Mp F14af01279 Interim Performance Report Fisheries Research

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MP F14AF01279 INTERIM PERFORMANCE REPORT FISHERIES RESEARCH

Submitted by THE COMMONWEALTH OF THE NORTHERN MARIANA ISLANDS

DEPARTMENT OF LANDS AND NATURAL RESOURCES

DIVISION OF FISH AND WILDLIFE

RICHARD B. SEMAN, DLNR SECRETARY

PERIOD COVERED:

OCTOBER 1ST, 2014–SEPTEMBER 30ST, 2015

TABLE OF CONTENTS

Fisheries Research Program Annual Report

COMMENTS ...... 4

RECOMMENDATIONS ...... 5

COST ESTIMATION AND RATIONALE ...... 6 Table 1 ...... 7

INTERIM PERFORMANCE REPORT ...... 8

PROJECT 1 Administration ...... 8

PROJECT 2 Checklist of CNMI Fishes...... 11

PROJECT 3 Monitoring and Assessment of Marine Sanctuaries ...... 15

PROJECT 4 Select Species Tagging Studies ...... 18

PROJECT 5 Evaluation of Management Measures ...... 27

PROJECT 6 Comprehensive Inshore Creel Survey ...... 30

PROJECT 7 Fish Life History Evaluation ...... 35

PROJECT 8 Technical Guidance ...... 40

APPENDIX A PUBLICATIONS AND IN-HOUSE REPORTS ...... 47 CNMI Fish Fact Sheet ...... 48 Checklist of CNMI Fishes...... 56

COMMENTS

1. During FY 2015 the Fisheries Research Section was tasked with performing ESA species presences surveys in project sites. These activities required substantial time and follow-up, including report writing that were required for Sport Fish Restoration (SFR) grant programs. Although progress was made to address these issues, they also took considerable time and effort and pulled from a limited operational budget. We are eagerly awaiting the results of the section 7 consultation as the FRS programs success is dependent on its authorization.

2. Significant events occurred during the fiscal year which hindered not only program activities but all activities in the CNMI. The 2015 fiscal year was a challenging year for the CNMI as a whole given that numerous typhoons passed relatively close to the islands. These storm events resulted in damages to the islands only fiber optic cable, which hindered communication with anyone outside the CNMI. The most recent storm, Typhoon Soudelor, devastated the island of Saipan leaving majority of the residents without power and water for 2-3 months. Typhoon Champi occurred one month after Typhoon Soudelor and slowed recovery efforts.

3. The FRS has been overwhelmed with vessel problems which have also prevented progress with certain in water activities. The 27’ fisheries vessel’s engines frequently break down. Repairs were made towards the beginning of the fiscal year, but other electrical and mechanical issues arose after the initial test run. In addition to the engine problems, there is a need to repair or entirely replace both the 27’ and 15’ vessel trailers. Continued delays in obtaining these trailers may result in catastrophic damage to the trailer and vessel.

4. During the first and third quarters of the year we lost key Inshore Creel staff, which hampered creel activities. The Division has been actively recruiting for these positions with the intention of having new technicians by the second quarter of FY16.

5. FRS Staff participation in the NOAA PIFSC research expedition to conduct Soft- bottom and Midwater Ecosystem Surveys throughout the CNMI was not possible due to program restrictions. Survey results will be obtained through communications with the principle investigator.

6. Significant progress has been made in the expenditure and tracking of DJ FRS grants. Changes in purchase request protocols have streamlined interoffice routing of documents. The administrative staff have been working diligently to process and route purchase orders and contracts. However, recent changes in project accounting requirements have increased paper work for the administrative section as well as FRS. Having multiple accounts to manage makes it more difficult to procure items that would generally be used for FRS program as a whole.

7. Several amendments to the SFR Proposal were needed in order for the FRS to address changes in equipment and building needs. Towards the end of fiscal year 2015, a request was made to extend and increase costs in the grant.

RECOMMENDATIONS

1. At the end of the 2015 fiscal year, the Fisheries Supervisor position was vacated. The fisheries supervisor position needs to be more competitive within the region. The Division should look into avenues to improve recruitment of personnel for this position. A comparison of similar positions should be made, and adjustment should be made accordingly. Salary may need to be increased to interest qualified applicants to the position.

2. The Fisheries Research Section should be provided with basic work environment training. Although some training opportunities were made available for professional and technical staff enhancement, little focus was made on workplace trainings. Workshops on substance abuse and prevention, corruption, sexual harassment, and workplace sensitivity will significantly improve staff understanding and etiquette in the office.

3. Fisheries staff education should be a priority. Professional and technical staff should be supported when working toward improving their education. Funding opportunities are available to pay for their tuition, and current programs are flexible for taking courses off-campus, such as over the internet. Overall the educational advancement of FRS staff strengthens our Division and provides high-quality research results that fulfill our obligations to Sport Fish Restoration.

4. The section 7 review process has significantly hampered progress in FRS projects. The Division should explore avenues to improve this review process so as to minimize delays in program activities.

5. The FRS is well-staffed, but it lacks some basic equipment. There is a need for repairs and replacement of current equipment and the building in order for the FRS to be a more effective section. This will help provide a safer work environment. . Equipment and upkeep in need includes purchasing basic instruments to measure water quality and to assess benthic habitat structure and quality, upgrade of computer systems (biological staff are currently using Windows XP), replacement of trailers for the large and small whalers, repair of termite damage to the warehouse flooring (2nd floor), rewiring of the warehouse electrical system, and increase warehouse security by replacing several doors.

COST ESTIMATION AND RATIONALE

SALARIES

1. The numbers of employees funded under the Dingell-Johnson Sportfish Restoration Act Grant were determined per Notifications of Personnel Action (NOPA).

2. The number of hours each DJ-funded employee allocated to each DJ-funded ‘job’ over the course of the fiscal year was tallied from the employees’ Daily Activity Records (DAR). The DAR is an unofficial record employees must fill out at the end of a pay- period in order to receive their salary. It includes any and all activities an employee participated in over the pay-period, including any sick leave, annual leave, holiday leave, etc.

3. The DFW Administrative Section provided personnel cost per Job breakdowns.

COSTS

Operations, Capital Items and Contracts

Object Code costs were obtained from the Department of Finance. These costs were then assigned to a specific Job based upon the identification of the JOB to be charged during the initial purchase request process.

Travel

All travel costs were obtained from the Department of Finance. Travel costs were attributed directly to the project/job they were accomplished under.

Table 1. Estimated Actual costs of the DFW FRS per project versus the costs “Expected” for each DFW Sportfish Restoration Act Grant funded ‘Job’ for Fiscal-Year 2015.

Expected Costs Project 1 Project 2 Project 3 Project 4 Project 5 Wages/Salaries $2,258 $14,791.30 $20,664.86 $50,068.19 $17,455.64 Fringe Benefits $26,953.45 $3,121.78 $4,894.48 $11,696.12 $5,192.25 Travel $ - $ - $ - $ - $ - Operating Costs $38,762.13 $500.00 $1,500.00 $2,000.00 $1,000.00 Capital Equipment $ - $ - $ - $ - $ - Indirect Costs (3%) $2,039.22 $552.39 $811.78 $1,912.93 $709.44 Job Total $70,013.20 $18,965.47 $27,871.12 $65,677.24 $24,357.33

Project 6 Project 7 Project 8 Totals Wages/Salaries $89,096.92 $51,509.88 $31,930.58 $277,775.77 Fringe Benefits $24,348.05 $10,441.74 $9,757.13 $96,405.00 Travel $2,500.00 $ - $1.00 $2,501.00 Operating Costs $15,000.00 $3,500.00 $500.00 $62,762.13 Capital Equipment $ - $ - $ - $0.00 Indirect Costs (3%) $3,928.35 $1,963.55 $1,265.66 $13,183.32 Job Total $134,873.32 $67,415.17 $43,454.37 $452,627.22

Actual Costs Project 1 Project 2 Project 3 Project 4 Project 5 Wages/Salaries $4,198.27 $14,869.42 $21,019.32 $49,406.88 $16,539.25 Fringe Benefits $28,990.43 $3,478.28 $4,451.34 $8,206.82 $3,623.80 Travel $4,106.19 $ - $ - $ - $ - Operating Costs $16,290.32 $227.65 $894.08 $971.05 $0.00 Capital Equipment $ - $ - $ - $ - $ - Indirect Costs (3%) $1,588.00 $541.00 $765.00 $1,707.00 $579.00 Job Total $55,173.21 $19,116.35 $27,129.74 $60,291.75 $20,742.05

Project 6 Project 7 Project 8 Totals Wages/Salaries $74,272.41 $52,239.70 $32,412.21 $264,957.46 Fringe Benefits $24,838.29 $9,151.98 $8,029.86 $90,770.80 Travel $ - $ - $ - $4,106.19 Operating Costs $16,026.95 $3,166.91 $0.00 $37,576.96 Capital Equipment $ - $ - $ - $0.00 Indirect Costs (3%) $3,210.00 $1,897.00 $1,145.00 $11,432.00 Job Total $118,347.65 $66,455.59 $41,587.07 $408,843.41

1. State: Commonwealth of the Northern Mariana Islands (CNMI) Grant number: F14AF01279 Grant name: CNMI Fisheries Program Components Project number and name: Project 1: ADMINISTRATION 2. Report period: 1 October, 2014 to 30 September, 2015 Report due date: December 31, 2015 Report received date: ______3. Location of work: Administration includes all activities occurring within and associated with the FRS offices and warehouse. 4. Costs: Expected: $70,013.20 Estimated: $55,173.21 Sources and amounts of Federal Aid funds in this grant: 100% SFRA Grant 5. Objectives: 1. Coordinate with Coordination Section for the payment on communications for Fisheries and Data Sections (quarterly) a. Phone service – landline b. Phone service – cellular c. Internet d. GPS tracking 2. Coordinate with Coordination Section for the payment of utilities for the Fisheries and Data Sections (quarterly) a. Water b. Electricity 3. Coordinate with the Coordination Section for the payment of grounds keeping for the Fisheries and Data Sections (quarterly) 4. Coordinate with the Coordination Section for the payment of janitorial services for the Fisheries and Data Sections (quarterly) 5. Warehouse termite eradication and inspection of damage a. Inspect for termite damage (first quarter). b. Eradicate termites within and around the fisheries warehouse (annually). 6. Maintain warehouse for Fisheries Research Section a. Obtain scope of work from contractor to perform cleaning services. Clean, organize and provide repair work as needed (weekly).

6. If the work in this grant was part of a larger undertaking with other components and funding, present a brief overview of the larger activity and role of this project. Project 1 supported all FRS projects under SFR by combining the shared uses of communications, utilities, maintenance, grounds keeping and janitorial services.

7. Describe how objectives were met. See attachment 1 for additional requirements. 1. Communications – Phone (land and cell), internet, and GPS tracking services were provided through Administration by payment to the provider. 2. Utilities – Electricity and water were provided through Administration by payment to the provider. 3. Grounds keeping - provided through Administration by payment to the provider. 4. Janitorial - provided through Administration by payment to the provider. To save costs part of the year FRS staff performed these services, however this was not beneficial because of lack of time, equipment and supplies. 5. Warehouse termite eradication and inspection of damage a. Inspect for termite damage (first quarter) - Contractors were invited to inspect the fisheries warehouse and develop proposal for the project. The Department of Public Works – Building Code Division provided technical guidance in the process. b. Eradicate termites within and around the fisheries warehouse- This task was not met. Effort was focused on obtaining bids for building repairs. 6. Maintain warehouse for Fisheries Research Section a. Obtain scope of work from contractors to perform cleaning services. Fisheries staff cleaned warehouse as needed. Scope of work for cleaning services was provided to administrative section, but no cleaning contract was made for the FRS warehouse. b. Clean, organize and provide repair work as needed (weekly). Fisheries staff organized warehouse and performed maintenance work as needed. If a specialist is required for the task, a contractor is solicited for estimates.

Surveys and inventories: compare approach to that described in project statement. 1. Pay bills associated with Communications Tasks were performed as proposed. 2. Pay bills associated with Utilities Tasks were performed as proposed. 3. Pay bills associated with Grounds Keeping Tasks were performed as proposed. 4. Pay bills associated with Janitorial Services Tasks were performed as proposed. 5. Termite eradication and inspection of damage a. Draft scope of work (SOW) and coordinate with Coordination Section to solicit quotations companies and inspect termite damage to the second floor of the warehouse and provide estimates to repair termite infested lumber within the fisheries offices (first quarter); process contracts as required.

Meetings and site visits were made with contractors to obtain estimates on repair needs of the fisheries warehouse. Ultimately it was decided that an ITB was need for the repairs to the FRS office. Consultations with the Department of Public Works (DPW), Technical Service Division (TSD) was held to determine the scope of work needed for the repairs. An ITB was being developed for this project, but was not completed before the end of the fiscal year. The FY15 grant was ultimately amended to focus funds and effort on the repairs to the FRS warehouse. b. Continue termite baited trap service (annually), This task was not performed as anticipated in the proposal. Funds were used to pay for other needs of this project. 6. Warehouse maintenance and upgrades a. Clean/organize warehouse for storage of tools, materials and supplies, and repair as needed. Add shelving in tank/gear room to organize equipment. FRS staff performed cleaning around the fisheries warehouse as needed; however, this approach was not completed since no shelving was installed in the FRS equipment room. Funds were used to pay for other needs in this project.

8. Discuss differences between work anticipated in grant proposal and grant agreement and that actually carried out with Federal Aid grant funds; include differences between expected and actual costs. Work was performed as specified in the proposal. The FY 15 grant was amended to increase costs and extend the project period. It was decided the making the necessary repairs to the warehouse was essential to the overall success of the Divisions FRS program.

9. List any publications or in-house reports resulting from this work. None.

10. Name, title, phone number, and email address of person compiling this report. Michael C. Tenorio, Fisheries Biologist, Phone: 664-6044, Fax: 670-664-6056, Email: [email protected]

1. State: Commonwealth of the Northern Mariana Islands (CNMI) Grant number: F14AF01279 Grant name: Fisheries Research Program Project number and name: Project 2: CHECKLIST OF CNMI FISHES

2. Report period: 1 October, 2014 to 30 September, 2015 Report due date: December 31, 2015 Report received date: ______

3. Location of work: The checklist includes all fish species occurring within the Commonwealth’s EEZ.

4. Costs: Expected: $18,965.47 Estimated: $19,116.35 Sources and amounts of Federal Aid funds in this grant: 100% Dingell-Johnson Sportfish Restoration Act Grant.

5. Objectives: 1. Incorporate and update samples and photos of uncommon finfishes to the checklist data base (by the 3rd quarter). 2. Update FY2014 collections and identifications of unknown finfish species from NOAA cruises (by March 2015). 3. Participate in available research cruises to the Northern Islands along the Mariana Archipelago to add potential finfish species to checklist (April-June 2015). 4. From the accumulated 1st to 3rd quarter new species to the checklist (from Objectives 1 and 2), provide an informational brochure detailing name, description, distribution, habitat and life history to the public by the 4th quarter.

6. If the work in this grant was part of a larger undertaking with other components and funding, present a brief overview of the larger activity and role of this project. The activities under this project are performed in collaboration with other organizations. However, funding from this project is not interdependent with funds from these organizations.

7. Describe how objectives were met. See attachment 1 for additional requirements. 1. Incorporate and update samples and photos of uncommon finfishes to the checklist data base (by the 3rd quarter). Samples were obtained through collaboration with fishermen, vendors, private organization and the public. Additional samples were obtained through surveys conducted by other government agencies like NOAA-PIFSC. Videos were provided to FRS to identify and update species for each island visited. Initial species or family

determination is made, and information on date, location, fishermen name, and gear type is recorded. When possible, specimens were purchased and taken to the FRS lab for further analyses. Other specimens were obtained as incidental catch from bottom fishing effort for the FRS life history project. Other samples were provided by fishermen for identification. All samples are identified to the lowest taxonomical level and are confirmed by NOAA fisheries staff and independent fisheries professionals. References used for species determination:  Online resource such as Fishbase.org,  Micronesian Reef Fish, 3rd Edition by R.F. Myers;  Reef and Shore Fishes of the South Pacific: New Caledonia to Tahiti and the Pitcairn Islands, by J. E. Randall;  Reef Fish Identification-Tropical Pacific, by G. Allen et. al;  The Fishes of the Japanese Archipelago, by H. Masuda et. al. 2. Update FY2014 collections and identifications of unknown finfish species from NOAA cruises (by March 2015). A species list of what was collected during the 2014 fisheries cruise was provided to the fisheries research section during the month of December. Updates to the Checklist were made during the second and third quarters of fiscal year 2015. 3. Participate in available research cruises to the Northern Islands along the Mariana Archipelago to add potential finfish species to checklist (April-June 2015). The FRS were not able to participate in the NOAA research activities to the Northern Islands for fiscal year 2015, but information was made available to the office for records purposes. Underwater video recordings were provided to the FRS for reference and identification of potentially new marine species records for the CNMI. 4. From the accumulated 1st to 3rd quarter new species to the checklist (from Objectives 1 and 2), provide an informational brochure detailing name, description, distribution, habitat and life history to the public by the 4th quarter. Fact sheets for uncommon specimens describing common names, scientific names, maximum size, habitat, diet, physiology, distribution and other available information was developed. The information was obtained from various literature sources. Fact sheets were developed for the following species; Cephalopholis sexmaculata, Cirrhigaleus barbifer, Epinephelus morrhua, Epinephelus retouti, Hyporthodus octofasciatus, Pristipomoides flavipinnis, Parupeneus heptacanthus, Randallichthys filamentosus. (See attached appendix A-1). Additional information on contributors of each species and catch locations were also entered.

Surveys and inventories: compare approach to that described in project statement 1. Records will be obtained in conjunction with other Division of Fish and Wildlife (DFW) activities such as marine sanctuary surveys, sampling of vessels returning from the Northern Islands of the CNMI, confiscations from DFW Enforcement Section, and/or specimens provided by fishermen. Fish samples from the Northern Islands will also be obtained in collaboration with the NOAA Pacific Islands

Fisheries Science Center’s (PIFSC) scheduled fisheries cruise in June 2015, and from an opportunity to perform research on Guguan Island from a DFW-Wildlife funded cruise. The proposed NOAA/PIFSC June 2015 cruise has proposed to examine oceanographic processes and make nearshore/offshore collections of fishes from the Northern Islands. The exploratory nature of this work favors collections of new species to be added to the Species Checklist, which could not otherwise be obtained under DFW SFR funds alone. DFW’s participation on the cruise will be limited to projects and species under SFR, with wages and meeting health and training requirements for Federal vessels being covered under SFR. Collections of fishes from the NOAA cruise will be obtained predominantly from IKMT mid-water trawls from approximately 300m to the surface. Participation in the NOAA research activities was not performed as anticipated, due to grant restrictions. Although FRS staff participation in the NOAA PIFSC research cruise in 2015 was not allowed, FRS was afforded some information from the sampling efforts. Not all available information was provided to FRS, but we are working diligently with Dr. Kobayashi to obtain this information as they become available. 2. Identification of species will be aided by utilizing existing DFW literature, physical examination of the specimens, consultation with other regional professionals and other methods as appropriate. All identification of species was performed as proposed in approach. 3. DFW will use a standard format to use for each brochure during the first quarter. Information for each specific brochure will be derived from regional and worldwide literature and made available to the public. Tasks for this approach were performed as proposed. 4. Data will be entered into the updated checklist on a biannual basis and be made available for public use. Data was entered as proposed and information is available to the public through the CNMI DFW website. (See attached appendix A-2)

8. Discuss differences between work anticipated in grant proposal and grant agreement and that actually carried out with Federal Aid grant funds; include differences between expected and actual costs. Work was performed as specified in the proposal. Updates were listed for the island of Uracas, Maug, Asuncion, Pagan, Alamagan, Guguan and Sarigan. A table listing of species recorded for the islands is provided in appendix A-1. A majority of the consultations were made with on island fisheries specialists. No significant costs were incurred over the budget for this project.

9. List any publications or in-house reports resulting from this work. 2015 Updates to the Checklist of Fishes of the CNMI is attached in Appendix A-1. DFW Fisheries Research Section Fact Sheets of new records for the CNMI are attached in Appendix A-2.

10. Name, title, phone number, and email address of person compiling this report: Michael C. Tenorio, Fisheries Biologist, Phone: (670) 664-6044 FAX: (670) 664-6056, Email: [email protected]

1. State: Commonwealth of the Northern Mariana Islands (CNMI) Grant Number: F14AF01279 Grant name: Fisheries Research Program Project number and name: Project 3: MONITORING & ASSESSMENT OF MARINE SANCTUARIES

2. Report period: 1 October, 2014 to 30 September, 2015 Report due date: December 31, 2015 Report received date: ______

3. Location of work: Saipan, Rota, Tinian and Northern Islands (Monument).

4. Costs: Expected: $27,871.12 Estimated: $27,122.74 Sources and amounts of Federal Aid funds in this grant: 100% SFRA Grant

5. Objectives: 1. Update survey data (Stationary Point Counts and belt transect) from 2011-present (by end of 3rd quarter). 2. Employ 10% quality-control/assurance by random data-checks of database outputs (end of 3rd quarter). 3. Train staff in how to use basic functioning’s of the new database (end of 2nd quarter). 4. Assess repairs vs. replacement of the large boat trailer (first quarter)

6. If the work in this grant was part of a larger activity with other components and funding, present a brief overview of the larger activity and the role of this project. This project was not part of a larger component or funding.

7. Describe how the objectives were met. See attachment 1 for additional requirements. 1. Update survey data (Stationary Point Counts and Belt Transect) from 2011- present (by end of 3rd quarter). Survey data for the Sasanhaya Bay Fish Reserve, Managaha Marine Conservation Area, Bird Island Sanctuary and Tinian Marine Reserve were reviewed and reorganized. Files were separated by survey types (Belt transects and Stationary Point Counts. Digital records of MPA surveys were reviewed and were compared to what was entered in to the newly developed database. Although MPA data was entered into the database, multiple errors were noticed in uploaded data. Additional effort was made in ensuring that the uploaded information was correct.

An analysis of spatial differences between the MPA and reference sites was performed for the Managaha Marine Conservation Area. A temporal analysis was also performed for differences in species abundance, composition, size distribution, and diversity. Results were included in a draft manuscript. The manuscript is still in its drafting process and will hopefully undergo internal review within the following fiscal year.

2. Employ 10% quality-control/assurance by random data-checks of database outputs (end of 3rd quarter). A review of the database outputs was made through the development of query searches for certain MPAs and cross checking with the data sheets. Some query results were correct, while others were not. Effort was made on correcting deficiencies within the database.

3. Train staff in how to use basic functioning’s of the new database (end of 2nd quarter). Tutorial videos were provided to professional staff familiarize themselves with the database. Time was spent reviewing the tutorials and practicing queries within the database. This task was not fully accomplished as more work is needed on improving the database. Effort was focused on correcting information uploaded into the database.

4. Assess repairs vs. replacement of the large boat trailer (first quarter) An assessment on the benefits of replacement over repair of the large boat trailer was made, and an ITB was developed for the procurement of a new trailer. Price quotations were obtained through various local and off island vendors.

Surveys and Inventories: compare approach to that described in project statement

1. Enter new data as it is obtained and perform quality assurance (QA) checks to assure accuracy. QA will be performed by having a fisheries staff biologist double- check species, size and quantity entered into the database. No new data was entered for this project. Effort was made on performing quality assurance on existing data and data which was uploaded into the new database. 2. Analyze spatial (control vs. within-MPA sites) and temporal (interannual) data with respect to species-specific differences in abundance, size, frequency of occurrence, and overall species diversity. This task was performed as proposed. Preliminary charts have been developed these criterions and were sent to peers for review. 3. Produce a draft manuscript in publishable format by using results from analysis and incorporating pertinent literature. The tasks were performed as proposed in the project. The manuscript is still in its drafting phase and will hopefully undergo internal review within the following fiscal year.

4. Obtain quotes on the cost and effectiveness of repairing the large boat trailer vs. purchasing a new one. This task was performed as proposed, but not completed due to excessive costs of procuring the trailer. The grant was amended to extend its granting period and increase costs for the purchase of the trailer.

8. Discuss differences between work anticipated in grant proposal and grant agreement and that actually carried out with Federal Aid grant funds; include differences between expected and actual costs. The procurement of a trailer for the 27’ Boston Whaler was not accomplished as anticipated. Although price estimates for a new trailer were obtained during the second quarter of the fiscal year, funding for the purchase of the new trailer was insufficient. Towards the end of the third quarter, funds were re-allocated towards the purchase of the trailer and other pertinent items. Ultimately, a request to extend and increase costs to the FY15 grant was made in order to meet objective 4 of this project.

9. List any publications or in-house reports resulting from this work. No publications were produced during this fiscal year. A manuscript is being developed for the MMCA, but has yet to be completed.

10. Name, title, phone number, and email address of person compiling this report: Michael C. Tenorio, Fisheries Biologist, Phone: (670) 664-6044 FAX: (670) 664-6056, Email: [email protected]

1. State: Commonwealth of the Northern Mariana Islands (CNMI) Grant Number: F14AF01279 Grant name: Fisheries Research Program Project number and name: Project 4: SELECT SPECIES TAGGING STUDY

2. Report period: 1 October, 2014 to 30 September, 2015 Report due date: December 31, 2015 Report received date: ______

3. Location of work: The Mañagaha Marine Conservation Area, the island of Saipan

4. Costs: Expected: $65,677.24 Estimated: $60,254.25

5. Objectives: 1. Continue acoustic tagging component as approved in FY14 (study continues into FY16): a. Test retention and survival of 10 fish tagged with acoustic and floy tags (Oct- Dec 2014). b. Establish a central and write-protected MySQL database to deposit all data (Oct- Dec 2014). c. Deploy acoustic hydrophones into the field (Oct-Dec 2014). d. Capture, tag, and release 20-30 tagged fish (Jan 2015). e. Conduct tracking of fish within MPA to obtain preliminary data on fish movement via opportunistic manual tracking (quarterly and opportunistically). f. Download, maintain, and redeploy as necessary data loggers/hydrophones to allow for tracking within MMCA during the each quarter (quarterly). 2. Conduct conventional external tag component (study continues into FY16): a. Test retention of elastomer, dart and coded-wire tags of 6 target species of fish (Dec 2014). b. Establish a central and write-protected database to deposit all data (Oct-Dec 2014). c. Develop a tag recovery incentive-based program to increase returns of tagged fish (Nov 2014). d. Capture, tag and release fish (Dec 2015 – Sep 2015). e. Use preliminary tag recovery data from FY15 to address questions on: 1) movement/range by species and size within the lagoon, 2) obtain growth parameters from change in size between tagging/measuring and recapture. 3. Stable isotope marker component (study continues into FY16) a. Collect samples for establishing stable isotope baseline values (δ15N and δ13C) of the Saipan Lagoon, and the MMCA based on the isotopic signatures of fish (6 target species from Obj. 2) and habitat (Oct-Nov 2014, and Apr-May 2015). b. Opportunistically collect samples to examine the stable isotope signatures of the 6 target fish species based on availability from shore-based creel surveys; select

3 species that have consistently small sizes, and 3 species with larger size ranges (Oct-Nov 2014, and Apr-May 2015). c. Process samples for stable isotope analysis (Dec 2014, Jan 2015, & Aug2015). d. Establish a central and write-protected database to deposit all data (Oct-Dec 2014). e. Analyze isotope data with respect to collection location of baseline isotope values to where fish were collected (FY16). 4. Assess repairs vs. replacement of the large boat trailer (first quarter).

6. If the work in this grant was part of a larger activity with other components and funding, present a brief overview of the larger activity and the role of this project. The conventional tagging portion of this project is partnering with a NOAA Cooperative Research Grant Measuring Contributions of a Marine Protected Area (MPA) to Surrounding Coral Reef Fisheries. The NOAA grant is providing tags and other supplies for the work conducted in this section of the project. The ultrasonic and stable isotope portions are not directly related to the NOAA grant.

7. Describe how the objectives were met. See attachment 1 for additional requirements. 1. Continue acoustic tagging component as approved in FY14 (study continues into FY16): a. Test retention and survival of 10 fish tagged with acoustic and floy tags (Oct- Dec 2014). Tag retention and survival were not tested because grant requirements did not allow staff to enter the water to collect fish for tag retention and survival testing. b. Establish a central and write-protected MySQL database to deposit all data (Oct- Dec 2014). It was determined that a separate MySQL database was not needed for this data. Data will be stored in files that are used by specialized acoustic tagging software provided with tagging equipment (WHS 2000). Data will be saved on FRS computers and backed up on an external hard drive. Further manipulations of the data can easily be carried out in Excel. c. Deploy acoustic hydrophones into the field (Oct-Dec 2014).

Deployment of acoustic hydrophones was not completed because grant requirements did not allow staff to enter the water for deployment. Benthic surveys of deployment locations were conducted to document any ESA listed corals in the vicinity. No ESA listed corals were documented at surveyed sites. Supplies (anchors, rigging, hardware, and hydrophones) are ready for deployments. d. Capture, tag, and release 20-30 tagged fish (Jan 2015). Capturing, tagging, and releasing of fish was not completed because grant requirements would not allow staff to enter the water for tagging. e. Conduct tracking of fish within MPA to obtain preliminary data on fish movement via opportunistic manual tracking (quarterly and opportunistically). Tracking was not conducted because no fish were tagged and due to grant requirements staff were not allowed in the water to conduct this work. f. Download, maintain, and redeploy as necessary data loggers/hydrophones to allow for tracking within MMCA during the each quarter (quarterly). Downloading and maintenance was not completed because fish were not tagged and hydrophones were not deployed. Grant requirements prevented this in water work.

2. Conduct conventional external tag component (study continues into FY16): a. Test retention of elastomer, dart and coded-wire tags of 6 target species of fish (Dec 2014). Tag retention was not tested because grant requirements did not allow staff to go into the water to collect fish for tag retention testing. Literature on the subject was reviewed. Elastomers can be have short tag retention times of <6 months. Dart tags can have very poor tag retention in structure oriented fish (coral reef fish). Coded-wire tags can be cost prohibitive because readers are expensive. Most tagging studies use multiple tags to determine study specific tag retention to include in models. b. Establish a central and write-protected database to deposit all data (Oct-Dec 2014). It was determined that a separate MySQL database was not needed for this data. Data will be stored in Excel as current staff are most proficient in its use. Data will be saved on FRS computers and backed up on an external hard drive. c. Develop a tag recovery incentive-based program to increase returns of tagged fish (Nov 2014). A basic tag recovery incentive-based program has been modeled after the DFW Creel Programs interview incentive-based program. It has not been implemented because no fish were tagged. d. Capture, tag and release fish (Dec 2015 – Sep 2015). Capturing, tagging, and releasing of fish was not completed because grant requirements would not allow staff into the water for tagging.

e. Use preliminary tag recovery data from FY15 to address questions on: 1) movement/range by species and size within the lagoon, 2) obtain growth parameters from change in size between tagging/measuring and recapture. This objective was not completed as there was no preliminary tag recovery data because no fish were tagged. Grant requirements restricted work on this project.

3. Stable isotope marker component (study continues into FY16) a. Collect samples for establishing stable isotope baseline values (δ15N and δ13C) of the Saipan Lagoon, and the MMCA based on the isotopic signatures of fish (6 target species from Obj. 2) and habitat (Oct-Nov 2014, and Apr-May 2015). No samples were collected because grant requirements restricted staff from going in the water to collect samples. FRS supervisor with expertise in this area left FRS and this section of this project will not be able to be completed in the future due to this loss in staff. b. Opportunistically collect samples to examine the stable isotope signatures of the 6 target fish species based on availability from shore-based creel surveys; select 3 species that have consistently small sizes, and 3 species with larger size ranges (Oct-Nov 2014, and Apr-May 2015). No samples were collected because grant requirements restricted staff from going in the water to collect samples. FRS supervisor with expertise in this area left FRS and this section of this project will not be able to be completed in the future due to this loss in staff. c. Process samples for stable isotope analysis (Dec 2014, Jan 2015, & Aug2015). No samples were collected because grant requirements restricted staff from going in the water to collect samples. FRS supervisor with expertise in this area left FRS and this section of this project will not be able to be completed in the future due to this loss in staff. d. Establish a central and write-protected database to deposit all data (Oct-Dec 2014). No samples were collected because grant requirements restricted staff from going in the water to collect samples. FRS supervisor with expertise in this area left FRS and this section of this project will not be able to be completed in the future due to this loss in staff. e. Analyze isotope data with respect to collection location of baseline isotope values to where fish were collected (FY16). No samples were collected because grant requirements restricted staff from going in the water to collect samples. FRS supervisor with expertise in this area left FRS and this section of this project will not be able to be completed in the future due to this loss in staff.

4. Assess repairs vs. replacement of the large boat trailer (first quarter). The preliminary assessment resulted in a decision to purchase a new boat trailer. This also resulted in the amendment of the FY15 grant to extend the grant period

and increase costs for the purchase of the trailer and other equipment. An Invitation to Bid was developed to procure the large boat trailer and will be advertised in the first part of FY16 for the trailer replacement.

5. Shift of personnel hours from in-water activities to land-based activities that involve data entry (fishery technicians), data analysis and report writing (supervisor and biologists), and maintenance and organization of the Fisheries Warehouse and all equipment (all personnel). Funds from Administration (Project 1) will be used to cover costs toward the purchase of two new motors, a trailer for the 27’ Boston Whaler, a trailer for the 15’ Boston Whaler and a vehicle for the Creel Survey. Staff time was spent reviewing protocol and plans for this project. There was no previous data collected to be entered. Fisheries warehouse maintenance was conducted. Maintenance of the tagging retention aquarium was continued. Extensive maintenance needs to be conducted to the tagging aquarium after Typhoon Soudelor and the months of no power. Efforts were begun in routing paperwork for procurement of new motors, trailers and vehicles.

Surveys and Inventories: compare approach to that described in project statement. 1. Acoustic tagging component (SFR Funds): a. Test retention and survival of tagged fish by tagging and holding in a 500 gal tank system with biological filtration. Fish will be held for 2-4 weeks. This task was not completed as anticipated due to grant restrictions on in water work. The tagging tank system with biological filtration has been maintained. However, a full cleaning and reseeding of the biological filtration is needed in FY16.

b. Establish a write-protected database for all data associated with the project. Database will use MySQL format with components of fish ID, species, fork length, date and location of tagging and recapture, and continuous temporal measures from the hydrophone receivers. This task was not performed as anticipated. It was determined that tag and location specific data mentioned in the approach will be easier to access and use in Excel c. Deploy 30 hydrophones as a grid system within the Managaha MPA. Anchorage of sensors will be off the bottom using 10cm3 cement blocks on sandy bottom substrate. This task was not performed as proposed because grant requirements did not allow staff to go into the water for deployment. When deployments occur, they will happen in the same grid system with the same anchorage system as mentioned. We anticipate the completion of the section 7 review process for fiscal year 2016, so that in water activities may continue. d. Capture fish by hook-and-line, surround net and fish trap within the Managaha MPA. Each fish (Lethrinus harak) will be measured for size and location/date

captured, and subsequently have an acoustic tag surgically implanted and then released back to the water. Prior to release fish will be placed in an aerated tank for 30 min of observation to reduce stress and assure tag/surgery was accepted. Capturing, tagging, and releasing of fish was not completed because grant requirements would not allow staff into the water for tagging. When captures do take place, fish traps will not be used as they have proved ineffective in the past. Additional techniques of ‘traba’, night-time hand netting, and surround net will be employed in addition to the hook and line method. e. Obtain/download data from acoustic hydrophones by bringing to the surface and downloading onto a computer. Downloading and maintenance was not completed because fish were not tagged and hydrophones were not deployed. Grant requirements prevented this in water work. A field laptop computer must be obtained to complete this objective in the future. The current FRS laptop crashed; it is currently unreliable and without necessary programs to complete this task.

2. Conventional external tagging component (NOAA-funded for equipment/supplies, SFR provides personnel): a. A review of the primary literature on tagging studies of coral reef species of fish showed a range of methods used, with individual studies using a combination of methods to obtain good sample sizes. This included the use of hook-and-line for selective sizes, large surround nets or beach seines and traps (Palmer et al. 2011, Mar Ecol Prog. Ser. 430:87-97; Chapman & Kramer 1999, Mar. Ecol. Prog. Ser. 181:81-96). In the CNMI the main methods for capturing fish are from hook and line and nets, such as the surround and cast nets. In this study we propose the use of large surround nets, hook and line, and attempt the use of traps. Traps have been shown to be effective in capturing reef fish for tagging studies, with >1,000 individuals across multiple species being tagged. However other results indicate this method is not very effective, with Dalzell and Aini (1992, Asian Fish Sci 5:89-102) showing catches of only approximately 1 fish per day of soaking time. The use of trapping and netting methods within the lagoon will be limited to areas over sandy or rubble substrate. The trap used will be a b-type trap approximately 1.5x1.0x1.0m in dimension. Capture methods have been altered from previous approach. Traps will no longer be used. Locally effective methods such as hook and line, surround nets, and night time hand netting will be used. Tag retention was not tested because grant requirements did not allow staff to go into the water to collect fish for tag retention testing. Literature on tag retention was reviewed. Elastomers can be have short tag retention times of <6 months. Dart tags can have very poor tag retention in structure oriented fish (coral reef fish). Coded-wire tags can be cost prohibitive because readers are expensive. Most tagging studies use multiple tags to determine study specific tag retention to include in models.

b. Six target fish species (Orangespine unicornfish - Naso lituratus, Bluebanded surgeonfish - Acanthurus lineatus, Bluebarred parrotfish - Scarus ghobban, Thumbprint emperor – Lethrinus harak, Yellowbrow emperor - L. atkinsoni, dash-

dot goatfish - Parupeneus barberinus) within and outside the Mañagaha Marine Conservation Area. Collection and tagging of fish from four sites within Saipan’s lagoon, with a minimum of 200 fish per species, per location and time period (dry season – January to May; wet season - July to November). Tagging - fish will be identified, measured, and injected with a synchronous alpha-numeric coded wire tag (Mark IV, Northwest Marine Technology), and externally marked with a either a brightly-colored elastomer tag near the eye-lipid layer or an external Floy tag (t-bar tag), both indicating that the fish is carrying the internal coded wire tag. The importance of the combined elastomer and CWT is to allow us to tag a range of fishes that are also frequently caught by both commercial and subsistence fishers and to obtain a measure of tag loss. Capturing, tagging, and releasing of fish was not completed because grant requirements would not allow staff into the water for tagging. A similar approach will be used when grant requirements allow FRS staff back into the water. c. Return-reward of tagged fish. Recovery of tagged fish will rely on fisher and community participation, and our employment of an established return-reward system used in DFW’s creel surveys. The return of a tagged fish and allowing a short interview will be rewarded by a choice Friday, August 28, 2015 14 of a program t-shirt or hat, and given a ticket to apply for a raffle of a bigger-ticket item of a cooler or fishing pole (to be announced at the end of the fiscal year of the project). A basic tag recovery incentive-based program has been modeled after the DFW Creel Programs interview incentive-based program. It has not been implemented because no fish were tagged. d. Establish a write-protected database for all data associated with the project. It was determined that a separate MySQL database was not needed for this data. Data will be stored in Excel as current staff are most proficient in its use. Data will be saved on FRS computers and backed up on an external hard drive e. Tagging will occur during FY15 however recovery of tagged fish is expected to spill well into the following fiscal year (4th quarter FY16). Once the recapture of tagged fish has significantly slowed down, we will begin analysis of data to determine the following: 1) relative movement by species and size, 2) natural growth rate, 3) estimates of population size and mortality by CPUE and recovery of tags, 4) compare results to SIA component and acoustic tagging results to assess similarities in levels of movement by species and size. This objective was not completed as there was no preliminary tag recovery data because no fish were tagged. Grant requirements restricted work on this project, but the approach will remain the same. f. All supplies and materials supplied through NOAA funding will be the property of DFW. No supplies or materials have been purchased though NOAA funding yet, but when they are they will be property of DFW.

3. Stable isotope marker component (SFR Funds): a. Collect samples of fish and fish prey sources (invertebrates and algae) from around the lagoon, and fringing reef of the lagoon following the wet season in November 2014, and the dry season in March 2015. Specific areas of focus will be from the Northern, Central and Southern Lagoon and Managaha MPA that cover the same areas of the conventional tagging study capture areas. No samples were collected because grant requirements restricted staff from going in the water to collect samples. FRS supervisor with expertise in this area left FRS and this section of this project will not be able to be completed in the future due to this loss in staff. b. Process samples by drying and pulverizing within two months of the seasonal collections (February 2015 and June 2015, respectively). Analysis by stable isotope ratio mass spectrometry (IRMS) will occur in FY16. No samples were collected because grant requirements restricted staff from going in the water to collect samples. FRS supervisor with expertise in this area left FRS and this section of this project will not be able to be completed in the future due to this loss in staff. c. Establish a write-protected database for all data associated with the project. No samples were collected because grant requirements restricted staff from going in the water to collect samples. FRS supervisor with expertise in this area left FRS and this section of this project will not be able to be completed in the future due to this loss in staff. d. From SIA results, measure fish residency by comparing the fish’s isotopic signature relative to the isotopic signature of algae and invertebrates from areas within the lagoon receiving nutrients predominantly from human wastewater (subterranean and sewage outfall), agriculture (near outfalls with high agricultural impact), and from fringing reefs with more oceanic sources. The relative proximity of a fish’s isotope signature to the various sources can determine their residency. Residency specifically involves calculations of an individual’s size-specific growth rate and isotopic uptake in tissue using a dilution model. No samples were collected because grant requirements restricted staff from going in the water to collect samples. FRS supervisor with expertise in this area left FRS and this section of this project will not be able to be completed in the future due to this loss in staff.

4. Obtain quotes on the cost and effectiveness of repairing the large boat trailer vs. purchasing a new one. Estimates of the cost effectiveness were obtained. Large boat trailer is in need of replacement. An Invitation to Bid was developed to and will be released in the first part of FY16 for the trailer replacement.

5. The amendment request to this project is the shift of personnel hours from in-water activities to land based activities that involve data entry (fishery technicians), data analysis and report writing (supervisor and biologists), and maintenance and organization of the Fisheries Warehouse and all equipment (all personnel). Funds

from Administration (Project 1) will be used to cover costs toward the purchase of two new motors, a trailer for the 27’ Boston Whaler, a trailer for the 15’ Boston Whaler, and a vehicle for the Creel Survey. Staff time was spent reviewing protocol and plans for this project. There was no previous data collected to be entered. Fisheries warehouse maintenance was conducted. Maintenance of the tagging retention aquarium was continued. Extensive maintenance needs to be conducted to the tagging aquarium after Typhoon Soudelor and the months of no power. Efforts started in the routing of paperwork for the procurement of new motors, trailers and vehicles.

8. Discuss differences between work anticipated in grant proposal and grant agreement, and that actually carried out with Federal Aid grant funds; include differences between expected and actual costs. Staff time was initially spent reviewing protocol and plans for this project as most of the field components could not be completed due to grant restrictions. At the end of the fiscal year the office was met with several hardships caused by Typhoons. Office time was spent recovering from typhoon damage. Most of the funds spent on this project were spent towards preparing tagging retention study equipment and maintaining tagging aquarium. This project had a surplus because not all aspects were completed. It is still the desire of FRS staff to complete this project in the following year; however, several aspects including stable isotopes will be dropped from the project due to lack of knowledgeable staff.

9. List any publications or in-house reports resulting from this work. None.

10. Name, title, phone number, and email address of person compiling this report: William Dunn, Fisheries Biologist II, Phone: (670) 664-6044, Fax: (670) 664-6056, Email: [email protected].

1. State: Commonwealth of the Northern Mariana Islands (CNMI) Grant Number: F14AF01279 Grant name: Fisheries Research Program Project number and name: Project 5: EVALUATION OF MANAGEMENT MEASURES 2. Report period: 1 October, 2014 to 30 September, 2015 Report due date: December 31, 2015 Report received date: ______3. Location of work: CNMI-wide 4. Costs: Expected: $24,357.33 Estimated: $20,742.05 5. Objectives: 1. Analyze data collected from southern lagoon surveys up to FY2012 (Oct-Dec 2014)

2. From the analysis, results and literature review, produce a draft manuscript for publication in a peer-reviewed journal (Jan-Mar 2015).

3. Submittal of draft manuscript to journal (Jul 2015)

4. Provide maintenance and upkeep of boat and associated equipment as needed.

7. Describe how the objectives were met. See attachment 1 for additional requirements. 1. Analyze data collected from southern lagoon surveys up to FY2012 (Oct-Dec 2014) Data collected during FY2012 had previously been analyzed and included in a manuscript comparing lagoon surveys over time. Some data collected in the 2nd quarter was not included in the analysis because it did not match the time frame of 2004 and 2007 data that it was being compared too.

2. From the analysis, results and literature review, produce a draft manuscript for publication in a peer-reviewed journal (Jan-Mar 2015). Data collected during FY2012 had previously been analyzed and included in a manuscript comparing lagoon surveys over time.

3. Submittal of draft manuscript to journal (Jul 2015)

A manuscript was submitted to Fisheries Research in August but the focus and slant were outside of the scope of the journal. A revamped manuscript was then submitted to Fisheries Management and Ecology at the end of the grant period and FRS is waiting for it to be reviewed.

4. Provide maintenance and upkeep of boat and associated equipment as needed. Maintenance and upkeep of boat and associated equipment was performed throughout the year on an as needed basis. New trailers are required for the 27’ and 15’ Boston Whalers. New engines are also needed for the 27’ Whaler.

Surveys and Inventories: compare approach to that described in project statement

1. Analyze data with respect to species type, size and abundance by habitat type and year. Assess interannual variation relative to other data sources such as DFW’s Inshore Creel Survey. Data has previously analyzed with respect to species type, size, and abundance by habitat type. Interannual variation relative to the inshore creel survey was assessed.

2. Report results from analyses using a scientific manuscript format, including literature review and incorporating results in terms of the primary literature. A manuscript was produced and has been submitted to journals for review.

3. Assess facilities and equipment, prioritize and repair equipment or replace as needed. Flooring in the warehouse, boat trailers, and engines for the 27’ Whaler have been prioritized to repair and replace. This was an amended approach, which will be completed in FY16.

4. Funds from Administration (Project 1) will be used to cover costs toward the purchase of two new motors, a trailer for the 27’ Boston Whaler, a trailer for the 15’ Boston Whaler, and a vehicle for the Creel Survey. This was an amended approach, which will be completed in FY16.

Analyses were completed and a manuscript was sent for review from journals. More analyses could be completed with respect comparing data to other data sets including the DFW creel program. Due to the hardships faced by DFW this FY only these further analyses were not pursued. This allowed for a budget surplus in this project.

9. List any publications or in-house reports resulting from this work. Trianni, M. S., M. C. Tenorio, S. C. McKagan, W.O. Dunn, T. W. Miller. 2015. Evaluation of fishery resource response to net-use restrictions in Saipan Lagoon,

Commonwealth of the Northern Mariana Islands. Fisheries Management and Ecology (in review).

10. Name, title, phone number, and email address of person compiling this report: William Dunn, Fisheries Biologist II, Phone: (670) 664-6044 Fax: (670) 664-6056, Email: [email protected].

1. State: Commonwealth of the Northern Mariana Islands (CNMI) Grant Number: F14AF01279 Grant name: Fisheries Research Program Project number and name: Project 6: COMPREHENSIVE INSHORE CREEL SURVEY 2. Report period: 1 October, 2012 to 30 September, 2013 Report due date: December 31, 2013 Report received date: ______3. Location of work: Saipan, Tinian, Rota, CNMI 4. Costs: Expected: $134,873.32 Estimated: $118,347.65 5. Objectives: 1. Collect and analyze fisheries-dependent data from the near-shore (<100-ft contour) coral reef fisheries of the Saipan Western Lagoon, Tinian, and Rota throughout the year. 2. Maintain and enhance current fishermen incentive program to further increase participation and understanding of the creel survey program. 3. Assist existing non-SFR creel surveys on the islands of Tinian and Rota. 4. Collect catch, CPUE and species composition information from various fishing tournaments on Saipan, Tinian and Rota. 5. Collect catch, CPUE and species composition information from opportunistic fishing activities in the CNMI such as exemption fishing activities and Northern Island fishing trips. 6. Summarize results in the Division of Fish and Wildlife Fisheries Research Section’s Annual Report detailing data analysis methodologies and conclusions during the fourth quarter.

6. If the work in this grant was part of a larger activity with other components and funding, present a brief overview of the larger activity and the role of this project. The Fisheries Data Section (FDS) works in collaboration with the National Marine Fisheries Service (NMFS) – Western Pacific Fisheries Information Network (WPacFIN), which provides technical support and funding of the Boat-Based Creel Survey (BBCS) and the Commercial Purchase Invoice System (CPIS), partial supervisor salary, and two technician salaries. This partnership provides the FDS with some funding and technical support to allow data collection and analysis to continue while meeting DFW goals and objectives.

The Shore-Based Creel Survey (SBCS) was developed to address the need to collect information on nearshore fisheries, which provides crucial information on fishing effort within the lagoon and fringing reef. The information collected from this program

coupled with other fishery dependent information provides for better resource management considerations.

Additional creel survey projects were initiated on Tinian and Rota, funded by the Western Pacific Regional Fisheries Management Council and by NOAA – Pacific Island Regional Office respectively. These creel projects will fill data gaps and provide a better CNMI-wide estimate of fish landings.

7. Describe how the objectives were met. See attachment 1 for additional requirements. 1. Collect and analyze fisheries-dependent data from the near-shore (<100-ft contour) coral reef fisheries of the Saipan Western Lagoon throughout the year. Using established sampling protocols the FDS continues to collect, enter, and analyze fishery information throughout the year. A survey schedule was developed in collaboration with WPacFIN and is being implemented by FDS creel staff. At least 15 surveys per month are being done to estimate fishing pressure and CPUE within the western lagoon of Saipan. Approximately 3-6 surveys per month are being conducted on the eastern shores (Laolao Bay to Coral Ocean Point Beach). The information collected is stored within the DFW FDS database and analyses are conducted annually.

2. Maintain and enhance current fishermen incentive program to further increase participation and understanding of the creel survey program. Positive interactions with fishermen are increasing due to an incentive/outreach effort on Saipan. Raffle tickets are handed out to interviewed fishermen along with “iFish responsibly” coolies, stickers and hooks (when available). Raffle prizes are gift certificates for the local tackle shop. These items have been received very well and are commonly requested for by the community. The FDS creel program is explained to fishermen after the interview process and when time allows.

3. Assist existing non-SFR creel surveys on the islands of Tinian and Rota. The CNMI FDS is currently a partner in three fishery dependent survey programs, which captures fishery information from Tinian and Rota. The Rota Creel pilot Program and the Tinian Creel pilot project are existing projects in collaboration with NOAA. The Tinian Creel pilot project was funded by WPRFMC, and is in its final phases. While the Rota Creel pilot project is funded through a NOAA CRCP program. Creel personnel were identified and trained to conduct surveys on all islands independently. An additional project was implemented on Saipan to target pulse fisheries (MRIP). All programs assist the FDS by providing supplemental information for the islands of Tinian and Rota. Assistance was provided through species identification training, evaluating survey protocols and data analyses. Consultation with survey staff was provided quarterly.

4. Collect catch, CPUE and species composition information from various fishing tournaments on Saipan, Tinian and Rota.

FDS participated in four tournaments for fiscal year 2015. Information was collected during the following fishing tournaments listed below:  San Francisco De Borja Fiesta, Rota Troll and Spearfishing derby on October 2014  The Saipan MAHI derby, April, 2015  DPS Lagoon fishing derby, June 2015  The 31st Saipan International Fishing Derby, On July 2015

5. Collect catch, CPUE and species composition information from opportunistic fishing activities in the CNMI such as exemption fishing activities and Northern Island fishing trips. FDS was not able to collect information from Northern Islands fishing trips, due to communication issues with vessels returning from trips. Return schedules often differ from float plans, which made it difficult to intercept fishermen. FDS was able to collect information from exemption fishing activities.

6. Summarize results in the Division of Fish and Wildlife Fisheries Research Section’s Annual Report detailing data analysis methodologies and conclusions during the fourth quarter. A brief summary of inshore creel activities were included in the 2014 CNMI Island report. Discussions have been held with collaborators on the results from the 2014 survey. Data summaries for 2014 are currently being developed for review and incorporation into the Island report. The FRS is currently working with the WPRFMC on revising the technical reports to reflect national and state interests.

Surveys and Inventories: compare approach to that described in project statement (approach).

1. Fund the Inshore Creel Program including part of Data Manager’s salary, Inshore Creel Biologist, and Data Technician salaries and operational costs. Continue to use established or enhanced creel survey protocols to conduct participation counts and fisherman interviews to obtain data on levels of fishing effort, catch size frequency, species composition, and catch per unit effort of the near-shore coral reef fisheries. Sampling will be conducted randomly each month over the year according to a sampling schedule developed by DFW. Maintain and improve data base management through collaboration with WPacFIN staff. Copies of data collected will be provided to the WPacFIN office for inclusion in the central database archives on established quarterly schedules. Related system support files such as code files will also be submitted quarterly. Tasks were performed as described in the project approach. Creels were performed as scheduled. Collaboration continues with WPacFIN program managers to improve the CNMI data collection programs. Meetings are held bi- annually to discuss program progress and needed improvements. The FDS lost two creel positions during the first half the fiscal year. However, effort was made to perform surveys as prescribed.

2. Purchase tank tops, t-shirts, tide booklets, hooks, sinkers, or stickers. These items will be provided to fishermen participating in the survey and will encourage others to participate. Frequency of giveaways will be based on small higher-frequency items (4-5x a week, e.g. tide booklets, hooks, sinkers, or stickers), and lower- frequency (2x a week) random giveaways of larger items (t-shirts). ‘Donor fatigue’ or increased expectations is not anticipated based on the fact that the effort/time involved in recipient participation and the overall impact to their catch is minimal. Moreover, the number of giveaways is relatively small compared to total people surveyed. Gift certificates, “iFish responsibly” coolies, stickers and hooks (when available) were purchased for this approach. Gift certificates were for $20 to 50$ items at the local tackle shop on Saipan. Giveaways were provided to fishermen who were able to participate in an interview. While gift certificates were raffled every two months. 3. Staff will be regularly trained on the identification of fish through in-office lectures/presentations and through field (vendor catch and in-water) observations; this training will be covered under SFR and will only involve 2% of the total time per individual. Two fish identification trainings were held in the FDS office for fiscal year 2015. Additional training was provided to the WPRFMC MRIP creel staff member, who was tasked with capturing seasonal fisheries. 4. Assist non-SFR funded creel projects on Tinian and Rota. Saipan staff will participate in data collection/entry, analysis and report generation (collectively ~9% of the total time of the project). Saipan staff will travel to Tinian and Rota to assist in these functions as needed, however it will not exceed 10% of their total allocated time to SFR. Task was performed as proposed in this approach. 5. Support local fishing associations in the data collection and management during the various fishing tournaments on Saipan, Tinian and Rota. Data collected will include length, weight and species information. Additional information relating to CPUE and FAD use will also be collected. Data collection on Tinian and Rota will require travel for 2-3 staff for at least 3-4 days. The various tournaments include the Saipan International Fishing Tournament (2 days-July), Mahi Fishing Derby (1 day-March), Wahoo Derby (1 day-November), Rota International Fishing Tournament (2 days-October) and the Tinian Bottomfish tournament (1 day- May). Some of the less frequent tournaments will be sampled as needed. Total staff assigned to assist in these tournaments will not exceed 10% of their total allocated time to SFR. Tasks were performed as proposed in this approach. However, FDS was not able to participate in all fishing tournaments in the CNMI. 6. Monitor fish catch during exempted fishing activities approved by the Secretary of DLNR. Collect catch data from fishing trips to the Northern Islands. Tasks were performed as proposed in this approach. However, FDS was not able to monitor in all fishing exemptions in the CNMI.

7. Perform in-house training sessions for Fisheries Data staff on sampling methods and fish identification. These trainings will consist of power point presentations and reading through reference materials. Field observations, including fish vendor visits and in-water observations will also be required. Technicians will learn fish species by sorting through fish at the markets and by observing them in-situ via snorkeling. The purchase of reference materials, audio/visual equipment and snorkel gear will be required. Two fish identification trainings were held in the FDS office for fiscal year 2015. Additional training was provided to the WPRFMC MRIP creel staff member, who was tasked with capturing seasonal fisheries. Some survey materials and equipment were purchase for this approach. 8. Work with WPacFIN and reference previous reports to produce summary of activities and data collected. Task was performed as proposed in this approach.

8. Discuss differences between work anticipated in grant proposal and grant agreement, and that actually carried out with Federal Aid grant funds; include differences between expected and actual costs. No significant difference in work performed with the Shore-Based Creel Survey. All tasks were performed as anticipated in the project proposal. Assistance was provided to existing FDS fishery data collection programs. Although a significant portion if the FDS technical staff positions were vacated in this fiscal year, surveys were performed to the best of our abilities. Recruitment of replacement personnel has been initiated and new personnel should be onboard by the end of the first quarter of fiscal year 2016.

9. List any publications or in-house reports resulting from this work. Macduff, S.M (in prep) “2014 CNMI Archipelagic Fishery Annual Report.” A report for the Western Pacific Regional Fishery Management Council.

10. Name, title, phone number, and email address of person compiling this report: Michael C. Tenorio, Fisheries Biologist II, Phone: (670) 664-6044, Fax: (670) 664- 6056, Email: [email protected]

1. State: Commonwealth of the Northern Mariana Islands (CNMI) Grant number: F14AF01279 Grant name: CNMI Fisheries Research Program Project number and name: Project 7: Fish Life History Evaluation 2. Report period: 1 October, 2014 to 30 September, 2015 Report due date: December 29, 2015 Report received date: ______3. Location of work: Saipan 4. Costs: Expected: $67,415.17 Estimated: $66,455.59 Sources and amounts of Federal Aid funds in this grant: 100% SFRA Grant 5. Objectives: 1. Obtain life history parameters by opportunistically collecting specimens as they are seen from the Napoleon wrasse, Cheilinus undulatus, especially those in larger size classes greater than 40cm. Data collected will include sex, reproductive status, age (from otoliths), and size, from which population sex ratios, age at maturity and growth rate can be obtained. –CHANGE

2. Obtain samples of all targeted life history species from as many other islands as possible including the Northern Islands. – CHANGE

3. Establish a write-protected database for permanency, consistency and accessibility for fisheries management. Continually update and enter data as collected (Jan 2015). – CHANGE

5. Analyze historical data from the family Myripristidae (Jan 2015).

6. Submit a publishable manuscript analyzing previously collected life history data from A. lineatus and N. literatus (Mar 2015).

7. Assess repairs vs. replacement of the large boat trailer (first quarter).

6. If the work in this grant was part of a larger undertaking with other components and funding, present a brief overview of the larger activity and role of this project. This project was not part of a larger activity supported through alternative funding. 7. Describe how objectives were met. See attachment 1 for additional requirements 1. Obtain life history parameters by opportunistically collecting specimens as they are seen from the Napoleon wrasse, Cheilinus undulatus, especially those in larger size classes greater than 40cm. Data collected will include sex, reproductive status, age (from otoliths), and size, from which population sex ratios, age at maturity and growth rate can be obtained. –CHANGE Samples were not collected for Cheilinus undulatus because grant restrictions prevented FRS staff from conducting in water work. Local partners (MES) did not provide any samples of this species.

2. Obtain samples of all targeted life history species from as many other islands as possible including the Northern Islands. – CHANGE Samples were not collected from other islands. Grant restrictions prevented in water work. Also FRS was not able to participate in trips to other islands.

3. Establish a write-protected database for permanency, consistency and accessibility for fisheries management. Continually update and enter data as collected (Jan 2015). – CHANGE Data is stored in databases by species and organized in folders. The databases are available on the FRS server and the data is backed up on an external hard drive. Data was entered as collected, but minimal data was collected due to grant restrictions of in water work.

4. Store and prepare otoliths for shipment to otolith processing and reading facility. Secure a contract with Tropical Fish Ageing, Australia for age determination of previously collected samples (Dec 2014). – CHANGE Otoliths were stored and prepared for shipment. A contract was procured with an on-island vendor (Micronesian Environmental Services) to contract Tropical Fish Ageing for age determination. Naso lituratus otolith samples from the 2014 Northern Islands cruise were shipped to Tropical Fish Ageing for preparation and ageing on June 13th. Due to funding limitations only 128 samples were able to be prepared and read. There is a backlog of otoliths from previous work and the 2014 Northern Islands cruise. More funding is needed for this work. Results and prepared otoliths were returned on Aug 29th to FRS.

5. Analyze historical data from the family Myripristidae (Jan 2015). Previous analyzation work has been completed on this data set. New analysis was initiated by the Fisheries Supervisor but was not completed. The next step is to prepare a report/manuscript using existing analyzation.

6. Submit a publishable manuscript analyzing previously collected life history data from A. lineatus and N. literatus (Mar 2015). Data from these life history sources is still in need of additional samples due to truncated sample lengths and analyzation. Ages for Naso lituratus were obtained from a portion of 2014 Northern Islands cruise. This data will pair well with historical data and can be used to complete a better report/manuscript. There are still otolith samples to be prepared and analyzed before this process can be continued.

7. Assess repairs vs. replacement of the large boat trailer (first quarter). Large boat trailer is in need of replacement. An Invitation to Bid was developed to and will be released in the first part of FY16 for the trailer replacement.

8. Obtain life history parameters by collecting at least 45 specimens of Cheilinus trilobatus and Scarus ghobban every month throughout the year. Data collected will include sex, reproductive status, age (from otoliths), and size, from which population sex ratios, age at maturity and growth rate can be obtained. FRS staff did not collect any samples of these fish due to grant restrictions preventing in water work. FRS worked with MES to obtain some samples from local markets. Samples of C. trilobatus (97) and S. ghobban (148) were provided by MES for DFW to process. Numbers were limited by market availability. All fish were processed for length, weight, gonad weight, reproductive status, and otolith samples. Further analysis will provide size at maturity and sex ratio. Data was added to existing databases.

Research projects: compare approach to that described in project statement 1. Examine recent data from commercial spearfishing catch as a proxy for most commonly recreationally fished fish so that fish most important to fisherman are targeted for life history samples. Approach was similar as described.

2. Purchase fish from vendors, work with a non-governmental organization (NGO, Micronesian Environmental Services, Saipan, Contractor for NOAA PIFSC to collected and analyze fish life histories), and utilize traditional sampling methods such as hook and line and spearfishing to collect samples for life history information. The NGO and DFW will work together to obtain the broadest and fullest size range of reef species for life history evaluation. To do this, the NGO will purchase fish and provide DFW with target species whereas DFW will provide fish to the NGO for covering their project with NOAA. In working together both groups benefit, in addition to the exchange of information on life history evaluations such as length-weight relationships and maturity. Fishing methods would involve the use of spear guns and slings for reef fishes (<10m depth) and hook and line for bottom fishes (>100m depth). FRS staff did not conduct field sampling due to grant restrictions preventing in water work. MES was still able to provide some samples to DFW through MES’s market sampling. No bottomfish were purchased from vendors.

3. Focus on specific methods that may allow for samples of larger Cheilinus undulatus including but not limited to purchase fish from vendors, work with non- governmental entities, and utilize traditional sampling methods such as hook and line, surround net, and spearfishing to collect samples for life history information. Collect samples from all areas of the CNMI opportunistically. Process fish as they are collected. FRS staff did not conduct field sampling due to grant restrictions preventing in water work. No C. undulatus samples were able to be obtained through other sources.

4. Participate in any available trips to other islands in the CNMI, including the NOAA PIFSC Oscar Sette (Chief Scientist, Dr. Donald Kobayashi, NOAA PIFSC) from Saipan to the Northern Island from mid-June to early July, 2015, and a DFW wildlife cruise to Guguan Island. Collect samples of all current and past life history target species to serve as a comparison for Saipan. Samples were not collected from other islands. Grant restrictions prevented in water work. Also FRS was not able to participate in trips to other islands.

5. A write-protected database (format and structure to be determined) will be established and regularly maintained. The database will consist of all measured parameters associated with each fish collected. Hardcopy data will be archived and stored in a secure manner. Approach was similar as described.

6. Otoliths will be labeled and stored in the FRS fish lab. A contract for processing of otoliths with Tropical Fish Ageing, Australia (Dr. Dong C. Lou, TFA, PO Box 290, Aitkenvale Qld 4814, Australia, www.tropicalfishaging.com.au) will be pursued and all available otoliths will be sent to be processed. A contract was procured with an on-island vendor (Micronesian Environmental Services) to contract Tropical Fish Ageing for age determination due to procurement restrictions. Naso lituratus otolith samples from the 2014 Northern Islands cruise were shipped to Tropical Fish Ageing for preparation and ageing on June 13th. Due to funding limitations only 128 samples were able to be prepared and read. There is a backlog of otoliths from previous work and the 2014 Northern Islands cruise. More funding is needed for this work. Results and prepared otoliths were returned on Aug 29th to FRS.

7. Write up results for publication in a peer-reviewed journal on life history dynamics of Acanthurus lineatus, and Naso literatus. Data from these life history sources is still in need of additional samples due to truncated sample lengths and analyzation. Ages for Naso lituratus were obtained from a portion of 2014 Northern Islands cruise. This data will pair well with historical data and can be used to complete a better report/manuscript. There are

still otolith samples to be prepared and analyzed before this process can be continued.

8. Obtain quotes on the cost and effectiveness of repairing the large boat trailer vs. purchasing a new one. Approach was similar as described.

9. The amendment request to this project is the shift of personnel hours from in- water activities to land-based activities that involve data entry (fishery technicians), data analysis and report writing (supervisor and biologists), maintenance and organization (all personnel). Work was completed on many land-based activities including typhoon clean-up, reviewing otolith data, data analysis, minimal data entry, maintenance and organization.

8. Discuss differences between work anticipated in grant proposal and grant agreement, and that actually carried out with Federal Aid grant funds; include differences between expected and actual costs. The life history project has become one of the most successful undertaken by the DFW FRS. The acquisition of life history data has become a significant need for resource management as many management entities gravitate towards an ‘ecosystem approach’ to data management. The FRS has taken a proactive approach to the development and expansion of this project through supporting the establishment of other NOAA funded fishery dependent monitoring programs. Time allotment was different than expected as the grant restrictions prevented in water work. Also maintenance and repair from typhoon damage, as well as routing of paper work for otolith processing took considerable time.

9. List any publications or in-house reports resulting from this work. Manuscripts involving historical data from this project are being developed.

10. Name, title, phone number, and email address of person compiling this report: William Dunn, Fisheries Biologist II, Phone 664-6044 FAX: 670-664-6056 Email: [email protected]

1. State: Commonwealth of the Northern Mariana Islands (CNMI) Grant Number: F14AF01279 Grant name: CNMI Fisheries Research Program Project number and name: Project 8: TECHNICAL GUIDANCE 2. Report period: 1 October, 2014 to 30 September, 2015 Report due date: December 31, 2015 Report received date: ______3. Location of work: Saipan, Tinian, Aguijan, Rota 4. Costs: Expected: $43,454.37 Estimated: $41,587.07 5. Objectives: 1. Provide expertise, field assistance, and guidance on an as-needed basis, as required by Public Law 2-51.

6. If the work in this grant was part of a larger activity with other components and funding, present a brief overview of the larger activity and the role of this project. None.

7. Describe how the objectives were met. See attachment 1 for additional requirements.

REPORT OF THE FISHERIES BIOLOGIST: MICHAEL C. TENORIO

Participated in the following conferences/meetings/workshops:  Attended and participated in the CNMI State Wildlife Action Plan scoping meetings. Provided information on the CNMI’s fishery issues and made suggestions on species of concern.  Participated in a teleconference with NOAA-PIRO Protected Resources Division regarding the coral listings. Provided information on the historical stranding’s recorded in the CNMI. February 5th, 2015.  Attended and participate in the USFWS Federal Aid Coordinators Conference, on October 20th through the 23rd, 2014 in Seattle. Provided information on Division programs and program issues in the Division.  Attended the Western Pacific Regional Fishery Management Council, Marianas Archipelago Fishery Ecosystem Plan Team meeting, on April 13th through the 17th, 2015 in Hawaii. Provided information on fishery issues in the CNMI and Fisheries programs.  Participated in a public scoping meeting on the State Wildlife Action Plan for the CNMI.  Participated in school presentation for public and private schools. Provided information on the FRS program and MPA’s.

Surveys:  Assisted in a NOAA Pacific Islands Fisheries Science Center and CNMI Division of Fish and Wildlife collaborative fishery survey of the Northern Mariana Islands. Assisted in field sampling and lab processing efforts. June 19th – July 15th 2014.  Assisted in the Biological evaluation on fisheries projects for ESA listed coral species. Conducted presence/absence surveys in proposed activity sites.  Conducted an assessment of the Stingray holding facility. Provided a summary assessment report to the Director.  Assisted in the collection of information from the grounded vessel (Lady Carolina). Made observation of surrounding substrate and provided assistance to coastguard personnel.

Provided comments on the following:  Provided comments on the draft State Wildlife Action Plan for the CNMI.  Provided comments on a fish species list with high mercury concentrations for the WIC program.  Provided comments in the draft Paul Russ vessel grounding report.  Provided comments on a draft summary report on the grounded vessel (Lady Carolina).  Provided comments on WPRFMC five year plan. Provided information on potential projects for the CNMI.  Provided comments on the damage assessment report for the Seatouch facility.  Provided biological information and comments on the following permit requests:

1. Provided comments on an importation permit request. January 13th, 2015. 2. Provided comments on an importation permit request for lobsters. January 20th, 2015. 3. Provided comments on a marine mammal research permit request. Allan D. Ligon, Contractor for NOAA PIRO Marine Mammal Research. Reviewed collection permit request. January 15th, 2015. 4. Provided comments on a collection permit request. David Foster, Seatouch Inc., January 22nd, 2015. 5. Provided comments on a Turtle research permit request. Tammy May Summers, principle investigator, February 26th, 2015. 6. Provided comments on an importation permit request by NMC CREES. Michael Ogo, Program Manager, NMC. March 26th, 2015. 7. Provided comments on research permit applications by NOAA PIFSC scientists. April 20th, 2015. 8. Provided comments on a proposed marine activity within the Saipan lagoon. Greg Church, Coordinating Officer, September 21st, 2015.

Provided comments on the following Legislation/Directives:  Provided comments on review of the “Northern Mariana Islands Administrative Code, Title 85, Chapter 85-30, Subchapter 85-30.5, Commercial Fishing Recording and Reporting Regulations”. Provided comments on fishery issues.

 Provided comments on House Bill 19-013. “To amend 2 CMC § 5631 to authorize 1.5 inch net mesh to catch Bigeye Scad (Atulai) during seasonal run in the Third Senatorial District” February, 2015.  Provided comments on House Bill 19-032. “To establish laws to regulate bioprospecting activities within the Commonwealth of the Northern Mariana Islands in order to ensure prior, informed consent and equitable sharing benefits”. March, 2015.  Provided comments on House Bill 19-105. “To add a new chapter 9 to Division 3 of Title 2 of the Commonwealth Code to authorize the Department of Lands and Natural Resources to develop a system for the assessment of fees on non-residents visiting Marine Protected Areas in order to better invest in the Marine Resources of the Commonwealth; and for other purposes. October, 2015.

Reports:  Assisted in the development of an incident report for the Sea Touch holding facility. Provided information on damage to the site and animal loss.  Contributed in a joint damage assessment report on the results from the Paul Russ vessel grounding within the Saipan lagoon.  Assisted in the development of a Biological Assessment report for the fisheries research program.  Assisted in the drafting a transitional report for the Director. Provided progress updates for the fisheries program.  Assisted in the development of an island report for the Director to present in the WPRFMC meeting.  Assisted in the drafting of a USFWS section 7 report on listed coral species for the fisheries and boating access programs.

REPORT OF FISHERIES BIOLOGIST I: FRANCISCO C. VILLAGOMEZ

Participated in the following meetings:  Met with Allan Ligon regarding whale surveys  Met with Zen Tomokane regarding sustainable food fish  Met with Matt Crane from NMC regarding Life History  Met with WPRFMC staff regarding Commercial Purchase Regulations  Participated in the Marine Planning and Climate Change Committee (MPCCC) Conference Call  Attended NOAA Grants Writing Workshop  Participated in Paul Russ Conference Calls  Participated in Coral Listing conference call  Participated in conference call with Erik Franklin

Participated in the following inter-agency meetings:  At the Bureau of Environmental and Coastal Quality regarding the Garapan CAP and Climate Change Action Plan

 With FRS staff, BECQ staff, and Paul Russ representatives regarding Paul Russ Survey Report  With Dana Okano regarding CRI Proposals  With DFW Director regarding CNMI Joint Military Training EIS document  With State Wildlife Grant Coordinator regarding marine habitats  With DFW Director and BECQ staff regarding Coral 4d Rule  With DFW Director to discuss CJMT Organization Chart

Regarding Permitting:  Review Sea Touch Permit  Worked on conditions letter for Sea Touch  Made follow ups on Paul Russ Grounding Permits and drafted memo

Review and Provided comments on the following:  Cetacean Report  CNMI Island Report  Coral 4d Rule letter  Draft Environmental Impact Statement  Marine Planning and Climate Change Committee Draft Policy  SPT reporting (Data and technology)  Proposed Rule on Green Sea turtle ESA  CRI Proposal  Hiyok Section 7 Letter  Hiyok Presentation  FIS NOP Proposal

Miscellaneous:  Participated at the Northern Marianas College Natural Resource Management Program’s Career Panel  Worked on climate information for the MPCCC  Identified sites for oxygen sensors  Assisted in CRI Internship Interviews and selection of interns  Participated at COOP Appreciation meeting  Made contact with Erik Franklin from the University of Hawaii  Searched for information on ciguatera for public information  Participated in Paul Russ Surveys  Input Paul Russ data  Contacted WPRFMC regarding the Pelagic Plan Team meeting

REPORT OF FISHERIES BIOLOGIST I: WILLIAM O. DUNN III

Conferences, meetings, and workshops:  Participated in a meeting about Coral Reef Initiative funding

 Meetings with John Gourley (Micronesian Environmental Services) regarding current fisheries issues.  Provided life history information to MES  Participated in Western Pacific Regional Fisheries Management Council (WPRFMC) Archipelagic Plan Team meeting in Hawaii  Participated in WPRFMC plan team conference call  Met with WPRFMC about local fisheries issues  Provided Fisheries information to John Q. Public  Met about Wildlife Action Plan with Jill  Met with Ryan Okano about DFW-NOAA dive reciprocity  Meeting with CRI about grant comments  Meeting with Kimberly and Mike Quak  Meeting with Matt Crane (NMC) about life history species for his work  Attended Toby’s WPacfin presentation about Creel Survey  Meeting with PSS coop intern program  Participated in ESA coral conference call with Lance Smith NOAA  Meeting with Megan Jungwiwattanaporn (BECQ) on Federal consistency  DFW meeting about ESA coral 4D rule  Meeting with Alan Ligon and staff about whale research in CNMI  Meeting about Wildlife Action Plan and how to comment on process  Meeting about Size Matter campaign  Participated in career panel for NMC students  Meetings with John Gourley (MES) regarding NOAA biosampling program  Met with Maloy (WPRMC) about upcoming WPRMC projects  Attended Asia Pacific Academy of Science, Education and Environmental Management Symposium  Met with SeaTouch about sharks  Assisted with WPRFMC summer institute  Participated in CNMI Dive safety board meetings  Attended NOAA Coral Reef Conservation Program future project summary meeting

Presentations:  Review Hiyok die off presentation  Gave fisheries talk to students that came to tour office and warehouse

Provided comments on the following:  Numerous public phone questions regarding fisheries issues in the CNMI  Wildlife Action Plan  Aquatic Outreach goals

 CRI grant comments  Reviewed NOAA grant proposal  Reviewed Turtle Research proposal  Reviewed 4D rule for coral listing  4D rule for coral listing in CNMI  Reviewed Marine Habitat Chapter Scope of Work  Reviewed NOAA whale survey report  Military EIS  Other Military buildup documents  Shark and ray holding facility, operation location, and animal health  NOAA biosampling report  WPRFMC CNMI Island Report  Provided Tide Chart information to the public  Followed up on WPRFMC trip and data  Potential fisheries management regulations  WPRFMC ACLs and related data  Additional grant opportunities  WPRFMC Marianas Archipelagic fishery report  Responded to public request for locations of bottom fishing spots  CRCP potential projects  Length at maturity campaign information  Provided biological information and comments on permit requests:

1. Mark Baldyga and Troy Williams, SeaTouch, Request to collect sharks and rays for captive show animals. January 22, 2015. 2. Richard Shaul, Seabyte, President, Request for Scientific Research License. February 11, 2015. 3. Todd Miller, Northern Marinas College, Adjunct Professor, Request for Scientific Research License. February 20, 2015. 4. Allan D. Ligon and Marine Hill, NOAA, Request for Scientific Research License. February 20, 2015.

Reports:  Assisted in preparing for WPRFMC, DFW Island Report  Assisted in preparing DFW Fisheries Research Section updated report for WPRFMC meetings.  Hiyok die off survey report  Paul Russ grounding fish graphs 45

 Viking Spirit Survey report  Release of Himatura ray by Seatouch

Miscellaneous:  Worked on previous years Technical Guidance Report  Provided guidance at Rota spearfishing and trolling derby  Coordinated WPRFMC plan team schedule  Assisted with MES Biosampling Program and fish identification  Computer logistics and repair  Reviewed current fisheries literature and news  Reviewed Hawaii fishing regulations  Worked on WPRFMC travel plans  Surveyed SeaTouch storm damage  Guided submarine tour for Summer camp in Tanapag Lagoon  Calculated area of proposed float hotel room  Surveyed Viking Spirit anchorage  Reviewed new ESA listings

8. Discuss differences between work anticipated in grant proposal and grant agreement, and that actually carried out with Federal Aid grant funds; include differences between expected and actual costs. There was no difference between work anticipated in the grant proposal and agreement, and the tasks carried out under this project.

9. List any publications or in-house reports resulting from this work.

10. Name, title, phone number, and email address of person(s) compiling this report: Michael C. Tenorio, Fisheries Biologist, Phone: (670) 664-6044, Fax: (670) 664-6056 Email: [email protected].

William O. Dunn III, Fisheries Biologist II, Phone: (670) 664-6044, Fax: (670) 664-6056, Email: [email protected].

Francisco C. Villagomez, Fisheries Biologist I, Phone: (670) 664-6044, Fax: (670) 664-6056, Email: [email protected].

PUBLICATIONS AND IN-HOUSE REPORTS

APPENDIX A CNMI Fish Fact Sheets ...... A-1 Checklist of CNMI Fishes...... A-2

Appendix A-1.

Scarus rubroviolaceus Acanthurus

lineatus Siganus argenteus Upeneus 2015 UPDATES TO THE CHECKLIST OF FISHES OF THE CNMI arge ScombriodesTHE COMMONWEALTH OF THE NORTHERN MARIANA lysan ISLANDS Naso DEPARTMENT OF LANDS AND NATURAL RESOURCES unicornis DIVISION Cephalopholis OF FISH AND WILDLIFE argus

Meliichtys vidua Scarus altipinnis Caranx sexfaciatus Caran ignobilis Decapterus mackarelus Liza vaigensis Cephalopholis urodeta Naso lituratus Cheatodon Auriga Pleactiorpomus leavis Bolbometapon muricatum Lethrinus harak Scolopsis lineatus Cheilinus trilobatus Pomacentrus pavo Chrysiptera cyanea Stegastes fasciolatus Balistoides conspicillum

Variola louti Monotaxis grandoculis Compiled by: Michael C. Tenorio

PERIOD COVERED: Macolor macularisST ST Grammistes OCTOBER 1 , 2014–SEPTEMBER 31 , 2015 sexlineatus Lutjanus kasmira Chelio inermis Lethrinus atkinsoni Siganis spinus Liza vaigensis Pteriolotris TABLE OF CONTENTS

LIST OF FIGURES ...... vi

ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS ...... vii

SUMMARY ...... 1

INTRODUCTION...... 2

METHODS ...... 2

RESULTS ...... 3

RECOMMENDATIONS ...... 3

REFERENCES ...... 4

CHECKLIST ...... 1

Hexanchidae ...... 1 Rhincodontidae ...... 1 Ginglymostomatidae ...... 1 Laminidae...... 1 Alopiidae ...... 1 Carcharhinidae ...... 1 Sphyrnidae ...... 2 Rhinobatidae ...... 2 Plesiobatidae ...... 2 Dasyatidae ...... 2 Myliobatidae ...... 2 Megalopidae ...... 2 Albulidae ...... 2 Anguillidae ...... 2 Moringuidae ...... 2 Chlopsidae...... 3 Muraenidae ...... 3 Ophichthidae ...... 4 Congridae ...... 5 Muraenesocidae ...... 5 Serrivomeridae ...... 5 Clupeidae ...... 5 Engraulididae ...... 5 Sternoptychidae ...... 5

Chanidae ...... 5 Synodontidae ...... 5 Plotosidae ...... 6 Lampridae ...... 6 Polymidiidae ...... 6 Bregmacerotidae ...... 6 Ophidiidae ...... 6 Carapidae ...... 6 Bythitidae ...... 7 Antennariide ...... 7 Gobiesocidae ...... 7 Atherinidae ...... 7 Poeciliidae ...... 7 Belonidae ...... 8 Hemirhamphidae ...... 8 Exocoetidae ...... 8 Anomalopidae ...... 9 Berycidae...... 9 Holocentridae ...... 9 Caproidae ...... 10 Pegasidae ...... 10 Aulostomidae ...... 10 Fistulariidae ...... 10 Solenostomidae ...... 10 Syngnathidae ...... 10 Scorpaenidae ...... 11 Setarchidae ...... 11 Synanceiidae ...... 12 Caracanthidae ...... 12 Triglidae ...... 12 Dactylopteridae ...... 12 Peristediidae ...... 12 Platycephalidae ...... 12 Centropomidae ...... 13 Ambassidae ...... 13 Serranidae ...... 13 Symphysanodontidae ...... 15 Pseudochromidae ...... 15 Callanthiidae ...... 15 Plesiopidae ...... 15 Kuhliidae ...... 15 Priacanthidae ...... 15 Apogonidae ...... 15 Malacanthidae ...... 17 Rachycentridae ...... 17 Echeneidae ...... 17 Carangidae ...... 17

iii Coryphaenidae ...... 18 Leiognathidae ...... 18 Brammidae ...... 19 Emmelichtydae ...... 19 Lutjanidae...... 19 Caesionidae ...... 20 Lobotidae ...... 20 Gerreidae ...... 20 Haemulidae ...... 20 Lethrinidae ...... 20 Nemipteridae ...... 21 Polynemidae ...... 21 Mullidae ...... 21 Pempherididae ...... 22 Kyphosidae ...... 22 Drepanidae ...... 22 Monidactylidae ...... 22 Chaetodontidae ...... 22 Pomacanthidae ...... 23 Oplegnathidae ...... 24 Cirrhitidae ...... 24 Mugilidae ...... 24 Cichlidae ...... 24 Pomacentridae ...... 25 Labridae ...... 26 Scaridae ...... 29 Uranoscopidae ...... 30 Trichonotidae ...... 30 Creedidae ...... 30 Pinguipedidae ...... 30 Tripterygiidae ...... 30 Blenniidae ...... 31 Callionymidae ...... 32 Eleotridae ...... 32 Gobiidae ...... 33 Kraemeriidae ...... 36 Microdesmidae ...... 36 Xenisthmidae ...... 36 Ephippidae ...... 36 Scatophagidae ...... 36 Siganidae ...... 37 Zanclidae ...... 37 Acanthuridae ...... 37 Sphyraenidae ...... 38 Gempylidae ...... 38 Xiphiidae ...... 39 Istiophoridae...... 39 Scombridae ...... 39

iv Trichiuridae ...... 39 Nomeidae ...... 39 Ariommatidae ...... 39 Bothidae ...... 39 Achiridae ...... 40 Soleidae ...... 40 Triacanthodidae ...... 40 Balistidae ...... 40 Monacanthidae ...... 41 Ostraciidae ...... 41 Triodontidae ...... 41 Tetraodontidae ...... 41 Diodontidae ...... 42 Molidae ...... 42

v LIST OF FIGURES

Figure 1. Map of the Commonwealth of the Northern Mariana Islands. Source: “Mariana Islands.” 16O 38’38.46” N and 144O 27’21.04” E. Google Earth. November 18, 2015.

vi ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS

Compilation of a checklist of fishes is a continual process which involves the cooperation and expertise of many fishery professionals from the pacific region. This is especially true in the CNMI, with its diverse and extensive geography. This checklist should therefore be viewed as a record of finfish species which continues to expand as additional information is collected within the Marianas. With this understanding we wish to acknowledge the efforts of the many past, and present, Division of Fish and Wildlife staff whose efforts have contributed significantly to this report. In addition, we wish to acknowledge the many fishers, vendors, scientists, state and federal natural resource agencies who have allowed DFW staff access to their catch and data over the years. It is with their support and cooperation that the success of this project has been realized over the years.

vii

viii SUMMARY

The Checklist of Fishes of the Commonwealth of the Northern Mariana Islands is an ongoing project funded by Federal Aid via the Dingell-Johnson Sportfish Restoration Act, which is a grant program administered by the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service. This checklist includes pelagic, epipelagic, bottom, reef, and aquatic fish found within the Mariana Archipelago. The project began in 1982 with the last revision occurring in 2013. This most recent update incorporates new records from data collection activities conducted in 2015 by the CNMI Division of Fish and Wildlife in collaboration with NOAA National Marine Fisheries Science Center (NOAA-NMFS). In addition to these changes, the checklist has also been expanded to include offshore banks and reefs for which occurrence data are available. A list of aquatic species generated from a 2007 invasive species survey conducted in Saipan has also been entered into the checklist. Updates have been made for the Northern Islands with data collected from the Northern Island Bottomfish Survey (NIBS), 2005, 2007 and 2009 NOAA CRED MARAMP, and 2010 USFWS Pagan survey. Updates from the southern populated island were obtained through 2003 Kate A. Moots/Hemstra samples, and DFW observations. Checklist systematics are derived from taxonomic classification following Myers (1991). Changes have been implemented in the checklist to address new taxonomic classifications. Placement of the checklist into a contemporary format and storage system will help to ensure that the data are readily accessible, and that future revisions will occur in a timely manner. In conjunction with the checklist, a reference collection of preserved fish specimens was initiated without continuing success due to the lack of an adequate storage facility and permanent office location for the Division of Fish and Wildlife. This aspect of the project remains on hold pending the recruitment of additional professional staff and the availability of adequate storage facility.

INTRODUCTION

The portion of the Mariana Archipelago which comprises the Commonwealth of the Northern Mariana Islands (CNMI) consists of a chain of islands and banks on a north-south axis, beginning with Rota to the south extending north to Uracas (Figure 1). The Checklist of Fishes of the CNMI was initiated in 1982 as a project funded by Federal Aid through the Dingell- Johnson (DJ) Sportfish Restoration Act, a grant program administered by the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service. The checklist includes pelagic, epipelagic, bottom, reef fish and aquatic species, reflecting the various fisheries of the CNMI. The last revision of the checklist occurred in 2013. The checklist is composed of species verifications from the islands of the CNMI by Division of Fish and Wildlife personnel and other reliable sources. These data came primarily from fisheries monitoring programs, but also included contract surveys, fishermen, personal observations, and collaborative research with federal natural resource agencies. The checklist has been expanded to include offshore banks and reefs.

METHODS

The families, genus, and species which comprise the framework of the checklist were derived from an electronic copy of the taxonomic list from Myers (1991). This list was supplied to the CNMI DFW by the Guam Division of Aquatic and Wildlife Resources. The list was subsequently reformatted and converted to Microsoft Excel version No. 7. Records prior to 1989 where entered from the 1988 hard copy of the checklist. The Excel version was then converted to a Microsoft Access database form and DFW data collection records from 1996-1998 were subsequently integrated. This most recent data were obtained through monitoring programs of the following fisheries; Northern Islands reef fish, Northern Islands deep water bottom fish, Saipan and Tinian reef fish, shallow water bottom fish, and from various DFW projects and surveys conducted over the past 25 years. Additional records were also obtained through verifiable sightings from fishermen and other knowledgeable individuals. Species identifications were determined using the following references; Randall (2005), Chapman et al. (2008), Allen et al. (2003), Myers (1999), Myers (1991), Randall and Heemstra (1991), Randall et al. (1990), Allen (1987), Anderson (1987), Carpenter (1987), Randall (1987), Smith and Heemstra (1986), Allen and Talbot (1985), Bruce and Randall (1985), Masuda et al. (1985), Sainsbury et al. (1985), and Kato et al. (1967). In cases where positive specific identification required greater expertise, specimens were sent to Guam for identification by Mr. Robert Myers, formerly of the Guam Division of Aquatic and Wildlife Resources. Most records represent sight records obtained through market sampling and survey data collection activities. For most of these records no specimens exist. For some con-genera, records exist where the group was previously unrecorded and identification to the specific level was not possible.

RESULTS

The checklist includes 133 families, and up to 1,641 species, listed phylogenetically. An ‘x’ indicates the documentation of that particular species at the island, bank or reef indicated. Documentation generally follows the latitudinal extent of commercial fishing activity and research cruises. Ranges for numerous species have been expanded, with many species’ names updated to accepted taxonomic classifications. Many of the recent additional species listed in this updated report is attributed to the collaborative activities between the CNMI Division of Fish & Wildlife’s Fisheries Research Section and National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration - National Marine Fisheries Service.

RECOMENDATIONS

The Checklist of fishes for the CNMI project is an important component for the Divisions monitoring programs. The checklist and the reference collection are essential for the fish identification training of DFW staff and other scientists, as well a useful reference for researchers wanting information on fish species presence in the Northern Mariana Islands. The checklist should be maintained in its present electronic form and improved upon as new database software become available. New data collections should be combined with the checklist and any new additions made on a regular basis. Communication with other fisheries experts are needed for verification of fish being identified. The reference collection is expected to be revived once an adequate training is obtained in fish curating and records keeping. This collection will initially require significant effort to restart, with constant attention necessary over the long term for satisfactory completion.

REFERENCES

Allen, G. R. and F. H. Talbot. 1985. Review of the snappers of the genus Lutjanus (Pisces: Lutjanidae) from the Indo-Pacific, with the description of a new species. Indo-Pacific Fishes No.11, 88 pp.

Allen, G. R. 1987. Synopsis of the circumtropical fish genus Lutjanus (Lutjanidae). In: Tropical Snappers and Groupers: Biology and Fisheries Management, pp. 33-88. Ed. by J. J. Polovina and S. Ralston. Ocean resources and marine policy series.

Allen, G. R., Steene, R., Humann, P., Deloach, N. 2003. Reef Fish Identification – Tropical Pacific. New World Publications, Inc. Jaksonville, Florida USA.

Anderson, W. D. 1987. Systematics of the fishes of the family Lutjanidae (Perciformes: Percoidei), the snappers. In: Tropical Snappers and Groupers: Biology and Fisheries Management, pp. 1-32. Ed. by J. J. Polovina and S. Ralston. Ocean resources and marine policy series.

Bruce, R. W. and J. E. Randall. 1985. Revision of the Indo-Pacific parrotfish genera Calotomus and Leptoscarus. Indo-Pacific Fishes No.5, 32 pp.

Carpenter, K. E. 1987. Revision of the Indo-Pacific fish family Caesionidae (Lutjanoidea), with descriptions of five new species. Indo-Pacific Fishes No.15, 56 pp.

Chapman, L., Desurmont, A., Choi, Y., Boblin, P., Sokimi, W. and Beverly, S. 2008. Fish Species Identification Manual for Deep-Bottom Snapper Fishermen. South Pacific Community. Stredder Print Ltd, New Zealand, 154pp.

Google earth V 6.2.2.6613. (July 1, 2013). Mariana Islands. 16O 38’38.46” N and 144O 27’21.04” E, Eye alt 1011.80 feet. Data SIO, NOAA, U.S. Navy, NGA, GEBCO. http://www.earth.google.com [August 12, 2014.].

Kato, S., Springer, S., and M. H. Wagner. 1967. Field guide to Eastern Pacific and Hawaiian Sharks. U. S. Bur. of Comm. Fish. Circ. 271, 47 pp.

Masuda, H., Amaoka, K., Araga, C., Uyeno, T. and T. Yoshino. 1985. The fishes of the Japanese Archipelago. Tokai University Press, Tokyo, Japan. 437 pp.

Myers, R. F. 1991. Miconesian reef fishes: A practical guide to the identification of the inshore marine fishes of the tropical central and western pacific. Coral Graphics. 300 pp.

Nelson, J.S. 1984. Fishes of the World. John Wiley & Sons, Inc. 523pp.

Randall J. E. 1987. A preliminary Synopsis of the groupers (Perciformes: Serranidae: Epinephelinae) of the Indo-Pacific Region. In: Tropical Snappers and Groupers: Biology

4 and Fisheries Management, pp 89-188. Ed. by J. J. Polovina and S. Ralston. Ocean resources and marine policy series.

Randall, J. E., Allen G. R., and R. C. Steere. 1990. Fishes of the Great Barrier Reef and Coral Sea. Univeristy of Hawaii Press, Honolulu, HI. 507 pp.

Randall, J. E. and P. Heemstra. 1991. Revision of Indo-Pacific groupers (Perciformes: Serranidae: Epinephelinae), with descriptions of five new species. Indo-Pacific Fishes No.20, 332 pp.

Randall J. E. 2005. Reef and Shore Fishes of the South Pacific: New Caledonia to Tahiti and the Pitcairn Islands. University of Hawaii Press, Honolulu, HI. 720pp.

Seman, Richard B. 2002. Taxanomic Codes Currently in Use in the CNMI (In “Alphabetic” Order). CNMI Division of Fish & Wildlife technical report. 5pp.

Seman, Richard B. 2002. Taxanomic Codes Currently in Use in the CNMI (In “Phylogenetic” Order). CNMI Division of Fish & Wildlife technical report. 11pp.

Seman, Richard B. 2002. Taxanomic Codes for Fishes of the CNMI (In “Phylogenetic” Order). CNMI Division of Fish & Wildlife technical report. 35pp.

Smith, M. M. and P. C. Heemstra. 1986. Smith’s Sea Fishes. Springer-Velag. 1047 pp.

5 2015 CHECKLIST OF FISHES OF THE COMMONWEALTH OF THE NORTHERN MARIANA ISLANDS

TAXON

Guam Rota Aguijan Tinian Esmeralda Bank Coke Reef 300 Reef Saipan Marpi Reef Malakis Reef Opakapaka Reef Peligro Reef F D Medinilla White Tuna Reef Anatahan Sonome Reef Anarigan Bank Sarigan Zealandia Bank Guguan Alamagan Pagan Agrihan Asuncion Maug Uracas Pathfinder Arakane ELASMOBRANCHII Hexanchiformes Hexanchidae Hexanchus griseus X

Orectolobiformes Rhincodontidae Rhincodon typus X Ginglymostomatidae Nebrius ferrugineus X X X X X X X X X X X X X

Lamniformes Lamnidae Isurus oxyrinchus Alopiidae Alopias pelagicus X

Carchariniformes Carcharhinidae Carcharhinus albimarginatus X Carcharhinus amblyrhynchos X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X Carcharhinus falciformis X Carcharhinus galapagensis X X Carcharhinus longimanus X Carcharhinus melanopterus X X X X X X X X X X X X Galeocerdo cuvier X Prionace glauca X

1 Triaenodon obesus X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X Sphyrnidae Sphyrna lewini

Rajiformes Rhinobatidae Rhinchobatus djiddensis X Plesiobatidae Plesiobatis daviesi Dasyatidae Dasyatis kuhlii X Himantura fai X Himantura granulata Taeniura meyeni X X X X X Urogymnus africanus Myliobatidae Aetobatis narinari X X X X X X X Manta birostris X

OSTEICHTHYES Elopiformes Megalopidae Megalops cyprinoides X Albulidae Albula glossodonta X

Anguilliformes Anguillidae Anguilla bicolor Anguilla marmorata X Anguilla sp.(unidentified) X X X X X X X X Moringuidae Moringua ferruginea Moringua javanica

2 Moringua microchir Moringua sp. X Chlopsidae Kaupichthys atronasus Kaupichthys diodontus X X Muraenidae X Anarchias allardicei Anarchias seychellensis Echidna leucotaenia Echidna nebulosa X Echidna polyzona Echidna unicolor Enchelycore bayeri Enchelycore bikiniensis Enchelycore schismatorhynchus Enchelynassa canina X Gymnomuraena zebra X Gymnothorax berndti Gymnothorax cf. kamar X Gymnothorax buroensis X X Gymnothorax elegans Gymnothorax enigmaticus X Gymnothorax fimbriatus X Gymnothorax flavocula X Gymnothorax flavimarginatus X X X X Gymnothorax fuscomaculatus X X Gymnothorax gracilicauda Gymnothorax hepaticus X Gymnothorax intensi X Gymnothorax javanicus X X X X X X X Gymnothorax margaritophorus X X Gymnothorax marshallensis Gymnothorax melatremus Gymnothorax meleagris X X X X X X X X X

3 Gymnothorax neglectus Gymnothorax nudivomer Gymnothorax pindae Gymnothorax richardsoni Gymnothorax rueppelliae X Gymnothorax undulatus X X Gymnothorax zonipectis Gymnothorax sp. (unidentified) X X X X X X X Muraena monostigma X Pseudechidna brummeri Rhinomuraena quaesita Scuticaria tigrina Siderea picta X X Siderea thyrsoidea Strophidon sathete Uropterygius concolor X Uropterygius macrocephalus X Uropterygius marmoratus Uropterygius micropterus Uropterygius xanthopterus Ophichthidae Brachysomophis sauropsis Callechelys catostomus Callechelys marmorata Dalophis polyophthalmus Leiuranus semicinctus X Muraenichthys laticaudatus Muraenichthys macropterus Muraenichthys schultei X Myrichthys colubrinus X Myrichthys maculosus X X Ophichthus cephalozona Pisodonophis cancrivorus Schultzidia johnstonensis

4 Congridae Conger cinereus X Conger sp. cf. macrocephalus Gorgasia preclara Gorgasia n. sp. (undescribed) Heteroconger hassi X Muraenesocidae Muraenesox cinereus Serrivomeridae Stemonidium hypomelas

Clupeiformes Clupeidae Dussumieria sp. B (undescribed) Etrumeus teres Spratelloides delicatulus X Spratelloides sp. (unidentified) X X X X Engraulidae Stolephorus devisi Stolephorus indicus Stolephorus pacificus Stolephorus punctifer Thryssa baelama X

Sternoptychidae Argyropelecus aculeatus

Gonorynchiformes Chanidae Chanos chanos X X

Aulopiformes Synodontidae Saurida gracilis X X X X X X X X

5 Saurida nebulosa Saurida sp. (unidentified) X Synodus binotatus X X X Synodus dermatogenys X X Synodus jaculum Synodus sp X Synodus rubromarmoratus Synodus variegatus X X X

Siluriformes Plotosidae Plotosus lineatus X

Lampriformes Lampridae Lampris guttatus X X

Polymixiiformes Polymixiidae Polymixia japonica X Polymixia sp. X X Gadiformes Bregmacerotidae Bregmaceros nectabanus Macrouridae Coelorinchus hexafasciatus X

Ophidiiformes Ophidiidae Brotula multibarbata X Carapidae Carapus mourlani Encheliophis boraborensis Encheliophis gracilis

6 Encheliophis homei Encheliophis vermicularis Bythitidae Brosmophyciops pautzkei X Dinematichthys sp. Dinematichthys iluocoeteoides X X

Lophiiformes Antennariidae Antennarius coccineus Antennarius commersonii Antennarius dorehensis X X Antennarius maculatus Antennarius nummifer Antennarius pictus Antennatus tuberosus Histrio histrio

Gobiesociformes Gobiesocidae X Discotrema crenophila X Lepadichthys minor Liobranchia stria

Atheriniformes Atherinidae Atherinomorus lacunosus X Atherion elymus X Hypoatherina ovalaua

Cyprinodontiformes Poeciliidae Gambusia affinis X

7 Beloniformes Belonidae Ablennes hians Platybelone argalus X X X X Strongylura incisa Tylosurus acus Tylosurus crocodilus X X X X Hemiramphidae Euleptorhamphus viridis Hemiramphus lutkei X Hemiramphus sp. (unidentified) X X X X Hyporhamphus acutus Hyporhamphus affinis Hyporhamphus dussumieri X X Hyporhamphus sp. (unidentified) X Zenarchopterus dispar Exocoetidae Cheilopogon atrisignis X Cheilopogon cyanopterus Cheilopogon spilonotopterus Cheilopogon spilopterus Cheilopogon sp. (unidentified) X Cypselurus angusticeps Cypselurus poecilopterus X X Cypselurus simus X Cypselurus unicolor Exocoetus volitans X Hirundichthys speculiger Hirundichthys albimaculatus Oxyporhampus micropterus Parexocoetus brachypterus Parexocoetus mento Prognichthys sealei

8 Beryciformes Anomalopidae Anomalops katoptron Anomalops sp. (unidentified) X Photoblepharon palpebratus Berycidae Beryx decadactylus X X X X X Holocentridae Myripristis adusta X X Myripristis amaena X X X X X X X X Myripristis berndti X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X Myripristis chryseres X Myripristis kuntee X X X X X X X X X Myripristis murdjan X X X X X X X X X X Myripristis pralinia X Myripristis violacea X X X Myripristis vittata X Myripristis woodsi X X Myripristis sp. (unidentified) X X X X X X X X Neoniphon argenteus X X Neoniphon aurolineatus Neoniphon operculare X X X X X X Neoniphon sammara X X X X X X X X X Neoniphon sp. (unidentified) X X X X X Ostichthys archiepiscopus X Ostichthys brachygnathus Ostichthys kaianus X Ostichthys sandix Plectrypops lima X X Sargocentron caudimaculatum X X X X X X X X X X X X X Sargocentron diadema X X X X X X X Sargocentron ensiferum Sargocentron microstomum X X X X Sargocentron praslin X

9 Sargocentron punctatissimum X X Sargocentron spiniferum X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X Sargocentron tiere X X X X X X X X X X X X X X Sargocentron tiereoides X Pristilepis oligolepis X

Zeiformes Caproidae Antigonia capros X Gasterosteiformes Pegasidae Eurypegasus draconis

Syngnathiformes Aulostomidae Aulostomus chinensis X X X X X X Fistulariidae Fistularia commersonii X X X X X X X X X X Solenostomidae Solenostomus cyanopterus Solenostomus sp. (undescribed) X Syngnathidae Choeroichthys brachysoma Choeroichthys sculptus X Corythoichthys flavofasciatus X Corythoichthys intestinalis X X Syngnathidae X Corythoichthys sp. X Corythoichthys nigripectus Cosmocampus darrosanus Doryrhamphus dactyliophorus Doryrhamphus negrosensis X Doryrhamphus excisus X Halicampus brocki X

10 Halicampus mataafae Hippichthys spicifer Hippocampus histrix Micrognathus andersonii Micrognathus brevirostris Micrognathus pygmaeus X Minyichthys myersi Phoxocampus diacanthus Syngnathoides biaculeatus Trachyrhamphus bicoarctatus

Scorpaeniformes Scorpaenidae X Setarchidae Lioscorpius longiceps X Scorpaenidae Dendrochirus biocellatus Dendrochirus brachypterus X pale pipefish X Parascorpaena mossambica Pontinus macrocephalus X X Pontinus tentacularis Pontinus sp. cf. nigerimum Pontinus sp. X Pterois antennata X X X X X X Pterois radiata X Pterois volitans X X X Scorpaenodes guamensis X Scorpaenodes kelloggi X Scorpaenodes minor Scorpaenodes parvipinnis Scorpaenodes varipinnis X Scorpaenopsis diabolus X X Scorpaenopsis fowleri

11 Scorpaenopsis macrochir Scorpaenopsis possi X Scorpaenopsis papuensis Scorpaenopsis sp. A (undescribed) X Sebastapistes cyanostigma X X X X X X Sebastapistes galactacma Sebastapistes mauritiana Sebastapistes strongia X Taenianotus triacanthus Synanceiidae Synanceia verrucosa X X Caracanthidae Caracanthus maculatus X X X Caracanthus unipinnis Triglidae Pterygotrigla multiocellata X Parapterygotrigla megalops X

Dactylopteroidei Dactylopteridae Dactyloptena orientalis Dactyloptena petersoni X X

Peristediidae Satyrichthys rieffeli

Platycephaloidei Platycephalidae Cociella crocodila X Eurycephalus arenicola X Onigocia bimaculata X Thysanophrys chiltonae X

Perciformes

12 Percoidei Centropomidae Lates calcarifer Ambassidae Ambassis buruensis Serranidae Aethaloperca rogaa X X X X X X X Anyperodon leucogrammicus X X Aporops bilinearis Belonoperca chabanaudi Cephalopholis argus X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X Cephalopholis aurantia Cephalopholis igarashiensis X X X X X Cephalopholis leopardus X Cephalopholis miniatus X X Cephalopholis polleni Cephalopholis sexmaculata X X X X X X X X X X X Cephalopholis sonnerati X X X X X Cephalopholis spiloparaea X X Cephalopholis urodeta X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X Cephalopholis sp. (unidentified) X X X Cromileptes altivelis Epinephelus corallicola X Epinephelus fasciatus X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X Epinephelus fuscoguttatus X Epinephelus hexagonatus X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X Epinephelus howlandi X X X Epinephelus lanceolatus Epinephelus macrospilos X X X X X X Epinephelus maculatus X X X Epinephelus merra X X X X X X X X X X X X Epinephelus melanostigma X Epinephelus morrhua X X X Hyporthordus octofasciatus X X X

13 Epinephelus polyphekadion X X X X X X X X Epinephelus retouti X Epinephelus socialis X X X X Epinephelus spilotoceps X Epinephelus tauvina X X X X X X X X X X X Epinephelus sp. (unidentified) X X X X X Gracila albomarginata X X X X X X X X X X Grammistes sexlineatus X X X X Grammistops ocellatus Holanthias borbonius Holanthias katayamai Liopropoma lunulatum Liopropoma maculatum Liopropoma pallidum X X Liopropoma tonstrinum Plectranthias fourmanoiri Plectranthias kamii X X Plectranthias nanus Plectranthias rubrifasciatus Plectropomus laevis X X X X X Plectropomus leopardus X X X Pogonoperca punctata X X X X X X X X Pseudanthias bicolor X X Pseudanthias cooperi X X X X X X X X Pseudanthias pascalus X X X X X X X X X X X X X X Pseudanthias pleurotaenia X Pseudanthias ventralis Pseudanthias sp. B (undescribed) Pseudogramma polyacanthum X X X Saloptia powelli X X X X X X X X Selenanthias myersi Suttonia lineata Variola albimarginata X X X Variola louti X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X

14 Symphysanodontidae Symphysanodon maunaloae Symphysanodon typus Pseudochromidae Pseudochromis cyanotaenia X X Pseudochromis fuscus X Pseudoplesiops revellei X Pseudoplesiops rosae X N. gen. sp. A X N. gen. sp. B Callanthiidae Grammatonotus sp. 1 (deep water form) Grammatonotus sp. 2 (deep water form) Plesiopidae Calloplesiops altivelis Plesiops coeruleolineatus X Plesiops corallicola Kuhliidae Kuhlia marginata X Kuhlia mugil X X X X X X Kuhlia rupestris X X X Priacanthidae Cookeolus japonicus Heteropriacanthus cruentatus X X X X X X Priacanthus alalaua Priacanthus hamrur X X Pristigenys meyeri Pristigenys niphonia Apogonidae Apogon angustatus X X X Apogon apogonides Apogon bandanensis X Apogon campbelli X Apogon cookii X

15 Apogon crassiceps X X X Apogon doryssa Apogon endekataenia X Apogon evermanni Apogon exostigma X X Apogon fraenatus X X X Apogon guamensis X X Apogon kallopterus X X X Apogon lateralis Apogon leptacanthus Apogon luteus X X X X X Apogon nigrofasciatus X X X Apogon novemfasciatus X X X Apogon savayensis X X Apogon semilineatus Apogon taeniophorus X Apogon taeniopterus X Apogon trimaculatus X X X X Apogon sp. (unidentified) X X X X X X X X Apogonichthys ocellatus X Apogonichthys perdix Archamia biguttata Archamia fucata Cercamia eremeia X Cheilodipterus artus X Cheilodipterus macrodon X X X Cheilodipterus quinquelineatus X X X X X X Foa brachygramma Foa fo Fowleria aurita Fowleria marmorata Fowleria punctulata X Fowleria variegata Fowleria vaiulae

16 Gymnapogon philippinus X Gymnapogon urospilotus Pseudamia gelatinosa Pseudamiops gracilicauda Siphamia fistulosa Siphamia versicolor Siphamia sp. X Sphaeramia orbicularis Malacanthidae Hoplolatilus starcki Malacanthus brevirostris X X X Malacanthus latovittatus X X X X X X X X X X X Rachycentridae Rachycentron canadum Echeneidae Echeneis naucrates Phtheirichthys lineatus Remora osteochir Remora remora X X Carangidae Alectis ciliaris Alectis indicus X Alepes djedaba Atule mate Carangoides caeruleopinnatus Carangoides chrysophrys Carangoides ferdau X X Carangoides gymnostethus Carangoides hedlandensis Carangoides malabaricus Carangoides oblongus Carangoides orthogrammus X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X Carangoides plagiotaenia X X Carangoides talamparoides

17 Caranx ignobilis X X X X X X X X X X X X Caranx lugubris X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X Caranx melampygus X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X Caranx papuensis X X Caranx sexfasciatus X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X Caranx sp. (unidentified) X Caranx tille Decapterus macarellus X X X X Decapterus macrosoma X Decapterus maruadsi Decapterus tabl X Decapterus sp. (unidentified) X X Elagatis bipinnulata X X X X X X X X X X X X X X Gnathanodon speciosus X X X X Naucrates ductor Scomberoides lysan X X X X X X X X X X X X X Scomberoides tol X Selar boops Selar crumenophthalmus X Selaroides leptolepis Seriola dumerili X X X X Seriola rivoliana X Seriolina nigrofasciata Trachinotus baillonii X X X X X Trachinotus blochii X X Uraspis helvola Uraspis uraspis Coryphaenidae Coryphaena equiselis Coryphaena hippurus X X X X X X X X X X Leiognathidae Gazza achlamys Leiognathus equulus Leiognathus fasciatus

18 Leiognathus stercorarius Bramidae Taractichthys steindachneri X X X X X X X Emmelichthyidae Emmelichthys karnellai Erythrocles scintillans X X X Lutjanidae Aphareus furca X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X Aphareus rutilans X X X X X X X X X Aprion virescens X X X X X X X X X X X X X X Etelis carbunculus X X X X X X X X X X X Etelis coruscans X X X X X X X X X X Etelis radiosus X X Lutjanus argentimaculatus X Lutjanus bohar X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X Lutjanus ehrenbergii X X Lutjanus fulviflamma X X Lutjanus fulvus X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X Lutjanus gibbus X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X Lutjanus kasmira X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X Lutjanus lunulatus Lutjanus lutjanus Lutjanus malabaricus Lutjanus monostigma X X X X X X X X X X Lutjanus rivulatus X Lutjanus russellii X Macolor macularis X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X Macolor niger X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X Paracaesio kusakarii Paracaesio sordida X Paracaesio xanthura X X X X Pristipomoides argyrogrammicus X X X Pristipomoides auricilla X X X X X X X X X X X Pristipomoides filamentosus X X X X X X X X X

19 Pristipomoides flavipinnis X X X X X Pristipomoides multidens X Pristipomoides sieboldii X X X Pristipomoides zonatus X X X X X X X X X X X Randallichthys filamentosus X X Caesionidae Caesio caerulaurea X X X X X X X Caesio cuning X X X Caesio lunaris X X Caesio teres X X X X X X X X X X X X Pterocaesio marri X X X X X X X X X Pterocaesio tile X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X Lobotidae Lobotes surinamensis Gerreidae Gerres acinaces X Gerres longirostris X Gerres oblongus X Gerres oyena X Haemulidae Plectorhinchus albovittatus X Plectorhinchus gibbosus X Plectorhinchus lineatus Plectorhinchus picus X X X X X X X X X X X X X X Plectorhinchus schotaf X Plectorhinchus sp. cf. schotaf Plectorhinchus vittatus X X Lethrinidae Gnathodentex aureolineatus X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X Gymnocranius euanus X X X X Gymnocranius grandoculis Gymnocranius griseus Gymnocranius microdon X X X Gymnocranius sp. (undescribed) X

20 Gymnocranius sp. (unidentified) X Lethrinus amboinensis X X Lethrinus atkinsoni X X Lethrinus erythracanthus X X X Lethrinus harak X X X X X X X X Lethrinus lentjan Lethrinus obsoletus X X X X X X Lethrinus olivaceus X X X X X X X X X X X Lethrinus rubrioperculatus X X X X X X Lethrinus semicinctus X X Lethrinus xanthochilus X X X X X X X Lethrinus sp. (unidentified) X X X X X Monotaxis grandoculis X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X Wattsia mossambica Nemipteridae Scolopsis bilineata Scolopsis lineatus X X Pentapodus caninus X Pentapodus sp. (undescribed) Polynemidae Polydactylus sexfilis X X X Mullidae Mulloides flavolineatus X X X X X X X X X Mulloidichthys pflugeri X Mulloidichthys vanicolensis X X X X X X X X X X X X X Parupeneus barberinoides X X Parupeneus barberinus X X X X X X X X X X X Parupeneus bifasciatus X X X X X X X X X X X X X Parupeneus ciliatus X X X X Parupeneus cyclostomus X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X Parupeneus insularis X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X Parupeneus heptacanthus X Parupeneus moffitti X Parupeneus multifasciatus X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X

21 Parupeneus pleurostigma X X X X X X X X Upeneus arge X Upeneus moluccensis X Upeneus vittatus Pempherididae Pempheris oualensis X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X Kyphosidae Kyphosus bigibbus X X X X X X X X X X X Kyphosus cinerascens X X X X X X X X X X X X X X Kyphosus vaigiensis X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X Kyphosis sp. (unidentified) X X X X X X X Sectator ocyurus X Drepanidae Drepane punctata Monodactylidae Monodactylus argenteus Chaetodontidae Chaetodon auriga X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X Chaetodon baronessa X Chaetodon bennetti X X X X X X X X X Chaetodon citrinellus X X X X X X X X X X X X X Chaetodon ephippium X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X Chaetodon flavocoronatus X X Chaetodon kleinii X X X X X X X X X X X Chaetodon lineolatus X X X Chaetodon lunula X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X Chaetodon lunulatus X X X X X X X X X X Chaetodon melannotus X X X Chaetodon mertensii X X X X X X X X X X X Chaetodon modestus Chaetodon ornatissimus X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X Chaetodon punctatofasciatus X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X Chaetodon quadrimaculatus X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X Chaetodon reticulatus X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X

22 Chaetodon semeion X Chaetodon speculum X Chaetodon trifascialis X X X X X X X X X X Chaetodon ulietensis X X X X X X X X X X Chaetodon unimaculatus X X X X X X X X X Chaetodon vagabundus X X X X X X X X Forcipiger flavissimus X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X Forcipiger longirostris X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X Forcipiger sp. (unidentified) X X X X Hemitaurichthys polylepis X X X X X X X X X X X Hemitaurichthys thompsoni X X X X X X X X Heniochus acuminatus X X X Heniochus chrysostomus X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X Heniochus diphreutes Heniochus monoceros X X X X X X X X X X Heniochus singularius X Heniochus varius X X Heniochus sp. (unidentified) X X X Pomacanthidae Apolemichthys trimaculatus X X X X X X X X X X X X X X Centropyge bicolor Centropyge bispinosus X Centropyge colini Centropyge flavissimus X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X Centropyge heraldi X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X Centropyge loriculus Centropyge multicolor Centropyge multifasciata X X Centropyge nigriocellus X Centropyge shepardi X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X Centropyge vrolikii X Genicanthus bellus Genicanthus melanospilos X Genicanthus watanabei X X

23 Paracentropyge multifasciatus X Pomacanthus imperator X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X Pygoplites diacanthus X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X Oplegnathidae Oplegnathus punctatus X X X X X X X Cirrhitidae Amblycirrhitus bimacula X X X X Cirrhitichthys falco X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X Cirrhitichthys oxycephalus X X Cirrhitops fasciatus X Cirrhitops hubbardi X Cirrhitus pinnulatus X X X X X Neocirrhites armatus X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X Oxycirrhites typus X Paracirrhites arcatus X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X Paracirrhites forsteri X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X Paracirrhites hemistictus X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X

Mugiloidei Mugilidae Crenimugil crenilabis X X X Liza tade Liza vaigiensis X X Mugil cephalus X Neomyxus leuciscus X Oedalechilus labiosus X Valamugil buchanani Valamugil engeli X X X Valamugil seheli X

Cichlidae Oreochromis mossambicus X X X X Sarotherodon galilaeusmultifaciatus X Gambusa affinis X

24 Pomacentridae Abudefduf septemfasciatus X X X X X X X X Abudefduf sexfasciatus X X X X X X X X Abudefduf sordidus X X X X X X X X X Abudefduf vaigiensis X X X X X X X X X X X Amblyglyphidodon aureus X Amblyglyphidodon curacao X X X X X Amphiprion chrysopterus X X X X X X X X X X Amphiprion clarkii X X X X X Amphiprion frenatus X X Amphiprion melanopus X X X Amphiprion perideraion X X X Chromis acares X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X Chromis agilis X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X Chromis alpha X Chromis amboinensis X Chromis analis Chromis atripectoralis X X Chromis elerae X Chromis lepidolepis Chromis margaritifer X X X X X X X X X X X X X X Chromis ternatensis X Chromis vanderbilti X X X X X X X X X X X X X X Chromis viridis X X X X Chromis xanthura X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X Chrysiptera biocellata X X X Chrysiptera brownriggii X X X X X X X X X X X X Chrysiptera caeruleolineata X X X Chrysiptera cyanea Chrysiptera glauca X X X Chrysiptera oxycephala X Chrysiptera traceyi X X X X X X X Chrysiptera tricincta

25 Dascyllus aruanus X X X X X Dascyllus reticulatus X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X Dascyllus trimaculatus X X X X X X X X X X X X X Dischistodus perspicillatus Lepidozygus tapeinosoma X X X X X X X Neopomacentrus violascens Plectroglyphidodon dickii X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X Plectroglyphidodon imparipennis X X X X X X X X X X X X X X Plectroglyphidodon johnstonianus X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X Plectroglyphidodon lacrymatus X X X X X X X X X X X X Plectroglyphidodon leucozonus X X X X X X X X Plectroglyphidodon phoenixensis X X X X X X X X Pomacentrus amboinensis X Pomacentrus brachialis X X Pomacentrus coelestis Pomacentrus vaiulae X Pomacentrus pavo X X X X X Pomacentrus vaiuli X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X Pomacentrus sp. (unidentified) X X X X X X Pomachromis guamensis X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X Stegastes albifasciatus X X X X Stegastes fasciolatus X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X Stegastes lividus X X X Stegastes nigricans X X X

Labroidei Labridae Anampses caeruleopunctatus X X X X X X X X X X X X X X Anampses meleagrides X X X X X X X X X X X Anampses twistii X X X X X X X X X X Bodianus anthioides X X X X X Bodianus axillaris X X X X X X X X X X X X X Bodianus bilunulatus X Bodianus mesothorax X

26 Bodianus loxozonus Bodianus tanyokidus Cheilinus chlorurus X X X X Cheilinus fasciatus X X X X X X Cheilinus oxycephalus X Cheilinus trilobatus X X X X X X X X X X X X X Cheilinus undulatus X X X X X X X X X X X X X X Cheilio inermis X X Choerodon azurio X Cirrhilabrus katherinae X X X X X X X X X X X Cirrhilabrus sp. (unidentified) X X Coris aygula X X X X X X X X X X X X X X Coris dorsomacula X X Coris gaimard X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X Coris batuensis X X Cymolutes praetextatus X Epibulus insidiator X X X X X X X X Gomphosus varius X X X X X X X X X X X X X X Halichoeres biocellatus X X X X X X X X X Halichoeres hartzfeldii X X Halichoeres hortulanus X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X Halichoeres margaritaceus X X X X X X X X X X X X Halichoeres marginatus X X X X X X X X X X Halichoeres melanurus X X Halichoeres melasmapomus Halichoeres ornatissimus X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X Halichoeres papilionaceus X Halichoeres scapularis X Halichoeres trimaculatus X X X X X X X X X X Halichoeres sp. X Hemigymnus fasciatus X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X Hemigymnus melapterus X X X X X X X X X Hologymnosus annulatus X X X Hologymnosus doliatus X X X X X X X X X X X

27 Labrichthys unilineatus X X X Labroides bicolor X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X Labroides dimidiatus X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X Labroides pectoralis X X X X X X X X X X X Labropsis micronesica X Labropsis xanthonota X X X X X X X X X Labropsis sp. (unidentified) X Macropharyngodon meleagris X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X Novaculichthys macrolepidotus X Novaculichthys taeniurus X X X X X X X Oxycheilinus arenatus X Oxycheilinus bimaculatus Oxycheilinus digrammus X X X Oxycheilinus orientalis X X X X X X Oxycheilinus unifasciatus X X X X X X X X X X X` X X X X X X X Polylepion russelli Pseudocheilinus evanidus X X X X X X Pseudocheilinus hexataenia X X X X X X X X X X X X Pseudocheilinus octotaenia X X X X X X X X X X X Pseudocheilinus tetrataenia X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X Pseudocheilinus sp. A (undescribed) Pseudocoris yamashiroi X Pseudodax moluccanus X X X X X X X Pseudojuloides atavai X X X X X X X X X X X X X Pseudojuloides cerasinus X X Pterogogus cryptus X Pterogogus enneacanthus X Stethojulis bandanensis X X X X X X X X X X X X X X Stethojulis interrupta Stethojulis strigiventer X X X X X X X Stethojulis trilineata X Thalassoma amblycephalum X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X Thalassoma hardwickii X X X X Thalassoma janseni

28 Thalassoma lunare X X X X X X X X X X Thalassoma lutescens X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X Thalassoma purpureum X X X X X X X X X Thalassoma sp. X Thalassoma quinquevittatum X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X Thalassoma trilobatum X X X X X X X X Wetmorella albofasciata Wetmorella nigropinnata X X X Xyrichtys aneitensis X Xyrichtys celebicus X X X Xyrichtys geisha X X X Xyrichtys halsteadi X Xyrichtys melanopus Xyrichtys pavo X X X X Xyrichtys sp. (unidentified) X X Iniistius pentadactylus X Scaridae Bolbometopon muricatum X X Calotomus carolinus X X X X X X X X X X Calotomus spinidens X X X Cetoscarus bicolor X X X X X X X X X X X X Chlorurus atrilunula X X X Chlorurus bleekeri X Chlorurus capistratoides X X X Chlorurus frontalis X X X X X X X X X Chlorurus microrhinos X X X X X X X X X X X X X Chlorurus sordidus X X X X X X X X X X X Hipposcarus longiceps X X X X X Leptoscarus vaigiensis Scarus altipinnis X X X X X X X X Scarus dimidiatus X X Scarus festivus X X X X Scarus forsteni X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X Scarus frenatus X X X X X X X X X

29 Scarus fuscocaudalis Scarus ghobban X X X X X X X Scarus globiceps X X X X X X X Scarus niger X Scarus oviceps X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X Scarus ovifrons X Scarus psittacus X X X X X X X X X X X Scarus rivulatus X Scarus rubroviolaceus X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X Scarus schlegeli X X X X X X X X X X X X X X Scarus Spinus X X Scarus xanthopleura Scarus sp. (unidentified) X X X X X X X X X X X

Trachinoidei Uranoscopidae Uranoscopus sulphureus Trichonotidae Trichonotus elegans Creediidae Chalixodytes tauensis X Pinguipedidae Parapercis clathrata X X X X X X X X X X X Parapercis millepunctata X X X X X X X X X X X X Parapercis multiplicata X X Parapercis schauinslandi

Blennoidei Tripterygiidae Ceratobregma helenae Enneapterygius hemimelas Enneapterygius tutuilae X Enneapterygius sp. X Enneapterygius nanus

30 Istiblennius sp. (unidentified) X Meiacanthus atrodorsalis X X X X X Meiacanthus grammistes X Omobranchus obliquus Parenchelyurus hepburni Petroscirtes breviceps X Petroscirtes mitratus X Petroscirtes xestus Plagiotremus laudandus X X Plagiotremus rhinorhynchos Plagiotremus tapeinosoma X X X X X X X X X X X Praealticus labrovittatus X Praealticus poptae X Rhabdoblennius ellipes Rhabdoblennius snowi X Salarias fasciatus X Stanulus seychellensis Xiphasia matsubarai

Callionymoidei Callionymidae Anaora tentaculata Callionymus simplicicornis Diplogrammus goramensis X X Synchiropus circularis X Synchiropus morrisoni Synchiropus sp. (undescribed) X

Gobioidei Eleotridae Calumia godeffroyi Eleotris fusca X Eleotris acanthopoma X Eleotris melanosoma X

31 Gobiidae Amblyeleotris fasciata X X X X Amblyeleotris guttata X Amblyeleotris periophthalmus Amblyeleotris steinitzi X Amblyeleotris wheeleri Amblyeleotris sp. X Amblygobius nocturnus Amblygobius phalaena X X Asterropteryx semipunctatus X Austrolethops wardi Awaous guamensis X Bathygobius cocosensis X Bathygobius cotticeps Bathygobius cyclopterus Bathygobius fuscus X Bryaninops amplus Bryaninops erythrops Bryaninops natans Bryaninops yongei Cabillus tongarevae Callogobius maculipinnis Callogobius plumatus X Callogobius sclateri X Coryphopterus duospilus X Coryphopterus neophytus X Coryphopterus signipinnis Coryphopterus sp. B (undescribed) Cristagobius sp. A (undescribed) Cryptocentrus caeruleomaculatus Cryptocentrus strigilliceps Cryptocentrus sp. A (undescribed) Ctenogobiops feroculus Ctenogobiops pomastictus

32 Ctenogobiops tangaroai X Eviota afelei Eviota albolineata X Eviota cometa X Eviota distigma Eviota fasciola X Eviota guttata Eviota lachdeberei Eviota nebulosa Eviota pellucidus Eviota prasites X Eviota saipanensis X X Eviota smaragdus X Eviota zonura X Eviota sp. A (undescribed) X X Eviota sp. (unidentified) X Exyrias belissimus Fusigobius sp. X Fusigobius gracilis X Exyrias puntang Glossogobius biocellatus Gnatholepis anjerensis Gnatholepis cauerensis X X Gobiodon citrinus Gobiodon quinquestrigatus Gobiodon sp. A (undescribed) X Istigobius decoratus X X Istigobius ornatus X Istigobius rigilius X Kelloggella cardinalis X Lotilia graciliosa Mahidolia mystacina Mugilogobius cavifrons Mugilogobius tagala

33 Mugilogobius villa Oplopomus oplopomus Oxyurichthys guibei Oxyurichthys ophthalmonema Oxyurichthys papuensis Palutrus reticularis Paragobiodon echinocephalus X Paragobiodon lacunicolus Periophthalmus argentilineatus Pleurosicya bilobatus Pleurosicya coerulea Pleurosicya muscarum Priolepis cinctus X X Priolepis inhaca Priolepis farcimen X Priolepis pallidicincta Priolepis semidoliatus X Psammogobiusbiocellatus X Redigobius bikolanus X Sicyopterus lagocephalus Sicyopus leprurus X X Sicyopus sp. cf. leprurus Stenogobius sp. C (undescribed) Stiphodon percnopterygionus Stiphodon sp. C (undescribed) Stiphodon elegans X Taenioides limicola Trimma caesiura X Trimma okinawae X Trimma naudei Trimma sp. X Trimma taylori Trimma tevegae Trimma unisquamis X

34 Helcogramma capidatum X Helcogramma sp. X Helcogramma chica X Norfolkia brachylepis X Ucla xenogrammus Blenniidae Alticus arnoldorum X X X X Aspidontus dussumieri Aspidontus taeniatus X X X X X Blenniella caudolineatus Blenniella cyanostigma X Blenniella chrysospilos X X X Blenniella gibbifrons X Blenniella paula X Cirripectes fuscoguttatus X Cirripectes polyzona Cirripectes quagga X Cirripectes vanderbilti X X X X X X X X X Cirripectes variolosus X X X X X X X X X X X Cirripectes spp. (more than 1 species) X X X X Ecsenius bicolor X X X X X X Ecsenius opsifrontalis X X X X X X Enchelyurus kraussi X Entomacrodus decussatus X Entomacrodus niuafooensis X Entomacrodus sealei X Entomacrodus stellifer Entomacrodus striatus X Entomacrodus thalassinus X Exallias brevis X X X X X X Glyptoparus delicatulus X Istiblennius bellus X Istiblennius edentulus X Istiblennius lineatus X

35 Trimmatom eviotops X X Valenciennea puellaris X X X Valenciennea sexguttata X Valenciennea strigata X X X X X X X X X X X X X X Valenciennea sp. (unidentified) X Vanderhorstia ambanoro Vanderhorstia ornatissima Vanderhorstia sp. A (undescribed) Kraemeriidae Kraemeria samoensis Microdesmidae Gunnellichthys curiosus X Gunnellichthys monostigma X X X Gunnellichthys pleurotaenia Gunnellichthys viridescens Nemateleotris decora X Nemateleotris helfrichi Nemateleotris magnifica X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X Parioglossus philippinus Ptereleotris evides X X X X X X X X X X X X Ptereleotris heteroptera X X X X X X X X X X X Ptereleotris lineopinnis Ptereleotris microlepis X X X X X X X Ptereleotris zebra X X X X X X X X X X X X X Ptereleotris sp. cf. hanae (undescribed) Xenisthmidae Xenisthmus polyzonatus X

Acanthuroidei Ephippidae Platax orbicularis X X Platax teira X X X X X X Scatophagidae Scatophagus argus X

36 Siganidae Siganus argenteus X X X X X X X X X Siganus corallinus Siganus lineatus X Siganus punctatus X X Siganus randalli X Siganus spinus X X X X Siganus vermiculatus Zanclidae Zanclus cornutus X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X Acanthuridae Acanthurus achilles X X X X X X X X Acanthurus blochii X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X Acanthurus dussumieri X X X X X X X X X X Acanthurus guttatus X X X X X X X X X X X X X X Acanthurus leucopareius X X X X X X X X X X X X Acanthurus lineatus X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X Acanthurus maculiceps Acanthurus mata X X X X X X X X X X Acanthurus nigricans X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X Acanthurus nigricauda X X X X X X X X X X X X X X Acanthurus nigrofuscus X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X Acanthurus nigroris X X X X X X X Acanthurus nubilus Acanthurus olivaceus X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X Acanthurus pyroferus X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X Acanthurus thompsoni X X X X X X X X Acanthurus triostegus X X X X X X X X X Acanthurus xanthopterus X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X Ctenochaetus binotatus X X X X X Ctenochaetus cyanocheilus X X Ctenochaetus hawaiiensis X X X X X X X X X X X X X X Ctenochaetus striatus X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X Ctenochaetus strigosus X X X X X X X X X

37 Naso annulatus X X X X X X X X Naso brachycentron X X Naso brevirostris X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X Naso caesius X X X X X X Naso hexacanthus X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X Naso lituratus X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X Naso lopezi X Naso thynnoides X Naso tonganus (tuberosus) X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X Naso unicornis X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X Naso vlamingii X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X Paracanthurus hepatus X X X X X X X X X X X Zebrasoma flavescens X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X Zebrasoma scopas X X X X X X X X Zebrasoma veliferum X X X X X X X X X X X X X X

Sphyraenoidei Sphyraenidae Sphyraena barracuda X X X X X X X X X X X X X X Sphyraena flavicauda X Sphyraena forsteri Sphyraena helleri Sphyraena jello X Sphyraena obtusata Sphyraena qenie X X X Sphyraena novaehollandiae X Sphyraena sp. (unidentified) X X X X

Scombroidei Gempylidae Diplospinus multistriatus Gempylus serpens Lepidocybium flavobrunneum X Neoepinnula orientalis

38 Nesiarchus nasutus Promethichthys prometheus X Ruvettus pretiosus X X Thyrsitoides marleyi X X X Xiphiidae Xiphias gladius Istiophoridae Istiophorus platypterus X Makaira indica Makaira mazara X X X X X X Tetrapturus angustirostris Tetrapturus audax Scombridae Acanthocybium solanderi X X X X X X X X X Auxis thazard X Euthynnus affinis X X X X X X X X Grammatorycnus bilineatus X X Gymnosarda unicolor X X X X X X X X X X X X X X Katsuwonus pelamis X X X X X X X X X X X X X Rastrelliger kanagurta Scomberomorus commerson Thunnus alalunga Thunnus albacares X X X X X X X X X X X X Thunnus obesus X Trichiuridae Evoxymetopon poeyi X Stromateoidei Nomeidae Psenes cyanophrys X Ariommatidae Ariomma evermanni X X

Pleuronectiformes Bothidae

39 Asterorhombus sp. A (undescribed) Bothus mancus X X Bothus pantherinus X Engyprosopon sp. (unidentified) Achiridae Achirus melanosticta X Soleidae Soleichthys heterorhinos

Tetraodontiformes Triacanthodidae Halimochirurgus alcocki Balistidae Balistapus undulatus X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X Balistoides conspicillum X X X X X X X X X X X Balistoides viridescens X X X X X X X X X X X X X X Canthidermis maculatus X X X X X Melichthys niger X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X Melichthys vidua X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X Odonus niger X X X X X X X X X X X X Pseudobalistes flavimarginatus X X X X X X X Pseudobalistes fuscus X X Rhinecanthus aculeatus X X X X X X Rhinecanthus rectangulus X X X X X X X X X X X Rhinecanthus verrucosus X X X X Rhinecanthus sp. (unidentified) X X X X Sufflamen bursa X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X Sufflamen chrysoptera X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X Sufflamen fraenatus Xanthichthys auromarginatus X X X X X X X Xanthichthys caeruleolineatus X X X X X X X X Xanthichthys mento X X Xanthichthys sp. (unidentified) X X Xenobalistes tumidipectoris X

40 Monacanthidae Aluterus monoceros Aluterus scriptus X X X X Amanses scopas X X X X X Cantherhines dumerilii X X X X X X X X X X X X Cantherhines fronticinctus Cantherhines pardalis X X X X X X X Oxymonacanthus longirostris X X Paraluteres prionurus X X X X Pervagor janthinosoma X X X Pervagor melanocephalus X Pervagor sp. X X Pseudalutarias nasicornis Ostraciidae Lactoria cornuta Lactoria diaphanum Lactoria fornasini X Ostracion cubicus X X X X X X Ostracion meleagris X X X X X X X X X X X X Triodontidae Triodon macropterus X X X X X Tetraodontidae Arothron hispidus X X X X X Arothron manillensis X Arothron mappa Arothron meleagris X X X X X X X X X X X X X X Arothron nigropunctatus X X X X X X X X X X X X X X Arothron stellatus X X X Arothron sp. (unidentified) X X X Canthigaster amboinensis X X X X Canthigaster bennetti X X Canthigaster compressa X X Canthigaster coronata X X X Canthigaster epilampra

41 Canthigaster janthinoptera X X X X Canthigaster leoparda Canthigaster solandri X X X X X X X X X Canthigaster valentini X X X X X Canthigaster sp. (unidentified) X X Lagocephalus lagocephalus Sphoeroides pachygaster X Diodontidae Chilomycterus reticulatus X Diodon holacanthus X Diodon hystrix X X X X X X X X X X Diodon liturosus Diodon sp. (unidentified) X Molidae Masturus lanceolatus Mola mola Ranzania laevis X X

42 Citations: A = CNMI Progress Report 1982--1987; B = CNMI Progress Report 1988--1992; C = CNMI Checklist 1996; D = CNMI Checklist 1998; E = CNMI Checklist 1999; F = FDM Qualitative Survey of Nearshore Habitat 1998; G = Amesbury S., ms. 1984; H = Rota Qualitative Assessment Surveys 1998; I = FDM Surveys 1999; J = Amesbury et al., 1977; K = Rota Marine Monitoring Team 2000; L = Reported in the literature; M = Myers, 1999; N = Donaldson et al., ms. 1993; O = Amesbury et al., 1979; P = Amesbury, 1988; Q = DFW Technical Report 94-04; R = Records on file at DFW; S = DFW observations in 2000; T = Type material; U = Reported by the USFWS in 1996; V = Specimen in the CNMI DFW Fish Collection; X = Marianas Rapid Assessment and Monitoring Program (MARAMP), NOAA CRED program 2005; Y = Kate A. Moots observations 2003; Z = Northern Islands Bottomfish Survey (NIBS) database; FB = FishBase.org, 1998 & website; W = DFW observations 2007/08 (Michael C. Tenorio/Steven C. Mckagan, Freshwater Invasive Survey); W1 = Marianas Rapid Assessment and Monitoring Program (MARAMP), NOAA CRED program 2007; W2 = DFW Observations 2010 (USFWS Pagan Survey); W3 = DFW Observation 2011(MPA survey,Market survey); W4 = DFW Observations 2012; W5 = DFW observations 2013; W6 = DFW observations 2014 (Tinian Derby, Market surveys, Fishers, NOAA NMFS Fisheries cruise)