DOCSLIB.ORG

On the Identity of the Mangrove Crab, Paracleistostoma Eriophorum Nobili, 1903 (Crustacea: Brachyura: Camptandriidae)

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
On the Identity of the Mangrove Crab, Paracleistostoma Eriophorum Nobili, 1903 (Crustacea: Brachyura: Camptandriidae) Phuket mar. biol. Cent. Res. Bull. 70: 1–6 (2011) ON THE IDENTITY OF THE MANGROVE CRAB, PARACLEISTOSTOMA ERIOPHORUM NOBILI, 1903 (CRUSTACEA: BRACHYURA: CAMPTANDRIIDAE) Peter K. L. Ng 1, 2, Cheryl G. S. Tan 2 and Rueangrit Promdam 3 1Tropical Marine Science Institute and Raffles Museum of Biodiversity Research, National University of Singapore, 14, Science Drive 4, Singapore 117543, Republic of Singapore. 2Department of Biological Sciences, National University of Singapore, 14, Science Drive 4, Singapore 119260, Republic of Singapore. 3Reference Collection, Phuket Marine Biological Center, Phuket Marine Biological Center, P.O. Box 60, Phuket, 83000, Thailand. ([email protected]) Corresponding author: P. K. L. Ng, e-mail: [email protected] ABSTRACT: The identity of the poorly known camptandriid mangrove crab Paracleistostoma eriophorum Nobili, 1903, is clarified. It is shown to be a senior synonym of Paracleistostoma tweediei Tan & Humpherys, 1995, and the taxonomy of the species is discussed, with the range of the species extended to Thailand. Notes on its ecology are also provided. INTRODUCTION Paracleistostoma eriophorum Nobili, 1903: 23. - Manning & Holthuis, 1981: 209 (list) - Ng The camptandriid genus Paracleistostoma et al., 2008: 233, 234. De Man, 1895, is currently represented by eight Paracleistostoma wardi - Yang, 1979: 39 (list). species (Rahayu & Ng, 2003; Ng et al., 2008). - Harminto, 1988: 88 (nec P. wardi Rathbun, Ng et al. (2008: 233, 234) commented that the 1926). - Tan & Ng, 1994: 83 (list). poorly known Paracleistostoma eriophorum Paracleistostoma tweediei Tan & Humpherys, Nobili, 1903, was actually a senior synonym of 1995: 251, figs. 1–3. Paracleistostoma tweediei Tan & Humpherys, Paracleistostoma tweediei Tan & Ng, 1995: 608. 1995, but did not elaborate. We here redescribe and figure the type of Material examined. - Holotype male of P. Paracleistostoma eriophorum Nobili, 1903, and eriophorum (7.5 x 10.0 mm) (MZUT Cr1200, ex comment on its taxonomic relationships. 1531), Buntal, Sarawak, East Malaysia, don. R. Shelford, 1902. Others - SINGAPORE: 1 male MATERIALS AND METHODS (holotype of P. tweediei) (7.9 x 10.2 mm) (ZRC 1987.57), 8 males (paratypes of P. tweediei) (5.3 The terminology follows that in Tan & x 6.7 mm, 6.4 x 8.3 mm, 6.6 x 8.4 mm (ZRC Ng (1999). Measurements provided, in millimetres, 1987.60–62), 7.4 x 9.4 mm, 7.5 x 9.7 mm, 7.5 x are of the carapace length and width respectively. 10.0 mm, 8.3 x 10.7 mm, 8.8 x 11.5 mm (ZRC Specimens are deposited in the Museo Regionale 1987.57–59), Lim Chu Kang mangrove, coll. P. di Scienze Naturali (MZUT), Sezione di Zoologia, K. L. Ng & S. Harminto, 13 September 1986; 1 Turin, Italy; Zoological Reference Collection (ZRC) male (7.2 x 9.3 mm) (ZRC 1987.1382), of the Raffles Museum of Biodiversity Research, Woodlands, Singapore, coll. S, Harminto, 2 June National University of Singapore, Singapore; 1987. PENINSULAR MALAYSIA: 18 males (ZRC Phuket Marine Biological Centre (PMBC), Phuket, 1998.1007), Matang mangroves, Perak, coll. C. Thailand; and Queensland Museum (QM), G. S. Tan, 8 June 1995; 4 males (5.0–6.9 x 6.1– Brisbane, Australia. 8.8 mm) (ZRC 1998.998), Matang mangroves, Perak, coll. A. Ramli, M. Faizal, C. G. S. Tan, 10 Paracleistostoma eriophorum Nobili, 1903 June 1995. BRUNEI: 1 male (9.3 x 11.9 mm) (QM (Figs. 1, 2) W19967), Batu Marang, coll. N. A. Mackenzie, 2 Phuket mar. biol. Cent. Res. Bull. Figure 1. Paracleistostoma eriophorum Nobili, 1903. A, holotype male (7.5 x 10.0 mm) (MZUT Cr1200, ex 1531), Sarawak; B, C, male (7.6 x 9.6 mm) (ZRC), Thailand. A, B, overall views; C, left G1 in situ. March 1993. THAILAND: 1 male (7.6 x 9.6 mm), Type locality. - Buntal, Sarawak. 1 female (6.5 x 8.3 mm) (ZRC 2010.0071), 1 male (6.9 x 8.5 mm) (ZRC 2010.0072); 3 males (10.9 Diagnosis (holotype male of P. eriophorum). - x 8.3 mm, 10.4 x 8.0 mm, 10.0 x 7.7 mm), 3 Carapace surface smooth, slightly convex, broadly females (12.0 x 9.0 mm, 9.0 x 7.0 mm, 8.8 x 6.8 quadrangular, broader than long (1.2–1.3 times); mm) (PMBC 23738), mangroves, Khanom District, regions indistinct, epigastric lobes moderately low; Nakhon Srithammarat, Gulf of Thailand, coll. R. metagastric groove shallow. Front almost straight Promdam & A, Kaenphet, 23 June 2007. from dorsal view, upper surface slightly concave 3 Identity of the mangrove crab Figure 2. Paracleistostoma eriophorum Nobili, 1903. A, G–I, holotype male (7.5 x 10.0 mm) (MZUT Cr1200, ex 1531), Sarawak; B–F, male (7.9 x 10.2 mm) (ZRC 1987.57), holotype of P. tweediei Tan & Humpherys, 1995, Singapore. A, B, male abdomen; C, frontal view showing epistome; D, anterior part of male thoracic sternum; E, outer view of left chela; F, G, dorsal view of right carpus of cheliped; H, I, left G1 (setae not drawn). Scales: A, G = 0.5 mm; H, I = 1.0 mm. medially, anterolateral angles of front rounded; dense setae; posterolateral margin lined with small frontomedial projection triangular, apex rounded; granules, completely obscured by pubescence; orbital margins setose; supraorbital margin weakly posterior carapace margin straight. Anterior and granular, sinuous; infraorbital margin straight, finely posterior halves of epistome separated by median granular along central third, inner infraorbital tooth transverse ridge; postero medial-tooth broadly well developed, distinct from rest of infraorbital triangular, ending in small, pointed extremity, margin; suborbital ridge defined by line of granules; posterior margin on either side almost straight; posterolateral border and surfaces of carapace with sulcus separating epistome from anterior 4 Phuket mar. biol. Cent. Res. Bull. pterygostomian margin indistinct. Third maxilliped the appendages detached. Most of the setae on ischium broadly rectangular, outer distal margin the carapace have also been lost, although one can with row of long setae along outer half; merus discern where the main setose areas were (Fig. with well developed outer distal angle which is 1A). The distal part of the G1 of the holotype male bilobed, outer surface uneven, inverted V shaped is somewhat less swollen (Fig. 2H, I) compared sulci on outer surface indistinct. Chelipeds to the recent material (Fig. 1C), but this is almost subequal, enlarged; carpus subglobular, outer certainly because of its age and some dehydration. surface almost smooth, inner surface sparsely Paracleistostoma eriophorum appears to granular, inner dorsal edge finely beaded with be close to P. depressum and is distinguished from granules, appearing subcarinate, inner ventral edge all its congeners by the unique structure of the with large triangular granules, with short row of G1, which has the distal appendage modified to long setae.Ambulatory legs relatively long, densely form a spine like process. It is one of the two setose; first and last pairs of ambulatory legs Paracleistostoma species having the inner ventral almost equal in length, first pair with setae only on edge of the carpus lined with sharp granules, the dorsal surface of merus. Abdominal somites 2–5 only other Paracleistostoma species exhibiting this completely fused, sutures not discernible, suture condition being P. longimanum. Also, in P. between somites 2 and 3 visible only as short, eriophorum, the ridge below the infraorbital margin shallow grooves on either side of abdomen; somite is formed by a raised line of granules. This 1 broader than somite 2, with transverse mdian condition is also found in P. wardi. ridge; somite 6 shorter than telson, lateral margin Neither Nobili (1903) nor Tan & sinuous. G1 recurved, apex large, globular, with Humpherys (1991) described the epistome and the short but distinct submedian spine-like distal anterior sternal structure, and these are included appendage. in the present description (Fig. 2C, D). Only one female specimen of this species (from Thailand) Remarks. - Nobili’s (1903) description of is known. It closely resembles the male in all non- Paracleistostoma eriophorum was relatively sexual features except that the chelae are even detailed but he did not provide a figure. He more slender, and the patches of setae on the distinguished P.eriophorum from P.depressum and posterolateral regions are less clearly demarcated, P. cristatum by the unusually tomentose partially because there are also short setae on the ambulatory legs and the presence of two carinae dorsal parts of the carapace which are normally of long granules on the inferior and superior glabrous in males. The female abdomen is margins of the outer surface of the cheliped palm. subcircular, covers the thoracic sternum, and all Nobili (1903) also mentioned that the posterior the somites and telson are mobile. carapace, including the median branchial region Harminto (1988) recorded this species as and the area around the intestinal region, bears a P. wardi (Rathbun, 1926). His specimens were thick, short felt like tomentum, and the ambulatory examined and compared withAustralian specimens legs were covered with long, woolly setae with of P. wardi in the ZRC and were found to differ the dactyli bearing sulci and setae. From his significantly from the latter species in terms of comparisons, Serène (1974:64) noted “... it is the structures of the G1, epistome and male possible that eriophorum is a Leipocten or Baruna”. cheliped carpus. Tan & Ng (1994) had incorrectly After examining the type, there is no doubt recorded this species as P. wardi in their list of that P.eriophorum is a species of Paracleistostoma. mangrove Brachyura. AsnotedbyNget al. (2008), P.eriophorum Nobili, The figure of the frontal region and 1903, is a senior synonym of P. tweediei Tan & abdomen provided by Tan & Humpherys (1995) Humpherys (1995). The type specimens of both is somewhat inaccurate in that the inner infraorbital species are of similar size, and agree closely in all tooth is not clearly shown (Tan & Humpherys, characters.
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Crustacea: Decapoda: Brachyura) in Taiwan
    Bull. In st. Zoo!., Academia Sinica 31(3): 141-161 (1992) A REVIEW OF THE OCYPODID AND MICTYRID CRABS (CRUSTACEA: DECAPODA: BRACHYURA) IN TAIWAN JUNG-Fu HUANGl, HSIANG-PING Yu1 and MASATSUNE TAKEDA2 Graduate School of Fisheries, National Taiwan Ocean University, Keelung, Taiwan 20224, Republic of China! and Department of Zoology, National Science Museum, Tokyo 169, Japan 2 (Accepted September 24, 1991) Jung-Fu Huang, Hsiang-Ping Yu and Masatsune Takeda (1992) A review of the ocypodid and mictyrid crabs (Crustacea: Decapoda: Brachyura) in Taiwan. Bull. In st. Zool., Academia Sinica 31(3): 141-161. In this study, the crab families, Ocypodidae and Mictyridae, from Taiwan are reviewed. The Ocypodidae is repre­ sented by eight genera and twenty-five species, including Paracleistostoma depressum de Man (a newly recorded species from Taiwan) and the Mictyridae, which is represented by only species-Myctyris brevidactylus Stimpson. The main morpho­ logical, distributional, and ecological characters of these species-with their keys to all taxonomical ranks-are provided. Key words: Taiwan, Ocypodidae, Mictyridae. Mictyridae, which mainly inhabit estuar­ Taiwanese crab fauna were first ies and littoral areas. A total of 7 genera studied by Maki and Tsuchiya (1923), wbo and 17 species of the Ocypodidae, and 1 reported 11 families, 36 genera, and 61 genus and 1 species of the .l'viictyridae, species. Later, Sakai (1935), Miyake are described here; diagnostic keys and (1938), and Horikawz, (1940) added 7, 10, illu strations are also provided. Another . and 7 species, respectively. In 1949, Lin eight species of the genus Uca of the listed 21 families, 108 genera, and 222 Ocypodidae have been reported on eles­ species in his catalogu e of the brachyu­ where (Huang et al., 1989).
    [Show full text]
  • Pacific Plate Biogeography, with Special Reference to Shorefishes
    Pacific Plate Biogeography, with Special Reference to Shorefishes VICTOR G. SPRINGER m SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO ZOOLOGY • NUMBER 367 SERIES PUBLICATIONS OF THE SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION Emphasis upon publication as a means of "diffusing knowledge" was expressed by the first Secretary of the Smithsonian. In his formal plan for the Institution, Joseph Henry outlined a program that included the following statement: "It is proposed to publish a series of reports, giving an account of the new discoveries in science, and of the changes made from year to year in all branches of knowledge." This theme of basic research has been adhered to through the years by thousands of titles issued in series publications under the Smithsonian imprint, commencing with Smithsonian Contributions to Knowledge in 1848 and continuing with the following active series: Smithsonian Contributions to Anthropology Smithsonian Contributions to Astrophysics Smithsonian Contributions to Botany Smithsonian Contributions to the Earth Sciences Smithsonian Contributions to the Marine Sciences Smithsonian Contributions to Paleobiology Smithsonian Contributions to Zoo/ogy Smithsonian Studies in Air and Space Smithsonian Studies in History and Technology In these series, the Institution publishes small papers and full-scale monographs that report the research and collections of its various museums and bureaux or of professional colleagues in the world cf science and scholarship. The publications are distributed by mailing lists to libraries, universities, and similar institutions throughout the world. Papers or monographs submitted for series publication are received by the Smithsonian Institution Press, subject to its own review for format and style, only through departments of the various Smithsonian museums or bureaux, where the manuscripts are given substantive review.
    [Show full text]
  • On the Crabs of the Family Ocypodidae in the Collection of the Raffles Museum M. W. F. TWEEDIE
    Reprint from Bulletin of the Raffles Museum, Singapore, Straits Settlements, No. IS, August 1937 On the Crabs of the family Ocypodidae in the collection of the Raffles Museum hy M. W. F. TWEEDIE M. W. F. TWEEDIE On the Crabs of the Family Ocypodidae in the Collection of the Raffles Museum By M. W. F. TwEEDiE, M.A. The material described in this paper has been collected for the most part during the last four years, mainly in mangrove swamps around Singapore Island and at a few localities on the east and west coasts of the Malay Peninsula. The greater part of the paper and most of the figures were prepared at the British Museum (Natural History) during August and September, 1936, and my grateful acknowledgments are due to the Director for permission to work there and for facilities provided, and particularly to Dr. Isabella Gordon for her unfailing help and encouragement. I wish also to express my thanks to the Directorates of the Zoological Museums at Leiden and Amsterdam for permission to examine types, and for the helpfulness and courtesy with which I was received by the members of the staffs of these museums. Finally acknowledgments are due to Prof. Dr. H. Balss, Dr. B. N. Chopra and Dr. C. J. Shen for their kindness in comparing specimens with types and authentic specimens in their respective institutions. The mode adopted for collecting the material may be of interest to collectors of Crustacea, and possibly other invertebrate groups, in the tropics. It was found that if crabs, especially Grapsidse and Ocypodidse, are put straight into alcohol, they tend to die slowly and in their struggles to shed their limbs and damage each other, so that often less than 10% of the collection survive as perfect specimens.
    [Show full text]
  • Fishes of Terengganu East Coast of Malay Peninsula, Malaysia Ii Iii
    i Fishes of Terengganu East coast of Malay Peninsula, Malaysia ii iii Edited by Mizuki Matsunuma, Hiroyuki Motomura, Keiichi Matsuura, Noor Azhar M. Shazili and Mohd Azmi Ambak Photographed by Masatoshi Meguro and Mizuki Matsunuma iv Copy Right © 2011 by the National Museum of Nature and Science, Universiti Malaysia Terengganu and Kagoshima University Museum All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means without prior written permission from the publisher. Copyrights of the specimen photographs are held by the Kagoshima Uni- versity Museum. For bibliographic purposes this book should be cited as follows: Matsunuma, M., H. Motomura, K. Matsuura, N. A. M. Shazili and M. A. Ambak (eds.). 2011 (Nov.). Fishes of Terengganu – east coast of Malay Peninsula, Malaysia. National Museum of Nature and Science, Universiti Malaysia Terengganu and Kagoshima University Museum, ix + 251 pages. ISBN 978-4-87803-036-9 Corresponding editor: Hiroyuki Motomura (e-mail: [email protected]) v Preface Tropical seas in Southeast Asian countries are well known for their rich fish diversity found in various environments such as beautiful coral reefs, mud flats, sandy beaches, mangroves, and estuaries around river mouths. The South China Sea is a major water body containing a large and diverse fish fauna. However, many areas of the South China Sea, particularly in Malaysia and Vietnam, have been poorly studied in terms of fish taxonomy and diversity. Local fish scientists and students have frequently faced difficulty when try- ing to identify fishes in their home countries. During the International Training Program of the Japan Society for Promotion of Science (ITP of JSPS), two graduate students of Kagoshima University, Mr.
    [Show full text]
  • Bülent's High Energy Reef
    FOURTH QUARTER 2016 I VOLUME 10 Plectranthias pelicieri: ONE ASTONISHING PERCHLET BÜLENT’S HIGH ENERGY REEF BOXING SHRIMPS in the ring! Reef Hobbyist Magazine 1 FOURTH QUARTER 2016 | Volume 10 FEATURES Copyright © 2016 Reef Hobbyist Magazine. All rights reserved. ANNOUNCEMENTS KEEPING LPS HAPPY • Care to share your breeding or husbandry success with the world? We are Debora Długopolska lives in Poland always looking for interesting articles to share with our readers. Email us your 6 and has been keeping reefs for ideas through the "Contact Us" tab on our website. 4 years. During that time, she has refined her • Hard copy subscriptions are available to hobbyists in the United States! Scan the methodology with LPS and explains the approach that QR code below or visit us at www.reefhobbyistmagazine.com to subscribe. has brought her success and led to this beautiful tank. RHM-SPONSORED EVENTS PLECTRANTHIAS PELICIERI: ONE (our latest issues are available at these sponsored events) 12 ASTONISHING PERCHLET • Red River Reef & Reptile Expo: October 1, Fargo, ND Mindy van Leur has been a reefkeeper since the redriverreefandreptileexpo.com early 90s with an affinity for SPS corals and helping • Mid-Atlantic Marine Aquarium Expo: October 8, Chesapeake, VA new hobbyists. Mindy is understandably enchanted midatlanticmas.org/mamax-2016/ with her Pelicier’s Perchlet and shares its charms • Ladies Frag Swapping Bi-annual Frag Party: October 8, Sturgis, MI with our readers. • Reeftoberfest: October 15, Las Vegas, NV reefsoflasvegas.com/events NOT ANOTHER BRINE • Aquatic Experience: November 4-6, Chicago, IL SHRIMP ARTICLE aquaticexperience.org 18 Jason Oneppo is a 25-year veteran • Lonestar Marine Aquarist Rally: November 6, San Antonio, TX in the aquarium industry and has been doing R&D maast.org/lmar for San Francisco Bay Brand for more than a • Reef-A-Palooza: November 19-20, Costa Mesa, CA decade.
    [Show full text]
  • The Mangrove Forests As Nursery Habitats for the Ichthyofauna
    Journal of the Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom, 2014, 94(5), 865–877. # Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom, 2014 doi:10.1017/S0025315414000290 The mangrove forests as nursery habitats for the ichthyofauna of Mida Creek (Kenya, East Africa) laura gajdzik1,2,3, ann vanreusel1, nico koedam2, jan reubens1 and agnes wangui n. muthumbi4 1Marine Biology Research Group, Biology Department, University of Ghent, Krijgslaan 281, S8, B-9000 Gent, Belgium, 2Laboratory for Plant Biology and Nature Management, Free University of Brussel, Pleinlaan 2, B-1050 Brussel, Belgium, 3Present address: Laboratory of Functional and Evolutionary Morphology, University of Lie`ge, Alle´e de la chimie 3, B6c, B-4000 Lie`ge, Belgium, 4School of Biological Science, University of Nairobi, PO Box 30197-00100, Nairobi, Kenya This study investigated the presumed nursery function of mangroves for the ichthyofauna in East African swamp forests, Mida Creek. The species and size composition of the fish fauna and their trophic interactions were studied for five stations. Samples were collected during 5–6 consecutive days close to spring tide in mid-July 2011. Fish were caught using different types of passive fishing gear, such as large and small fyke nets, gill nets and, additionally, beach seines. All individuals were identified to species level, measured and preserved for further analyses. Stomach content analysis was applied to provide information about their diet. Stable isotope analysis was used to detect whether the source of primary production for the higher trophic levels is mangrove-related or not. A total of 27 fish species was recorded in a catch of 938 teleost speci- mens.
    [Show full text]
  • Catalog of Fishes Queries April 2017 Dennis Polack Fishwisepro Lineolatus, Apogon Rüppell [W
    Catalog of Fishes Queries April 2017 Dennis Polack Fishwisepro lineolatus, Apogon Rüppell [W. P. E. S.] 1829:47, Pl. 12 (fig. 1) [Atlas zu der Reise im nördlichen Africa. Fische des Rothen Meeres; ref. 3843] Massawa, Eritrea, Red Sea. •Permanently invalid, preoccupied by Apogon lineolatus Cuvier 1828 -- (T. Fraser, pers. comm. 9/2000). •Synonym of Archamia lineolata (Cuvier 1828) -- (T. Fraser, pers. comm. 9/2000). Current status: Synonym of Archamia lineolata (Cuvier 1828). Apogonidae: Apogoninae. Habitat: marine. Taeniamia lineolata : maculatus, Liparis Malm [A. W.] 1865:412 [Förhandlingar vid de Skandinaviske Naturforskarnes. v. 9; ref. 17596] Bukn, Bohüslän Island. No types known. Syntypes: NHMG 963 (1), 1233 (1) •Synonym of Liparis montagui (Donovan 1804) -- (Chernova 1991:28 [ref. 23263], Chernova et al. 2004:27 [ref. 27592], Chernova 2008:832 [ref. 30236]). Current status: Synonym of Liparis montagui (Donovan 1804). Liparidae. Habitat: marine. This record appears to be marked as not available but no mention of in synonymy. : crosnieri, Chirolophius (Pyrenophorus) Le Danois [Y.] 1975:77, Figs. 52, 59 [Mémoires du Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle Serie A Zoologie v. 91; ref. 2732] Of northwestern Madagascar, 12°44'08"S, 48°10'06"E, depth 563-570 meters. Holotype: MNHN 1973-0023. Paratypes: MNHN 1973-0024 to 0026 (1, 1, 1). Type catalog: Pietsch et al. 1986:135 [ref. 6339]. •Synonym of Lophiodes insidiator (Regan 1921) -- (Caruso 1981:527 [ref. 5169], Caruso 1986:364 [ref. 6290]). Current status: Synonym of Lophiodes insidiator (Regan 1921). Lophiidae. Habitat: marine. Off : carpophaga, Chalceus Valenciennes [A.] in Cuvier & Valenciennes 1850:252 [Histoire naturelle des poissons v.
    [Show full text]
  • Reef Fishes of the Bird's Head Peninsula, West
    Check List 5(3): 587–628, 2009. ISSN: 1809-127X LISTS OF SPECIES Reef fishes of the Bird’s Head Peninsula, West Papua, Indonesia Gerald R. Allen 1 Mark V. Erdmann 2 1 Department of Aquatic Zoology, Western Australian Museum. Locked Bag 49, Welshpool DC, Perth, Western Australia 6986. E-mail: [email protected] 2 Conservation International Indonesia Marine Program. Jl. Dr. Muwardi No. 17, Renon, Denpasar 80235 Indonesia. Abstract A checklist of shallow (to 60 m depth) reef fishes is provided for the Bird’s Head Peninsula region of West Papua, Indonesia. The area, which occupies the extreme western end of New Guinea, contains the world’s most diverse assemblage of coral reef fishes. The current checklist, which includes both historical records and recent survey results, includes 1,511 species in 451 genera and 111 families. Respective species totals for the three main coral reef areas – Raja Ampat Islands, Fakfak-Kaimana coast, and Cenderawasih Bay – are 1320, 995, and 877. In addition to its extraordinary species diversity, the region exhibits a remarkable level of endemism considering its relatively small area. A total of 26 species in 14 families are currently considered to be confined to the region. Introduction and finally a complex geologic past highlighted The region consisting of eastern Indonesia, East by shifting island arcs, oceanic plate collisions, Timor, Sabah, Philippines, Papua New Guinea, and widely fluctuating sea levels (Polhemus and the Solomon Islands is the global centre of 2007). reef fish diversity (Allen 2008). Approximately 2,460 species or 60 percent of the entire reef fish The Bird’s Head Peninsula and surrounding fauna of the Indo-West Pacific inhabits this waters has attracted the attention of naturalists and region, which is commonly referred to as the scientists ever since it was first visited by Coral Triangle (CT).
    [Show full text]
  • Taxonomic Research of the Gobioid Fishes (Perciformes: Gobioidei) in China
    KOREAN JOURNAL OF ICHTHYOLOGY, Vol. 21 Supplement, 63-72, July 2009 Received : April 17, 2009 ISSN: 1225-8598 Revised : June 15, 2009 Accepted : July 13, 2009 Taxonomic Research of the Gobioid Fishes (Perciformes: Gobioidei) in China By Han-Lin Wu, Jun-Sheng Zhong1,* and I-Shiung Chen2 Ichthyological Laboratory, Shanghai Ocean University, 999 Hucheng Ring Rd., 201306 Shanghai, China 1Ichthyological Laboratory, Shanghai Ocean University, 999 Hucheng Ring Rd., 201306 Shanghai, China 2Institute of Marine Biology, National Taiwan Ocean University, Keelung 202, Taiwan ABSTRACT The taxonomic research based on extensive investigations and specimen collections throughout all varieties of freshwater and marine habitats of Chinese waters, including mainland China, Hong Kong and Taiwan, which involved accounting the vast number of collected specimens, data and literature (both within and outside China) were carried out over the last 40 years. There are totally 361 recorded species of gobioid fishes belonging to 113 genera, 5 subfamilies, and 9 families. This gobioid fauna of China comprises 16.2% of 2211 known living gobioid species of the world. This report repre- sents a summary of previous researches on the suborder Gobioidei. A recently diagnosed subfamily, Polyspondylogobiinae, were assigned from the type genus and type species: Polyspondylogobius sinen- sis Kimura & Wu, 1994 which collected around the Pearl River Delta with high extremity of vertebral count up to 52-54. The undated comprehensive checklist of gobioid fishes in China will be provided in this paper. Key words : Gobioid fish, fish taxonomy, species checklist, China, Hong Kong, Taiwan INTRODUCTION benthic perciforms: gobioid fishes to evolve and active- ly radiate. The fishes of suborder Gobioidei belong to the largest The gobioid fishes in China have long received little group of those in present living Perciformes.
    [Show full text]
  • A Multifunction Trade-Off Has Contrasting Effects on the Evolution of Form and Function ∗ KATHERINE A
    Syst. Biol. 0():1–13, 2020 © The Author(s) 2020. Published by Oxford University Press, on behalf of the Society of Systematic Biologists. All rights reserved. For permissions, please email: [email protected] DOI:10.1093/sysbio/syaa091 Downloaded from https://academic.oup.com/sysbio/advance-article/doi/10.1093/sysbio/syaa091/6040745 by University of California, Davis user on 08 January 2021 A Multifunction Trade-Off has Contrasting Effects on the Evolution of Form and Function ∗ KATHERINE A. CORN ,CHRISTOPHER M. MARTINEZ,EDWARD D. BURRESS, AND PETER C. WAINWRIGHT Department of Evolution & Ecology, University of California, Davis, 2320 Storer Hall, 1 Shields Ave, Davis, CA, 95616 USA ∗ Correspondence to be sent to: University of California, Davis, 2320 Storer Hall, 1 Shields Ave, Davis, CA 95618, USA; E-mail: [email protected] Received 27 August 2020; reviews returned 14 November 2020; accepted 19 November 2020 Associate Editor: Benoit Dayrat Abstract.—Trade-offs caused by the use of an anatomical apparatus for more than one function are thought to be an important constraint on evolution. However, whether multifunctionality suppresses diversification of biomechanical systems is challenged by recent literature showing that traits more closely tied to trade-offs evolve more rapidly. We contrast the evolutionary dynamics of feeding mechanics and morphology between fishes that exclusively capture prey with suction and multifunctional species that augment this mechanism with biting behaviors to remove attached benthic prey. Diversification of feeding kinematic traits was, on average, over 13.5 times faster in suction feeders, consistent with constraint on biters due to mechanical trade-offs between biting and suction performance.
    [Show full text]
  • Venom Evolution Widespread in Fishes: a Phylogenetic Road Map for the Bioprospecting of Piscine Venoms
    Journal of Heredity 2006:97(3):206–217 ª The American Genetic Association. 2006. All rights reserved. doi:10.1093/jhered/esj034 For permissions, please email: [email protected]. Advance Access publication June 1, 2006 Venom Evolution Widespread in Fishes: A Phylogenetic Road Map for the Bioprospecting of Piscine Venoms WILLIAM LEO SMITH AND WARD C. WHEELER From the Department of Ecology, Evolution, and Environmental Biology, Columbia University, 1200 Amsterdam Avenue, New York, NY 10027 (Leo Smith); Division of Vertebrate Zoology (Ichthyology), American Museum of Natural History, Central Park West at 79th Street, New York, NY 10024-5192 (Leo Smith); and Division of Invertebrate Zoology, American Museum of Natural History, Central Park West at 79th Street, New York, NY 10024-5192 (Wheeler). Address correspondence to W. L. Smith at the address above, or e-mail: [email protected]. Abstract Knowledge of evolutionary relationships or phylogeny allows for effective predictions about the unstudied characteristics of species. These include the presence and biological activity of an organism’s venoms. To date, most venom bioprospecting has focused on snakes, resulting in six stroke and cancer treatment drugs that are nearing U.S. Food and Drug Administration review. Fishes, however, with thousands of venoms, represent an untapped resource of natural products. The first step in- volved in the efficient bioprospecting of these compounds is a phylogeny of venomous fishes. Here, we show the results of such an analysis and provide the first explicit suborder-level phylogeny for spiny-rayed fishes. The results, based on ;1.1 million aligned base pairs, suggest that, in contrast to previous estimates of 200 venomous fishes, .1,200 fishes in 12 clades should be presumed venomous.
    [Show full text]
  • PLATE IV. (A) Macrophthalmus Latifrons (A.M. No. P7266) $ Dorsal Surface
    PLATE IV. (a) Macrophthalmus latifrons (A.M. No. P7266) $ dorsal surface. (b) Australoplax tridentata (Z.D.U.Q.) $ dorsal surface. (c) Cleistostoma wardi (A.M. No. PI 5161) S dorsal surface. (d) Paracleistostoma mcneilli (A.M. No. PI2907) S dorsal surface. THE MACROPHTHALMINAE OF AUSTRALASIA 231 Male cheliped. (a) Merus. Completely without granules; inner surface densely hairy. (b) Carpus. Without granules, and with very few hairs. (c) Palm. Inflated, large, with length slightly exceeding breadth. Upper and lower margins smooth. Outer surface without granules, except on slightly raised longitudinal ridge, close to and subparallel with lower margin; inner surface without granules, with distally dense mat of hair (continuous with those of immovable finger and dactylus). (d) Immovable finger. Undeflexed. Outer surface smooth except for continuation of longitudinal ridge on palm; inner surface heavily hairy. Lower margin smooth; cutting margin with large, semi-circular, hair fringed concavity at base, long low crenulated tooth in proximal half, small granules in distal half, extreme tip granuleless and deflexed. (e) Dactylus. Curved. Outer surface smooth; inner surface heavily hairy. Upper margin smooth; cutting margin with large rectangular tooth near base, with few granules distally. Upper margins of pereiopod meri fringed with hair, distal segments very hairy. Male abdomen. Lateral margins of fourth, fifth and sixth segments straight. External maxilliped. Internal margin of ischium straight or slightly convex; external margin concave. Internal margin of merus convex; external margin straight. First male pleopod slightly curved; with well developed terminal lobe, and hair on extreme distal portion of internal margin. Dimensions and relative proportions Carapace breadth (mm) 3-5 5 0 7 0 9 0 10-5 Carapace breadth 1-27 1 -31 1-32 1-33 1-34 Carapace length Length of chela ) <? 0-46 0-60 0-74 0-84 0-90 Carapace breadth 1 ? — 0-43 0-43 0-43 — Carapace breadth 3-60 3-80 3-85 3-91 3-92 Breadth of front Distribution.
    [Show full text]