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Social and Ethical Challenges of HBP

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Social and Ethical Challenges of HBP Social and Ethical Challenges of HBP ! Abdul H. Mohammed Linnaeus University and Karolinska Institutet Växjö and Stockholm , Sweden 1st HBP School, Alpbach, Austria, September 8 – 14, 2014 SP12 Ethics and Society Jean-Pierre Changeux (dir.) Kathinka Evers (dir) Institut Pasteur, France Uppsala University Nikolas Rose Abdul Mhammed King’s College London, UK Linaneus University, Sweden Bernd Carsten Stahl Yadin Dudai De Montfort University, Leicester, UK Weizmann Institute of Science, Israel Lars Kluve Kevin Grimes Danish Board of Technology, Denmark Karolinska Institute, Sweden Christine Mitchell Barbara Sahakian Harvard Medicla School, USA Cambridge University, UK Richard Walker Benjamin Simmenauer EPFL, Switzerland Institut Pasteur, France Ethics • ”In a civilized life law floats in a sea of ethics” • Earl Warren, (1891 – 1974) • You can turn away from ethical questions, but they will not go away • Ethical dilemma – morally problematic situation, where you have to pick between two or more acceptable but often opposing alternatives that are important to different groups. (”right-versus-right” decision) Neuroethics • Encompasses a wide array of ethical issues emerging from different branches of clinical neuroscience (neurology, psychiatry, psychopharmacology) and basic neuroscience (cognitive neuroscience, affective neuroscience). • These include ethical problems raised by advances in functional neuroimaging, brain implants and brain- machine interfaces and psychopharmacology as well as by our growing understanding of the neural bases of behavior personality, consciousness …http://neuroethics.upenn.edu/ The goals of the HBP ethics and society pillar: to explore the project’s social, ethical and philosophical implications, to promote engagement with decision-makers and the general public, to promote social and ethical awareness among project participants, and to ensure that the project is governed in a way that ensures full compliance with relevant legal and ethical norms. • The size and complexity of the HBP, and the complex and varied nature of the ethical issues raised. ! Laundry list of ethical issues • New techniques for the control of human behavior • New techniques for the manipulation of human memory • Creation of false memories • Memory deletion • New techniques for mind-reading • Lie detection • Applications in criminal law • Applications in surveillance • New techniques to forecast human abilities (e.g. applications in education) • Assessment of criminal responsibility through brain scanning • New techniques to forecast human behavior (e.g. criminal behavior) • Intrusiveness, violation of individuality, privacy and human uniqueness. • Human enhancement • Application of knowledge/power in society & e.g. military & police, or by commercial interests, or criminal organisations. • Unforeseen side effects, e.g. new ways of manipulating human behavior • Traditional research ethics and governance (informed consent) • Philosophical & religious beliefs & human world- views • Appropriateness and exactness of human brain models and simulation. • Personhood and moral rights of a simulated brain • Justification of technical choices in the simulation of the brain. KEY MISSIONS FOR ETHICS AND SOCIETY IN THE HBP • To explore the HBP’s social, ethical and philosophical implications, the benefits of research on the brain and its technological applications • To identify any potentially risky or troubling implications for early discussion • To serve as an interface between the HBP community and the public’s perceptions and questions • To foster HBP scientists’ engagement into ethical reasoning and ensure that the HBP follows a policy of responsible innovation • Maintain alertness for national and regional policy updates concerning ethical research. 1. Forecasting innovation and its social and economic impact. 2. Conceptual and philosophical issues. 3. The public, dialogue and engagement. 4. Researcher awareness. 5. Governance and regulation. 12.1 Foresight Lab! • Consulting systematically with researchers, potential users of new technologies, civil society groups, regulators and other stakeholders, the Foresight Lab develops a set of social and economic scenarios, which will serve as frameworks for evaluating the possible consequences of the HBP on different areas of society. • Nikolas Rose, King’s College London, UK ! 12.2 Conceptual and Philosophical Issues! • This WP provides a conceptual analysis of human brain simulation in the HBP: its meaning, distinct theoretical approaches, underlying assumptions, and the implications for our understanding of the mind and consciousness. • It involves close collaboration with other subprojects, ensuring that philosophical analyses are well connected to the experimental data and hypotheses coming from HBP, and that they make a genuine contribution to their interpretation. Kathinka Evers, Uppsala University, Sweden ! 12.3 The public, dialog and engagement! This program creates a constructive dialogue with the general public and private stakeholders, maintaining an intense engagement with points of view external to the HBP, identifying emerging controversies, and formulating recommendations for HBP research and research priorities. Both established and innovative methods are used, like online deliberation, European citizens’ conventions and experts forum. Jean-Pierre Changeux, Pasteur Institute, France 12.4 Researcher Awareness! The WP encourages and fosters ethical and social reflection within the HBP consortium, particularly among young researchers, clinicians and technology developers. It explores the ethical and social perceptions of scientists in the HBP, beginning with a survey of the ethical and social views of HBP researchers and their perceptions of responsible research and innovation in their individual areas of expertise. The WP seeks to help HBP researchers to be alert to ethical and social issues, and to raise them in appropriate forums. Bernd Carsten Stahl, De Montfort University, Leicester, UK 12.5 Governance and Regulation! To support HBP decision-making on signicant ethical and social issues, and to ensure that the project fully complies with European and national legal and regulatory requirements, the ‘Governance and Regulation’ group has set up and assists two independant committes: Ethical, Legal and Social Aspects Committee (ELSA) and Research Ethics Committee (REC). Abdul Mohammed Linnaeus University, Växjö, Sweden HBP: WP 12.1: The Foresight Lab • The goal of this WP is to identify and evaluate the potential impact of the new knowledge and technologies produced by the HBP, in terms of benefits to European citizens, European industry, the European economy and European society • WP12.1 will conduct systematic foresight exercises to identify and evaluate these impacts. • The exercise, which will progress along several different timescales, up to a twenty-year horizon, will model pathways that will predict the emergence of medical, computing and other technologies based on HBP results and to locate and analyze the possible outcomes in the context of likely social and economic futures. WP12.3" • The goal of WP 12.3 is to help the HBP create a constructive dialogue with public and private stakeholders and with the general public, maintaining an intense engagement with points of view external to the HBP, identifying emerging controversies, and formulating recommendations for HBP research and research priorities. This WP will use a mix of established and innovative methods reflecting current best practice in dialogue, communication and outreach and adapting the choice of methods to specific audiences. This chosen strategy will reflect the importance of early, upstream engagement and embody the ethos of participatory technology assessment. • T12.3.2 European citizens’ Conventions • The goal of T12.3.2 will be to move beyond traditional debates among scientists, politicians and interested parties, to involve European citizens actively in HBP decision-making. Over the duration of the HBP, T12.3.2 will organise five Citizens Conventions dedicated to the HBP. The first of these will be held in Year 3, at the CP-CSA when the project’s platforms are fully operational and the project is beginning to yield its first scientific results. This task will be partly performed by a partner selected by the HBP Competitive Calls Programme. Researcher Awareness WP 12.4 is meant to facilitate the reflection on ethical and social issues within the HBP. The main mechanisms of achieving this are: in-depth interviews, surveys, collaborative activities such as workshops. Research Objectives • Identification of ethical and social issues – By interviewing SP management – By drawing on Society and Ethics Programme compilation of issues (laundry list) – Where required, supplementary interviews with management • Survey of HBP researchers • In-depth investigation of issues using focus groups and interviews • Reflective workshops • Establish links to teaching, training & education ELSA and REC The first goal of the Ethics and Society Programme is to set up and begin to operate the organizational structures that will provide ethical governance within the project. These will include an Ethical, Legal and Social Aspects Committee (ELSA) and a Research Ethics Committee (REC). 23 " ELSA" Strategic oversight over ethical, legal and social issues arising from HBP research will be provided by an independent Ethical, Legal and Social Aspects Committee (ELSA), which will advise the GA, the GB and the ExCo, acting on its own initiative
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