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Local Native Councils and the Development of Western LOCAL NATIVE COUNCILS AND THE DEVELOPMENT OF WESTERN EDUCATION AMONG THE NANDI OF KENYA, 1923 – 1963 BY JOSEPH KIPCHIRCHIR MAIYO (BACHELOR OF EDUCATION (ARTS) ) MOUNT KENYA UNIVERSITY A Research Thesis Submitted to the School of Postgraduate Studies in Partial Fulfilment for the award of the Degree of Master of Arts in History School of Arts and Social Sciences. Kisii University NOVEMBER, 2019 DECLARATION AND RECOMMENDATION Declaration by the Candidate This thesis is my original work and has not been submitted for examination in this or any University Joseph Kipchirchir Maiyo _________________ _______________ MAS11/60108/14 Sign Date Recommendation by the Supervisors This thesis has been submitted for examination with my approval as the University Supervisor Dr. Evans Nyamwaka, Ph.D. __________________ ________________ Lecturer Sign Date School of Arts and Social Sciences Department of History Kisii University, Kenya Dr. Paul Opondo, Ph. D. ________________ ________________ Lecturer Sign Date School of Arts and Social Sciences Department of History Moi University, Kenya ii PLAGIARISM DECLARATION DECLARATION BY STUDENT i. I declare I have read and understood Kisii University Postgraduate Examination Rules and Regulations, and other documents concerning academic dishonesty. ii. I do understand that ignorance of these rules and regulations is not an excuse for a violation of the said rules. iii. If I have any questions or doubts, I realize that it is my responsibility to keep seeking an answer until I understand. iv. I understand I must do my own work. v. I also understand that if I commit any act of academic dishonesty like plagiarism, my thesis/project can be assigned a fail grade (“F”) vi. I further understand I may be suspended or expelled from the University for Academic Dishonesty. Joseph Kipchirchir Maiyo _______________ _________________ MAS11/60108/14 Sign Date DECLARATION BY SUPERVISOR (S) i. I/we declare that this thesis/project has been submitted to plagiarism detection service. ii. The thesis/project contains less than 20% of plagiarized work. iii. I/we hereby give consent for marking. Dr. Evans Nyamwaka, Ph.D. Signature _______________ Affiliation: Kisii Universirty Date ____________________ Dr. Paul Opondo, Ph. D. Signature _______________ Affiliation: Moi Universirty Date ____________________ iii DECLARATION OF NUMBER OF WORDS I confirm that the word length of: 1) The thesis, including footnotes, is 40, 523. 2) the bibliography is N/A and, if applicable, 3) the appendices are 869. I also declare the electronic version is identical to the final, hard bound copy of the thesis and corresponds with those on which the examiners based their recommendation for the award of the degree. Signed: …………………………………… Date: …………………… (Candidate) I confirm that the thesis submitted by the above-named candidate complies with the relevant word length specified in the School of Postgraduate and Commission of University Education regulations for the Masters and PhD Degrees. Signed: ________ Email ____________ Tel_____________ Date: __________ (Supervisor 1) Signed: ______ Email ___________ Tel_____________ Date:____________ (Supervisor 2) iv COPY RIGHT All rights are reserved. No part of this thesis or information herein may be produced, stored in a retrieval system or transmitted in any form or by any means electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording or otherwise, without the prior written permission of the author or Kisii University. ©2019, Joseph Kipchirchir Maiyo. v DEDICATION This Thesis is dedicated to my wife Linah and my children; Grace, Gideon, Sharon, Heman and Britney vi ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS First and foremost,I wish to thank the Almighty God for His Grace that enabled me to go through this academic endevour with patience amidist challenges. I appreciate the great contribution that I received from the many institutions and individuals towards the success of this study. The management of Kisii University deserves credit for allowing me to undertake my postgraduate studies at the institution. I thank the lecturers at the University for the guidance and skills which they imparted in me thus enabling me to produce this work.Special tribute goes to Prof. P.O.Ndege, Prof.Makana, Dr Kilongi, M. Onyambu and Peter Kirui,among others who took us through during our course work with my colleagues I also thank my classmates I thank the supervisors; Dr.Evans Nyamwaka and Dr Paul Opondo, for their passionate guidance during proposal development through research work to the completion of this work. I thank my workmates for their assistance during the research work especially at the point of analysing the data. The most notable is Shem Oricho worked closely and ensured that I moved in the right direction as far as this work is concerned. In the same vein,I wish to acknowledge the immense support that I received form the my study respondents.This mostly were the elderly and custodians of Nandi historical and oral texts. They included elders such as Arap Leitich, Arap Tarus, Arap Mosonik, Arap Magut, Justice Barabara Tanui, Mosbei, Arap Ng’esirei, and Arap Ng’eny. I appreciate these elders for their willingness to provide the needful information that was very helpful in this study. Justice Barabara Tanui was especially very important for this study since he was a secretary of the defunct African District Council in the 1950s in Nandi, which was vii the subject of this study. I thank the library staff of the following Universities; Moi, Kenyatta, Nairobi and Kisii for allowing me to use the facilities and giving the needful assistance to find the relevant materials in the Libraries. I appreciate the Kenya National Archive’s staff in Nairobi such as Mr Ambani and Mr P. Otieno. They did a lot to assist me in finding the materials I needed at the Archives. I also thank the staff of various bureaus in Eldoret town for typesetting and printing this report which included; Wilson of Challache Printers, Silvester of Book Mart Printers and Purity at Tiloi Centre in Eldoret town. Furthermore, I acknowledge and thank the staff of the Noble Sacco and Barclays Bank for availing some finances I needed to spend during my travels to collect data and to print the reports. I thank the Ministry of Education and the Teachers Service Commission for granting me a study leave which I efffectivelly uttilised for my research work.Thanks also goes Nacosti for granting me permission to undertake the work. I also wish to thank my family; my mother, Rosa, my uncle, Julius, my wife Linah and my children. They assisted me to go through this work peacefully.i indeed receieved financial and moral support fo through my acadmic endevour.rom my family members who always ensured that got the support I needed in good time.I most sincerely thank my children namely; Gideon, Heman, Grace, Sharon and Joy who who assisted me in typing part of the work during their school holidays. I appreciate them greatly. I appreciate all the people who assisted me in one way or another and may not have been mentioned by name.May the Lord bless them all abundantly. viii TABLE OF CONTENTS DECLARATION AND RECOMMENDATION ii PLAGIARISM DECLARATION iii DECLARATION OF NUMBER OF WORDS iv COPY RIGHT v DEDICATION vi ACKNOWLEDGEMENT Error! Bookmark not defined. TABLE OF CONTENTS ix GLOSSARY OF TERMS xii ABSTRACT Error! Bookmark not defined. CHAPTER ONE 1 1.0 Background of the Study.........................................................................................1 1.1 Statement of the Problem.........................................................................................8 1.2 Research Objectives.................................................................................................9 1.3 Research Questions.................................................................................................10 1.4 Significance of the Study 10 1.5 Scope and Limitations of the study........................................................................10 1.6 Assumptions of the Study.......................................................................................11 1.7 Theoretical Framework..........................................................................................12 1.8.0 Literature Review.................................................................................................19 1.8.1 The State, Missionary Societies and the Nandi Community (1938 – 1945)..........19 1.9 The L.N.C Structure, Functions and Membership in Development of Education 1923 – 1938..............................................................................................................................28 1.10 Western Education among the Nandi (1946 – 1963)..............................................35 1.11.0 Research Methodology......................................................................................42 1.11.1 Introduction........................................................................................................42 1.11.2 Study Area 42 1.11.3 Research Design and Method 45 1.11.5 Sample Size 45 1.11.6 Sampling Procedure 46 1.11.7 Data Collection Instruments and Procedures 46 1.11.8 Validity.................................................................................................................49 1.11.9 Ethical Considerations..........................................................................................49 CHAPTER TWO 50 ix 2.0 THE STRUCTURE, FUNCTIONS AND MEMBERSHIP OF LOCAL NATIVE COUNCIL 50 2.1 Introduction.............................................................................................................50
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