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Stratigraphy, Structure and Early Paleozoic Gastropoda of the Callahan Area, Klameth Mountains, California

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Stratigraphy, Structure and Early Paleozoic Gastropoda of the Callahan Area, Klameth Mountains, California AN ABSTRACT OF THE THESIS OF David Malcolm Rohr for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in Geology presented on 15 June 1977 Title:STRATIGRAPHY, STRUCTURE, AND EARLY PALEOZOIC GASTROPODA OF THE CALLAHAN AREA, KLAMATH MOUNTAINS, CALIFORNIA Redacted for Privacy Abstract approved: A. IV Boucot The sedimentary, metamorphic, and igneous rocks of the Callahan, California area formed on, or adjacent to, a Lower Paleo- zoic island arc complex which has since been tectonically disrupted. Sandstone, shale, lithic wacke, chert, banded quartzite, siliceous mudstone, conglomerate, and limestone of the eastern Klamath belt were deposited from the Middle Ordovician through the Early Devonian on top of the peridotite of the Early? Ordovician Trinity ophiolitic complex.Shallow water deposition began in the Middle Ordovician with the Facey Rock Limestone.Sandstone, siltstone, and shale of the Moffett Creek Formation probably formed as turbidity flows adjacent to the arc and were later disrupted, possibly at shallow depths in a subduction zone.Other units in the Callahan area (Calla- han Chert, Gazelle Formation, quartzite of Squaw Gulch, siliceous mudstone of Thompson Gulch) may have formed in basins on the Moffett Creek Formation. The Moffett Creek Formation was derived from a primarily plutonic-metamorphic terrane, possibly a deeply eroded arc complex, while the overlying Gazelle Formation was derived from a primarily calc-alkaline volcanic source. Amphibolite and impure marbles of the Grouse Ridge Formation, which have an Early or Middle Devonian age of metamorphism, are present in the Callahan area.Jurassic-Cretaceous diorite and quartz diorite batholiths intrude the Paleozoic rocks to the west and south. The structure of the area is dominated by faults including a major steeply dipping north-south, fault separating the eastern Klamath belt from the central metamorphic belt, the Mallethead thrust fault separating upper plate phyllite and metasandstone from underlying sedimentary rocks, and a fault between at least some of the sedimentary rocks and the underlying peridotite.Facey Rock represents an isolated klippe of what once was apparently a much more extensive thrust sheet. Eighty species and forms of lower Paleozoic mollusks are described including 71 gastropods, 2 pelecypods, 2 rostroconchs, and 5 polyplacophorans.Six new genera and 7 species of gastropods are described: Biformispira isaacsoni, Boucotspira fimbriata, Ellisella greggi, Linsleyella ohnsoni, Paraliospira gradata and P. planata, and Siskiyouspira vostokovaena.In addition 13 new species are described: Maclurites klamathensis, Helicotoma griffini, H. olsoni, Mourlonia? perryi, Trochonemella mikulici, Holopea elizabethi, H. brucei, H. glindmeyeri, Gyronema liljevalli, Murchisonia (Murchisonia) callahanensis, and Coelocaulus rodneyi. Most of the specimens are silicified and are from limestone clasts in conglomerates and range in age from Middle Ordovician to Early Devonian with most specimens being Ordovician.Additional attention was given to the operculate gastropod Maclurites ,a genus found in carbonate rocks worldwide.Four types of shell and 3 types of opercula were recovered in one bed indicating that the genus may be too broadly defined. Three molluscan communities are defined: Lophospira com- munity, Murchisonia community, and Maclurites community.The communities apparently existed in shallow subtidal environments, each being slightly deeper than the preceding. This is the first extensive study to be made of the lower Paleozoic Gastropoda of western North America. Stratigraphy, Structure, and Early Paleozoic Gastropoda of the Callahan Area, Klamath Mountains, California by David Malcolm Rohr A THESIS submitted to Oregon State University in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy Commencement June 1978 APPR.OVED: Redacted for Privacy Professor of Veolcigly in charge of major Redacted for Privacy Actini Head of Department of Geology Redacted for Privacy Dean of Graduate School Date thesis is presented 15 June1977 Typed by Opal Grossnicklaus for David Malcolm Rohr ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS The assistance and advice of many people during theprepara- tion of this thesis is gratefully acknowledged.Professor A.J. Boucot suggested the project and provided suggestions, help, andencourage- ment during field work and the paleontologic portion of the thesis. Dr. Ellis Yochelson of the U. S. Geological Surveygave invaluable assistance with the gastropods as well as sharing the hospitality of his home during a visit to the U. S. National Museum. Valuable pale- ontologic data was provided by Dr. Carl Rexroad of the Indiana Geological Survey (Silurian conodonts), Prof. Stig BergstrOm of Ohio State University (Ordovician conodonts), Mr. A. W. Potter of Oregon State University (preliminary brachiopod identification), Dr. John Pojeta of the U. S. G. S.(Ordovician pelecypods and rostroconchs), and Prof. Norman Savage of the University of Oregon (Devonian conodonts).I have greatly benefited from field conferences and dis- cussion of the geology of the Klamath Mountains with Ms. Nancy Lindsley-Griffin of the University of California at Davis, Dr. Preston Hotz of the U. S. Geological Survey, Dr. W. R.. Danner of the Univer- sity of British Columbia, Dr. R. 3. Ross of the U. S. Geological Survey, Prof. A. R. Niem of Oregon State University, Dr. John R. Griffin of Bendix Corporation, and Mr. M. B. McCollum of Inter- national Paper. Assistance in field work and fossil collecting was provided by Ms. Nan Lindsley-Griffin, Mr. A. W. Potter, Prof. A. J. Boucot, Dr. William Dean, and Sgt. J.R.. Glindmeyer.Very special thanks are extended to Mr. Rodney Gregg of Gregg Ranch for his assistance in locating and collecting fossil localities, his friendship and hospital- ity, and his sharing of his knowledge of the geology of the Klamath Mountains. I am grateful to Mr. Rodney Hamilton, Mr. Steve Farrington, Mr. and Mrs. Roy Monroe and the majority of the people of the Callahan area who made field seasons more pleasant. Advice during the preparation of the manuscript was provided by Dr. E.L. Yochelson and Profs. A.J. Boucot, J.G. Johnson, and K. F. Oles, and E.J. Dasch.Financial support for the project was provided by National Science Foundation grants to A. J. Boucot and Geological Society of America Penrose Research Grants. TABLE OF CONTENTS PART I: GEOLOGY INTRODUCTION 1 Location and Accessibility 1 Purpose and Methods of Investigation 1 Topography, Climate, and Vegetation 2 Exposures 3 Previous Work 3 ECONOMIC GEOLOGY 4 STR.ATIGR.APHY 6 Regional Stratigraphy 6 Local Stratigraphy 8 Facey Rock Limestone 8 Banded Quartzite of Squaw Gulch 16 Moffett Creek Formation 20 Siliceous Mudstone of Thompson Gulch 26 Graywacke of Long Gulch 29 Callahan Chert 35 Gazelle Formation 41 Unnamed Conglomerate 47 Cenozoic Cemented Breccias 48 Cenozoic Colluvium, Landslide Deposts, and Alluvium 49 Ultramafic Rocks 49 Russian Peak and Craggy Peak Batholiths 53 Diorite of Uncertain Age 54 Impure Marbles of the Grouse Ridge Formation 56 Amphibolite of the Grouse Ridge Formation 58 Undifferentiated Rocks of the Duzel Phy llite and Sissile Gulch Graywacke 59 On the Merit of Retaining the Formation Names Duzel and Gazelle 63 STRUCTURAL GEOLOGY 66 Introduction 66 Faults 66 Thrust Faults 66 Normal Faults and High-Angle Reverse Faults 69 Folds 70 GEOLOGIC HISTORY 72 Previous Work 72 Present Work 77 PART II: PALEONTOLOGY INTRODUCTION 83 Purpose 83 Stratigraphy of the Localities 83 Method of Study 85 Previous Work 86 Ecology 89 Conclusions 94 Paleoecology 94 Taxonomy and Biogeography 98 SYSTEMATIC PALEONTOLOGY 102 indet. bellerophontacean 102 Tropidodiscus (Peruniscus) sp. 104 Temnodiscus euryomphalus (LindstrOm) 1884 107 Megalomphala? sp. 11 0 1AeLalE.om contorta (Eichwald) 1860 111 Maclurites klamathensis n.sp. 124 M. sp. A 128 M. aff. M crassus Ulrich and Scofield, 1897 130 M sp. B. 1 31 M. sp. C. 133 Maclurites operculum type 1 1 36 M. operculum type 2 1 36 M. operculum type 3 137 M. operculum type 4 138 Helicotoma griffini n.sp. 1 39 H. olsoni n.sp. 143 Boucotspira fimbriata n. gen. and sp. 145 Ophilerina aff. 0. sublaxa Ulrich and Scofield, 1897 148 Lytospira sp. 150 Ecculiomphalus sp. 154 Lesueurilla cf.L. marginalis (Eichwald), 1860 155 ?Pachystrophia cf. P. devexa (Eichwald), 1859 158 Straparollus (EuomphalTsYsT. 160 Biformispira isaacsoni n.gen. and sp. 162 Ellisella greggi n.sp. and gen. 164 Linsleyella ohnsoni n. gen. and sp. 165 new genus A 167 Liospira helena (Billings), 1860 168 Liospira modesta Ulrich and Scofield, 1897 169 Paraliospira angulata (Ulrich), 1897 172 Paraliospira mundula (Ulrich), 1897 174 P. gradata n. gen. and sp. 175 P. planata n. gen. and sp. 177 Mourlonia? perryi n.sp. 178 Eotomaria sp. A 180 E. sp. B. 180 Loxoplocus cf.L. (Lophospira) sumnerensis (Safford) 181 L.(L. ) perangulata (Hall), 1847 183 L. cf.L. (L. ) medialis Ulrich and Scofield, 1897 186 L. cf.L. (L.) procera Ulrich, 1897 187 L.(L. ) sp. 188 Trochonemella? mikulici n.sp. 189 Siskiyouspira vostokovaena n. gen. and sp. 191 Euryzone petilitornata Linsley, 1968 193 Coelozone? aff. C. fascinata Linsley,1 968 194 n. genus aff. Euomphalopterus 196 Euomphalopterus ? sp. 197 Trochonema cf.T. Eunema salteri Ulrich and Scofield, 1897 199 Holopea elizabethi n.sp. Z05 H. brucei n.sp. Z07 H. glindmeyeri n.sp. 208 H. sp. 209 Raphispira ? sp. 21 0 Gyronema liljevalli n.sp. 21 2 G. aff.G. historicum (Hudson), 1905 213 Cyclonema (Cyclonema) sp. 217 Platyceras (Platystoma) sp. 219 Murchisonia (Murchisonia) sp. A 220 M. (14)
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