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An Annotated Checklist of Fishes of Amami-Oshima Island, the Ryukyu Islands, Japan

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An Annotated Checklist of Fishes of Amami-Oshima Island, the Ryukyu Islands, Japan 国立科博専報，(52), pp. 205–361 , 2018 年 3 月 28 日 Mem. Natl. Mus. Nat. Sci., Tokyo, (52), pp. 205–361, March 28, 2018 An Annotated Checklist of Fishes of Amami-oshima Island, the Ryukyu Islands, Japan Masanori Nakae1*, Hiroyuki Motomura2, Kiyoshi Hagiwara3, Hiroshi Senou4, Keita Koeda5, Tomohiro Yoshida67, Satokuni Tashiro6, Byeol Jeong6, Harutaka Hata6, Yoshino Fukui6, Kyoji Fujiwara8, Takeshi Yama kawa9, Masahiro Aizawa10, Gento Shino hara1 and Keiichi Matsuura1 1 Department of Zoology, National Museum of Nature and Science, 4–1–1 Amakubo Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305–0005, Japan *E-mail: [email protected] 2 The Kagoshima University Museum, 1–21–30 Korimoto, Kagoshima 890–0065, Japan 3 Yokosuka City Museum, 95 Fukada-dai, Yokosuka, Kanagawa 238–0016, Japan 4 Kanagawa Prefectural Museum of Natural History, 499 Iryuda, Odawara, Kanagawa 250–0031, Japan 5 National Museum of Marine Biology & Aquarium, 2 Houwan Road, Checheng, Pingtung, 94450, Taiwan 6 The United Graduate School of Agricultural Sciences, Kagoshima University, 1–21–24 Korimoto, Kagoshima 890–0065, Japan 7Seikai National Fisheries Research Institute, 1551–8 Taira-machi, Nagasaki 851–2213, Japan 8 Graduate School of Fisheries, Kagoshima University, 4–50–20 Shimoarata, Kagoshima 890–0056, Japan 9 955–7 Fukui, Kochi 780–0965, Japan 10 Imperial Household Agency, 1–1 Chiyoda, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo 100–8111, Japan Abstract. A comprehensive list of fishes from Amami-oshima Island, the Ryukyu Islands, Japan, is reported for the first time on the basis of collected specimens and literature surveys. A total of 1615 species (618 genera, 175 families and 35 orders) are recorded with specimen registration numbers (if present), localities and literature references. Preliminary comparisons of fish faunas of the island with those of four island regions (Kashiwa-jima Island, the Ogasa wara Islands, Oki- nawa-jima Island and Yaku-shima Island) in southern Japan show that the fish fauna of Amami- oshima Island is most similar to that of Okinawa-jima Island. Key words: Fauna, biogeography, Chondrichthyes, Osteichthyes ronments have a rich biodiversity including Introduction many species endemic to Amami-oshima Island Amami-oshima Island, located between and its associated small islands, such as the vas- Kyushu and Okinawa-jima Island (Fig. 1), is the cular plants Nothapodytes amamianus (Icacina- second largest island in the Ryukyu Islands, next ceae) and Pieris amamioshimensis (Ericaceae), to Okinawa-jima Island. Amami-oshima Island is the amphibians Rhacophorus viridis amamiensis covered by large forests (ca. 65% of the land (Rhacophoridae), Babina subaspera, Rana kobai, area; KYUSYU Regional Forest Office, 2013) Odorrana amamiensi and O. splendida (Rani- and has many rivers (at least 53 rivers; see dae), the birds Scolopax mira (Scolopacidae) and Hayashi et al., 1992). The northernmost devel- Garrulus lidthi (Corvidae), and the mammal oped mangrove area in Japan (ca. 0.7 km2; see Pentalagus furnessi (Leporidae) (Mizuta, 2016). Asano and Setoguchi, 1995) is found on the east This has led the Ministry of Environment desig- coast of the island. The diverse terrestrial envi- nate the region as a national park of Japan (Min- 206 Masanori Nakae et al. unidentified species (e.g., Acanthurus spp.) col- lected at Amami-oshima Island, although he esti- mated that about 200 species, many of which were undescribed species occurred at the island. Schmidt surveyed the fishes of Amami-oshima and Okinawa-jima islands in 1926 and 1927 and published a list of fishes collected numbering 97 species, including four new species and one new subspecies from Amami-oshima Island (Schmidt, 1931a, b). In his taxonomic study of Japanese gobioids, Tomiyama (1936) recognized 100 spe- cies of gobies in Japan, including eight species from Amami-oshima Island. Aoyagi (1949a, b) was a pioneer in the study of coral reef fishes in Japan. His two publications included 11 species of coral reef fishes collected from Amami- oshima Island. After World War II many Japanese ichthyolo- gists visited Amami-oshima Island to study fishes on coral reefs and in fresh and brackish waters (e.g., Kamohara, 1957; Suzuki, 1964; Yama- kawa, 1971; Hayashi et al., 1992; see Table 1). However, no comprehensive faunal study of the fishes of Amami-oshima Island has been made, Fig. 1. Map of the study area from southern even with Yamakawa (1979) and Fujiyama Kyushu to Okinawa-jima Island. (2004) reporting ca. 350 species. When consider- ing the marine environmental diversity of istry of Environment, Government of Japan, Amami-oshima Island, the simple fact that only 2017). 350 species of fishes have been reported strongly As well as the diverse terrestrial environments, suggests that fishes of the island have been marine environments of Amami-oshima Island poorly studied. This speculation is based on fish are more diversified than those of the main faunal studies in other islands having similar islands of Japan. Coral reefs and mangrove for- marine environments: 801 species reported from ests are not found on the main islands, but they the Ogasa wara Islands by Randall et al. (1997b), are well developed in Amami-oshima Island and 844 species from Kashiwa-jima Island on the surrounding small islands, particularly along the southwestern corner of Shikoku by Hirata et al. coasts of Oshima Strait between Amami-oshima (1996), and 1277 species from Yaku-shima and Kareroma-jima islands. In addition to these Island by Motomura and Harazaki (2017). marine habitats, there are many small coves, tidal Ichthyologists of the National Museum of flats, estuaries, rocky reefs, and sandy beaches Nature and Science, together with colleagues of around Amami-oshima Island. the Kagoshima University Museum, Yokosuka The history of the study of the fishes of City Museum, and Kanagawa Prefectural Amami-oshima Island originated with a paper by Museum of Natural History, started a project to Jordan and Tanaka (1927) that reported 17 brack- study the fishes of Amami-oshima Island in ish and freshwater fishes (Table 1). Subsequently, 2013. Their collaborators also joined the project Uchida (1928) reported 43 species and at least 33 to help undertake field surveys and to examine Checklist of Fishes of Amami-oshima Island 207 Table 1. Publications reporting fishes from Amami-oshima and neighboring islands. Number of Literature Coverage species Jordan and Tanaka (1927) 17 Fishes from fresh and brackish waters in the Ryukyu Islands including Amami-oshima Island Uchida (1928) 43＋ Including many fishes not identified to species Schmidt (1931a, b) 97 Fishes of the Ryukyu Islands including Amami-oshima Island Aoyagi (1949a, b) 11 Fishes of the Ryukyu Islands including Amami-oshima Island Kamohara (1957) 187 Fishes of Amami-oshima and neighboring islands Suzuki (1964) 173 Marine fishes of Amami-oshima Island Kamohara and Yamakawa (1965) 63 Fishes of Amami-oshima and neighboring islands Kamohara and Yamakawa (1968a, b) 109 Fishes of Amami-oshima and neighboring islands Imai et al. (1968) 163 Marine fishes of Amami-oshima Island Yama kawa (1969, 1971) 71 Fishes of Amami-oshima and neighboring islands Yama kawa (1979) 338 Fishes of Amami-oshima and neighboring islands Shokita et al. (1989) 36 Fishes from fresh and brackish waters in Amami-oshima Island Hayashi et al. (1990) 71 Marine gobiids of Amami-oshima Island Shino miya and Ike (1992) 136 Fishes from fresh and brackish waters in Amami-oshima Island Hayashi et al. (1992) 118 Fishes from fresh and brackish waters in Amami-oshima Island Sakai et al. (2001) 59 Fishes from fresh and brackish waters in the Ryukyu Islands including Amami-oshima Island Fujiyama (2004) 369 Marine fishes of Amami-oshima Island Utsunomiya (2006) 261 Marine fishes of Amami-oshima Island Yoshigo (2014) 228 Fishes from fresh and brackish waters in the Ryukyu Islands including Amami-oshima Island fish specimens deposited at these museums. This was included in the study area (Fig. 2). Speci- fish faunal study was carried out in the period of mens were collected by four expeditions (8–16 2013–2017 under the “Biological Properties of Dec. 2013, 22–30 June 2014, 19–28 July 2015, Biodiversity Hotspots in Japan” project of the 2–9 Oct. 2016). As requested by the research National Museum of Nature and Science. This team, two collaborators, Mr. Sadao Yokoyama cooperative research has resulted in an annotated and Mr. Takanori Maekawa, collected many check list of 1615 species (618 genera, 175 fami- specimens from fish markets in Koniya on the lies and 35 orders) collected from Amami- south coast and Naze on the northwest coast of oshima Island and neighboring small islands. Amami-oshima Island, and sent them to NSMT, KAUM and YCM for examination. In addition to the specimens mentioned above, fishes deposited Materials and Methods at the Kanagawa Prefectural Museum of Natural Materials for this study were mainly collected History (KPM), Biological Laboratory, Imperial from Amami-oshima Island during the period of Palace, Tokyo (BLIP) and Coastal Branch of 2013–2017. In addition to the newly collected Natural History Museum and Institute, Chiba specimens, specimens in fish collections were (CMNH) were examined by Hiroshi Senou and examined to find fishes from Amami-oshima Masahiro Aizawa. Specimens found to have been Island at the following museums and universi- collected at Amami-oshima Island were included ties: National Museum of Nature and Science, in the list below. FishPix, a fish photograph data- (NSMT), Yokosuka City Museum (YCM), base (http://fishpix.kahaku.go.jp/fishimage-e/top. Kagoshima University Museum (KAUM), Labo- html) is a great tool for surveys of fish fauna of ratory of Marine Biology, Faculty of Science, Japan (Matsuura and Senou, 2012). This data- Kochi University (BSKU), and Kyoto University base was used to report fishes in this paper. The Museum (FAKU). Ka ke roma-jima Island lying photographic records of fishes provided below opposite the south coast of Amami-oshima Island have the registration number of photographs pre- 208 Masanori Nakae et al.
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