chemicals, and power, and ex plants. cording to the Virginia division of cellent transportation facilities for both The Virginia mill eapacity can be best forestry. pulpwood and the finished products. studied from the following table: The number of seedlings planted in Virginia since the beginning of the re Mill capacity in tons per 24 hours forestation program-1917-totals 338,- Plant Plant name · Plant loca- 199,130. No. tion Sui- Sul- Ground Semi- Mis The greater bulk of seedlings planted Total fite fate wood Soda chem- cella were loblolly pine, 90 percent of total ical neous 36,021,000; white pine, 2,630,000; short leaf pine, 601,000; Virginia pine, 283,000; 151 . Chesapeake Corp. of Virginia______West Paint_ 600 ~ ::::::: :::::: --- - ::::::: 152 Continental Can Co., In~------HopewelL __ 850 100 and yellow poplar, 153,000; locust, cedar, 153 James River Pulp Corp______Columbia___ 25 ------25 ------154 Mead CorP------Lynchburg__ 175 ------175 ------spruce, pitch pine, table pine, and scotch 155 Owens-illinois Glass Co ______Big Island__ 150 ------150 ------pine, together 60,000. 156 Southern JOhns-Manville Products Jarratt_____ 200 ------200 ------The seedlings, 29,722,000 grown by the 157 u£~~Bag-Camp Paper Corp______Franklin____ 600 I______600 ------:______~------Virginia division of forestry at the New 158 West Virginia Pulp & Paper Co______Covington_- 940 ~------580 ------,------360 ------Kent County nursery; some at Char lottesville; 2 million from Government , State total (8 plants) ______------3, 540 ==:2, 480 ---;25 == -s35 == agencies. The remaining 8 million were grown by the forest industry, mostly WOODPULP THE FOREST Continental Can Co., of Hapeville. A to Woodpulp is a basic fiber. Take a A tree builds itself by growing suc tal of 21,100,000 seedlings planted by sheet of paper, tear it and hold one of cessive layers of cells, each new layer farmers and other small landowners. the torn edges to the light. Along the adding to the annual rings seen in a The pulp and paper industries provided edge appears a slight fuzz. Here and cross section of a log. It is its own 4,325,850 free on a matching basis. Oth there strands will project separately like chemical factory producing fibers nour er wood using industries gave 600,500. fine hairs. These strands are cellulose ished by sun and rain. A system of tubes The forest industry planted over 18,- fibers. Paper is made by floating mil conducts water from the soil upward to 227,380 seedlings on its own free land- lions of such fibers suspended in water the leaves. In the green pigment of the 15,767,300 by the pulp and paper indus onto a moving screen. As the water is leaves, the energy of the sun's rays try, and 2,460,080 by lumber companies drained through the screen, these fibers · brings about the formation of sugars and other wood-using industries. form a thin mat. which, squeezed and and starches from the chemical com The importance of the use of forest dried, becomes paper. Tearing pulls the bination of water and carbon dioxide. lands is growing r-apidly throughout the fibers apart, leaving the fuzz along the The resulting carbohydrates formed by country and in Virginia~ There are four edge. this process called photosynthesis are major uses developed through the years: Most of the cellulose fibers come from used as food for the growth of the tree. First. Wood production. wood. Cellulose, a complicated combi Each species of tree grows fibers Second. Use as watersheds. nation of carbon, oxygen and hydrogen, uniquely its own. Some like those found Third. As habitat for wild game and is found in wood in the form of small in spruce, pine, and fir, are long and slen fish. threads. They average from one-twen der. Others like those found in poplar Fourth. In outdoor recreation. tieth to one-sixth of an inch in length, and cottonwood are short and stubby. The competition for the use of land and their length is 100 times their width. Fibers differ in color, softness, and is increasing with our increase in popu Glued together by another complex sub strength. lation, therefore, we must make more stance, lignin, these fibers constitute half These differences, although minute, effective use of what. lands we have and the bulk of an average tree Complex determine the qualities of products scientifically increase their productibil chemical and mechanical processes are made out of pulpwood. ity for the purposes intended to the used by the woodpulp industry to extract The sciences of physics and chemis greatest yield of all the products and these fibers from the lignin and other try have developed methods of recon services that can be realized. It takes substances found in the wood, and to citing these differences in the pulping good management of forest lands to per prepare them for commercial use. process, working and blending the mit the various uses so as to minimize Yet, tiny as these fibers are, streaming fibers to produce the right. kind of pulp the counter interference that may impair out of pulp mills by the ton-they form for a particular end product. its resources. the raw material for thousands of prod The problems of the industry are PULPMILLS ucts essential to modern living-books, manifold and through research and for There are 364 woodpulp mms in the newspapers, facial tissue~ wrapping pa est ca1te and control the tree growth United States-1959. Each mill consists per, paper bags, shipping sacks, paper from the seedling stage to its ha1·vest of the manufacturing facilities used in milk bottles, paper d1inking cups, car is a special botanical science. A modern producing a specific type of pulp such tons, boxes, tar paper and myriads of pulp company will plan its wood require as sulfite or groundwood. The average ments long in advance. Some from their capacity of all woodpulp mills-in 1959- other paper products. So also by chemical treatment which own expansive acres, some from inde- about 226 tons per day. Average capac . pendent pulpwood producers, and some ity per plant-two or more mills operated dissolve the fiber and change its mole cules, are rayon and cellophane and ex from independent fanners. The pulp as a unit-291 tons per day. The type wood cutters will be careful to leave of woodpulp produced are sulfite, sulfate, plosives, and photographic film, and behind seedlings or seed trees to provide groundwood. soda, and semichemical. plastics in many forms and shapes, from other crops in the futu:re·r The daily capacity of all pulpmills in the base and headpiece of the telephone Practical forest conservation is of the United States amounted to 82.155 to the pipe that earries. crude petroleum paramount importance. Tree farming tons-1959-or 2,813 million tons per from the oilfields. The cord used to of tremendous ·Q..Creages are of signal year. reinforce the rubber in tires and the in impo1·tance to remaining in the business. The sulfate mills accounted for 53 gredient used to make ice cream fluffy The maintaining of private forest percent of sulfite and groundwood, 28 originate in woodpulp. laboratories and experimental stations ·coNGRESSIONAL 'RECORD-- HOUSE 18697 ·where- expert foresters investigate the The paper industry in the United ·States efforts has the approval a-nd ·coopera propagation of improved species of seed Continued· tion of his administration. He should lings through genetics, effect of soil and Annual payments for pulp be· complimented on his sincere interest climate on growth. They work with the wood______$800,000,000 in the welfare of the people of the State Annual investment in re- National and State Governments in com search ______. $65,0~0,000 of Virginia and the further fact that he bating the ravages of fires, insects, and .has accomplished though his good o:tnces disease-the greatest enemy of -the for The economic· analysis of the southern ·and influence the expansion of the in ests. Fire towers and firefighters are pulp and paper industry for 1960, calls to dustrial· and forest propagation of lands provided-powerful insecticides are de our attention the following facts and .in the Commonwealth. veloped and sprayed by airplane to arrest statistics: blights and plagues. The habits of in Primary pulp and paper PROGRESS IN SPACE sects are studied as well as their likes and mills ______73 dislikes. Total purchases of pulp Mr. HECHLER. Mr. Speaker, I ask The modern forest, man planted, is wood------·------$471, 020, 000 unanimous consent to extend my re Total number of employees: marks at this point in the RECORD. alive with activity. Construction of Mill and factory ______roads and draining systems, thinning of 77,788 The SPEAKED pro tempore. Is there Forestry and reforestation_ 8,656 objection to the request of the gentleman old stands to untrap sunlight, and pro Total 1960 payroll: mote faster growth. The marking of Mill and factory ______$429,203,800 from West Virginia? special trees to be left as seed throwers. Forestry and reforestation_ $33,742,900 There was no objection. The planting of seedlings in old fields. Replacement value of mills_ $3,737,625,000 Mr.-HECHLER. Mr. Speaker, the ad Tree farm signs pledging owner of timber Number of forest owners 1 __ 11,827,162 dress which the gentleman from Cali:.. to manage it according to standards and Acres, commercial forest fornia just delivered is a highly signif 1 193,288,000 It not overcut. The swing of axes and land ------icant one. places in perspective the the hum of saws keeps a steady rhythm Acres, paper company forest_ 21,809,600 magnific'ant progress which our Nation while the new growth is replenishing Cords pulpwood produced: is making in all aspects of space. It From independent owners_ 19,309,900 clears the record and establishes with the supply. From company owners __ _ 4,241,10b About one-third of the land area of Outlying concentration out peradventure of doubt that Presi the United States is wooded. Federal woodyards-----·------ 661 dent Kennedy's leadership has not only and State Governments own 25 percent Equivalent number of full moved us forward remarkably in the _of the commercial forest land in reserve. time jobs provided by space program, but indicates that the Railroads, pulp companies, and lumber wood harvesting______96, 127 President has a full awareness of the Landowners aided by indus- military aspects of space necessary for companies and other industrial enter try ______-·------prises own 16 percent. Farmers and 36,157 the preservation of our national secu Acres they own ______8,872,700 rity. On the other hand, President Ken other industrial enterprises control 59 Seedlings supplied land- percent. · owners ______61,101,337 nedy realizes full well the dangerous im Nine-tenths of the country's wood Seedlings planted by indus- plications to the human race which supply came from these industrial and trY------325,326,284 would result from a space program ori private owners where good forestry is Company nurseries ______20 ented toward war rather than toward the practiced under the guidance of scien Seedlings produced ______241,696,221 peaceful advancement of mankind. .Foresters employed by in I would like to call attention to the tific experts with the States, counties, 1,396 and Federal. Government and including dustrY------ brilliant address made by Deputy Sec · Cost, improving company retary of Defense Roswell L. Gilpatric, personnel of the groups themselves. forests------$34,301,600 A modern pulp mill costs millions of yesterday in South Bend, Ind., the home Acres of company forest town of our distinguished and able col dollars to build-and it must remain opening______to hunting and fish-__ _ where it is built. Therefore, out of their 17,885,400 league, the gentleman from Indiana need for a continuing and assured sup Acres, State game refuges __ 1,068,500 [Mr. BRADEMAS]. Secretary Gilpatric ply of fiber, the growing of a self-replen Company forest recreation, wisely stated, in part: areas------·------129 The United States believes that it is highly ishing forest, thus becomes a stabiliz Paper company scholarships_ 135 desirable for its own security and for the ing influence in our forest economy. Youths in industry-spon- security of the world that the arms race The paper industry in the United States sored forest camps ______1,087 should not be extended into outer space, Total number of plants in Company-sponsoredforests ______school _ and we are seeking in every feasible way to the United States______5, 312 170 achieve this purpose. Today there is no States containing plants___ 47 1 1953 Timber Resource Review figures. doubt that either the United States or the Cities and towns with Soviet Union could place thermonuclear plants ______.:.----- 1, 153 We owe a personal debt of gratitude to weapons into orbit. We have no program to Number of employees in Congressman VAUGHAN GARY and Robert place any weapons of mass destruction into paper industry______560, 000 N. Hoskins for their arrangements and orbit. An arms race in space wm not con Wages and salaries paid an- plans in setting up this project. We tribute to our security. I can think of no nually (including fringe greater stimulus for a Soviet thermonuclear thank the many experts, both National arms effort in space than a U.S. commit benefits)------$3,400,000,000 and State, for their myriad of intelligent ment to such a program. This we will not do. Annual sales______$12, 500, 000, 000 contributions to the subject at hand. Federal taxes paid an We are greatly appreciative of the im Secretary Gilpatric made it clear that nually______$600,000,000 portant role played by the leaders of the the Kennedy administration is pursuing S~ate and local taxes paid industry in making possible the progress .cooperative efforts in space through the annually______$200, 000, 000 made by their concerns in this important United Nations, and other agencies, and Capital spent for new plant he added: and equipment between area of the economy and sending their We will, of course, take such steps as are 1951 and 1960------$5,736,000,000 experts to acquaint us with the details of . its every operation and research in the necessary to defend ourselves and our allies Paper and paperboard pro- if the Soviet Union forces us to do so. duced annually (tons)___ 34, 000, 000 interest of an established economy. Amount of paper used an And, of course, we cannot forget our These remarks by a high Pentag·on nually by each person in genial hosts, the Seaboard Air Line Rail official serve to supplement what the able the United States road president, Mr. John W. Smith, Mr. chairman of the House Committee on (pounds)------435 Warren M. White, assistant vice presi Science and Astronautics, the gentleman Wood pulp produced an- dent, and Robert N. Hoskins, general from California [Mr. MILLER], has told nually (tons)------25, 000, boo forestry agent of the Seaboard. Pulp produced annually us today. from sources other than The address of the Honorable Albertis · I would like to point out further that wood (straw, rags, cotton S. Harrison, Governor of Virginia, em many expenditures by agencies such as fiber, hemp, bagasse and phasized the terrific economic impact the National Aeronautics and Space Ad other grasses) (tons)--- 1, 000, 000 that the industry exerts on the econ ministration, National Science Founda Reused pulp fibers, i.e., omy of Virginia and the national econ tion, Weather Bureau, Bureau of Stand waste paper (tons)------9, 400, 000 omy. His concept of the. future of these ards, and so forth-expenditures which CVIII--1177 18698 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD- HOUSE September 6 Mr. JENSEN. tee of the Whole House on the State of the do not show up in the defense budget Union. are clearly of value in enhancing our na , un By Mr. CORMAN: to commend and congratulate the gen der its previous order, the House ad H.R. 13062. A bill to provide for the issu tleman from California [Mr. MILLER] journed until Monday, September 10, ance of a special postage stamp in com 1962, at 12 o'clock noon. memoration of the 250th anniversary of the for the leadership which he is giving birth of Padre Junipero Serra; to the Com as chairman of the House Committee mittee on Post Office and Civil Service. on Science and Astronautics, in an area EXECUTIVE COMMUNICATIONS, ETC. By Mr. FOGARTY: which most certainly will control the H.R. 13063. A bill to provide for the pro future destiny of the peoples of our Na Under clause 2 of rule XXIV, executive duction and distribution of educational and tion and the entire world. communications were taken from the training films for use by deaf persons, and Speaker's table and referred as follows: for other purposes; to the Committee on 2482. A communication from the President Education and Labor. SPECIAL ORDERS GRANTED of the United States, transmitting proposed By Mr. HALPERN: By-unanimous consent, permission to supplemental appropriations in the amounts H.R. 13064. A bUl to control the human address the House, following the legisla of $8,394,000 for the executive branch and intake of agricultural commodities contain tive program and any special orders $185,000, together with a proposed language ing radioactive substances, and for other pur provision for the District of Columbia, for poses; to the Joint Committee on Atomic heretofore entered, was granted to: Energy. Mr. WRIGHT, for 30 minutes, today. the fiscal year 1963 (H. Doc. No. 537) ; to the Committee on Appropriations and ordered to By Mr. McFALL: Mr. PILLION importation of bread; with amendment H.R. 13069. A bill to provide assistance to Mr; CUNNINGHAM, (Rept. No. 2325) • Referred to the commit- certain States bordering the Mississippi CONGRESSIONAL RECORD- SENATE 18699 River- in the construction of the Great River tures, if our jaded and fraye.d spirits are REPORT ON EXAMINATION OF PROCUREMENT OF Road; to the Committee on Public Works. to be _restored. . _ DEFECTIVE CONTROLLERS FOR VERTICAL GYRO . By Mr. WIDNALL: Knowing -that out of the· travail of INDICATING SYSTEMS FROM SUMMERS GYRO H.J. Res. 875. Joint · resolution clarifying SCOPE Co., SANTA MONICA, CALIF, the responsibility of the-Joint Committee on many a violent age a great new bi;rth has come, by Thy grace keep _our fa-ith A letter from the Comptroller General of the Library with respect to historical exhibits the United States, transmitting, pursuant to and objects, and other antiquitJes located in steady lest for the lack of it we lose law, a report on the examination of the pro the U.S. Capitol Building, and for other pur what Thou dost intend in this prophetic curement of defective controllers for vertical poses; to the Committee on_House Adminis_-: day. . gyro indicating systems from Summers Gyro tration. We ask it in the Redeemer's name; scope Co. (now Guidance Technology, Inc.), By Mr. ROGERS of Florida: Amen. Santa Monica, Calif., dated August 1962 H. Con. Res. 520. Concurrent· resolution re (with an accompanying report); to the Com.:. affirming the Monroe Doctrine as a funda mittee on Government Operations. mental part of the foreign policy of the THE JOURNAL United States; to the Committee on Foreign ROBERT 0. NELSON AND HAROLD E. JOHNSON Affairs. On request of Mr. HuMPHREY, and by A letter from the Secretary of Health, By Mr. BOGGS: _ unanimous consent, the reading of the Education, and Welfare, transmitting a draft H.Res. 795. Resolution authorizing the Journal o-f the proceedings of Wednes of proposed legislation for the relief of Rob printing of a document entitled "Free Trade, day, September 5, 1962, was dispensed ert 0. Nelson and Harold E. Johnson (with Tariff Legislation, and Common Markets for with. an accompanying paper); to the Committee the Western Hemisphere" as a House docu on the Judiciary. ment and to provide for the printing of additional copies; to the Committee on REPORT ON U.S. PARTICIPATION IN House Administration. THE INTERNATIONAL ATOMIC EN REPORTS OF COMMITTEES ERGY AGENCY-MESSAGE FROM The following reports of committees PRIVATE BnLS AND RESOLUTIONS THE PRESIDENT (H. DOC. NO. 538) were submitted: Under clause 1 of rule XXII, private The PRESIDENT pro tempore laid be- By.Mr. METCALF, from the Committee on bills and resolutions were introduced and .fore the Senate the following mes5age Interior and Insular Affairs, without amend from the President of the United States, ment: severally referred as follows: which, with the accompanying report, S. 3566. A bill to change the name of Har By Mr. JONES of Alabama: was referred to the Joint Committee on pers Ferry National Monument to Harpers H.R. 13070. A bill to authorize and direct Atomic Energy: Ferry National Historical- Park (Rept. No', the Administrator of -the Farmers Home Ad 1999). ministration to _quitclaim certain property To the Congress of the United States: By Mr. MOSS, from the Committee on In in Jackson County, ·Ala., to Skyline Churches terior and Insular Affairs, with an amend Cemetery, a corporation; to the Committee I transmit herewith,. pursuant to the ment: on Agriculture. International Atomic Energy Agency S. 1924. A bill to amend the act of ·Au By Mrs. KELLY: Participation Act, the fifth annual re gust 27, 1954' (68 Stat. 868) with respect to H.R. 13071. A bill for the relief of Gilbert port covering U.S. participation in the the Uintah and Ouray Reservation in Utah Fitzgerald Thomas and his wife, Norma Ina International Atomic Energy Agency for (Rept. No. 2000). Beatrice Thomas, nee Kendall; to the Com the year 1961. By Mr. JACKSON, from the Committee on mittee on the_Judiciary. JOHN F. KENNEDY. Interior and Insular Affairs, without amend By Mr. LANE: THE 'WHITE HOUSE, September 6, 1962. ment: H.R. 13072. A bill for the relief of Robert H.R. 11164. An act to approve an amenda 0. Nelson and Harold E. Johnson; to the tory repayment contract negotiated with the Committee on the Judiciary. Quincy Columbia Basin Irrigation District, . By Mr. MARTIN of Massachusetts: TRANSACTION OF ROUTINE authorize similar contracts with any of the H.R. 13073. A bill for the relief of Mrs. BUSINESS Columbia Basin irrigation districts, and to Rose M. Powers; to the Committee on the The PRESIDENT pro tempore. Under amend the Columbia Basin Project Act of Judiciary. 1943 (57 Stat. 14), as amended, and for other By Mr. McDONOUGH: the agreement, morning business is in purposes (Rept. No. 2002). H.R. 13074. A bill for the relief of Helene order for 15 minutes. By Mr. MONRONEY, from the Committee Auguste Marie Niese!; to the Committee on Mr. HUMPHREY. Mr. President, I on Commerce, with amendments: the Judiciary. ask unanimous consent that statements S. 962. A bill to amend the Federal Avia H.R. 13075. A bill for the relief of Truman in the morning hour be limited to 3 tion Act of 1958, as amended, to aid the W. Maltby; to the Committee on the Judi minutes. Civil Aeronautics Board in the investigation ciary. The PRESIDENT pro tempore. With of aircraft accidents, and for other pur By Mr. POWELL: poses (Rept. No. 2001). .H.R. 13076. A bill for the relief of Monica out objection, it is so ordered. Elaine Awang; to the Committee on the .Judiciary. COMMITTEE MEETING DURING ABATEMENT OF OBJECTIONABLE AffiCRAFT NOISE-REPORT OF A •• ..... I I SENATE SESSION On request of Mr. HUMPHREY, and by COMMITTEE (S. REPT. NO. 1998) SENATE unanimous consent, the Committee on Mr. ENGLE. Mr~ President, I am Post Office and Civil Service was author pleased to submit a report from the Com:. THURSDAY, SEPTEMBER 6, -1962 ized to meet during the ·session of the mittee on Commerce urging favorable Senate today. The Senate met at 9 o'clock a.m., and consideration of S. 3138, a bill to amend was called to order by the President pro the Federal Aviation Act of 1958, in or tempore. der to provide for research to determine EXECUTIVE COMMUNICATIONS, criteria and means for abating objec The Chaplain, Rev. Frederick Brown ETC. Harris, D.D., offered the following tionable aircraft noise. This measure prayer: The PRESIDENT pro tempore laid be would authorize the Administrator of the fore the Senate the following letters, Federal Aviation Agency to conduct such Most merciful God, fountain of all which were referred as indicated: research within the Agency, jointly in wisdom and goodness, we thank Thee for REPORT ON SUMMARY OF REVIEWS OF MAIN cooperation with any public or private the gift of sleep when the tangled web TENANCE . AND SUPPLY SUPPORT OF CERTAIN agency, or through outside grants, con of weary striving arid confused thinking. EQUIPMENT FuRNISHED UNDER MILITARY tracts, or other arrangements. emerges clarified and straightened by ASSISTANCE PROGRAM This country can be deservedly proud the touch of a new day. A letter from the Comptroller General of of having the finest, safest, and most effi We come with grateful hearts in ·this the-United States, transmitting, pursuant to cient air transportation system-in· the temple of freedom, bowing at the altar law, a report on the summary of reviews of world. The benefits which ·have · ac of prayer which our fathers set up· at the maintenance and supply support of Army equipment .furnished to Far East countries crued to every citizen and every sector the Nation~s birth. In so turbulent· a under the military assistance program, dated of the economy are self-evident. The time, with its tumult and shouting, for August 1962 (with an accompanying report); policy of continued encouragement, de.. our soul's sake we must find the quiet to .the Committee on Government Opera velopment, and perfection of our- air' places, the still waters, the green pas- tions. transportation system is one with which