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Homeomorphic Gastropods from the Silurian of Norway, Estonia and Bohemia

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Homeomorphic Gastropods from the Silurian of Norway, Estonia and Bohemia Homeomorphic gastropods from the Silurian of Norway, Estonia and Bohemia MARE ISAKAR, JAN OVE R. EBBESTAD & JOHN S. PEEL Isakar, M,. Ebbestad, J. O. R. & Peel, J. S.: Homeomorphic gastropods from the Silurian of Norway, Estonia and Bohemia. Norsk Geologisk Tidsskrift, Vol. 79, pp. 281-288. Oslo 1999. ISSN 0029-196X. Redescription of the gastropodEuomphalus undiferus Schmidt, 1858 fromthe Upper Llandovery Rumba Formation of Estonia requires reinvestigation of the hitherto monotypic genus Kiaeromphalus Peel & Y ochelson, 1976, originally described from the Rytteråker Formation of the Oslo Region. The Estonian K. undiferus and the Norwegian type species occur in similar depositional facies of Early Silurian age within the sedgwickii Graptolite Zone. The redescribed type specimen of Horologium kokeni Perner, 1907 from the late Silurian (Ludlow) of Bohemia shows strong morphological convergence with the two Baltic species, but Kiaeromphalus is distinguished by its lower rate of whorl expansion and less oblique aperture. Both genera were adapted to a sessile life, possibly on a soft substratum. Mare lsakar, Museum ofGeology, University ofTartu, Vanemuise 46, 51014 Tartu, Estonia. E-mail: [email protected]; Jan OveR. Ebbestad & JohnS. Peel, Department of Earth Sciences (Historical Geology and Palaeontology), Uppsala University, Norbyviigen 22, S-752 36 Uppsala, Sweden. E-mail: [email protected]; [email protected]. Introduction morphic, genera; Schmidt's (1858) species from Estonia is ascribed to the latter genus. Thus, Kiaeromphalus occurs In 1976, Peel & Yochelson reviewed Early Silurian from southem Norway to Estonia in the Lower Silurian (Llandovery) gastropods from the Oslo Region and rocks, although it remains unreported from the Silurian of proposed two new genera, Kiaeromphalus and Kjerulfo­ Sweden. The single specimen of the type species of nema, which they named after the prominent Norwegian Horologium from Bohemia and the single specimen from palaeontologists Johan Kiær and Theodor Kjerulf. The Romania assigned to this species are of late Silurian age. high-spired, spirally ribbed, Kjerulfonema quinquecincta (Kjerulf, 1865) was considered to be congeneric with Turritella cancellata Sowerby in Murchison, 1839 from Kiaeromphalus in Estonia and Norway the Llandovery of the United Kingdom, but Peel & Yochelson (1976) did not assign any other described Schmidt (1858) described Ordovician and Silurian fossils species to the large, low-spired Kiaeromphalus. from Estonia, but failed to figure anyof his material. Some A review of Siluro-Devonian collections from Romania, 48 species of gastropods including 7 new taxa were treated, subsequently described by Homy & Iordan (1994) along most of which were originally described by d'Eichwald with Dr Radvan J. Homy (National Museum, Prague), (1840, 1856) and later illustrated by the same author raised a suspicion that Kiaeromphalus might be a junior (d'Eichwald 1860). A few species were subsequently also synonym of Horologium Pemer, 1907, originally described redescribed and figured by Koken (1889) and Koken & from the Upper Silurian of Bohemia. Unfortunately, the Pemer (1925). The species Euomphalus undiferus Romanian specimen, while assigned to the type species of Schmidt, 1858 discussed in this paper has been mentioned Horologium, was poorly preserved and the issue could not in the literature (see synonymy list), but neither figurednor be resolved. Subsequent ongoing investigation of Silurian revised. Only a few specimens were held in the Museum of gastropod faunas from Estonia revealed Llandovery sped­ Geology, University of Tartu, Estonia (TUG) along with mens closely related to Kiaeromphalus kristianiensis Peel the type specimen. The search for additional material in the & Yochelson, 1976, which proved to belong to the collections in the Institute of Geology, Tallinn, the previously non- figured species Euomphalus undiferus Museum of Palaeontology and Stratigraphy, University Schmidt, 1858. This discovery stimulated recent re­ of St. Petersburg, the Museum of the St. Petersburg Mining exarnination of the holotype of Horologium kokeni Pemer, Institute and the Central Scientific Research Geological 1907 in Prague to elucidate its relationship to Kiaerom­ Exploration Museum, St. Petersburg, proved negative. phalus. However, recently collected topotype material led to close In this paper we redescribe Horologium kokeni and comparison with the type material of Kiaeromphalus from Euomphalus undiferus, comparing both with K. kristia­ the Lower Silurian of Norway, and now with Horologium niensis. Horologium Pemer, 1907 and Kiaeromphalus Peel koken i. & Yochelson, 1976 are recognized as separate, homeo- The Estonian species is from the upper part of the Upper 282 M. /sakar et al. NORSK GEOLOGISK TIDSSKR!Ff 79 (1999) N PRAGUE t • LEGEN O • Capita l city • Locality National '==·· borders A - 50km Fig. l. Locality map of Estonia (A) and Bohemia, Czech Republic (B). Llandovery (Aeronian) Rumba Forrnation at the Pari found in the approximately 115 m thick Rytteråker quarry, earlier named Kattentack, in southwest Estonia Formation in Norway, formerly the Pentamerus Limestone (Figs. l, 2). Schmidt (1858) also mentioned the locality (etasje 7a-b), in the central Oslo area of the Oslo Region Jogisoo, earlier called Joggis, representing the same unit; and possibly in the Holmestrand area just south of Oslo. today that locality is no longer accessible and material The unit falls within the sedgwickii to crispus graptolite from it has not been identified. In regional terms the level zones (Worsley et al. 1983), a slightly longer range than corresponds to the lower part of the Adavere Regional that of the Rumba Forrnation in Estonia (Fig. 2). Stage (H) for which Pari is the type section, and the The type series of Kiaeromphalus was collected and forrnation corresponds closely to the sedgwickii Graptolite labelled by Johan Kiær and his associates between 1902 Zone. The unit is about 20 m and is developed in central and 1907, prior to the published stratigraphical scheme of and southernEstonia and northern Latvia as a transgressive the Silurian succession in the Oslo Region (Kiær 1908). biomicritic limestone (wackstone or skeletal packstone) Peel & Yochelson (1976) pointed out that the labelling of with intercalations of clay (Klaamann 1984; Bassett et al. the samples collected in this period refiect Kiær' s changing 1989; Kaljo & Einasto 1990, Nestor in Raukas & views during the field seasons regarding the position of the Teedumae 1997). Abundant specimens of Pentamerus 7a-7b levels. They therefore concluded that their new occur as scattered shells or tempestitic accumulations. genus extended through most of etasje 7. However, in his Kiaeromphalus kristianiensis Peel & Yochelson, 1976 is synopsis on the Silurian stratigraphy in the Oslo Region, Series/ Series/ Graptolite Graptolite Units Distribution Units Distribution stages zones Estonia Oslo stag es zones Czech Re ublic .o crispus w ...... -� Cl) �� 2 c: :J � � -� o � uju.. LI.. ? o � tuniculatus � - c: parultimus > u.. w 0::: :0 - � æ O 0::: w _Cl) a.. a.. w � � � � � � z u. i � w � c w ? <( §l l tU <( - z sedgwicki CD � .c: formos us 6 � - ·c: - c � � e - � z z :::> Cl) � 0::: e � :æ: "' ? Q) � � � � � o u. ...J ...... o 0::: � ...J kozlowskii z E o .:::! o u. � :::> z � o � ::::::> � ...J � :::::> � u. �:æ: ...J e convolutus u. o � �� o � � - Cl) A leintwordiensis - 8 � �:� ? Fig. 2. Stratigraphical units and biostratigraphical distribution of Kiaeromphalus species in the Llandovery Series in Baltica (A) and Horologium in the Ludlow of Bohemia (B). NORSK GEOLOGISK TIDSSKRIFT 79 (1999) Homeomorphic gastropods 283 Kiær (1908, p. 352) lists a 'large, beautiful' PleurototrUlria age is Ludlow (R. J. Homy, pers. comm. - 1998). Pemer's from the upper part of 7a and 7ba in the Oslo-Asker (1907) illustrations of the holotype are comprehensive district along with a CyclonetrUl sp. In the lower part of 7a drawings which are now known to be accurate, revealing he lists a large Bellerophon sp., whereas no gastropod a gastropod that is morphologically very similar to fossils are listed from the 7b part of the sequence in the Kiaeromphalus. The specimen was redescribed by Knight Oslo-Asker district. Assuming that the material collected ( 1941, p. 152, pl. 57, fig. 2a-b) in his definitive study of the by Kiær was the basis for his faunal lists, it is possible that type specimens of Palaeozoic gastropod genera, but the the PleurototrUlria species represents the Kiaeromphalus photographs of basal and oblique lateral views failed to specimens described by Peel & Yochelson (1976). The stimulate Peel & Yochelson (1976) to make any compari­ stratigraphical range of this species may therefore be son with Kiaeromphalus. The single illustration of Horo­ restricted to the middle part of the Rytteråker Formation, logium in Knight et al. (1960, fig. 194, 5) is inadequate. i.e. upper part of 7a and 7ba in Kiær' s (1908) terminology Homy & lordan (1994) identified a single specimen as (Fig. 2). Horologium kokeni from Silurian (Ludlow) strata occur­ The transgressional trend from west and south across the ring in a borehole into the East European Platform Baltoscandian platform reached its acme during the late ( = Moldavian Platform) succession of northem Romania. Aeronian of the Llandovery Epoch (Bassett et al. 1989), Only the upper surface of the poorly preserved specimen corresponding roughly to the distributional interval where was illustrated. Kiaeromphalus is found
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