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Die Gattung Erratencrinurus Krueger, 1971 (Trilobita; Ordovizium) Aus Baltoskandischen Geschieben

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Die Gattung Erratencrinurus Krueger, 1971 (Trilobita; Ordovizium) Aus Baltoskandischen Geschieben Mitt. Mus. Nat.kd. Berl.. Geowiss. Reihe 7 (2004) 69-132 10.10.2004 Die Gattung Erratencrinurus Krueger, 1971 (Trilobita; Ordovizium) aus baltoskandischen Geschieben Hans-Hartmut Krueger' Mit 15 Tafeln und 10 Abbildungen Zusammenfassung Aus der mittel- bis oberordovizischen Trilobitenfamilie Encrinuridae, die in Baltoskandia durch die Untergattungen Erraten- crinurus und Celtencrinurus reprasentiert wird, werden achtzehn Arten beschrieben, darunter die vier neuen Arten Erratencri- nurus (E.) sellinensis, E. (E.) heinrichi, E. (E.) praecapricornu und E. (E.) rhebergeni. Das iiberwiegende Material stammt aus dem schwer zu praparierenden Ostseekalk. Die Tripp'sche Tuberkelformel wurde der Errarencrinurus-Gruppe angepasst; innerhalb der Erratencrinurus-Gruppe konnen drei verschiedene Schilder-Typen des scutum rostrale nachgewiesen werden. Unterschiedliche Tuberkeltypen bis hin zu extremen Stacheln wurden beschrieben. AuRerdem kann eine Reduzierung von drei Thoraxialstacheln im Mittelordovizium zu einem im oberen Oberordovizium festgestellt werden. Verschiedene Regionen des Panzers von Erratencrinurus (E.) sellinensis, die Porenkanale besitzen, werden dargestellt. Ein neuer Hautungstyp kann an Panzerhemden von Erratencrinurus (E.) seebachi beschrieben werden. Schliisselworter: Trilobiten, Encrinuridae, Mittel- bis Oberordovizium, Taxonomie, Phylogenie Abstract In Baltoscandia the Middle to Late Ordovician trilobite family Encrinurida is represented by the two subgenera Erratencrinu- rus and Celtencrinurus. Out of these 18 species, four new species are described herein. Most of the material comes from the Ostseekalk which is an extremely hard rock and thus difficult to preparate. The tubercle formula after Tripp is applied to the Erratencrinurus group and led to the distinction of three different types of scutum rostrale shields. Various types of tubercles which may even pass into extreme spines are described. The number of thoracic spines becomes reduced from three spines in Middle Ordovician taxa to a single spine in youngest Ordovician species. Different parts of the carapace of Erratencrinurus sellinensis with pore canals are illustrated and a new moulting type of E. seebachi is introduced. New species are E. sellinensis. E. heinrichi, E. praecapricornu and E. (E.) rhebergeni. Key words: Trilobita, Encrinuridae, Ordovican, Baltoscandia, taxonomy, phylogeny Einleitung plex bekannt, der jetzt in Nabala-Vormsi-Stufe gliedert wird, die von Schmidt (1881) zu E. mul- Vor uber 30 Jahren wurden vom Verfasser einige tisegmentatus gestellt wurden. Mannil (1958) be- neue Encrinuriden aus eiszeitlichen Geschieben schrieb aus Estland Encrinurus moe aus der beschrieben (Krueger 1971). Aus Baltoskandia, Vormsi-Pirgu-Stufe. Aus dem Oslogebiet machte woher die Geschiebe stammen, waren nur sehr Owen (1981) die Arten Erratencrinurus (E.) im- wenige Encrinuridenarten aus dem Ordovizium perfectus, E. (E.) brutoni, E. (C.) kiaeri sowie bekannt. Dazu zahlen die Reste von Encrinurus Owen & Heath (1989) E. (E.)inopinatus bekannt. striatus (Angelin, 1854) aus dem Leptaenakalk Dazu kommen zwei ordovizische Encrinuriden- des Siljan-Gebietes in Schweden. Aus Estland funde aus Geschieben; Roemer (1861) und Kie- wurde Encrinurus seebachi Schmidt, 1881 aus sow (1884) bildeten Kopf- und Pygidienreste ab. dem Wesenberger Kalk, der jetzigen Rakvere- Das dem Verfasser (Krueger 1971) zur Verfiigung Stufe gut beschrieben. Auljerdem waren Reste stehende Material war oft unvollstandig und von Encrinurus aus dem Lyckholmer Stufenkom- durch das uberwiegende Fehlen aussagefahiger Institut fur Palaontologie, Museum fur Naturkunde der Humboldt-Universitat zu Berlin, InvalidenstraRe 43, D-10115 Berlin, Germany. Erhalten Februar 2004, angenommen Juni 2004 0 2004 WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim 70 kueger, H.-H., Gattung Erratencrinurus Krueger, 1971 Begleitfaunen in einigen Fallen nicht richtig ein- die feinkomigen, festen, bankigen Lagen sind in der Regel etwas dunner als bei den alteren Ostseekalken. E. (E.) nebe- gestuft worden. ni ist ein charakteristischer Trilobit in diesem Kalk. Er kann In den siebziger Jahren wurden gezielte Auf- aber auch schon in Kalken von graulicher Farbe rnit roten sammlungen an der Ostseekiiste und im nord- bis braunroten Partien im oberen Teil der Nabala-Stufe FI, deutschen Flachland durchgefiihrt. Umfangrei- vorkommen. Die jiingeren Encrinuriden aus der Pirgu-Stufe FI, und der Porkuni-Stufe FII sind bis jetzt nur aus mittel- bis ches neues Material von Ermtencrinunu, unter grobkornigen Kalken von weiBgrauer bis braunroter Farbe anderem einige vollstandige Panzer sowie eine bekannt. aussagefahige Begleitfauna, erforderte eine Neu- Die vorgestellten Kalkgesteinstypen sind als Geschiebe durch die letzten drei Eiszeiten weit nach Siiden in die Ge- bearbeitung. biete siidlich der Ostsee verfrachtet worden. Vor allem der Ostseekalk ist sehr widerstandsfahig. Er ist von Lettland iiber Polen und die Norddeutsche Tiefebene bis zu den Nie- derlanden als Geschiebe anzutreffen. Die Heimat des Ostsee- Material kalkes ist im siidlichen Teil des Bottnischen Meerbusens und den Aland-Inseln anzunehmen (siehe Wiman 1907, Metzger 1927. Ludwig 1967). Haufiges Vorkommen von Macrourus- Aufbewahrung des Materials kalkgeschieben an der siidlichen Ostkiiste von Oland lasst ein Anstehen des Macrouruskalkes ostlich der Insel am Das iiberwiegende Material wurde vom Verfasser zusammen- Boden der Ostsee vermuten. Alle anderen Kalktypen des getragen und ist im Institut fur Palaontologie am Museum oberen Oberordoviziums stammen aus dem mittleren bis fur Naturkunde der Humboldt-Universitat zu Berlin hinterlegt nordlichen Teil der Ostsee. (MB.T.-Nummern). Weiteres Material liegt in der Sammlung des Geologisch-Palaontologischen Institutes und Museums der Universitat Gottingen (IMGPGO 104- 1 bis 104-5) sowie des Geologisch-Palaontologischen Institutes der Universitat Hamburg (4400-4404). Das Material aus der Sammlung Stratigraphie der Erratencrinums-Arten Rhebergen (Emmen) wird im Nationaal Natuurhistorisch MuseundNaturalis, Leiden. aufbewahrt (RGM283582, AuBer Erratencrinurus (E.) kauschi aus dem Macrouruskalk 283595-283600). Ein Exemplar liegt im Senckenberg-Mu- der Keila-Stufe Dl~p,aus dem oberen Mittelordovizium (Vi- seum, Frankfurt am Main (SMF78999). ruan), stammen alle Erratencrinurus-Arten aus dem Ober- ordovizium der Stufe E-FLI(Harjuan). Eine ausreichende Begleitfauna lasst die einzelnen Arten Gesteinstypen stratigraphisch sicher einordnen. Die zeitliche Abfolge wird gestutzt durch die phylogenetischen Zusammenhange zwischen den einzelnen Arten (Abb. 10) Panzerreste von Erratencrinurus konnten in verschiedenen Kalksteintypen beobachtet werden. Der alteste bekannte Er- ratencrinurus (E.) kausclii kommt im Macrouruskalk vor. ein stark mit sandigen Partien durchsetzter Kalkstein. Die Fauna setzt sich iiberwiegend aus zerfallencn Trilobitenteilen sowie Brachiopoden und Schnecken zusammen. Selten sind die Praparation und Fotografie Fossilreste durch Druck deformiert. Im frischen Zustand sind diese Kalkgeschiebe oft sehr fest. Die Farbe ist iiberwiegend Die kleinen, feingliedrigen, oft stark bestachelten Panzerteile graubraun bis weialichgelb rnit mehr oder weniger groBen fallen beim Zerschlagen der dichten Kalkblocke nie heraus. griinlichen Partien durchsetzt. Sie sind nur im Schnitt erkennbar und werden daher haufig Die Erratencrinuriden des oberen Caradocs und tiefen iibersehen. Die Praparation des Materials aus diesen dichten Ashgills konnten bis jetzt nur in sehr dichten. feinkornigen Kalken ist sehr zeitaufwendig und schwierig. Ein Kopf kann Kalken (Calcilutiten). den Wimanschen Ostseekalken (siehe beispielsweise mit iiber siebzig mehr oder weniger groRen Wiman 1907) nachgewiesen werden. Uberwiegend setzen Tuberkeln und Stacheln versehen sein. Die Praparation der sich diese Kalke aus 10-15 cm dicken, feinkornigen dichten Panzerteile erfolgte mit feinen Stahlnadeln, die in Haltehef- Lagen zusammen. die meistens durch diinne mergelige bis do- ten befestigt sind sowie mit Dentalschleifkorperchen. Andere lomitische Bander getrennt sind. Fossilien sind nur selten vor- Praparationsmethoden wie Druckluftstichel, Air Brasiv oder handen: sie sind oft nestartig angereichert und von unter- konzentrierte Essigsaure erwiesen sich als nicht brauchbar. schiedlicher Erhaltung. In den weicheren Zwischenlagen sind Auch die Praparation mit der Nadel erfordert eine gewisse die Organismenreste flachgedriickt. Die abgebildeten Panzer- Erfahrung, um stark skulptierte Fossilreste aus dem dichten reste stammen alle aus dichten Kalklagen fast ohne Begleit- Ostseekalk heraus zu praparieren. Ubenviegend umschlieht fauna. Diese Kalklagen sind in geschutzten Bereichen abge- der dichte Kalk die Schalenteile so fest, dass eine Unstetig- lagert worden, da sich die Panzerhemden noch in der keitsflache fehlt und Risse durch den Druck der spitzen Nadel Stellung befinden. in der sie von den Tieren verlassen wur- quer durch einen Tuberkel verlaufen konnen bzw. Stichmar- den. Ansatze zu etwas dickeren, dolomitischen Zwischenla- ken der Nadel auf der Schalenoberflache nicht zu vermeiden gen treten im oberen Teil der Rakvere-Stufe auf. Im mitt- sind. leren Teil der Nabala-Stufe FI, sind viele Lagen stark Wie zeitaufwendig die Praparation der Encrinuriden ist, dolomitisiert, so dass gerade Trilobitenreste stark angelost zeigt das Beispiel eines Panzers von Erratencrinurus (E.) see- oder nur noch als kaum ansprechbare Steinkeme gefunden bachi. dessen Fertigstellung ca. 400 Stunden dauerte (Taf:
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