OUTLIHE OP PRINCIPAL EHVEHTS IK THE DEVELOPMENT OF SHAPE ' '
Marshal-Montgomery and Joint American Military
Advisory Group (JAMAG,— Major General Kibler} point up
necessity for t3.élgg together the three European Regional
Planning Groups, and creating a command organization under
a supreme commander.
HATO. Military and Defense Committees met in Washing-
ton, D. C. Principal items of business on the agenda con-
sisted of German Rearmament, U. S. Reinforcement of Europe,
and appointment of a Supreme Commander of Europe. Although
progress on these issues which U.S. insisted he treated as a
"package proposal" was blocked by refusal of the French
Defense Minister (Mr. Moch) to dlsnusa any but the French
integrated European Army scheme. Informal discussions
were held concerning the designation of a Supreme Commander.
Concensus of opinion among the Defense Ministers indicated that
the Commander of American nationality was desired* General
Eisenhower's name was entered for consideration.
U. S. Joint Chiefs of Staff, the Standing Group of HATO,
and the NATO- Nations, through defense channels indicated
acceptability of General Elsenhower as Supreme Commander,
Europe. Informal approval of President Truman likewise
obtained. JÎS initially, approached the problem of a
Supreme Allied Commander on the basis that there should
first be established a COSSAC headed by a Chief of Staff
agreeable in advance to the Supreme Cpmraender. Further
consideration of this approach, however, indicated the de-
1 DECLASSIFIED - PUBLICLY DISCLOSED - PDN(2012)0008 DECLASSIFIED - PUBLICLY - DÉCLASSIFIÉ MIS EN LECTURE PUBLIQUE sirability of installing General Eisenhower at the earliest
practicable date for the purpose of capitalizing on his DECLASSIFIED - PUBLICLY DISCLOSED - PDN(2012)0008 - DÉCLASSIFIÉ - MIS EN LECTURE PUBLIQUE LECTURE EN - MIS - DÉCLASSIFIÉ - PDN(2012)0008 DISCLOSED - PUBLICLY DECLASSIFIED initiative and personality in inaugurating the enormous
job to be done. General Gruenther accepted by General / 1
Eisenhower for the position of his Chief of Staff. . s camber 1950 By a gr« om«nfc be tween the U.S. JCS and Qaneral Eison-
Kowar1 Qanaral Gruantliar ms directed to select three
assistants, and to initiate the primary planning Incident
to tha establishment of SHAPE. Officers selected were:
Colonal Robert J. Wood, U.S.Army (National Iter
College Faculty).
X>t Colonel Alfred Starbird, U.S. Army (On Engineer
duty in central U.S.).
Lt Colonel P. T. Carroll, U.S. Army (Instructor, »
Army War College).
Theaa officers reported to General Gruenther as personal
assistants during the period 4-9 Dacambsr 1950.
j,"-i^Lt Colonel Carroll, in the maantine, had conferred r personally with General Eisenhower, and had been told
by General Eisenhower that he would definitely be Included
within his organization as Supreme Commander. As it develop-
ed, Lt Colonel Carroll subsequently assumed duties as General
Eisenhower's senior aide. DECLASSIFIED - PUBLICLY DISCLOSED - PDN(2012)0008 DECLASSIFIED - PUBLICLY - DÉCLASSIFIÉ MIS EN LECTURE PUBLIQUE DECLASSIFIED - PUBLICLY DISCLOSED - PDN(2012)0008 - DÉCLASSIFIÉ - MIS EN LECTURE PUBLIQUE LECTURE EN - MIS - DÉCLASSIFIÉ - PDN(2012)0008 DISCLOSED - PUBLICLY DECLASSIFIED
J 9 Dooember 1950 By agreement between the U.S. JCS and Oeneral
Eisenhower, Qenaral Oruenthar was directed to
select three assistants, and to initiate the primary
planning incident to the establishment of SHAPE.
Officers selected were:
Colonel Bobert J. Wood, U.S.Army {National War College Faculty).
Lt Colonel Alfred Starbird, U.S.Army (On Engineer duty in central U.S.)
Lt Colonel P.T. Carroll, U.S. Array (Instructor, Army War College).
These officers reported to General Gruenthor
as personal assistants during the period 4-9
December 1950. General Gruenther and Colonel Wood
established offices on opposite sides of mE" Ring
of the Pentagon, 2nd Floor, Room 651
Lt Colonel Carroll, in the meantime, bad con-
ferred personally with Oeneral Eisenhower, and had
been told by General Eisenhower that he would definitely
be included within his organization as Supreme Cpmmander.
As it developed, Lt Colonel Carroll subsequently
assumed duties as General Elsenhower's senior aide. member 1950 VGeneral Gruentjier and .. Londons-Iip attend Defefts«. Committee Meetlbg. fed*».) . scember 1950 Qenaral Sruenther and Colonel S ta Pbitf d arrive -London. \ scomber 1950 Colonel Starbird presented General Handy with a lotto from General. Cte1Uenther In London, requesting General Handy's assistance in organizing SHAPE. ^General Handy delegated this responsibility to the Commanding General, DECLASSIFIED - PUBLICLY DISCLOSED - PDN(2012)0008 DECLASSIFIED - PUBLICLY - DÉCLASSIFIÉ MIS EN LECTURE PUBLIQUE 7966th Detachmentf EUCOM. Brig General YQUQ^. Colonel DECLASSIFIED - PUBLICLY DISCLOSED - PDN(2012)0008 - DÉCLASSIFIÉ - MIS EN LECTURE PUBLIQUE LECTURE EN - MIS - DÉCLASSIFIÉ - PDN(2012)0008 DISCLOSED - PUBLICLY DECLASSIFIED «•bird displaced to Parla to r^connolter Fontainbl«au, and the Paris area for a temporary location for SHAPE Headquarters. Cciional Starblrd reported to Ganeral Qjruenther In \ V London. \ \ , \ \\ /t Genaral Qriienther arrived IHnKI shlngton. Colcmal ^Starblrd arrived Ip Paris and'continued reconnaissance V \ - for\temporapy looatltga of SHAPS Headquarters. Xi > ^ Colonel Starblrd reoonnoitered Verdun) Rhlems and Metz, and then reported to Oaneral Handy In Heidelberg. ferç reCOitoenda fclon of Colonel Starbipd, Ganeral GraentherVradioed Ganaral Handy ^questing that the Aatorla Hotel be made available èfl a temporary location for SBÄWä Headquarters, and tha^ General Haaây dealg-nata t£n\off IcVra "toa'S'âïst- in-advance planning- £x>r „SHAPE-lnParla. General ffiruenther, Colonal Tordan and Lt Colonel Goodpaater départ Ifeahlngton for Brussels. \ Colonel Worden, Lt Colonel Goodpaster and Me- Oolonel--StarbtTd-^eAn In Paris. Defense Committee meets in Brussels. General Gruenfeher assists Admiral Sherman-, tShe latter, re- "v --presenting General Bradley. At ten o'clock on tha morning of the 18th,,the officers designated by General Handy to assis% t in SHAPE Advance Planning meat at the Astoria Hotel «Ith Colonel Wordan,aLt Colonel Stsrbird., and Lt Col Goodpastar. These officers included: Colonel 2feuraton, U.S.A. (EUCOr) DECLASSIFIED - PUBLICLY DISCLOSED - PDN(2012)0008 DECLASSIFIED - PUBLICLY - DÉCLASSIFIÉ MIS EN LECTURE PUBLIQUE CblOHBl Stt1th, U.S.A. (Paris PLANAT) DECLASSIFIED - PUBLICLY DISCLOSED - PDN(2012)0008 - DÉCLASSIFIÉ - MIS EN LECTURE PUBLIQUE LECTURE EN - MIS - DÉCLASSIFIÉ - PDN(2012)0008 DISCLOSED - PUBLICLY DECLASSIFIED UT c* I Pw , Captain Änderst^ USR (6th FleeO Colonel IIontelthl, BSAF (Paris PLAKAT) - - Golpnel Tallyf U.S.A {JAMAG, London) Lt Colonel Hardenhurg1 U.S.A (EUOO|l£ Lt Colonel Taylor, U.S.A. (EETCOM) Colonel Thurston assumq^dutles as the senior and personal representative of General Oruenther In Paris. At his direction work was initiated on studies dealing with: SHAPE headquaters organization. SHAPE subordinate command structure. Actlop'of SHAPE in event of an ear^y emergency, to ittdude^ plan for displacement frai^ Astoria Hotelt^o "^ontalnbleau). Phaasd operation of SHAPE headquarters to include time table of absorption of European Regional Planning Groups. S â V i s i o n s . Action required of SAC, Europe under his terms of reference (DC 24/3). Site for permanent location of SHAPE headquarters. Colonel Bronn, USA, (CStGSC) arrived in Parla to assume duty as Headquarters Commandant* General Sruenther arrived in Paris to consult with Advance Planning Group. General Gruenther departed Paris for U.S. General Gruenther arrived in Washington. Colonel Starbird departed Paris for U.S. DECLASSIFIED - PUBLICLY DISCLOSED - PDN(2012)0008 DECLASSIFIED - PUBLICLY - DÉCLASSIFIÉ MIS EN LECTURE PUBLIQUE Colonel Starbird reported to General Gruenther DECLASSIFIED - PUBLICLY DISCLOSED - PDN(2012)0008 - DÉCLASSIFIÉ - MIS EN LECTURE PUBLIQUE LECTURE EN - MIS - DÉCLASSIFIÉ - PDN(2012)0008 DISCLOSED - PUBLICLY DECLASSIFIED In Washington, and turned over initial draft of study * s on SHAPE organization prepared by Advance Planning Group in Paris. Dacembar 1950 Colonel Worden and Colonel Ooodpaater depart for U.S. December 1950 Lt Colonel Goodpaster reported to General Gruenther and turned over initial draft of study on SHAPE sub- ordinate command structure prepared by Advance Planning Group in Paris. DECLASSIFIED - PUBLICLY DISCLOSED - PDN(2012)0008 DECLASSIFIED - PUBLICLY - DÉCLASSIFIÉ MIS EN LECTURE PUBLIQUE DECLASSIFIED - PUBLICLY DISCLOSED - PDN(2012)0008 - DÉCLASSIFIÉ - MIS EN LECTURE PUBLIQUE LECTURE EN - MIS - DÉCLASSIFIÉ - PDN(2012)0008 DISCLOSED - PUBLICLY DECLASSIFIED ... , January 1951 Initial Increment of U.S. Staff personnel arrive,/ in Parla January 1951 Colonal Thurston conducts briefing for U.S. officers present for duty with SHAPE and Indicates tentativa staff organisation on functional basis to lnoludat Colonel Thurston aa Acting Chle^ of Staff} a Secretariat? and ^tudy^toups for Personnel, Intelligence, Organization and Training, Plans and Operations, and XiOglstlaa* Additional agencies comprised Headquajtkavs Êftmmandatït, Slnge^f, and PIO«At Colonel lhuraton'a directionj < -J staff study groups ConMntteJf work on studies enumerated above. January 1951 Colonel Wood, Secretary of SHAPE, arrives in Paris, and Is briefed by Staff y^tudy groups on studies above. Decision made by Colonel Wood to tara the i> establishment on duty at the moment the U.S. f/ Advance Planning Oroup, SHAPE. January 1951 Oaneral Elsenhower and Qanaral Gruenther arrive in DECLASSIFIED - PUBLICLY DISCLOSED - PDN(2012)0008 DECLASSIFIED - PUBLICLY - DÉCLASSIFIÉ MIS EN LECTURE PUBLIQUE Paris. DECLASSIFIED - PUBLICLY DISCLOSED - PDN(2012)0008 - DÉCLASSIFIÉ - MIS EN LECTURE PUBLIQUE LECTURE EN - MIS - DÉCLASSIFIÉ - PDN(2012)0008 DISCLOSED - PUBLICLY DECLASSIFIED OTRAXXINS OP PRINCIPAL EVENTS IN OIK DEVELOPMENT OF SHAPE _Decombor 1950 Advance Party goes to Paris* Party consists or Gieneral Oruenther ; Colonel Brown (Headquarters Commandant); Lt Colonel Ooodpaster (Secretariat); Colonel Worden (Secretariat). In Paris Advanoe Party rallied with Colonel Thurstonj^EUCOH^; Lt Colonelcy-! USAP of PLANAT; Captain Anderson, USK, Sixth Fleet; Colonel Smith, Paris PLANAT; Colonel Kontelth, Paris PLANAT; Colonel Tully ( ). r 1 Arrangementa «MH made for the take-over from the 7966th EUCOF Detachment of the Aatorla Hotel as the temporary location of SHAPE. 7966th EUCOM Detachment in process of moving to Orleans. <- Arrange- <- ' ments made for support of SHAPE by EUCOM And 7966th EUCOK Detachment. (Initial assistance for Supply, Signals, MPs). MwiWfH by General Gruenther designating*Colonel Thurston as art^t^* DECLASSIFIED - PUBLICLY DISCLOSED - PDN(2012)0008 DECLASSIFIED - PUBLICLY - DÉCLASSIFIÉ MIS EN LECTURE PUBLIQUE DECLASSIFIED - PUBLICLY DISCLOSED - PDN(2012)0008 - DÉCLASSIFIÉ - MIS EN LECTURE PUBLIQUE LECTURE EN - MIS - DÉCLASSIFIÉ - PDN(2012)0008 DISCLOSED - PUBLICLY DECLASSIFIED IIWMHrepresentative for SHAPE affairs in Paris. Colonel Tburston to supervise preparation of studf^on ï SHAPEheadquarters organization. SHAPE subordinate command structure Action of SHABE in event of an ea^ly emergency, > V \ " to Include plan for displacements from Astoria Hotel^K^ » \ & Phased operation of SHAPE headquarters to includt time table of absorption of European flegionaj Planning Groups. ' ^Securl fcy^^o visons. Actlbti required of SAC, Europe under his terms of reference (DC 24À). Site for permanent location of SHAPE Headquarters. December 1950 Advance Party returns from Pari3 with first draft of study on SHAPE organization and subordinate command structure. December 1950^ U.S. Joint Chiefs of Staff place U.S. Army and Air Force / * ( in £u£opa,raâdqp.S. Naval Porces in the Eastern Atlantic and Mediterranean under SAC1 Europe's operational oom- DECLASSIFIED - PUBLICLY DISCLOSED - PDN(2012)0008 DECLASSIFIED - PUBLICLY - DÉCLASSIFIÉ MIS EN LECTURE PUBLIQUE ~ roand (CM °UT 99078). * UAtr ÇJ tty^l^^JCa- Ayr^rr-* ^yCv. anusry 1951 General Gruenther briefed on studies enumerated above. Decision announced by General Gruanthar that Intro- duotlon of Allied officers Into the U.S. Advanoe Planning Qroup «ill be done on a gradual basis* ( On Uiis date Rational Jtlaison èffleers briefed bj Qeneral Qruenther and asked to provide, commencing the following week, one, two or three officers per country. Each ln-coming officer to be OOSMIC cleared and accredited to SHAPE formally in writ- ing. ' ( » January 1951 Qenerail^Eisenhowe^ and 3enera^ Gtruenther comm^ncej^ tour of European Capitals. r. . January 1951 Brigadier General Schuyler arrives in Paris and is* briefed on studies enumerated above. January 1951 All t^.S. EYES OHJJY papers collected a^d removed >i \ from Aatoria Hotel to U. sY Qnbassy. January 1951 Initial increment of Allied officers report for duty with SHAPE. U.S. Advanoe Planning Group, SHAPE becomes Advance Planning Group,, SHAPE. 'General Schuyler^as Acting Deputy Chief of Stafft DECLASSIFIED - PUBLICLY DISCLOSED - PDN(2012)0008 DECLASSIFIED - PUBLICLY - DÉCLASSIFIÉ MIS EN LECTURE PUBLIQUE issues formal directive governing major studies to DECLASSIFIED - PUBLICLY DISCLOSED - PDN(2012)0008 - DÉCLASSIFIÉ - MIS EN LECTURE PUBLIQUE LECTURE EN - MIS - DÉCLASSIFIÉ - PDN(2012)0008 DISCLOSED - PUBLICLY DECLASSIFIED \ be prepared by SHAPE Advance Planning Group. • • I January 1851 U.S. offl&ors diapatohed to Bordeaux and to Lyon-Vichy to raconoltar thaaa araas aa possible altaa for permanent SHAPE JIaadguarters* Heturned 19 January 1951. * • ' • « L January 1951 U.S. officer^ dispatched to Tours to reoonnolter for possible sita for permanent SHAPEheadquarters. Returned 22 January 1951. ' t * , • S January 1951 3 tudj^iiawaee a by General SchuylW^mtSSmmaA in to Secretariat. 5 January 1951 General Eisenhower and General Gruenther arrive in Paris during course of visita to European Capitals. $ January 1951 General Eisenhower and General Gruenther briefed on studies relative to organization of SHAPE and SHAPE subordlna t^camaand structure. ^ General Eisenhower addresses all Allied officers with SHAPE, together with senior U.S. officers in each^taff ^roup. / ^Communist demonstration falls to materialize* General Elsenhower announces decision on subordinate command structura* .Decision made to locate permanent DECLASSIFIED - PUBLICLY DISCLOSED - PDN(2012)0008 DECLASSIFIED - PUBLICLY - DÉCLASSIFIÉ MIS EN LECTURE PUBLIQUE SHAPE Headquartara In vicinity of Versailles. French DECLASSIFIED - PUBLICLY DISCLOSED - PDN(2012)0008 - DÉCLASSIFIÉ - MIS EN LECTURE PUBLIQUE LECTURE EN - MIS - DÉCLASSIFIÉ - PDN(2012)0008 DISCLOSED - PUBLICLY DECLASSIFIED Government asked to nominate and contribute site. January 1951 Ganeral Eiaanliomr and Oenoral Gruenther depart for "U.S. via Iceland and Canada* General Schuyler announces décision made by General Eisenhower that SHAPE Headquarters will not exceed 200 officers. Cp&oJfhaff J&oup formalizes General Eisenhower's decision on subordinate command structure in a memoran- dum for the Standing Group. . * February 1951 Oeneî*al-,Gruentber returns from U.S. .Terms of reference for Commanders in Chief under SAC, Europe submitted to 3eneral Gruenther for approval. DECLASSIFIED - PUBLICLY DISCLOSED - PDN(2012)0008 DECLASSIFIED - PUBLICLY - DÉCLASSIFIÉ MIS EN LECTURE PUBLIQUE DECLASSIFIED - PUBLICLY DISCLOSED - PDN(2012)0008 - DÉCLASSIFIÉ - MIS EN LECTURE PUBLIQUE LECTURE EN - MIS - DÉCLASSIFIÉ - PDN(2012)0008 DISCLOSED - PUBLICLY DECLASSIFIED