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Copyright and Use of This Thesis This Thesis Must Be Used in Accordance with the Provisions of the Copyright Act 1968 COPYRIGHT AND USE OF THIS THESIS This thesis must be used in accordance with the provisions of the Copyright Act 1968. Reproduction of material protected by copyright may be an infringement of copyright and copyright owners may be entitled to take legal action against persons who infringe their copyright. Section 51 (2) of the Copyright Act permits an authorized officer of a university library or archives to provide a copy (by communication or otherwise) of an unpublished thesis kept in the library or archives, to a person who satisfies the authorized officer that he or she requires the reproduction for the purposes of research or study. The Copyright Act grants the creator of a work a number of moral rights, specifically the right of attribution, the right against false attribution and the right of integrity. You may infringe the author’s moral rights if you: - fail to acknowledge the author of this thesis if you quote sections from the work - attribute this thesis to another author - subject this thesis to derogatory treatment which may prejudice the author’s reputation For further information contact the University’s Director of Copyright Services sydney.edu.au/copyright Hysterical Attributes in the Production and Subjects of Art Work Vilma Bader A thesis submitted in fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy Sydney College of the Arts The University of Sydney 2014 Acknowledgements I am especially thankful to my supervisor, Associate-Professor Ann Elias for her guidance and belief in me. This thesis is dedicated to my brother Christian. Gone but always my inspiration. ii Table of Contents Acknowledgements ii List of Illustrations vi Introduction p. 1 Chapter One Hysteria in the Pre-Modern Time p. 12 1.1 The uterine theory p. 12 1.2 Hysterics and witches p. 14 1.3 Numbness and trauma p. 17 Chapter Two The Transformation of Hysteria p. 26 2.1 Re-transformation of hysteria into a medical p. 26 category 2.2 Hysteria and literary cults of melancholy p. 27 2.3 Hysteria and cultural cults of melancholy p. 32 2.4 Hysteria and melancholy in the visual arts p. 34 2.5 Hysteria and hypochondria p. 40 2.6 Hysteria and neurasthenia p. 44 Chapter Three Forms of Classification p. 48 3.1 Classification at the Salpêtrière p. 48 3.2 Classification in contemporary psychiatry p. 54 Chapter Four The City as a Hysterised Space p. 67 4.1 Texting the City 2013 p. 67 4.2 Influences p. 70 4.3 The surrealist and the city p. 75 iii Chapter Five The Hysterical Body in Convulsion p. 83 5.1 The surrealists and the convulsive body p. 84 5.2 Puppet theatre p. 87 5.3 Culture at the Salpêtrière p. 92 5.4 Puppetisation of patients at the Salpêtrière p. 96 Chapter Six The Hysterical Body in Stasis p. 98 6.1 Early representations of women p. 98 6.2 The womannequin and Barbie p. 102 6.3 Other dolls p. 104 6.4 Artist dolls p. 106 6.5 Doll as parody p. 110 6.6 The confined doll and the rest cure p. 114 Chapter Seven The Discourse of the Other p. 118 7.1 Culture Bound Syndromes 2013 p. 119 7.2 The locations of Culture Bound Syndromes p. 120 7.3 Dermographism, Culture Bound Syndromes p. 126 and technology 7.4 Dermographism, Culture Bound Syndromes, and the nature p. 127 of the Wunderblock 7.5 Dermographism, anthropophagy and the discourse of the p. 129 o t h e r Chapter Eight NeoConcretism and the Language of the Body p. 134 8.1 The making of a movement p. 134 8.2 Neo-Concretism and geometry p. 136 8.3 Neo-Concretism and phenomenology p. 137 8.4 Lygia Clark (1920-1988) p. 138 8.5 Hélio Oiticica (1937-1980) p. 147 iv 8.6 Lygia Pape (1927-2004) p. 153 8.7 My Work p. 158 Conclusion p. 164 Bibliography p. 168 v List of Illustrations Fig.1. Lindy and Michael Chamberlain leave a courthouse in p. 15 Alice Springs, February 2, 1982 Fig. 2. Jenny Coopes, Cartoon, 1982 p. 16 Fig. 3. Vilma Bader, Everyday, 2011 p. 19 Fig. 4. Vilma Bader Everyday, 2011, Installation View p. 19 Fig. 5. Vilma Bader, Trauma, 2011 p. 21 Fig. 6. Vilma Bader, Trauma 2011, detail p. 21 Fig. 7. Vilma Bader, Lovers, 2011 p. 31 Fig. 8. Vilma Bader, Lovers, 2011, Installation View p. 31 Fig. 9. Albrecht Dürer, Melencolia I, 1514 p. 34 Fig. 10. Auguste Rodin, Thinker, 1881-1883 p. 35 Fig. 11. Ajax, at the time of Augustus p. 36 Fig. 12. Ron Mueck, Big Man, 2000 p. 37 Fig. 13. Vincent van Gogh, Portrait of Dr. Gachet, 1890 p. 37 Fig. 14. Edvard Munch, Melancholy, 1894/95 p. 38 Fig. 15. Edvard Munch, The Scream, 1893 p. 39 Fig. 16. Augustine, Attitudes Passionelles p. 51 Fig. 17. Annette Messager, The Voluntary Tortures, 1972 p. 52 Fig. 18. Annette Messager, My Collection of Proverbs, 1974 p. 53 Fig. 19. Vilma Bader, Drugs, 2009 p. 55 Fig. 20. Vilma Bader, Drugs, 2009 , Installation View p. 56 Fig. 21. Vilma Bader, Where the Grass is Greener, 2011 p. 58 Fig. 22. Vilma Bader, Where the Grass is Greener, 2011, Detail p. 59 Fig. 23. Vilma Bader, Drogophobia, 2011 p. 61 Fig. 24. Vilma Bader, Drogophobia, 2011, installation view p. 61 Fig. 25. Vilma Bader, Phobias & Manias, 2011 p. 64 Fig. 26. Vilma Bader, Isms, 2011 p. 65 Fig. 27. Vilma Bader, Dystopia: Texting the City, 2013 p. 68 Fig. 28. Vilma Bader, Dystopia: Texting the City, 2013, Detail p. 68 Fig. 29. Vilma Bader, Dystopia: Texting the City, 2013, Detail p. 69 Fig. 30. Vilma Bader, Dystopia: Texting the City, 2013, Detail p. 69 Fig. 31. Hanne Darboven, Kulturgeschichte 1880-1983 p. 71 Fig. 32. Hanne Darboven, Kulturgeschichte 1880-1983 p. 72 vi Fig. 33. Hanne Darboven, Kulturgeschichte 1980-1983 p. 72 Fig. 34. Qu’est-elle?, A self-portrait drawing of Nadja p. 77 Fig. 35. Le Rêve du Chat, drawing by Nadja p. 78 Fig. 36. Le Salut du Diable, drawing by Nadja p. 79 Fig. 37. André Breton, Ecriture Automatique, collage, 1938 p. 81 Fig. 38. Louise Bourgeois, Arc of Hysteria 1993 p. 84 Fig. 39. André Masson, Landscape with Praying Mantis, 1939 p. 85 Fig. 40. André Breton’s Wall, Centre the Georges Pompidou p. 86 Fig. 41. Poster for the performances of Sněhurka (Snow White) p. 87 Fig. 42. Scene from Sněhurka (Snow White) p. 88 Fig. 43. Scene from Sněhurka (Snow White) p. 89 Fig. 44. Scene from Sněhurka (Snow White) p. 89 Fig. 45. Scene from Sněhurka (Snow White) p. 90 Fig. 46. Scene from Sněhurka (Snow White) p. 90 Fig. 47. Puppet construction, photograph p. 91 Fig. 48. André Brouillet, A Clinical Lesson at the Salpêtrière p. 93 1887 Fig. 49. Jacques-Joseph Moreau, Hysterics of the Charité on the p. 95 Service of Dr. Luys, 1890 Fig. 50. Venus of Willendorf, ca 24,000–22,000 BCE p. 99 Fig. 51. The Aphrodite of Knidos p. 100 Fig. 52. Marcel Duchamp, Nude Descending a Staircase 1912 p. 103 Fig. 53. Sir John Everett Millais, Bubbles, 1886 p. 105 Fig. 54. Hans Bellmer, The Doll, Variations on the Assemblage p. 108 of an Articulated Minor, 1934 Fig. 55. Hans Bellmer, The Doll, Variations on the Assemblage p. 108 of an Articulated Minor, 1934 Fig. 56. Hans Bellmer, The Doll, Variations on the Assemblage p. 109 of an Articulated Minor, 1934 Fig. 57. Hans Bellmer, The Doll, Variations on the Assemblage p. 109 of an Articulated Minor, 1934 Fig. 58. Hans Bellmer, The Doll, Variations on the Assemblage p. 110 of an Articulated Minor, 1934 Fig. 59. Vilma Bader, The Applicant, 2012 p. 111 Fig. 60. Vilma Bader, The Applicant, 2012. Detail p. 111 vii Fig. 61. Vilma Bader, Culture Bound Syndromes, 2013 p. 120 Fig. 62. Vilma Bader, Culture Bound Syndromes, 2013 p. 121 Fig. 63. Vilma Bader, Culture Bound Syndromes, 2013 p. 121 Fig. 64. Vilma Bader, Culture Bound Syndromes, 2013 p. 122 Fig. 65. Vilma Bader, Culture Bound Syndromes, 2013 p. 122 Fig. 66. Christo and Jeanne-Claude, Wrapped Coast, 1969 p. 123 Fig. 67. Vilma Bader, Culture Bound Syndromes, 2013 p. 124 Fig. 68. Vilma Bader, Culture Bound Syndromes, 2013 p. 125 Fig. 69. Vilma Bader, Culture Bound Syndromes, 2013 p. 125 Fig. 70. Vilma Bader, Culture Bound Syndromes, 2013 p. 126 Fig. 71. Leonardo da Vinci, Vitruvian Man, c.1485 p. 135 Fig. 72. Lydia Clark, Bicho, 1960 p. 139 Fig. 73. Lydia Clark, Bicho, 1960 p. 139 Fig. 74. Viewers in front of Isms and Phobias & Manias p. 140 Fig. 75. Viewers in front of Isms and Phobias & Manias p. 140 Fig. 76. Viewers in front of Isms and Phobias & Manias p. 141 Fig. 77. Lygia Clark, Caminhando, 1964 p. 142 Fig. 78. Max Bill, Tripartite Unity, 1948-49 p. 143 Fig. 79. Hélio Oiticica, Parangolé p. 148 Fig. 80. Caetano Veloso attired in one of Oiticica’s Parangolé p. 148 Fig. 81. Franz Erhard Walther, Element n°36 of 1.Werksatz, 1967 p. 151 Fig. 82. Rio De Janeiro, April 4, 1968 p. 152 Fig. 83. Lygia Pape, Book of Time, 1961 - 63 p. 154 Fig. 84. Lygia Pape, Book of Time, 1961 - 63 p. 157 Fig. 85. Vilma Bader, The White Space of Mallarmé, 2013 p. 158 Fig. 86. Vilma Bader, The White Space of Mallarmé, Detail p. 158 Fig. 87. Lygia Pape, Tecelar, 1958 p. 159 Fig. 88. Richard Hamilton, White Album sleeve 1968 p.
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