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Implications of Connected and Automated Vehicles on the August 2016; Published October 2016 Safety and Operations of Roadway Networks: a Final Report 6

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Implications of Connected and Automated Vehicles on the August 2016; Published October 2016 Safety and Operations of Roadway Networks: a Final Report 6 Technical Report Documentation Page 1. Report No. 2. Government 3. Recipient’s Catalog No. FHWA/TX-16/0-6849-1 Accession No. 4. Title and Subtitle 5. Report Date Implications of Connected and Automated Vehicles on the August 2016; Published October 2016 Safety and Operations of Roadway Networks: A Final Report 6. Performing Organization Code 7. Author(s) 8. Performing Organization Report No. Kara Kockelman, Paul Avery, Prateek Bansal, Stephen D. 0-6849-1 Boyles, Pavle Bujanovic, Tejas Choudhary, Lewis Clements, Gleb Domnenko, Dan Fagnant, John Helsel, Rebecca Hutchinson, Michael Levin, Jia Li, Tianxin Li, Lisa Loftus- Otway, Aqshems Nichols, Michele Simoni, and Duncan Stewart 9. Performing Organization Name and Address 10. Work Unit No. (TRAIS) Center for Transportation Research The University of Texas at Austin 11. Contract or Grant No. 1616 Guadalupe Street, Suite 4.202 0-6849 Austin, TX 78701 12. Sponsoring Agency Name and Address 13. Type of Report and Period Covered Texas Department of Transportation Technical Report Research and Technology Implementation Office January 2015 August 2016 P.O. Box 5080 14. Sponsoring Agency Code Austin, TX 78763-5080 15. Supplementary Notes Project performed in cooperation with the Texas Department of Transportation and the Federal Highway Administration. 16. Abstract Advances in vehicle automation and communication can dramatically reduce the economic and comprehensive costs of U.S. crashes. This report quantifies in detail the crash-related gains of various vehicle automation and connectivity features and anticipates their near-term and long-range impacts on car crashes in Texas. It also documents the best practices for the Texas Department of Transportation (TxDOT) and other agencies to most cost-effectively facilitate Texans’ adoption and use of top technologies. This study estimated the adoption of connected and autonomous vehicle (CAV) technologies over the long term through the use of two surveys. The study also reviewed CAVs’ impacts on safety, and estimated crash count and crash cost reductions via various CAV technologies. Finally, the report presents a benefit-cost (B-C) analysis that identifies top design and system management strategies for departments of transportation to follow, in the transition to new technologies and travel choices. This work provides practical recommendations emphasizing safety to assist TxDOT in optimally planning for these new technologies using a holistic and qualitative approach. 17. Key Words 18. Distribution Statement Autonomous vehicles, automated vehicles, connected No restrictions. This document is available to the vehicles, crash reductions, safety, vehicle fleet public through the National Technical Information evolution, benefit-cost analysis, smart intersections, Service, Springfield, Virginia 22161; www.ntis.gov. automatic emergency breaking, transportation infrastructure 19. Security Classif. (of report) 20. Security Classif. (of this page) 21. No. of pages 22. Price Unclassified Unclassified 250 Form DOT F 1700.7 (8-72) Reproduction of completed page authorized Implications of Connected and Automated Vehicles on the Safety and Operations of Roadway Networks: A Final Report Center for Transportation Research Kara Kockelman Prateek Bansal Stephen D Boyles Michael Levin Pavle Bujanovic Jia Li Tejas Choudhary Tianxin Li Lewis Clements Lisa Loftus-Otway Gleb Domnenko Aqshems Nichols John Helsel Michele Simoni Rebecca Hutchinson Duncan Stewart Southwest Research Institute Paul Avery University of Utah Dan Fagnant CTR Technical Report: 0-6849-1 Report Date: August 2016 Project: 0-6849 Project Title: Implications of Automated Vehicles on Safety, Design and Operation of the Texas Highway System Sponsoring Agency: Texas Department of Transportation Performing Agency: Center for Transportation Research at The University of Texas at Austin Project performed in cooperation with the Texas Department of Transportation and the Federal Highway Administration. Center for Transportation Research The University of Texas at Austin 1616 Guadalupe, Suite 4.202 Austin, TX 78701 http://ctr.utexas.edu/ Disclaimers Author's Disclaimer: The contents of this report reflect the views of the authors, who are responsible for the facts and the accuracy of the data presented herein. The contents do not necessarily reflect the official view or policies of the Federal Highway Administration or the Texas Department of Transportation (TxDOT). This report does not constitute a standard, specification, or regulation. Patent Disclaimer: There was no invention or discovery conceived or first actually reduced to practice in the course of or under this contract, including any art, method, process, machine manufacture, design or composition of matter, or any new useful improvement thereof, or any variety of plant, which is or may be patentable under the patent laws of the United States of America or any foreign country. Notice: The United States Government and the State of Texas do not endorse products or manufacturers. If trade or manufacturers' names appear herein, it is solely because they are considered essential to the object of this report. Engineering Disclaimer NOT INTENDED FOR CONSTRUCTION, BIDDING, OR PERMIT PURPOSES. Project Engineer: Dr. Kara Kockelman Professional Engineer License State and Number: Texas No. 93443 P. E. Designation: Research Supervisor Acknowledgments The authors express appreciation to Project Manager Darrin Jensen, and TxDOT employees Jianming Ma, Mollie Klenzendorf, Travis Scruggs, Dale Picha, and David Fink, who served as members of the Project Monitoring Committee. Amy Banker provided most of the administrative support needed to carry out this project, and undergraduate students like Tejas Ma also helped. Related TxDOT Projects This report benefits from work conducted in TxDOT Project 0-6838, which addressed another facet of this rich and developing field. For details and associated project publications for that and other TxDOT research initiatives, please see the CTR-hosted TxDOT library catalog at http://ctr.utexas.edu/library/. Table of Contents Chapter 1. Executive Summary ....................................................................................................1 1.1 Introduction ............................................................................................................................1 1.2 Recommendations ..................................................................................................................2 1.3 Report Structure .....................................................................................................................3 Chapter 2. Identifying CAV Technologies ..................................................................................4 2.1 Identifying Smart Driving Technologies ...............................................................................4 2.1.1 NHTSA’s Taxonomy ......................................................................................................4 2.2 Driving Technology Synthesis ...............................................................................................7 2.2.1 Level 0 Technologies ......................................................................................................7 2.2.2 Level 1 Technologies ......................................................................................................9 2.2.3 Level 2 Technologies ....................................................................................................12 2.2.4 Level 3 Technologies ....................................................................................................12 2.2.5 Level 4 Technologies ....................................................................................................13 2.3 Expert Interviews and Surveys ............................................................................................17 2.3.1 Top Recommended Technologies .................................................................................17 2.4 Potential Impacts ..................................................................................................................18 2.4.1 Benefits and Risks to Drivers .......................................................................................18 2.4.2 Impacts on Safety ..........................................................................................................18 2.4.3 Impacts on Infrastructure ..............................................................................................19 2.4.4 Impacts on Operations ..................................................................................................20 Chapter 3. Project Surveys .........................................................................................................22 3.1 U.S. Survey ..........................................................................................................................23 3.2 Texas Survey ........................................................................................................................24 3.3 Literature Review ................................................................................................................25 3.3.1 Public Opinion Surveys about Adoption of CAVs .......................................................25 3.3.2 Anticipating Long-Term Adoption of New Technologies ............................................27 3.4 Forecasting Americans’ Long-Term Adoption of Automation and CV Technologies
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