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A History of Kapsabet Girls‟ High School, Nandi County, Kenya, 1960

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A History of Kapsabet Girls‟ High School, Nandi County, Kenya, 1960 Asia Pacific Journal of Education, Arts and Sciences, Vol. 3 No. 1, January 2016 ______________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Asia Pacific Journal of A History of Kapsabet Girls‟ High School, Education, Arts and Sciences Nandi County, Kenya, 1960 - 1979 Vol. 3 No.1, 10-20 January 2016 Kiprop Joseph1 & John Koskey Chang’ach2 P-ISSN 2362-8022 Moi University, School of Education, Department of Educational E-ISSN 2362-8030 Foundations www.apjeas.apjmr.com [email protected], [email protected] Date Received: December 1, 2015; Date Revised: December 29, 2015 Abstract - Religious organizations in Kenya are Keywords: Kapsabet, Kenya, Africa Inland empowered by the Education Act to participate in the Mission, Nandi, Africa Inland Church, Oral Interview development and growth of education in schools, (O.I), Local Native Council (LNC), Kenya National colleges and even Universities. Africa Inland Church Archives (KNA) being one of such organizations is not an exception in this case. The paper has endeavoured to establish the INTRODUCTION contribution of Africa Inland Mission/Africa Inland The study area is Nandi Central sub-county. The Church (AIM/AIC) in the development of secondary sub-county is bordered by three sub-counties namely education in Nandi County. The research took Nandi North to the North, Wareng and Nandi East Kapsabet Girls’ High School as a case of its sub-counties to the East and Nandi South and investigation focusing on major events that led to its Kakamega sub-counties to the South and West establishment, growth and the impact of the school to respectively. The sub-county is divided into three the local community. The main community examined educational administrative divisions namely Kapsabet, in relation to this school is Nandi which is found in Emgwen and Kilibwoni. Kilibwoni and Kapsabet the immediate neighbourhood of the school under form the only provincial administrative divisions in study. The research being historical has utilized both the district. Located in the highlands, the sub-county Primary and Secondary sources to trace the receives high rainfall and has fertile soils suitable for contribution of the AIM/AIC to education development the growing of tea as a cash crop and various food in Nandi County. In its findings, the paper has crops. The ethnic group (Nandi) is mainly agro- revealed that, though mainly interested in spreading pastoralist community. The River Yala (Kimondi) the Gospel, Africa Inland Mission missionaries were traverses the sub-county as it drains into Lake also concerned with improving the socio-economic Victoria. conditions of African communities. The research There are forty two AIC sponsored schools in moreover demonstrates that the schools established by Nandi Central sub-county. Out of these schools, thirty AIM, Kapsabet Girls being the first in Nandi region, two are primary schools whereas ten are secondary generated a substantial group of African elite who schools. The secondary schools are Kapsabet Girls, have largely accounted for the community’s socio- Kapchemoiywa, Chepkumia, Kiborgok, Kaptel, economic and political transformation, not only Saniak, Chemuswa, Kombe, Kipsigak and Kaptildil. during the period of study, but far beyond to the The paper sampled out Kapsabet Girls High School as current times. Based on the findings and conclusions, the representative of the study because the school is the researchers recommended the need for the oldest of the ten secondary schools and that the recognition of AIM/AIC’s role among other missions other schools owes their origin to the school as it was in the growth and development of secondary from here that the missionaries were stationed and education in Nandi County and Kenya at large. The went out to establish these other schools. findings of the paper are anticipated to provide insightful reference that educational policy makers, Justification of the Study education stakeholders, researchers and scholars in The study is significant as it will enhance a better Kenya could use in enhancing the growth and understanding of how the African Inland Church development of education in Kenya. contributed to the growth and development of education in Nandi County in particular and Nandi 10 P-ISSN 2362-8022 | E-ISSN 2362-8030 | www.apjeas.apjmr.com Asia Pacific Journal of Education, Arts and Sciences, Vol. 3 No. 1, January 2016 ______________________________________________________________________________________________________________ region as a whole. In addition, its findings will documenting the educational history of the AIC in provide a scholarly anecdote not only to the students, relation to the growth and development of Kapsabet parents and the educational institutions within the Girls‟ High School. locality, but to the whole county at large. Furthermore, the results of this study will be invaluable to fellow Sources of Data researchers who may be interested in the same field The research employed two main historical data and who may wish to puzzle out the gaps that might sources. These are primary and secondary sources. have escaped our scrutiny. The study of the major Primary sources are first hand information sources, AIM school Kapsabet Girls will provide a blueprint whereas, secondary sources are written information. on how the local community responded and adhered The primary sources included oral interviews to elders to the influence propagated by an alien missionary in the district who were actual participants or were group in the name of western education. The lesson witnesses of the events. Interviews were also from the study will assist the educational planners in administered to the teachers, pastors, local church the country in realizing the relevance of church in the members and the administrators of the church. Apart provision of education, and as such continue from oral testimonies, other primary sources were partnering with these institutions in the curriculum obtained from archival documents, either personal or development and implementation. institutional such as correspondences and colonial government annual reports. OBJECTIVES OF THE STUDY Secondary sources which were used were those The study is guided by the following objectives: which did not bear a direct physical relationship to the to examine the main factors in the historical event being researched. The main secondary sources development of Kapsabet Girls‟ High School; to trace are published and unpublished articles, books and the establishment, growth and development of theses. These acted as a useful check on the errors that Kapsabet Girls‟ High School; and to assess the impact were made by the respondents during the oral of Kapsabet Girls‟ High School on the local interviews. These historical literature included those community. published by the AIC itself and those published by scholars having relevant information about the church. METHODS This research has employed the history research The Main factors in the Historical Development of design method in collecting, analyzing and presenting the School its data. This method has been defined by Borg and Walaba [5] argues that missionaries lived to the Gall[1] as a systematic search for documents and indigenous people and brought western medicine, other sources that contain facts relating to historians‟ technical, agricultural and formal education, but faced questions about the past‟. In other words, the difficulties in the incorporating their culture and that historical search is “critical enquiry and the product is of the indigenous people. The resistance of Africans to the narration or description of past events and missionary settlement, western education and facts‟[2]. In this case, historical research encompasses Christianity affected establishment of school for the process of systematic and objective collection, Africans. It is against this background that Kapsabet analyzing and synthesis of evidence from which Girls School came to be stationed where it is found conclusions are drawn and factors hitherto unknown today. The hostility of the Nandi warriors to white established [3]. missionaries and their pupils at Chebisaas in Nandi Historical research deals with the study of the south forced the missionaries to relocate to Kapsabet period the events took place, examining of the relic by which was the administrative headquarters of Nandi interviewing individuals who lived during that time. country in the colonial period [6]. An attempt is made to reconstruct what happened Another factor which made the missionaries to during the time and why it happened. According to move to Kapsabet a part from insecurity was the Creswell [4] “historical research therefore is the relocation of provincial administration to Kapsabet systematic collection and evaluation of data to from Kaptumo. In that connection, the Nandi warriors describe, explain and understand actions of events that got a free-hand to harass the white missionaries in the occurred sometimes in the past”. It is on this basis that Nandi south Region. The movement of white lady this method was found most appropriate for missionaries with their pupils to Kapsabet, in 1919 11 P-ISSN 2362-8022 | E-ISSN 2362-8030 | www.apjeas.apjmr.com Asia Pacific Journal of Education, Arts and Sciences, Vol. 3 No. 1, January 2016 ______________________________________________________________________________________________________________ marked a turning point in the establishment of played
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