Air Service Newsletters 1918

Home , 13th Aero Squadron, 27th Aero Squadron, 94th Aero Squadron, Royal Flying Corps, Second Go

PROPERTY OF 0.S.'100 ,.,'. ."~''';~ , t"',1.. :1.,•... ,"..A; A/' l .' Of'I:.J~EOF AIR FORCE HISTOR} r-:; .rfiL -:y.t / 1'rOll1 tho if£' .~

lfli"''';;.ewareDeJ;>artment nut:>.orizes the following:

Irrespecti ve o f status in the draft, t>e ~Ur Service has been re- opened ro ..' i::lduc tion 0 f :,leC;:18.ni08and. of cand.idat es fo r comcu.ss i.one as " pi lots, bomber-a, observer s an d b8.11ool1ists, z,fter havi ng been. closed EW..oSptfor,a few isolated cLas se s for tile ;?c\st s1::: month s ,

The fast moving overseas of 2.11' s quad ...~ons, ~?lanes, motors and mate:;'1ial for Junerio8.n airclr<:nnes, fields, and asscl.lb1y :;;>151ts in :i<'rai'lce and E'l1g1and, together with the cOlW,?letion here of 29 flyu-€: :fields, 1200 de Ha'iilar.d 1::>lanes,6000 Mbe:dy motors, 't.l0 parts for ti"le first heavy l1igl:.t bombers, 6pOO trainii'lG planes and 12,500 tro.ini:1C e11c;i11oS,ha s led to the necessity of increasi:'Jg bOt}l tlle coranuas Loned 8:...10. tJJ8 enlis ted ~:~ersonne'l, in 0 rder to m~1nte.in full streng'th in ells count ry and continue t~le nec es sary flow . overseas. As e. r esu l t tl::,e Air Se::,'vice, alone, is now lia Lf as large agD,in as . the whole-,~i1e:dc8.ll )-l":';),y was at ti:e out'bre8Jc of 'Vlar.

Ci viJ.iaYts have no t been gi ven an o))orttlni t'~T to ql.lalif;y as :9ilots since last L:ar'cl1. During last fe.II .:11lt. o::xly,'linter, 2. resorvo nc of over 6600 :.?ros~:ective :C1yurs, accept ed 03" t:le L~~aru.il1i:rGBoarcls, had been bull t U:p, Me'. 1:,2,S sL nee been grao.-clally c".:CC:',\i11. air 2.5 room has been m8,('.efa l' them in tile aviation Cl"C'LUlC'.scnoo l,s tIU\)Ur;:l Gl'<1clr18.tion. HO:l."00'IC:C, a large numbo r of men 2.L.'eady Se'1"iTil;g in Lee :"'2,11l'~Sof l:;~ie !\.i:r Service :"",ve been 1?~"l11itted to train for COi,L:issions, in 11:1e Ylith t he )olicy of )1'0- motiI;g :'11e11 :from t>e ranks 'i.c:oneve:;.' :;)os8i;)10 •

. Th.e available mu:iber 0 f ,'1011 j,JOSSCSSLliS t:: G necessarily very 11iC:11. qualificatio:1S is Lns utf'Lc i on t fa:;:' ttl.€) needs and (0'.5 a result it is nuw :.)ossible to exazn.ne 8.:i'lc":.ac cey.t men fl"Om ci vt Li.an lii e, in acl.d.i t Lcn to t,'ose now in tb.0 e111is ted l'xJ:tso:nnel. T:.le numbe'r of men 'vi'~l0 must be examined is great indeed compar-ed to t:le number 0 f 1J1m 'J~10 bac ozie f'Lni she d ::?ilots. Practicall;r one a:;;:J!icant out of every tvo is f cund unf Lt for flyinG at t~1e first exami.natdon , vhile, even 0 f t.ios e acco}ted, 2. 12,l'l;e number j?rove 'ivholly unao I e to ('.0 the )"ental 'inr1;: ne ces sary ill. lea.l'uLlg t>e them-rics of flight, r adf,o , ~)hotoz,,'a:!:1Y, 'bo:,:lbing, ii18.cilL1e G~mnery, anc~ a::ctillery

~" observation, so tha.t l'ully 15 )er cen t are cUsc,l.'..alifiec.. in t::re :fi:.:st step at the gr-ound sC:1.001s2nd still more in the ac tua'l flyi"l(; courses lc.tel'. !

YJllile t:lis :J:cesell t call fo r :ayitlg candJ.(.ates 13 l)eL1S ina,de gene rall~r it is hoped that in o:~c.er to avoic. unne ceaaary j?l'ess'\.u'e 011 tl:e E:::a::nining Boards, l)ossible C8.nCU.~.2.teswill const der .f'.8t~',er t::H~~->.2.ve bO~1 the physioa.l and the mental c.:ualificatiollS necessary. The age limits for flyers a re from 18 to 30 inc 1us iva, wi tn ):i.'efe,:er~e to thcs e under 25, ana. for balloonists f rorn 18 to 4~5. Ap1?lica:lts may C9?ly at t::e AViation .\ Exmnining Boards loc<1ted at:

Atlmmda, Ga. Gecrgi.a School of Tec:moloe;:y. Boston, luss. 739 JJoyls ton St. 011102.g0, III 230 Bast OlJio St.

Dallas, Te:':as. Camp Dick. ""::.:"-,,,, ~ Fort Sill, 01;:12,. Po st 1'1e1J... ~'~'<"~,,,-,,----'~ " .~~. . ]'..I0S Angeles, Calif. Marsh-Strong Bui1di:1g • .''''' ~[imlea.j,::>olist lIinn. Uni ve:si t-J 0 f Hinne so t01. '~, new Yorlc 01 ty. 104 B3:'0 2.0. St. " San AntoniO, Texas. Fort Sam Houston. <, San Fra~lCiS?,o, O<:;:.lif. 55 NewJ.iontgomel'Y St. " St. LOU1S, !'lO. 525 South Buclid Ave. • VlaSllington, D•• O. B1..1.ilc:i11g iiDIf ,FloOl~ 1. Yli11:; ~~~ -~a.:nalZone" CanrJ? S11.erman , _"T ----

0.S.700 -2-

or to the Pe r-sozmo L Section, Division of :Iilitm7 Aeronautics, Y'lashingtol1, :D. C)'.

The call for Y.:ec~::.cmicsO})' .ms tile Serv-ice to a 18.1>genumber of sld11ed men anxfous not only fo:c e:.'..ctive field se rvf.ce , but also for service for v,hich their trzdnLig be s t fits them. Sldlled men only are want.ed , Others ~.". would. have no value in t:;-lG ],ijl.ly delicate and t echrn.cal v,Q::lc r equi red , -.-. T:!lose accept sd v'till be sent to a. Oonoent.rat i on Do)ot, trade t es t ed , given a s:~ecial intousive tr'ai:ning Ln t he new science of c:.iI'J.Jlane mechanfc s , and then organized into airplane c rews and squad.rons , some for duty here, otn er s fo:c ,duty ovei-scas , Uitll eS?8cial1;y good oppo rtunt ty fOl~ advance- ment, since oVOl' fou.r-fift]:. of tl:,e nell are j?J.'omotoclabove tJ18 Grade of private. Tile cLasces eS~J8cially C:,081::'eo.as S}lO'IiV1l by tile last year's expe r i ence 2.1.'0:-

AiYplaue mechanici8ns~ 110to:ccycli sts , Eo tor : J:echanic s ? Cabinet mcD:;:ers, Tailo:c>s, RigGers, Chauffeurs, I:'18 trumon t ReJ.')2,irnen, Engine Repai rmen, Electricians, A:rr:lorers, PrOI)(~lJ.el" NIab~rs, , J Luto J![echanic s, Carpe:l tel' s, Stenographers, / Raclio O"...oe r'a to :cs , Clerl~s , I":aC!!.l:'1ists.

The .Air Service toc.by is over 1610 times vi.hat it V12.S on the outbreak of war. The enlisted s t reng th [;',10:1e, rcc;o.r

.!:i.Jril 6, 1,110 AUGust 1 10,107 October 1 20,176 December 1 3G,234 "Febnw,ry 1 98,300 K,;?l'i1 1 123,569 JlU18 1 13'1,972 AU:T,tlSt1 147 ,~34

A-i)l)lic3.11ts, 2.;3 '~'Dc',:~allicG,"/:10 will be ac ceptcd i)otweell t;le ages. of 18 and. 55 tncfus i ve , ;;lEW r ocecvo iU3.'t':C';},' (~Gt8.ils f:i.DiU tile Depar-tment Air Service 0 fi'iC~;l'S in tho s Lx J)e?::1rtl.l(nt~\1 ::ec:.d(:L'uarters located at Boston, NeViYOll::, C'tlca.{,o, 3,).11 ~:1'ancisco, San .:mtonio,auo. Ct.arleston, S.C.~ t:1e .\11' Sel"vico 1'rac1e Test B08.r1s Lo cat ed at

Army }loc::'UitL1S OffIce, Atlanta, Ga. 739 BoyLeto n St., Bos ton, Eass. 230 Er.~st O~'do sv., CliieaGo, Ill. Tl"amway Building, J4th L'.Ecl.P..J:'al:ahoeSts.~ Denver, Colo. T.llil1:1. FloOl' ML1:1ici::.)al Courts Bl..ildh16', Detn-o.rt , I,'ticl1. 104 Bro ad St., :trowYorl::Ci ty. Oar'e of J)e:?t. Lir Service Offic8:~, '7estern Dopa1~tmont, San FranciSCO, Calif. Third and Olive Sts., St. Loui s , ITo. ;:%ld.ison, '7isconsi11. Fin:l an d Dodgo Sts., Omaha, Nebr. (L;'~I;lY .Building) Care 0 f Ai:i: SGl'vic0 Mechanics Training :"'G11001 ~ Overland BICl.g., St. Paul, 1':1:1",1. Kelly Field, San .'iltonio, To~:2.s. Air Service '(18cl1. Tr. School. ,.' - - - -- or by wri ting di:cect to t~-:e Peznonne I Section, D:i:visiol1 of LIlli ta17 Aeronautics, \'las~-:.ijJctoll, D.C • • / The Director of t:10 Division of I.iilitar.:r .:':.eronC1utics a.nnounc~" that the Tcc}ll1icL'..18eqtioll ha s movod, from \7ashington, to Dayton, O~lio. This Sec tion is :102.(1edby Colonel T. H. Bane f II.A. 'I:lle Tecimic8.1 Section pas ses on such closic;'lls of a':':ccr2.ft and ccces scr-Los as':l'e -3-- , O.S.70~

submi tted to it 'by tile Bureau of Airc:c2.ft Pr oduc t Ion and outside individuals and concerns wille:l miGht be of value in !'el2.tion to ~.Iilitary .\erona:u.tics. Wn'our "il'ir;l:.t Field a t Fairfield, O}<.io, is us ed by tIlis Jectiol1 to c cnduc t sJ?Gci.::.l rOSG;11'C~'leS"-mel e:~:Je'~'ijj"8nts in the testing of ~")lallcs 0.110. aCCOSfJ01'ies. ~[,lle movement of th e .Ioadqual'ters of the .-rC:~~,l1iCc,l Se~tion to Day ton 'b::cL1C~S it in 0 loser r ala tion wi th the scene ... or 1 t S GX:?Gr mien ts •

Cadets arid s tuden t o~:'ficers at Kelly :f'1eLd, Te:~G.s, are beginning a now system 0 f tn st ruc tion W'l:d.0:1 will eve.i tuall;y rec~uire them to act.ually construct ti:0 8':.1::,sin v,hic:~l thG~t fly. Tills course is a de-parture from tho :c8zulaX' G1.EIi cu'lum; It is 110t ye t 3,'01101'a1 2nc~, has yet to be approved by tiw Tl'ail1il16 Section. _':.t ~)l~()SeJ:lt t::::le wOlk amounts to twelve days in l)utti:l[; t ogo t.i er ylings and fuselage only. The other :parts of tIle Ship will come in li ttle by little as tIle course advanc ea, until the pra.ctical 2.ssGlDblinG of 2. cu',T")lete aiJ.~,?L!J1.e is 2, )mt of the instruction of overy fl;;lel'. Inat ructo rs be.l i.eve tb_at if ..american flyers al~e required to :out toc;eth 81' tl:e s'lips tha t 'i;hey yJ'ill 120tor contro 1 the:'"c v,ill be less carelessness, less t endency to ~!,url~~"\.tJ r:c beiil(S (_Oile, or to ovcr Look any- thii'lg that migLt enc1an,c;cr lifo Latoa on.

Tho new co ur se of Inst ruc t ion at Kelly 1,'Till talce the j;)l~oS:90ctive f)yer cOlnj?letely through all the S:10J..)8. Fe \',D1'1::8 in most all of them nov. The airp12.nes IJUt together will be iESl)8cted by o:c~.3Grts b ef'o re they are flown and'v.h,enever an e1'ro1' i,s founel in as senb.ly t:'le cado t.s or s tu derrt o ff icez-e who Il'tl.t'this I)articular mach ino to:~et:1.e:i.~ \iill b o S:1..OW.il 'v,hat lTlight have ~la?)811.ed to tl:.o flycr :lad not t:lO or ro l~ been de.t ec t ed 1:1 time.

It is fUl't:t ,01' 1)011.6voc3. tl!.2.t L 0 ~le'liJCOlL:i~SG 'will acquai.nt flyors ';vi tL the fUnctioning 0 f 0.11 J..'2.1,tS of t:J.Gir ;~:.achines so tllat in case of forced -S-lanQi"5S tl1ey"m be able t:_'_~~:_::~:~::_:::::is" t to take ~'en home.

Repo r-ts roce ived at 'c>e Division of I-lili tel::Y .'~el'ollCmtics from Balloon TrainLlg Fielcls in varu.ous :pL:i.'ts of t;~e c ourrtr'y , s:~ovr seve ral unusuaf ines sages received by tte \virele'3s ClOY,S, i:16.i eatinG Lncr-oas i.rig efficiency both in tho work of the s tudon t s

This :?articl'!.lar sC:1001 ;18.S 10~~mi.Les of wire in use for teaching miIi tary communication. 1!"01~tlle }Ul')OSO of der1o;lstratioll it has' a complete systom of w:i.ring st rung as it wOl",lll 1)0 in t:.:.o i:,'O;:lt lino t ronchee , Com- munication po s t a c::.ncJ.st2.tions for all Ici.nrls of mossaGos o.:re used by tll0 studen ts tho same as so Id.i.er s use them at tile f:,~ol1t.

A good :part of th o c cunt ry so utu eas t ani soutawest of Arcadia is 1a1e1 out wiel. lines 0; comD~U1ication to til.is balloon school, similar to part of a sector at tr, e front. All 0 f the balloons, 'when aloft, are so 'Hired that they can be linked to'ge t her wl tIl any tl~Eilnch, doub Lod up for any \\urk to- .~ getller, or t~ley can be cut off f.1~om tJ1G trenches and ta.n: only 'vi th ti,eir ~ chart roomandwinchor oP:::~:~_::::_::_~:_~TOund bolow.

\.~ lornng ex?eriments with lenses for air :;;ilotst glasses, the lledic~~searc-'l Board of the Di.vi s i on oi )iIilitary i'l..81'o::'lautics a::.m01L'lCGS t~l2..t it }la.,p ~)eon able to effoct tho casting of certa.in subst.ences ill 'th ir;

f ...- i ..'

-4- 0.0.700

sheets vJlich, \~iile 110t C;lsss, can 08 used as such c'.ud may afford a practical substl tute for it in gor;gles. 'l.'":.lis substance llasbeon on t~le lik':.rket for 'SO:.18 t ii1:.obut tl:e COl11l)C'C1;Y' Y{uch mc:J.:es it has not U1) to t;1e p:.'8sent been e.b l e to cast it i:: th01'i,')1.t strol1C;e12,nd t:1}.c1010SS suitable fo:r: Gocgles.

Undel' the c~rGction of tlc.fJ !\lec'..ic81 Hesea;.~c}:.:80:,"::'0,. thin shoots of the materio.l nave 1)00n :.J1'oc'tuced. \i~J.iC:'l not only are of' the ~)ropo:c textur e and t:1i.c!:ness but 02.1".1)0 6':':011;1(".. and j/OliS'lC

,•

....------

, r o -"/1;". o S 73' . . '~LY NEWS L2Tl'"J!:R ..l::(.{ ll:N'}1NG. ~.!'t!;-tD/W SEP'f. 29. 1918

• 0 • •

'lbe following is a.uthoriled by the :iar DepartD8Il':

• .AN&.UC~\i'fOJ'I'ICIAL W:~;UI,IQU;; ,/129 t • Headqunrters, hmeric~n EXpedition~ry Forces

• '0 + /+ Lieu t'neDt A. F. BIDe Uit, am Am.r1cl:n &t ttL.ch.d t.o the :to)'tll J4r it"orce, hc:s been f.lw6rd.d th~ 3..iti8!~ u1\tin:hiahed ,-e!'I~.!' irder. _ On _3'Iet t.IJi..te.n. this or rice" led tw other Mac ines on a long photozrc.pbic reconnaissance. In api i. 0 t the presence 0 t n,"",""s 'lNIny aircrEal' they • .... ul. to t.ke ~l the photograph. required, ltut we ... attaclled by eis ,.kke .. B1plaaee.

Durila& the cQwb~t Liwt'DOnt. BoDD&1ieBtl" that. one or his .' .... '1nl.ach1 .. s 'II«:'S in difficult1 IlDd thut. va enemy fo.1rpluae was ..... 1'.08 U.s .U~ Ie c.t once broke ott OCDD£J.twith th" onsy w1th ....CD he wa. 8ftI&Ied &ad diyed'to the .8.ist&noe ,t the m~chin. 1n trouble. He droye .tt ~e .DiIly plaa •• regarales. of the bullets wbich we... rippift6 'up his own -.chiDe.

lv.,niUal1y, howeyer, his tell plenel aDd biB .1B'V~tor wi..e. we..e .... , 11ft' and hie MChina began to tnll in side dc.e .lips. LieuteDBIlt ..--.li...... d t.~ keep his machine tacing to.ard th. 8z;iUltl 11MS by lleans ., "" Ndclar cont.rol. gila hb observor aDd tho tb1rd aUAchine drove oft the --, aircr""~ wblch .... sUll at.t.r.ckinc.

In it.. Gaoc.pd ccindl tion Lieu t.enwa~ BoIUU~lie'8 machine WIlS teil Ilea., aDd he ...... ful'. hc.d hi. observe" le,:Ye his coca-pit Wld 11. out. Al,ne tile a.. l ill 'reat. of the pilot.. In this manner he "ecros. the Brttieh Verdi•• Cot .. 1,. b1U t,ude f.Dd r1t1lted hi ..... chiDe 8uf'Uc1ent.l, to Avoid G. '..W C......

H&04l' aut. oeeD for the galle-nt.r1 01 Licu\onvnt. BoWl •.lie. iIle In- j...... -.chiDe t.o Who .. as.ia\Ulce he went. would haye fallen iIlt.o ea-1 t.erri- I tory. a. pilot bad "een wouncled (~ndits ouservur kil1ud. Lieutenut. Bonnalie'" _ .. hine w.... i.-dled "Uh bullet.. ancI i to ft.... tlu..rvelous perfol'lll&lACew v ~ 1'-1_1, t.o ~. ground. •I

'DM .ergCllcy .ad ..e •• is: 0

Mrs. 111en BOAn~le, (1,(0 thu..)

1521 Mi•• 10ft St.reet.l San FrGo1.eo, Cal. .

'!HI JOW'IlMG m:CORATIOMS HAVE BgH AWARIZD:

AKlRICAM EXPEDMOlWll fORCES

I •, ~: 1Ib1"': Deaorat.1oas 1. At.~oIaed h"rat.o arc copieD or Diat1l1f,u1ehed serYi.ce Cro.s award. '~r."'.Adj\At.dt. oeraeru. A.1.r • • .. , -2- o 5 736

MASONM. PATRICK MnJor Gonard.

2 lne. PH~LP S NEWBERRY CO/wen Major. ",-5.SeC.

Porsonnel Burcbu WDY.JHS

Frunce. ~ August, 1918

~om:

'l'Q.: CoI!ID(~n"in",. Gene rc'.l. SOS. l\EF

SUbject.: Awt4rJ oi t.hc Di.9tinl~ui£iht:ti Service Cros8

. l~, The CO~"'I!lWl

" , "~ 3 }IUt. 191M. an the rE'f,lon ot Au troplerre. ""10 ODpa.t.rol ""ti. ne court.6ou",ely ILt.Lvcked u. group 01' four Illonop11tJlos and ono blpl .... aIId Bucceeded i.n _1otJ.l'1r, one dY;.ll before hu h1:r.8elf WItS Mat. du'.'.'ft 10 fleae .. It

2.' 'the AdjUt.,'ilt OencreJ. of the A'nJJ'I, \Valbin~ton, ~ •• halo" latormlCi ot t.his owu.rd end requeat.od to ...Lk. proseniati.un of the Croll t.o til. MQ.nlt. li"f1ng rOl:d.ive of ..th:; cecoc .. d, wlth I.\PprupriL.te r~8.

By oowwund ot Qenercl PerlhiD&:

.C. p. B.ARNIT'1' AdJ 1.1t.wl ~ GeneN

l.t Ind. LHB/lb

~erred lor ~poroprlGte ~ctlon.

'By OChunIIlM of Mitior Ge.wrel Herbor<:!:

PerManel .....LU

Au~8" 1., 1918

'lbe Auju k.:~tGo'Jcr&l

1ft: Cbiei of A1r Service, lID

8IIbJect: Deoorc. Uona

1. Thl Co..-ulder-in-Ch1et hfAU o.wt.rdedthe Distil'l6"' ..bhodServJ.c;e..!' ..• Cro•• too' the tollow.i.ng ror the c.ct. e8t oppoaitc the." na,:e.:

&,cond I,1t;\,t.Opailt.. Johli M&.i.CArttayr. 27th Aero Sqyudron. s.c•• A.B.r.

OY~Ui:. ... rll(i ~Dd hf'J141cappcd b'/ nie pretiet;ce f C.r bOftlnci .die QeI'llltUi U.... he auo th,.ee 1111116 cOlDpCl!tlons rou~ t. brllUantly .. 1.rge gI"Oup of 8ft:'y pll!.oen, bri.npnJ dU'lm or puttine, to Uit/lt 4>11 iD sh... 't~IC. laS pColl't.Y. \71'111e pert"minb ltD' ilapoi"\wlt mi.Dion near Lunevill .. mooe

,. o S 736

en 13 June 1918,

Naxt of kin: Cborles: P. Mac Arthur, 97 Hodge Avenue, Butf r..lo , N. Y.

Second Lieut~nant Kenneth ~ith Cl~pp, 27th Aero S~uudron, S,C.A.E,F,

Outnumbered I'tnd ho.ndic,pped by hiG pr esencc tat" behind the Genu('.11 1:.....'~ lines, he und three flyinb comp~ions foubht brilliantly u lar~e group of enemy ...1,;n68. brii'3iflg down or put.ting to flibnt toll in the L ttlicic- illt) party, while performint, an huport8nt. mission Ilear Luneville, France, Oft 13 June rsra,

Next of kin: W.W, Clapp (Brother) Colu. ..bib Ci ~j', Ind ..

First Lieutennnt Edwurd Wi11ic~ Rucker, 27tn Aeru Squudron, S.C.A.E.F,

Outllwnberea and hundfcapped by his presence fur behind the Ger:-IE;n lines, he ~d three flying companions tougnt brilliantly a large group 01 entlClyple.nes, urin~in", dow" or put i.ing to flibht ull in th~ t: t.t.eck. ing part.y, .hiu, porfot'"Ulillg .D inrp(\rtAn~ mi.~Bi(ln J1P.81" LLmeviU". Yrnnce 01'1 13 June 1918.

Nox~ ot kin: E. W, Rucker (Futner) Faye tte, Mo,

By command u! Gener~l Pershin~: I, C. p. BARl'ETT Adju~t Gencrc.l

HE laTH AERO SQUADRON A. E. F. HAS RECEIVED PRAISE FOR ITS WORK IN mE 2ND BATTLE OF THE MARNE:-

. HEADQUARTERS 26th DIVISION AMERICAN E. F.

July 31, 1918.

From: Comaaandin~ General

To: Commanding Officer, 12th AerQ Squadron

SubJ eet: COllrmendadon .:

1. In the mam~ruble attcck und ccrr.paign of th~ seconu bhttle of the Mkrne, in which my divi~ion, the 26th, participated from the 18th to the 25th of July, inclu~i~e. I relied much upon the effective ~nd gullant aanice of yuur squa.dron,

2. As far us wkterinl would warr~nt unanllow, your personnel rendered IBllant .and efficien~ service. Tne interest bnu spirit vus splenuid.

3. On the behaU.,.! th-e aivisiori, let lile CAjJreSB my thUQA& &1'0 con- ...atula tions. You neve a fine body .01 YOUliG ... en, Tell theta tht. t we 1i"e Us_ and believe in Lheul.

SiJ;ned C. R. EDWARDS A TlWE COPY: Major Ganeml CHAS. W. WADE let Lieut" A. S. Slg, R. C.

For the first twe in t.he hisr.ory of this country, 8011iero under Order. tor duty h~ve been transported byl.he air rout~. On sutu~day. 8Iptember 7th, eighteen en~i8ted ffi~ were pa88en~er6 ln airplanes pilot~d '-1 otficers nnd lohe airplunel;; ill Conuut1oU!iof three, four, t:.noflve ehlps, • .... 1 \' ,~:., ...... :.~ .. .;" "\1. ~ : D". t / -4- o S 736

carried t.he men {rum Cntlnuto Fitdd, Runtoul, to Chf~pt.i6i", Illinois, where the men he.d been 'odored to report. . t the United Stl1tcs school ot Mil1tary Aaronawtlcs, Universi~J of Illinois •

. Col. W. E. G11lwore, presidenli oit~.c Control Bo,.~rd, h...s been relieved ~nd ~rdercd ~o Kelly Field~ ann Antonio, Texti~, \mcre he will as.WIle cOlIIDcnd. He \Vus the /!;UElSI. ut u uimwr f.t t.ho Amy Ii Nf;.vy Club betore his de~arture.

Lieut. -Col. Thu.' .•.B Dunean, fomer CO:.1J:I..ndin.~ Officer 01 '111 our Wright Field, F&1rt ield, 0;; 1o, is now Chief of Opera tiona Sect;i.on.'iv.ccood- ing Col. G. C, Bran,.

Lieut.-Col, W, L. Moose. r:ho receut.ly j'inlshed h.Ls !lying \J'!td,ling at. Rock•• ll Fiela, SU1 D:LeI;o, Cl~UfornilJ, h....s succeeded Mujor W" M. J, Fitamauriee as Flying Executive in tohe Operations section, L(I1;or Fit.&r,.t.ur1.ce has teen a.::.B1gneu to ,",uty With l.hc Adjutt.tJ1L Gt=ncrol's Office. -.----._- . ,

Firet Lieut.. Duul:;!t:.B CWDPbel1, AlDerieun nce, r,;canUy re~rned ,..- o.,er.ene. hae b a •• igned to duti \-/ith the Trlllnir!l~ sectlon, Divlu10n of MiUt.t'.rl Aeron ut.!c:J. He he-a viGitod Roc"well Fielti, san Di,,"p,' Cf,lifomlr., where he 11llPect.eetthe work of ~ruininb in uerlt~l 8\ll1ll.ry_ .

------.- '* . Cl.!pt, L. E, I\uool, Censur for the Div~aion of Military ",-NnftUties. 1.1\ Wu .. iagt.on Tnursot.y. Sept., 26 rJl, wi iJl l.;. party ot repre_en.;a"i., •• oi' the ""1OIl p.icture earuo...nlb8 on e, trip t.brouJll i.he SoutJtwe.t to .... e picw"_ ot tra1ning at the rieldlil. 'lbe follcnrin" t1bldo Yll11 be v.Ls1t.ods PO.t Ae1d, ''- 8111, Oklu, Tdio.J erro Field, ,~. Worth. TtlXt!8i CflIIIPD1c~. J)lll1as, Texu.s; SChuol ot. )lili.~"y AeroQU.ut..i.c~, Uni..,ersit;; of TeXl48, Au8U~. TeAl>.s;leU1 'i.ld, s.a Aatoll10,Text.II, ane. Ellin,atcm Fiald, 80"'\011, TOJW.8. Rep"B88"~ . U., •• o~ t.he Heur.t.Pathe, Gaun:onl., Un~vorlU1 an~ Mutual Sc'reu Te18~ ,,:> ••• li •• a... in ':.IU:s PUOl.y,

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-.1 , .' ~:' 'f j f 05795 .: "WEEKLY NEWS LETTER" ~DING SA'.cURDAY , OCTOB~ 12, 1~18.

The \'rar Department authoriles the following:- L - Evory pi~ot in tho ismerican Arinywho .gallS -aJ oft; over the German lines in combat orbombing planes fill1 carry ox on tank '--, . e •• A., with 8ufficiontair for from six to ours breathing. Pilots and obsorvers in roconnaissance planes on photographic work will also carry them on clear days when they can oporate at 15~000 teet or ovor. , " . . Anti-aircraft guns for one thing force him ~o these high altitudes. It ho dri vas a' cci'ribat.plaifo hif Has to Stay' up' tlf prote~t Iflanes' w6rkir1g be- .. neath hilll. ., '_. " .', , , . ,'" , f - Tho n0nI!al a1:.mosklheronear' i:{he surface of the 'oarth contains about 2~ oxygen and 79;0 of ni trogon. As t~e pilot ascend's in .tne 'air he 'leaves' his natural envi.rorment , Tt4(j densat1'/"of ..the .atmos~her'e Docomes"18as'''and'the ' supply of oxygub grows rulativuly sm~ler' aSa higher and higher altitude ' i8 'roach&d. Thusat'19.uOO fuut tho density of tne air has diminished to' the 'oxtent thatea.~h cubic footcont8.i.ns only one-half the anount'of oxygen as at' sea' level ~ Tho pilot I El body reqUirement's r'enafn the same. slne's each nonnal intake ot breath at thcs~ high altitudes furnish him with just one- half the 'oxygencont'ainud in each intake of breath at sea lovel ~ Soilie pilots cannot \'fork ath1gh altitudes'at' all;' selmecan stand the strain longer than otherS'.' "

The fo_ who a~e able to continue tor any length of time be;ond 10,000 'or 12.000 teet have a' senee of' "laCK of air" and open their mouths. in ,~rea:thing 'to get mor'e' ait"~ Tht3" bfeathi'ng becomes qUicker and deeper}. the ,h~art boats 'fast "r end t ast cr , They obtain tho requisite amo'unt of oxygOnby Lncr-oasfng the amourrt of dr breathed in a given time and' by' oj;;' posi@g a greater amount of blood' t.o' thEf oxygen in the air cells of 'hiS lungs. 1'rh1le breathing under tti S .Jrussuro arid really in di st roas , many pi lots 'd'c)'-'-, not teel any marked inconvuniunee for a short period before this emorgency , method ot getting air which nature provides givos out. He may feel perfectly tit and well but he is not as efficient as fmen ncar the ground. His roaction beC~les slower; he usos longer time to judge distance. to aim his guns. 'to firo, and to maneuver his shiP. although ho is not consciou~ ot this impairm."erit. Here disaster lurks. for the pilot with swaying senses' '.... , i,'no longer the captain 'of his wlip. He will feel dilzy but perfectly 'hapPy,"though as a: matter of fact he has lost his judgment and if he attempts to stay at these altitudes ho W'.l.llgradual.l.ypass into a condition'of SEJl11 and sometimes total unccnacdcusnass , A-C'k'ashfollows.' ' ...

, The oxygen tank is built to save him from just this. Briefly it prevonts him'trollC be1ng' :put tosl'eepand consequen-tdis-aster l~.OOO'to' 20,000. teet above the earth ..... ,-, '. -, . • '.. ._.' ~. "In addition' the pilot Supplied with oxygun is much more efficient than the same 'man flying without it. The pilot supplied \"ith oxygen will nine out otten t~e.'bt1ng down the oppon0nt without it because the oaygen pilot has retained his fUd~ent ,rapidity ot deoision and movement unimpaired. He is able to m'aneU:verand out,.,it his opponent and moreover when he returns to the groUnd after a prolonged flight in this thin air he will be fresh and able to start out anow, while the man who did not use an oxygen tank will be ' ossss tirod out and unable to do &ny.oro work that day and possibly the noxt. By the new process this oxygon from the tanks carriod by the pilots flows in such a manner 'as 'to in no wr..yimpair the comfort or tho movenerrts of tho ainnan., The apparatus is simple and entirely automatic. While the airplane stands on' the ground no oxygen is given of f but when it t'akos the air the incroasing deficiency in tho oxygen as the plane arises is cutomaticnlly made up for by tho flow of oxygen without ~~y parsonnl attention from tho ainnM. '

The devico which does ail this consists of u small tank. or tanks according to the ElJDountof oxygen carried, the pressure apparatus, and thb, h.ce mask co'voring the mouth and nose, and the tubo connected with the reservoir. Thiw mask has combined with it the intorphono whereby ~,e pilot and observer can talk to each other with ease whil" in the air.

ID a mamorandumon the use of oxygen tanks recently addressed to pilote and observers of the Air Servico, the Flight Surgeons said:-

, . "Men. thi. i's a gift horso, pure and simple. Regard it as a tllusty friend that will cury you s:).fo1y at trying altitudes, pull you out of many a rough rut of flagging looree. and bring you back to terra finna with the least expendi'tUre ot strength and energy. Can you afford to be less alert' than yoUr" 81UlID1! CaDyou re'fuse to use any weapon pluced at your di sposal! Have you il6t DeOdor .!!! your strangth when your great moment comes! Then J1! tit, teoR lit,. u.e JOur oxygeB apparatus."

Many oxygen test. haYe been made recently over f!Xing fields in this country, all of Which have been closely watched by Flight Surgeons of the Air Sen1.ce and the men in the planes carefully exmned before and atter each test.

The War De;&rtment,authori&e8 the following:-

Air.men of the~y are flying thousands of miles from field to field. frClll the Atlantio to the Mississippi, through the Southwest and to the Coast. U ttle ie heard or 'seen of theDl even by the inhtlbi tants of the country over which they pass. This oros's country work of these unknoWnflyers \,rill aeme day , make an intetesting chapter in the' history of Aviation in this country. The following' entrielin, the' 101 Of 'on. 'aiJmaii who flew'1700 miles frem scott' Field, Bellville, 'Ill1nois to Kellyfteld near SBIIAntonio. Texas, gives a good idea of the work done in developing the school of the flyer in America. . ',

Captain F. R. 8Art1Gj; was the air.man in this f) j "hi;• He covered the 341 ailie. betwe. S:~Yill. and Clark Fieldt lI_phis,.t. Thennesfsa.ee~~ndtbhr.,~e V hours aDd t ve minute. 41 ail a'.rage speed or .u.u Dl1.L8S an our .. ~..re a stiff 1r1.nd'fra the Great Lakes and at an altitude of between 7000 and 9000 teet. On the second lei of the trip between Memphis, Tennes~ee and Pa~n~ Field, WestPoint, M1.s1esippi, 1r1sh1ng to atop for lunch he desc~ded Md was close to the, ground oYer an abandoned race track when he suddenly touncr-the air 80 th1ll tliat' he kDR he could not get ott the groU&"1doncehe landed. He had ditficUlt,"iil getting ~k to the upper air currents again but by following a flock ot bSD'd1 which fl. in an asoending oircle, he secured enough altitude to -3- 05795 coritdnue, AplJruacrlin5West faint, l'i-ississippi,fine air was agai n encountered but over this town he ran into ~n electrical st.orm and was forced to descend.

ni th cLec.r wea the r the next day he made tne 230 miles between '-'estPoint, ~lississippi, and Lonoke, Arkansas, without a stop though his gas gave out just as he arrived over Bberts Field, which is near this point and Little Rock. Here bad weather held him up for four days.

Four hundred and fifty miles of the next leg between Eberts Field ~nd Post Field, Fort Sill, Oklahoma, which had not been covered before in an airplane at this time, proved the hardest task in his whole trip. He made the distance, however, in nine hours of difficult flying over the Ozark Mountains and came down at hugo, Oklahoma, for gas.

He hadmnde his course straight from Little Rock over the Ozark! in an air line for Fort Sill but with nothing but a rough carpet of high hills and thick timber under him as far as he could. see, and on account of the bad weather making, he abandoned the air line to the West and veered to the South. Sixt1 miles in this direction from Hugo he encountered a gale of such force as fell trees on the ground below him. he attempted to rise over it, was caught in a large wedge of black clouds, held in the grip of the storm and for 35 minutes hung over Arkadelphia, Arkansas. Hi s plane settled frem an altitude of 6000 feet to 30uO feet and'drifted about two miles sideways when he finally broke through the stonn and came out miles off his course but into dry weather. By compass calculations, however, he picked up his direction again and landed at Fort ';i11 without furtlJer incident.

Be tween Fort Si11 and Wi chita Falls I Texas I he again met bad weather and had to be satisfied with a short mileage that day, not making Taliaferro Field near Fort '-forth,as he had planned. ~rom t he Falls this latter distance is 110 miles and Captain Bartlett again failed to make it on the day f ol.lowing , running into a stift' gale which held his ground speed down to 25 rni Les ar. hour and !'.elanded in the dusk at Bridgepor.t, just short of r.is destination.

The next day he made Fort ~orth without trouble but lea~ng this post at 6:30 A.M., he encountered winds which shifted fran South to East to North. This weather developed into a heavy storm and he was forced to land at Waco~ Waiting here f0r the stann to pass he took off again under black clouds which hung as low a~ 600 feet and with a ptrong south wind along the zround , He climbed to 30C'JOfeet and there f aund clear air and a brisk north "". wind. Corn husks blo~m frorr.the ground followed him and various birds carried by this wind flew above him at 5000 feet, an unusual altitude for them. He fini~hed his 1700 mile flight at 3:30 in the afternoon, it having taken him since 6:30 in the morning to come from Fort ~orth, a distance of some 295 miles.

A new style oxygen apparatus, designed to enable aviators to fly ~ at high altitudes, was g~"'en ail uffiC1al try-out in connection with the War EX;Josition at Grant Par-k, Chicago, on Sunday September 8th before a group of Jrominent officials of the air service. Among those who witnessed the test ~ere Major General W. L. Kenly, Director of Military Aeronautics, Brigadier General T. C. Lyster, M. 8., of the Air Service Division, Surgeon General's -4.. 05795

office, Lieutenant Colonel Isaac jones, F. C., Lieutenant Colonel C. K. Rhinehardt A. S. A., and Lieut~nant 0clonel ~. R. Lewis, M. C.

The flic.:htswas made by Lieutenant V. B. Kelleher and state Senator , Albert C. Clark of Illinois in one of the new model De Haviland 4 airplanes, equipped with a Liberty motor. In view of the nature of the fliCht, unusual precautions were taken to have the pla~4. in first class condition. Before the I machine was permitted to go up, Lieut. Kelleher and Senator Clark Were given a thorough physical.examination by General Lyster personally.

According to the official report of the flight, the airplane left I the grcund at 12:55 P. M. The pilot took a sout};erly course mounting to fifteen thousand feet in seventeen minutes. At nine thousand feet it was I necessary to detour around a large cloud bank so that the machine wo~ld not I become moistened and affected by the low temperature in higher altitude. , Slight motor trouble impeded for a few minutes the upward flight of Ue machine but the source was found quickly' and corrected.

It took the airplane thirty-five minutes to climb from fifteen thousand to "enty three thousand five hundred feet during which time, the report continued, exceptionally fine atmospheric conditions were encountered. A temperature of seventeen below zero was recorded at this altitude.

As soon as the rarity of tl,e air beca~e noticeable the flow of oxygen in the apparatus was permitted to start. The device functioned perfectly fram the start, Lieut. Kelleher and Senator Clark reported. Breatr~ng was as natural, they said, as on the ground.

The pilot VIas com!Jelled to st0.rt the descent to earth at the height of 23,500 feet, as the danger- signal shewed or.tl.e appar-a tus , At this height, the pilot and passenger said, they w~re able to breathe with ease by means of the device.

Returning to eighteen thousand feet trie full flow of oXYben was turned on until an elevation of fourteen ttousand feet was reached. The loss of oxygen was noticeable according to Lieut. Kellel-.erand Senator Clark by heavy pressure on the enr drums. The uirpla~e descended at the rate of a thoUSand feet a minute. The descent from the m~ximum altitude to the earth took twenty-live minutes. Foth pi lot and passenger experienced slight phy si csL discomfort for a time by reason of the extremes of temperature. The total flight took one hour and eishteen minutes.

In the opinion of ~ieut. Kelleher, the maximum altitude had not been reached. Additional tests rr.aybe made in the future to determine the effectiveness of the oxygen apparatus at greater heights in the air. Lieut. Kelleher was enthusiastic over tLe performance of the De Haviland 4.

The War De~artment authori~es the following:-

Captain R. W. Schro.!~~...lAi! Ser vice , .u ~~..A.tL.wr~()s~~a..l.~~~ud~.~ec?~~.._._~_ of 25,900 f~on, Ohio, on September 18th, ~~s recently 01r1- dally confinned, has filed a report of this climb with r:ajcr Jeneral Kenly, Director of Military Aeronautics. In it he said:- -5- r OS79~

"In order to take an ~ir!Jlane to a higher altitude than any other pilot in the world, I found that it would require mo~e than one or two attempts. I made three a'tt em pt e , The first one took me to 24,000 feet, the second 27,000 feet ~nd the last one to 28,900 feet, but now I feel certain that I can get to 30,000 feet.

"The cold thin air is one's greatest adversary. First of all, one must make a study of the performance of his motor at these high altitudes. I took off at 1:45 P.M. Wednesday, September 18th, 1918, and made a steady circular cltmb, rassing through clouds at 8,000 feet, 12,000 feet and 16,000 feet. At 20,000 feet, while still climbing in large circles, my goggles became frosted, making it very difficult for me to watch my instrumentS. When I reached 25,000 feet I noticed the sun growing very dim, I could hardly hear my motor run, and I felt very hungry. The trend of my thought was that it must be getting late, that evening must be coming on, but I was still climbing so thought I might as well stick to it a little longer, for I knew I could reach my ceiling pretty soon, then I should go down and even though it were dark, I could land all right for I had made night landings many times betore, and so I went to talking tG myself and this I felt was a good sign to begin taking oxygen and I did. I was then 'over 25,000 feet and as soon as I started to inhale the oxygen, the sun grew bright again, my motor began to exhaust so loud that it seemed something must be wrong with it, I was no longer hungry and the day seemed to be a most beautiful one. 1 felt like singing with sheer joy as I gazed about through the small portion of my goggles which had no trost, due to a drop of oil which had splashed on them from the motor.

"It waS wonderful to see the very clear blue sky with the clouds thousands of feet below. The trost on my goggles bothered me very much. At times I had to remove my glove in order to put the warm pa~ of my hand on the glass to thaw the frost. I did this about every ten minutes so that I could take the proper readings of the instruments, which 1 marked down on my data pad. I believe that if my goggles had been better ventilated, they would not have frosted. When I was about 27,000 feet, I had to remove my goggles, as I was unable to keep ~ steady climb. My hands, by this time, were numb and worried me considerably. The cold raw air made my eyes water and 1 was compelled to fly with my head well down inside the cockp~t.

"1 kept at it until my oxygen gave out and at that point I noticed my aneroid indicated very nearly 29,000 feet. The thermometer showed 32 de- grees below zero. centigrade, and the R.P.M. had dropped from 1600 to 1560. This is considered very good. But the lack of oxygen was affecting mer 1 was beginning to get cross, and I could not understand why I was only 29,000 feet after climbing for so long a time. I remember that the horizon seamed to be very much out of place, but I felt that I was flying correctly and that I was right and the horizon was wrong.

"About this time the motor quit. I was out of gasoline, so I descended in a large spiral. When I descended to about 20,000 feet, I began to feel much better and realized that the lack of oxygen had affected me. I passed down through the clouds at 16,000 feet and as I remember, it was snowing from ~hese clouds upon the next layer, some 4,000 feet below. I am not positive of this as 1 may have been affected by the lack ot oKygen. I noticed as 1 dlscended that the air seemed to be very thick and stuffy, but very nice and warm. I did not see the ground trom the time I went up through the clouds above Dayton, Ohio, until I came down through them again at 4,000 -6- 0::>795 feet above l:Elnton,,-,hi0 , over ;:;00miles from where I started.

"I was lost, beyond a doub t , with a dead engine over very rough country. I Lan ded 0.1'.. and broke tlle tip of my propeller, which was standing vertical, when I rolled into a d8preGsion in t~e ground. However, I did not nose ovor or do any other dElmage to the plane or myself. I flew back to Dayton "'ith a new propeller .11

HEADQUARTERS AIR SERVICE FIRST CORPS AMERICAN E. F.

August 1st, 1918

From: Chief of Stafr, 1st Army Corps, American E. F.

To: Chief of Air Service, 1st', Arrr.yCorps, American E. F.

Subject: CQmmendation

1. The Corps Cor!IIilanderisextremely gratified and pleased with the effective, splendid work of the observation squadrons of this ~orps.

2. In spite of control of the air by the enemy, the pilots and observers have been tireless and successful in carrying out their missions of observation and for the purpo3e of taking photobra)hs which ~ave played a great part in the succes&ful advance of the Corps.

3. The Corps Cammander c3sired t~at you convey his personal thanks to those under your canmand, Rnp he further desires that the names of those whom you deem worthy of special recognition be reported pranptly to these Headquarters for trw1smission to the Commander-in-Chief.

(Signed) Malin Craig Chief of Staff

A TRUE COPY:

CHAS W WADE 1st Lieut. A. S. Sig. R. C., Adjutant. j COPIED BY WB 1 .7. 05795

The War Department authorizes ~~e 10110wing:- / Fourteen .enemy airplanes and three enemy balloons were brought down by /IIlericanaviator.s.with the British forces iIi tAB period frCID August 25th to September 8th, according to a summary of British Royal Air Force communiques just received here.

The Distinguished Service Order was given to 1st Lieut. A.F. Sonnalie, and special mention was made of the following combat in which JiDerican aviators participated:

"lit Lieut. H. R. Clay brought dDWl1an enemy airplane which was attacking an S. E. 5, and then attacked another whi ch was Cighting one of hi s own patrol and brought it down. He was then set on by three enemy airplanes and after fighting for three minutes 1st Lieut. C. Bissell of the same squadron, came to his assistance and shot down two of the hostile machines and drove another down out of control."

other Americans mentioned as bringing down enemy airplanes were;-

1st Lieutenants, 'A.S.S.C. 0'

F. ~. Dixon, 5538 Forbes St., Pittsburg, Pat T. L. Moore, Kewanee, Ill., 617 Chestnut st. E. W. Springs, Lancas;ar, Pa., (Leroy Springs, Father) E. H. Barksdale, Goshen Springs, Miss. F. E. Kindley, Gravetts. Ar,., (Uther Callahan, Cousin) C. I. McLean. New York City. N.Y. 776 Madison Ave., W. B. Knox, Princeton. N.J. #1. WestBrown Hall. Princeton Uni~~ F. E. Luff, Cleveland Heights, Ohio. 3046 Lincoln Blvd.(E.J. LufC, H. L. Bair, New Yo~k City, N.Y •• 111 West Illth st.. . Father) J. O. Creech. Tacoma Park, D. C. 6614 Harlan Place.

Enemy balloons were brought down by:-

2nd Lieutenant; I. P. Corse, Minneapolis. Mimn.2301 1st Ave. South ,(Irving L. Corse, Father) F. E. Luff, Cleveland Heights, Ohio. 3046 Lincoln Blvd. (H.l. LufC, Father) \','EEEI,Y 11E\1S LETTER - tJEEK ElIDING OC'rOBER 19, 1918

The "iar Dep

In an interviffiV with the washington correspondents on october 15th, second Assistant secretary of t~ rIp D. Ryan, Whorecently returned from an insp~ alcng 'the '\lestern front. said that his trip to France ~s to ace...uir6 theoest 1hfornat1on possible regarding production and operation ill t:18 Air Se:l.'vice, not alone in the united states or its EXpedi- tionary Fcrc~, but of t:'1eA::.lies as well, ani to endeavor to bring to our service whli.tever \Vas :ound. t.o be desirable and that would secure the best results. Mr. Rran sa:d:

''UPon reaching :i!TOJlCe I \vent almost innnediately to the front and was wi th OUr air forces during the st. Mihiel fight and also the one in the Argonne. I helie~e th~~ in both these offensives the air forces were stronger in !t'lllnberl:!a:~.dl~E->rlJ8,psashigh in efficiency as in any battle of the war. Thi e oprmcn ':7~~;:l i:'xpressed by both the French and Bri tish Com.-:.. manders aa ';VE;ollas by our ':-\'.'fhThe air forces in both offensives were under the direction of -:i1eftmer~.car.Commanderand while the French furnished a large ~.t o~ t~e fc~ces u~e~ and the British-co-operated, the American squadrons maile up ab0'nt bali' of the number participating. The testimony of all Col11nlt11ld~~'s~othOt.r own and those of tile A:!.lies was to the effect that our machille:s we.-e foU£ht well and tha..f;our pilots distinguiShed themselves. Their CO'lllile"lOa ~).O!l of t~e .,vork of our pi1:>ts was tenI.Pered only by a sugges- tion tha t reri1:lr5 O:l':.' b:.~'t:were toe venturesome and over courageous, and I am incl1'_led. tel 'tell.f;J~ t'":? ~ restraint more than anything else in the fighting of ai:r.C.l."~it.~J ne~e::;t)arr for our pilots.

liThe U. S. DeH:.lvila.ndplanes were in general use for observation and day bombing in botn. the st. 11ihiel a.."l4 the Argonne attacks and the pilots were to a mi,-,nenthu13iagt.ic as to their perfornance, and while indiVidual pilots and Jomnande~s bad st~gestionB as to improve~nts and betterments tha t might be lll••'lde the~' :7Elra individual and se Ldomindica ted anything more than a pe:'sC):l3.1p,,:'off:l'en,}efor some re-arra.ngement of details. The CODP;: . manders of all the Sq,'.V3.drm.HusingDeHaviland planes as well as planes of Bri tiSh and :French manut'acture for like pruposes told me that the pilots in every case would pref~I' to take a DeHaviland machine with a Liberty engine over the line ra.t:l.::r ~;han ~l1Y machine of a. like type. This is dl1e to the fact that the machlns is fa.gt and for one of its type is quite maneuverable; that it climbs weI] ~ld the pilots all agreed is a very efficient machine for the uses for Which i.t is intended.

"In paris and alse in London I met at conference the heads of the Air Ministries of ?rance and Great Britian, and the whole question of joint program now aimed at by the United states and the Allies is one that should utilize to the best advantage the faoUi ties and the resources of all the countries on our side of the war in rna. terials as well as in men. The Air 1anisters of the other nations were all in accord in arriVing at this 'lmder- standing" and I came home ple~ to them and they to J'lI8 to carry out in the closest oooperation a combined program that has the approval of the Cormand- ing Of'ficel's u.s ~:ell as tile heads of the Air Ministries of the other :~, / countries. ~~lecomoi ned a.ir services will be directed as the armies are, ../ and '"hile t..e Co;rn;13.n(~ingGe:leN.lof each of the na.tions controls hi s own air forces, 11el,lnces ita t the disposa.l or the Conm:anderin Chief just as he places the 6.ivisio1l3 of ilis army, nnd the rosult has already been seen in the great concelltratio'l of aircraft fighting at st. aihiel and tile Argonne S-;';C11ashas llov~r been br ougirt about in any previous action of the war.'

"0.1 .,,:, tl'ip the :I~iberty engine was the cause of more worry to me than anythinG' eLe t.eccuse n.1l of the Allied n....tions were demandi.ngmore of tbem t_~~,c~coru.d ,Io~,sibly be sU~jj)l;.ed. French, Bri tish and Italian have used the Liberty en::i'e 1:1 tl:eiJ.' own.oacrunes at the rr orrtand their building program as no.r L1id out ar-e '0:'.sed to a cons ider-ab Lo e::tent upon obtaining a supply of treie .rotor-s in h,.i.s country. I COlleho:.:e feeling that our Allies consider te ,,'['.]\;ess c ' ';11(. i)'Lited ~tates in producing tm s engine in large numbers o..e 'J' Fe ',:"'5 ":8;:J acconpl i shraent.s ill the war, Both the Bri tish and the .era.c, ar o '1,.,7 1,l,:~"'il6'the Liberty notor in pla:les that formerly carried eL,L,)s 0::: ei Lor ;j, ~'leaviel"vrei.ght or less power. I can safely say that the Libe::ty eE:;Le ':-lith ita hieh pover coobmed with lightness has greatly mcr-e.vsed t12 dfi"l( iency of some of the planes that the Allies have been usinG 0. t t..,e f:'c~~~:..': Jome time. Their representa Uves even expressed t1)e~.sA::'VJJ+'0 . " '.;J..~ it has Madenew'nacnfnea of several of their old types.

"iJlile I '.V..J.S abr-oad t'hl:l10,OOOti1 Liberty motor was turned out in Detroi t, ';,te:l you i-ec.ce. th:..:.t10,000 of t~1ese engines '.7i11 develop 4,000,000 horse pover , ~.'(jur-ea.li ee uhnt it means to the air rorces on our side to have them in such qn.l'd';' ties, anJ. ti.lat tr.is total has been produced Virtually since :ray Ls t, or in five rjo;:tils work.';

".i..'rO';1 n.) , c n my «. ",.[r '\!ill be so to lay down tee policy of production and the k~,itll.:;'')'-;p<'", ';" in this country as to perfectly fit such ITork into tile eor-bt nec. lxr'Oo~2.1 oi' tae Allies, so as to put into operation at the trou.t in the s.ior te s t ro:;C'ible time th.e greatest air power and efficiency in order to .ie Ip win tne ',:ar at the earliest da.y."

Major r-e~cr31 Ke1l1~'r.'ulepUblic on october 18th a letter sent by General pers.lL1:; 0:'1 sapt~j']b~r 16th to the Cdef of the ;.ir Forces of the First ~, ~. ~. F. It read as follows:

"Fle£.se cccep ' ny si acere congr-atula ti ons on the successful and very i"lportant Ilrt "'A:~":' b~' tJ,3 Air forces under your comraand in the first offensive of t.ie ~'i!,; ': /\,e:..,''.;3.:''lArmy. The organization and control of the tre~endous CO;lCe1.t:.'::; ~:.on of J..ir forces, including AJDerican, French, Bri tish and I tali~n ui: its, whic • L:J.Senabled t:le Air service of the Firs t .4rmy to carry out so su~cessn:!ly its dangerous and important mission, is as fine a tr ibute to ;"011 2e1'30n.] 1,>"as is the courage and nerve S~10wn by your officers a Sig.l;).l )roof of' U:e ~ligh morale '.7hich permeate s the service under your command•.

"please convey to your commandmyhe.::rtfelf appreciation of their wor-k, I am proud of you all. r. sincerely yours (signed) Jam; J. PERS::ING" ***"'******

2. .- -..----::--:------.-~:;..;:' :---.----~--....:-.- ~------.-::--: ----_." --~------0.5. 841 / "'In a cornmunicat10nreoe1ved by Major General '\J1111amL.Kenly from Rear Adm1ralC. F. Goodrioh, U. s. N., thll writer quoted from & letter wri tten by 1o:-d sydenbam, betterlmown to the service as Major George S". Clarke'ot',:the:;Ro~ Engineers, an a.uthority on fortifications. Jl&jor Clarke's . message was as follows: "Impress upon your people that ten thousand a.ir- planes a\ this junction, are \10rth more than five hundred thoUl8.nd combatants' a terre, and will not require nearlJ '0 much transport.we can bring Germany to terms b~' air force, that 11 certain." .....*******

Kajor Genli't'a:lVI. L. Kenly, Oolonel A. L. Fuller, I:.t. Colonel Hersey and. "Jor J. C. McCo~r&.Ct:'..nz as pilot, mac!.ea balloon flight on october 17th from \'.a.shing~on....0 Bal;j.m(\L"3, starting :trom the polo field in potomac Park at 12:.16 and landing shor~j.y before 5:00. Wbile in' the air these officers dropped Liberty ~ lite~.t~e • ...*****..**

\11111a.m c. Potte~, Acting Director of Aircraft Production, madepublic thla week a letter fr0IDt.ae British Air Mission in London, dated september 26t4, which read as 1'011';)\'7(\:

" .IAfter 100 hours t;1.ying, one engine (Iibert~) was stripped and tound to be in very .good condition. Tests have been made in the air. in :DeH&vilallii.i-A anet Dena~iland 10 machines. Engine. have performed 'wnifo~ satisfactorily in these tests. Infot- nation of;.;'ic1ally exp'!'essed tour months ago to etfect that engine '''1.0111dPl"OV~ s:"/~istacto1"71n service tully confirmed." I **.**** .... .\ <. {/ '. r DUring the l'ecent ez.plosion of the Gillespi Ihell loading plant at Morgan, Ne" Jersey, repol.ts ttr"tbl"""DtfIB1

several inattectue.l 8fforW to learn from the ground the direction and progress of the fire and where it was sate to send relief parties of the plant had a.lready been ma.deand caused the call tor the services of the a1J'plane.

Flying over the wrecked works at an altitude of 1000 teet, Lt. smythe 10 placed his plane that i:Jajor AJ'mstrongwas "ble to get this valuable information quiokly. For one thing, heAw lanes of tire leading from the demol- 1she4 loading sheds near the creek working tow&rdsthe' storage warehouses containing hundreds ot thousands Qf pounds ot T. B. T. Prom aloft he also W&8 a\le to make out openings through' these walls of fire and wr80kage by which men could be sent to check. the flames and attempt to save the property. 0.8. ("1

Altogether tbt pia••• 1ntbe au- over tbe b.urn1ng plant twenty minutes', during which tima Be1'ei'a.l hea."fY e~1081ons oCcurred, aeD11ng '. molten ste~l and b1as1ng~Qd ~r0U8ly near 1it. Hawe.er. it e.,caped wi thout 'being tomhed., al~ugb. ~ a.ltt blasts rocked tb8 lIh1p perilously • • TWoa.ttemp~s "ere a.lso D&4e by airplanes to photograph the t1~8 &D1 e::,i?losions, and altho. a number of exposures were l18de at aloo, 1500 &Q4 600 feet, and. el'en. ona cloBe 131>, at an altitude ot 50 teet, the films were destroyed throtAgh acoidents to tQe trigger and shUtter, UDdaubtedly oaae4 . by the heat from the tire. •••••••••• The first. of the reports rece11'8d by the Information Branch on the work Of thent:JWly or€>ani~9G.oentral 'buying ccmn1ttees in the 1'8.rious fields and carq:>s cam.6 ~.L t,his week from Post Field, Fort SIll, (JclabOfbl.. 1t s;howBa. saving of $230 on one truekloaci of fowls and garden truck Dade ontbe pwcha.2e of one truckload. In an effort to system&Use and arga.n1se in buying foolistufh for the combiD8d messes t tAle writer of tb8 report said tba. t the fa.rmel"S of the surround i ng terri tory were 1'181ted, told tbB object of thEl '1hi t anrt t11t;, fresh products purchased Gutrlght 'kept tbe messes 8uppli~C: dt.I.E'5&.19 MUrE)S a.t 90 cent&. Tonatoes and watermel0D8 were bought at a <,871t'.g'o~ al)~,r()xi.nately 100 per cent. '!O taeilitate the collecting ('.f ~~'PJ.l.i~t:, it 18 p1&mled to establish a. central point to which the farme:r:-scan bl'int; tnei~ prodU6e, at which station the Post Field ~ will ma.ke its c(lllC;tOU()~.

... . . '-';;;IT''

O.S. 863

FROUTHI:AERONAUTIC1.LINFO:RHATIONBRANCH

WEEKLYID},~lS IETTBR- WEEKEJ:DIHGOCTOB1R26, 1918

NOTETOEDITORS:

THEATTENTIO:r OF ALL EDITU?S IS CA.LLEDTO 1HE RELEASEDATEIN- DICA~D ONTHE CITATIONSFROrrGBIIBRALPERSHIlTG'SCOIrmUIQUE. YOUARE ALLO:!EDTO RAVE THIS IN ATlVANCEONLYON THE STIPULi.TIONTHATIT BE NOT r.!ADEPUBLICUNTIL TFERELEASEDATE. IT IS IHPERATIVETHATTH IS STIPU- LATIONBE ADHEREDTO.

**********

The War Department authorizes the following:

The Commander in Chief of name of the President, has aWB.:i:dedthe cross tho following officers and soldiers for the acts(ofr~ ••~~~~~~~e~r~o~m described after their names: Najor William Thaw, A.S., 103rd Aero Squadron. For extraordinary V' heroism in action near Rheims, France, 1~rch 26th, 1916. ~~jor Thaw was the leader of a patrol of three planes which attacked five enemy monoplane and. tnree battle planes. He am another member of the patrol brought down one enemy plane and the three drove down out of control two others ani dis- persed the remainder. The BraMe oak Leaf is awarded !Iajor Thaw for extraordinary heroism in action near rtontagne, France, April 20th, 1918. In the region of Honta.gne, Hajor Thaw attacked and brought dovm burning, an enemy balloon. While returning to his own lines the saee day, he attacked two enemy monoplanes, one of which he sho t down in flames. Home address: Benjamin Thaw, Jr., Care of lmerican Embassy, Paris, France.

" / First Lieutenant Edward V. Rickenbacker, A.S., 94th Aero Squadron, ~"/ For extraordinary heroism in action near Montsec, France, April 29th, 1918V Lieut. Rickenbaclcer attacked an enemy Albatross monoplane and after a vig- orous fight, in Which he followed his foe into German territory, he succeeded in shooting it down near Vigneulles-Ies Ratton Chatel. One bronze Oak Leaf is awarded Lieut. Rickenbaclter for each of the following acts of extraordinary heroism in action: On ~lay 17th, 1918, he attacked three Albatross enemy planes, shooting one down in the Vicinity of Richecourt, France, and forcing the ot~ers to retreat over their ovm lines. On May 22nd, 1918, he attacked thl~e monoplane Albatross planes four thousand meters over st. Mihiel, France. He drove them back into German terri tory, separated one from the group and shot it down near Flirey. On Hay 28th, 1918, he sighted a group of two battle-planes and four monoplanes, German planes, which he at once attacked Vigorously, shooting down one and dispersing the others. On l~ 30, 1918, '4,000 metera over Jaulnoy, Frame, he attacked a group of five enemy pl~1es. After a Violent battle, he shot down one plane and drove the others avm.y. Ho~ address: U:rs. \'lilliam Rick:enba.cker, 1334 E. LiVingstone sse«, Columbus, Ohio.

,.. • e ,\,

- .-. - .-. - ~------. ---- - ~-- as 863

-2- ~ First Lieut. :::Jougla.sCampbell, A.S., 94th Aero Squadron. For extraordinary heroism in action on ~ 19th, 1918. Lieut. Campbell attacke an enemy biplane at an al ti tude of 4600 meters, east of Flirey, France. He rtlI.shed to "the attack but after shooting a few rourns, his gun jamned. Undeterred by this accident, he malwuvered so as to protect himself, co rr-ected the jam in midair al1.d returmd to the assault. After a short, violent action, the enemy plane took fire and. crashed to the earth. One Bronze oak Leaf is awarded to Lieut. Campbell for each 0 f the following acts of e~traordinary !lerotsm 111 actiona On May 27th, 1918, he encountered three enemy monoplanes at an alti tude of 3,000 meters aver Montsec, France. Despite the superior strength of the enemy, be promptly attacked and, fightir.g a brilliant battle, shot down one oerman machine, which fell in three pieces, and drove tre otller two well wi thin the enemy lines. On ~i'JaY 28th, 1918, he saw six GermanAlbatroas aeroplanes flyi~ tmrard. him at an al ti tude of 2,000 meters near Bois Rata, France. BBgard- less of personal danger, he immediately attacked and by skillt'l1l maneuvering and accurate operation of his machine gun, he brought one plane down in flames and drove the ot1-:er five back into their own lines. on May 31st, 1918, he took the offensive against two German bi-planes at an altitade of 2500 maters over Lironville, France, shot down one of them and pursued the other far behirxl the German lines. On June 5, 1918, accompanied by another pilot, he attacked two enemy battle-p,lanes at an alt1 tude ot 5700 meters over Eply, France, After a spirited combat, Lieut. Campbell was shot through the back by a nachtne -gun bullet, but in spite of his 1njury, he '-,Ii kept on fighting until he had forced one of tm enemy planes to the growrl, _ where" it w~s destroyed by artillery fire, ~d had driven tbeother plane back lnto lts own territory. rA" :.." Homeaddress: W.W.Campbell, Lick Observatory, Nt. Ham11~on, Callf'o "-.

,.,. Second Lieut. Ralph A. ~., l47th Aero SCIl'!.adron. For ex- ., traord.inary heroism in action near Chateau Tl1ierrr", France, July 2nd, 1918. ., Lieut. O'Neill, and four other pilots, attacked 12 enemy batt1e..planes. In a violent battle wi thin the enemy's lines, they brought down 3 German planes, one of which was credited to Lieut. O'Neill. A"BI'onze Qa1t Leaf is awarded to Lieut. O'Neill for the following act of extraordinary heroism in action: On July 5th, 1918, Lieut. O'Neill led 3 other pilots in battle against 8 Ger- man pur sut t-planes near Chateau Thierry, Fj,.ance. Lieut. O'Neill attacked t:"le leader opening fire at about 150 yards" and closing up to 10 y..s. r8Dg8. After a quick and decisive fight, the enemy aircraft fell in flames. Lieut. O'Neill then turned on three otl~r 'machines that were attacking him from the rear and brought one of them down. The other five enemy planes were 0.1'1ven away. Homeaddress: Mrs. R. L. O'Neill, 218 Sonoita St., Nogales, Arizona. "/ 1st Lieut. JamlS A. neissner, A.S., 94th Aero Squadron. For extra- \/",J ordinary heroism in action In the Toul Sector in May 1918. He attacked . three enemy planes at an al ti tude of' 4800 meters aver the Foret De La :Rappe, Prance , After a short fight, he brought down one of the machines in flame •• During the combat, the entering wedge and the covering of the upper winge of Lieut. l''ie1ssner's plane were torn ~ am after the battle he was subjected to heavy fire from anti-aircraft batteries, but by skilfUl operation and cool jUdgment, he succeeded in making a landing wi thin the AJDer1C8Z1 lines. The Bronze Oak Leaf is awarded Lieut. Meissner for the following act of ext raord.mary heroism in action: on Iia.y 30th, 1918, be attacked two enemy planes at an al ti tude of 4500 zmters, above JaulnOJ', France, and after a sharp engagement shot one down in flames and forced the othar back into its o,m ter~itory. H~~ _~~~~~s: __Ca~!...A._ I.'i~~s.9D~r...45 LenQ%.-Road__Btt\£\.klvn. R __Y ------. -3- o,s. 863 ~

Captain David ;119K. Peterson, A.S., 91th Ae ro Squad ron , For e~~tra- /' ordinary heroism in Qcti~n ne3.rl:.uneville, F~~ance on Yiay 3rd, 1918. Leadi~/ a patrol of three, Cap tafn Peterson enc oun tered five enemy planes. at an al ti tude of 3500 meters J'lQ imrr.ediatelygave battle. Not",ithstanding the fact he' was attacked from all sides, th is officer, 1:Jyskillful maneuvering, succeeded in shoo ting down one of tr.eenemy planes a.l1CL di spersing the remaining four. The Bro~e oak Leaf is awarded to Captain Peterson for extraordinary heroism in action near Thiauoourt,Fr3nce on May 15th, 1918. While on a patrol alone Captain Peterson encotUltered t~~ enemy planes at an altitude of 52 rr.eters. He promptly attacked, despite the odds, and shot down one of the enemy planes in f'Larre s, rnile thus engaged, he was attacked from above by the second enemy plane, but by skillful maneuvorihg he succeeded in shoo t i ng it dovm al so. Hom; address: P. B. Peterson, Honc sda.Lo, Pa. / 1st Lieut. Frank A. Llewellyn, Pilot, 99th Auro Squadron. \L Home address: Hrs. ':1. A. L!'owellyn, Mother, 5636 Kenwood Avenue, C' icago , Ills., and 2nd Lieut. Roland H. Nce L, C.10, Observer, 99th Aero Squad an. Home address: Joseph N. Neel, father, Macon, Ga. For extraordinary horoismin action east of Saint Die, France, August 17th, 1918. Lieut. Llewollyn acting as pilot, and Lieut. Neol, acting as observer, carried on successful liaison with infantry during tho attack on Frapelle. They flew over tho'enemy lines at an altitude of only 400 meters, firing on and disconcerting the enemy and thereby giving courage and confidonce to the Ar.erican Forces. Despite heavy fire from fifteen anti-aircraft machine guns and several batteries of anti-aireraft artillory, they performed their work effiCiently. Their aeroplane was struck by a number of nachtna-gun bullets. one of which cut the rudder and e lovator control wires and caused the rudder to jam. The broken control wire was held and operated by Lieutenant Neel under direction of Lieutenant Llewellyn. Running the machino together in this manner, they continued their liaison work until the plane began to bocome unmanageable, v.hen, in spite of its damaged condition. they brought it back to their airdrome.

Lieutenant Thomas J. Ah,>crlitthy,A.S., 147th Aero squadron. For extra- ./ ordinary heroism in action near Vourbin, Franco, July 15, 1918. Lieutenan~ .~ Abernathy while on patrol duty, attacked an enarny plane at close range, fi~ a hundred round sat a di stan ce off rom fif ty to two hundred yards. He followed the German ship dovm and saw it fallout of control, and as he turned he found five enemy planes diving at him. \"lithouthesitation he took the offensive and fired t~~ hundred rounds iuto the enemy ships at not more than fifteen to ~lcnty yatds. He observed tracer bullets entering the bodies of the enemy aircraft but owir.g to the violence of the combat, he did not r~ve time to observe Whether any of his forco were shot down. FightinC Vigorously, he succeeded in dispersing the enemy ships and lnaking a safe landi~€ within his own lines, although his own engine and plane were almost shot to pieces. Home address: Mrs. J. S. Abe rna thy, "Jest Pembroke t Maine. "------~ Sec~nd Lieutenant Alan F. Winslow, A.S., 94th Aero Squadron. For extra- / urdinary heroism in action i~ the Toul Sector on June 6, 1918. VYhile on a patrol consisti~ of himself and two other pilots, he encountered a biplane of the enemy at an al t i tude of four t.hou sand meters, near St. Mihiel, France. He promptly and vigorously a t tacked ani after running fight, ex- tending far beyond German lines, shot his foe do~n in flames near Thiaucourt. Home address: W. H. \7inslow, 2628 Hampd.en Court, Chicago, IJ1,inois. ------~~.-= ~- .._--

-4- os 863

It has been reported by t~ Amorican Red Cross that Lieut. Alan F. Winslow, is nOVl a prisoner of war in CampLazarett, Gern~. until this recent report, Lieutcn&1t ~insl~1 was be1ievvd missing in action since July 31st, aft~r a ~ight in the air northoast of Fere en Tardenois. His fa thor \V. H. Winslow, 0 s Chicago, rn,; has also been advisod by the Rod Cross in paris, that his son is a prisoner at Tier in Gern1any, whore he , is doing nicoly, al though his left arm has boon amputated. Confirmation of Lieutenant Winslow's being a prisoner has also been received from .his brother, Liout. paul S. Winslow, American Air Service, London.

**********

I r- FOR Il!iEDIJl.TERELEASE

The Commanderin Chief Arisricsn E~editionary Forces bas awarded the distinguished service cross to tho follmving officers and soldiers I for tho acts of extraordinary heroism described after their names: V Second Lieutenant Earl W. Porter...... observer, Air Service. "For oxtr ordinary heroism in action near Lassi~ France, August 9, 1918. Lieu- tenant Porter, with first Lieutenant Charles Ra:YtOOndBlake,Pilot, while on a reconnai seance expedi tion at a low al ti tudo and beyond the enomy lino s , was attacked by five Germanbattle planes. Although wounded at the be- Binning ot the combat, Lieutenant Porter shot down one of the enemy machines and by cool and courageous operation of his gun, while his pilot skillfUlly manlGKered the plane, fought off the others and made possible a safe re turn to friendly terri to ry" • Homeaddress~ Mrs. Amy Porter, 1008 Poplar Street, AtlantiC. Iowa. I - / Second Lieutenant ~vi..d C. Beebe, pilot, Fiftieth Aero Squadron. "10\/ extraordinary heroism in action near Saint Mihiel, France, Septembor 13 1918. Lieutenant Beebe. with Second Lieutenant Franklin B. Bellows, observer, executed a reconnaissance mission early in tho morning of the second. day of the saint Mihie1 offensive, in spite of clouds, high wind and mist, flying at an altitude of only 300 motors and 'without protection of accompanying battle planes. Although subjected to sovero tire from

I ground batterios they penetratod eight kilometers behind the German lines. Lieutenant Beebe's motor was badly damaged and his observer, Lieutenant B'ellows, was mortally wounded. Despite these conditions he succoeded in bringing the disable-d machino safely to his lines." Homeaddressl C. :D. Beebe, fatner, 622'.James St., Syracu~e, N.Y.

Franklin D. Bell~ceased, observerPiftieth Aero Squadron. For Ixtraordinary he~n aetion near Saint ~Uhiel, France, September 13,1 Lieutenant Bello\vs, with Second Lieutenant David C. Beebe, pilot. executed' a reconnaissance mission early in too morning of the socom dG\Vof tho Saint Mi.hiel offensive, in spite of low clouds, high wind and mist, flying at an al ti tude of only 300 rooters and witheut. protection of accompanying battle planes. Although subjected to severe fire from ground batteries" they penetrated eight kilometers beyom the C~rmanlines. Lieutenant •Beebe'8 motor was badly damaged and Lieutenant Bellows was mortally wounded am died just after tm disabled machfne landed safely in friendly territory." Next of Kin: John A. Bellows, fatner, 1109 GreonwoodAvo., Wilmette, Ill. =------_ .. ~... - ..-

-4- OS 863

It has been reported by t~ Amorican Red Cross that Lieut. Alan F. Winslow, is nOVla prisoner of war in CampLazarett, Gorn~. Until this recent report, Lieutcn&1t ~insl~1 was believud mdssing in action since July 31st, aft~r a ~ight in the air northoast of Fere en Tardenois. His father W. H. Winslow, of Chicago, Ill., has also beon advtaed by the Red Cross in Paris, that his son is a prisoner at Tier in Gern~ny, whore lw , is doing niculy, al though his left arm has been amputated. Confirmation of Lieutenant Winslow's being a prisoner has also been received from . his brothor, Liout. Paul S. Winslow, American Air Service, London.

"'****"'''''''**

FOR U!iEDIATERELEASE

The Commanderin Chief M[srican E;~editionary Forces has awarded the distinguished service cross to tho following officers and soldiers , for tho acts of oxtraordinary heroism described after their names: ;/

Second Lieutenant Earl W. Porter...... observer, Air Service. "For oxtr ordinary heroism in action near Lassi~ France, August 9, 1918. Lieu- tenant Porter, with first Lieutenant Charles RaymondDlake, Pilot, while on a reconnaissanca expedition at a low alti tudo and beyond the emmy Unes, was attacked by five Germanbattle planes. Although wounded at the be- l Binning ot the combat, Lieutenant Porter shot down one of the enemy , machines and by cool and courageous operation of his sun, while his pilot , skillfUlly mantaKered t~e plane, fought off the others and made possible a safe return to friendly terri to ry". Homeaddress~ Mrs. Amy Porter, 1008 Poplar Street, Atlantic. Iawa. I . ' Second Lieutenant ~v41 C. Beebe, pilot, Fiftieth Aero Squadron. "\/'10 extraordinary heroism in action near Saint Mihiel, France, Septelli)er 13 1918. Lieutenant Beebe, with Second Lieutenant Franklin B. Bellows, observer, executed a reconnaissance mission early in the morning of the second day of the saint Mihiel offensive, in spite of' clouds, high wind and mist, flying at an altitude of only 300 meters and vn.thout protection of accompanying battle planes. Although subjected to severe tiro from ground batterios they penetratod eight kilometors behind the German lines, Lieutenant Beebe's motor was badly damaged and his observer, Lieutenant B'ellows, was mortally wounded. Despite these conditions he succeeded in bringing the disabl8"d machine safely to his lines." Homeaddressl C. J). Beebe, father, 622'.Jamos st ,; Syracu~e, N.Y.

Franklin D. Bell~ceased, observerPift1eth Aero Squadron. For Ixtraordinary hel"01"siii1.naction near Saint Mihiel, France, September 13,1 Lieutenant Bello\vs, with Second Lieutenant David C. Beebe, pilot, executed' a reconnaissance mission early in too morning 0 f the socom d~ of the Saint Mihiel Offensive, in spite of low clouds, high \Vim and mist, flying at an al ti tude of only 300 IMters and without, protection of accompanying battle planes. Although subJected to severe fire from groum batteries,. they penetrated eight kilometers beyom the C-crmanlines. Lieutenant 'Beebe's motor was badly damaged and Lieutenant Bellows \vaB mortally wounded am died just after tm disabled machino landed safely in. friendly territory." Next of Kin: John A. Bellows, fatoo r, 1109 GreonwoodAve., Wllmette, Ill. •

-5- O.S.863

Second Licut.enant n. ,)::.Decastra, Air Service, First Aero squadron, ./' pilot. ~'For extrao rdd.nary horoism m action near saint ~tl.hlel, Fran¥ September 12, 1918. Because of intense aerial activity on tho opening day of the Saint Mihiel offonsive, Lieutenant Decastro, 'pilot, and First Lieutenant A. E. Est~rbrook, observer, volunteered to fly' over the enemy's linos on a photographic mission, ~~thout the usual protection of accompanying battle planes. Nothwithstanding the low hanging cloudS, which necessitated operation at an altitude of only four hundred metres, they penotrated four kilorreters beyond the German lines. Atta.cked by - four enemy machines, they foU€;ht their foes, completed their photographic mission ani r eturned safely." Homoaddress. firs. M. G. Decast~, mother, 601 East Seventeenth Street, Brooklyn, NewYork. t/ First Lieutenant A. ~. Estl3rbrook. j.ir Service, observor, First Ae ;'" Squadron. "For extraordinary heroism in action near saint Mihiel, Fran Soptember 12, 1918. Because of intense aerial activity on the opening day of ~l1eSaint Mihiel offensive, Lieutenant Esterbrook, observer. and Second Lieutenant R. E. Decast ra , pilot, volunteered to fly over theenemyts lines orr a photographic mission, without the usual protection of accompanying battle planes. NotWithstanding the low hanging clouds, which necessitated opera tf on at an al t i tude of only four hundred nn tros , they penetrated four kilometres beyond the German lines. Attacked by four enemy machines, they foueht off their foes, comp1€ted their photographic mission, and returned safely." Hormaddress: Major E. P. Esterbrook, Father, Fort Flagler, Washington.

First Lieutenant William P~ir servtce , First Squadron. ext raord tnary heroism in action in t1iO Chateau-Thierry and Saint-Mihi salients, France. Lieutenant Erwin, with Second Lieutenant Byrne E. observer, by a long period of faithful and heroic operations set an inspiring example of courage and devotion to duty to his entire squadron. Throughout che Chateau-Thierry actions in June and July, 1918, he fl8\v under the \~rst weather conditions and successfully carried out his missions in the face of heavy odds. In the Saint Mihiel sector September 12-15, 1918,' he repeated his previous courageous work. He flew as low as fifty feet from the ground behind the enemy's lines, . ~assing German troops v~th machine Gun fire and subjecting himself to attack from ground batteries, machine guns and rifles. He twice drove off enemy planes which were attempting to destroy an American observation balloon. On September 12-13, he flew at extremely low al t i tudes and carried out infantry contac t patrols successfully. Again on September 12, he attacked a Gc~:n battery; forced ,the crew to abandon it, shot off his horse a German officer who was trying to escape, drove ,the cannoneers to their dugouts, and kept them there until the in- / fantry could come up am capture them." Homeaddress: William A. Erwin, fatter, 814 Fine Arts Building, Chicago, .111.

Lieu~TheOdore E. B~ Seventh Field Artillery, observer attached to the Ei~,'hty-eighth Aero Squadron. "For, ntnordinary heroism in action near Conflans, France, September 14,19l8~_ This officer, being detailed for the protection of a photographic mission v~th five other planes, proceeded on his mission when three of the escorting planes failed to join the formation. \1n1ile flying near Conflans, the fonna tion engaged in combat wi. th five enemy pursuit planes. Woundedin both legs, the left foot and tho right elbow, he displayed exceptional tenacicy ar.d courage ~ continuing to fire his guns until the enemy were put to flight." Homeaddress: G. Boyd, Ashland City, Te~~essee. First Lieut. Charles Raymo~Bl~...A'riat1on Section. "For extra- V ordinaI7 heroism in. ac tion near Lass , France, August 9. 1918. Lieutenant Blake, wi th SecoDi Lieut. Earle W. Porter, observer~ While on a reconnaissance expadf tion at a low al t1tude far beyond the eneD\Vlines was attacked by fi7e Gel"JDBD battle-planes. His observer was ,ovoUD1eltat the beginning of the combat, but he maneuvered his plane so skillfully that the observer was able to sboot down one of their adversaries. By !OOreskillful maneuvering he enabled his obsel'Ter to fight off the re- , ma.ining planes and returned safely to friendly territory." Homeaddress: Mrs, Eileen W. Blake, grandmother, 17 Zmver se., Westerly, R. I. ~

Secom Lieut. Dogan H. pthur ...... pilot. U.S~A.S., Twelfth Aero squadronV' "For extraordinary heroism in ac tion in the Saint Mihlel sall~nt, september 12, 1918. Lieutenant Arthur and seccm Lioutenant HowardT. Fleeson, observer, executed a difficult mission of infantry contact patrol, without protection of accompanying battle planes on tho first day of the Sdnt Mihiel 0 ffensive. After being driven back twice by a patrol of nine eneD\V planes, they courageously nade a third attempt in the face of a third attack by the sane planes, found. the American lines, aJld after being shot downbut falling uninjured in friendly terri tory, commmicated their valuable infonnation to headquarters." . Homeaddress: W. D. Arthur. father, 61 East Main St., union, SO. Carolina.

Second Lieut. HowardT•..l.leeson, observer, S.C., Twelfth Aero squadronv "For cx tracrdf.nary heroism in action in the saint ~,!ihiel salient, September 12, 1918. Lieutenant. Fleeson ani Second Lieut. DoganH. Arthur, pilot, executed a difficult mission of infantry contact ];atrol, without protect.Ion of accom)a.nying battle planes on the first day of the saint Mihiel offensive. After bei~ driven back twice by a patrol of nine enemyplanes, trey courageously made a third attempt in the face of a third attack by the same planes, found the American lines t and after bei~ shot dO\V1l,but falling uninjured in friendly territory, communicated their valuable infol~tion to headquarters." Homeaddress: William H. Fleeson, brother, Sterling, Kansas.

First Lieut. Phil A. H~-U.S.A.S., Twelfth Aero Squadron IOb8e~ "For extraordinary heroism m the Tau1 sector, France, August 28th 1918. V~ile on an unprotected reconnaissance mission with Lieut. Edward Orr, pilot, he encountered a patrol of eight enemypursuit planes near the American balloon lines, WhenLieutenant Orr attaclmd the planes which had 4ived at the American balloon, Li.eut.enant Henderson engaged the other eight enemy machines which were attackbg from too rear. In the violent battle v.hich followed all nine of the enemywere driven off." Homeaddress, A. G. Henderson, father, care U.S.Fish Hatchery, Kalama, Washington.

First Lieut. ~.~ .Orr,..daeeaeed, pilot U.S.A.S., '1':relfth Aero Squa.ciron. "For extraordinary ~1eroismin action in the Taul sector, Francv. AUG~st28th, 1918. Lieutenant Orr, f1yi~ \nth Lieut. Phil A. Hendorson Infzntry, observer, on an unprotected rocolrnaissanco mission,encountered a patrol of eight enemy pursui t planos near the .Alterican balloon line. The pa tro I was sigh ted jus t as one of them dived on the balloon wi th the intention of destroying it. Without he*ltation Lieutenant Orr attacked this plane and followed 1t to within fifty ne te rs , firing his single front Gun against the double guns wi th vlhich :he Gelmanplane was equrpped, In t~le rooantime, Lieutenant Henderson erg aged tho other eight planes, which

- ._------_.------~-----.-- -7- O.S. 863 attacked from tl:o rear. A,ftu:,.'c. vi oLc..t combat all tho enemy ~lanos wore driven 0 ff. On S()ptemb\~l'14th, Lioutonant Orr was accidently killed." Next of kin: E. K. Orr, Fa choz-, ~~l Wood.la.\'/l1Avcnuo, Chicac;o, Illinois.

S6cond Liout. Byrre E. Daucom,~c., observor, First Aero Squadron. "For eXi,raordinary }1ero1snrtn-actton in the Chateau Thierry

***"'******** \ I An offic. 1 communication received confirms thG death of Lieut. " C. J. Ross, f the A. E. F. BalLoon Corps, E. H. ~oss, 302 Horth Franklin st., Tl 1.1 He, Pa , , Pa cher , Eye 'i;i tnesseso f the action in which he was killed arrived by the s~re ste~nship as brought the communication. From them it was learned that the AJ:1cricanballoons wero in use on a. special mission on this occasion, vmich was a day of overcast skies. Suddenly d1.:.ringan intonse bombardment by the American Artillery which was being directed by Lieutenant Ross, a Hun all' sCfLladronappeared out of a cloud bank, dived for the balloon carrjing this efficient observer and one of the planes reached it setting it on fire. . Lieutenant Ross' companion had some trouble in getting out of the baske t , thus involvinc a delay, and :he observer remained to see him safely clear before he jmnped himself. His delay proved fatal since his parachute in its slow flight was overtaken and ignited by burni16 wreckage from the balloon and he was killed instantly by the resulting fall. ,This is the first death in the Arr.erican balloon corps since it has been on the line s , From the report it appear-s tha t the Huns were willing to saorifice' a. squadron of p'Ianes to stop the devastating artillery fire, ___ I) \'h1ich hinged on the work of the observer. One of the new balloon fields that are now being established in the South will be nannd after Lieut. Ross, ollie first of the .American Balloon Observers to die in action. Lieutenant Ross was appointed from Penn- sylvania. He graduated from the Officers Training School at Fort Niagara, was transferred to the Be.l1oon Corps am". !lis balloon training was completed at the American Balloon School at Borde~uxt France.

************ -8- O.S. '::63

.hi Io te,ki'lg off t:or a pr"clic-.; ;'li 11t f'r or; Bolli:1f;' Field last :onday, Li eu tc ncn t R. F. ?:acki.;'s c.n,''ir.,; began mi s s i rr; and eventually cut ant. 0';/i:'l, toc;1C hiGh north wi nd ~)r0vc.ili.1G, ;'.:i1dthe fact that \.; was D.,: a v : --:1Low al t i tudc , tho pilot was unable to seloct his landing j'~round, and, a t t cr Missing two trees, touched a th i r-d ':Iith one \'/i11£,' ',/hich ,;ufficed to turn the plane ups idc down, in ':/hich pos i t Ion it crashed into a cot tage , 'i.' c ro rco 0 f the crash broke both pr ope Ll cr blades and bent the r/inc;s ill over the :usela..rro. T>D ::,ilot\'las unhurt.

:!anned by avfa t i on nfficcl:S. of :11e :;"1.:':.'1;;0 Cor-ps ana the Navy, and '.:i~.h t''10 civilian ~.-;cch:c.:nicsaboard, t he first of tho Navy's twi n-mot.o r- :iirigi1les flow over ''-''as::j:'L;ton last Tu.:;sday morn ing at the comp.Let Lon -,)f \'he first lap of appr-oxirna te Ly three hund rcd and fiftelJn miles, of a fliGht fro~ Nrron, Ohio, to Rockaway, N.Y. The big dirigible landed at the Anacostia aviation field for a fresh supply of' f'uoL, but resumed its flight at 1:17 P.H. The start was made frOM ic]-::ront he same morning at 1:10 A.Ii., Central 'l'ime, and the landing \7aS made at 11:10 Eastern Timo, a runn ing time of nine hours, approximatoly J5 miles an hour. T:;o flit.;1t over "!ashi,1gton was made at a low olevation ani as tho iiriei bI e f'Low over .he NOVI Navy building, then circled over the rn1ito Hovse and T eas.rry , thou sam s had a close vio w 0 fit. 'l';~c f'oLl.owin., were the cro\'! on board: j',jajor B. L. Srni th, Harine ~orps; Li,~ut. R. A. D. ?rllstoy:, U. S. u, R. F.; Lieut. (j.g.1 D. T. Hood, U. S. N. R. F.; Lieut. (j.g.) vi, L. Hamlin, U. S. II. R. F., and ~!. Roulette and James Royal, civilian mechan i.c s ,

Referrin[ to General Pershing's recent requEi.t for more airplane am b:>.lloon observers, the Divi sian of :,:Uitary Aeronau tics announces to applic~nts the qualifications necossa~r for this \~rk and what the supple- mentary course of instruc tion will be after the candidate has boen accepted. 'rhe s ta tc.nen t folloVls:

1. The civilian applyil~ for trainir€ as aerial observer is sub- j('cted~o a rigid phys i cal examir-a ti on , Tho policy of the Air Service has been to accept only those inQivldu~ls who are free from physical defects t.nat might interfere \"/i th tj:oir efficiency in the air. Ob- servers are required to take the s~ physical eY~ination as pilots. In v icw cf his responsibili ties and thoso duties which bring him in contact wi c ': officers of tho lino, often of high rank, importance is also attached to tho illtollectual and educational qualifications of tho applicant.

2. Tho applicant is first sent to a ground school wrare he receives instruc~ion on general military matters as is necessary to fit him to be an officer of the Army. Formal close order and physical drill also form an important part of this stage of his training. In additiOn he commences his work in wireless telegraphy, in the interpretation of aerial photobraphs and on machine Guns. An offort is made at this time to eliminate those not su it ed to the wo r-k in question and to givo those selec cod a grounding in tr.e subjects of their later advanced training. The ground school course will last about eight or nino weeks. -9- 0.8. 963

3. After com!,letil~3' this work successf\1.lly, the student wlll g~ to ono of tho Schools 0 f Fire; that of t1:e Field Artillery is at Fort 5111, OklahoinB.,and that of the Coast Artillery is at Fortress Honroe, Virginia. At these schools the rogt.'!.lar course for Artillery Officers vnll be ~iven, oxcept that subjects not of use to observers will be uliminatod. Each of these schools require knowledge of mathematics. The course at Fortress Monroe is mora teclmical than that at fort Sill, as it deals vnth heavy guns, and an effort is made to select for the Coast Artillery course those students Whohave had advanced mathematics. At each school the course is seven weeks.

4. The Students completing the Artillory course will go 1JDned1ately to the Observers' Schools at Fort Sill or Langley Field. There they will take up again the \70m on machine guns and COllTpletetheir training in aerial photography, and wireless tolegraphy. Their first flight. are made at those schools; and before they leave thCD they are com- petent to execute any of the duties of an aerial observer, that is, reconnaissance, the. taki~ of aerial photographs, surveillance of htst1le zones, the observing. of artillery fire, ani infantry contact patrol work. This course will be about five weeks. . .'0,

5. To complete th3ir training and just before going overseas, students will be sent to Selfridge Field for a three weelal course in aerial gunnery. This includes firing at targets from the air, both stationary and moving, targets on land, on water and. in the air, together with .J combat work be tween aizpla:ne s wi th the so-called camera gaD to train . , the student so that in case of a Hun attack he is able to defend both ~i himself and his pilot. The facilities at Solfridge P1eld aJe au4h and the ins truc tfon so a::.'ranged that this work is able to be finished in three weeks.

6. No definite limit has been placed on the age of obserTen. JIm

have bean trained successfully for this work Whohave been older thaD i pilots but What is absolutely required, no matter what the age, is .~ quick and accurate thinking, sount judgment, clear and forcible expre •• loD and truthfulness...... "'.."'...... RATION FOR AMERICAN SOLDIERS ~ AS PRISONERS

A ration for AImrican soldiers held as ~risoners in Ge1'Dl8:Dl has beeD prepared by the Subsistence Division of the Quartermaster Corps. This ratioD will be dis t,..ibuted by the Divisions of the A.>mricanRod Cross in l)emJark and S\7i. herland. Individual packages, containing sufficient food to supply one man, are sent to prison camps each week. The chief components ot the package are as follows: Corn beer and salmon, (with an occasional sub- . sti tution of corn beGf hash and canned roast beef) hard dry bread, dry beans '~. rice, baked beans and fresh phGatoes (wmre possible). Prunes, jam, apples~ peaches, COffee, sugar, evaporated milk, Vinegar, salt, pepper and pickles are supplied. Potatoos and onions are procured Whenpossible in France ani Italy, otberwrse dehydrated phta.toes and onions are used. Special food is sent for the invalid prisoners; this ration Oonta1niJg potted chicken, crackers, concentrated soup, dehydrated spinach, creamed oatmeal, corn starch pudding, sweet chocolate, extract of beet, soluble ~('ffee and bran. There are a nuni>er of substl tues for all the items

_ ._,A..~. __ . - _._-- •. -~_....-.--._ .....--_._---'-----"'----'---~--- r-~~------_._------_ ----_._------

-10- 0.8.

t1oned. -"8 tile aubaUtuII •• b.i"8 dri.d egg•• potted V8••1. ebe•••• 863/ &nut butter, dried apricots, honey, corn meal, platina, mal ted milk er, bouillon cubes, apple8, oranges, lemms, cocoa ani tea • ......

DIVIsrODL ~ LAUNDlUES

Seventeen divisional camp laundries, Which will taJm care of aU the J,aundry requirements of an Army division, are nearlpg completion for the Conservation' Reclamation Division of the Quartermaster Corps. Twent,y-six mobile laundrJ units have alreq been shipped overseas and manufacturers are now making shipments at the rate of about four per week. Each mobile ~aundry unit consists of a steam tractor, four trailers which carry laUJJ4ry' IIBchinery am equipoent, aDi one supply truck. The steam tractor hauls laundry unit to the point where it operates and then furnishes steam and r for the four trailer,., which constitute the laundry. The arrangement f the units permdts their ~is-aasemblement and movement to a new' location .. ~ irty minutes after the laUl1d.rJ 08ases to operate...... ( ......

FLOUR CONSUMPTION BY AFJrt IN OCTOBER AND NOVEUBER

For consumption by tb:t Arrrry in OCtober am Noveni;)er, the Subsistence Division of the Quartermaster Corps has purchased 47,000,000 pounds or ~39,796 barrels of flour. Seventeen million pounds are for domestic con- lumpt10n and thirty million pouml for tb:! tro6ps in France. The Subsistence Division has arranged with the Food Administration to ~ for flour by sight '1raft. This enable. millers to bid more freely for Government business an! helps the Army to buy flour at a low price. MOre than 4~OOO,OOOgallons of syrup have been purcl~sed for the troops Pverseas by the Suba1steJK:e Division. Syrup, befUdes being used on hot cakes by the troops, is also used extensively in the sweetening of cakes and pies, thereby conserving sugar. , OVer 100,000,000 cans of salmon -- one year's supply for the Arrrrt - have just been purchased, of Which more than 80% will be used by the over- leas forces. It is estiDated tl:at 16 ounces of salmon are equivalent to a:> ounCY of beef. Concentration of the product makes it particularly adapt- able to mobile and trench warfare. More than $1,000,000 worth of evaporated milk has just been purchased for the American Expeditionary Forces by the .Su~sistence Division. This quanti. ty is sufficient to supply the needs for lone month...... •...."'.. IR3IGNIA ADOPTED FOR MOTOR TRMSPORT CORPS

The insignia of the Motor Transport Corps has been adopted. It consists of a bronze wheel upon which is superimposed a Winged hat. The Wheel is symbolio of power, as its fUnction is to transmit or modify motion, and forms an essential part 0 f nearly every kind of rrechanfam or device. The particular form of v.neel chosen is, of course, tlE wheel of a motor vehicle. The winged hat is the classical, broad-brimned petasus, as worn by the Greek god Hermes, Whowas not only the swift, sure m3ssenger of the gods but also t:'e god of roads, For officers the vt1eel is silver tired, while the en- llPted men will wear the insignia of solid bronze and in the regulation ),,,~~"'...4'",_ -11- 0.8. 863

The Corps has also been authoriEed to use a purple hat cord, the color having been established by a general order. The hat cords will soon make tl~eir appearance t a1 though they are not likoly ever to become commonon the , streets of our cities. The ~~tor Transport Corps is essentially an over- leas organisation, am. men as well as officers BOOtoFrance very soon after finishing their short but intensive training courses. The need for trained motor roochanics and for drivers is very prossing and grows more so as the manufacturers speed up their produotion of trucks. Tho recently organiEed schools of the Corps are filling up rapidly and more , schools are to be opened soon. Drivers are graduated. in three weeks, those \1 making the highest averages being rated as "P1rst Drivers" and the others as '''Assistants''. The former are rm.de oorporals on their assig:mnent to aotive I : cluty. Skilled IOOchanics for the Repair and Reconstmction parks reoeive : longer courses of training, and if possossed or executive ability as well as I. mechanical skill are usually made sergeants.

, , \ "'4' "'t""" •. -. "', ' "!l):I!

• ,,~~ flEP AR'lYENT 05891 Ai ~ Service Y Division ot M~litary Aeronautic8 ~adnington. D. C.

WEEKLY NEWS LETtER - WEEK ENDING NOV~f.BER 2, 1918

Knocked down by a heavy wind stonn 8000 feet over Big Cypres8, torced to land in the Everglades of Florida, and rescued from exhaustion and .t~on , by Sflninole Indians. are a tew of the experiences of an air pilot trta1 Car18tram F1eld. Later these san.e &eminole Indians, whose primitive fastness was invaded by this modern eliminator ot ttme,and space, helped to pull the plane out ot the SW!IIlplnwhich it wae buried, bro spare parts for it in their "glade boats" ,and then helped the pilot to 3et is plane into the air aguin.

Lieut'lwaant&111th, the photographic detachment, was the pilot ln .this adventure. He ha ertaken the work ot photographing a shorter line ot flight over the Everglades to Fort Meyer8, and was on a flight With his c.mera ~t the time. He had reached an altitude ot 7000 teet above the great ... p when he observed a stann approaching fram the South and had changed his'course to the southwest in an effort to get around it. Then finding this ~po ••ible, he had veered to the west and attempted to climb aboft it. At eooo t.et, however. he encountered a terrific wind tram the north which made the ship almost unmanageable, tossing it fir8t on One Wing and then on the other in a Yertical position and twice puttin~ the ship alm08t completely on its back. Nevertheless, he kept on to the south 1Vith'the sight ot land obliterated by the stOnD under hir.l.

In his report, Lieutenant smith told ~t his adYenture aa follows:o

" "The motor at this point cut out twice and I had to )Molt the plane " in a nose dive to ciear itself, which it did, SUddenly the ship broke through the clouds and I saw the cypress sw_ps iaDediately below ae. As the .0tGr was still ~1ving trouble and there was .nothing to it' but a toroed landing, I headed tor the East coast, knowing that there ware .hallow water spote in these di striats where a laming could be eff.ected with cClIIIpara:tiyeeatet, u

against dro~p~ng into Big Cypress. ""

."So the flight was continued south along the cCIDparatively ahallow and open places tringing the Big Cypress. and gradually turning east till the gas gave out. Landing was made 48 miles wen of Miami and in a Une due t .~ ,01 the Tampa-Miami Trail Canal. There were no dry spots to land on, the .hip turned over on its back. Sergeant O'Connor, my passenger, cut h$lplipe and bruised his body and both right and lett shins. 1 sufhred only &'1fu18ed body. Realizing that nothing could be done wt.th the .hip and that it wd Sa- POssible to right it and take-oil at this place, we .tarted walUng in a northeasterly direction.

"The terri tory in which this landing was made is known a8 the EYer- ,gLides. Its ssmenees is a~ost appalling. just one small cypress hummock after another; water and muck everywhere, innumerable mosquitoes, alligator., water 'occasins and black snakes , Her e and there a h\lJlllockwouldbe found with a ~ock base and on same of these rock bases Seminole Indiana eke out an existence. '~ '-'\! ,; Atter landing, we walked to one of these hummocks. and as it was getting 4ar~, I collected a small amount of dry wood and built a fire, endeavoring to keep the ~o8quitoes ofr and dry our clothing, which could not be removed on account or the mosquitoos which attacked uS in hordes. But we could 1'indno IDdi&l1s. ~!eanwhile. we had drunk no water for fear it might be in~ecte~ with me.lar1a" germs or sOllIeother swamp fenr. nor had any food be. found. Alter pae.~' """;~) 'JIliserablenight, we started a 11ttl. before day break to drill throup ." , :0.. deep muck and continued in a northeasterly direction all da,. n.ftti.nl ;'1<, 10 suitable hl.lll!lock,11116 were cCll1pelledto spend the night agaiD in the "'P. ~i,"-, l.'~;{~ ~1s tim'! on ground covered with an inch or more of water. By thi,f't1me we '. 30 4\11 were nearly exhausted that ,.,etook a chance on the water, b\lt t~'lnck ,~, 'O, 'ood we were rapidly approaching starvation. ~' ~~.l. f r: .. • • "Rt.~,<... -2- 08891

"Th e next rccrru ng we r':'fll.tJled our way.:.hrough tilO muck again, starting before dL'ylight and at ten tLlTty P. .• il. sighted a flag flying over a hummock not f~r off. ~e found tnis camp inhabl~ed by Seminole Indians. By si;;;n language we succeeded in conveyi.ng to the Indians our need of food and dter our meal managed t a make til em und erstand that we wi shed to reach Miemi • They provided a "glade brat" which i:; made of one large cypress tree . trunk hollo\'red out and pr op e l Led by a pole BOOlefifteen feet long with a V shupec foot on one end of it. After being poled through a ~erfect maze of wat8r ways, we reached the dredge at the end of the Tampa-Uiami Trail, where we were given food ~nd a good bed ~d could w

From Ui<:JIlian attempt was made to se Lvage the ship by means of a caterpillar tractor which was carried to tte edge of the Everglades on a cand bo., t, b-.it the equinoctial stonns setting in put the whole swamp lands under water and this dttempt had to be abandoned in favor of an expedition in ",~lade bo at s" furnished by tr.e Seminoles. In this manner a nunber of men with food ~nd [dS for the engine, together with spare parts, were tak$n into the svamp and .after four days travel, reachea a point a few mi Les from the ship wher-e a b<.:>e camp was established. r::ventually a more secure rock base 'N'lS located within three miles of the aa rp l ane and after choppa ng a t1"ack ttrough the swcmp the sal.vage par-ty , by means of planks ana cables, moved the airplane to tt.e rock base. The motor, I~oV1ejElr, could not be turned over, due tv its submersion in the we t.e r for tr.ree weeks , Indian "glade boats" w;.;re again cispatched to 'iard for en.;ine parts, together with a "trouble .shooter" trOD t;,e nearest flyin;:; field. Upon the arrival of the mechanic and his .. tools the met or- was finally started and with tr,e engine roaring and the . propeller droninG a nevr tune to the startled Seminoles, the ship took the air 1.i once more. In a ccmp-:.rati vely few r-Lnut es it Wo.S landed at the Marine Field, , uiarni for gas, cverhau It ng and repairs. ; ! - - The Cbief of Staft has announced that tne ~roouremect bf commissioned officers fran ci vi 1 li fe will r.ereatter be under charge of the Personnel D~vision of the Gene r-aL Staff, which Division ':Iill decide to what branch of t~e Service the accepted a~plican~s 7i11 be &ssigned.

The custcrn heretofore ha~ been for e8ch of the special branches to ~ select its p er sonne l from a!)~)licants tor those br anch es , n,e new system 'r: will t ak e effect ;'io\'t>r..~er 18'(, 191'6, af t.er wl-.ich date the br-anch of Service to which Rny vo Iur.t ocr- a s to be as si gued >'-ill not be cet ern.Lned by r.imself.

Recently. t;.", Ba Ll oon Corps r e ce i ved auttori ty to ancuc t ci vil~S of dr af t age, both as of ricars and as enl i sted men. !vl6n 0 t' superior education ur e 1!nnt~d as observers and as l!!t'noeuvering of f i cer-e , A great variety of skillad tr~doumen are ~antod to milintuin the balloons, telephones, uuto- mobiles • o't.c , , "'lAich pertain to t!,is interestinG work.

Ap;Jlicants for this service should file tneir requests immediately in order to Jet the benefit of tl.e VJ1UIlteer feature.

Hectui tin~ Offices of t.ne ':.\5.11oon S'3rvice '..rp. as follows:

Poston, ~~ss.- 739 Bo;lston st. ;,tlantn I Go. .-Georgia School of Technolo~ C~nal Zone - Fort Sherman 1,05 h.1r,eles, Cd., ~~arsh strong Bids' ... Chicago, III ,- 230 E::u:it Ohio St. Yin~ea~olis. Vinn - Univ. of Minnesota. tl:1.Uns, '.:'eXdS - C!ir.lPDi c k res l'oines, Iowa - Camp Dodge. Fort ')i 11, ')"la.- fo..!t ::'i old . st. Louis, ~o.- 525 So. Euclid Ave •• ~,;e'...: York i~itv -. lQ4 'i"O'''' :~t ~ /.-_ .J LAo". 1 \"., .» San Francisco. Ca Lv- 55 Uev,' l:ontGomery 5t.

Coilmbia. S. r. - Cam J~~k~on San "n1lomo, 'I'ox ,» Fort Sam "Hous t on , . «>, Y.lpr..,nk I L J j' 1 _ Uo- (011 ~ •.• t • • • "':.C"'.J'.'l :.' ... '"' . UasLi:r r ..:ton, n. C.-BldG,.D, 6th & 1~issouri ;,ve. .. Li"tle Rock , Arh.-Go;),11- .'iJ:Cl. -3- OS891

Durinp; -~)~e p i z t fiftl"'en mo.rtno the nme~ican lalloon Corps in France has d eve Loped c. L,;-;A nurr.ber of shl~ed ba Ll.ooru s t s and from now on will be .ble to furnish oXI.enel1cecl ."'!en f~'om the f'r-o rrt to serve as a ns t.ruc t cr s ; for this r'e.i scn tLP. nrItlt-,; LJOVE:PU,lent be Li eve s t.n e time:,

, Vuj 01' J. Ru'th er f or-d Panna), Gnptr.dn R. M. f'•• Edlundh, catltain Robert Wann, end Flight ::)ergeant I:. v . Hill of the Royal Flyi..g Cor~s, who have been ~n the Uni ted States e ever-a i mont.i.s aru ti e.i.ang a sy.rt.em 01' instruction for the Balloon Corps and in procurin; and s't andar-d i zLnj material, have reported to th& Division of f.:ilitary M"!"onautiC6 from ba.Il oon fields in various parts of the country pri or to returning to their st.ttions over seas.

The War Department authorizes the following statement from the Office of the Surgebn General:

Vaccination against pneumonia is now available for every Officer, en... listed men and employees of the ",my in the United States. Instructions to admi~ister the vaccine to volunteers have just been sent to all Army c~ps and posts and at all p oi nt.s wnar-e men are sub j ect to military rule.

It is be Laeved by ~:edical Of f ac er-s tlat if the soldiers will avail themselves of the ouportunity to be vaccinated against pneumonia, the number of cases of pneumorn a per thousand 'Nill be fur less this winter than it was last year. Their confIdence IS the result of long observation and many tests of the effect of the vaccine. One of the most sever tests was the administering of the va cci ne to 12,OuO volunteers at one of the xrmy Camps. During. the following ten '."oeks unti 1 these troops went overseas although pneuncma due to the types ,;:ucrded r.gaa nat among t.h e unvaccinated men at the Camp was slightly more prevalent tl.an formerly, among the 12,000 volunteers not a single case of the diseaLe due to these germs developed.

.eno nr; the medical disease which the I1m-IY has at present to combat 2,neumoni8. stand s out beyond all others. During the past two years it has caused more :leatllS than any other diseuse.

?ornerly typhoid w~s the disease ~ost dreaded by medical officers. This very fact i3 Itself a triumph of ~reventive medicine for it means that the disease wu i ch had formerly been the scourge of annies is today so completely under COl! trol ClS to be negligi ble as a source of sick rate and death. This accomplishm8nt is the result of the prophylactic vaccination develo~ed by the Anny against. typhoid fever. It-'as but nut.ur aL, tt-leref6re, that in approaching the most s er-i ous rernaa nang disease, the s ene line of a t.t ack should be considered.

It ;,ad already been demonstrated by Dr. Rufus Cole and his associates of the Rockdeller Hospital that pneuinorn a , like typhoid fever, is due not to one {~erm alone but to anyone of several definite types. 'I'n e s e workers had defined ti.e three most f r equa.rt and most d an.rer ous 0 ese types in this country.

LIster in South nfrlca y in 1914 determined the mo~ dangerous causat i ve 138ms 0 f pneumonia' that region and undertook preventive vac cination a~r;inst the3e among the hiGhly suac ept.Lb Le anc omi.n g ruiners. The success of this ne thcd ':'a~ Lmm ed i a't e and strikiag. In the four years that he has employed this pr ocedur e more than 10U,OOOminers have been vc:.ccinated .:..gainst these gems ',Ti th the result that the highly fatal and e' ~c pneumonia so prevalent among these mi ner s previously has been en.... ely eliminated among the vaccinated indivLduals.

I J1.t the sU;;bestion of the Surbecm eneral of the i\rmy the Rockefeller Hos p; tal prepared for the »rmy a vaccin ontaining the three most important ;gern.s compLetc Ly identified as cauea ta ge of pneumonia in this country. This is tIle vaccine Given to the 12,(;00 vo Iunt.e er-a with such satisfactory results.

( . -4- 05891

1'}oa use vi t.ru s VdCC1.ne on un ext en s.i ve scu.Le for u.e entire Army was rendered pr-ac t i cao Ie , as the r ecul t of a modification of its fonn by the of r i cer s of the ""my ~{edic,~l School in washington. The new vaccine as they Llodified it can be ~iven in a sin~le injection, instead of requiring three a n j cc t i ons a s fonnerly.

tor the iurtner i~vestigntion and oontrol of pneumonia in the A.nny a special bour-d VIa:, appoi.rrt ed by the Secretary of Vlar consisting or' Colonel D. G. hOWard. Colouel F. F. Russell. Colonel V. C. ¥!l.ughan, Colbnel W. H. Welch and Dr. Rufus Gole. Under the direction ot this bOard, further investi ':;<.l.tions have b e en :::onducted with this new vacci ne against pnet.ll1onia. and these .inve s t i.ga t.Lons established ita value.

The vaccine is for administration to healthy volunteers to prevent , the development of certui~ types of pneumonia. It is not intended tor truatment after pne~onia hud developed. It is in no sense n cure for , pnetmcn i a ,

The present epidemic of so-c&lled influenza had nothing to do with the develDpment of this vaccine, which waG inte~ded to combat the ordinary ty~o of pneumonia. How effective it may prove in preventing the pneumo~a prone to complicate the present epider.lic disease remains t!> be determined.

Four thous~nd miles in the air in a zigzag course fram the Gulf to the JrCJat Lukes. ie t ne distance trtivelled by an Amy fly,r frOOl E~linitoQf Field ne ar- Hous t on , 'l'exc,s , to Mt'• ..QJ.:emens.. Eichigan, and return. Total . hcur s of actual i lic;ht 'NU::; s i.x t y-s f our-, Nine day s elapsed from the time he left ,SllioGton Field unt i L nis return. r.ieutenant John E. Davis was the pi lot and he made the trip alone without mecharn c and without changing plane or mot~r. he carr:ted an extra gasoline tank in his plane. making the total capQci~y f:tfty gallons.

sturting Friday afternoQn at 1:00 o'clock, Lt.Davis made for the nigLt. 'FJ"QIJI b8'6 held, Dallas. he flew to l~amphis. ennes s ee by way 01 Texarkana ann Little Rock, spending t. ne m gr. t at ;.iem._,his. Su,1day night at V 8:00 Ij'clock he marie Lno i anapo Las by f 011o'.',in(; the !,'iiS3issiiJpi !Wrth to St. Lo ua s and s"rin,:;in6 ECistOY ,'~ay 01 Sr>rinj>;field and Rantoul, Illinois,_ He . Le ':l3.5 forced to take the gr ounr' in the dark ...Iithout landing lights. The next morru.ng to e f lew to Cincin.lp..t .i and the cay followil1b to !:t. Clemens, Michigar.. by \'''J..'j' of ui~ytO.,.

On his r et ur-n tri~ 11e enc ountcr-ed a he avy ctOIm OV':lr the ~~issi6Sippi Valley. The errt r i.e s a n his Lo; at 1,:1is point r e ad as iollov:s:

"I cl~mbor:':'o h.ve thousand feet and f s.e» over t.r.e s t orm for two hOUTS. J~t t r.e end of 'tl;is time I 11.,--,ured vnat I ...r as nearing Li tt"lc ROCK and d es cend ed into the s t orm clouds to cr.e ck my course. 1 no sooner enter~rl the cLoud s at 4500 I eet than my compass started ac ti n.; p cc u Li arLy , : y shi:? was ouf f e t ed ar-ound and I cOOlpletely Lo s t control. I cut my .r un a.id '.'latched my aI t.irne t.e r and noted that I WhS fal~i~g at ~ h~~h rate ~!speed. My controls were absolutely c se Les s , so I left tn em ..Lo ne , awaa tint; in r-eud i ne s s to right mys e Lf upo n U.lerp{l.j from the c Loud s , 1 f:tnui..ly came through the clouds .in ,t steep nO~H;o i ve ano side slip c:.t an i.11titude of 300 feet. I ri.;Lttld rny s eLf ,.nd Lo oxe o for :1 Lind i.ng place. b oc ause I feared that t11G r aa n vcur.d S1.UP mi- mot.or , ':'td u.iab Le to find any place. to 1. nd the cour.try oei nr: cover-ed \'I:" th for. 3st. 1 !'levr along at 30v feet for some t i r:e .nJ found t.hu t 1 nac co ver ad only I.aU of t"e d i et.anc e I r.houLd hav e by tna e time. i climbed carefully through t ne CLouds to 5vl-O feet Ldd ,KLS38Q the ...t.orm a n about one and one- r.a Lf r.o ur s . rI.!'rlved ;<.b.ortro Fiold v.r.. From t.n er e I proceeded to Texar-kana ave:' 1,1.e ~loud S uf';nin bo eauae Uey were very low. Arri: ved thure at 5:00 P~'. L~ft for n~llas tte next ~ay u~~inst stitf wind. Lef t L~,:lla:J ~)'.l!1duyrnor-n.in.; !::Ju, ,~rrivi;:;; at IllinF,tol'l at 1:00 P.l.:. -5- 05891

The insignia of the 'fotor Transport Corps haa been adopted. It consists of a bronze wheel upon ~hich is auperimposed a winged hat. The wheel is symbolic of power, as its function is to transiDit or modify'motion, and forms an e as en tdal,part of nearly every kind of mechanism or deVice. The particular form of wheel chosen is. of course, the wheel ot a mowr vehicle. The winged hat is the classical, broad-brimmed Petasus, &S WOrD by tte Greek god 'Henmes, who was not only the swift, sure messenger 01 the gods but also the god of roads. For officers the wheel i8 silver tired, whi le the enlisted men will '{learthe insi&nia of- solid bronze and in the . re~ulation button form.

The Corps hus also been authorized to uae a purple hat cord, the" color having been established by 0. general order. The hat cords will 800n make their appearance, although they are not likely ever to became cammon on the streets of our cities. The Motor Transport Corps is essentially an overseas organization, and men as well as officers go to France very soon after finishing their short but intensive training courses.

The need for trained motor mechanics and for drivers is very pressing and 6r~N8 more eo as the manufactureDs speed up their production of trucks. Tne recently organized SChools of the Corps are filling uP rapidly and'more schools are to be opened soon. Drivers are graduated in three weeks, those making the hi~est averages being rated as "First .. !)river-a'and the others as IIAssi stants".. The former are made corporals on their as~ignm~nt to active duty. Skilled mechanics for tn6 Repair and Reconstruction Parks receive longer courses of training, and if possessed ..~, of executive ability as well as mechanical still are usually made ants.

Eleven enemy airplanes and one hostile brought down D1 American aviators brigaaed ~~~~~~~~~~~ng the period from September 9 to September 22, inclusive, and five American aviators were awarded the' British distinguiShed flying c~oss, according to the latest Royal Flying Corps communiques just received here.

Special menti on was made as follows: liLt. G. A. Vaughn, while on offensive patrol, was engaged by about fifteen enpmy airplanes, one of which, which was attacking a flight of ou~ machines, he dived on ~nd shot down in flames. He then attacked ano tner-, whi ch ne f oLl ovred oO'lm to 2000 feet. This eneoy aa rplane wac seen to crash by another pi lot." The distinguished flying cross was awarded to • ~ Lt. G.A. Vaughn, GeorJe A. Vaugh~, Father, 441 ~ington ~ve., Brooklyn, ~:. Y. Lt. T.J. Herbert, John T. Berbert, Father, 1644 East 86th St., Cleveland, Ohio. Lt. ti.L. Campbell, Cha r-Les L. Campbell, father,'~:'lakeman,Ohio. Lt. L.A. Hamilton, 4~ Bartlett, Ave., Pittsfield, Mass. U. J .A. Keatin,;, 5748 p.eoria st., Chicago, Ill. Mrs. James .h. Keat.inG. ~'!ife,2232 \"vestlO~th 5t., Chicago, Ill. Enemy airplanes were brought down by ~ r.t. H.C. Knutts, t:dward c , Knotts, Father, Carlinville, Ill. Lt. ~.L. Bair, ill vest lilth st., Ne~ Yor~, N. Y. Lt. ',Lr,~. Lauer, ("Jillard W. Lauer, Mrs. w.J. Lauer, 3422'Park View Ave., Pittsburg, Pu.) Lt. F.E. Luff, E.J. Luff, Father, 3046 Lincoln Blvd., Cleveland Heights, O. Lt. T.L. t'oore, 617 Chestnut sv., Ke,.,unee,Ill. Lt. J.O. Creech, 6614 Harlan Pluca, Takoma Par~, Wushington, D.C. Lt. 'OT. Clements ,Gloucester, Va. Lt. F. E. Kindley, Uther Callahan, cousin, Gravette, Ark. 2d Lt. H. Burdick, 174 Rensen st •• Brooklyn, N.Y. Lt. E. W. S~rine8, Leroy S~rings, Father, Lancaster, Po., Lt. G.D. ':,ricks,!.~rE:.Lucie C, '?icks, ~r.other,Sanquoit, N. Y. A hostile balloon was brOUGht down by l/ 2d Lt. iLF ~ Diamond I l'rs.Emmu J••/:"dams,~llltimore & Rose st.s., l~obile, Ala" 1". .. - ._'~ -_.~-. -_ .. ~,- ...... --_~.~ .---- .• - - • '-.-~-- .-.0\ •• ,

05891

F~r the we~ ended uctober 25, there were received in the United ~tates f 1"001 tl.e 11I(,~ric....nZX.,edl.tionary Forces l85~ sick and wounded men. 'l1liII ,rings the total number lanrled in ttis country during the month ot Octo~r.up to 4339. All ttese men have boen S~1t to J~y hospitals where facilities for . heir physical reconstruction {la.vebeen provided.

According to an anno1xncement made by Major General wm. L. Kenly today, • the Aviation Field at the Artillery Bri5ade firing center, located at Camp nox, stithton, Ker,tucky, has been named Godman Field. The field is named n honor of First Lieutenant Louis K. Godman, an ArmY Corps pilot of the Air Service, who was killed in an airplane accident at Camp Jackson, columbia, South Carolina, September 28, 1918.

One hundred and tl.ree airplanes from 1.!archField, Riverside, Californi~ made a flight of 160 miles in battle formation on October 12 out a single accident. This lar5e squadron bombed Los Angeles with Lioerty an Literature.

This ~s believed to be ~ record never before equalled in any of the fields in tl,e Uni ted 5tate~;. It was not a speca e.L performance with a umber of picked planes und pilots but iTt.:> a wbolesale turn-out of the school. he total miled,;e of tUs trip Vias over 16,OOO,w1:ich, v:ithout a fatality.or the Less of'a ship, made ti.e r>srformallceavery remarkable one.

With raj or john CoP.. Bartholf, L!' ,ft" COInr.'andinOf5 hcer of liarch Field, flyin6 at the .,eak, ~ldJor .srnest Clw-it on the ribla win6, and Capt • • 11.1denSmith, Jr., on the left winb, tm.S gi~antic formation taxied of f, , circled the cou~se, assembled in ten separate ~nri distinct units and finally eaded in one solid formation for Los Angeles, 60 miles distant. The 103 lanes got into the air in six minutes. The course followed the Foothill oulevard, the pLan es maintaining an apsroxfmat.e altitude of from 3.000 to I!'OOO feet. Landing wus made at El Segundo just 78 minutes after leaving rarch Field. : '. The Arcadia Balloon School was advised by wireless of the approaching ~qUadrOn and two ships were sent out to escort the formation over the city. A. f~ealistic battle-front feature of th~ fligbt was accomplished when the ai~ ;fleet passed over the balloon Gchool, soven huge observation balloons havin6 been in the air at the time. 'ite planes at this point wer-e traveling at (about the level of the l!OUlltnilson Obsur-vator-y,

VThile thousands of persona cr-aned their necks to get u gl1.mpse of this 'ltmerican air armada , t.l.epLanen suddenly S'rept down from the mountain p eaks , Ilivin~ Los Angeles a rc.d i st.i c imitation of a real air raid. Bombs were dropped ~nd fro!:!them fell leaflets s~yin~; "Wi,at if woo were Germans! Buy Liberty ,\ponds... . Accampanying the air fleet VIas a hospital plane wi'th Capt. Bannister, light surgeOn,as the pa~senger, Still another plane, carried an official thotograpl:er. "oving pictures of the entire trip were taken both from the round and enroute. The films are to.be sent to i"adhington.

All the planes on ~~is flig;.t ware of tt.e Curtis IN-4D training type. a>roximately 3,000 6allons of basoline were consumed on the flight fran verside to El Segulldo and return. rille ships returned in fonnations of la, .veral or the units retarning to ~arch Field by more distant routes after siting numerous Southern California towns ~1d cities in tt.e interest of the berty Loan. -7- 05891

Previous to tru s tlle li.lr:jes"tnumb er oi -.)lanesvisiting an i.merico.n, city was tie, when in 'f orrnataori under tr,o command ~i Lieut. (;01. C. K. Rhinehardt, J .H.;..., ':Jernbersof t ne F'i.r st. frovisional 'f:ing,of the American Air Service flew over ;'ew York ':;1 ty. In t!:e !:arch :~ield squadron, half of the pilotspartic~ Lpatd ng in this journey were cadet s , IJilots intrainini.,;, while tile remaining pilots, other thcm uru t leaders, were for the most, part flying officers who ..) have been c cennassa cned at this fiold since July..___

~'lithbut one' exception, all of the planes to leave Hirch Field r e- turned on scheduled time, tnis faRt in J.tself being a record, the entire trip bein~ devoid of accidents. Lieut. Ralph watson was reqaired to make a forced ( La nd i;.'L~ in the outskirts of Los Ange l.eswhen his motor II froze" in the air. Fe landed in a field at Sixtietl. and Budlong streets without demage ,

On October 15, Chauffeur R. D. Bottr' he 145th Air Squadron, jUl:lpedsuccessfUlly 111itha parachute frOOl an airplane at K~ ~ Antonio, Texas. The airplane w~s at an altitude of 4,800 feet, nearly a mile hi6h, when the j iznp was made. There was a strong wind blOWing frcxn the ~orth 0utChauffeur Bottriell judbed his distances ni~ely and landed safelYI in tc,emai.n Land i ng field. The pi .Lot of the airplane stalled the machine slightly just before the jump was made, bankinb to the ri.;ht 50 as to 6et the tail out of the way of the parachute when Bottriell jWJpeo over the side. A lar~e d!lerican flab, attached to th~ parachute during the drop, was flying dura n.; the descerrt,

Standard cloths for officers' uniforms h~been adopted by the ~rmy accordin; to beneral orders recently issued. nll unifo~B for officers rr.adein the United states after !:lecember1, 1918, 'vill be of one of the following pre.- scribed standards: For coats, breeches and over coats, - 12-ounce worsted ._ ser ge , 16-ounce ':Torste~ ser~;e, l6-ounce whipcord, 21-our.ce whipcord or elastique and 20-ounce melton. For ridin~ breeches, -23-ounce Bedford cord, and for overcoats 32-ounce melton or kersey. For coct and breeche8, sUmmer wear in the United states and in Tropics only: ol~ve drab cotton, 13-ounce all-wool worsted babardine.

The ~uartennuster Corps will, after December 1, lS18. cArry a suvply of these cloths ~ld officers can purchase their person~l requirements at the Government prices. bQffiplesof the cloths, with the issue prices, will -be kept on hand by a Ll, camp, cant onment and post quartermasters, where they may be examined by the offic~rs. Stocks wil~ be carrJ.ed at ~~e be6inning at ~he following depots only: New York, ':rashin~ton, .vt Larrta, Ft. Sam Houston (San xnt ont o , Tex. ) San Francisco, Cb i.ca.;o, and st. Louis, but this list will be extended from time to time as cloth becomes available. The ~uartennaster General is to determine by thoro_gh investigation as schedule of fair prices for making uniforms, including all necessary trimmings. linings" etc., but not inclUding the clotts and is to prepare a list of responsible tailors who will agree to make unifonns for officers 'at the schedule rates. The Quarter- master General .,ill guarant.ee to the tailors the collection 0 f bills for all u~ifor:ms ordered through his representatives. The schedule of prices, the list of tailors agreeing to m<.l~e uniforms at these ~rices and the regulations governinJ the sale to officers of the standard cloths, placinb ot orders, the a.cceptance ofunifort:JS ordered and the !)ayment of bills will then be publiShed to the service. •

The Quarternaster Corps is also instructed to arrange to supply from ,.tock, at cost, made up (ready-to wear) officers' uniforms. These are to be ~ provided in only two types of cloth for coats and breeches, l2-ounce wore ed "ser~e and 20-ounce melton wi-th 32-ounce melton for over coats.

-9- 05891

buildi111;s of tho St<.~te School for the Deaf to tile liovernment as a contribution of t..o ~it&.io. Only minor ctlterationa I':ill be nec66sury to fit the buildings for their new use. Bods for 1500 sold~erD aro provided by this 6ift. Through th'e action of the T',ourd of ji~ducation, the ~;ast En~ J-:igh School with its many , fine buildinc;s located at t;yde Park. Cincinnati. Vli18 secur-ed •. The workshops and ot;.er speciul t eacha n.; rooms "Till provide splendid acccB1odat!ons tor roconstructin(; wounded men. Extensive alterf~tions costin,~ about tloo,ooO ~ill have to be made to convert the clasB rooms into wards and adapt other ro oms and buildings to hoapi tal l,urposes. ,...bo'Jt 2000 men will be treated at thin hospital.

It is expected that ilorth Brothers' Isltnd in lievi York Harbor will be completely taken over for hospital purposes. It is planned to treat 1500 men there.

The completely appointed hospital built by henry rord at Detroit wh:lch has a capacity of 2000 bods has been turned over by ~r.r. Ford, rent tree, to the Government for so 104'1;; as it she.ll be needed. This hospital has just been completed and is regarded as amon.; the f.Jost cClnplete in the country. It was built for the accommodation of enployees of the Ford t' actories • Only very minor al tern.tions -:rill be necensary to fit it up as a general ~rmy hospital.

The nine ~uildin~s loc~ted in Exposition Park at Rochester. N.Y. which are used for eX,-,osition purposes were cccept ed by the Government rent free f07" hosp:l.tal purposes. It will be necessary to cpend (r175.000 to make the neceaeary alterations to equip the buildings for hospital purposes.

The Norfolk. MasG•• state hos~ital, ~hich was recently built for the cure of drug addicts and wr.ich has u.ccormnodations for 70U beds. was turned over rent free by tl~e state oi nissachusetts to tho Government for use as a. " hospital. The bUildin;:;s Ilave been ~li ttle used. the nunbe r of patients -having decreased gradually since our entrance into the war , The large armory in ,I ~oston has been rented for hos;Jital purposes and alter alterations, which will cost about ~(60,OOO, \"Iill be reE!.d~'to acc ozmcdat.e 1200 patients.

;I The Westchester, Hew Yor~. hlms House has been secured ae a General . t Hospital and after extensive alterations are made will accommodate 2000 t patients.. The institution was built to accClDmodate 400 inmates but there has f been c' steu.cJy decline in the number of persons seeking refuge and at the I time of takin; over by the ~~y less than 50 persons were being cared for.

t The West Baden Hotel, located at Wast Baden, Ind •• has been rented for hospital ;JUrposef; and after al terati,.ons ar e completed will ha.e a capacity of 1200 beds.

The plans of the Pospital ririGion call for the securing af at least 5000 new beds per nonth. ~frort9 nill be made to secure these rac~litie6 \~i.tLout the erection of ::-.e\!' buildings. Wlierever possible hospitals and institutions "'ill be secured for the l-..rmy hospital needs.

The -;iar Department authorizes publication of the following circular No.34. on :l.)!)lications of enlisted men for commissions in staff corps~

1. It is contm1plated that all qualified enlisted men physically fit. for 6eneral mi:itary service who a~pire to commissions will have opportunity . throuGh tr.e officel's' training acl.o oLs ,

~-~. There 'f/lill be many "l~-tcanci()s ir .. the stafr corps and departmen-\1i' th,.t r::ny be filled by per sonu who ar e not ph,;sically fit for general military sBrvice. but whose defects ~ny be ~~i~ed for ~he particular serVice for whicb they are qunlified. ..- : . -10- 0S891 V.h.....' .,

3. 'It is desired that the opportunity to "apply tor commission in the -, tartc'orps be made knOwn to all qualified men of thi 9 class and that they be 'IDcouraged t~ sUbmit. app.Iaca td one ,

4. application:will in all c~ses be made upon the standard fOnD for :pplication tor commission (Form 100, PB-GS).. '.Applications mll be prepared ,ccording to instructions accampanyin~ the form and 'vill be submitted through ilitary channels, each intermediate conrnander makin6 reccrnmendation thereon.

. 5. Post and s~ation commanders ~ill c~use examining"boards to be '~onvened for examination of ap;>licants, the board to consist 0'C at least one line officer and one medical office!". No fonnal pr-ccaedf gna 'of the board ~ll be required other than completion of paragraph 15 of Form 100. PB-GS. and the completed form for physical examination, Form No. 395. J •• G.O.

6. Completed application blank3 of all applicants "ill be forwarded to the Adjutant General of the Army.

7. The forwarding of an application should not interfere with transfer of the soldier within the United states pendinb action on the application. An applicant should, however, forward throu;jl military channels notice of y change of address, statin6 the fact that he has submitted an application tor commission in a particular staff corps.

8. Applicants who cannot' be utilized ill any capacity will be ;.>rOUlptly notified upon receipt of their applications by tbe War Department. applicants . ho may be utilized in seine capacity will be so notified and. will be ccm- ssioned us ~acancies occur.

Interview with rr. John D. Ryan, Second nssistant Secretary of 1Jar.

In reply to an inquiry Fr. Ryan said:

"I have read hastily most of the report of the aircraft investigation by Judbfl Hughes and the summary by the Attorney General.

"I am bratified of course to kno.. that the anve st i gatd on has resulted in finding that no such condition of affairs existed last Sprin6 in the work of aircraft production as was indi.cated by char-ges made at that time. I have Long been satisfied that the men .Tho preceded me in the direction. of aircraft production did a very :;reat patriotic service. and did not use their position or connection with the 60vernment to reap any personal profit, The fact that planes 3.,1d ongi.ne s are now' in more satisfactory production is due 'lory largoly to th3 earnest, intelli.;ent and patriotic efforts of my predecessors and the foundetions they left upon which w~ were able to build were substantial.

"I om ~lad to say Ln the month of cc t.ober there were produced about 4,000 Liberty Twelve engines and the fi6htL'1g plane production is as stzai.ng gratifying proportions."

j~ccording to an announcement made by h~ajor General WIn. L. Kenly today, the Aviation Field at t,je nrtillery Bri6ade Firing Center, located at Camp Knox, Stith~on, Kentucky. has been numed 30dman Field. The field is .named in honor of First Lieutenant Louis r. Godman, an Army Corps pilot of tl:e Air SerVice, 1Ahowas killed in nn airplane accident at Camp Jackson. Col~bia, South Carolina, September 28th, 1918. ,':~~.~p,~,,,,,,~,,.

~11. OS" 1 Citation.

Section A.

NOTETOEDITORS:

.Released tor Horning Pnper-s , Tuesday, November S, 1916, Md thereafter.

~,~~~ The War Department authorizes ue following: ,.~ \R-1" The ~Commanderin Chief, in the name 01 the Pr •• ident, haa ..ardedJ~~~ .the distinguished s~ros6 to the faUowing nalDed otticers and 101d1.... /~...~~ for the acts of C'Gaordinary heroism described atter their' names: . .~

First Liflut. Hugh L. i'ontaine, .Air Service, 49th Aero sq~ron.. .~!~'ti~ "lor extraordinary heroism in action in the region of Hagerville. tranc.,' ;~.. Sept e ' 14, 1918. Lieut. Fontaine, tOJethAr with First J.Jieut. Hugh ...... ,. '- .)' attaclc.ed 9 enemy mono~lanes, roickers, at an altitude of 4,000 •• t ...... lie '.: dived into the midst ot the 8nElllYformation without conaiderationfol' hi• .personal saf ety , subjecting himse..lf to great danger. By 'tlle euddeaa ••• aad extreme vehemence of his attack, the machines were driven into cOllt\l8i ••. "Although greatly outnumbered, he and Lieut. Brew.ter .ucce~ded ill ehooUac down two of the enemy." HOlDeaddress: Doctor Bryce Fontaine, .teptatla.r. 1839 Overton Park Avenue. Mem~his, tenn. '

First Lieut. Hugh Brewster, Air Service, 49th Aero Squadron. "For extraordinary her-o i sm in ac td on in j;he region of hagerville, France,Septe' 14,' 1918, Lieut. Brewster, together with First Lieut. Hugh L. Fontaine attaoked 9 enemy planes, Fokkers, at an altitude of 4,000 meters. He dived into the midst of the enemy fonmation without cons1deration for his personal aatetJ. subj ecting himself to great danger. By the suddenness and extreme veh.enoe of his o.ttacJ(, the machines wer e .riven into confusion. Although greatl,' outnUmbered he and Lieut. Fontaine succeedod in shooting d~ two ot the enemy." Home address: lWrs. L. Brewster, mother, 1944 Fairmont, Avenue. Fort Worth, Texas.

First Lieut. Clarence C. Kahle, Pilot, Air Service, 99th Aero. Squadron, "For extraordinary heroism in action near Lachausse, France, Sept. 13, 1918. Lieut. Kahle, and First Lieut. RaymondC•• iilJ., Observer, were directed to take p~otoJrapns of the 010 HindenDurg Line. 'They "ere accomparn ed by two protection planes. ,j~fter they had taken BCDephotographe the protectinG }llalleS \V0l'8 driven off by hostile aircratt; but l..ieut. Kable and his ooserver continued the~r mission alone, until in the vicinity of La Chaus se they were attacked by an enemy fonnntion of 9 planes. Lieut. Kahle put up a GU!lant fi6nt in which hi~ observer wus shot through the heart and killed.

Although pitted uJainst overwhelming odds, Lieut. Kahle, by hie pluck, detenninatiot1, skill and courage, brought 'the photo~raph. and the plane back to his ai'rdromes, the enEmykeeping up a constant attack upon him back to our lines, riddling the plane with macm ne gun bullats." HCIIl8 addreos: ~'!rs. F. L. Ki:4hle, ii;other, 5513 r:argarettr. 3treet, Pittabursh. Pa ,

First Liaut. RdymondC. Hill, doceased, Obsurver, ~r Service, 99th Aero Squadron. "For extraordinary heroism in action near La Chau88e, Wranc0, SO!'t. 13, 1918. Lieut. !~ill, with First Lieut. Clarence C. Kahle, Pilot, ver-e directed to take photobra.)l;s of th~ old Hlndenburg Line. The, "'ere accompanied by tvc pr-otect Lng pLane s , After they had taken SClDe photographs the protecting pia nes were dri ven off l:&' hostile aircrat't, but Lieut. Pill and his pilot continued on their mi:3sion alone, until in the Vicinity of La \;haus(~('\thoy \'lcre attacked by an enemy formation ot 9 planes ..

,' -12- 05a91

Hont fiht a, uir.,t tneoe overwne lma n.; occ s • Lieut. hill was shot rputting up ahLart . and kin.eel; but his pilot, by his pluck, detennination, skill -h the ea t .-Li thrOUt; b oU"'h home the photo~ra;JhG and tile !Jlane 0 our anes ,II Home and courab18, r Ii:vrrIO~d C, Hill, .-:rife, P.O. Box 104, 1411 Tenth 3treet, Lewiston, address: ...rs, \ J'" Idal:o. , and Lieut. Paul J. 0' Donnell, deceased, Infantry, 96th Aero ~~~r extraordinary heroizm in action near Dunsunneuse, France, Sept. squadrolna' l"eut O'Donnell's f orraa t.i cn wac attacked, while flying to banb 26 19 • J..1. , .. ' • t '. by seven enemy planes. VIith tne hrst spurt of enemy !lro, L1eu • r~su~elul's~;S f~tally wounded. TIlth his last strength he opened a deliberate 1 [>' ronne " 't d t t t 1 II • d t ctive fire on one of the enemy planes, dr-i vmg 1. own ou 0 con ro • ar.~ es ru , ~14 -n t th t I' VT ' dcress: ; r s ..die O'Donnell, l"other, '£ lour een Stree,.. ., p,or..e a ..' "ashinz;ton, ;;. C,

Second Lieut. l.o''l::o.rd G. ka th , Ooserver, ~6th aer-o squadron. For extraordInary heroism in act~on bet~~een Rharnbley and xannes~ France, Sept. 13, iSLE.... Hut, Ruth, while ac t i n.; as. l.e&d~ns obse~ver of a f1l.r:;;ht of tlu~~e planes, ,'s attacKed by 15 enemy pranes , In.sp~ te of tn e fact that hl s fomatJ.on was s~rroundeo by an eneny fivo tl.mes as 1arbe, he carried out successfully hie I:!ission and oonbed his objective. In the return running fi5ht, Lieut. Rath and his pilot continued the unequal fi!;ht and succeeded in returninb to their airdrome with valuable infonnation." }-iomeaddress: :7alter F. Rath, Brother, Pasadena, Cb.l.

Second Lieut. Arthur R. Brooks, Air Service, "For extraordin~ry heroism in ac tron over !!.arslatour, Franco, Sept. H., 1918. Lieut. Brooks, when his patrol was attacked by 12 enemy Fokker-s over r-arslatour, 8 miles within the ener:y lines, alone fought bravely 'and relentlessly \'1ith eight. of them, PJlQ"J1di18 t~e fiCht from 5,000 met er-o to ""ithin a few meters of the gr-ound and thoutih his ri,;ht rudder control was out and his plane riddled wi th bullets, he destroyed two !"okkers, one fallin~ out of control and the other bursting into !lar.es." ECI:l8 address: Frank E. Brooks, ~ather, New Kendall Hotel, FrEll~ingh8m, !:assuctusetts.

First Lieut. ~dward V. Rickenbacker, hir Service, 94th Aero Squadron. II:'crthe follOWing acteo!. extraordinary heroism. The bronze Oak Leaf is awarded to ce '70rn on the distinguished service ~ross awar-ded uc tober 16, l~la~ On Sept. H, 1918, in the region of Vil.t.ecy, he attacked ':t ?okker enany pIanea at an a.l.titude of 3,OlJO meter o , After a sharp and hot action, he succeeded in .mooting one down in flames and di::Jpersing the other three. For the lollo~in; act of extraordinary heroism, a Bronze Oak Leal" is award8i to be worn .n the distinGuished service cross awar-ded October 16, 1918: On Sept. 15, 1918, l!l the region of boisdewaville he encountered 6 enemy planes, which were in the

act o~ attackini;; four 3pads, v1hich v-er o ualo\"T them. 6ndeterred by their .uper~or mmber-s , he unhesi tatini:;ly attacked them and succeeded in shootin6 one downrn flumes and canpletely br-eakd n.; the fornation of the ot"era." haDe . acdre~J: 1!,rs. ''Tilliam f.ickenbacker, 1334 E. Livint;ston Avenue, Col\lllbuB, Ohio.

Citations

Section 13

!I~ TO IDITORS:- /

Releasedfor afternoon paper-a, Tue sday , .icvember- 5, br'la, and th erea tt er •

hti. The Canrn~nder in ~hief, in tte name of the President, has awarded the acts :ruiShed 8e~Vl.Ce cross to the following DElIl'Jadofficers and soldiers tor the extraordlnary heroiSm described after t11cir names: f . " -13- 05891 /1

Private Hlirold Batley, CompanyCI 308th Infantry, "For extraordinary beroism in action near Dadonvillers, France, June 24th, 1918. p~ivate Batley, atter two patrols had f~led, volunteered and went alone, to the grouped cam- bat, through the bar-rage andbrout;;ht back information of the highest value." Hameaddress: John A. Batley, fa~1er,-¥rchard street, Rochester, N•. Y.

Major Carl Spats, Pil~r S~rvice, "For e r~ordin~ heroism in action durin6 the st. Mihiel offensive, September 26 1918. MaJor Spatz, although he had received orders to 60 to the Unite ates, be~~~ for and received permission to serve with a pursuit squadron at the tront. Sub- " ordinatin~ himself to men of lower rank, he was attached to a squadron as a pilot and saw conditione and arduous service tilrough the offensive. AS a result of his efficient'.ork he was promoted to the position of Flight CClIIIMander.Knoring that another attack was to take place in the vicinity of Verdun, he remained on duty in order to take part. On the day of the attack "est ot the ~!euse, while with his patrol over enemy lines, a number ot en.y aircraft were encountered. In the cClIlIbatthat followed he succeeded in br1ni- 1116downtwo enemy planes. In his ardor and enthusiasm he became separated trom his patrol while following another enemy far beyond the line8. His gas givinJ out, he was forced to land and •• *bed to land within friendl, terri tory. Through these acts he became an inspiration and example to all men '!'ith 1rhamhe was associated."

,'. First Lieutenant r:arl G. PaYDe, Air Ser.ice, 20th Aero Squadron. , ~- .For extraordinary' heroism in action nellr Longuyon, France, Sept.ber 16, 1918.• Starting on a very important daylight bombing mission with five other planes, Lieut. Payne, observer, went on alone ':"Thenthe other five planes were torct*t to tum back. On crossing the German lines, he Vias attacked by three enemy planes. U.sing his t;WlS to keep the. enemy at bay, be went on, reached hie objective and drop~ed his bombs on the railroad junction, cutting the line. Cnthe way back four more planes joiDtd in the attack, but keepingth. at bay with his buns, he reached the allied lines." HCIIleaddress: Edward Payne, father, 10 llyrtle Street, Belaont, Massachusetts.

First Lieut. Cecil G. Seller8, Air Service, 20th Aero Squadron. "For extraordinary ~eroism in action near Longuyon, France, Se9tember 16, 1918. Starting on a very important bombing mission with ti ve other planes, Lieut. Slllers, pilot, went on alone when the other five machines were forced to turn ~ack. On crossing the enemy lines, he was attacked by three en.y planes, but contiDued toward his obj ectives while his observer kept them at bay. In the face ot this hostile opposition the objective was reached and their bombs dropped • .... . oa the way back tour more planee Joined in the attack, but fighting til. ott they reached our lines with valuable infonnation, after a fight lasting 38 minutes." Homeaddress: Hamilton Sellers, Brother, 350 Stonewall Place, lI_phie, fanessee,

. First Lieut. Bradley J. Gaylord. pilot first day bcbardIDent p'oup. Air Service. "For extraordinary her.oi. in action between Chambley and Xanne., .~e. Sept. 13, 1918• Liaut. Gaylord, while lead! nb an important miel10D .'Us two other pl8.nes, '"laS attached by 15 enemy planee. nevertheless, he and ''i. observer carried out the mission, bombed the objective in a rUDD1ngtlght,- • sbot down at least one enemy plane." .. , Home address: Mrs. Harvey R.. Gaylord, mother,' 113 Hi~ street, Juffalo, N. Y. \ ; First Lieut. Charles R. DoUve, pilot, Air Service, 93rd Aero Bquadron. "For extraordinary heroism in action near at. Bellolt, hance, Bept. 12, 1918. Lieut. DoU.e, in conjunction with another' .moaD pl10'\. gl68d and tought ti ve enemy planes. OutnWDbere4and fighting againet ~.endous .odds, Lieut. Dolive sbot dowa three en., plane ... outfought tu tire enemy formation." .. ):i)"'J.iic.t'""~ ,. ijome addre.s: Mrs. E. Parson DoUve, 4040 EIU. Avenue, Chica~o;""6 __

;. ------_. - ~ ------~-- .. --~ ------

WQ DEPARMNT 06931 Air .Sorvico Div1s1on of Military Aeronautics Washington, n.c.

WEEKLY NEWS. LETT3R - WEBK ENDING SATURDAY NOVEv.BER 9, 1916

Reports fram the Air Service schools ~n this country show an incroasod amount of cross country work by the pilots. Much of the terri tory covered by these pilots is without suitable landing fields and tho emergencios presented at times by forced landings are developing thoir resourcofulness in more ways than one. In one recent flight of this ki • nino planes Irom Payne Field West Point Mi:;si,ssiypi, led by Lt. Jack, • hoard, started tiD to a on for Binningham, Ala~a, ...... --- After reaching ~ayctte, 140 miles from their destination, the planes were forced to fly solely by compass, the weather having become v0ry thick. All made Binningham according to schedule, except one pl?~e, piloted by Lt. Albert o. Spencer, which suffered a broak in the gas line when n~arly 10,000 teet up and at a time when the.pilot had not beon able to Sea the ground tor samo forty-five minutes. Forced to spiral down through several layers of clouds and rain to a level of about 1000 feet before tho ground became visiblo, he found himself over a town and was obliged to mako a forced landing in a vacant lot. This drew a crowd of curious inhabitants and to avoid hitUng the moro venturesome who ran across his path, he made a sharp turn, colliding with a telegr-aph pile .. damaging a wing. With :the aid of two broaa sticks az.d sClDemuslin, tElUporary repairs were made , and the gas lines having beon re- paired, re~umption of tho trip was possible.

The lot was tardly large onough for a good take-offr but, by squeoling between telegraph polos, the pilot was able to get a run through a corn field and tako tho air with barely onough clearance to jump a big warehouso up wind from him.

Assurances fram tho townspeople had led Lt. Spencer to bolieve Binning- ham was only a few miles distant, but it had already gr~ dark before tho lights of the city came into view. Again difficulty in f1nding a landing place was exporienced, but having picked out a black spot which appeared to be cloared land, Spencer leveled out for. a three point landing. A few foot off the surface of his black spot h.J suddenly discovored that particular surface to be wator and ho was in the middle of a good sized pond. He "zoQfled" just in time to keop his tail planos out of tho wet, cliobed about three hundred fe0t and bogan a circlo of tho city soarching for the othor ships. He met with no success in this offort and again picked out"anothor spot for a landing. This ap~oared to be a va~ant lot. Ag~n he settled to tho street level and flattoned out, when to his surpriso i~stead of feoling ground beneath h~ he kept on settling and finally brought up in an oxcavation 2CJ fe.Jtbelow tho lovel of tho lot and stopped on tho brink of a ditch which was invisiblo until disclosed by the headlights of an automobile in tho street abovo him. .... ---

'".•... - . "-,"'.••...... ) -2- OS931 . . ",~~ ".,'i V!~, Th~'attention of canmissionod officers is ca~led to the fact that the u.a.. Army UnHoJ'1llRegulationS; are being broken by many of them 1n several parliculars. Special attenti\)n is called to tho regulations concerning the " ~ins of overcoats and raincoats and the insignia thereon.

Oliye-drab overcoats, not longer than ten inches below the knee or no' " shorter than one inch below the kne e , are the only authorized overcoats tor winter wear. Rank is designated by braids on tho sleeves of overcoats only. Drab mole-skin overcoats lined.wi th sheep-sUn are only authorized for wear .'J' 1A AllllPa ad ~r the regaUa~ons pr81lc:ribadby the camp or division cClllllanch ..... ' The wearing of the so-called "'frend1coat" is prohibited in the UDi ted stat.-,,' ., except as a raincoat. ~ . ~;

Waterproof coats or capes and raincoats, as noarly as practicable the color of the olive-drab 'Sorvice uniloJ'1ll,maybe worn in rainy or other wet weather, but thoy should not b~ worn for purposes of wannth. Neither insignia of rank on the shoulder loops, ;~or braid as sleeve ornamentation will be yora: on raincoats. No officer or e~isted man is permitted to wear any c_paip :- . . ) badge or ribbon, even though he has taken part in a c..paign, \lIltilhe bas .ubmitted his claims to *he Adjutant General and receiY~ epecific author1lat~. to do 80. The badgos and their respoct! v~ ri~bons are issued by the Quarte.... master Corps after the service of the individual hal been veritied. Ribbod representing military societies will not be worn with s~rvice, UDifonDs.

Gold o~rvice chevrons for ~ix months' service in the theatre of . operations and blue chevrons for periods of le8s than six months are autbori&od. but a gold and a blue chevron must never be worn together. While traction. 'ot the first six months' servico are recognised, after one gold chevron haa beea~ awarded. a b~ue one is never awarded, but when a seOond six-months,'period hap elapsed, a second go Id chovron is authorized. There is no authorilaUoa tor the wearing of a gold or silver star above the s~rv1ce chevrons, wbicb 1. '" supposed to de8ignate mamburship in the first 50,000 to dilBDbark oyerseas. /'! ')~~"

The wearing ot overseas caps by otticar8 and men is prohib:i'ted111 this country, excnpt at ports ot embarkation and only by men &bout to embark or those who have just d~8embark.d. . .' ..~ ',- '~-~~ ~.~ . "~,

Cities and towns of the Southwest under the air lanes used by Army flfer. are rivaling each othor in their hospitality to aviators. They are building landing fields. organizing the inhabitants into reception committe •• and raising money for entertainment. One town, whi~h calls itself -The Dynamo of Central Texas," is sending out invita.tions b:, cards '0 llyers. The cards read:-

"Upon prosllntation of this card all courtesies will be offered you, including shower and pool baths at the ~.M.C.A's t87,pOO plant. Country .. Clu~h $75,000 plant, Elk's Club's .47,000 plant • Coffoo and sundwiches will be handed out by th@ Red CrOBS canteons~ hair cut, shave and shine givon free1at any barbor shop, cold drinks at the soda.wat~r fountain, also local carfare."

,.. '';:,

"i, ~,,;~, '~~;ji•. ...

Howit feels to be in a run-away t10n balloon, torn traa its winch by a wind stOnD and blown 9000 ee ' er the Cascade Mountains, i8 told 'by Lt. H. C. Hahlbuck, an observvr attached to tho ~y Balloon School at Arcadia, California. Tho observer stuck to his balloon until hope ot ,aYing it was gone and then madeza parachute j\lllP to safety. While it wal not necessary t~at there be a passenger in the baskot, on the aft~rnoon of his adventure, ho had ascended as additional ballast in the balloon for some • experimontal work and had not adjusted his parachuto harness and carried only, four bags of sand ballast.

In the official report of the incidunt Lt. Hahlbeck stated that when the . cable broke he was riding 2500 foot in the air, and while he noUced a stona brewing in the distant mountains ho did not report it to tbo ~rf1flat the wiaoh:,bolowuntil gusts at 30 to 40 Milos an hour wore j orking the balloon and cau3ing it to roll, so that the baskot at timos was at an angle ot 45 d8graoa or mora fram thu porpondicular.

In his report Lt. Hahlbeck deacrabed what happened as follows:

"1 telephoned dovm, doscribing the wind torce and directed that thv balloon be haulad down. I Hlso asked that 1;8 manymen aa could be CO\l.,dbe assEJllblod.as I ficgured there would be trouble in handling -w":obf,lloon on 'the ' grcund, Tho wind bec.zne rapidly worse on my deacerrt , At 500 feet ebvl:\.tion the balloon was in the teoth of the gale. I saw 'by the pitching and rolling that I was in trouble and started to adjust my parachute harness ~ediatell but it ~as slaw work on account of the behavior ot the basket.

"The balloon in t1:e meantime was being maneuvered by the Ir~ below 'West, ~st the ;uard house over the main road past the K. of c. hall, Dorth over the road past thu risging tent thd then east past the rigging tent.. '\he, winch stopping on the main road in front of the balloon hanger on the west side of the road; wind blowinG forty to fitty m1le8 per hour in southWost diraction. Thure the winch started to tau! downbut th.) balloon pitched consi~erebly each time straightening up with a jerk and tlutting a severe strain on the '\"Tinchcable. Whenabout one hundred teet trC& tho ground a severe gust of wind hit the nose of the balloon causing it to pi'\bh much heavier than previously and str::ightened up and snapping tho cable just abon the sheave Wheel.

MTheballoon being free ascended rapidly to about nine to ten thoueand feet according to my oatimate of the hei?,ht above the mountains north ot the . cc:np. The mQDaneter tube bubbled ovor. I previously had grabbed the valve cor' immediately on the balloon breaking a7aY and kept the valve open almost continually on my ascent as the balloon beG8meas tight as a drum and I feared ~it would burst. I held on to the valve cord both hands finally tasten- ing it to one of the basket toggles and then hunted for the altometer, linding it on the bottom ot the baskot in between the sand bags. it having snapped o~f whenthe balloon broke away. I fastened it to the suspension bar and it ~uS then registering about 7000 ft. and caning down rapidly. I than looked at the territDry around me, could see far over the to)S of the ~ountains north of the campand got my ilosition as above San Gabriel rapidly going seuthweri t....,.d the ocean. The ccean appeared a great deal nearer than it acttally was. due t'J my h'3igl-.t. "ecntime I had closed the valve as I noticed the tins and tail were hanging loosely at the rear of the basket and seeing the balloon almost two-thirds (In,,ty ro,"-lized I had valved it too much. It was then coming dOni too fast fo~' safety descen4ing 'four thousand feet in about two mini1tes time and 05911 I

I decided to jump leaving th~ capd bags in the basket as I thought possibly the balloon might be ~arried over to tho ocean. Thon to make doubly sUre of the balloon landing in a large fiold,. ;vhichI was ap~Jroaching, I again decided to rip the balloon leaving sand ~ags in as ballast so that the balloon would descend in the fiold and not be lost, I knew it would b~ fool- hardy to stay in the basket. and throw the sand bags out becauso of tho small amount of gas in the balloon •. I ripped the balloon and vaulted over the side of the basket. taking car~ to adjust all tho straps of my harness before Flpping and looking to 8eo whieh was tho corroct 8ide to juap fram. ~I landed safely in a toma~o patch on the north side of tho field I had in mind, landing backward or)my heels. turning a complete somorsAult ovor "onto my feet again and then ruruhng to the parachute holding tho odges. down . bet ore the wind could open it atld drag me. I the unfast_ed thu hookll on my harness and rollod up the parachute in time to gi vo it to the anbulance drive, as he camo out. I landed without a scratch or a bauige. The balloon was ~ c~rriod over the fiold I had in-~ind into a wash bordering the west side 01- . it, landing on somo barb wire." ". _

B. )(. Baruch. chairman of the \'Iar Industries Board. authoril8s the following:

T. E. Donnell", Director ot the Pulp and Paper Division ot the ...... Industriel Board. )~.J.S issued tho following bulletin clearly defining HOllIe OrgBD publication, including Individual, Collectivo and ammuaity

!he individual house organ is defined as a public t1 n of s,at fl-equencJ ot issue. published in the interest o! an in i ual,,. I ftIl or corporation. It such publications were issued ~rior t~ OC ober~. 1 18, the tonnage of paper used each month shall be at least 25~tle thd ~e 8yel'&l0':';:. lIIl~untused per month dUDing the preceding twelve mont's. ilt cal s where ~ .~(.,~ the publication is less than twelve months old, the ba.t1s cClllputation shall , :1 be the monthly averab8 for period published. It a J)u"Ucation is new. it ill. ':~ f:ortlidden unless it takes the place of sCIIleother 101111 of publ1ci'tJ, .a in ;,"' doing so etfects the ~equired saving in tonnago, and will be issued based on 1, statement or details and pledges ..conforming to these req~nts.'~ '. Regarding collective house organs, those publication. printed ia the interest ot a collection of individuals. tinDS or corporations, and not haYing second claas mail ontry - the same ruling was made.

The community house orgail. a publication in the interest ot a church. charitable institution, club, society or community, and entered a' second class mail, autanatically becomes a poriodical and i8 subject to tho pegulations as issued to all publishers of poriodicals, axcept newspapers and a,gricultural publications, under dv.te of August 27th, 1918., .. .t

"The War Department authorizos the following:

In apite of influenza and with the sflDe equipme and the eflDG torce tho American fnctorios making Liberty engines' uased thuir output in 05931----

october 1500 ever So~tombcr. 'The quotas set, or total n_ber of Ong1DOS expected frexn all fnctorics in september fts 2500. The act\l&l ... bar ot eagilt:PS shipped tor SeptEiDbar was 2378. The quota •• t tor the •• _.0 factorios in Oct ober w~s 3000 and they act\MLlly shipped 38'18. The e __ p~tition among thOGO factorieS ~a8 now becaae a race, tho Nordyke U~OD CClllpanyof Indianapolis winning the octo~r pOl2lUlDtwhich waa seDt to 'the .ployeas ot this factory in a de Haviland-LibomtJ plane tr. Detroit today. The Bureau of Aircrntt Production ill this cCllpet1t1oD ba__ eel this aonth "General Porshing' a llontb1 and sot the total quot.a of L1berUos expected for Novembor at 6350.

The Navy Department is intoNod that EDslgn Charlos II. Saabora and Student DUlcer E•. H. Millet, cr_ or Seaplane A, UiS lost at sea. ha ... arrived sate and uninJurod in poJ't haring bOeDpicked up ODthe morD1ng .. ~ " '.!~ of October 31 by a U.S. Naval vb6sel. ~~ \:,~ .' ! ';~I

th':} following:

r entlJ rellla1Ded in the I, air for nino ho ra, says a report receiv It AdII1ral SiID.. the loapUane car d a full military l0&;d, four .en, rogulation 8\WplJ ot gasoliDe,' two bombs weighing nearly fi vo bW1dred paunds and two machine No .. l\1li-. ;. addi tional saaol1ne tanks were earried.

I Tho ....r nopartmont authori.o. ~. roUowiag,- \ At memorand\IDfor the commander of the AnI~ Balloons, Firat. tho following list ot obsorvers who have made ~8rachut.e jUD I ander fire with.a slight history or each cas~. I I' I i 1st Lieut. Paul N. A. Roonoy, 4th C~panr. A.S., U.S.A. Nearest \ I relative, lin. J. Rooney, Father, 16 Paris £treet, East Bostoll, Ma88. Two i !, jumps: July ~W~EL.Lt. Roonoy and Lt. Forr~nbach performed a mission i~ balloon OPP051 e Seicheproy. The balloon was attacked and burnedi both ! obsurvers j \.Illped. Thay asc and.cd....f.our hours latur in another ballo 011 and I continued the work. Sopt.~.?!::l.!_~6Ll~l-8, during the achaDce Northwest. ot I Verdun, Lt. P.N .A •. Rooney and Lt. E. S. Montgcmery, both 4th Co., 'Were J forced to j\.lllP whun attacked by three enamy planes.

2d. Lt. E. S. Montgomdry, 4t,h COIIlP8.RJ,A.S., U.S.A. NeAt of kin, Kre.~.5. tlontgOO1ory,trite, Jewott City, Conn. One J\lDp ,;ivan above with Lieut. R.oo~oy.

\ 1st Lt. ""infred C. ',~acBrayne, 102d F. t\. (4th Comfjany)Next of kin' \ Mrs. ~V. C. MacBrayna, wife, 400 Enct Uerrimnck street, Lowell, I(n8s. o~o ) j\lllP; Sept~bor},--_!.9~ Lt. MncBrayne and Sgt. 1st Class, .Nonnal Brunoll. I performing a mission during thd advnnce near ~ho Voslo Rivur, wore forced to jump when un enemy plane dove ~nd tirad upon the balloon. 1 , "l''''~ . :" ..~~;,,' -6- .nCQOl ,:. ,,':,;Joli:'*"~h' ,~". .'. \~~~~,>.L:J'i<~" ~n.=; ~~\~":~i.N~::r~~Sh~~:~:~.O::::~:i.I~~a~:;~j~.T'~ giyon above nth Lt. MacBrayne. ' , , '\:~ 1st Lt. S'. V. Clarke, 8th cs., A.S., .U.&.A. Next of tin: No re.on., '".,,)7 Two J\lDPI August 28.1918, Lt. S. V. Clarke was forced to J\IIIP fr. balloOll~i~ whou attacked by an anOOlYplano. The balloon was buJ'ned. JHo aece_" - .. ,~:i~ 1_ boaa-. lat.or in WlO~i)r balloon. SeptCJllbe~26, }p18 I.t. S. V. Cl8l'b',,~ ~" and Lt. S. li:. Whito woro observing in balloon whell attacked by aD e...,.. plane. The balloon was burned. Both ob30"er~ showod coolness ill 1-~: )"t\ one wa!ting f or the othor' s parachute to opon bot ore goiJlg ovor. . 'l~;tJ, . . (';~~r,. 2d Lt. S. E. White, 9th Co•• A.S.., U.S.A., Next or kin: 110t pYeD. . :'}1 History of this j\lllP given a~ove with Lieut. Clarke. ,;}: , t..;J ,1st Lt. James A. McDevitt. 11th Co., A.S •• U.S.A. Nex\ of kiJa:-.Jb's. J_ tt) IfcnoVitt. Yothor , 114 Yale Avo•• Ciacinnati. Ohio. Four jlllps: So t be ';.,£ 1918, at 11_I3Y. Lt. l!.cDovitt j\ll'lped when attackod by onClllYplane. OCt9'bor 5 " 1918. Lt. "eDevi tt j\lllped during the advance Northwost of Verdun. Ttion eight holos in the balloon and four in the baskot tr

2d Lt. Goorgo ». Armstron, 11th Company. A.So• U.S.~. Next ot kin: !lother. Mrs. Mary W. Armstrong. 125 South Spring Streilt, Sioux Falls, SO)oltb Dakota, Three junps. Soptomber 26. l,SlQ' Lt. AnIlstroGg while 1a a bal100A at Gormanville. during the 'rive Northwest of Verdun, was attacked bY'13n.7 pl.anos and t orcod to j \IIlP• 00 tQ..bor6 ~ )9 4-8,L t. Armstl'oag was forced to jump when his balloon was attackod bJ an onsY' airplane. " 1918, Lt. Armstrong~was attacked by two enomY'airplanes. Fokkers~ &Qd,~ to j unp, He reas ccnded iDlnadiately but was forced to j\IDP ag.:dn ihlrt~ minutos later. Thero was one bullet hole in the basket.

let Lt. Birge M. Clark. Sd Campa~. A.S., U.S.A. Next of kin, Prot. Arthur B. Clark, Fathor. stantord Univorsity. California, One J\IIPM Au&1lst39. 1918" 1st Lt. B. M. Clark and 1st Lt. Ralph L. Dold were toreed to j\.DP whan attackod by a Geraaa Pfall planu. This j\lnP occurred at . ~rou~le. ~eurthe at Moselle .aile undor the. jurisdiction of the 6th

Corps of tho 8th Freuch ArmY'0 The balloon was not burned , Eight hot .... wore found in the fabric.

1st Lt. Ralph G. Dold. F.A•• U.S.A., attached to 3dCompanr. Next of kin: Fathqr, Jacob Dold. Buffalo. N.Y. One j\.DP as abovo. 1st Lt. Harlou P. Noibling. r.A .• U.S.A. attached to 3d ComPaDJ. ,' ~!ext ot kin: ~!other 1'r3. Elize.buth Ncc, 1819 Lyndulo Avo•• South., Antlor~ Apari.monts, Minneapolis,Pinnosota. Two j\.lllpa:SllptC!l1ber I, 1918 near Rrouvillo. Hourthe ot ~,~oscllo. ~ranQo. whilo under the }ursidioiIon or thu 6th Corps of tho 8th Fronch Army. l~t Lt s , Harlou P. Neibling and Georg .., C. Carroll woro nttnckod by two anemY'airplanes and forc~d to j\ll1p. The balloon was burnud. September 26, 19l8~lst Lt. Harlou P. Nei~ing and Georgo C. Carroll were forced to ijiumpduring tho advance NorthwQst of Vor un whon attackod by two en~ planeG. Tho bulloon was burnud.

1st Lt. George C. Carroll, 3d Company, A. S •• U.S.h. Next ot kin: Father. Harry S. curroll, Garrott, Indiana. Two jumpa as above. . .

.." . .,------,

vrAR IEPAR'fdENT OSS66 i\i r Servi ce rivision of Military Aeronautics "/ashington, D. C.

WEEKLY NEWS LETTER - V,'E:"':K ~lTDIl;G 3ATuRD1~Y, NOVFJ,fBER 16, 191a •

• far Department authorize3 tile

ftrst Lieutenant Walter i.rmy, (Emergency address - It, "25 First Ave., BinninghflIl, rl.labama; Parents, Kissinrnee, Florida) and an , lIicer recently returned from the Western r-ront, has been ordered to report to gler Field, Hampton, Virginia, for duty as an instructor.

Lieutenant Lawson c~rri~s a sc~r fourteen inches long on ~is chest, made by a piec, of shell case received in action while taking observations over the enemy's 11n.e last Summer. He has spent much of his time studying these lines, both in the air with his cemera and on the ground working out war maps fran hie photo- ,Faphs. He "3.S several months on the Iletz sector. He was over that city above U or below it on the r i ver , noti n6 troop movenents, counting the nun ber of trai ns ~ ears arriviag in the railroad j~r~s and keeping tab generally on Heinie.

Lieutenant Lawson said:-- "I'm glad we didn't have to storm Metz. If we had ttempted it, our losses ~ould have been terrible -- probably the heaviest in the 'ietory of the war. The forts w er e constructed so that they covered every inch .t the front. They are 'staggered' j t hat is, th~r~ is a double row of alternate 'torts so tat in the event we took the first rank, an equally hard nut to crack presented itself inlnediately behind, and in rear of the second line was the city U.el!, anned to the teeth. They had good protection agai nat aircraft, too. I Iner say so many anti-aircraft guns bunched on one ~lace. They all let go at once when we came anywhere near and the 6rowling and barking of that iligh explosive &8 it burst was like a free -- i or-e- all in a dcg-pound .

"The observers, when they an in the air, spend a good deal of their time looking over their shoulders. Fritz never attacked us except fran behind. The 'pilot was busy running tr.e shf p in front. The observer, in rear, had notes to take, observations and photographs to take, and ou occasion he dropped everything alsa and t ired hi s two machille guns as fast as he could.

"When the observer starts for a trip over the enemy's line, he leaves the Ufsuit plane which one ~ould naturally suppose is in the air to protect him, ost at hi s own front gat e • Tr.e puraui t ship hasn't enough tuel capacr ty, to follaj 80 the formation, cnce cle~r of our lines, goes on alone. Tr.e number in 1 formation is usually from three to six, aRd we fly very close to~ether. The reason for this is t'1at we ar e thus able to concentrate our fire on <.:.nyenemy Whichmay appear.

"Fri tz doesn't oome up on the fiank or in front because he V'ould be greet.ed by ,I Ih01fer of 'steel bullets from every gun in our fonnaticn. We are safe fran above because we fly so nigh he can't get ovor us. But if he sneaks an from behind, r.e 11 likely to throw the fonn~tion into confusion ur.less we can stop hdrn , The squadron loses its clo sa f orma tion if the enemy ,:;ets the dr-op on us, and as they ere 10 much faster, they can outmaneuver us and :jet us one at a time unless we pui them c.N1ayor can beat it buck home.

, "A bunch of Fokkers one day~ot in behind us while Vi:; wer-e tLkin6 photograpts in the Metz di strict. I opened up as hard as I could ."i th .'oJy macn i r.e guns, M one fellow who wag particul~rly bold, singled ~e out. The rest kept

,~ -. -2- 05966

,; at aaue dis ccnce and circled. shooting all the time. but not particularly :'.angerous. But he snowed he meant to kill or get killed. He kept cloSing in, ca1ng at US from t,n i:~n~le in -"he rear. I anticipated him each time, and rough our telephone would .,~ive the pilot the word at the proper moment to turn .1thar to the right or the left as the case might be.

'1'e kept this fox-and-geese ch~~i~:7fo: maybe a couple of minutes. He !, p, so close I saw hire pLaa nLy , I wLs{fi'antlcally a.ll the time, as was he. It "a. allover in Le ss time tr.alll I have been talkil'lg. He nosed over and fell, camingd~ close to our lines. The men in the front trenches saw him reported it. ?Ie received official conf.i rmat.Lon in two days. which is quick time. , I, "Whena fonnation of cbs erver s get into a 'dog fight', there is much 'pramiscuous firing by everyone, and it is impossi~le to tell whose bullet brings d~ the Fritzie who nose-tives in flames. So it is a custom in all armies to credit officially every pilot and observer in a 'dog fight' when a Boche takes the count.

"The Fr~nch started the custom of taking a green American observer sent to tiMm for training ~nd putting him with a noted pilot with a long string of Yictories to his credlt. This protected the ~rican if he got into a fight agunst odds, because the pilot would maneuver so Vlell that :nhe Gennans would be al"ere at a dieadvmitage and the observer could operate his machine guns to adY8Dtage. Also, the pilot was mere than likely to wing a Boche with his own gun. Likewise, the pilot's achievements might bring the Cross of War, and in that ... nt the observer is also granted this precious bit of bronze. Can you wonderat our admiration for such a people!

"Anddon't forget the wonderful work of the enlisted men at the hangars, "0 never get off the ground. I sometimes wondered when those fellows sleep. Whenthe intantry is out we take the air on a daylight reconnaissance, getting oft the! ground thirty minutes before it is light. And our planes are always 'read1, prepared 'dy squads wht.ch have worked all the previous day and most of the. night. Each ship is .attended by a sergeant and two or three assistats, .xp.rt~echaniciana. They take the greatest pride in keeping thetr ~articular cbarge groomed like a racehoree. There is a lot of rivalry between the squads to turn out their ships in the best trim, and they take personal pride in the acb1e.,.ents ot their own pillot and observer •. Whenwe start up. 'it is with absolute confidence that every~ing is in order and that the ship is ready for tb. fight-- or the flight-- of her life. We can depend upon those boys through enrythinb' '

"The United States tas been making great strides in bUilding stout airplanes. The designers, engineers and the executives in this country, who are lOlt -.tght of by the general public in the more spectacular aspects of flying, ~ doing a wonderful work in ~is regard. As a result of th~ir slaving over problemain desk jobs, the ship is made a little stronger here and a little cleuer in design there. Many of us owe our lives to their unselfish, unevent- ful daily toil on thia side of the ocean , Thorough workmanship counts.

"Oneday Coles I a brand new man with a new pi lot, got into a fi ~1t with three Fokkers who jumped him and he ran for his life, n~tur~lly. Sklll and 300d 1uck enabled him to get to our li nes safely. The second d",.y, em anti-aircraft shell bursting directly beneat.h him and very close, tossed hir.i u; in t~le air ate a rUbber ball. No fragment touched him or the ship, b~t t~~ concu8sion ,.. -3. 05966

b ke all the br~ces oI the under wings, and the c'mvas was promptly torn aware ~~n he beat it for hot.e , and made a safe landing deapi te the condition of the . ship. He had t~onc out in <>. lJipl~l!le and c.me back in cI. monoplane. The third d a fI'a~ent of high eXplosive went through his neck , It just missed the j:Vgu'l,arvein but tore ~W&ythe tiesues 60 the great blood vessel stood out like _ lead pencl'1 • "

. Lieu~.enant Lawson '/"i.;lS wounded ';:hile near Verdun. The blow of the piece of shell casing which hit him Via;; hard enough to knock him out for a few seconds. Whenhe had reco.vured Ine found an artery had been severed. He held it with the • fingers of his left ht....nd and continued making notes with his right until the . reconnaissance was .:ompleted. Then he yelled to his pilot through the telephone: • -Beat it; I'm hit." ThA pilot did BO, made into the Aaaerican lines and five minutes after the biood stained sheet of notes was in the h~ds of his commanding officer, Lieut. I.aws.onwas on his way to the hospital where a saw-edged piece of shell, finger si?e, was r-emoved from under the right shoulder. It had nicked the edge of L3.wson'a shou Ider bar, torn a hole in his Sam Browne belt, and ranged downwarddiagonally acr-o s s hi-s chest. Lawson now cherishes the silver lieutenants bar as a souvonir, believes that the opposition which it offered to the shell fra8Tlent i 6 ~ll that kept him frem "going west." \ ...---

NOONPRESS INTZPV":F:WBY THE SECRETARY OF >'1AR, NOVEil.BER 11, 1918.

In answer to a question as to tho status of the Armyafter the war, the Secretary said:

"Undoubtedly comp~ehonsive lesislation will be necessary, in view of the tact that the legislation as it now stands tenninates all terms of enlistment at a fixed perd ed a.fter t;le declaration of peace, and it will be necessary to have congressional legislation to determine the permanent mill tary establisbnent. TheDepartment has at present, however, no intention to present its views on that subj oe t ,"

"Cargo ship:-:ents .:'ill, of course, continwe. Our Armybeing in France it i8 of course necessary for us to maintain it, and cargo shipnents will go on 'ri.thout cessation of any Bort." I, . "Troops ~'hich are now loading to be sei1t to Europe are largely medical 81'loRtleland tro~ps of that sort."

th reference to the c orrti nuance of vror-k on large plants producing"ar supplies, t'tc., Secretary Baker replied, in answer to a query:

"Someof the projects are for permanent use and same are only tempo~: til. permanent ones "'ill 50 on, and the temporary ones will be gradu!1lly stopped."

• Secretary rend a telegroo: r~ceived from the Employe~ of the Philadelphia Y'J Yard. as fo110"'s:

"The Employes of the Philadelphia Navy Yard exteY~ congratulations for e world-Wide victory for demccr acy ," -4- 05966 I rI ~i The appointment of Colonel Arthur ':,'oods to be .•s s.i st.ant Director of "ilitary At5ronautiCs v'as annnunc cd on l~ov;;lTlbur 14tl. by Niaj or General Kenly. , ~8 cEde! of the Personnel Section, Colonel woods made a host of friend's to Dan his promotion is a sour-ce of gratification. Prior to enter~ng the Air taervice, Colonel Woods was Police Commissioner of New York City under the late ~~ajor lohn purroy l.~i'tchel, who was Mayor.

Colonel Gerald C. Brant has been relieved as Aasist&at to the Direetor of rili tary Aeronautics and appointed chairman of a board to work out and re-

t canmend plans for U.e perm anerrt orga"li zation of the air forces.

The memberslip campaign which is being conducted by the Air Service Association is meeting with gratifying results. Already more than six hundred applicantions have been rF3ceived by Major : John H. Packard, the Secretary. While it has been impossible ae yet to reach the thousands or officers overseas and in distant parts of the United States, it is believed they will respond in ~u~ cour~e of time.

Cooperating w~h the officials of the Association in the campai~ are the Commanding Officers of the vardcus fields, who are issuing menoranda concerning the or.janization to the ccmmisdoned personnel in their command. This precludes the pos sibli tj of nome officer or group of officerS not hoaring of the Association.

The following is a paraphrase of a cablegram received from the Military Attache, The Hague, Nother-La m s ; "It is reportod by a prisoner of war recently arrived from Germany ..hat an American Avi~tor, Lieut. }.;~ooney, was taken to a hospital at Coblenz on October 4th. He ~as forced to the ground while bombing Baden~ It is not indicated by the report that his wound is serious." (This report :i.S be Li.eved to refer to Lieutenant Raymond T. Mooney, who gi ve a his anergency address, Mrs. VI. H. Moo~ey, 6900 Chappel Ave., Chicago, Ill.) "

The follOWing is authorized by the Secretary of \Tar:

At s"meoting this mornin~, attei~ed by the Secretary of the Navy, the chairman of the Shippin~ ::oard, and the Secretary of War, it was decided, in " Tiew of the signature of the armistice, to issue imMediate directions to cut out all Sunday work and overtime in government construction, and in government- . owned or controlled plants Rnd plants producing war supplies.

The readjustmei~ of the labor and industry of the country, which has been OCcupied in war ",ork, will be und er-t aken in c onf er-euce wi th the DeiJartment 0 f Labor and the '~ar Industrias Board, with a view of bringing about the readjust- ment"ith the least dislocation of labor and the greatest facility possible to .5.

",afforded for ther~es~abli81ment of industry. It i8 clear th~~ th..... 1. :wort enough in the Uru. tea states for all the labor in the country. ..., >CO'-l'1IDent acti vi ties, like the shipbui lding i~dU8try, 1Il11 continue _nterruptedly; others will be gradually readJueted. ".ant1lle, "tho .. i....• ployed by the Governnent or working on th. production ot 6098r t. ,lUPPli8l, should continue at th.ir oc~t~on ••

The War Department authoti18s the tollowing frClll The Office ot the Director of Purcha •• I storag.:

z '!'be clothing and shoe rop~r plants, 1a.... i... cl.aning aDclpr •• 8iag ':,laDt• conducted by the Armyin c8IIlpaand cUlto.ents throqhout the oount.., .... nowgoing at full stride, according to the report or the Con.erYllUOil , !... c~ation Division, (now Salvage Division) for the .ontls of sept."". Dur1aI *" month there were ra~red a, total of 1,7'16.247 vUel •• ot wearl.. .,parel. "I.Wed in thiiJ toaal were: 520.861 pairs of shoes. 96.131 hat., 121._ . ... reoat.; 169 ,056 coat 8; 370,648 pair. ot br•• ch... 164. 844 r~l 8bi.rU. ~".'18undershirts; eo ,093 pairs ot drawers; 17.554 pairs of .too~. &a._ \PdJ'I ot lea:;l;n.;, 56 ,391 blankets;, 4.289 .. eater. and 'n.,SiS other arUolN •. .... were a180 53,030 cote repair.d and 17.'76 tent anel CIID'" rep.,.. .-.

.. moath. f.

In the dry cl.aning 8lJd pressing ~hop. there were clelUlM UMl," •• ;.,3'4 articles of wearing apparel'. The laundries dur1na that .on"th •. haDdW '.__ &1 ot 6,008,845 pieces anel 460 ,002, bundles, which bro"'&ht a r.Ye'" ot . 140,801.70. Included in this laundry total were: 930,406 piec •• aDd 454,343 ~""le. for officers and enlisted men; 1,989,556 ".ce. for baH hospital.; J a,J06,95i. pieces for reclamation work and 973,864 other pt.ecee. .

"ute materials collected during the month reached a large fipre. The r~ shows that there were collected: 8,67',047 PQuncl. ot iron; 541,641 pound• •, old metal, (al\.lDin\lll, brass, copper, lead and aine); 335,07. po1ADll. of ~I ,1,163,,545 pounds of cotton rags; 527,043- pouncl. of woolen rap, 140,172 pound• .•t rope; 2,773,763 pounds of paper. 1,329,680 bag.; 494,498 pound. of burlap; 195,505 pounds of leather; 360,474 pounds ot bottles ud jar.; 189,gag bUTe1a .... boxes. 15,073 pounds of horse and Ilule hair. 1.832,820 teet .t l_b.r and ; 15e,562 pounds of miscellaneouB waste. These waste material. were .1th.r solcl ., turned over to various Army organizations, the .ales bringing a r •• en\&8of .1106,772.05 during the month. The sale8 of m8lllU"ebrought a toW ot '31.650." ElM the sales of garbage and miscellaneous waate brought j6l,361.M aak1q .: . ~ of '199,784 .76 tor the waste material. sold during the month. '

Reports frem 18 camps, fields and prov1ng grounels show 2,593 acre. ot :autlnl producing trui t s, vegetables and hay. / ,/ I l .'~ The landing field at Ot esa, Near Rockwell Field, San Diego, Calitonaia, ilia been named "East Field" n honor of the late .cajor Whitten J. East, who wa. recently ki Hed in a dent. .

, Major Raycroft Walsh has been appointed an Assistant Executive in the Ixecutin Section, W&Bltington, D. C.

-.--.. - _.... - ,-_ .._.- . ,".__4_.' ~..-'- ..- - ...... _~.... ,-. .. , ...._---_._. _.,."-' ------'---'-_ ..•. ' ------.._------.------_._------~~ ------6- 05966 / I, Major Frank C. Page has been p l aced on t enpor-ary duty with the Executive ction,a;.eronautical Lnf orma t Lon Branch. 1 Lt. col. George H. Shields, Jr., has been relieved from duty in the .j Section and transferred to the Balloon Branch, Training Section for

The aviation landing field at La Belle, Florida has en named "Valentine 'eld" in honor of Second Lieutenant Herman W. e, A.S.S.C. who was .Hed in an airplane accident at Car.lstrom Field, May 4, 1918.

Major Charles W. Hammond has been appointed Summary Court 0fficer of the ivision of Mi li tary Aeronautics.

" A Film and Picture Branch, under Captain L. E. Rubel, has been created for e pacpose of collecting, selecting, producing and distributing photographs d motion pictures intended for public use.

Lt. Col.Lawrence McIntosh is now assistant to Col. Archie W. Miller. who is D charge of all matters pertaining to district supervisors.

Col. William Jay Patterson has been placed in charge of t.he aerial coast fense project.

for Sunday Papers, November 17. t (Four photographs, numbered 23,967, 23,968, 23,969.and 23.970~ illustrating !thisstory, may be obtained upon application at the News Desk.) ! Caations: 23,967-Vaux, key-point of the defenses near Verdun, obliterated by the bb and flow of ~ar. 23,970-Chateau~Thierry, the farthest point of Ge~an penetration last pring, wtere American forces began the drive which served as a prelude to the resent vast retii:ement.

e War pepartment authorizes the following sta t enent : .> Over 100,000 prints of aerial photographs had to be turned out in four days y the aerial photographic force of the Air Service during the recent offensive st of Verdun and in the Argonne re~on, according to an overaeas report just eceived here. The aerial negatives had originally been made by French squadrons ~.per~ting over the sector, but the productio~ 0 f prints on the large sc~le J_ecessary had bee~ left to the ft~erican serv~oe. As ~he offens~~ w~s 1n the ~.ature of a surpr~se, all the preparatory work. especlally the brln~ng up of ,.erican air'squadrons, had to be concealed up to the last minute. , The American photographic force was brought together and travelled all night to headquarters, arri ving at 9 A .l~:• By 10' 0' clock a laborat ory had been im .. Ipro~sed in the shed of a brewery, and the tJrinting was actually in progress, lng the first night. with cost limited facilities. 3000 prints were made, and ~er a record of 9000 prints in 16 hours for a single photographic section -7- 05966 / ':',bliehed. the latt~r made possible only by carrying all the water in buckets 1. a considerable d~stance.

DUing theciffensive the adv.ance. o~th~ troo~s wa~ 60 rapid that nearly , the pla.nes and observers were oc cupa ed an mak1.ng vlsual observations and lating artillery fire. Aerial photographs. however, were made by the nican !~rces of the results of heavy artillery lire, and proved ~ery valuable, pllotographic mission &lso was sent out along the Meuse to asc::ertain if reports ~ correct that all the bridges were down, The results were so good that the -ct ftLIDberot troops, truoks, and even machine gun cClDpanies in movement at -t hour was asaertai ned.

Valuable leasons were learned in this lar~est operation ot the photographic eUon yet carried out overseas. 'J

-All of this work", the report says, "was done under the crudest possible r i.' .Ulon., and the results speak very highly tor the quality of our men, their ',litr, resourcefulness and endurance, tor there was very little sleep tor .ne during those four days, but the men all realized the importance of their

w•• d toot particular pride in it."

-Photographic sections will tram now on be subjected to work under extr .. ely. 'tic\llt conditions. The area over which the advances are made is usually .',rely torn up by the arti 11ery and no shelter of any kind i. available, _>ortation faci 11ties are limited, barracks extremely ecUC'8, and photograph- Nettons often left to shift for themselves. The ingenuity and push ot the nograptic otticer is "taxed~to the limit."

CITAlrION5-i

5ect~ol1A .

Releaeed for morning papers. Tuesday, November 19, 1918, and thereafter.

The Commanderin Chief of the American Expeditionary Force. in the Daae of President. has awarded the dist n 's d service cross to e following Daaed fleers and Itldlers for the acts of extraor et forth after their ": r1rst Lieutenant Frank Baer, as S.R.C., Pilot, 103rd Aero Pursuit Squadron, • . • the following repe.ated acts of extraordinary heroism in action five, April 12 . 23. May8 and 21, 1918, Lieutenant Baer is awarded a bronze oak leaf to . worn on the distinguished service crOBS awarded him April 12, 1918• • enant Baar brought down enemy planes on April 5. April 12 and on April 28, :' 011 May 191P he destroyed two German machines and on May 21. he C8stroyed . Mb enemy plane." ;'...... Next of kin: Mrs. »nma B'. Dyer. mother, 1304 Maud 5:treet, Fort Wayne• .' J'ir.t Lieut. Wallace ':;oleman, Pilot, Observation Group, 4th Corps, "For 'IOrdinary heroism in action near Jaulny, France, September 12-13, 1918. On :taber 12. Lieutenant Coleman, with Second Lieut. William Belzer, obaerver. . ,1, on an artillery surveillance mission, was attacked by an enemy plane. The, , . , , -8- 05966

wdted until the enemy ~as ut clo~~ ran2e~ fired fifty rou~ds directly into the vital parts of the macha r.e , when "(,I',e machi ne was seen to da aappear out of control. The next day Lieutenants Belze~ and Coleman,wh~le. on ~ reconnaissance misa10n ere attaeked by seven enemy aa r-cr-a rt , They unl1esltahngly opened fire, but :.ming to thai r guns beimg j arnrned, were forced to withdraw to our lines, where, ):Baring the jam, they returned to finish the mission. Theiir guns again jammed, 'd th~' were driven back by a large patrol of enemy planes. After skilltul .anoeuvering they succeeded in putting une gun into use and r.eturned a third time only to be driven back. Undaunted, they returned the fourth time and acc~pliShed their mission, tran8ll1i tting valuable information t~ the infantry •headquar t" er s , Heme address: R. B. Coleman, father 1625 Boyd Avenue, Racine, Wisconsin.

Second Lieut. Willigm Belzer, Observer, Observation Group, 4th Corps. "For Ixtraordinary heroism in action near Jaulny, France, Septemlter 12-13, 1918. On September 12, Lieutenant Belser, with 1st Lieutenant Wallace Coleman, Pilot, while on an artillery surveillance mis si on , was attacked by an enemy plane. They wdted until the enemy was at close range, fired fifty rounds directly into the rital parts ot the machine, when the machine was seen to disappear out of control. 1'he next day Lieutenants Belzer and Colemu, while On a reconnaissance mission, were attacked by seven eaamy air~raft. They unhesitatingly opened fire, but, ewing to their guns being jammed, were forced to rithc:trqw to our lines, where, olearing t~e jam, they returned to fin! sh the miss! on. Their guns again j8DIDed nd they were driven back by a large patrol of enemy planes. After skillful .anoeuvering, they succe eded in putting one gun into use and returned a third time, only to be driven back. Undaunted. they returned the fourth time and accClllplished thetr mission, transmitting valuable information to Infantry Headquuters ." Home address: Frank g~ Belzer, Glasgo., Montana.

First Lieut. William Duckstein, Pilot, First Aero Squadron. "For extra .. ordinary heroi6ID in action between Montrebaau and Exermont, France. September 29. 1918. While on a special cpmmand reconnaissance to ascertain whether or not there wa'~y conceDtration of enemy troops between Montrebeau and Exermont, which might indicate a possible counter-attack, this officer obtained informatioa ot the very greatest value. Flying over the enemy's at an alti tude of less thaD "200metres, in spite of most unfavorable atmospheric codi tions, in the presence, of n\llleroU8 enemy aircraft, and under continuous heavy ritle and machine gun fire tram the ground, Lieutenant Duckstein spotted enemy troops massed for oW1ter-at tack, and, although sever ly wounded by a machine gun bullet frem the round, continued his mission until he had clearly and aCCURAtely located the osition. He then returned, and, though suffering rraD. the pain of his"!WoWJd, IlCceeding in writing out and dropping a clear and complete message. The counterattack, la~ched shortly afterward by a Cresh enemy di_ision was, crushed, and \9 accurate and timely information brought back by Lieutenant Duckstein after I nry gallant flight under highly adverse conditions, was of the greatest laportance in this success." Home address: Mrs. A. W. Duckstein, wife, Wardman Courts. west, Ilehington, D. C.

First Lieut. Alan Nutt, (deceased), Pilot, 94th Aero Squadron,- "For extraordinary heroiam in action near Porges, France, September 26. 1918. While OIl a patrol Lieutenant Nutt encountered and unhesitatingly attacked eight Fokker Plal'll~. After a few minutes of severe fighting, during which he cl:isplayed lDdamltable courage and determination, this officer shot down one of the enemy '~eB. Totally surrounded, outnumbered, and without a thought of e.cape. he -9- 05966

continued the 'attack until he was shot down in flumes near Drillancourt." Next of kin:. Robert H. Nutt, Cliffside, New Jersey •

. Second Lieut. Percival G. Hart, 135th i\-ero Squadron, -"F

'1"beWarDepartment aunhor-i aae the following;-

At Ellington Field, Houston, Texas, a crew consisting of four privates nd two non-commissioned officers, uncrated and assembled an airplane in three ;ours and fifty minutes. This included the time cons~ed in hauling the boxes full of parts from the freight yard to the hangar, unloading and unpack- ing the boxes, assembling the airplane in every detail ready tor flight, am .taking the empty boxes back to the freight yard It

The winning crew was not made up of picked men but one of fourteen selected at random frQ'll Sqllladron quartered at EllingtOn Field which were unloading and assembling a new shipment of planes received from the factories. The time ttt the sloweat teCllIlwas five hours and nine minutes.

At another field recently a crew of experts consisting of twelve non- COIIImisfEi.onedofficers did thi s same work in three hours and eight minutes, but they were especially selected men and twice as many in. mmber.

The trial flight of the !irst hoeric .. b~ ~.ndley-Pag. ~ wae witnessed last Friday by President and Mra. Wilson, Secretary of War Baker. r , John D. Ryan, Colonel Arthur Woods, Assistant Director of Military Aeronautics and a crowd of fi va thousand spec tators. The event took place at the polo field in Potomac Park in the early part of the afternoon.

The airplane was piloted by Captain E. B . Waller of the Royal British Air Forces. Pri or to the fli ght Oaptain Waller shook hand s with the President who expressed an interest in his car.er. To emphasize the sixe of the biplane an ordinary plane was parked beneath each of its broad wings. 'iihh DEF i-.RTiiiEr;T Alr Service 'ij r~;. ~~~ o.: o " :~:l..~j.~ .tr] i». 'O.l~dit::.CS ':!3.ahin.~ton, ::,.c.

LY NE"'.'S LETTER- ....nr~K EiJnI ~n s YI~'RnAY, rJO\'~:EER23, 191&

1'. John D. Ryall, Director of Air Service, and Assistant Secretary :If ':!ar,. has -"\ a ..statement commending the formation of the Air Service Clubs' Association, bership campaign in behalf of wha ch is being conducted by t he ofticers ot ".rganization. rl'r. Ryan '!!E..S one of ihe first to join the Aasociation and ;,~en eleeted Chainnan of the BOa.r,; of Control. :';r. Ry,ur!s st a...tane:1t so.ys: [..,/'

~., "THE AIR SER'JICECi"U9S' ASSOCIATIOn pranises to accanplish much for the Air Service and s1:ould bring the iJf:;rsonnel of tr.e Service into closer , ro1*tionship, profession&lly and ~ocially.

" Opportunities are offcred munbers'th~ough local Clubs in the United i states and through tl.e c o-uper-ata on of the associa'tion "lith l.ir Service \ GrgllidzaUons in other countries that should result in great be,~efit to the members, and ! believe ~ill result in a permanent Assoc~tion ot lIternational scope. w.u ch ! const der to be highly desirable."

aDe L,.W.F.'5, 'which have been used as training planes left Kell, Field ,week bound for Siberia where they will be used by the Czecho-Slovak forces :tUas agains:t the Bolsheviki t

, Lieutenant W1llilill T. Csmpbell, Assistant Otfieer in Charge of F17ing at 'neld recently made 102 consecutive loops f'rCllla heighth of ten thousa.m '.

CITA'T'TONS, rAir Service r

The Commanderin Chief e name ot .the PreSident, has awarded the t shed servo the following named officers and soldiers for extraordinary heroism set forth after their names:

, Col. (Brig. ~en.) William Mitehell, Chief of Air Service, First Army. - , repeated acts of extraordinary heroism in action at Hoyon, France, M~rch 26, t near the Marne Ri ver, France, during July 1918, and in the st. ~uniel ',bt, France, September 12-16, 1~18. 'For displaying bravery f'ar beyond that ir.d by his position as Chief of Air Service, FiTst Army. American _~1tionary Forces, setting a personal example to the U.S. Aviation by piloting , a1rplane over the battle lines since the entry of' the United States into the 't SCIIleinstances being a fli6ht in a monoplane over the battle of' Noyon on 'ob 2&, 1918, and t the baik areas, sel3inb and reporting upon the action of both 'and ground troops, 'vhich led to a change in our aviation's tactical methods. ~\night in a monoplane over tr.e bridges which the Genr,e.nshad laid across the Marneduring July, lS18, which led to the first definite reports of the

.' I .1_ ..... 08997 . •J • iocation of thene bridg( and the subsequent a ttack upon (.10 Gonnan troops by ou~ Air ?0rces~ Daily reConnaissancBa over the lines during the battle ~i St. ).:ihi91 Se:.liont, September 12. to 16, securing valuable information of the enemy tro cps in the air and on the ground, which led to the excellent combin ed acti on by the allied air services and ground trocpo particularly in thin battle ,"

U~jor P~ul Annengaud, French Army. a::.;sistantChief of Staff, Air Service, First Il.rr:JY. - "For extraordinary he roi en in action near st. Mihiel, France, . • Sept. l2-l6~ 1918. Major Paul Arm engaud , French Army, while acting as assist~t Chief of Staff, Air Service, First Army, displayed great bravery much beyond • that required by his position while acting as observer in an airplane. Each day of the battle in the st, Mihiel Salient he flew over the hostile lines through our own and the enemy's artillery and machine gun fire, observing the enemy air and ground activity and the disposition of our own Air Forces, thereby bringing back valu~ble information as to the enemy's dispositions and probable intentions which materially aided in our subsequent operations."

..... B~ginning Friday, November 22d, Anny planes from flying fields in various parts of the United States, will atart a series of cross-country flights to cities in their sectors to chart air lines, make air maps and gather valuable air statistics. Incidentally they \'1ill locate Si tesfor landing fields and airdromes; the landing fields to become part of a great chain that soon will "air link" every important corrmunity in the'country from coast to coast; the airdromes in addition to offering shelter to visiting flyers to be made available if needed in helping to house the equtpment the Air Service will bring back from 07erseaSr This reconnaissance work wi 11 be gradually extended as fast as arrangements can be made, .

Ar- iwpontant part of this work by the Air Service is bringing up to date the records started years ago by the cavalry, which by cross cnuntry rides m~de .extensive maps for future emergenu2es, showing all available shelter, battery locations, good r.oad s, bad roads, fords, safe bridges, poor and plentiful • sources of wat.e r and food suppli-es.

Then the C~valry was the eyes of the Army. Today the airplane takes the cavalry's pLac s, and to operate successfully in the 'air, squadron. c ommander s must know their sky routes as cavalry leaders knew the turnpikes and high~ays, As the hor serian needed water and fo:cuge,'so the air pilots use g s,s, oil and landing fields. Without landing' fields under him and without chartered lands through the sky, the flyer today is just as ~uch up against it as the pathfi~der of colonial iimes blazing a trail through a tr~ckless forest.,

The flyers who start this air map makingc~paign Friday are combat pilots trained in the United States for fighting o~erseas and whose battle training has, by the &lmistice, been turned to account in preparing for the t~es of peace.

Eajor General Kenly. Director. of Miii tary Aeronautics, has placed in c h arge of this Lm.r.e.ns e r-e con caissance work, Colonel ~,;.F. Davis, head of the Training Section and an army officer who saw his first field s errvice on the plains with the Fir st and ?ourth Cavalry, and who has ridden horseback all three historic trails across the continent - the Lewis 6nd Clark, Oregon and Santa Fe. ------_. - ~.------,------~--- ~------. -- -3-

A.S.C.5~ Permanent.

. ODeof the aims of the Aj;r Service Clubs' Association is to retain on its roll. all members w~o ~eav~ 'the 3ernce an goOd stQllding. In fact, a prim.,. object ot the ASSOCl.~tl.O?1S to Keep the personnel of the Air Services in close o~ after the ~e~l.nat10n ot,the ~ar, fostering keen and active interest in 1 fOnDS of ml 11tary aer-onaut aca , 'lhe members who pass into civil life. there- or'. rill continue as active members in full standing.

The average rating ot the officers at Kelly Field was 60 .ao/c • E:ilghty to. officers on duty at Headquarters lead with an average rat~ng ot 60.3 o/c.

The following instructions were sent by wire tTam the ottice of ~ajor QeD.tal Kenly to all fields, Callpe, barracks, ctdpot8, etc. in the Diu.i.on 01 1itary Aeronautics:

"All cadet.s now in training at Air Service flying and ground schools will " given option 01 immediate discharge without commission or campletingtheir ning. Those who continue will, upon canpletion of training, both primary '!dvaa;ed, be immediately discharged and sent to their homes but will receive • due course ccxmnis 51 ons as sec ond li eutenants in the Officers' Reserve Cot'p$ fDa: \ &ttl cad.t now in training ",ho was transferred trem -the Student AnnY'lr.ainiD8COr~/ . : retransferred to the Students Army Traini:lg Corps if he so requests, provided • r.turns to college immediately. No further commissions will be iesued at l»lels and no cadet will be continued upon active d ut.y after he has cCIDpleted Idl entire traiirlng.

"Every non- r 1ying 0fficer at~ould be given an 0ilportuni ty to canplete hi s flying ttaining whether class 1 or 2".

"If any officers desire seuaration from the service and if their services can be spared, forward their names to this office for proper cons ideration." ')

In addition" orders nave been issued for the closing of the flying field. t (Selfridge), Mt. Clemens, Mich., (Chanute) Rantoul and {Scott)&elleville. Illinois. Orders nave also been. issued for the nbandorment of the Air Service. Mechanics School at st. PaW.. Candidates for cODlDissions at balloon schoole till be discharged and conmissioned in the Officers' Reser .... C9rpS as rapidly al they ccrnplete the1.r course of instruction. '

Circular "TAR DEPARTMENT. 10. 7S. Washingtyn. November 20, 1918.

DISCHARGE01i' OFFICERS. V

1. The President has dotermined, under the provisions of section 9. act . ot Congress approved May 18, 1917, that the public service will be pranated by the discharge, as rapidly as their services can be spared. ot officers in Ths 9nited States Army, except those h~lding commissions of any kino in the Regular Army 08997

2. Department cemmarder s , commanders'of c;:eps not under the jurisdictioA or department canmanders or of chietrs of bureaus of the' War'Department. 0..... 114111'. or ports of E!I1barkati.on. all chief s of staU corp. and department •• inclwlillg \h. Chief of Fi aId Artillery aDd the Chie f of Coast Artillery, are authoril.d .~ directed to discharge such officers of the line and .taft a8 are under their 'otP&rxl as rapidly as circ\JDstances permit, 3,' All separations r.rCID the service will be by discharge a.' authorised bJ law; tenders of resignation will not be received nor con8id.red, ~uch diScharges will be a complete separation of the individWll trOll the ll111tiarJ .. mee and will terminate ail commi88ion8 held by hila in the Otficer.' ReMne Corpsor otherwi se. All officers 8hould be so informed and should &110 1M ill- 'ollled that, while they are given opportunity to, expre .. their d•• ire8 r.1aU.e to cCIIIIDisdonin the Reserve Corps or the Regular A..." the granting ot such o_ll1ons will be entirely dependent upon their tit.ss, el1g1b1l1t1 aDd .uch _aneies as may be provided by existing or future laws and ,resu1at101l8. , 4. Orders received directing the reduotion of the enlisted etrensth of a ~d will be construed as requiring a,colT.spon41ng reeructioll ot ~e.o.d ';f!~ nrength in the manner provid.dby these instruction., ror th. purpO" 01:<' ...t.rmining the order ot discharge, otticers will be U'1'8Ilg'clinto the toUew1ac '.L;:1' ,1aese. and discharged in this order:.

Firlt,

Second,

Third, ot fic~rs desiring appointment t if opponUDity pel'lli"" la." RegUlar Army and whCID cOlllllandingotficers rec~end fOl'.... ', appointment. ' u.;\ .,'

5. The following officers will not be discharged UDdtr P"rift ...'. ., hll. instructi6ns~ ..' !. OUicers holding commissions in the RegUlar AMy. either ." ua..; active list or ret1recl list. ':" ' ~. Officers in arrest, under charges, or .e"ing eente .. ot a .I'II,al court-martial . . ,y':;,' .. . . :... ".':.,' .... , £. Officers having had money or property account&biUtr ad who , . "',. . not a clearance therefor. ,2. OUicers on sick report or in ho'spita! • .!. OCficers who for exceptional reallOnse~ ,not be spa.... or wh_., opinion of the commanding ofricer,s~ould not be discharced at . time. . .. . ,ficers of classes b • .s'. s. and,2- may be discharged.eIl no 1"'1"111 the, &tUB stated. - 6. For each orricer discharged under the .. inst1"\lction8 then will .. repared and forwarded eto The Adjutant General ot the Ana1 8uch reco ..el ' '~':: reacribed in' Circular No. 73, War Department, 1918. In additiOll ~o ~he rec 1<'~;i rd reports r.equired therein a report of discharge on '0 III l5().Cl'&!tG8 will M,. 'r:, lent separately by tegistered mail to The Adjutant General ot the AftiI. ACOPI f this form is being distributed. It will be rePJ'O~uced locallyln~uttici.' \IllntitJ to meet all requirements and will b.. cCllpleted in all reepect8 befo... Onrarding.

• - -- __ ._~ ,..:0-- ~ ._, •. ',' • ~ .: I • -5- 05997

7. In addition to the r~ports .. quir.ed by Circular ~•• ?Iab'. b1 paragraph 6 of t.he se instructions, a telegraphic report will be sent daily to. the Adjutant General of the ~nny ,Atention Room325, giving the following infamnation: The number ot offlcer~ of each a~ or corps by grades discha~ged i,bat day under provisions of thi s clrcular. Also a list, gi ving the full name, ru*. organization. anD, staff corps or department of each officer discharged tlJat day, will be sent daily by registered mail to The Adjutant General of the AltAyA.ttention Commisstoned Personnel Branch. 'S. The {o-Uowing fonn of order will be used 1n discharging officers wider _~e8etn8tructions:

"By direction of the President, and under the provisions of Section ~, let of Congress, May 18, 1917, and Circular No. 75, War Department, 1918, Captain Jolla 'Doe, Infantry, is honorably discharged fran the servJ.ce of the United . tai's, for the convenience of the governnent, to take effect this date, his .rrices being no longer required."

9. It is' the intention to issue Reserve Cor,ps canmissions in general'to 01' officers who have served with credit to themselves during the war and who lire such commissions. Care should be exercised therefore in the entriee 8D4 eI_endatiobs on Form 150-CPB-GS to insure justice to the indiVidual aDd to • Goverl'lD8IIt. In case they desire to do 10 appUcante for cClllDi••ion in tM .. rve COrpl, or Regular Army will be permitted to append to Farm 150-CPB-GS opiee of le~ers frCIIImilitary superiors .etting forth specially meritori~UI ,"ice or ac~ion. . ,. 10. In connectio-n. with these discharges atten~ion is cU:i'ect~4to the llowing~ . a.. Section 9, act of "':ay 18, 19~7, (See page 11, Bulletin No. 32, ., Department, 1917). ,R, Sixth paragraph, Section 37, act of JWte 3', 1916. (See page Special Regulations No. 43). c • Act of March 2, 1901, relative to travel allowances" (See . .. '" graph- 684, Military Laws or -the United States, 1915). ", .' A. Act of March 30, 1918, relative to ~~etoralion of 'enli.ted lieD tonDer grades, (See section ,V, Bulletin No. 22, War De}lartmeat, 1918) • .I. M_orarid\ID of Judge Advocate' General, Augu.t 30. 191', (.See &graphs3, 4~d 5, page 22, Bulletin KG. 72, lTIarDepar'tment, 1917). 1, OPinion of the Judge Advocate Geural, 2.141.5,Karcb 30, 1918. St. page 23~ Digest of Opinions, JAallch, 1918). \,1, PrClllpt cClIDpliance with instructions ,contained here1a ie directed. (210.8, A.G.O.)

By order of the Secretary of War:

',' , PEYTONC. MARCH, \ ticial: General, Chief of staff. \: P. C. HARRIS, The Adjutant General.

~' .I \, .."

The manllqr ;i.n which offioers of the J.1r Service reslJonding to tl.~ •• bership cqIIlpilign, now, beine; ~~nducted by the Air Service Giuhat !zs8.. iation, .sr be judge4 ~1,the a~t~on or ih! cQmmiss10ned personnel ot the Air Service . ArIIorer8"Sch.~1. at F~J.rtield. Ohll.o. The CClllll1anding Ofticer appointed Li.utenant George H. (..ox, to ~ treasurer of a MElDbershipCfalnittee. AjJ a re8ult ot their activi tii.Sf forty one l1!emberswere enrOlled in the Association • •

The. resign_tion of Nr, rohn D. Ryan1as Second Assistant Secretary pI War aDd Director 9.~Air Service has b~~n announced. ~r. Ry~. who as President ot the Aaaconda c.,awer COIIpant has, been prOl!linently identified in the financial ~orld will r8~' his pr~v~~e ~1'a1'ru. In the interim until a SUCOepsor1~ cIIo8enMr. Wt "~~ Petter will act as Director of Air Service. I'

~: ,r,-Ryan'. \.,~~ ot re~~gnat~on and Sec', dt vtlUt Baker'lt acceptance read a. ttllcsws. " . . I November 21, 1918 .. Dear IIr. Secretary.

~th the signing of the Armistice and the con~equent reduc~Qn la the progr~ 91 Aircrattfroduction. I believe my work here has beC:CIJ1e' relatively unjaportant. J have not taken over the actual direction of , II1litary ~erQ"autics and ~y connection with it hae not made any reai C;!lang, in Us operati9n~. .

I feel strongly, that now the war is over, my duty lies in the line of my fonner wOJrk~ Labor and ind\,lstry of the country must be q\licJt).y adjusted trom a war to a peace basis, and the cepper- production is tDe Qt the aut vital to the country's weltare. I believe 1 can do much in het-ping' t~ bring about stable condit~ons. and that I Mould take up the work immediately. f ,~ '. . 1 therefore r~si~ as 2nd Assistant Secretary of ryar and ~ector ,If Air Service, to take ,tract as soon", 'conveni.nt to you.

I desire tp express to you my sinc~re gratitude for the Oppor- tWlity given lIle to serve in .the war. I have had at your hands the greatelJt assistance and epcouragElllent in all the work I have had to do. I shall a1.ay. priM the assp~iation witit you and wi. th the War Department. " Sincerely yours,

(Signed) /ohn D. Ryan.

""ar. •

...... ,...;,'

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-7- . OS991 \~,;';1-' .: ,~"..,:' . .,.. .\ ..

.., ".PAr. Ryan: I have just received your letter of November21 RealiEing ~ ••" great ~p07tance of the production and di8trib~tion ~i topper in the ~"abli.hlant ot our national civilian industry., and your owa i1timate .rtlation to this great busines\s~ I reluctantly acquiesce in Y0i." .'esire to returD to it and. to terminate your relations as Second Assiriant ~,cretary ot .... and Director ot Air Servio e •

Your unfailing courtesy has been a source of great personal ~~DI'S to me, and your services to the country as Director of .tir Service ~ .. been consp1cuOusi the sense of sureness and executive effici~cy which 'our &d.ent contributed to the Air Service made trom the first a mQ,ked ro... nt in the entire prospect, The armistice of course has in~t'rrupted tilt constructive developn:oent.of that &reat program. It ha4. however, advanced 1IIJOIlCl the experimental stages. and .,en in 80 new an art as the air service a.trica' 8 contribution within a year and a halt was substantial and w3uld. in .lbert time. have been determinati ve ,

,I shall set your own judgment as to the most appropriate time tor till t.ermination ot your ottice. expreuing only the hORSthat you will continue '1 the plans tor contract cancellati'on and demobil1aation are sufficiently -...cl to allow those .. are to carry them out to have detin1 te and fixed 1p18' tor their gu1dance~ • Cordially yours. I \ Newton D. Baker. Secretary ot War. \ able John D. Ryan. ")ond A.ssistant Secretary ot \tar.

-----_ ..- - ~-_. ! i ,/

\'i J\ J)1!~P!;P:i1iJ,E"r'! i~ir S0rvice Div:l.i:lion of MiJ.i'tory' j,tlrQ{le,U~~,cfd V'Cl.cihii1t~t011, n.c •

..,~.~~~ ':.

'~"l '...,..

.fit the time tLe.-o:n:istic8 ',vac" signed concr-ac t s had boon signed for the

manutac t ur-e of 95 I 99~ Ql,l'plr"nu mo-c'ors,f' whir:h number 31;,814 had been e.ctually 1 n anuf'ac t.ur-ed , Gf th t s manoe r 15,131 were Li')()r'",y mot or-s , In October 5,603 j.. mot or s were turned out ''Ii t.h a c orrt anp Iut.ed pl'odu{"~ion of 8 ,OCO in January, 1919 ::..tnc 10,000 c: month for~'lle following f our rn ojrt h s , In addi t i on to this, 12.000 a i.r'p Lane s and sev sn nundr od kite ba.Ll.o ons wer e mr.nuf ac t ur ed ,

These fi,>:,;u'res and ot nnr s as interesti.ng in connection 'vi th the production of aircrdi wer-e rcad o pub.l ic :-.t an Gxhibi~ion of a i rp Lan e material held in t.he st,tte.1flJu.r and Navy~)ui':'diilg. WashLlgton, on l"ovem.Jer 28 before i:lecrotary of War Bc.ker and Q gat-heriaL: of .rewspap e r men ,

A Deliava Land Four b omh.inv plene ',~'~~,&usect as a tr,or1el to illustrate ,.the strides made it, u3roPHui;ics. Uf~icjah} who ~,~ljoLe.i~O the [,athering dec-Lar-ed that the machine shown VJd~: 'typ'i cul. of more -chan five hundr-ed whi ch wer-e awa'i t.Lng shipment overseas whe n tLe < .... rm.i s t Lce W:JC" s:i_€)1ect. '.clio 8tutement '1m\:) a.I so made that 38,000 o f t.l.e 'Lnle of 11arUn mac lu ue \U1': mourrtso on the De HG,viland had been produced in tl':o pa,'t t.woLve .nont hn .in c.,!'di+,ion to :lO,OOO of t;1(,) Lew i s type.

The nan-es of th0 COl1CClrnGengaged in the manufacture 0 f Li berty engines and '~he nunber- pr oduc ed by each ,/Vere anno unc cd , TLe Pac l.ar-d Motor Car Co made

61000. the Lincoln 1'1oto::'8 COTnl,any, 6 ,oce. Ford b;otor Company, :'J ,000;, Nordyke and !VJalIDan 3)000; Oener a., ii',otors Corporation'/ Euick and (;&(F1Ltc companies, 2000 each and the '::'rego t10tors COl'poreJ.tion. 50u.

On t.he sub j act of spruce and .Linen some .izrt e r-est.i.ng s t.at.emerrt s were made. It w as said that to th'3(;l\i ted stu:.:.es fel). the task of supp Iya ng the spruce for tho ae r-onaut.i caL tro(';ram:ne of tllS AJ.lios as well as j t I G own. In October of Lar t year 5,000,000 lee';; a morrth W"W demanded "/Lile t.he r-ax.irnurn production only to-Galed 2~500,OOO f e et, In tho s ame month of -:~his y ear the r-cquc.r ement.s were 20)000,000 feet a month which was nie t with a pr-o duc t.Lon of 25,OOCl,OOO. To ,~)'.~ocure -i;his amourrt of fj~):"Uce 3U,000 men were employed in -~he l1orthwest. To supply sufficient qU8i1t:\.ty cutton fC'.b:d,c as a subs t.i tut.e for Irish linen, 2,500 looms were n-anuf'ac t ur-Lng 1,200.('0(\ yards a morrth wl.en the anni'stice was signed. Up to that ('at" more than ::'3,000,00(1 ;rards of fabric had been delivered to the «ove rrsne rrt •

Of'f rca e.Ls of t:tle 1,jr Service ,;Jubs' l~ssoc;i..b,tj,on ,"'.:~i; ur gi.ng every officer in t ne id,l' Service to become members of this or-gamz e.t.i on pith a view of ke epi nr; up the a nt er e st in t ne avia t.i on of peace times al11it~1kinf"; s l0ading part in the future d eve Lopment of nil:.tarr uer ona-rt.i c s .

The offici".ls ar e pointing out to oI'f i.c e r-. ill tl,e Ge:"liice t l.a't t!1ey are the pioneers in this mode of VJ8rf"re and as uuch shcu rd ;;o;,tLlU8 '00 ue prominently identified wi ih tr:e eube equent growth of this branch of t:',3 arm}. In no 0tiler "ray c an this he better a ccornpLished; in tl:3 o;:'in1on of the organ~,zl3rS of th~ Association, t.han thro'<,l')1 tll-3 med.itzn of e. c Lub,

Of~icers are be i n.; appo i rrt.ed in 'Jvely field in the United states and abroad to ti,;,ke char-ge of a member slri.p oampai gn and already '"he enr-oLhnen t cards are boing received at the IJeadquarters in Washington. It is planned to react th~ of f i.c er s inc:Ji v.i dua.l Ly in order to di.scus s with vh em l,he var-a ous points in ~onnectjon with Association. 061034

'r:e ~;. S'- liau!'e.t~11iEL IH!.:j.led from L:. ver-po oL l:1:t t: "P.M. on tdov8mb('r 215 fOl' 1':81" Ycrk , with cGhe:'o11o',dng tl'OOLJt;;

Ol'?ic8rs i.',:1J.i s'ssd Men

" ~n ,.330th /;81'0 f.jc,uadron 2 .i~'/:' :;£"7th II 11 ;; 1.1£: 5th GO,lf:.trt'c'don Co.: ,\1.1' Ser'l!'ic8 :J 2;:,~~ '-;' 309th ~ero Sqv~dron -.J 12C 167th Aero Squadron 2 169 It"7th" II' 3 15G ?25th" ." 2 BIt 226th" II 4 l'76 267th" If 3 H5 308th II " 5 142 Z05th II " 2 173 ;116th II " 3 128 310th II I" 2 166 ~21st Ir " 3 13'7 216th 11 " 3 ~.91 2681,}- " " 2 110 Ra,di 0 1)etachPlsnt 1 11~.,.,; 325th ~'.erO SC;\,1acJc:,on "." US; 319th " II 3 131 331ct " II 2 11.e 1.88th 11 n Ii. 1.30 11 It ') 156th ..' 156 31hh II n 2 1;~:3 II \I 333rd 3 1"'",:J I 228th 1I " 3 136 ::t39th " 11' 4 :~28 Casuals 76 1 Cc..13uCjls i ed ck awl r.oundad 8 107 G:..suals 1 4 Fedi 0'),1 Detachment 9 18 Total Iss 3834

0.,..de1'8 have be en iSS11,sd to 3J.1 Comr'1"'."lding ()fficers of fields to p Lac e cade~n '.°0.... 1 Q4.').l. j'r"'1'r 0ACTU' "'11;C"'1 on -r..l,r;nla.." .;,J., ,.J sf'c,.,t.u'S...... a.-s .,; Gnl~_.u s t.e d .. ~..~ U,unde . ''''r J:JUparc',S .....r a:t..:.) h _~'V ...u~; '1 u J' .1.\. .... ,::--::' .... ~'+;on°,.1,. ....~ P, ..., ~ t. Lnrur eo there. ~;O/(, 7.l1c:'ease, paymerrt of 1!b.sh lied be an :n.u:::}Jended pending c.ct a on 0:1 the bill bef or e CO:12;rof,s, C1l1t!lori ;~Llb ':,hem ~75 pOO u morrt.h,

TJ"esl.:; cadets "'ib. now Le c.ntitlu6. to rQCOiV8 t)4S .50 L~.3r .norrth dns t ead of tlw C~3.00 8.G First Glus3 Privates.

To td,e pa-t in ,'11 ;eric,l ba ti.Le in ':'hi(;h'J'I:,. Feno j:'o'l(;k~ the f,mous French ac e wan also .:~}al'~.icipc,.llt, is an honoz- to any .vvi.at.or , but to n..ve tLe good fortune to bl'i':l~~ d own a hun p Lane "'hid'. ths Yl',:mch z.ce lrim ..301f l?,'af; anxi ou s to dern oLish is c, wLill 1jre,ctol"1-::complisLn8nt. ri.ll~.S 'sood fOrCL'.lJfJ f:;11 to Lt. Park I'. .fo ne s , of tile 3jth Acro ;ycjt'.ad'.'on who L1S jU;3t r0tuY'l1GC' t'J ;1::.8 1'lOCSat 50 V st't '.r:'J.:Jhin,~tonl D. C. "lfter riear Ly a ::re.t'.rs s6:''Tice in I'r ano e ,

Lkfore tlle vrar , Lt . J'o ne s ':TiU: enZei.',.ed in a mor-e or less blrOsetic task of '~:..ub},if;l':in,;, Fe cl.r aa tl:e l,lr ;)3n:ic8, b3C2..USC as ;10 described iti "it looked J.L;e ~l soft ci.nc h" and "1;:,8 Ba\1'C '~o'.'-roUl'ld i:'cl:ool at C01'11811. university, ICo110l',L1i;; -tL'3 cOll)\.etion of his tl',ininr; at S8li":'id::;e Ti'ield. L:t, C}.emer-ls. kich.) and

(:erstl1er 'i:"ie:,.c1, L').Le (;;:.1:.'1(;8 I La" ~,t. JO;188 1'?:: sent to Fl'i.nce. lie aub se querrt Ly

1 ':':,;'3 ,:Ll)licinto0 lt sttuctor at the 'LC::Co8 clviei.tiol1 field ,t I s scudun , -3- 081034

liE! waG af;;aigr.:Jd to duty at thi3 fnmt.. fl(H,cr.ib.Ln~ hie OX9~1"iancQ with 1 Lt. fl 0nck he 'said: ltJUf't about dusk one ove ai ng d'lring the la~:.t€l:':' P,ll't of .J\.U18, four French aviators anr' myself f Lew OVGr tho Ll1e in fo 'ITJcitiO:l,J"t. Fonc k in command. We were 1'1yin/"; 8:t. a h8it~ht o. auo ut 3()OOmeve r s a sh or t d i stiance beyond our Li.ne , whe n W'J enCO'\;ltr~:cerl an ~;ll)al number oI';err'lctn iokxr r-s , rCleymt up e.

g.rne fi -,;ht - one of the p:.lots :i.n )nrticulE\.r. Lt. Fu nck maneuver-ed around him, I being a short. dj s t.anc e aleu d , SucdtJnly the i-lunoilnt :lpp1rently r01l1izing that he waG up agaa ns t 3.11 '~xtra skillf1l1 opponent, darted in my di.r-eo t i on , As he sped past me I was able to eo Lash hi.m 'Jith me.ch.i ne gun bu.I Ie't s and he fell to earth."

Lt. Jones spoke in glowing terms of the work U"u:ti was being accomplished at the training fields in Fr ano e when tha war ended. he said tLat tb~ errthusa a sm of the American boys ria:.' unbounde d ,

1st Lieut. Larry t..• Schlotzhauer of Terre Hau t e , Ind

~England to France via the air ann it :i.s ne ce s sar-y to get the f er-r v pilots, a.s they are called, buck hom e as Goon ad pos s.LbLe , '1'0 tLis end 'ill aer-i.al. ferry for tho returning pilots V'.'ClSe s t ab Li ehod , Fand l.ey-Pagee t wh i.ch are tlV:3 ":'erry boats", leave a little port in ]:'rallce C,tJl'10 l'.5J.rquisd t.r.r-e e tin:8,; a Clay; one in the mor-ning , one about noon 0.116 one ab ou't foal' P. TiL Thi s line has berm ope r abd ng s:.nce June and is s ard to 6,::.V8 tI;e r etur-ni.ng pilots a00\tt. 2<1-hours time. From tvrelve to fifteen men c an }'8 t.ake n over the ch anne.L at a time, and wh i.Le most of them are returning ferry ;,;.iJ.ots, SrIDe of t.hcm ar-e officers on spe oi eI trips wl.ose time ;.:.<.llotment is short. ~:'he Eni;lish end of th,; f er r-y is a'~ Lympue riear- Folki:1to,1tl.

La eu t , ScLlo-~z!1.auor ~'ecC'liv8d his first trainit"i:t in this coun t.r-y at the ground school at tho Unive r s.it.y of Ll.Li no i s , and 'c;;E'i'l i"tmt ove r seas where he completed his vrork 1:v:itl-l t:le 31'i tish. He wt.s f i ne.Liy a t t ached to the 206th

British Squadron, and tre 91st "~merican Vavi nc our-t , Mel'.so. The British t>quadrt>n was originally a'lane'. squ a-lr on c.~"~tacher1to the n~.;,vel 1."ly~_ngCorps, but in A,t-'ril, 1918, became a part of '~l;re Hoyal ;\ir Forcels.

In one of the flights }H~ !:3.d 'wi't.nes sed I L'i eirt , Sc}101tzhauel' Fwn.;io:1or' a

group of 103 1"hich h..~ sa"v'.' ove r the Li ne e , They wer-e ol".ly a part of a gigantic formation of Bri'bsh, Frs:v;h and Ameri can planes S~HIt out on ac courrt of the Conunand'ing Cf ricer of tl;e Third Corps then on t'1e west bank of the ;\]euse. On this oc c asa on there was a gr-oup of 355 pLan es sent out to bomb t~18 area opposite the Third. C01'pS, about 3000 yards in and. buck of tho territory from the Meuse between K8tZ and tne lines.

The group of pianos compr i s ed 253 bomber-s and ::"00 scout p Lane o , TnGY left t hea r r-espec t.Lve .fields early one af ter-no on and fl'3w over tbc: lines between three and f our P.L:. Planes from ei,,;ht or t eu f i eLds 't ook Vtrt in t:biu fli.q;ht, and dor i ng the af' t er-noon brow!,ht down f r orn J.2 to 14 enemy p Lane s , lO:'3inp; but one p Lane cut of tho total 3b3 from ar.ti-air';r8.ft fire.

The f o Ll ovri ng Latte r 1"48 wr i t ten :ion :;o.y, 1918, b:r L~c'":).t.i~L.ltcrV. Earnebey,

a young f Iy er- of~he A. r;. ~'., e;;1erJ;8ccy addr-e e s , ~!lr~3. ~_. L. C",-rav'forrlt n o th e r , Sumr::er, ',,~,u3i1j.nGton, DeiGre j oi n.ing CJ,8 Air ,:;",rv::.c8 h e w.s:'filjJloyod in tne Pancrna Canal Zone on uncierground cnnd.dt work. Xis sup8r~or officers in the Air Ser~)ce feared he would not make gOJd ~s ~ flyer, as ~e lea~ned slowly, but he ~ersevered and fim ...Li y won his 'V:.LYlZG. Then he h ad to be r':'l--rir,:amled for taking chanc e e , His first technical offense was looping t.he loop in a macha ne not desiE;necl fur t.he t "lurk. l':hen askeci. why de did it, he said t.he French told him it could not be r10ne and he warrt ed to show them tLat Americans could do it. Barnebey's work o'/or the :.:i.n'Jsin b! i;,rd.l1,~;; ')acl: i:1fo;:-m8.~Giol1 was r emar-xabLe and it was ',vLile s t.ar t.Lig (In 0)18 of thOS<3 triI)s on ~!;a~'22) 'chat he was killed. He had r ea ch ed an altitude of "1:000 feet 1":~'ley1 tte rr-achdne was seen to go into a tail spin. he succeeded in rizhtinr: it and was f Ly i ng Leve L, but cr-ashed into the side of D. hi Ll , l.e f a.i Led to ~r8gain coneo i cusr es s , An J\merican officer of the 3,~d B'reuch Corps , to which :,~.e;}.t. Ear-nebey Vias at ta cked , pinned t~10 Croix de '1uen'€) with palm on the dead f Ly or who had been pr evi ous Ly !'ecomm'Gcl'3(~. The Let t er- f o Li.ow e ; -4.. 081034

"fiwas raining :teaterduy so there wo,s no flyillg. and a s it ',ras Sund.ay I w~nt down to the village church foracha~1ge> It was a beautiful s.erv:l,ce and 11.11 in Fr-onch , of c ours e , so I un,lerJtocidn:.ry Li t t.Le . 'Ir.er-e Wdfi 3..'1 o rgan , and a .:;irl of the village played the v i oi i n , and 1,~.8re wc-s good s i nga ng , too, all of which sounded so good after Li s t.erri ng so long to nothing bu t the r oar- of motors and .cne booming of guns • 1'h8 old pri eet , before he began tire s ermcn , :read the French communique and his eye s ~)o\lved ,,1':'. he r e ad it, TLe YO'.m~; p r-i es t , ':!ho was here b ef'o r-e the v-ar , is now :.n the 't.r enche e and. t}1e vi.Ll.ager-s Si'4 he is some s cr-apper ; I undcr-s t and that many of the p r.i es't s of ?rance en.l isi.ed as pr-i vate;-iJ~d thoy al.L • have made splendid records for tilem;:3elves.

"Now I'll tell you a httle of aviation iit the f r cnt., Young fellows who tilink no morede(1)ly of this subj ect U'an of st8pp:.ng into co. ma cha ne before a crowd of admir::,ng ga r Ls "me cutting capers over a !'ly:.ng field. sh ouLd be dis- couraged. To make good at the f r orrt , 8. f Ly e;: mus t h ave no yellow Ln hi s makeup. His machine is a c cmpLi cat.ed thing of wo nd er-f u.l power, he must watch over it c ar-e f'u l Ly , and wh on in -L!;c air sit in it as though it v:ere a part of h.i msoLf , fly it insUr.c"tivelLy, thinkini.i only of the mission ]16 is sent to perform. On account oi' the c ons t.ant. pub.Ia c i.t.y of cha rs e work, mont peuple are under tr-e iJ:npressio,1 thA.t the little f,lst fightin;; p i.une e are :,he on l.y ones to bo c ons i de r ed by the

elite of the air I while from ::: purely l'tili t.ar-i an f,trc;,d1?,oin.'c,for the army i ti s of the least value.

lilt is the observation planes that do most of t~p, nar d wor-k and get the Le as t credit for i.t. 'l.'tej are the eyes of 'che mo Jor'n army and t.n ei r wo r k is by f a r t.he most Lmpor t ar-t., an« w:ith the single e xcep-c i on of t.h e lew f'Ly or-s who a t t ack and bomb troops f>ct a few Ulsters heighth 1';:1811 a gerier-e.L attack is going on, is the most dangerous of all avi~tion, TLe pilot of the observation plane has one or more lives othe r t1'o.D hl s own in ~is kC3jJi'lg and his p l ane is one that has cost a great deal of Labo r to p r oduce , H01ff8ve:', ch ao se is indispensab18 and re- quires QxceptionA.l darin~.

"Hany of t.h e nev'oig machines ar e more c ompLicate d and more difficult to fly t.han the smaller chasse p Lano s , for when the big observation p Lam i s loaded with an observer. extra mach i ne buns, amrnun.i t I on , and c amer as with plates, et.c , , it in many cases may Land at tw}.c,e tho landing ap eed of a cha s s e mac hi ne , To explain further. a pla~e musc giide to earth at a certa~n rela~ive speed as to load in weight per square una t of its sup por-ti ng sur-IDee. The g:ceater that weight thf~ fi~ster must be the speei,3.nc c ons eq ucrro Ly the Landii ng of the machine or bringing it to rest en the earth 'Ni~.l be more difficult. Also in maneuvering in the air a big fast muc~in8 ~eavily loa~ed, 108eb flying speed more easily than a small li tht machine a-id \"i t.hout warning, SQ a pi lot must E1.1waysbe more car-eftuI in hi a flying "end be sur-e he has :tJlenty of ai.r space between himself and the earth.

"Flying a photo rnachi.ne is the mod r1.ifficult and 'brainy' flying of all. I cannot exp Lai n in detail, of COi..ll'SG, but tta conditions are such that it demard s the most of cc p.ILot., whi Le it is of such importance tha~ tho enemy spar e s no expense or trouble to bring h.m down , hs rr.ach.ine i3 alwa.:'s the oo j activo of all enemy chasse machi.ne s who can r ea ch him, a.id Cl. .cargJt for the anti-air-draft bat t.er i cs , for he has .:~o fly a ...1trL,igllt c

enc.bLi.nz headquarters to kr.ow exactly of changes and movernent.s v ' 'There is that 7JAil known case vl.er e an aer-i.a L photo showed the Gennan second line and suppor-t trenches to be picked "lith men. T~16French artillery immediatel:' pounded them iTCO dust and m pp ed L1 the cud one of t.he big Bache a t t ac ks , All "the German drives since have been started und8~ cover of dar~ness or the fog. -0,- 081034

"Herr> I want to 8/:r;ldin about anti-aircraft sn eLl s , 'A.A.'s' or "Archaes ' as we call them. There ill'e several var i.e-ta cs of them, and each one worse than tbe other ~ They go of f wi th a sharp bang, or a sho r t, sharp, dry bark mi.gh t Detter descri be J~he sound. 1l big 'sh elI fi red on a target on the gr-ound goes thrOl.lgh the air with a'big healthy whine, a,nd goes off with a big bourn ht B. distance, and. af close quarters it is a Loud bang. An A. A. ahe.i.L e xpLodi.ng close b:r sounds more like two big dish pane vcom ing together. At a distance an lAo A.' shell Bounds like a gas shell exploding on the ground, a sort of a dull thud • • "The sound is, of course, by far the least da s c oncer't.i ng feature, When the blooming things get too close they rock the ship ar-ound as '(.,hough an Oklahoma cyclone had hit it. The Huns usually fire their Archie shells in bunches of to ur ; eight is the greatest number I have ever seen at oncc, but these bursts come so fast that, to a pilot j usc making hi s first few trips over the lines, it seems as though the entti.re output of Krupp s is concent.nat ed in his immediate vicinity. But he soon gets a.ccustomed to them and does not mind them much. ','!hen the shells burst they make a dense whits or black smoke, the color depending on whether they are shrapnel or high explosive, which hangs t.cgeth er in a small denae cloud for several minutes, thus enabil.Lng the gunner to get a better line on the plane. When the gunners have timed their shells at too gr eat an altitude and the aim is fairly accurate so that some of the shells come Whizzing past very near, the plane gets b. jar that sends the pd Lot up in his harne s.., then b...ng , back into his seat again.

Sometimes they shoot up a bunch of "Oni ons , II burning balls of chemicals strung together on a wire. The balls can be dodged, if the pilot is quick, but if he

ever runs into one of l~he wires, which ceml":; be seen, there yd.ll be slow sad music the next day and he will not hear j.t.

"Regulation of artillery fire .by ai rp Lane is another important wor-k of t.he obs(3rvation squadron. In this the observer regulates artillery fire on a point concealed from observation ba.LLoona and si6~'1al sta.tions, and naturally, the enemy tries to keep an important group of guns, etc., where only an airplane can soe it. Some pilots do) not like thiS kind of work, as it is long and tiresome circling around between battery and target. Yet there are some pilots who like it the best • . The observer is a highly trained specialist who watches the fall of the shells on the target and sends wireless messages back, ord.ering the necessary corrections. By cooperating properly wi th the observer, the pilot can he Lp make the vrork comparatively easy and swift. He flies back of his own front lines as much as he can, for just as soon as he comes in r e ach of them tLe enerrd es Archies open up on him. So every circuit he makes is irre;~l~r and at varying altitudes, to keep the gunners ~uesBing.

iiI know a little pilot who r e.al.Ly enj oys :i.Jla,ying '7ith the Archi.e s , He flies out to where he kn ows they will shoot, and 8.S they ~JUrst {lear by he thumbs his n oee .at them, then side slips his nachi ne down towards the guns , outmaneuv er i ng the gunners' ca.IcuIe.t.a ons , Then he spirals z.round, dips and climbs, a Iwuys thinking just a fre.etion of a second ahead of them.

"In this regulati on the observer cannot hear the burst of the shells he is directing even though they deafen everyone near vhere they land, for the roar of the motor and th8 air. rushing by his ears (or rather his ear s rushing through th!3 air) make it impossible. Fq:>mhis lofty perch he sees a sudden upheaval of earth and smoke th8."c from a distance cam ea"ily be mistaken for a clump of trees. So it is very nece s se ry for. the observer to see woLl and see correctly, for a man who imagines he sees something is a dan gar ous observer.

"Artillery re[~ul3.tion is carried on at a. comparat i ve Ly 10' i.lltit'.lde (2001J.t 1200 meters) +,he heighth depend.ing , of course, on the size of i.he guns, .md tho di s t anc e t~1e tarGet is back from tr.9 Li.nes , so that the h or-i zont.a.I va si.ba Licy must be gocd , In reconnaisaance work an observation plane 6085 J.XC,O enemy territory, acmetame S 8. long elist anc e bac k, <.ene':.,ccthers inf orr»i.eel,,;.-. :i e nemy posi 't i ons ':L'1.d movements. In this work, e:L8",'011 as in all other cbservution work, the pilot and observer must be it perfect teUIn so that four eyes can see c.l.G t~rJ, and two bm.i.ne CD.nact as one. And they must know just how to fight together, for their machine is the speeial obj Get of all chase of the neighborhood an d they are nearly a.Lways attacked by morie t.han one machi.ne , so each must know just what to do to rreet every rai)id maneuver of the many planes that sometimes <.,tteu;k him. -6- OS.1034

lll\Tow we come to th"J Lr.s t phn so of aera a.I o~)se;~v2ction. "Infantry Liaison". contraet,etYJeen the8.dvdlcinGii1f2..ntry i:~l1d.the sUjh)Orti.ng artillery and headquar-t er s , Thi s kind of work does not happen very often, fortuna.tely for us, as the mortaliFY is very high, indeed. It happens only when an assault is being under-taken, and it calls for the most experienced ob aer-ver-s and the most ski.lleel pilots. It is of;t;en necessary to fly very low, so low that the enemy chasse planes make no attempt to ~other the enemy dspending on their machine guns on the ground to bring 'chem down. These planes Ql:'G the means of communication between the advancing infantry, which is sometimes so LsoLat.ed e.S to have n o: other method of sending buck word to the artillery in the reur and headquarters. They also keep headquarters informed of any n6W and unexp ec t ed developments.

"This c lass of flying in clear weather is '!ery interesting indeed, as one can see the whole battle being wL,ged below. In fOt;gy weather or rain it is just pLsd.n hell. It is then the most nerve straining of all flying. Aerial observation is very complicated and in a group can be found many specialists so that the commandinb officer must be ~ flying encyclopedia. He must be a man of open mind with an intimate knowledg.~pf 1'1..11p.rases of the work, but first of all he must be a pilot and he must be/a.n~ 'JJillin3 to g;o out and fly any mission that comes under that class of work. One of t~e best commanders on the western front says: 'I 'never send a pilot on a mission I .en not willing to undertake myself'. Naburra.lLy he never has to ask for volunteers for a per-i Lous mission, for every man in his outfit is a.Iways Q volunteer.

"Just before Gener-e.L Foch took over the command of the western f r orrt , through lack of unity of ac td ori , a big g,ip 11[[:),.8 made in the Allied line, and a German army was marching t'ow[crd that unoccupied territory, The British Air Service saw it and sent every pLune crli;~ilable over with hand grenades, explosive bombs, and machine guns. They flew a.lmost wing tip toucning wing tip as wide as that gap, a nd row after row, as fast as each row of p Lanes would reach the enemy, t,hey would pour their ummum td on into the advano i ng masses, make a wide circle and return to their bases, load up wi"c.h gas and oil and ommundtdon and return to the assault. They lost many planes. but 1i7hat of it, they held that gap until it was closed and shattered a German army.

"American o15servers have made good at the front, They Cere a cool, nerNY, wide awake bunch of yOUl:g chap s , I hope that all the pilots being trained in the states are as good as the young pilots 'Ne have over here, they can ' t be better. One outfit of chasse I know so well brought down S:!.X 30C]18 m.achines their fir.3t week at the front."

Six American officers of the Air Service returned from over seas, have reported at the Division of l!:ili tary Aeronautics and have been as signed to Flying Fields where they will as sist in inutruction work.

They were First Lieutenants Ennis C. VThithead, WestpJ;1ali a , Kan , , Fro.Ilk S. Whiting, C1'/:.cago, 111., John R. Ramsey. 1426 1iain st •• Racine, Wis., Joseph H. Conover, Freehold, N. J., and Fraser Eal.e.and Se.c'ond L:9utenants Arthur R. Knight, Newburypprt, Mass., and Muir S. Fai~child. Seattle, Wash. The latter who was with the French for a long time ha- the croix de Guerra.

Lieutenant Frank S. '([hiting 6029 KimbE.rk Ave., Chicago, Illinois, wns Captain No 3 Company. Il'1:fc:mtry at the first training camp at Fort Sheridan in 1917. He took a reduction to private to 0rilist as a cadet :Ln 'the Aviation Corps and went to England to train. As an ft~.eric~n pilot, attached to the Royal Air ~orce, he was on the ~estern Front flying in a day bombing squadron 'from May 1, o July 8, 1918, when he was wounded, and follo1!ling his recovery was transferred to the American Expe~itiona~J Forces as an instructor at the 7th American Instruction Camp, Clermont Ferrand, France. Lieut. Whiting's Squadron made forty six flights over the German lines and was engaged with enemy planes in all but three of those raids. Besides action over Ostend and Zeeberge, he was in the Bat t Le of the Marne and at Perrone. He was wounded three times and r-ecei ved all t.nr-e e wounds in one action. This was over Cambrai On July 8th as his Squadron w~s returning from bombing objectives twenty-Six miles behind the city. 031034

:18 .md fiVe; ')",;L~, de Javi:.;,l1C oc;y b omb s r s fromUv3[;;:ci's:.sh Squhdror. wer-e c~1~c~,;.(.::c;(': C.1.t '~L8 tiifJt} by t'ent:r-ui:~Lt. :IUl1 pur sui. t l)LLi1eSwho sno t down t'tTO of tbe Engli shm en , F'ou;r ufcne hun s w ent down in t he fight th ...t f ol Lowcd ,~nd in the thick of it eight other planes ver-e seen coming up , 8S ~uheEnglish 'chouglrt , to their:<'sGistanc8r 'I'h e Lew c omerc, however, ~roved to be Germ::mr-ea nr or-ce- ment s ~(nd the four !i~n6lish b ornber-s continued a running figln. ~10W ctgainst thirty-four Hun planes, most of which were ;:Jingle se at.er s , four .8nglish planes. Lieut. 'Whiting s,:.id none of them would ever have ,iot 1101i"J8 if six Bristol 2 seaters from the English ccmp had not come to their r eaoue . The Bristols, de so'i t e the unequal number against t.hem , immediQtely ;:..ttEtcked and t.ne Huris, turning for the moment to stand off the f ur'Loue onsl~ui~ht of t.he new comers, let up in their fire on the bomber c . The bombers 1,h'<18broke throv.gh and lJl,lt on £.ill speed for home.

"It was then I lapsed into unconsciousness" sDic~ Ld eut • Whiting. "I don't 'hink I was out very many minutes for vrhen I came to the old boat Vias speeding along on an even keel. I found I had be en shot t.hr ougn one leg by a Hun machine gun, and hit twice in the heu.d, one boin; under the eye,. by a shell burst from the machine below'. I turned to look at my observer but couldn't See him. I tried to C11.llto t eLephone PJ.imcut could gel; no answer. I[/hen we f'Lnc.l l.y Landed on the field at our hangar, he was pd ck ed out of i1is ser:..t with the back of his he ad blown off. He was an n;nglis.hzllan and a f Lne f011ow, who had volunteered as an observer that day, my regular obaerver- being On leave.

"':!hen the six Bristol figtters fini.llly came down they reported that the Hun planes ag;:.,inst them number-ed fifty before the Germans quit and da.aappee.r ed in the direction of t.he Ehine.1I

Lieut. ",'hiiil1g said that the Oer.mal1anti-aircraft gun battery at \'Jestende, Belfium' wni ch proi:.ectedOstend and Zeebergo, was par-td cu.LarLy strong and accurate in its fire, navi.ng by dj.rect.hit brought down r.;r~glish pLnes as high as 18,000 feet.

In another raid back .of Cr;>.mbr.aiLieut. Whitihg au.id that as they were speeding on their course without an enemy plane in si~ht, hesuddGnly noticed lead breaking tho instrument board in froilt of him. He glanced over head and behind but nothinr; was in ai grrt , The bullets, however, kept on singd ng around hnn and just then his observer ca Ll.ed trrough the tube; ..

"Hey; Whitey, I just ;oi o.ne through my br-eeohe s hili through my blouse, two in orio, ~Jut it never to'-.Ached::,18 ~ l-jp' s right under us."

Whiting said he Lookcd over t.t3 corcbi.ng of the cock pit and sur-e enough there was tho Hun 100 feot C'irectly unde.r rim, sx,ooting lito [lad. Before he did any real damage, however' machine gun fire from another 1)1~d'1ein 1fJhiting' s Squadron drove him off.

Lieut. Joseph H. Co,lover, an Arr.erican obse rv er- V>lDS f ormer Ly an Engine.er of ricer. He served with tile i5ri'dsh in tho lOot 1"]Squadr-cn, R.A.::"., and tells an interesting story regardi:1g an exploit of an flnoX'ican Pilot who was serving in a British D.H.9 squ~dron.

1st Laeu t , Bonnalli, "lith a British Officer aa his observer, was flying in formation in the Flanders Section, when the burst of an anti-airc'rcit sr.e Ll, carried away hiS tail and lJart of the fuselage. It looked to t he pilot and the observer as if they were dono for, as, admittedly, it is difficult to fly with thl8 tail planes and rudder gone, but Li.eut , :f:Jonnalli' s at-t errt.i on 1:,,"S suddenly called to another plane of the formation a little below him, appa:.~ently in great distress. A Hun machine was just di vdng upon it firing st ead i Ly , Dis- regarding his own pr-edi cemerrt, B'onnalli immediately dived in turn upon the Hun and suc ceedcd in shooting him down. For this ao t i.on , executed without reference to his own plight, he received the Distinguished Service Grder. CS1034

The imm3C'i2.te c.. ct ion ove r , Bom:3.11i and hh" obaer-ve i- gc;.ve their at t ent Lon -,.:, "':,e.i:::- com .,13,;8 Vllicll "IC.S fo.r frem 3t,~bl() G.na ec ar ce Ly Yl1unagEkLble.Br i ef conference f oLl.oved with tho result t.ha't the obscr-ve r cLrmb ed out on the fuselage and worked his wc.~yback toward where tJ18 tail ehou Ld have been. This nelped 1.0 bring tI,e p Lane tack Lrrto a norrna.l flying position, and on this pr-ec ar-aous perch he c!.id1ed tto pilot in managa ng tho machd ne by sLifting his ','.'eight backward and f'o rwar d , And thus tJ:0Y wer-e able to fly to a f i eLd and Land safely with a t at Lle ss plano. A day or two later t.his ve r aa ta Le observer was up 1i1i tb his own pilot, another British Officer, who \"FS ki Ll.ed over the lines. Again the si~tue.tio!l looked hopeless for tte obscr var , but h e gr abbod the controls and, a.Ithough not supposod to be able to fly a plane, brought it aaf eLy ba ck to his airdrome.

Col. Gerald C. Br.ent recently passed tte J.M.A. tests at Bolling Field: and has received his r at i ngj , on office detud L in r'ashington. lat Lieut. L.G. H&l1[;en is the first officer in the D.M.A. to win his"wings" having completed the course of instruction at Bolling fiold., Ho has been ratod as a J .M.A.

The s t a ff of the Ao r onaut Lca L i1Jlc

During the last ,reeks of the AJ.lied Of f cna i ve , pr i or- to tLe cessation of hostilities, squadr cne of de Hava Lanr' 9's ?rorr, l:loth Briti~).r. ann j',merican Air Forces, were bombing milit~',.ry objectives in the Gennan 't owris back of the Hun lines every day and nif;ht. Dosp:.te the opposition put Uj,J :Jj t.ho GenllcU1 air squadrons and arrt l-ca.i r-cr-af t batteries, thiD was par-t i cu.Lar-Ly t r ue in the neighborhood of S<.tDrbrucken, Keiserslautorn, Treves, Mannheim. Her-e the British arid J'unerican planes often had to fi~ht their way 100 miles to their obJective through squadron after squadron of .fi~hting Hun machines, and then, after . : .. ": dropping their bombs, have Lad to fight their way back the "Thole 100 miles to thoir own linGS.

Recent reports r cc oi ved at the hoadquur-t er e ofJ tl.e Division of Military Aeronautics, Washington, D.C., tell of twelve de Haviland 9'8 attached to the Independent force of the British R.A.F'. sent over the lines in two fonnations at 11,000 feet to bomb tto factory at Mannhedm at a distance of well over 100 miles from the aerodrome. This nee e as i tated a. trip, out and back and allowing for diversence to follow routes and }ick up bearings, of from 250 to 260 miles. About five miles beyond the line eight enemy scouts det ermdned Ly attacked the fO:TD;,tiol1. The leader, h owevcr , proceeded to Mannhedrn, being all the time at t ack ed by enemy aircraft which c cirt i.nued to be reinforced. Over the objective, fifteon more enemy machines came and at t.ac ked the f ormatd cn 1!'lith detennination while the bombs were being dr-oppe d , Notwi t.hs t anddng the presence of the enemy machines, sixteen boml:Jswere dropped vach gocd effect; a large numhqr of these bombs' wer-e au!' he avywedght s , Seven direct hits on the factory were o"ut&ined ?Juri four fires were caused. In addi t Lon, anothe r- f ac t or-y a short distance Iilway Was also hit and set on fire. 'l'he report confirming sa.id: v OSl034

"Just after leaving the target to return home, the enemy machines came right into our formation and one of them succeeded in hitting the radiator of one of our machines. Thi~ caused the engine to fseize up', and the pilot proceeded to SIJifal doi!Tnwards.'The whole formation followed him from 12.000 to 6000 feet down to prevent him from being further attacked by the enemy machines and a det errm ned fight .f oLl owed cbe tweon the dellavi Land 9' s and the enemy scouts, As a r eeult.» fthi s fight, which lasted about 20 minutes, (and 100 mi Le s over Gennan ''territory)a number of onemy machines were Ghat. down .ancwer-e seen to crash. When the fight was over only five of our machines ~er0 loft in the air, " and by extraordinary had luck, all the experienced pilots went down. Tho ,tJilots of the remaining five machines were all new and to many of them this was their ~ first raid. One pilot, who had only four raids to his credit at this time. reali aed the situation and got his observer to tie a white handkerchief to the Le~~s guni indicating that no was their loader, and having collected the formation brought thom safely back to the aerodrome. Had it not been for this pilot's presence of mind) some of these five machines would never have got back. For this act he was awarded the Distinguished Flying Cross.

llA few days later, while a formation of deHaviland g's was attacking the railway station at Met z, the pilot saw a machine (which had apparently dropped out of another squadront s formation unnoticed) 6000 feet below being heavily attacked by a number of enemy airCraft and firing red lights for assistance. One pilot immediately dived into these scouts and took this straggling machine up in his formation and escorted it safely back to the lines.

"The next day, while carrying out bombing raid oper'atdone in conjunction with the First J~erican in the st. Mihiol Salient, ono of the squadron's formation got sllightly separated from the other machines over Metz. 'Fifteen enemy scouts immediately attacked the formation and in the first burst wounded three of the observers so that they were unable to fire thoir guns, and put a bullet in the radiator of one of the machines which was leading the raid. and also through the engine of another. These two machines wer-e then on their own and were attacked 'by 7 enemy scouts each.

"Although the engi ne s were' sedaing up', the pilots kept them going and prevented the enemy scouts from getting a steady aim on their machines by banking) stalling, liS" turning and spinning, and in this way fought their way to the Li.nes- a distance of 12 miles. Ono Hun was very close on the tail of one of our machines, and when he stalled and zoomed up underneath to fire from his forward gun, our observer shot him down and he was seen to cressh on the ground."

Plans are now being dr~vn by the Air Force which will put this comRlicated machinery of war on a peace basis and set its energies to practical work for various branches of the Government. Informal conferences have already been held with representatives of the Coast and Geodetic Survey, Forestry Bureau, Weather Bureau, Post Office Department, and othors, with a view to estimating the extent of air oRerations in each.

These plans will utilize the planes, available trained pilots and every mechanic of the Air Service of the Army in the United States. It is believed that a large percentage, if not all of the present strength of the Air Force now on the lines in France, will be used in the patroling incidental to necessary work in the occupied zone and that this will preclude using any of this force in the plans now making on this side of the Atlantic,

In drawing up these plans, officers engaged in the work are taking into consideration the fact that the Government, through the Army, Navy, and Marine Corps, practically controls the manufacture of planes, the training of pilots, and the building and equipping of flying fields and airdromes; also that the credit for what progress has been made in Aviation in the United States rests with the air fore es as now constituted and that it would be doub'tfu.Leconomy to endanger any of the progress thus made by demobilizing this force and scrapping its equipment. -10- 031034

It i$ also known 'cho.t the Eu'nlpE:lW'2 pcwer-s who have made even mor e wond e r-f'u.l strides in ~viatidn.tha~ th~ United states, intend to main~ain their air forces if cn Iy for eX})Jrimental and c0velo'pmont i~'lrposes •. in 0':"'0(;:" to get tLe l,r:JLtest p os sa b Lo efficiency out O! o.:irplan'Js for thc:benefi t of tb:: g:me:::--al PU1)li6. Hith treso powers forging aho ,«: in tho dov c.Lojmorrt of ~hi:,' ac i cnce ab r oad , Army and Navy ofl'iccrs are confident tha'L the United 8tates will not want to 1'.'0 found lE.i.g~~ing •

So far the present .iJ!.ans for putting the Air Eo:rcG to pr-ac t.t oa.l every day ~ w ork on a peace basis end at the s::'metime maka ng it possible f or the united Gt:itcs to vlin and rna.l rrt ai.n t he c..ir supremacy I ','rill Lnc Lude a number- of acti vities. \ '"['y,e a cr i a.l c oc.st. de i enue st a'c.i oue whi(;h ','ror0 t cmpcr-ari Iy e sta'o Lf shed h cr-e in this country during .Tuly , and "'hich rua t er-i a.Ll.y hampered the \.~erm8n sutmar i ne operations off our coast, will undo ub t.edLy be extended and tnu utations r-api.d Ly c onv or-t ed into permanent post s ,

Plans for tho def ona» of' Panama and th(3 United statos Ln au l ar p os se s s.i ons have a I so been developod and tho carrying out of tbOfJ8 pLans 'lill call far the. use 01 8. c ous'ide r ab Lc n umber- of 1)13.n','3, ba l.Lo ons , and pi Lote for each.

0116 nrrto r es t i.ng dcvo Lopmen't , whi ch nay to me nt.Loricd s:?ecifically at this time, comes f r orn C\ :;equoat f r cm ;.l"if;k'l for ai, (' s qu adr-o ns for an emer-gency survey of the dangerous At a sk an c oas t J.:inA and C81'-:Ei:L:'l adj o:i zu ng sec t.i ons of the cCJ,mtry, .

j.rticies of .inc or-ocr-at.a on 0; the j,ir Service (:luiJs' As ao ci.at.r on were filed on !'!ova'TIber 27. 1918 in t"18 ':;';'sT,J'ic,t of Columbia, T:jE; incorporators. Were Maj or General1fl.L.c:enly, eel.. 'Jera:td C.'Brant, Col, ILF Dav.i.a , co.L :1eo.rgEJ H. Crabtree. col. A.. L~ Fuller, I.,ieut. Col. Benjamin F. Castle, ~.:<:.;.jGr John H. Pa~kard and Li ou t e narrt TOri! Poe •

.. 4r/~ Vir /lli D:sPcAR'ITV;_~N'r .h~r Se~'vice -' Di vision of IHlita:cj' aeronaut.a c s VJccshi ng-~:011, D. 0.

From tlie prosaic life of a t eachar of chemistry in the High School at I~Jilmington, Delaware, to "che e xc i tin:; c ar eer' of an avi at or- in a pur sui t squadron, :i.s a big jump for anyone to make L1 a few iJonths. That is what happened to Lt. Harold W• Fu:llmer, who has returned to the Uni ted states after havi ng seen ser-vi c 8 Ln the region be tv-e en the Meuse "nd the .!iTgonne, So much so did he like the life of an a-viator, Lt. Follmtn' declared, that he was done with teaching for life.

"I was an i:1structor in flying, 'rhich of course is rt ore exei ting to S2Y the least, tlian teaChing ')udc1Llg youths c hem'i,st ry , but I em st~"fei ted even wi th that. I shall r emai a rONeVer, in :vi8tion BS I am tem~Jerarnt)ntally keyed up to the flying game , Tog;,vo up flyin,;; ~,7ou:id seem like spend'i.ng a ~)unday night in a 0118- n cr s e t.own - simply unthinkable."

Lt , Fc Tlm er , wh o is the SO,'1 of :~l". & Mrs. Harold N. I<'ollrner. is 25 years old and is a resident of Selvil1s Grov£;l, Pa , Iie errt er ed tte iiir Service simply bec aus s , as he expressed it, he i',,),t he could do the e;re:o.test individual good.

"I felt if I c ou.Ld fly it was my p l ac.a to enter the Air Service. ,_nother c: r eason that iml::elled me "'<;_S the f ac t that I did not warrt to come Lome vTith a lug off and' an evs out.I knew as a flier, tt!is could never ha.:lpen."

Lt. }<'0111;;o1" was sent to the Gr'ound School at Austin, Texas for U,e .l:):relimiml~'Y trc-~ininb' .t.d '.vas transferred to Ls ac ud un Fr c.nce , for flyin~; instruct- ons..; . He was one of tn8 f. irst t..,'S.!1....~Y rr.en. to USB N.i. eupor-t s , Tbe French, he s,,,id: re f used, to fly 'them and termed the "merican boys the "Suicide Club". L't , }~ollmer . p.::alified as 8.,1 instrUctor znd WdS kert at Lss cudun , L,lt ...r , he said, he 1"ecS sent Ito the frout wi ih the 93rd. Sqm1.C1rOn,which 'NES e_ssi nedto the r6g~_on between the 6 r,'9use ani Ar-gcn.ie , Dt'.ring t.he time that he WaS at thp; front id; • Fol1mer said thoy "'ere ouz nunber-ed canst errt Iy by tlle:1errw,m:;. 'but the Ameri.c,ms maintained mastery of the situation through supec-io::- kn ov-Ledge of the til".

Lt. J'ollmer is a graduate of Susquehanna University of the class 0 f 1915.

Major General ~~c'Ti.L. Kr.nly, nir8ctor of the Division (H Lilitary Aer o- naut Lcs , with Ttctjor l~Tm. C. Ocker , Air Service, Aer onaut.Lc s , as pilot, made the dr trip from WashinGton to ]'0'1' York:ity, on '~ov'3mber ;;9th, in one Lour and firty- Ii ve minutes flying time. 'They .Left T~ollin::; Field at 10; 20 F•• M. in a de Ectvil::md Plane and arrived at Car-der. ::::;_-cy,11• Y. at 12:1;:; ?M.

Maj or General "il. L. I:r3i1J.yhas received t.nforme.t i on from tarton, Ohio. that the Lo eru ng t1l"O-Se,-Lter moriop Lan e, in r ec arrt tEJstfJ there deve'Lo.ied 1.15 mile, per hour wi ih full mi li telr) load, including fO'J.l' c:uns , vrLich is in excess 0 f any record mad.&YjlEurope",n se-tter combrt mechi ne , Tile Loern ng p Lr.ne in these t e at s al eo c.A:i.mbed25,OuO fee-'c in r-ernar kab Le time and cDxr:-in:3 tv-o ~)<:csGenlers, thereby rstablishing an ,:)tileC' new rec or d .

Air Service officers here have wat ch ed U:e pr og re e s of this new p Lane in -ts tests wi-~h great Lnt er-e st , Thi s rronop l ane is j,:r.eriChl1 de signed and Am er i.c an .Juilt •. Its c onssr-uc td cn emboda e e se-ve.re.l new and original ideo.d. f-mallar, of covr-se , -'cLan tLe de Lavi.Lr.nd 4, wh.icn is L1 b omber- an d r-e.ccnnaa s sance machine , it 1'-si'5hs only about 2400 pounds Loarled for the d.ir, which is pr-ac t.i ca.Ll.y the 1-!t.li:~Lt of a :"inf~le seater s cout , It is dr-i V'3D by c:,n ci .~;ht cylinder, 300 horse-power l-,isj)c:no.. 2,uizJ. enzi ne 1:.J1dtho v-hoLo p ower »Lant is a um, t co net.ruc t.i on end may be e us.i Ly ,ro!l:",~~~edfrom the body of the plane, Several ori,~inil1 ide,is (,1"8 also car-r-Led out in -¥;(e')Str'lltting, and t.l:e <:Tl'nger,lent of the scats is such tl1?t the pilot has 50/~ ;lore vision than in any ot.her- combat macrLne pr-oduc ert before or 0uring the war. -2~ 081053

The Loenin~ mono~lano Q~rri06 sufficient ~uel fo~ three and one-half hours.

Grover Cleveland Loen i n g , -i;,rJedesigner> and bUiId~r, La ;lp American. he has been an Aeronautical engint-er i11 this country for the Las-t eight year s ; iF the au thor of toxt books us cd in s t.uty by Am erd can flying cadets, and has been given tlu dcgr-cc,s of Bache Lor of f,ci"nce by CoLumbi a Uni.ver sa ty ; M2'.ster of f.rts and Civill<~ngin:aer by ~TewYor-k Un.i ve r sdt.y , }lis D.ddress is Lo ern ng lteronautica.l Corporation, 45 1'!snt 11th Jt.~ Long Ls Lt.nd City, New York.

The Chiof of Staff authorizes announcern e.rt of the sailing of the 8. S. 'T':'RE8S OF BF.rfAIN f rorn Liver,lool 1:30 P. M.,Decem'ber 1st for New York with i\>llowin,; tl'OO)S:

307th Aero Squadron, 3 officers and 134 enlisted men. 36lst Ae r o Squadr-o n , 3 officers and 130 enlisted men, 140th A&'T'o ;)(iundron, 7 officers and 205 enli",ted men, 337th 1-'.8r'0 ~)quCJ.dron, 2 offic'31's and 128 enlisted men, 256th ~Gro Squ~~ron, 2 officors and 133 ~3rllist ad men, • 83trth Aero bCjUi:lCrOl1.3 o r ii c er-s and 120 3111isted men, 10-th Cons t i-uctd on Comp any Air 3enrj,ce, 4 officers dnd 235 enlisted men, 13th Construction, rLir S::;r'licG, 7 officers c,nd 238 enlisted men, lOC Lat oa cual, c cmpuny , 2 offi.cers, 1;~6 fmlist;:Jd men f r cm all sections UniteC: statos, ).'/th Ca115truction Company; Air Service, S officers & 226 enlisted men, 14th Construction Comuany , Air ~)ervice, 7 officers and 226 " " C';~su,---.lssa ck and wounded, 11 officers and 241 en Last ed men, not r equt rf.ng epo c.i ul, ctT,anti-on, 154 GnU sted men bedridden, f emaLe nurses, casual, medical detachment, 6 officers .md 23 e nl i.sbed men ; Casuc.i s , 13 offic8rs, total 76 officers, 10 nur se s , 231-}9enlisted men.

I J\.DR:LTIC sD.iIed from Li ver~)ool at 7 iJ. m., Doceuber Lo t for York "'i th the fa Ll owi ng troops:

8~8th :I\:ero Sqt\.2(~rOr" 3 officers and ,1,34 en Li s't ed men, 338+,h ;tA1'O Sql.E;droll, 4: o f f i cer-s and 144 enlisted men, 336th Aero Squadron, 3 off5~CE.:-s and 129 enlisted men, 334th Aero ~)quadl'on, 2 officers and 138 enlisted men, 472d Aoro Squadron, 4 officers and 144 enlisted men, 377th Aero Squadron, 4 officers and 179 enlisted men, 637th Aer-c Squadron, 3 officers and 108 enlisted men, 4th Construction Comparry , ."I.ir Service, ~ officers and 244 enlisted men, 6th COl1struc.-cion C;aID}JQ.ny,Air bervice, 50 officers & 261 en ...isted ID911, 7th Construi::tion 00., id.l" 3ervj.cB, 5 officers and 230 e nLi at ed man, 8th 8011structi on Co; , Air Service, 3 of fie er s and :~36 enlisted men, 9th Construction Co , , 1,ir ~3(jnri.ce, 5 officers and 243 enlist'3d men, Casual ~Aedical d et.aohmerrt , Ll- officers and 17 en Li s't ed me.:

TOTJiL, - 80 ofn eel'S and 2208 en Li c t.ed men. GafiU;::i.ls30 officers inC. 1 e;1lif3-ced mall.

Lt. W. A. Mc Ce.rthy, 3~Jringheld, ~r,ass., and Lt , N. W. Oyster, Wcshington, li.e .• t'~Ta observers i~'l the Air 3er-;I:c6., r ec errt Ly returned, T-rent o ver ceae a year ago 1El first of last Cctoner; were trainee in tLe Fr-ench Aviation Corps and sent to Fr e nch flying fields to 'inr;trv.ct l\1IJericcl;l aa r ser v.cce cadet s , On tte first of /.ct ob er , last they went on the line C:.8 observers in the li'irst J::,i"yBombing G-rQu~). T1Jy we r a on the line one month and ell af .'~l:is. tiDe :'..n the Argonne Sector, whe r e 'c1,dr squadr-o ns were iO,ttt1cLwl to tI,8 ~.'irst ;.rmy. P.oth observers testifi'3d to the e f.tic'i ency of tre GS1'rr;,"ltlS s.s a.i r pLane bur Icer s , 'it,s ,'8rman sin::;1.e S8:o,t81'S, uaue.I Ly sent i~fJ.ir]Jt the Amer-Lcnn l!ombine s quad r-ons , they s:uc, wer-e tt3 :~iEm8ns-Schuck8rt, tIle 'i'okleer tripl,;me ;';'le' t;;r.) ii'okker biplane, c:l1 f a st , and whi Le the Jerman pd Lot s -3- 031053

never attacked unless t.h cy o~t.numbered the l\llied bomber-s a t Lsaat three ,I) ».re , their tactics were most skillful a nd indicated c a re f u L Lrc.ining. Tr;ese two American airmen dAclRrec1, that the losses of the hrne~'icccn bomber-s 'were heavy in Lh e first part of the of f en ai ve , when the i'.merican de Hav i.Land s went over th..e lines in formations of tnrees ,:.n0. fours an c "i:,lic"t t,le Lncr e aae in "!,nwl~ica.n ca.6ualties c eu s ed an order to b e Ls sued t;ldt no f'ormiJ.ccion ~'id8 to '08 sent over the line thereafter of less than six. To the best recollection of ea the r Lt. lJlc08r'0hy or Lt. Oyster, the largest rJ.ight .sent over ti'l8 lines by t1:,;is group at one tij:ne W('lS tl,irty-seven day bomber-s in four d.i f f er en t f orraa'td ons , )!'oteeted by from not more than fifteen Spad pursuit }lanes, or L.. total force of c:..p.'rox.imaiiely fif'c,y p Lane s ,

!tOn account of tile cono errt r atd on of the '-"rcLie' fire," sElid' Lt. Mc Car thy , "the AIPerican dey bombing scuadr-o ns Lad to cross the ;}erman line e.t from 12,000 to l4,OOa~ feet. 7requently in squadr-ons of from ten to twelve pLane s , five or six p Lan es wou Ld be unable to make this altitude and wo u Ld have to drop out of the fon;;r:,tion.;Jut so eager wer-e t.he i r pilots and observers to reach their objectives tna'\:' many times, in spite of their r ai Lur-e to kee,J up with thair formation, they wo u.l d go on bomba ng expeditions by 'themae Lve s , crossing the HUll lines alone ,pi thout e.ny p ro t.ecta cn Whatsoever and o f f'er-a ng battle to as many attacking Hun pLariea as wa-rt ed to fiCht. Some of t,t,ese lone .8rnericans r-e a che d their objectives, dropJed their bombs an d got back safely, Many of them, however, were lost.

"As the offensive co rrt i nue d I tl18 )er'P()l'D1ctn~e of the day bombing p l ane s greY' better and be.t t.er . The p Lane s S38E'.,,,d to im:J!~ove L1 qua.Li ty , :aetter protection to the zas tanks. Wi>,8afforded by DeH devices nade , Individual bom"ling ne i.ng cut out, by at r-ic t o r de r s , c asuc.l.t.Le s dec:~e,:,8ed, bu:t ,;wen in formations o f eight and ten such \,r8S the weiSil+, of tne <>ttn,ck d eLi.ver-er' by t ne "'en'.2.l1 single s ea.t e z-s th3.i se Llom did a p Lane r-etur-n -to 'i is r,i.n::;ar ,,'ittout being "'u11 of holes. ~''-ounds

were frequent ["no tLe clotting of t:Lc avi at or-s torn by ';'errl1a.nma chi.ne cun bullets. lJ"10 pilot J~i.:td hi G gObgltJ3 f'~'jot a.vTa;r ant' e sc ap ed inj ury himself.

"',h8 Fun at t.ack.i ng squadi-cne , sent to meet us, h.id c; \'I;..

Lt. Oyster sa.i d that the American bombing squadr-ons made E, r-unni.ng fight of it every day they went over the lLJOS and tl:e only days they o.idn'tso over the lines were days of rain, Le avy fop;, or low flying cLoud s .

In his annual report for 1918 rele~se::< Leceiaber 5, tL8 ;-;ecretc:ry of W'ar reported on the .d r Service as fol101"'C':

Org:,ni z;::ti 011 •

'I'h e J\.vi",tioil Soction of t:1J Signd ,>:rp', which had: ~1 rgc of t.h o nr-oduc tc.on anc~ o:,er2,tLm c f l:dlitar:/ i'J,ircraf"tG t:lc.: outbr-eak

" .L ~" "'fa,, "'(1 0.1 l, 1;. ,-,',n-' ,,' ',.r ~ "r:{,._ C~e2'+J .. "" v ~ on Ju l.v,J) 18 IS14, To assist L1 outlining Arneric~,' s ;'viat,ion pr-ogr an, the :',ircl'c,ft Production BOCl,rdV{(1iJ

appointed by the Council of FaGionc'l f.efen::;e in ]I;1'Y I lS17. :in -4.., 001053

October, 1917, the Aircraft Board, ao t.i n.; in an advisory capacity to the Signal Corps and tlle lTavy, was created by act of Congress. In April, 1918, the Aviation Section of the Signal Corps was'separated into two distinct d epe.r-tm ent.s , Mr , John D. Ry an being placed in charge of aircraft prorluction and Brig. Gen. W. L. Kenly in charge of military aeronautics. Under the powers granted in the Ovennan bill a further reorg~nization was effected by )resldential order in May, 1918, whereby &.irdnaft pr-oduc t.i on and military aeronauti cs wer e completely "d i, vorced frem the Signal Corps and established in separate bur eaus , Thi s arrangement continued until August, when 'l:J1epresent Air Service, under Mr, Ry an as Second Assistant SecretarY of nar, \"8.3 e st ab Lashed , combining under one her.d the adnu.naet ra.td on of aviation personnel and equipment.

RA,'rMATERIALSSECURED

One of the most ampo r t arrt p rcb Leme which confronted the air-or-af t, organization from th'3 start was the obtaining of su f ficient spruce and fir for ou~selves and our allies. To faci1it~te the work, battalions wer 3 organi zed under wi li tary dis cipline arid placed in the forests of the wast coast. it Goverrnnent p Larrt and kiln were erected to cut r.nd olry Lumber- before shipment, thus saving valuable freight space. To November 11, 1918, the date the arrnistice was siigned , the total quanti ty of spruce and fir shipped amount ed to approximately 174,000,000 feet, of whi ch more than tWU!)..thirds 'llant to the allies. The shortage of Linen stimulated the seur ch f or a substitute pos- sessing tf>e q ua Litd e s nec es eary ir. f abr i.c used lor covering airplane wings. Ex t en sa ve exp er-Irnent s wer o made \vith a c.rt t on pr-oduc-t which proved so suc ce aaf u.L that it is now used for all types of training and service planes. Tc neet the extensive demands for a high-grada Luor-Lca.t.Lng oil castor beans were imi~orted from India and a ::'8.r[;e acr-eage planted , in this c ou.rt ry , Neanwldle, research wo rk ''lith mineral oils was carried on intensively", with the result that a Lubr i.carrt was deve Loped wh i ch proved sat:'.sfactory in practically every type of airplane motor, except the rotary motor, in which castor oil is still preferred.

PRODUCTION OF TRAINING PLIl!IJ}<~SAUD'~NnIIi8S

When war was declared the United btates possessBd less than 300 training planes, all of inferior types. Deliveries of improved models w er e begun as early as June, 191'7. U~ to November 11, 1918, over 5,300 had been pr-oduced , inclu3.ing 1,600 of a type which was temporarily abandoned on account of uusaci sf ac tor-y engdne s , Planes for advanced training purposes were produced in quantity early in 1918; up to the signing of the armistice about 2,500 were delivered. A~)ljroximat81y tl18 smile mmuer WE,S pur cha sed overseas for training the units '1lith tre';xpr3rli t.Lonar-y Force. f)e'Teral new models, to be used f or training jJunmit pilots, are under developme(,t. Within three m011.tLs after the declaration of war exbe nsa ve orders vrer e pLaced for two ty.pes of eLernentar-y tr-ai na ng er.gi ne s , Qua:ntity production was reached within d. stor'(; til11e. In d.ll about 10 ,500 have been delivered, sufficient -Co cons t i t.u't e 8. s,;ctisLr.ctory reserve for some time to come. Of the ad'v-mc ed t,:ainiu6 engines, t.l.o t.hr ee imJortant models were of foreign de si gn , and the success ach i.eve d in securing quantity production is a gratifying commerrtary on the nanufacturing ability of this country . The t otaI production up to :Jov8rnb0r 11 was &-p- proximately 5,200. -5- VOSl053

The experience acquired during the o~eratio1s on the ~fexican8border demonstrated the un sui,tabiE ty of the pla.nes;-hen used by thls American Army. Shortly after the declaration of war, .. c ommdss.icn was sent abroad to select types of foreign service p La 18S to be pt:t into production in th.is country. '7e wer-e confronted with the uecessi ty of redesigning these models to take t he Liberty motor, as foreign er.gine production was insufficient to meat the gr-eat, demands of the 'LUi es , The first successful type of plane to corne into quantity production was a modification of the Bri tinh De Haviland 4. - an observation and da : bombing plane. The first deli veries were made in February, 1918. In Ha: l p r-oductd on began to increase rapidly t and by October a monthly outl ut of 1,200 had been reached. Approximatelyl,900 were shd.pped to the Ex;edi'.onary Force prior to the termination o! hostilities. The Handley-Page na ght bomber, used ex't ens i.veIy by the British, was redesigned to take two Liberty motors. parts fo: ap~roximately 100 planes have been shipped to Engla~1d for. assembly. Table 20 showa the status of American production of service ;planes by quar-t er Ly periods.

Table 20.-Service planes produced in the United states in.1918. ---,~-,------_._-- 1 tc; Apr. 1 to Name of plane. :Jan. ;Mar.". 31. ;June 30 ------_._._- ~._---.--• De Havd Land 4 ••••••• ,.;. 14 515 l Hand Ley -P s.g e •.•...•••. ~ ...... , ... ~. ---'---. __._-_._----- A total of 2,6'16 pursuit, obs er-va'ta on , and day bomba ng planes, with spare engd ne s , were Cleki.vered to t.h e R~~')ecfitio:1ary Force by t.h e French Go ver-zm errt for tte equipment of our' f or ces cv er s e>.s , Considerable progress was m~de in th~ &captation of other types of foreiGn I planes to the l\merici;;,-n-made en~;ines, and in the development of nevr designee The U. S. D. 9A, embodying some improvements over the De Haviland 4, was expected to come .irrt.o quanti ty )roducti on in the near future. The Bristol Fighter, 2. British plane, was redesigned to take the Liberty 8 and the His~U10 Sui 7.0. 300 E. P. engi.ne s , .~ force of Lt aLf.an eEgine:,erd and .skilled wo r-kmen .'1',8 brought to lJ,medca to redesign the C2.)l'oni ;:1j'c;ht;)or,jberto t2,l:e three Li')(~rty mo't or e , and euc ce esf ul, trial flL?)ltS of trri s L12.cb.in'3 h cve b esn made • . Several new models e.r e under eX.l.)o:cimentation •. Chief of tLese is the La Pel'S tllo-seE.ter fighterl designed around "(';-_0 Liberty motor I '~;1e p er f' crrnanc e of which is highly si:Ltisf ac t.o ry , Sev er aL 0 r these planes '."zero sent overseas to be tested c,t tdC front.

Ln vie'" of the ra.~Jic progress in mi Ii tc:,:cy ,,-eron.utic 8, tte ne ees ca'I:.:' for the d eval o'ornerrt of a hi~;h ..power-ed mot or adap't abLe to .uner i can met.hods of quantity pz-aduc td on wa s early :recoi;nizeo. The result of the efforts to meet this need was illS Li.berty motor -- l'ooilZrica'8 cnie f cO:ltn.bution to aviation, an d one of t.r,e gre.2~t :'..chievem8!lts of J~l1e "u.l'. ""fter tHis motor emerc;ed from tIle ox,.,erimentEd St,,,:S8, ",roduction .inc r es.sed vrith great r.::,pidi ty, tIle Cc tober outou t eclL1g 4,200 , or near-Ly ons-tt'irc' of -01:e t.ot.a L production Ui,' to th3 fir~dns. of t.z e .arrni s't i ce , The factories Em- gaged in the manufacture of this ~otor, and their total production to November 8, a~e listed in Table 21. " "0" C~)l0 5:3

Pd.ckard L:iot'orC<.l' Go -. -- .. __ . .. ." ... 4,054 Lincoln Motel' Corljor~tion ~~ -- 3,720 Ford Motor Co .. 3,025

Guneral l'oton; Cc:r).Jrati on. _.-- -- ..._- - -- •..• ----- .••. ------1,554 Nordyke c. L':['YF,Or C~ - - -.- _ ..•. --.,. ------.. ---.,. .. ------. '-- ....-lli.., Total ------~-.,.------~-~------~3,~9~ . ' -' Of this t otv.L, S,8~'':i- y',';TC hif,h-,~om)re :;iu , 01" .rrny t~'-)8, ,em.; 3,572

lO"l_1':--con11,'r00~_)iol'l i 0:'"' i".jc~VY tY;h~" t11u l()wttc~:.' b-3ini~~:u..~:!GC'.in seup Lane s and lrtrge n.i ::;ht b0111o::;rf3. In add.i t.ion to t.h038 iC',;;t',:i.le:.:l ill ')le:1C~3, c.bou:t 3,SCO Li,jer-(-,y nos wer-e shi pped cvcr so..s , to '),J r.sed d.S 8f) .:;_l~';:; c'_nc:. fo r deli '/8J~J to tLe cali t:S " ct;jer types of srr v.i c c l)n,:::;ines, inch;c':i.n::.: .:~~!(3r;isV'.no-~,uizc' ::Jon t:I.p",

the BU,:;atti, and tiw Ll 'cJrty 8-cyL.ilder,'rerf) unde r c:rcv8101ment ',";'len hostilities coased. T~e ~ispdno-Suiz2 180 H. P. h~d alre_~y redch86. qu~nti~y production. ~early 500 8n~ine8 of this type ~er8 ;roducrrt, about half of ~hich ?oro shi~?ed to Franco and ~n~lan~ for use in foreign-built pursuit p1:n08. 'I'ab Lo 22 V8l:: c; h)[)uJnl uf tho :)ro~1;,wt~Ol1 of s or vi c« cmg:i.nos by qUQ"torly }oriods:

Table 22.- Pr oduc td on c'Y s cr-v.i c c e'1;i"£:3'~n 1'.:>16.

Few f~',cili ties exiat e d for tile LiJ.l1ufc.ct"u"e 01' lilc,.l1y of t.18 ce l i cr.t.c , iJ.1strurnents clYld i~r~ric(- ..t~;l'U:jChL_nif.)~;~;-) 2.0j.-;.J.~-_; :.::1-~O .;~; e ec~ui_:J~!lent cf every lJattle p l.ane , ~:'lle cO:,.:~l"(;lf;8 dl'iC~ d8tGr~':li.~1.~_'_5.0li ... ,;'ri tl'j ~Fili~'J:. t~",.e,)o r:.-:()s'-;~c~iff~';.,cult l~rob Lerns r.ro:ce .mo t dll~1 '::301 v 3C~ -'.ri 11 f O:C'L~ O.'~~~ 0 l' ~G>~G ':):"i .~;l t )L'vge sin tL3 D..r ch.i iTO G 0 r .hID ::,3ri c e.n in d ur; One of tL:; mo s t illlJ.jOr.tj~:_i1t o.~~-I.:.:._)~n't~<~,}:.p a l"'e o,~..rc.L~ 'J(/'~~'= .'~'lich t.ne ~:I',..~~r

stii'T1ulctsr1 ".~,r8.8 t~~(3 "'::3.,,Ta~1..0)LJC:::_ ..'~~ o r 'lQic~',-; .,:(Ji (.'~c'.~~~d l ...r~ j: 0 :ti ,":~iO.~1 f Lyi n :.j by JY! C c~-LnL of vi z-e Le s 'c ..:~Cl~ ;;-:.' -~,l-:.i "L_~lc;~~:~!:r.o:11-~:J..ll ~~)E,> D..).;>rdci ~l-tJd '-~~:ol: ~~..~C f '...re b ", _'11 ds_ 8~1.C~811t ,')11 units of -"-11r3 S Lac.roYJ..

After the d8cldrc~iol1 of ~Qr the CO~8t"uction of t~aining fields ~ro- coecled ',,:it:l su ch r'l:;idity 'cLect tl)8 dc,le ..rid for trdnill" cwuipment ,;ro.atly -.".~ e.ed ed eo, rt ",...... ",.; "1Ce .,.1~ f) J' .c+ np .. ~':' of r c 17 1" O""'VP" .1.1, 0 6""-"1," G~,"I",I ,.J..1..t', '" l.'t~~lt. ..J_ i u!'.;J .c..Vl-'-"", .;,)')~J. l.J ..i-"" 1. "'>oJ -;» .... IJ.L ...... J./}J J of e Ieme nt.ary trd:\.ning~,lan8s an,:1j;-1.'~,il1CJs ::,CfJ be en mor e t:Jl1 s'..lfficiSl1t to me s t t.ho d er.x.nd a, "'"'11::.18ti:o s i t u.rta cn L,3 :ceg_,r':~f:c cr t c.in t:'Tl)GS of' 1112,',:38 for a.dvancRcl t:'i:i::"Llirl;s Les ,:.rr,,,.tly :i.ru)rOv':H.1. ,',91)ru:ci:co.f:d;oly 17,UOO ci'..du t s were gr adu.rt.ed from j';rOc'tiC1 ,3:::>00J.2; 2,6G~~ rese rve .nL.it.ry ;:'vJ.<:,tors were grac1uat,3c, from elGI,O)n-::':lry tl"jr,:C.l1z; sch o oLs ; <:;L'.:::,OZf2 (l.V~.ators com;Jlet"f;3l' t118 c our se in c-_(!v(,~nG8d t r 'i~'l.;.'!.~~:'~~)r0Ui3(lC? i.:'1 tl-:i::~ c ou.rcr y , Peu(lin5: t.I;o provision of,,~(h;.ClU:;\'to Oc;u:c:J1'ul t fa'" ~i)cc:i2.1ized C'i,Cl.V 2,nC0.(' trL'.ining, the policy \":j2,S l,;,C~O::;t .r. o.' r:-)(ll",~~:~n.,; i-3'GL~Cl.Cl,tS \l'nr;JJ'(.)a;:~fQr t: short f~.rJ.ishing C'OUrfJ8

b ef ore goi ~1g ir',:.to ('~Cti O~'l• Til ::) ::11.,or~~aLc-;0 f sh.i 11(0rl ."::0 C~1~':.r:ic D uri 'ch 8~t.f f~.ci orrt knew Ledge of 3.ir)lcLl:1es and :l~.oto,!"s "7(J,~~~118t '~'jY-~~1e e;.;'iJE~b}.iGl'rrle).1t of tr(:.iniD." ach o o Ls from which ',)'Ter L'; ,OGO lc8cbmicB -.-reI',) ;.;r,.'t>.~~ed . .itt th e C38 sa ti 011 0 f :':0 sti li ti e s '!~here '~'.rGrtJ :~n t~-~':~iui, d,!~.:: ':_~f; ,...v i.at or- 8 i n t~-le Unitod ~)tcrces 6, 528 me n , of vrh om ;:'2 ,;JG:c c o.rt 'Tere 2.Ll',;YV.\l1d ~Jc'1oclBI 37

)81' cent i~Jol(p~1ent,.:~ry SCllOO~Ls, ::.116 'JJ. .~jur C'GJ:1t'in &dV3~.CGC:. t!"c.i..ini~l,~'~~ s ch o 154 'I'rie nUl.:~~JGT cf 1~L'(-3ni:l t1"',.j.ninr~:; 2\£; ~.~"/l-ator :-J ..~cr.L?..nics '::,r,-~S , J.~)!l. .-7.. ~1053 7 FOHCES AT ThE FR0NT

Ea.r1y in 1918 tlv, fir st s quadr-ens composed of Al11eriGall ..oer scnne L pr ovr ded with French planes ap;Jearedatt.he f r crrt , The number was: Lnc r er.eed as ;l.'api,dly as equipme.nt could be 'oBtained.. On Septet.lher.'30, the (L."te of the late.st available inf.Drmatiol1,.there were 32 squadrons at th3 iront.of these l.5were pursuit" 13 observation, and 4 bombing. Txt..' first squadron equipped rei thAmei"ic2',n plan esreached the front 'in the La.tt er- par t -o f July.

LOSSES TN BATTLEA1\JD IN TRAINING

Though the casualties in the dr force vre r e temal.L as compared with t;~.e total strength.. the casual, ty r at e of the f lyingpersoi1nel at the front was. somewhat above the Artillery and Infantry r at es J The reported battle fatalities up to Oc t ooer 24 were 128 and ac c.ident fataH ties overseas 244. The:r.esul ts of allied and J:lmeric,m experience at the front Lnda czt,e that two ava.at.or s lose their lives in accidents for each aviator ki lbd in battle. The fatalities ut trdining fields in the Um, ted states to October 24 were ~62,

On Amer-Lca IS errt ranc e into tlw war , the i,H~"~~30nnelof th;') ,,:11" Serviee consa sted of 65 officers and 1,120 men, VJLlenthe armistice w as signed the total strength was sl~htly over 190~OGO, comprising ab out, 20,000 c omru s si aned of f i cer;s , over 6,000 cadets under training, and 164,000 enlisted men • In addition to the cadets under training. the flying personnel was composed. of about 11,000 officers, of whom appr-oximat e.Ly 42 per cent were with the Expeditionary Force .when hostilities ceased. The Ai. r Service constituted slightly over 5 per cent of the total st rengtho f the, Army.

I~secretarY Baker'. report L,cluded a ecmmun.ica'td.on just received from General Pershing in which he cornmerrted on aircraft and the Air Service as follows:

'lOur entry into the war found us ~;!ith few of thea.uxiliaries necessary for its cnndue t in the modern sense. l\mong our most inHnrtcmt deficiencies in material were artillery, aviation, and t.ank s , In ol'd(.~r to meet our requirements as rapidly 'as possible, "\78 accepted the oif at' of the French Governmerit to provide us with thenecessaryarti1leTyec~uJ..pme:nt. In aviation we were in the same situation, and here fig;li.n the French Government came to OUI' aid until our own aviation lwogram should be under way, 1'le obtained from the F"rench the nec e.ss ar-y planes for training our personnel, and they have provided .us with a t.o ta.L of 2,676 )ursuit .. observati on, and bombing plane s , The first airplanes rec ei ved from home arri ve d in May, and altogetherv'!e have received 1,379. T!'Q first American squadr-on completely equipped by .hmerican pr-odu-v.aon , including airplanes, crossed the German lines on August 7, 1918. It should be fully'realiLz:ed that the hench Gover-nm.snt 11u3 always taken a most liberal attitude and has been most anxious 0': ';ive us every possible assistance in meeting our deficiencies in tL0b8 as well as in other respects. Our dependence upon Fri.'U1cef or c"rii1.lery, aviation, and tanks was, of course, due-io the fact th&.t our i),dustries had not been exclusi vely devoted to mi li tary production, All cr edit j~' due our own manufe.cturers for their efforts to meet our r-equ.i.rement s., 3.:3 at tt18 time the annistice was signed we were able to look rcrwar d to~,',e early supp.Ly of practically all our nec ee saties from DUrOli'n f ae t or'J 'c>,' ~ 1053

In. the batt).e of' 5t .. ~Jjihi e1. I gener-al, Pershing rop:)r:t.s:.

"Tho French Independont Air For~.c was pLaoed under my command which, together with the Bri:Hsh bombing squadr-ons and our air forces, gave us tho lar.gest a~scmbly- of, aviation that had ever boon eng agod in one cper ata on on the .' western f'r-orrt.,"

'''Our Aviators", says General Por shd ng , in another i)art of his report. "have; no equa.Ls in daring or in fight.ing ability and have left a record of . c.o ur.agoous deeds that will ever r-emai.n..« brilliant page in th3 annals of our '/' Army." /

General Parshing, in the name of tho Prosident.has awarded the Distinguished Servico Cross to tho following of'f.i.c er s for the acts of extraordinary horoi SIn sot forth after their names:

is t Li eutenant Goorge Willard Fur Low, Pi lot, AS, USA 103 ao ro Squadron. For extraordinary h cr oi.sm in ac td on. near Ghar ey , Franco, Scp't ernber' 13. 1918. Lieutenant Furlow" v.hile Lead i.ng a patrol of 3 mone pLace p Lanos at an ultitude of" AOO meters. met and I}.ttackod an e nemy patrol o,f 7 moncp Laco planes. Despi to nUl!zterical euper.i.oru ty t . Li cut enan't Furlow destroyed two of t.r;e onomy's planes and with tho aid of his companions f orccd tho othcr c to withdraw.

An Oak Leaf is awarded Li.ewt onarrt Furlow for tho following act of extraordinary heroism in ac td on in the region of Ver-neville. France, Sept-ember 17. 1918. Lieutenant Furlow whilo, on patrol with tVTO other companions mot and attacked an enemy forrrw.ti on of eight planes. In the c our so 0 f combat which eneuod, Lieutenant Furlo'v's Planes wer-e :sevor€ily damaged by tho enemy's fire. Despite the d amage, he continued tho attack until 110 had destroyed dno hostile aircraft and with his patrol forced tho remainder of t he CJl1clIlY to retire. Home ,addr e ss , Mr-s. S.C. Furlow, mothcr , 504 W. College Street, Roche st.cr , 1yfinnesota. First Lieutenant Goorgo E., Phillips, (Pilot) AS USA 50 Ae-ro Squad r-on , . For extraordinary her-o ism in action near Beffu at La Mor th ommc, Franc 0, October 23; 19,1&. Lieutenant .i-'hillil)s. (pilot) ac compana ed by Lieutenant rV:.B•. Brown •.. (observer) while on a reconnaissance for the 78th Division, attacked an enemy ba.Ll.o on and forced it .. to de sc cnd' and was in turn .at t ack sd by 3 enemy planes (FokkertyPe}. The incendiary bullets from tho.m.~my' ~ machines sot the signal rockets in the observers cock pit afire. Disro[mrding tie pocsibiUty of going down in f Lemes , Lieutenant Phillips maneuver-ed his91ano so that his observer was able to fire on and destroy one orrcny plane and drive the othcr o away. He tl'6l1 handodhis firo extinguisher to Li.outonant or-own who extinguishod the f Lames , Theyconplotec! thoir mi s sd on and s cc ur ed othor valuable information. Home addr-e ss: GeoI gr, W. Phillips , father, 122 West Market Stre .rt , Lewiston, Pennsy Lvani a •

Second Lieui;on;mt Mitchell H. Brown, (observer) AS, USA 50 Aero Squad r-on, For extl'arol'dinD.ry heroism in action near Bof'fu at La I\;;orthomme, October 23. 1918. Lisutonant or orn, (obsorvor) piloted by l..i0utonant G. R. ;Phi Lips. ,w21ile on a r cc onnad s eanc o for the 78th Di vision,. he attacked an euemy ')alloon and ior oed it to descend. They wer o in turn attacked by 3 enemy planes (Fok~,er-typ()). The incendiary bullets from tlll1 onemyIS ii ach i ne set the signa: r ocke ts to::'ieutenant Brown's cockpit a--f'd r-a , DLre.G;zll'c1ing the flam Of; he con~inued to fi~G destroying ono enemy ?lano and forcing the others to rGtir~. He thpl'l used the axti ngui ehcr hand ed him by his pilot ",ud put 01}.t the flames. TheY'.suecessfv':;'ly completed their mil-ssion and eocur ed veJ.uable information.

Herre address: Mr-s. i:::i tchell 11. Brown, mother I Rockwell, 'Tex8_J.

lirst Lieutenant Ernest A. Giroux-, Pilot I lIS USA. For extraordinary her odsm in action ne ar-Armeyer-en , France, May 22, .1918. ' Lieutenant Giroux, l~}.ileon pr.t ro L with 4 other scout p Lane s attacked an enemy f ormatdcn of 8 mono- .... ;,laN machines. Two of Lieutenant Giroux'~companiol1s VlOr6 forced to retire wh"m thei;r 'guns became jammed • Desp'it..e numerical~,uperiority, Lieutenant Giroux continued the attack endoavoringto protect. his leader until finally forced d owri and killed •. -9-:. v 081053

Fix-st Lieut ':.'lantFra.lh Baer,a$ :j :t.C.~ pilot, lC3d Aero Pursuit Squadron. "For thefoUovdng repeated ac t s of extr-aor-d.i nar-y hcr-o i sm ti n acti on fi ve , April 12 'and 1'3. Iii!ay 8 and 21, l~l~ r) ...ieut . Baer is awar-ded a bronze 0ak loaf to be wohl. on. the Distinguished Service Cross awar-ded hiin j,pril 12, 1918. Lieut. Baerbrought down enemy pLane s on. Ap.ri 1 5, April12,and on April 23', '. 1918. On May; 1918, he destroyed two Gorman. machines and on May 21 he de st.r-oyed his eighth anemy p Lane ," Next of kin. Mrs. Emma B. Dy.ar, mother J 1304 Maud . street, Fort Wayne, Ind ~ ..

First Ldcut , Wallace Coleman, Pilot, Ob.sei"vation Group, 4th Gorp s • "For extraordinary heroi;sin in action near Jaulny., FraLJe, September 12-13, 1918. On September ra, Lieut. Coleman, wi t.h Second Lied. William Belzer, obaer-ver, while on an artillery sur vcd Ll.anc e i:u<:'.sion, y.Ti-isa.":tackeli by an enemYi11an\3. ' They waited until.t he enemy v.as at 'clos6 ra:lge, fireo ;)0 rounds directly'i,nto the' vital parts of the machine, when the mach t ne was aeen to disappear out of control. The next day Li eut s , Bel'icr and Coleman, while on a r-ec onned s sanc e. m~ssionwore'attacked Qy seven e.nemy aircraft.' Th~y unhesitcrtingly opened fire~ but, owing to their guns being jammed, were f or-c ed -.;0 withdraw to our lines, where, clearing the jam, thoy 'roturned:to fi.nish tho mission. Their guns again j ammed ; and they were dd ver; b s.ck by a largo patrol of, enemy planes • Af'tal" skillful manouver a ng they succeeded in putting one gun into use and r eturned a 'third time, only tC'bo dri von l-Iack.1lnde.unted. they returned 'tt" foutth tiDie and accomplished their missloJ'l,' trunsmi tting ve.Luab Le information to the infantry haadquarrt er-s," HO:m~1 address. R. B. CoLeman, father i 1625 Boyd .l\venu'e, Racine:) 'Nis.,

Second La eut , VIilliam Be Laerj Ob s er-ve r , ObservatiohGroup, 4th Corps,. "For extraurdinary heroism in ac ta on .Iau Lny , Yx'ance ,Septem1')er 12-13, 1918. On September 12, Lieut. belzer, ,.','ith First Laeut , 'NaJlac9 CoLemari, pilot, while on an artiller~' sur vea Ll anc e mi s st on , was attacked by an anemyp1.ane. They waited, until.the enemy was at close range; fired 50,r()undsdire~tJ..y into the vital parts o f the rracha ne , 'when the machine was. $een1;0 rJ.isuppC\81rout of control. The nextaay Li.eut s , Be Lzer and Coleman. while o-n a reconnaissance mi s sion,. were' attacked by seven e nemy ad r-cr-af t , They unn osa tatingLy opened fire, but " owi.nr:, .t o their-guns' being jammed, wer-e 'forced towLthdraw to our line's, where, c leering tho jam, thoy return'3d to finish the mission. Trlair guns: again jammed and' they were dri. von back by a largo patro 1 of enemy plane s • Af tel' 'skillful . maneuver-Lngvth oy succ eoded in putting one gun .:i..rto use and returnada third time, . only to beidr i.ven back ~ .Undaunted, t1.;ey, returned thiJ fourth time. and ac compIti shed ";heir mission" trq,l1sm.{tting va Luab Le information to infantry headquarters." Horae addr-o s s , Frank B. Belzer, rj'!.usgow, Mont. •I . •

First Lieut. William Duckat eo.n , pi.l.otl F':i.rst Aero Squadr'on . "Foz' extraordinary he r oi an in actionbotwe.:m Montrebeau and Ext3nnom", Fr8n.ce t September 2S, 1':118. Vlhile on a special Gommandroconnaissanco to eac er t.ai,n whether or 110tthero was any' concentration of c-iemy t.r ocp s between Montrebeau ann Exermorrt , which might indicate a poe si b Le c cu-rt.er a't t ac'; , this officer ob~ained information of~the very greatest value, ~ljing over the enemy at an altitude: of less than 200 meter)J , inc:pi te of t)Jostunfavorableatmospheric cond:ltiol:'ls,in the presence of numer-ous ew)lr.Y aircraft,' and under (~(>nti.'t1uou~ heavy r::-r).8 and machd ne--gun fire frQi tho ground, Li2Ut. Duck.s't.ei n spo-ctedenemy troops mas sed for counterattack,. and, althotli1;n s eve re Iy wounded by a machine-gun bullet from the ground, continue.d tis mission un~il he had clearly and accurately located the ~osition. He then . returned and, thoughsuf fering from the pain. of ha s wound , suc cced ed in writing out and dropping a clear and complete message. The ccurrt er at t.ack , launched shortly af t erwar-d by a fresh enemy division, W'l.S cruehed , and the accurate and timely informatio,n brought back by Li.cut , Duck:atein, "ftcra Vt:1ry gallant flight under highly adverse conditions, was of the groat.,j"t im,vorto.r1cc in this suc ce s s," Home address) J\~rs. A. 'fT. Ducb,tein) wife, 1[1ardmb.10(J<)J.r':.s, 'lTGst, 'Vashington, D,C,

First Lieut. Alan 1'Iutt (deceased), pilot; 94'~h Aero Squadron, "For oxtraordinary heroism ,in ac td. on near Forges, Fral:ce, September 26, 1918. Whi,.le Q'in a patrol Lieut. Hutt. encountered and unhesitatingly at tacked eight Fokker p Lane s , After a few mdnut.c s of sever-e fighting, during which he displayed -10- 081053

i.ndomitabl0 courage: and dotoruina.tion, tris ofL.~Gr shot down one of tho enemy planes. Tot:-'.11y sur-r-ound ed , outnumbered and ,.7.i'Gho'utatl1ou.;;h:t of aac ape , he continued the attack until he VJas"hot down in f Larnes near Dd lla ncour-t ," Noxt of kin, Robor~ H. Nutt, Cliffside, N. J.

Second. Li0\J.tr Percival G•. Hart, l35th Aero Squadr-cn , "i'or cxt.raor-d i.nary horoism in ac t.i on durLng the battle of the st. Mihiol salient, So rt.embo r 12 ...13, 1918. On Sep t embor- i2,. ho made three Infantry liaison pa t rc Ls , a'ld obtainod valuable information of the Loc.at.Lon of cur adwanc I ng line,. wl.Lch information he conveyed to or gam zG.tion commander-e , Bad weather condiitions n~ ce sai, tated flying at a very 10VI eltitude, but, in spi to of this end rope-Ectad "ct:t.3.cks by super" ior numbers of enemy aircra:fi, he drove t.hcm off by his ac cur at e f ~re, and accomplished his mission. On Soptomber is, he) unh e s.itat i ng.LylW31Tt to the aaai.at anc e of three allied ~lancs, whdch wor o be.ing ettackod by a ..arge patrol of the enemy, and by his steady fire .drov0 off the »ncmy pat r oL «nc enab Led tho three allied planes to return." Homo af!r1rcss, .J. M. H3!.t, f ath ir , Chicago,

I 11 •.1

Second Lieut. Louis C•..Simon, Jr., 147th Aero Squadron, "i"or extraordinary heroism in action in tho rogion of Hadonvd k te Le s Lachaus s e , Franco, September 16, 1918, 1Hhilo on a protection patrol fo:~ :\nwY'ican obacr-vat.Lon pLario s from the 99th Aero Squ.adron, Liout .. f.imon was fired up on by tbreo Halberstadt biplane fighters. RegarcUefls of his p9rsonal dange:t:>1G immedi.atoly engaged the enemy • although a.Lono, dr-awi.ng tl:cm down and Qwr}.y from the observation p Lanes , which continued their import';..nt :"ork unmoLe at e-i , Lie\\~,. Simons continued fighting the t.hr eo Halborstad.ts fiercely in spa t o of t.,;e :)~~s against him. He finally succ(]oded in getting on the tail of ono unO. af'or firing a short burst at cLoso r ange tho enemy plane fol"l out of control. Tte r-crnai rn ng two planos quickly br oko off tto combat and headed fast with mot or- :ul1 on. Homo addr cs s , Ifrs. M. E. Simon, Normanda e Hotel, Columbus, Ohio.

Second. Lieut. Wilbert iN. VIhit e , 147th Aer-o ; .quadr on , For extra- Iordinary heroism in action in the regions of :;:i~tain H~ld Ch.Jmbley, France, Soptembor 14, 1918. Whilo protecting throe allied nbs\rvation pianos in the rogion of Etain Lieut. 1l1Jhito was attacked by t hr ce SlQU er0:tadt fighters. He engaged them immediatoly, sue ees sf'u.I Iy fighting t.heei off and leading them all away f r-om tho obecr-vat i.on planes, wh.i.cn were thus pe rmi, ~tod to carryon their work unmolested. Whilo returning home he dived through a cloud to attack an enemy balloon near Charn,blov, br i.ngi ng i.t down in flames. Two Fckkor-s scouts then attacked him and. although h~ was a] one, wi, 'ch intr~ pid courage ho attacked '&bte first Fokker head on. shooting until it went down Lr to tc vertical dive out of control. Pulling up sharply. he fired a long t"~'2t 6 ~ the scc ond I"okker as it went over him putting it to Immodt.at.e night. Hom, addro s s , Dr. W. iJ'!. White, 541 Lexington Avenue, Now York, N. Y.

The Balloon Se~tion is being congnatu1ated as a result of the publication of the following orders;

H13El.dquartors Fir st Division, i\r:1eri.cfil1Expodi tionary For-cos., Franco, October 12, 1918.

From: Chief of Staff, 1st Division

To: Commanding Officer. 2nd Balloon CompC'.ny

Subject: ApprGr.i,'l.tion of Scrvices

1. fJ~heCommanding General, 1st Division, directs me to cxpr eas to you his appr ec i.mc on nne tho appr-ec i a'td on of the division. for the s er vi oes rondered by your or-garri sati on during the operations participated in by 4,hi s division between the !,I:EUS3: and the ARGONNEfrom Se,t-ltembe:r 29th to Oct obcr 11th, iriclusi V8. 'l'he energy and alertness of your organi za't ion which enabled the 11- 081053

fre-quent id;){ltification)f artillery tb.rgets were of gr,)L,t valuo to the di vision.

J. H. GREEL:' Chief of Staff.

BALLOUN GROUP FIFTH AfiJf:{ CORPS I A,E. F- A.P.O, 769

19 Oct., 1918

Group Special Order No. 26

L The ontire Balloort Ser v.ice honors -;;1,0 mancuvor-i ng squad of thE! 12th Balloon Company, The devotion to duty S[JJwn by tho men who composod this squad on 1 Oct" 1918 was such as to set a glOVlil1G examp Lo to al.L other balloon companies in the J\morican Expeditionary Forces,

2. Despite the fact that sholls were falling on all sides of the balloon, two so cLosc as to tear holes in t.ho fa.bric, no mart left the ropes nor faltered, well knowi.ng that death was Li ab Le to coma to t.hem at any momont, The Safety of the balloon was their first thought; th-:;ir personal safety second. Thej' have shown the spirit ami Loya.Lt.y which is expected of true so ldi ers ,

3~ This ord~r js to bo read to all balloon organizations in the Balloon Group, Fifth Army Corfs, at the :;'ir;.rt formation after its receipt,

By order of Naj . Jouett:

6th Balloon Co, I 7th Balloon Co, Jones CaI'leton C.

. 8th Balloon Co. Ls t T .. t. A.•S.,U.S.P .• , 12th Balloon Co, i~dj utant . 43rd Balloon Co. C.A.B., 1st Army C.A.S.) (Ball. sect.) File,

The following figures will give an idea of the work clone by the Sal- vage Branch: 'I'r-ansfe r r ed to other Bureaus of the V!i:JT Department, $235, ~96 .56 ; total value 'ofproperty sold, ,,;;,328,214.• 09; value of property still under oonsa der-atd on for stile, and for which markets ar e being found, $10 ,855,800 .86. Trt1.osactions which do not appear- in the above ar e , t~8.n~,fer of 27 tons of WC.fHO paper to the Sa.Lvage Divi s.ion of the Quartermaster Corps; the transfer of nearly 80,000 batteries to the SelID3 agency, and the return of 3,200 pttirs of goggles which proved to be def ec t i,ve to the manufacturers, f or repair, The t otu.I of these i terns is more than ~t,.b,OOO.

Among the large :,tems disposed of by the Salvage Branch are 150,000 gallons of. Lubr-Lca.ti.ng oil.. about 148,000 y ard s of canvas, ~5 L, 1;7. 1<'., airpL.nef\ these ships havi.n.; been so..d to the Czecho ..Slav Governrnent, tlle sale 0 f 2,000 pairs of Aviator's Gc,ggles to the 1..1, S. Navy , the transfer of a ,)3,000 unloc..din:; crane and of more t.l;o.ni~20,OOO worth of ro ad material o:~ Langl.ey Field to the Construction Division; and 1, 346 typewriters, wM.cr. were sold to t)',e var i.ouc Bureaus and Government Cl.(;encie.s.

A cempai gn ha s been inaugurated to sell in open mar-ket , with tr-9 T~J- pr ovat of the Chief of the Supply Section, several hundred airships ane: 8:,1t;i:1es, 1Jl1.1.lCh aer-ve d rtherr' .lurpose woll as training ships for our av.ia't or-s ,111'::' whi c), are no longer naedec , These airships, it is believed, will find a ready ~3ile in -12- OSlOS3

open market an ,'1 vrill do much to ,)oVJ.lar-i zo flying in the United states. Another possible market for come of t ne s s a.i r-s.ri.p s is to Nations of South Ameri CD and other parts of tha I'/or1d vi;j ch iar e favorable to tile lJni ted ;::itates and our Allies.

A.ir Service Estimu,te:J for 1920

The letter from the Secretary of t1':e Treasury to the House of Rep~eGentatives~ of appropriations required for the fiscal year ending June 30, 1920 includes the following ltems for the Anny Air Servtce:

Air Service, Aer-onautd c e ------$ 19,933,738.47

II " Production ...------~)144! 9431514 .7~ Total "ir SerYi'ce, Anny ~?l64,87rl ,253.18 Total Air Service, Navy ~)225,OOO,OOO.00

AIR SERVICE, LlILITARY--

Creating, maintaining, and opar ati ng at t echn i c al, schools and co~~eges, and at established flying schools, courses of iastruction for aviation students, including cost of oonst ructdon , e qu.ipmerrt and supplies necessary for instruction and subsistence of studonts, and excluding pay of military instructors and extra pay allowed cendadat es for commission (cadets) while at flying schools. ~784,59l.92

Extra. pay allowed caad i dat.ee for corami. asd on {cadet 3) while at flying schools $381,024.00

Vocational training in trades ralLted to aviation, including the I employmont of necessary civilian instructors, purchase of tools, aqui.pmerrt , materials, machines, text books, books of reference, scientific and professional papers, and instruments and material for theoretical and practical instruction at aviation schools. $325,669.20

Purchase of supplies for securing, doveloping, printing, and re- producing photographs aiad e by aerial cb ser-ver s ~p688,1l5 .20

Purchase of aviation eupp Lias and equipment to be furnished Air Service organizations to be es-ta.blis:Jod during the Jear, and to maintain and r cplac e the equipment of orsan.i.7,atioM.l a.Ir-oady iu service. 811,4SJ.,3i.3.78

Payment of mdLer.ge to officers of the Army travoling on duty in connection with aviation. #197,38S.00

Establishment, en2-o.rgement, equi pmerrt, mairrt anance , and operation of aviation stations, ba.Ll.o on sch ooLs, fields for' testing end experimental work. ~5, 23S,639.37

Salaries and wages of civilian employees in the District of Columbia or elsewhere as may b'J nece ssary , and payment of their t r ave Li.ng and other necessary expenses. 0600,000.00

Actual and necessary expenses of officers <..no en Lict.eo men, and ci vilian employees of the Army, and authori zed agents sent on special duty at home and atro&d for aviation purposes, including observation Wid investigation of foreign military operRtions and organizations. ~ 25,000.00

Experime;ltal investigation, and j)UrCiHc,e and development of new types of aircraft. ')200.000.uO ------_. __ ._------~_._._.- .._--,,-_._--_._._------*trDMlrni tting the ostim,;ltes -l~- OS1053

Necessary expen s es Lnc iderrta L to "',he adnn noi t.r at.i on of the Air Service. $ ,30,,,,~OO.00

All damages to persons and pr-Lvat e property resulting from the operation of aircraft at hO~8 and abroad" $ 15,000.00

Total amount to be appropriated under each head of appropriation: (Aeronautic) ~l~ ,P33,73 8,47

PROVIDED,That claims not exceeding ~250 in amount for damages to persons and private property, resulting from the operation of aircraft at home and abroad, may be settled Qut of the funds appropriated hereunder, when each claim is substantiated by a survey report of a board of officers appointed by the commandang officer of the near-eat aviation post, and approved by the Director of Military AeronauticB: PROVIDED,H~r~VER, That the claims so settled and paid from the sum hereby approptiated shall not exceed in the aggregate the sum of 0150 ,000.

BUREAUOFAIRCRAFT?RODUGTION

AIR SERVICE (PRODUCTION)-

AERIALAPPLIANCES,VOCA~IONALTRAININGIN AVIATIO~, ETC.: For the pur cha se I manufacrture, maintenance, repair, and operation of airships. war ba1100ns, and other aerial machines, including instruments and appliances of every sort and description necessary for the operation, construction, or equipment of all types of aircraft, and all necessary spare parts and equipment connected therewith;. and all necessary buildings for equipment and personnel in any bureau or departme~t charged with the production or procurement of aeronautical equipment and material; and also for the establismnent, enlargement, equipment, maintenance, and operation of fields for testing and experimental work, including (a) the acquisition of land, or any interest in land, with any buildings and improvements thereon, by purchase, lease, donation, condemnation, Ior ot:1srvrise. Total (Production) ~144, 943,514.71

CONTINUENGTPEAPPROPRIATIONSFOR TJE SIGNALSERVICE: That funds appropriated by the act approved July 24. 1917, for the fiscal year 1918, entitled 111m act to authorize the President to increase temporarily tlle Signal Corps of the Army and to purchase; maintain, manufacture, repair. and operate airships,

and make appropriations therefor, and for other l)Urposes ,II and the funds appropr-La't ad for the Signal Service of the Army in the act approved May 12, 1917, entitled "An act making apuropriations for the suppor-t of the Army for the fiscal year, 1918,11 and October 6, 1917, for the fiseal year 1918, and prior :wears, entitled "An act makang appr-opri at Lon s to supply urgent deficiencies, etc.,", are hereby made avai Lab Le until June 3.0, 192CJ.

APPROPRIATIONIMrEDV.T~LYAVIATION: That the moneys appropriated in this act for aviation purposes sha.l L be and become avaa lable upon the passage of this act, and all shall also be available for the payment of obligations incurred prior to the passing of this act. In the event such obligations are of a chnr-act er otherwi se within the scope of t he appropriation.

PROVIDED, That there shall be alloted to trw Aircraft board, by the tead of the Bureau or DeFartment charged with the production of aircraft, from

the appropriations herein made for aircraft production for the fiscal year i91S I ann 19~O, the sum of 100,000.00 or so much thereof as may be necessary, which money aha.I l, be available during the fiscal year for the payment of such clerks, or other employees, either in the District of Columbia, or elsewhere, as may be ne oe asa.ry for the conduct of its business, including 81..'.c11technical experts and advisors as may be found nec e s sa.ry ; and for the payment of rental of offices in the District of Columbia or elsewhere, pur chaee of neco s s ary office equipment and supplies, including aoi er.t i f'Lc publications, printing, necessary administration, and contingent e x ien se s of said board. ------_._..-#- ----_ ..- --- 031053

AVL'\T I ON, NAVY-- For aviation, to be expended unde~c~ht.d~rection of the Secretary of the navy for procuring, producing, orJeflt~l'rf3,1~if'oring, and hand'Li ng ad r-cr-aft , est.ablishmant and me.a nt.e nanc e of aircraft s+'J.t:;'ons, including the acquisition of land by pur chas e , donat.i on or condemnation, and for exper ime nt.a.L work in development of aviation for naval purposes, ((:220,383,119) $225)000,000: PROVIDED,That the sum to be paid out of this appropriation under the direction of the Secretary of the Navy for drdting, clerical,; inspection, and messenger service nor aircraft stations shall not exceed ~300,OOO: PROVIDEDFurther, that the Secretary of the Navy is hereby 8.uthoTized to consider, ascertain, ad~ j uat. determine and payout c f this approprilation the amounts due on claims for damages which have occurred or may occur to private' property growing out of the operations of naval aircraft. Navy 'fatal $225,000,000.00 /

RETURN or OUTsRCLOTdING1'TORNHOMEBY ____ ...;D...;,I::.;~P.GEDIv~]E;:;:N.;.... _

Army Regulations, provide that within four months after the termination of his ac t i ve service an enlisted Man Shall return all outer uniUorm clothing which he was permitted to retain for wear to his home, by mail, under a franked label furnished him for the pttrpose, and in conformity wi th instructions given him at the time. All outer uniform clothing should be returned to the Office of the Zone SuppLy Officer in whose, zone his home is located, thus centralizing the return of all such clothing at zone supply depots where same will be turned 'over to Salvage Division.

The Chief of Staff announces that Transport Adriatic sailed from I Liverpool on the afternoon of December 1st for New York with the follOWing Air.Service troops, totaling 90 officers and 2213 enlisted men:

83l;lth Aero Squadron

338th Aero Squadron

336th Aero Squadron

334th Aero Squadron

472nd Aero Squadron

377th Ae3ro Squadron

837th Aero Squadr-on

4th Construction Co •• Air Servi ce

6th Construction Co ., Air Service

7th Construction Co ., Air Service

8th Construction Co " Air Service

9th Construction Co " Air Service

When the ..,ar broke out Lieut. Lew Wallace Taylor was a theological student in a Presbyterian seminary at Hastings, Neb. A year later found him a balloonist engaged in a work which ~as as far removed from his fomler occupation as anything could be. Now thc,t he has returned to his native land to resume -15- 1053

his 'civilian life, Lt. 'Taylor feels that his experience has been both broad~i~g and profitable from the point of view of a clergyman.

"I entered the Army as a buck priva~er"' said Lt. Taylor, "working my way up and have had 'an opportunity to stu-J men with the veneer rubbed off. Ths conduct of our men particularly in the aviation which I have observed more closely, has been splendid throughout the war ,"

Lt. Taylor was a pilot attached to the First American Balloon sent to the front. He was in the thickest parts of the battles at Seichpre and Chateau Thierry. On two occasions during these engagements his balloon was shot down by Hun aviators and he was compelled to descend to earth in a parachute.

Lt. Taylor enlisted in the artillery onMa~5, 1917, and was sent to Fort Niagara. for training. He went over-seas in December and completed his training as an aerial observer several weeks later.

As soon as he is granted an honorable ~ischarge Lt. Taylor expects to retunn to the theological seminary and finish his course. Lt. Taylor lives at St. Edwards, Neb. where he makes his home with his aunt and uncle. Mr.. and Mrs. Madison O. Smith.

The tot'al membership of the Air Service Clubs' Association is now very near' the thousand mark with membership campaigns being conducted in almost every field. At Kelly Rield, Texas, a meeting of the officerS was recently held at which plans were made to enroll members in the Association. Officers at that field declared the !~r Service Clubs' Association ,was the one organization that every man should join, as they pointed out, a t. w se the only organization that had received official santion of the Govermlent.

Returning Aviators from France in almost every case, are joining the Air Service Clubsi Association. Applications are a Lsc being received from men' Iin the Naval Branch of Aviation. The Balloon Section has also responded, in e. Grati fying manner.

Fromotior.s during Octoper, 1918

(In order of Seniority ',iVithin Ue different Grades) •

To COLONEL

Prentice, Jillnes, JMAer Jones, E. Loster

To ~f.AJOR

Mulliken, Harrell Good, J. William - Jones, Geor~e L. Steichen, Edward J. Pourron, Joseph Franklin Amory~ Roger, ffiAA Crane, Charles B. Minott, Harold Fleet, Rouben Hollis, JMA Packard, John H. 3rd 'ifhi t e, James M. Hammond, Charles H.

Nevi Ll.e , Eugene Elmer Schroeder I Rudolph Y! 'f Ri\1A Stratton, George Malco1n . Negley 1 Richard V. VI. ..16- OS1053

To CAP'l'AIN

Ramsey, Joseph W. (':,urch, George rvI~ RMA Ba~nell, ~dgar W. ruili.l~ McKean, Henry P. Law, Bernard A., BMA De Steiguer, 1]'[a1ter Geor ge Ord~ay, Lucius P, J:r '} RMA" Brewer, Scott R. Rogan, James S. ' Shap}ell, Map]e D., RMA Heffner, Roy J. notton, Thomas A., P]JfA Earle., Mur.ray, RMA,' Pierrepont, R. otuyvesant Fuchs, John O. Little, Archibald Rotan, George l[. Eolter, Bennett A. Rr,'A Jones, John P, Felton, James B. "ontfort, ~Pij~s B. ric Craw, Le Hoy E. Whitsit~~ Vincent P. Rooney, Bernard P. 1!'Jieners,Fred B. Carri:-;an, Robert, MC m.5A Lord,A,l.port C. Ki~berg, George J. F1JIA' Cleary;.t Maurice G. mJIA Mann, Lawrence C., RMA Dick$~n, Charles M. Wc Cabe, Dayid A. Reece, Henry E. eNd s. E~d1)rinP. Hoag, Earl,S., HMA Hondry, frank C. Willcox, Albert M.' Clu.rk, John M. Abney, Louis D., Rl'lA Patterson, Ceo , B., RMA Smith, Felix T., RMA King, Royal VI. SChlusse1, Jacob 5. Macready, John A., McKitmey I Michael A. Jr ... Roberts, ISEtIiliC '?" Hannon, Clifford B~ Hobson, Henry B. Muse, Donald P., ~~A Har tman, Harry B., Vogel, Harry J, Strahl:mU1, otto E. Hi lliard, Thomas J., ill/A 1f;Jilliams, Edward L. Jr., RMA James, John A. Smi t.h , Lowell H., RMA

Jacob, Walter P., ru~A .Rell, Clarence C. I RMA Battles, 1r.rinthrop H" F.MA Schelling,George L" RJViA I Pillsbury, Edwin S. Merri H, Ri chard S. TIat8on, Harold E.) RMA Walser, Arthur C. Byrnes, J ane s E. Leonard, J• Cecil, ~lJIA Mills, Harold P.

To FI2ST LIEUT;r;rrANT

Ec Lean, George W; Jr. Brennecke. August.us E., FWA Ford, Fr-ed M ~ Lewis , James C. Heebner, Miller B. Ro ge r s ,:;"Yi'.er:r t:.

Lake I ~?riLl.i em F. I\rac bey, Si dhey J. Giesecke, Bertram E~ COlGman, 7lUGf30ll L. Pendleton, J umes D., RMA Fo r shey , ired 1.7. r:alters, harvey H., mu. I,i;cnr , Jarne s H. Koontz, Leonidas L;, 8VA Ford, B~rnard B .. Borum, Fred S., Bax t er , Maxwell Scott, Grant E., RMA Bell, Cecil K. Slattery, ?rank E" meA Carberry, James P., Zipse, Arthur E. Colmery, Harry 1.7. Sanborne, Paul F;, R,l'Ul. Davis, Richard E. Price, Har-Low R; , m'I'A Mc Borrow, William r. Bijur, Harry, f1t:A HopkL1S , . Mark Merriman, Frederick Eisenchimel, Milton C. Lewis, Tracy H. Nutt, Clifford C.; ruAA Hilliard, TIalter B•. Csrr, '7ayne J,~. I'i~c Cormick, Cyrus E. Jr • .r. Df;€i've s,~dwil1. P. C'Velveny, stuart liiit~rj., fra:nci s H. I m~A T' ' •.,ib", ""T'11' ,,,. ru"J' Vumby, Earle 1\11.. u':":'lv,',,:l~,:l8!n ..J., '.. \. Rockford, James L, Jones, Edward D., PJ,IA Rowlus, Edgar S~ Jeffries iSimeon J, Jr.,RIJIA Hc,"'kG, Harol-d PI Birkett f t'ioward, ru'lIA Davis, 16lton;i, Bunnen, MirOn ,/' 081053

Anderson, 1ilal.Lp;;e A. Chrysti e, EdYJard P, Hall, Frank L. B1~ookst Martin V. B, 33rgbom, Charles E. Anderson, Albert E. . 3curgoine, Joseph John Dean, f;i Ll.i am ~.

Harlo111J I Leo M. Downs) Frederick ~. Blackburn, Ernest W. Jacobs, 1.tilliZ'J'l'l F. I'lac Neill, Homer C. Fenech, Francis E. :ioche, Felix R, Halsted, J~~es E. Si;lJpSOn, Jesse '''" RMA [avis, John E., ~A Pfau, George H, . Culp, Alexander B. Merrell, Cyrus, \If" Ball. DeShields, Ch,,;rles B., ?cMA Lod gc , Welline liT., fiA1A Gilman, Arthur R" PMA Allen, Albert D., ~JA Cl&rkson, ?cubert C. Jr. .r'.shwell, George C. Clark, Clifton 'IT • Kans , Clarence P. Brown, Harry D., mSA Benham, Reid F., WJA Bentley, Frank H., HMA Armstrong, John F. Schroeder, Wainwright Thomas, George K. Me Par land , Norman D. Downs, Wilbur H. lVeJ.sh, Floyd E .• , fJAA McLaughlin, Albert J. Billups, Val r(,., :R!i1A Moon, Charles Iv!., ThY/\. Roberts, Carroll h., RMA 1~ryman, Everett L. Har-r eLl , S~.:unuolC., RMA Barrett, Clement J. Buckmaster, Samu oL A., RMA O'Brien, I!:atthew H., RMiI. , Curt~s, Tobin S., miliA Trevellyan, Vernon B., ru~A Lamborn, Charles VI q RMA Marriner, Alfred W. Oh ember-Li n , iilorgan G. Kelleher, Melvin B., PMA Duke, Jack E, Jr., ffi~A Meany, John 1;1., RMA

I Five army airplanes are on the way in a trans-continental flight having left Rockwell Field, San Diego, California, on December ib, bound for El Paso, Texas. The f Laght is under the command of Major Albert D Smith J.M,A,t now in charge of training at Ro ckv-e Ll, F'i eLd , His request that if his planes reach El Paso on time they be allowed to continue to the East and complete a trans-continental flight has been granted by r(ajor General Kenly, Director of Military Aeronautics. If comple+-ed this will bo the first military cross continent flight in formation in history and officers are watching its progress with great interest.

After leaving El Paso it is expected that tho planos will stop at

Kelly Fi old, San Antoni 0 I Texas; EllingO~on Fi eld, Houston, Texas; Ctll1lp Taylor, Monti:,omery,Alabama; Souther Field, l1.Plericus, Georgirl; Dorr Field, Arc ad i,<;1, Florida, thus com)leting t:16 fli:.sht from the Pac i f'Lc to the Atlantic.

The resignation of Hc..jor John H. Packard as Officer in Char-ge of the Aeronautical Information Branch was announced this week. L':ajor Packar-d returns to his home in Philadelphia to re3ume his business. Major Packard was presented '''i th a monogrammed gold and si Lver' cigarette case by the civilian and military members of the Information Branch...... Q, 0, I « .1Il w W ., I W '-- n:: I~ I I- m w DATE 'r ,." .- " I~ ~j - 0.. L'.' > l/)\~to ",..'~ ""7 Z 0 :J '1 081084

WARDE?AR'nri':;NT Air Service Division of Military Aeronautics l'Tashington, D.C•

vVEEKLYNE1,'IS LET'rER- 'ilEEK ~IJDING SATURDAYDECEr.'BER14, 1918

PRODUCTIONRECORDOF AIR SERVICE

At the time the armistice was signed contr.acts had been awarded for the manufacture of 99.9S3 Dle~~ Motors of which 31,814 had been actually built, Of this number 15.131 were Liberty Motors, more than half of the original number of Liberty Motors for which contracts had been made. The first contract was subsequently raised to 51.100 Liberty ~~elves. In October 5,603 motors were turned out ~rith a contemplated production of 8,000 in January. 1919, and 10.000 a month for the following four months. Contracts alse were awarded for 10.000 Hispano-Suiza, 300 horse power motor, 8,000 Liberty eights and many other motors. Besides this, 12,000 airplanes and seven hundred kite balloons were manufactured during the same period.

These figures recently disclosed by the War Department show the strides which have been made to enable the Allies to obtain the dominancy of tse air. Had the war kept on there is no doubt in the minds of well informed officials that supremacy of the air would have f allen to the Allies in a very short time,

statistics recently made pub Li c show that up until the time the armd std-c e was signed, 38.000 machine guns of the Marlin type had been pr-oduced in addition to 30.000 of the Lewis type. These figures are interesting in view of the fact that production at the atart was negligible. Another interesting statement made was that 250 airplane compasses a week wer-e manufactured by the General Electric Company within eight weeks to meet an exigency.

The names of the concerns engaged in the manufacture of Liberty' engines and the number produced b:w each were announced. The Packard Motor Car Co. made';6.000; the Lincoln Motors Company, 6,000; Ford Motor Company, 5,000; Nordyke and Marmon 3,000;. General Motors Corporation, Buick and Cadillac Companies, 2,000 each and the Trego Motors Corporation, 500.

On the subject of spruce and linen some interesting statements were made. It was said that to the United States fell the task of supplying the spruce for the aeronautical programme of the Allies as well as its own. In'October of last year 5,000,000 feet a month was demanded while the maximum production only totaled 2,500,000 feet. In the same month of this year the requir~ents were 20,000,000 feet a month which WqS met with a production of 25,000,000, To procure this amount of spruce 30,000 men were employed in the Northwest. To supply sufficient quantity cotton fabric as a substitute for Irish linen, 2,500 looms were manufacturing 1,200,000 yards a month when the armistice was signed. Up to that date more than 13,000,000 yards of fabric had been deli vered to the go vernment •

"Promotion of Reserve Officers to continue" says Bal.e r , In an. intarv~~. granted to newspapermen recently, Secfy of War Baker outlined the War Departments policy as affecting promotions and appointments of officers, as .'f o Llows ;

"The order prohi bi ting promotions and appointments to commissions found ~1 a great many men who wer-e in process of preparing for a commissioned service \:::::J in the training schools, andi a substantial number of officers who, having m~~ \ good in the particular grade in'which they were serving, had been recommendW ~ for higher grades, their papers being in the process of passing through The ~.. Ad;<~t;nt General's' office when pr-omotd.one were suspended. "'-- ),~ ~

/:2 - B/-/ J I.~~ -2- OSl084

"The policy of the Department with r-egard to these cases is to let the men who were in training for commissions complete their training course if they desire, and on their graduation from the schools to commission them in the reserve with the grad e attained in the school, if they want it. I n those cases of men in the service who ~ave been recommended and approved for promotion, the policy, so far as it is possible to carry it out, is to give them on going out a commission in the grade to which ihey have been recommended, so that if a man is a lieutenant and has been recommendeD and approved to be captain, if he wants a reserve commission he wi Ll, receive a captain's reserve commission, and if he should be called back into the service he will le called back as a captain.

liThe obj ect of the Department is to allow no man to lose rank by reason ;;of the signing of the armistice, if he had in fact matured for the new rank. If he was in the process of maturing, we want to continue, so far as ppssible. to give him the opportunity to win the new rank ."

RECENT AERO STATISTICS SHOW GROrrTH OF SERVICE

In a letter from Secretary of War Baker dated November 20th. General Pershing stated that a totaQ number of 4.045 pursuit, obse:t:vatd on and bombing airplanes were in use at the front. Of this number, the letter added. 2,6'76 were obtained from France, the others from the United States.

Up to Nov. 23d of this year, a.933 reserve military aviators have been trained in the United states. The attendance at treat time at R. M. A. schools was 1620, and the graduates of advanced schools numbered 3.535; the total number of ground school graduates admitted ~o flying instructions was 22,658. The number of fliers, including pilots and observers, who were trained abroad, up to Nov. 6. 1918, Was approximately 2,300.

Total mechanics trained at American schools up to November 15th was 14,176. On November 25th the total strength of the Air Service was 161,559 officers and men. It will thus be seen that the A~r- Service was larger than the entire United States Army at the beginning of the war.

The development of military aviation has required the establishment of 40 army flying training schools, 5 schools of military aeronautics, 8 balloon schools, 3 radio schools, 3 photographic schools, and 14 air depots.

RESERVE OFFICERS TO BE PE:.RMITTEDTO FLY EACH YEAR

Officers of the Air Service, Aeronautics) who remain in the Reserve Corps following their discharge from the regular service) will be permitted to fly Army planes even after their release from active duty. This information is of special interest to the j~my pilots now leaving the service, as moat of them had expected that they would have to give up flying or bUy a plane. Although some. thing like air livery planes are foreseen in the near future, the present cost of a plane is equal to the price of the most expensive English or French automobile, a price prohibitive to most flyers, mld even though an expert pilot might be able to arrange for a II jaza'' flight in some ship capable of fifty or si»Xymiles an hour, if he had been accustomed to flying planes doing from 90 to :135 miles an hour, it would be tame sport for him and of little attraction.

According to present plans, reserve officers of the Air Ser v i.ce, Military Aeronautics) will be called to flying fields for active duty for a period oot to ex~eed two weeks each year. There pilots who have not flown for some time, would be sent up, first) under an instru~tor in order to demonstrate their ability to handle a ship. After the dual control flight they would be permitted "to fly solo during their period of training service. In the event of another emergency, these flyers would immediately be taken into the service again as commissioned officers wi thout further training or instruction. -3- OSl084

REPORTOF THANS.CONTINENTALMJiP-M.AKINGTOUR

In a wire report dated Tucson, Arizona, December 6th, to the Division of Military Aeronautics, Major Albert D. Smith, commanding the squadron of five planes on the way East from Rockwell Field, San Diego, Cu.lifornia, said that the"' work of map making and loc.ation of landing fields f or the Southern trans,.continetl.t .. al air route was proceeding satisfactorily. One plane was lost in a fog over the"'\ Arizona desert on the first day ~ut and in the forced landing that resulted, this ( plane suffered such damages that it had to put back to Rockwell Field. Part of 'j Major Smith's report follows:

"In compliance with instructions five IN. 4 H. planes departed from North I sland at 2: 30 P. M. on December 4th. One plane became separated from the squadron on account of a heavy desert fog lying low along the East side of the mountain range. This plane was forced to land at Ellentro, damages resulting, and the f allowing morning it returned to San Diego. The four other planes landed 'at Calexico, Camp Beacon. This field is considered too small for practical uses but the Calexico ohamher of Commerce will gladly enlarge the field if requested. The four planes proceeded on thei'r way, starting from calexic 0 at 12:00 noon December 5th. Navigated by compas s, the squadron cro.ssed the desert. No possible landing fields were seen on this course.

"The squadron picked up the Southern Pacific railroad tracks at Yuma. No landing field available this place at the pr-esent time, although one can be arranged. Following the Southern Pacific to Gilabend few available landing fields were noted on this course. At Gilabend the squadron left the route of the Southern Pacific and took a North Eastern course by compass direct to Phoenix. Landing fields are available along the Gila River for nearly the entire distance betweeni.Gilabend and Phoenix. All the planes landed at Phoenix safely on the fair grounds, which was snall even for. a squadron of this size, However, at my reque st the fieldon the ground was enlarged to proper si ze , The city of Phoenix is very anxious to assist in every possible way, even to the extent of erecting a. hangar if needed. The city of Phoenix has asked that the landing field here be named "Luke Field".

"Upon examining planes here it was found necessary to change one propeller, which we were able to do, having carried two extras along with us. Minor adjustments were also ma.de on other planes.

If On the sixth the weather was cloudy the entire 'day wi th light showers.

"Leaving at 2; 45 P. M., December'. 7th, the squadr on , resuming its flight towards El Paso, took a Southeastern course by compass, locating suitable landing fields under us for practically the entire distance to the Southern Pacific railroad tracks at Casasgx'and" From this point the squadron followed the Southern Pacific tracks to Tucson, locating landing fields in the valley adjacent to the railroad for the entire distance.

"Tucson has a perfect landing field available. 200 acres are leveled and rolled for our use and the city is Y'il~"ing to erect a hangar. This field is 2t niles from the city.

"We will probably land at Deming, NewI-lexico for supplies, having encountered ~ twenty-five mile wlnd from the East since leaving Calexico."

AERIALCONTESTf:i

One of the functions of the Air Service Clubs' Association is to encourage ~ontests in the air, both for heavier .. and lighter-than-air craft, among the fliers of the Air Service, by the award of prizes for meritorious flights and acht evemerrt s ,

It is probable that an homologation cornmi t t ee , whi ch w.i Ll, witness and pass lPOl1 aeronautical test~, flii:,:hts and achievements for official record, wi.Ll, also be luthorized, by the Associatio~ This cmnmittee ~ill undoubtedly consider aertinauti~ al achievements outside the service if its ooservation is desired. -4- OS1084

AIR SERVICE

The following organizations have been assigned to early convoy according to an announcement made on December 9th, by General Peyton D. ~rch.

14lst Anti-Aircraft Machine Gun Battalion, 26 officers and 753 men;

loth Anti-Aircraft sector Headquarters 3 o f f Lc e r-s ;

6th battery 2 officers 63 men ; .

7th battery 2 officers 61 me n;

'8th battery 2 officers 60 men;

9th battery 2 officers 62 men; I

The deve Lopnerrt of voice control of airplanes in flight recently demonstrated publicly for the first time by Colonel C.C. Culver before President Wilson and others, provides an interesting story. The idea of giving command by voice to ,a fleet in the air was first conceived by Colonel Reesand Colonel Culver -i~~ October 1910 while on duty at the International Aviation Tournament at B~t t Park. In August, of the same year, Colonel Culver and H. M. Horton, (now Cc:~ptainin the Air Service) established communication by radio telegraph from an airplane in flight to the ground at an aeronautical meet at Sheepshead Bay, New York. Captain Horton built the transmitting set and Colonel Culver the receiving set.

{/Five years later G~1onel Culver was sent to the Aviation School, San Diego, C2lifornia, for the purpose of studying the practicability, and for the purpose of working on the general program, of radio for airplanes. For more than a ye8..r he worked on various devices. Telegraph apparatus was designed and built which enabled the establishment of cow~unication from airplane to ground, from distances up to 140 miles. On September 2, 1916, a message was trctnsmitted from one airplane to another in flight for the first time. It was about this time that tlle development of radio telegraph set for airplanes was undertaken.

{'COlonel Culver continued his experimenting and in February, 1917 I ~ trial of the radio telephone set resulted in the transmission of the human voice from airplane to ground. On May 22nd. of the S~le year, General George O. Squier, Chief Signal Officer, called into conference Colonel Rees of the Royal Flying Corps. Dr. F. B. Jewett of the Vre~tern Electric Company and Colonel C.C. Culver, U. S. A'I for the purpose of which was to discuss Air Radio Telephone Ccmmunic~tion. In order to bring the problems in connection with the development of voice control in concrete form to the attention of the radio telephone engineers in the country, a memorandum was given to Dr. Jewett covering the general requirements of an alr Radio Telephone Set. General Squier then organized a Radio Development Section of the Signal Cerps in charge of Lt. Colonel Slaughter. A private exhibition of the demonstration of telephonic communication from an airplane in flight was given on Au.gust 22nd, before Secretary of War Eaker and Chief of Staff General Hugh L. Scott at Langley Field, Va. In the Fall of the same year Colonel Culver was sent abroad taking with him sets of various types of apparatus, in order to demonstrate to the officers of the U. S. and allied forces the practicability of the idea. On the return of Colonel Culver to the United states in the present year, under the immediate supervision and with the whole-hearted support of Major General Wm. L. Kenly, pirector of Military Aeronautics. there has been continuous progre~ made in the:working out of tactical problems through the use of the wireless telephone and the development of it. a¥plication to various air service activities. J~ OSl084

In his annual report Secretary of Navy .Iosephus Daniels pays h i gh tribute to the Aviation Lr-anch of the Navy. 'The expans i nn of Nava L Aviation ~t is stated has been of gratifying proportion z.nd effectiveness. Statistics show the total enlisted and e cmmisal oned personnel on .Iu Ly Lst , 191'8, numbered approximately 30,000 •. Of th5.s number, 823 wer-e t,~ained navaL ava a't.or s, There were 2052 student o f f'Lcer s , 1:100 ground officer:", 7,300::'rained mechanics; and 5,400 mechanics in trainL1g.

Declaring that Naval Aircraft had been a big factor in the war, Sec~etary Dani eLs in his report declares tr,at p Lans are being made Lor its p ermanency and development. The Secretary ~:1aid tribute to tlile Ordnance Bur eau of the l!c::'wis Nonr ec ed I Aircraft Gun, which is declared to be itA Great M:i.les-t.one in Aircraft Armament ."

The recent anno unc emsrrt that 8. 4- engi ne Hr.nd Ley-Page airplane has made a trip over London with forty pas se nger-e , among wh om i¥;8re ten women, takes us one step further in the sub j ect of aer La.L paae enger tr8:::1Sport .

.Following this a cc ompLiahad fact, it is learned through official British sources that a passenger r o.rt.e has been p Lanr.ed from London to Paris. The conveyance is to be a mouern bomber, one of the DB mach ine s manu f ac t ur ed by the .Briti sh and Golonial Air craft Factory. 'l'he trip viill t ake two and a half hours. The airplane will leave tl:e c.er-o dr-ome at Hendon,' near Lo nd on , at 10: 30 in the morning and wi Ll, r-each the Par-Le aer odr on,e cot 1 :00 P.M. The airplane f ar e will be fifteen guineas •

.A pas s enger route from Lo ndon to Paris. Something new~ Not. at all. It has been done ovor and over again dura r-g the past four years of 'Nor I with J.ess regular- ity to be sure t.lan a passenger time-table shows end without the char-go of fiftoen guineas, but the 'unrle'~taki;1S and i.t s :;;rocedLlre and 1ts result shave been nr-ac tLca Lly tte same. The pa s s enge r servico in time of pe ac e means merely app Ly i ng the ncrma l conditions whrt has already been done in the military service. TJ:',e question becomes one of routes made pr act.ac ab Le by sui t2.Q lelonding fields, of mucrri nee large enough and comfortable enough to car-ry a suf' f'Lci.en t, number of .liCJ.ssangers to mak e -the pr-op osito.on a paying, 0110, and of a preliminary charting of air channels 01' routes to supp Ly 'che i.nformation ue ce s sar-y for a nava ga't.or ,

The air tr:Lp from j:';'igland to Kgy:p.t Las be en made, not as a Jspec t.ac uIar- per f ormanc e but in tte cour-se of or da nai-y routine. 'I'he di13tance as the plane flies is over 2,000 miles. The mach i ne used was an ordinary service ma cni.ne of the ROydl Air Force. It c ar r i.ed s eve r a.l of :ficers and tyro me cr arri cs ,

About a ye ar 3.g0 a non-stop fli:;Lt was made from London to Rome. This was 00n8 'in an Itd.Han p Larie I and since tLen a ha.:1dley.Pag0 hat) r epe at ed the performance.

Plans are well underway in Eflgla.nd to es't ab.dsh a cr-os a-Oha nne L p as s enger- service to Ireland. TLis r-out e and the London-Paris r out e ':rill remonstrate the ad vant agee of ad.r-p Lane tn,'iel o ver '.i:~lat wo uLd o t.hs rwdse be a nixed :"and and water trip by car and boat. Sncll cha.ngss of conveyance mean loss of -l;ime, )erfional i~o,onvenj;.ence, and adrted cost wher e f r-eigh t, express, or b;ag?,;o.;::;8is a nve Lved , All of these Lnc onveru.enc es c ou Ld be ooli tel:d.t()d~)y the aa r r out e ,

Obva ous Ly , the ai.rp Lane sh cr-tono d i stcnce , sho r-t eus time, obliterates mountains, forests, deserts, swcmpe, Si3:')s.rc1.tin~; wat er s , and all similar obstruc .. tiona OT delays in tl~8,V81in~ over t>8 eccrth':~ t,urLlce. Perhaps one of the most striki:1g examp Les of +,;,ii1 o ccur-r-ed el. or-t.Ly aft er tfiS Armistice was sigped, wh en it was neeessary for the British Cener a.l, at ~30iiu. to reach Salo:nica to receive and .::i.gn certain impor"~antiJC.~pers. bc/c''VGent11':38e t,'iO )lace8 lay the rock-ribbed 1110Ul1taillGof tilt'; 3ulgal~ian and If,ace:loni,,',n lands. Ordinarily the journey would ;:[ne takr:Hl two (12,Y8. B~' ai r-pLane it t.o ck just two ho ur-e, -6- 081034

~10W) at t]1e close r: tLe Wa~o, ~.'8 ~:l.r!r1our' ,.c.~r,jJ.dne ';';:lC;"v\ut:-y :CL,rwing at almost its maximum efficiencYi and ever- a.id c~gain '~r-e Question is ",sked) What are we to do wi th all thiG out.put of p Lane s , eng.i ne e , and gr-cunc equipment? w~.th all thi s force so car-e f uLLy trained on J';{18 moc.i 'Lic,;.l side? '.i tr, ,,11 Lhe pilots) aer-i a.L observors, photograph .r s , b.-,10 ot.l.er spec i a Lxat s , '''hop) the Gov':3rnment hew been at such expens e to ed •.icat.e and mai rrt.aan in its ex't ensi ve vrar- pro&rarn? Is the effort put forth so far .. 0 be af.Lovred to go to waste) 3.ildche Air Service establishment to dwi.nd l.e , wh i Le 'the courrt r-i.es of Europe are t.ur-m ng .the necessi ties of war into the ad vantages of peace? It stands to r-eason that vte must Q,uild upon what we lose a.Lr eady dor.e , Ens:U.sh aer cnaut s are a Lready wr-i tine; volumes in which app e ar cot'.s)ic,-,ously r;u~h capt::'O!'Hl as "Grec.t T'ritain j'/Iistress of Air and Sea" J and L1 wh i.ch cnapt er-a are devoted to tho future commer-c i aL development of all kinds of a'i r cr ef t ,

r.tore than a y ea r and a half f-l30 t til". G. HoLt Thomas) one 0 f the fonnost aircraft manufacturers in Engla~d, in an addre8s b~fore the Aeronautical Society of Great Bri tc:,.in) estimated the c'ommer-cd.al, possibilities of the airplane fo l' passengor, mail) Find expr-e e s t.r enspcr-t , his figures) he said, e.Ll.owa ng for tho increasing speed of new trpes of 1J 18.':1e8, n:ight well be cut in half "rithin a sh or-t time. Even then he found passa:~.;.:;er and mail trips from London to T,Iarseilles and from London to Co ns t an t i.nr ..ple or l/oscow) wh oI Ly p ro f'd.t ab Le at a penny per ounce for mail for the sh or t or trilJ and c't t1:7o.:..anc;-a..half pence for' the longer, and a p e.ss enge r faro to~.1E,rs)iL.es of t'3d p cund s , 01' Le s s -U~al1 ~50, 8,11d to ConstentinDple or f'oscow of twenty-five pOUDd,3) 01' less them \?75. Allowing Lor t.he great re- r1uction in tirne on a matt.ar of ur,,,;ent busa.ue s s , this might well be regarded as a cons i der-ab Le reduction in expense. ;'Te wny fi~jUr3 t.he )os3itili ties of such service by the ana.l ogy that VI'. Th()Y:'u.Gsut;ges~s. he r emands us of the Pony Post in Pmerica when letters w er-o car-ri od 2,000 nu Le s Ln Gip),t days at a cost of $5 8. letter. The great t.nunk lines of the '''eft cnc: th

For passenger service, unc:culJiedly thu Zeppalin is t11e m os t profitable form of.aircraft, Briteill hELs0een co')yin:s SOr.16 of tb3 Cerman types) one. of which) 650 feet long, with 5 en.ri.n es var.d G. crew of 30) c ar r ie s 4.5tOtlS of cargo and 100 passengers. Out own ArJilY balloon ser va oe is taking up agrri.n t;-l~; development of t.he dirigible) which was sus.iend ed at t lie beginning of tho war to give the llavy pr-ef er enc e in the limited o ut.pirt of ":'his type of c r-af t , TLere sc ems to be no r e r.ecn why tLe work on tLe dir:.git:le should not '..Ie continued. It is feasible for .11any . commor-o i e.l, uses.

Doubtless) for many years t he aar-pLr.ne will be for pr i,vH.te US8 on a par wi t~l t.l.e rich man's yacht) at lease in resions of dense )OlH1ltl":.ion. But why c an it not be used .. to adv arrt.age in the gr-eat at.r et.ches of the Mic:.dle 17est and South, by r-anch ownor s , and l'~'hm,.t cronen;) and co-tton p Larrt er sj It is e a syrt o se e the advant.agee of quick t.r ave L'a n theue cases) and ground ac ccmmodat i on could be easily arra':1gerl for.

for coas t and geodetic surv ey ; for COnf:ferV2,'c::..onandre'clcJi'ation e spe c.ia.Ll.y in detennining irrigation,cnd:j.in n.app.cng n6'\I' and donuced fO:~6St trs.cts) the Government will have ample use for ai.r-p Lane s .1'0 tLis Cal, b8c.6der: A':'askan --\-' 'exploration, which is not yet compLet.ed , Few sui-veys could 'us r.;c~deand old surveys checked up by thi s n.eans , Only a snort tll'!8 ago tr>3 ]-~JxJaiia).1Air Service Station, in Pearl Harbor r epor-t ed tl,Stt "~Le aerie':. p~'.otogr';'ljh3 t aken there had r e- ve a.Led errors in the orj.siual sur-vey of the I 81 .ind of Oahu and '.'icin1 ty.

It has al re ady 008n arr-anged to utilize aa r-cr af b in coast and 'corder patrol. in connection with lire t'2l.VL1G; stLtions, sc'.lvage '''TOrk'ht sea) and rae t eor oLoga.ce.L eur vey j and the p os ai.b Le ua e f'u Lnes s 0f c.i:rJ.jla.ne surveillance :i.:1. connection wi tIl customs duties and smugr;li:1g on t.l.e bor-der Lane s is unda spu t ed .

, The Police Deparirihut of :'0'7 York City iW.S recently est aoIa.shed an Av.iati, on Section for ser vi.c e in p. trolli;'l;~ the Hew Yor l; water front and harbor and for us e L'l such emergencies as c:,.lflagra'cionS end, riots. Hot long ago, in r unru ng down i:~ 'l'exas out Lav, t11e ai r-p Lane s from one of our flyinifl fields were called upon to asaist the local police. PoEGe airplanes in ruralchstricts could do part of t ne OS1084

'l:ork new u.l.!"'ied on uy Eitste co,"';~c'()J.j.:;:::"e~> :,I,U. Houl', o e 0, pl:Lr't.icular aerva c e im mountainous regions or dist:cicts c r-os seo by numenc us str eems ,

'Nhat U~38 the }1':i.::-o Depart.,i8ut car, fi,nti ill airpla 16 service has already been demonstrated b.t the Jill.eSf)j.e ;':[;e11 Plant. f i.r e in Ne r Jersey f Had the same observation been car-r-z.e d on at the time of AdironUac : and other forest fires, and the r ec errt conflagration i.n nL,rtj;ernWiscotlsin, w.. might have saved a large propontion of ve.Luab Le timb er- La nd ,

Ambulanc;:e service by airplane has so far been '-;'nf i.ned to the uses of the flying fields, but again what possibilities it pr-ea- ert s for coast and rural districts.

Our air service statious have been co oper-ati.n; , for some time past, with the 1'!eather Bureau in making me t eer-oLogi ca L observati ens by both balloon and airplane and have be gun a sYistematic cnar ti ng of ins iir and of air routes. which will give valuable data to the Weat!18l" Bureau .

• P ,\CH'X(' AEROCLUB San Fre'J,(:16~l~

DBcember 6. 1918

S,ecretary, Air Service Clubs I Assn •• Office of Director, Military Ae i-onautd cs , 1"Tashington, D • C.

Dear Sir:-

Replying to yours of Nov ember 30th~ beg to advise that Pacific Aero Club officially acknowledges its afhliation with the Air Ser' ice Clubs' Association.

We heartily indorso t~1e ~.Ciea of an Homologation C< l1mittee to investigate and 'certify to reoords mqde by Aircraft, and in this com ection, would like to suggest that !vIr. Frederick Porter, Chairman of the Aer onr utical Map & Landing Place e Committee of this or-gan.izata on , be appoa.nt ed as OJficia1 Observer for your Association here in Sun Francisco, whoso duties WOt Id be to koep official records of the time of the take off and return landings (f Aircraft leaving or arri vi.ng here, same to be imr.l.tL;diately f orwai-ded to the A: r Service Clubs' Association. .

Very trul:.r yo' .rs,

PACIFIC AE':O CLUB.

CHAS. F ~P-::O:,;,.N:=D:,;,.'~:--~:-:"'_-:--_ Rear Admiral, U.S.j~. Pr-oai derrt .

Membership in A.S.C.A.

Trle Secretary of t,he Air Service Clubs' ,~Gsociation c e.LLs at.t.errt Lon to the fact that the payment of ten dollars (',\.La .00) • made upor, appli.cation for membership, includes both initiation fee and dues for the initial year. At the eJlipira- tion of the year, each member pays three dollar.s n~3.00) annu.a1Jtto the l~ssoci6." tion, unless he be a member of a local dub as exp Lai ned in Article X, Constitu- tion' and on the back of the ap)lication blanks.

The membership of the "~ssociation now numbers 802. A recent letter from Mather Field br i nge a list of fifteen new members. The action of the Pacific Aero Club, taken in connection with its aseo ci at i oes wi t.h the j~.S.C.A., is printed in this week'S News - letter. -8- 051084

The resignation of Major John H. Packard, A. S. A. and his departure f r cm Washington, resulted in the appointment of Captain "SarI N. Findley, as acting Secretary of the Association.

A big drive for membership in the A.S .C.A. is on at Kelly FJeld under the direction of Iv:ajor S. S. Hanks, R,M.A. chaimman of the Association activities at Kelly. Majol' Hunks points out the necessity of quick action in Order. to get the officers in before tLey leave the Service and scatter allover the United states. The functions of the Ausoc.i atd cn will not only keep its members in touch with each other but advlsed as to a11 aerial activities.

GEnERALKENLY'SREPORT

The selection of men for training as flyers was a complicated task, as the requirements wer e necessarily rigid. 'Volunteer examining boards of the m.gn es; medical skill were organized Allover the country, 36 urban and 30 divisional bo ar ds , and a tot.al of 38.777 men were examinad to June 2, of whomnearly half, or 18",004, were da squa.Ll f i.ed , This naturally led to a high grade of personnel, and made the later training both more rapid and more efficient.

The first step in instruction 11'J2S atone of the new "gnound" .s cho oLs opened on May 21 at t.heMasaac hu set.t.e Ins t~l.tutlO.of Technolugy I Corndl and "Ohio state Universities and the Uni versi ties of Illinois,Texas, and California, with Princeton and the Georgia Schl"Jol of 'I'echno l ogy added .July 5. Here, in eight weeks, under military di sca pLi ne , the cadets were grounded in all the elements of .c, aviation at a cost to tile Government at f'irst of $65 per pupil, and later ~10 each for the first f'ourv.weeks , and $5 w eekLy thereafter. By June 30, 1918. a totil of 11,539 men were "graduated to the flying fields and 3,129 were discharged for fai lure in studi es, etc.

Next came the actual flying instruction, divided into two phases, primary and advanced. The former averaged about eight weeks, included ability to execute the stmpLer; evolutions and cross country flights, and led to an officer's commission and the right to wear the Reserve Military Aviator's Wings. To June 30, 1918, 4,980 men had' been graduated as Eeserve Military Aviators for final training, and about 400 had been disqualified as ancapab Le oJ becoming flliers.

The advanced .training, however , presented irfinitely more difficulties. It was not nearly so simple to'te2ch the more complex stunts, formation flying, aerial machine gunnery, bombing, and nighi; flying, whi Le at the aane time the highly specialized equipment necessary nequa r-ed considerable time for manuf as't ur-e , Never-bheLes s , advanced schools of the three types necessary were opened toward the .end of the year ::c.918, with.wLat equipment was availablLe, and had graduated 110 bomber s , 85 bombing pilots, 464 observers, 389 observer pilots, and 131 pursuit pilots by June 30, 1918.

The 'ideal arrangement in mind at the end of the year was to train each pa-Lot completely on this side of the ocean, where facilities are very good, supplies in abund anc e , and information and expe r i enced pilots from the front ava.i lable in ever-d nor ea sang numbers. The fliers can then be or-gani,zed into provisi onaL -9- 051084 squadrons and wings and given trairting as large units with their own administrative offioers and enlisted personnel' so that they will be able to go immediately -to -th~ front, after arncrrth or so of transformation work in France, learning geography and familiari zing themselves VIith new types of planes #

The whole training program was considerably held up by lack of equipment. Obviously it required far less time to select men for training than to build the fields, planes, and accessories necessary to train them. Primary training planes, the only type manufactured here before the war, soon become available in increasing numbers, till by the end of tlle year more were on band than needed. The, advanced training planes, however, pr-es ent.ed problems whohl.y new to this country, ' so that primary planes had to be fitted with more p~werful engines and equipment

and made to serve the purpose r- The first 16 e::.ngle~Beater pursuit planes were not delivered till January, 1918) the first bombers till March, and the first gunnery late in ~Lay.

During-this fiscal year a grand total of 40fT 1,999 hours were flown by Army aviators in the United states, as contrasted with 745.5 hours in 1914 and 1,269 in 1915. In the single week ending June 30, 1918, a total of 19,560 hOUIlSwere flown, or 15 times, for that single week"the nember for the whole year three years

before, This, at 75 miles an hcur, is eq~ivalent to over 3°1°00,000 miles, or 1,223 times around the Equatol'.

During it there were 152 fatalities) or 2,6,84 Eying hours and 201,000 miles flown to each death. Of these, 86 were daused by stalls, when the plane, usually through Some error by the pilot, lost its flying speed and dropped into a straight nose dive or turned into a t aa L spi.n, from which the pilot did not have the time or the skill to ext.r-Lc at e it, CoL'Li si.ons were responsi tie for 30 other accidents, often due to failure to fly according to the rules. Side~slipsJ the only other large cause of accidents, resulied in 10 deaths.

',' Regrettable as these accidants are, it is felt that, considering the newness of the science, the early state of devel.opmen t of the pianes , the inexperience in instruction, and the necessity of teaching stunts in themselves rather dangerous, this number is not large. As a matt er of ac tual. statistics, fatalities in American training are less than h&.~f as large as those of the other allied countries.

Be~ide~ flyers, however, engineet' offi6ers to direct the ~pkeep of the equipment, supply of f i.cer s to keep suffiCient equa pn ent on hand, and adj utants to keep the record~ and do other military work as we!l as specialists on balloon, armament and gunnery, radio and photographic work had to be e:apecially trained.

What facilities were available greatly advanced tmerica's aerial preparation and helped relieve the shortage of equipment here. It was early in May, 1918, however, over a year after Ame:,ica's entry into the war, that the first German plane fell viotim to an aViator in the ;~erican service. About the same time •

468 fully trained American aviators organize.d into 13 complete American \ j aquadtons ~rbribades with British and French squadrons were actually on the ~ front, taking increasing to 11 of the enemy. 7 081084

Edi tors of all field news.papers 'are requested to insert the fo llowing:

"When enuneeat.i ng accidents in the weekly report from the fields to tht? Director of Military Aeronautics, the- Aeronautical Information Officer should make it a special point to gi~e the type of airplane and its number. This has been done in many cases, but it has bean noted in some Lns't anc ee that the number of the ship has been omitted, and the records of the Aeronautica.l In'formation Branch should contain thi s information pertaining to ac cidents ..If

It is requested that the above be incorporated in your weekly news letter.

E. N. FIfJDLEY, Captain I A.S.A.

A portrait of Mu.jor General W. L. Kenly, Director of Military Aeronautics, is being painted by :Jergeant Lawson Adems Jr 0 I stationed in the D.M .A••,whose work both here and abroad as an ar t.i sc is well known. Sergeant lJ.dams has recently completed a ccmvas depicting greater New York as seen fro~ an airplane. It is expected thaJt the j)oI'trait will be exhibited to the public in the near future.

December 12, 1918

An increase in the flying accidents on the tranning fields in this country since the signing of the armistice has caused the issuance of an order from the Division of Military Aeronautics to be sent to all fields to put a stop to the low flying ad acrobatics that have been carried on during celebrations in the vicinity 0; cities, towns and b~ildings. Commanding officers have been instructed to take the most stringent metho1s in carrying the order out. Pi lots who f ail to comply wi 11 not only be "grounded" but restricted to the limits of the reservation. In the case of regular army officers court martial is recommended; in the case of all other o:ficers proceedings with a view to their discharge from the service. The order adds that the recent increase in accidents must have been the -result-of in- discriminate flying and failure to observe even the cammon rules of flying" All acrobatic flying hereafter must, according to this order, be finished at an altitude not lower than 1500 feet. u lLl II v'X~ slfl- 051119

'," ''-"Vol. I. D. M. A. WEE K L Y N 3 ~'J S LE T '£ E ,R . No. 14. ,;-'..------.----- ..------...----_.~

Air Service. Washington J D..c. War Departmer4. December 21, 1918 ------.------~------:-

MAP AIR ROUTE '<, ,\-- .... \ Fi ve two seated training planes have just returned to Langley Field. .} Virginia, after having mapped out a course along the Eastern slope, of the . i Appalachian range to Columbia, South Carolina to link into the Southern trans- \ ~ntinental air route now being charted by squadrons of plan~s working both East \ arid '''lest from fields South of the Ohio K:ti.ver. The total flying time of these plane~ from Langley Field South to Columbia was five hours and two minutes and the flying \ time !~orth .0ver ..the. same route was four hour-s and ,thirty minutes. The distance. in Jr, . an air line betw~Njtwo points is roughly. 330 mi les. Columbia. South Carolina, is 225 miles from Souther Field, Americus, Geo~gia, and planes flying from Souther Field North have already mapped this course. The course from Washington, D. C. to Langley Field, Hampton has also been charted. Therefore when the planes flying, from the West have reached AmeriCUS, Georgia, one trans-continental air route wilV-. have bean charted and ready for flight from VTashington, D. C. to the Pacific Coast.

The Langley Field planes going South flew over Newport News crossing the James River just north of Nasemond River, picked up the tracks of the Seaboard Air- line Railway, five miles North of Suffolk and followed them to Franklin, Virginia. From here to Raleigh North Garolina and from Raleigh to Pinehurst, N. C. the pilots took a compass course. From Pinehurst they flew over Rockingham, Chesterfield a4d . . the Wateree R:i:ver to Camden, S. C., and from there over the. Seaboard Airline tr~,Qks again to Columbia. "

Good landing fields were found at Suffolk, Virg.ild.a, Franklin, Virg1mi~" Pinehurst, North Carolina, Camden, South Carolina and Columbia, South Carol:ina. .' The pilots reported that the ~errain between Franklin and Rale£gh was such that the pilots reported no pos,~ble sites could be located.

M~RICANBALLOONOPERATIONS

Thirteen ~erican Balloon Companies were engaged in the eper-atd on be tween r the Meuse River and the Argonne forest, w~ich began September 26, 1918, Two Fren~h Balloons took part in the early part of the action. The balloons moved to th~s front from the st. Mihiel sector an the night of September 20. The number of American balloons on the Verdun front increased from one to thinteen within twelve hours •. The Balloon companies were as follows: 1st, 2d;Sth, 3d, 4th, 9th, 42d, 6th, ?th, 8th, 12th, 11th, 43d, 39th and 93d.

, The study of the map reveals that, between "Hit hour on September 26, and ~ 11:00 o'clock on November 11, when the armistice was signed, the ftmerican Balloons i ~n the Meuse offensiYe made an aggregate advance of 425 kilometres. This estimate .. ' 1S computed by' measurement in direct line from original position to ultimate posi- .",:::ti.on; The actual road miles practically doubled the total above stated. Much of ;),tne tr~sport, moreover. was conducted by hand. - the balloon being taken over :\ open belds,through country ridden by shell holes and strewn with barbed wire. In .:ei{) s-everal instances, the balloon was transported 'l'rithout a winch for distances of ten

'~"'.,L~lornetr~s at a time. It is known that t,he balloons, in a few cases, were within '0'" .. ~'.~ .• ~~",'Jwelve hours behind the infantry in crossing No Ma..."l'sLand. .

~ The American Balloons in the Verdun Sector, between Sept. 26, and Oct. l~ . enemy planes 2071 times. Our balloons in this sector, during this ~,~ enemy shells falling 551 times. ~ f'.:\1It. r~~ , ,

-2- 051119

Durin@; the single week from Oct. 28, to j\!ov. 3, the iJnerican Balloons '~'eported enemy shells f al.l.ang 1152 times.

During the two weeks from Oct. 21" to Nov. 3, tho J,raerical1 Balloons reported enemy planes 221 times,

CONFIPJ'P.TIONS

An unusual service rendered by the Army Balloon Office ~rQS the systematic effort to secure confirrhations for the aviators 6f the pursuit groups. The success in this matter may be indicated by the fact that the balloon companies , reported enemy planes falling in flaMes or out of control 75 times. This figure compared wi th ~he fact tr:at the First Pursuit Group claimed a total of 72 victories and the Third Pursuit Group claimed a total of. 35 va c'tor-ae s indicates tl:at the balloons kept a r easoncb Ly accurate check upon the: aviation' s exploits. T;.a days of poor visibility rendered the t.ack dif!ficult, but lookouts of each com?any weEe conetantly stationed on the ground, even when the balloon was not in ascension. The appreciation of this service is expressed in the follo~ing letter:

FIRST PURSUIT GRODP AIR SERVICE A.~.F, October 14, 1918 F::-om; Commanding Officer To; Major John A. Paegelow, C.A.B.', 1st Army, A.E.F, .Subject; Appreciation to the Balloon Section for Services rendered

1. I wish to express for both myself and the pilots of thi.a group, my thanks to yourself and to the Balloon Companies under your corr~and, for the invaluable assistance which they have given us, both in conducting our operations and in obtaining confirmations of our victories.

2. ''''e realize and ap pr ee i at.e deeply the interest which you have sh.own in our wor-k; your willingness to assist the pilots in every manner possible; and your appreciation of ~heir effortt has stimulated them to better and more daring wcr-k ,

3. If in any nay the F'irst Pur sui.t Group could further cooperate wi th the Balloon Section, do not hesitate to lia1,l upon us.

H~ i!"J. HARTNEX Major, Air Service, U.S.A ••

~LOONS DESTROY:GD

~7e lost twenty-one balloons be twe en September 26, and November 11, ~'~:rj fteen of these balloons were destroyecl by enemy airplanes; six by sanemy shells; ~"Tle enemy is believed to hav e lost at least fifty balloons during the same period.

Ow:ranti-aircraft and machine-guns drove off many enemy attacks.. The Company brought, down two enemy pLane s with its machine guns in t"JO consecutive ay s , The 2nd Company brought down one p Lane ,

PARACHUTEJm,~PS

The lith Balloon 1[,lEtS attacked four times on October 6, Lst , Lt. J ,fl., ~cDe'\{itt and 2nd Lt. G.D. Armstrong each jumped -txTice. This makes a total of four jumps for Lt. McDevitt, three of which were made wi~hin the same twenty-' .4-0ur hours.

1st Lt. "'.J.R. Taylor, 6th Company and 1st Lts, B.T. Burt and J.A. Higgs 7th Conrpany have made four jumps. A total of approximately thirty parachute jumps have betn made during the present ,offensive.

\ ~--..-~- ---

-3- 051119

tst Lt. D.M.' Re eve s, a student. observer with the 7th Company \Tn.s 5.nthe air vnly four hours and made three parachute jumps. T'o70 balloons were bur-ned over his head.

1st Lt. C.J. Ross, 8th Balloon Company, was 'killed on the first day • of tho offensive. 1~Jhile conducting an adjustment of fire his balloon was attacked and burned. Lt. Ross permitted his fellow observer in the basket to jump first. Fragments of the burning balloon fell upon Lt. Ross' parachute, burning it and C ausa ng his body to crash to the ground.

2d Lt. M.D. Sapiro, 12th Company, was'i.cjurod in a fall from the baskets,

1st Lt. D.Q. Hammond, observer of the 7th Company was severely gassed while on an infonnation liaison mission in the front line.

~st Lt. S.W. Ovitt, 6th Company was struck by a fragment of high explosive gas shell.

2d Lt. J.C. Rivers and the telephone detail of the 7th Co. were subject to continuous shell fire in the neighborhood of Gesnes, during the last week of! October. One.man was seriously wounded.

The 7th Company waS bom~ed in its transport through Tailly, in the caurse of which operation two enlisted men were seriously wounded.

THE LAST ATTACK

The final and decisive attack which began November 1st and closed November 11, put to the test the morale and efficiency of the American Balloon Service. The Infantry advanced from the Bois d' Bethain~lle line to Mouson Beaumont and Sedan within seven days. The balloons f oLl.owad this advance with untiring and unceasing e ne egy • The balloons ope rated during the day and advanced ;, at night. The officers and men s~ept in the open, in cold and inclement weather, 'without shelter. This, to be sure, is only the har-dshi.pwha ch the infantry endures. The infantry, however, is relieved. These balloon companies - many of them - have been on the front, without relief and with no leaves of absence, through the Chateau-Thierry, st Mihiel and Verdun offensive. The problem of transporting a 1000 cubic meter balloon over roads which our art~~lery has wr ecked , through woods where trees overhang and endanger the cable, past traf fic which was blockaded and j arnmed,- this problem was f aced and so bved by the American Balloon Companies.

The highest tribute that can be paid to the merit and zeal of the Am..ed.c:an Balloon Compani es is corrt aa ned in the following letter from Maj or General C.F. Summerall, Com.manding General, Fifth Army Cor-ps , This letter though addressed to the balloon companies of the Fifth Corps, is expressive of the pert which the balloons of all corps took in the bringing to a successful conclusio~ crf the four year's war:

HEADQUARTERS~IFTHARMYCORPS AMERICANEXPEDITIDNARYFORCES

France 11th, November 1918

From: Commanding General, Fifth Army Corps To: Commanding or Hcer i Corps Balloon Group Subject: Commendation

1. I desire to commend the Balloon '!ring and Compamse s for their work inth e ..»reeerrt operation's, beginning November Lst , -4- 081110

2. The balloons have kept up with the advance under trying c~nditi~ns aud u.lthcu6h visibility has been difficult and sometimes impossible, t.h'JadmirabI spi;it ard readiness for duty has heen most creditable.

3. I wish the Officers and Soldiers to know their services have b~en appreciated.

C. P. SUMMERALL Major General Commanding

RETURN OF CLOTHING ~rTORNHOME BY DISCHARGED MEN

Under the prov1s1ons of army regulations a franked label is furnished to each enlisted man-upon discharge for the purpose or returning his clothing after reachinghis h:::rrre.'I'hefra.n.l(edlabelto be furnished is a War Department penalty Labe-L,

When discharged. each enlisted man will be informed that he should properly wrap and prepare his clothing for mailing, and that the penalty label, bearing the address of the Zone Supply Officer in whose zone his home is located, should be af f i.xed to t:teparcel before mailing.

CITED FOR DISTINGUISHED SERVICE

The commander in chief, in the name of the President. has awarded the distinguished-service cross to the following named officers and soldiers for the acts of extraordinary heroism de scr Lbed after their names;'

First Lieut. Thomas G. Cassady, Air Serv~ce, United States Anny, flight commander, 28th Aero Squadron, For extraordinary heroism in action near Fismes, ~[ay 29, 1918, and near Epieds, France, June 5, :h.918. On May 29, 1918, Lieut. Cassady, single handed, attacked an Lvg. German plane wmich crashed near Fismes. On June 5, 1918, as patrol leader of fi~e spades. while being attacked by 12 Ge rman T'ckker-s, he brought down one of the enemy planes near Epieds and by his dash and courage broke the enemy formation, A bronze oak leaf to be worn on the distinguishe~ service crosS is awarded for the follo~nng act of e~traordinary heroism in action; On August 15,1918, near st. Maire, while in action as protection for a SaJmson, he was attacked by seven Fokkers, two 0'[ which he brought down and enabled the Salmson to accomplish its mission and return sar eLy , Home address not given.

First Li.eut, Samuel Kaye, Jr., Air Service, 94th Aero Squadron. For extraordinary heroism in action oyer the region of Epinonville, France, September 29, 1918. While On a mission Lieut. Kaye, accompanied bW another machine piloted by Lieut. Reed~. Chambers, encountered a formation of six enemy machines (Fokker type) at an altitude of 3,OOOifeet. Despite numerical superiority of U.e enemy Liaut. Kaye and Lie~t. Chambers immediately attacked and succeeded in destroying one and forced the remaining five to retire into their own lines. A bronze. oak leaf is awarded to Lieut. Kaye for the following act of extraordinary .. neroism in action over the region of MontfC:tuconand Bantheville, France, October p-yj',1918: Lieut. Kaye encountered a. fonnation of seven enemjsma chf.nes (Fokker type). Regardless of their numerical superiority, he immediately attacked and by skillful maneuvering succeeded in separating ane enEmy plane from its formation and after a short combai shot it down in flames. Home address, Samuel Kaye,Sr. (father), 808 North Tenth street, Columbus. Miss.

First Lieut. John N. Jeffers. Air Service, 94th Aero Squadron. For extraondinary heroism in action over the region of Retagne, France. October 6, 1918. While on patrol Lieut. Jeffers en~ountered 10 enemy machines tFokker type) at an altitude of 2,000 feet. Despite numerical superiority and by a display of -5- 051119. remarkable courage and skillful maneuverdng, .he separated dne of the p Lanes from t~e formation, and after a brief. encounter drove it down in flames. Home addr-es s , M.s. C. A.Jeffers. 389 Winner street, Los Angeles, Cal.

First Lieut;t; Reed M. Chambers. Air Service, 94th Aero Squadron. For. e1traordinary heroism in action over the region of Epi.nonva Ll.e , France, Septembj:lr 29, 19:h8.. While on a mission Lieut. Chambers. accompanied by another machine . piloted by First Lieut. Samuel Kaye, Jr. ,encountered a fonnation of six enemy, machines, (Fokker type) at an altitude of 3,000 feet. Despite numerical superiori. ty of the enemy, Lieut. Chambers and Lieut. Kaye immediately attacked and succeedec Ln destroying dne and forced the remaining five to. retreat 'into their own lines, A bronze oak leaf is awarded to Lieut. Chambers for each of the following acts of extraordinary heroism in action: Near Montfaucon and Vilosnes sur Meuse) France) October 2) 1918, Lieut. Chambers, while on a mission, at an altitude of 2,000 feet, encountered an enemy two-seater (Halberstadt type). He immediately attacked, and after a brief combat succe ed era in shooting it down . Near Montfaucon and Vilosnes sur.Meuse, France. October 2) 1918, at 17.40 o'clock Lieut. Choolbers smv four enemy.machines (Fokker tYRe) attacking another American machine (Spad type). He imm~diately went to its rescue) and after a few minutes of fierce combat he succeeded in shooting down one. Home address, J. S. Chambers (father) Fort Huachuca, Ariz.

First Lieut. Joseph F. Wehner, Air Service,27th Aero Squadron. For extraordinary heroism in action near RouvIles) France, September 15, 1918. While on a mission Lieut. Wehner found an enemy patrol of eight machines attacking a. single observation machine. He immediately attacked, destroying one and forcing ano't her- down out of control, his own pLane being badly damaged by enemy machine .. gun fire. He managed to convoy the American plane to safety. A bronze oak leaf is awarded to Lieut. "Jahner for the following aclt of extraordinary heroisn in action near Mangiennes and Rieville) Yrance) September 16) 1918: Amid terrific antiaircraft and ground machine-gun fire Lieut. Wehner descended, attacked) and destroyed ~wo enemy balloonsr One of these balloons was destroyed in flames after it had been hauled to the ground and was resting in iila bed. Home address) Mrs. J. Nelson Wehner, 72 Lynn Street, ~verett, Mass.

8 First Lieut. Gardner Philip Allent Coast Artillery Corps, observer, 8th Aero Squadron. For extraordinary heroism in action near Thiaucourt, France, October 9) 1918. Liebt. Allen, observer. was with First Lieut. Edward RusseLl: Moore, pilot, took advantage of a short period of fair weather during generally unfavorable atmospheric conditions to undertake a photographic missioniliehind the Gennan lines. Acoompanied by two protecting planes, they had just commenc:ed their mission when they were attacked by eight enemy planes, which followed them throughout their course, firing at the photographic plane. Lieut. 'Moore, pilot, wiLth both flying wires, cut by bullets) a landing wire shot away, his elevators riddled with bullets, and both Wings punctus-ed , continued on the preseribed cour se , although it made him an easy target, Lieut. Allen was thus enabled in the midst of the attack to take pictures of the exact territory assigned, and he made no attempt to protect the plane with his mach:iine guns , Displaying entire disregard for per so nal, danger and steadfast devotion to duty, these two officers sue ce saf'u Ll.y accomplished their mission. Home address) George C. Allen) father) 618 Churcn Street, Flint) Mich.

First Lieut. Edward Russell Moore) Air Service, pilot) 8th Aero Squadro~.

For extraordinary her-oa an in action near 'I'hi.auc our-t j Fr-ance , October 9, 1918. Laeut Moore, with First Lieut. Gardner Philip Allen) observer, took adv.ant age of a shor t period of fair weather during generally unf a vor-abLe atmospheric conditions to undertake a photographic mission behind the \}erman lines. Accompanied by two protecting planes) they had just cOL~enced their mission when they were attacked by eight enemy planes. which followed them throughout their course I firing at

the photographic plane. Lieut. Mooret pilot, with both. firing wires cut by bul l et, a landing wire shot away, his elevators riddled with bullets, and both wings punctured, continued on his pre$cribed course) altqough it made him an easy target. Lieut. Allen was thus enabled in the midst of the attack to take pictures of the exact territory assigned. and he made notat t empt to protect the plane with his machine guns. Di splaying entire disregard and hi s persona.l danger and steadf ast devo td on to duty, the two officers successfully accomplished theixr mission. Home address, E. D. Moore) father. 508 South Ninth street) Columbia. -6- OSl119 . Second Li.eu't, Samuel A. BOWlna.n, .F'Le Ld ArtillerY, Observer, 12th Aero. Squadron,. For ext.r.aor-di.nary heroism in action in the Aire Valley".'near Flevi::"!e, Fr anoe , October 4, 1918. Lieut. BO\vlU an displayed remarkable lSravsry and devo tacn to duty'while on an Infantry contact patrol mission. Heavy machine~gun fire wa~ encountered from the enemy positions {n Fleville. The plane was pierced many ~. times and Lieut. Bowman was severely wpunded, but in spite of this fact he con1 tinued on his mission until the front ,line was located, after which he wrote ~ dropped clear and accu~ate messages to division and corps command posts, giving va.luable and timely information. Home address, J. E. Bowman, father, 815 Easj. High Street, Springfield, Ohio. '

Second Lieut. Willi2m O. Lowe. third observation group. For extraordinary heroism in ~Qtion east of Cunel, Verdun sector, France, October 7, 1918.' Lieut. William Lowe, while staking the advance lines of the 80th Division, wa.s suddenly attacked by a formation of eight enemy machines (Folker type), which dived out of a cloud bank. Although greatly outnumbered, Lieut. Lowe, succeeded in shooting down one out of control and disabled a second so that ~t was forced to land. Later, on the same mission, he was again attacked by a patrol of five enemy scout machines ,and in a running fight he drove these off and successfully completed his mission. Home address, Mrs. Jessie G. Lowe. mother. general deliver~ Fo~ntain City, Tenn,

Second Lieut. Wi.lb:ertE. Kinsley • Air Service pilot, third observation group. For extraordinary heroism in action east of Cunel, Verdun sector, France, October 7, 1918. While staking the advanced lines of the 18th Division he was attacked by eight enemy machines (Fokker type) • who dived out of a near-by cloud bank. Although attacked simultaneously by the enemy planes, he placed his airplane in such position that his observer, Second Lieut. William O. Lord, was able to shoot down and crush one enemy plane and disable a second so badly that it was forced to land a few kilometers inside the German lines. Later, on the same mission. he was again attacked by a patrol of five enemy scout machines and in a running fight he drove these off and successfully completed his mission. Home address. Guy Kinslay, brother, Washington street, Winchester, Mass,

First Lieut. Harold m. Ti ttman, Air Service. 94th Aero Squadron. first pursuit group. For extraordinary heroism in action near Bouresches. France, July 1, 1918. Lieut. Tittman,while on a patrol encountered seven machines. Despite numerical superiority and the enemy advantage of position, he'immed~ately attacked, after firing a few rounds his guns became j_ammed; in the midst of a 'Weritable hail of machine .•gun fire he r-epa.rr-edthejam and resumed the att3!lCk. Alth'ough he was severely wounded he continued until the enemy was forced to retire behind their own lines. Home address, lAr. Harold H. Ti ttman, father, 5024 Westminister Place, st. Louis, Mo.

Second Lieut. Guy E. Monse (deceased). observer l35th Aero Squadron, For e~traordinary heroism in action near Vilcey-sur-Trey, France, Septemher 12, 1918. Lieut. Monse. with First Lieut. Wilbur C. Suiter, pilot. fearlessly volunteered for the perilous mission of locating the enemy's advance unit in the rear of the Hindenburg line. Disregarding the hail of machine-gun fire and bursting of ,antiaircraft shells, they invaded the enemy' s territory at low altitude and accomplished their mission, securing fon our staff information of the greatest importance. These two gallan~ offiicers at once returned to the linsl and undertook another reconnaissance mission, fram which they failed to return. Lieut. Morse's body was found and buried by an artillery unit. Next of kin, Ernest Morse. father. 4328 Harrison Street) Kansas City, Mo.

First Lieut. Wilbur C. Suiter, as pilot, l35th Aero SquadRon (deceased). For extraordinary heroism in action near Vilcey-sur-Trey. France. September 12) 1918. Lieut. Suiter, with Second Lieut. Guy E. Morse. observer, fea~lessly volunteered for the perilous miEsion, Ioeating the enemy's advance unit in the rear of the Hindenburg line, Disregarding the hail of machine-gun fire and bursting antiaircraft shells. they invaded the enemy territory at xow altitude and accomplished their mission. securing for our staff information of the greatest importance. These two gallant officers at once returned to the lines and undertook another reconnaissance mission, fran vlhich they la;iled to return. Home address, S. F. Suiter. father, Sh~okin. Pa. -7- 051119

First Lieu.t. Charles E. Wright, pilot, Air Service, S<3dAerO Squadron, For extraordinary heroism in action near Kef fu, France, in Oct ober , 1918. Lieut. Wright attacked an enemy obser~ation balloon protected by four enemy planes and ~ despite numerical superiority,' he cf or ced the planes to withdraw and destroyed the enemy palloon ~ Abron ze oak 'leaf, for extraordinary heroism in act.a on near' Barrtheva Ll.e , France, October 23, 1918, Lieut. Wrj,ght, acccmpani sd by one other machine, attacked and send down in flames an enemy plane (Fokker type), that was 2~tacking an allied p;lane. Be was in t~rn attacked by three enemyip.Iane s , His companion was forced to wi thdr aw on account of motor trouble. Lieut. Vlr.i,ght continued the combat and succeeded Ln br i nging down 0"1e of the' enemy. planes and forced the r-emaini.ng two into the:1.r own territory. Horne address, Mrs. R. i'l. Wright, mot he r , 131 Sont[-Jerlcmd Road, Brookline, Mass.

Firrt Lieut. German De Freest Larner, pilot, Air Service, l03d Aero Squadr-on , For ext.r ao r-da nurv heroism in action in the region of Ch:mJpeny, Fr anc e , September 13, 1918. Lieut. Larner attac ked an enemy patrol of six machines (c'okker t:'pe!, and f ough't against 'the great odds until he bad destroyed one and forced the others to retire. _~,br-onze oak leaf', for ext.r aor-df.ne.ry heroism in ac to.on in the region of 1.llontfalmon, France, Oct cbe r' 4, 1918. While leading a patrol of four monopLace planes, Lieut. Lar-ner- led his patrol in an attack on an enemy formation of seven p Lane s , By skillfully maueuver i ng he cr-ushed one of the enemy machines and 'Nitt the 8.i(l or hi.s patrol forced the r emui nder of the enemy f ormation to withdraw. Home address, Adelaide De F. Lar-ner , mother, Highland Apartments, 1~rashini3tol1, D. C.

First Lacut , O. D. Hurrt er , pilot, Air Service, lOild Aer o Squadron. For extraordinary 11e1'oi:::1I).in acta on in the region of Ypr-es , BeLgi.um, June 22, 19:1;8. Li eut .Hunt er , ':'fhi1e on pat.r oL, alone attacked two enemy, bi planes, destroyi.ng one and forced the other to r etd r e , In 'the course of the combat Lieut. hunter was wounded in t he f or-ehe ad, i)espite his injuries he succeeded in returning his -damage0 plane to his own aor odr-ome, A br onze oak leaf. for extraordinary he r oi em in action in the r0gion of champeny. France, Se}ltember 13,1918. Lieut.' Hunter, acc cmpani ed by one other monop Lac e pLane , at tac ked an enemy patrol of six planes. Desj.Lt e numerical superiority and if.L a decisive c ombat , he destroyed one enemy plane and. with~he aid of his eompani on, forced the others within their own lines. A bronze oak leaf i or ext r-aor di nar-y heroism in action near Verneville, France. Sap'cember 17, 1918. Lieut. Hurrter , leading a patrol of three p Lanas , attacked an enemy formation of eight planes. Although outnumbered, they succeeded in br i ngi ng down four of the enemy. Lieut. Hunt er accounted for two of these. A bronze oak leaf for extraordinary he~oifm in action in the region of Ligny- Devant-Dun. France. Lieut. Hunter. while separated f:rom his patrol, observed an allied patrol of 7 planes {Breguets) hard pressed by an enemy formation of 10 planes (iokker type). He at.tacked two 0 f the enemy that were harassing a ai ngle Breguet and in a deciei:ve fight destroyed one of them; meanwhi Le five enemy p]mnes approached and concentrated their fire upon him. Undaunted by t;.eir superiority, he attacked and brought down a second p Le.ne, Ii. bronz.e oak leaf for extraordinary heroism L1 action in the re:;ioll of Ranthevi11e, Fr anc e, Lieut. Hunter, whaLe on patrol. encountered an enemy f ornat.a on of: six monopLac e planes. He immediately attacked and destroyed one e:l6l11Ypl ane and forced the others to disperse in confusion. Home address, John S. hunter, brother, 216 Ed.st Gaston street, Savannah, Ga.

First Lieut. Dav:i:d F. BackUS, pilot, Air Service, 49th Aero Squadroh, For extraordinary r.er oa ern in action near Etain, Fr unce , Se})tember 26, IS18. Lieut. Bae.kus as one of a patrol of five monop l.ane pLane s that were attacked by nine enemy planes (Fokker type) in a superior position. The Ameracan patrol leader, seeing the futility of gi vi ng combat, turned toward our lines with the enemy in close pursuit. One of our patrol, however, fe3;l behind and the enemy planes dove upon him. Lieut. Backus , a lthc ugh beyond danger, on seeing the predicament of his comr-ede, t ur ned and alone attacked the enemy, destroying. one am] dispersing the other. A bronze oak leaf for extr-aor di nary heroism in action in the region of Landreville, France, October 23, IS18. A patrol of American monoplane p~anes'~ttacked an enemy formation of superior number. Lieut. Ba£kus, f]lying rear position, maneuvered above t.l;e attack to prevent other enemy planes from assisting their compani.ons , In the midst of the combat Lieut, Ba.ckus, saw t hr e e pLane s escaping from battle. He immediately gave chase' and attacked and s r.ot down all three of t;1e enemy . Home addr-es s , !,II'. C.J. Backus. father. 578 uo lly Avenue. st. Paul, ;,'inn • -8- 081119

Lieut. Ste~hen N. Noyes, pilot) Air'Servic6) 12th hero Squadron. For ex,traortiinary heroism in action 'r'ear Chatel Cheher-y, Fr u.nce , uctober 15, 1918. Lieut. Noyes vo Lunt.eer-ed under tte most ad ver sewe.rthe r cond.itions to, stake the advance Li.ne o of tll'e 82d Di vi s.i on , Djsj.~egarC:inb tLe fact that darkness would set in beforo he and his observer couLd complete their mi s ea on , and at the extremely 10''' altitude of l~())feet, Li eut , Noy e s proceeded, amid heavy ad r cr-aft and grol;.nd mach i ne-igun fire urrt i L the necessary Lnf ormatd on 'vas secured. On the r cturn , due to d r.rkne s o, he was fO:,.'C8d to L,nd' on a shell-torn field, and proceeded on foot to he adquar t.ers with valuable Lnf ormatd on , Eome address, Mrs. F. Noyes~othor.(:'.5F:'i:mcis St:c~eet, :\)ew~lort, R. I.

First La aut , Justin;.;'. lollette; observer, Air Serv~_ce, 12th AeLo " ;3quarlro'n. -::Corext.r-aor-d.inar-y he roi em in ac ta on near Chatel 811ehery, France, -r-- October Eo, 1918. Lieut. Follette volunteered, under the most adverse weather conditions, to stake tbe advanc e of the82d Division. Disl'egarding the fact that darkness would set in before he and h.is pilot could complete their mission, he mad» observation at the ex tr-eraeLy 10',:!altitude, 1,500 feet, anid a terrific :.'circr~ft and ground macha ne-cgun fire unvLI the necessary anf orma'ti ori was secured. On the return, Jue to dar-kne s s , his pilot '78S forced to land on a shell-tol~n field, whence he .Jroceeded on foot to he adquar-t er-s with valuable information. Home address, lIre. B. K. Follette; mo't.ner , .Iamul , \Ju.l.

Second Lieut. Charles P. Porter, ~ilot, Air Service, l47th hero Squadron. For B2'ltl'aol'dillary heroism in ac ti.on in the re:-sion of E"Jips, France, July 16, 1918. lThile on patrol, Li.eu t , Porter observed two enemy planes (Fokker type) about 1,000 meters abo vs him. Eo immediately maneuvered to obtdn height and a position for attack. The enemy turned, and Lieut. Purter t';,we chase and attacked from below, rlestroyirlg one and forcing the otr.e r to retire. A br onze oak leaf, for extrn.orc1inary her o.irrn in action in the region of Forest-De.,.Fere, France, July 24, 1918. Lieut. Porter, while leading a patrol, attacked

First Lieut."Tilliam l-!. Stovall, pilot, Air Service, 13th Aero Squadron, For e;dr::lordia!1ry her-osam rn action in the region of Etain, France, September 26, 1~18. While leading a pr-ot ec td on patrol over a day-b ombi ng f ormatd on.. Li.eut. Stovall's patrol be came reduced, 'thr-ough motor trouble, to himself and one other pilot. vrhen the bombing patrol was attacked by seven enemy pLar.es , Lieut. Stovall in turn attacked the enemy and destroyed one plane. Home.address, b,rs. 'nilliam H. Stovall, mother, stovi~l, Miss.

First Lieut. Leslie J. Rummell, Air Service, 93d l,ero Squadron. For extraordinary heroism in action in the region of L.osery, Fr e.nce , September 29, 1918. Lieut. RummeLl, leading a patrol 01 thr.ee planes sighted an enemy biplane, which was pr-ot ec t ed by seven machines (Fokker tYl)e). Gespite tr,e tren;endov,s odds, he led hi s patrol to the attack and destroyed the Di !';Cishp Larie , By hi s superior maneuv;ering and leadership, four more of the enemy pLune a were destroyed and the remaining three retired. Home address, Mr. Alfred T. Rummell, brother, Pe nni.ng'tcn and John"son streets, Newark). n, J.

Filrst Lieut. AlfredB. Patterson"Jr., pilot, l\.ir~;ervice, 93d Aero

SquE~dron (deceased) t For extraordinary heroism in action in the r ezi on of N;oiery. France, September 29,1918. Lieut. Patterson, while on a patrol with two other machines, attacked an enemy formation of seven planes (Fokker type) that ~ere protecting a biplace plane. They destroyed the biplace and four of the Fokkers. forcing the r-smaa.ning three to retire. A bronze oak leaf for extraordirwry heroism in action in the region of ~oiery, France, October 23, 19~8. Lieut. Patterson led a formation for the purpose of protecting our bombing planes, the accompanying planes being obliged to r-eturn, due to engine trouble . Despite this fact, Lieut. Patterson proceeded on the mission alone. He sighted an en:u:y patrol of nine machi nes (Fokker type) and attacked them, driving one down. .iome address, A.B. patterson, fE.<.ther, 438 Franklin Avenue, "iilkil1sburg, Pa , -9- OSl119

PLANES B'OS. S;J,E

The Salvage Branch is about to offer for sale by circular proposal some' of the old StandardJ. 1. PLane s to be equipped with a.X.5. or Hispano ... Suiza Motors, some L.W.F.'s,Martin Rls and Hall-Scott 4 cy1., Motors~ Commanding Officers of. fields and depots are requested to transmit this information to the personne1'~nder their commandwith the request that prospective buyer-s apply for furt}Jer information to Salvage Branch, Supply Section, D. M. A., 1J:!ashington. It is expected that bids will be received and opened on February 1st, 1919, and prompt action by those interested will be .necessary.

'JlNCEN'r lUm MIXTER x>ARr;ONED

It was announced at the Executive Office recent Iy that. the P:rresident had pardoned Li~ut. Col. George W. Mixter and Lieut. Col. J. G. Vincent, whom the recent report on aircraft production showed to be tech~ically guilty of a breach of statutes, because he believes thet the two gentlemen concerned were entirely innocent of eny improper or selfish intention, that their guilt was only techni cal , and that t.hei r services to the Government, which have been of the highest value and of u most disinterested sort, deserve the most cordial recognition.

AIR SSRVICE CLUBS' ASSOCIATION

One of the functions of'the Air Service Clubs' Association is to assist and promote the formation of an allied organization of enlisted men in the Air Se:l'vice which will have as its object the ¥rcmotion of so\cial and other activities among the soldiers of the Air Service and the creation of a medium which will serve to bind together the Air Service enlieted men after their return to civil life.

The Air Service Association has voted to merge into'the Air Service Clubs' Association and an invitation has been extended to the Air Service Institute to join With the association in having but one representative and official orgalllzatioll.

Itis your opportunity now to join and make the Association a force and power in the Air Service. Secure an application blank from the officer at your post detailed on the membership c8~paign, or the Commanding Officer, and mail it today to The Secretary, Air Service Clubs' Association, Care Director of Military Aeronautics, Washington, D. C.

FLIES V'ITH NECK BROKEN

The Div~sion of Iv.iliti:fry Aeronautics is in receipt of a report from a flight surgeon of what is believed to be the first case on record where a man who suffered a broken neck in a Crash on a flying field ever r ecover err sufficiently to fly again as a passenger.

The accident happened in February last at Gerstner Field, Louisiana, when the ship in which the patient,' Lieut. C. M. Cummings, was flying fell in a tight spiral from an altitude of 800 feet. The plane was demolished, the pilot, (Liaut. J. E. McKean) killed and the passenger suffered a fracture of the fifih'and sixth cervical vertebras and the partial dislocation of the fOurth and fifth cervical vertebras. The patient has been in the hospital at this field under treatment ever since and has with the aid of a head and neck harness made such encouraging progress that recently he rode as a passen~er in a plane piloted by the commanding officer of the field. It is expected that he 1"111 ultimately completely recover. -10- DSl119

CIVILIAN FLYINGINSTRUCTORSAB::JLISHED

The following telegram was sent to all Commanding Officers of Flying Fields, Aviation Repair Depots and .h.cceptance Parks, and is repeated here for your information and strict compliance.

On December 10, the Secretm;y of ''far abolished the position of civilian flying ';'nstructor:' effective December thirtly-fi..r.~~. On or before December thirty first all such instructors will be honorably discharged. Commanding Officers may grant leave up to and including Lecember thirty first.

SiLVER FLYINGINSIGNIA

Special regulations authorize ox.i.d'i eed silver flying insignia for Mili tary Aviators, and Junior r\~ii.itary AviE.tors, and Military Aeronauts, and Junior Mi~itary Aeronauts s~lilar to previous insignia, but provide for Observers, in both branches of the ser-vi.ve , an insignia' with one 'wing, and the letter "0", encircling the letters "U.S."

Flying Instructors of the Air Service are authorized to wear a pair of giilt wings similar to the of'f'acer-s ' collar device, without the propeller, on the left sleeve of all coats, just above the cuff.

This award to Lns t.ruc t or s , is made in appreciation of the services of several hundred fine fliers who have been kept at home for use on the flying ,fia:lds in this country in turning out t.l.e quot a of lJJlots asked fa r of the United states fiy the Allies. Instead of the opportunity or flyiug over tne enemy's lines 'and engagins in combat the most expert Hun adversaries they have been detained ~ore to teach slow and plodding cadets. This work has not only been exacting and monot.onorra but at times even in tlle more advanced dual training planes have lte(m most dangerous especially when the instructors were h and H ng reckless and impetuous pupils and wer e cOIT;pe].led to ride "lith them while they went through their paces in the alr.

BROOKSFI1LD STAGESSHiMPATTU

The sham battle l.ovember- 30, 1918, was the most intel'es-Ling event ever seen at Bzrooks Field~ It pr-ovi.ded \:hat is beLLevad to be the first opportunity for the co-operation, in a sham battle o~ a large scale, of airplanes with units of infantry, artillery, and cavalry. The Department COlnma;1der,:'~ajor General DeRosey Cabell, took strong per-sona.l inJ~erest in the pLana for 'lJli:1 battle, and tlle officers of his staff were kind enought.o lend the best drilleccompc:cny of infantry, troop of cavalry, and battery of artillery, available in the Southern Department. Tl-,ese troops ".ere quar-t er ed Lt Froaks Fi61d 011 the night before the battle, Very great interest ~as manifested in the battlo, ~hich foll~7edthe progress of an actual attack and counter at tac'c , Two hundr-ed volunteers from Brooks Field. dressed as Oermane , and suppo r-tec by a large ntz.ib er- of airplanes bearing German insignia, "ere opposed to £) compa.ny or Lnf azrt r-y , which in turn was supported by the cavalry and arti:i.J.ery, end by an equal number of American airplanes.

The newspaper accounts gave a good idea of the b.rtt Le, which Lasted one hour. The flying '!'as the best ever seen in San J..ntonio, being spectacular in the ext.r erne, A synopsis of the battle wasdis'~ributed to all the spectators, wh.i.Lethe -troops were given a more elaborate program. Everything WaS conducted at.it ct Ly in accordance with tte time t.ab Ie , so that at ar.y moment the 10,000 spe ct at or s wer e able to follow intelligently the course of the action. On ac oourrt

of tne engravers t strike in Sa.n Antonio, no ~ictu.res of -Ghebattle have yet appeared in the local '.1e~7'3pa:)ers. -11- 031119

The V6:'y cLose ,1',d cordial relations tLat nave existed between Department Headquart er-s and BrooJ:s FleId were f'ur ther strengsthened by this sham battle. Most of the officers with the visiting or-garu aa ta ons were given flights f oLl ovi.ng tr.e battle, and 'ehe obser-vat i on ba Ll.oorv from Camp John V'[ise, with a balloon company under ccmrnand of DieutenlOwt J. J~ Bruce, has remained at Brooks F'1eld, wher-e the men ar e quar t er ed in a vacant barracks, The balloon has made regular ascents, t axi.ng up tl1e ,jom,nandini?; Officer of Brooks Field and all officers. of the post. T'h.is nas had an exc eLl.errt effect in promoting cordial relations and; better unr er-et a.-d.ing betwe en tl'.e 'cwo principal branches of the Air Service, as only i::.. handf'u L of the 'irooks Yield officers had ever been in, or near, an observation balloon. On one cc casd cn , when !',~Ei,jorBrooks and the writer made an ascent, the b n.ILoon was mano auvr ed all over th':) post, affording a much better oppo r-t.unt tj t.o st udy i'~s appear-ance f r om t.he air then can be gained from an airplane. It is believed that oE'.lloOd companies should be assigned from time to time to the flying sch ooLs for purp ose e of instruction, and so that both the ba Ll.oori officers and the airplane officers may Lave an opportunity to know each otter and to enj oy opport.urri +'ies lor flight in each ot her t s apparatus.

10 .00 A.M. COfn08t begins. '1.'he American troops are on the left of spectators, :iermans on the ri.ght. I, Gennon and an Allied ai r-pLane descend from high blti tude in tailspins.

10.03 A.M. Tvro f'orrnat i oris of Cerman bOl~;biI1gpLane s , guarded by combat planes, e.ppear over field at 2. ~OOO fe et , The German infantry, meanwhile, has opened ii re anf advanced over • "No Man' s Land" close to the Amer.ican lines. Anerican infantry is suddenly attacked by C~ennanpLanes r F.rtillery takes position.

10.05 ji.,M. i\ Germen plane attacks the allied observation balloon.

10.15 A.M. American infantry, reir.forced by cavalry, gcins fire superiority" causing Germans to r eti r e to prepared posi ti ons ,

10.25 A.M. j,llied combat planes Lave gone up to meet Gemlan planes, and an aerial conrbat ensues. Several ships ar-evf or-ced to descend; at 10.30 an AmeriGan pl~ne m2xes a forced landing in the cent3r of the field.

10.35 A.M. J\I!1ericen e.rtj.llerytakes more c:,dvo.ncedposition. The infantry adv anc e s , covered by fire f r-on, tl',e cavaLr-y ,

10.50 A.M. Lnf e.rrtry advances, and captures 'jerman trenches, '1'h8 sur-vivo r s ar e oi aarraed , formed and mar-chad bac k to the American lines, eacorted by cavalry.

11.00 A.M. Artillery and infantry c onso Lidat e tte new position, A distinguisted captive, fleeing from'tta chateau, is discovered in a GBrm~n dusout. 081119

DORH FIFLD

On Dec ember'v S', Lieut.-Col. R. K. Green, of the Inspector Gene~alfs Department arrived at this Post, f or pur-p os es of a nspec t i on , Li eut.v-Oo L, Green expressed himself as ve7:Y "reE pleased wi th tue aspect of the post, and satisfied wi th the progress of the work b ez.ng coriduc t ed there in c onnec t i on with the gunnery training of pilots and the dev eLcpmerrt of pur-sudt vp.i Lot.s ,

Fi ve ships from Dorr Field left Nov emoer- 25th, and had a very diffic;ult t:oip to Jacksonville, due to bad gas at Sur.f ord , Low c Lcuri s (the flying elevation for the entire 300-mile t.r-i.p was aoout 1200 fee+') , and motor t.r-oub Le, At J'a.ck ao nva.Ll e , the:' Landed on the rifle r-ange at Ceup Johnston, about 15 miles outside of the city iJrojJer. On Tuesday, ''''ednesday, Thursday, and Friday, continued fog and rains pr evenved any flying, out sd d e of a. sa ng re scout which went up each day to ascertain the height of the cLoud.s, wh.i ch was seldom greater than 800 feet. On Saturday morning, the clouds broke f oir a short time, and a. fomation. flight was pulled off from Camp Johnston over tio the ll.ol'j.da State Fai'r Grounds on the other side of Jactsonville, and rack aca:ir:. On Su.xiay , an extremely heavy down- pour all day prevented flying:. 1;,'hi::'e the original plan Lad been lor the ships to remain but the one week, d~~ to the lack of flyinG weather, pennission was received to remain until. tll2 f oLl owing Frid'ly. On Monday, December 2d, the we at he r cleared, and rema.ined clear for-'vhe rest of the we ck , So on Monday, Tuesday, Vledncsday, and Tl1Ursday, scouts and Hi spano s flew over the fairlgroul1ds, morning and afternoon, giving exha oa ti ons 01 f cr-nat i on f1y.ing, acrobatics, and aerial gunnery pr-act.r ce s , un lrid2y ffiorl:ing,the ships started home, three of them arriving that night, E..Dd two b ai ng c cmpel l.ed to wait overnight at neighboring towns, due to mot or' trouble and 101fT cLoud s , The last two ships' arrived s.afely Saturday me rn..ng , D~cer8be:: 7th.

ARMY PLAN:rI:S MID PILOTS FOR A:(j~P.IALFAI L

According to an .amendmerrt of Ler e d by Representative Green, of Iowa, the Post Off~ce Aerial Mail Service will us~ Army pl~neD, and tney ~ill be oper-at.ed and maintained hy the Flying personnel of '~he Army under the direction of the Postmaster General. .

On De-:.ember 21;(i), the House passed the Postoffice Appropriations bill car r yi ng $358,000,000 for the operation of the mail sel.vic.ed\1l1.il?-~ the fiscal year endin~ June 30, 1920 and the hill now goes to the Senate.

The only rmpcr-t.ant. ameadn.errt made by the House provides that the '."Tar Depar-tment shall supply planes for the aerial mail r-out es and that th3Y shall be operated and lIt.aintainod by HE) army , under t:le corrcr-oI and direction of the Po s tmaat er General. The proposed appro.;Jd.:~ti on of ~12,185.000 was reduced to $300,000, and any pur-c ha se s of e i.ip Lune s by Hle f'os'0of1fice Department must be made from the War. and Navy j)epart!1Je:1ts.

The amendment (J! ov.id e s : "That the 38cretary of V1ari s hereby dd.rrect ed to deli vel' immediately to t i,fj t'ostmi:ister Gene!'al, 100 De Ilavi Land Fours, 100 Handley Page , 10 Gleml ij~,.rt:;'n C:Cly-borlbers; all pLane s c ompLei.e Ly a as embLed and wi th tile neces sary sp e.re parts; al so lOG extra T"iberty engines wi th s:p,''''e parts, 50 Hi sp ano .. Suiza engines wit.h JOO b or sep ower- enga ns s , ~O Hi spanov Sud za engines wi th 150 horsepower mot or e , 'the aame to b e out of ,my equipment that the Viar Department has on hand 01' under cons t.r-uc't i on ; ere Wal~ Department appr-opr-i atd on to be credited wdth Ule e qui.pmerrt turned over .to tre Postoffice Department.1I

ORJ?~RZD!JOI![E ANDDISCHP2J~ED

In his conference wi th th'~ rcpr"3sentaiiv8s of the Press, Dec6'J1lber Hr, General March) stated t~lat J3I(1C'~! men of the Divisi-on of Military Aer-onaut acs , 30 )000 .in Spruce Produc ti 0;1 had bE-EMdesignated for discharge. -13- 081119

Eor ec as t Bulletinu illdicat0 t:1e ear-Ly r et.urn from overseas of the' 172,174, lSl1, 151,'3';"4,137,373 and 4'ch !\ogt.Air Serviceli!Iech.::mics including Companies 11, 12, 13 & 14. No Balloon um t s have , 'as yet L een o rde ied hon.e ,

Rec en t.Ly General t;arc:h:<.nnoun:edthi..li 'the f'o l Lowing air organizations had: been as s:,gnod to ear::"y c onvoy ; Aer o Squ adr-o.rs 23, 176, 247, 264, 499, 400, ~65, 467, 488, 635, ~ld 840, totaling 4~ officers an~ 1639 enlisted men, and Photo Sections 19, 20, 21, 22, 24, & 26 totallng 5 officers and 76 men.

On Dec. 17, the Ohief of Staff annomc od the as s.igrmerrt for ear:J.;y convoy 0 f the f oH owj ng : Bri ti.sn Rep Lacemcrrt Dro.ft No.1 Air Service , 1 officer, 97 men; 1102d Aero Squadr on , 4 o f f' i.c er s , 166 Lien; lS3d~ Aero Squadron, 3 officere, 156 men; 482d Aero Squadron, 5 o f ii.cer-s , 149 men; gelth i,ero Squadron and 1,':edica1 Det.achn.errt , 2, o f f' i ce-is , 151 11:'311; 491st Aero Squadron and Medical Detachment, 3 officers, 137 nen.

The Chief of Staff rec errt.Ly announced the fol10ning organizations have been assigned to early convoy:

173d Aero Squadr0~, 5 office~s, 148 men; 158th Ae~o Squadron, 3 officers, 155 men; 801st Aero Squadr-or, , 3 of'f'Lcer-s , 136 men; 149th Aero ~quadron, 3 officers, 153 men; 35th Aero Squadr-o n ;) 0 f Iicer s , l38 men ,

SCARLETCE3:VRJ1\) B.Ar:}Ji~ 01i' }10l\OFRBT,E SI~R'TICB Al'D DI38hAP.GE

As a recognition of du't ie a pnrforrJ18d ::n "",he service of the courrtry , tho Secretary of VTar has diTeeted tllrt e scl: 801d"8r on boim; h ono r ab Ly d.i achar-ged be furnished with two SC81',i,et chevr ons to be worn onLl'e Le:...t sleeve:3, point up. midway between the elbow Jolld t"le shou Loer , oue on 'Lhe c oa't and one on the overcoat.

These chevrons ,jlt ser-ve fo .indic ata to t;:p, cou.rt r-y 1Nh:il0 the un.ifcrm t l;e ne,n's:.' r-e t.he COU1 is being worn that sp cnded vcc t l.e c'el!l:'nds of 'try, performing cr.edi table service in..;}-e iXL1:' I end f i.na.l Ly r-ec oi 'led Lonorable discharge tLerefrom.

Where pr-ac t Lcc.b te t',G'c:18 c l.evr ons sl.ovu.d Le s ewn on the garments before disccharge. If this c ar. 'lot L8 ('0'1e "':,l'e:~ wi.Ll, f)e pr eae.rt ed to t::e soldier with' his discharge papers.

-The chevrons l,':ill be of the 88r:Je si ze a.id shape 0.8 now prescribed for 'Val' ser vice chevrons. Immeda r t e steps 'vill be -'cako:a to p r ova dert.hem at all place s where troops will be d Lecl.a rged and they car, be furnished to men aLr e ady d i ach ar-ge d wilo app Ly for aane ,

One of the gr eret.e st ')attJ.S3 t:1e ;kl11oo:1is ~ ha.s ' to fight is the wind. He is co ns t.arrt Ly aloft a; C.L?;re;,.t hei,-,:h~ ovArthe Li ne , unarmed and subject to attacks by enemy a i r-cr-s.f c a.nrl ;1:80 all tie eccer.t.r-aoi.ties of 't he ,"eathe

1st Lt. Ever-e t.t H. Li l.enc , t.a Ll.oou ol.s erv er, fr-on. Kentucky, who has just returned from over-seas vrhare l.e was last btati one d with t ho lOth Balloon Company I related some of [li3 e':l~eriences j us t prsc ed'i ng and during t:1e st. Mi:liel drive. 0:1 the first dc:y of this dr i ve, Septel:lbe> 12; Lt, Li xons and another o'0ser- vel' responded to t ae call wha ch werrt a.i ; alone; t;;e line, for 2.11 ooser ver-s to go ""loft as soon as possible. This 1"r,;S no t a n.ost unusual or-cer especially v~ith a big 1=':18hon, bu t on rtni s 0 cce.s.ion a'IDTy strong wind was, blowing e.nd under ordinary ci r-c izn s t a nc as no one ',You.lc hi.l.ve gOLe up. At about 7:A.II:. hO'lfOV8X', tile balloon CCfJH')a.1Vto 'ilrich these obs er ve r s ver e at t ached got out th'3ir balloon and made rea~,y to sene', it aloft. The t'-ro 'bscrvers had just c Li.mbed in the basket add the ba.l Loor, "n.s ztarting up, slrf::tyillg rapidly f iorn one side to another, at ao out the 081119 hea glrth of the sur-r ounda ng tree tops, when an unusually s t.r o'ng gust seized the balloon and flung it. about in a veryd angerous manner. It dived to the ground then jerked a10 ft Dnd on one occ as.i on did a compLe t e aerial flip so that the ba ske t was 'thr-own ccrnpi et e Ly ar ound tlle balloorl,d1e two observers being held in by their O\1IJ11 s t r ength and the action of c errt r-i.f'uga L force. After some time of wi2-dest gyrati ons, the balloon b ecame caught in the trees and the basket was hurled to the ground. On one occasion during the fight 0 f the ez-ew on t~e ground to get the balloon back to earth, a sudden gust seized the ballOon and ac t ua Lly lifted witt it t r,e 16 ton wi.nch , to wl.ach t.l.e cable vas attached, from the ground.

'::'he two obs er ve rs we r e pretty well exhaus t ed when they finally crawled out of the baske t and one of them 'ires badly inj or ed and temporarily out of. the game. Lt. Li kens , however, WPS the more fortunete of the t\~JO and escaped with a few scratches to enjoy t r.e F:l'ivilege of goiniS aleft in another balloon almost immediately and conducting all tte ooserv&.tions for the company during the remainder of the offensi ve , he ciirected the Ere of artillery. Lo cat ed the enemy batteries and made , g'1ne"al sur-vei Ll.anc e of t:1e -troop mOV2ITJentsand other activities within the an9~y linos.

It WC'Sduring tir' 'l S2Jl18 drive that the balloon out.f ats a.Long a front of 20 to 30 kilometers in this neighbor~ocd, lost severely. One balloon was destroyed; two, one a French b.nd one ail Ar;:erican, practically destroyed; one broke 100s8 and went to GP.!'j118.ny wi th)oth of its obs er-ver-s , their parachutes. having become torn arid uS31e"i:!. while anot11nr balloon was bur-ned by an ai.rp Lane attack.

Lt. Li kens '~laS t r-aaned in this country for infantry wor-k before he was commissioned in the Air30r'.J:Ice c>:1d s errt overseas for further training for a balloon observer. His first ~c~i~itiBs over there placed him with a. French balloon company on the front wner e he r er-aa ned for tyro rrorrt.h s in training. During the course of his obs ei-vat i on wor k, with the 10 l\Lerican Balloon Company, Lt. Likens was forced to make two pt.r-a chut e deee errt s when his balloons were burned above his head by enemy "lir'JlC:'18s'. On each occas i cn he landed among the trees, the parachutes bec oming verrt ang Led and hanging to the br anc he s against which he bumped and scratched on his "ray to earth. ,UthouC!l he was not seriou'sly injured he wears a wound stripe 0(1 his right s2-ee".'eli.ndica'oinb an injury re .. ceived in action. Fe exp Lai ne d that par acrn.t e jULipii,g was noc so bad after the parachute opened, but was r8.".;.rer a pleasant se1l8,~nion. Evidently the presence of an intact parachute at~a:hed to a ballo~n basket. is a very raassuring accessory to ballooning.

According to Lt. Gcoq,;e C. 'i:hiting, of Eost.on, Mas s .. who has just returned from active fC:i.yj.ng ;3e'."'I:i:c'e''Tit:l t',e '3riti sb. riany German pilots and observers are both ef~'icien~ 2~10 ..)OS88S3 1.:1 g00d can0 urrt, of nerve and finess.

"It is. a mi.s t aue" said wt. \11}}:=. tin[, '.1 to 'oeli eve that all German f Li e r s are inef ficient, unt.r-ai ne c pilots and lackir,g in ner-ve" . ~.

"We men, v.ho nav e fLown along the BY'..i t:iSi1 front, ":ontinued Lt. Whiting, -; know t ha t there are t"ro cLas s ea of Hun ai r fighters; one. the medi oc r e men, who, it has ev i d errt Ly boen decided, are not wor-th giving sp ec i a.L or adva nc ed training, \ and the better cLaas of ru en who are hi gLly spe ci ed i zed operators and fighters." "This. lat~cer class is orgaru zed in 3rouPtl. W'3J.l known at t r.e front. as qircus Squadrons, ":vhich are ordered up anu uown the lines 1T,'here t hey are needed and often oonc errt.r at ed with a hope 0:" breaking the acr-a o.I mor e.Le of the Allied forces. ThG only real unfortunate par-t of this system however, is the f r.c t, that some of the nevr squadr-ons f r e ah f r or» t.l;e t r-ed m-ng fields are first assigned to a quieti sector INhere none of -dlese :~enl;al1 super ai.rrnen are flying. After a few successful scraps these new <:tiY'fighte'r's get the idea that all }erJl1an fliers. are dubs and as the !\meric:ll1s ~cq, "Easy raeat!", but later on ill other sec'7,ors, or ~hpn, OS1119

"hy chanc e , some (jenne,,"1 circus squadrons ar e ordered in to their neighborhood,

.bbey find at their own expense, that Gernan:r has two c Lus se s of air fighters. II

Lt. 'Whitil~g, had f Lown somewhat, before the war in a Wright plane. At tte teginnin~ of the V!b.r he enlisted Ln the cir service and went overseas, being assigned '.'lith the British for '~rdnL1g and it "TaS in the B:-itish service as..on ~'lme:,ic:ln, that l18 wo n his wing". Later on he Gaw active service with the ~3rt~. Squadron of the P.A.F. in France.

Referring to the An.er-i can flier as 8. t:rpe,' Lt. ':Yhiting said that the i young Arr:erica.n office):' is of t en too erier-ge ti c and d ar i ng and that, as specif:i.ed above, he is apt to get the a dea that t.ne Hun pilots are all poor and beCOIn6J careless. Thera wore in cpcr-at.Lon along tlie Jemwn front at least 15 of the ll ;;0 cal::'ed "C:.rcus Sque:Ldrons ' such as was c cenaanded by Richtoffen, the "Blue Noses" the "Checkerboards" and others, all composed of expert fighters and fliers, and as 'stated above, t hey were moved up and down the lines constantly where they made life very busy in tlleir neighborhood for the old exper-i enced fliers, as well as 'che new 01l8S.

Lt . Whiting said thC1:~he f 01t more or .Less bound to tes tify to the abi\lity arid lIstoutness" Of some Cre':'T!:anfliers .ind ai r fighters whom he en- courrt er ed, On one occaai.on .it S 3ems t:18.t two A::'licd:Ughts of fi ve ships each in "V" f orrna'ti on, wee'E\~Jro-.:ee(lin~~over the hun Line s , one Ship quite a distance above the 0-'" her , when a Gei1J'~n two-seated p Lane 2.t"c8cked the topmost allied plane. The attack of the German tow6ver, failer; :tn t.ha t he did not hit the Allied pilot, birt as L8 dashad t.r.rough the ?irst fCJr''1at:i.on hi s pi.Lot W:lS hit, apparently killed. and the n.acha ne bur s t, into fLamos , 1-':. sud den Ly began to dive out of control bur mng fierce1.y, tho f Lamcs streak:.!'!£'; b ack over t.h e pilot to- war-d the observer, Eealiz:Lng that. Le V'aS in a very dd.ngerous }losi ti on, if not a fatal one. the observer Let..ned f'orwar-d , s ec ui-ed the controls and managed to ge t. the sh.ip und er control, so tl1u.t as it de sc e ndad it VIas describing a rather erra-tic sod r a'l • As he reached -cn) 10178':' formation of a.llied planes, the observer seiz-eo his efforts to erirect or::or:trol t:le pl.a ne , srt ood up and sa ez ed ilis machi.ne glen 'with which he proceeded to spray tD8 Lower- forj"ation of allied p Lane e a o he . pas.sed thr ough , By this tj.me t.no front of tile Gern.an fuselage was flaming badly and the observer h.irnce.if V'lL,Sbeil.g bur-ned while he o;Jerlted his .sun in a last deaperate measure to ae courrt io r some enemy planes. but his :lervy efforts were

p ..' d. O: in vain and his * Lane -:1as:led 'co"!ard t:je earch ,.esJY.Jb.::.in"-b flinill ,o . comet .' Tills' German observer, Lt. Wilit::"m; L -l:.nt;.:tinc0, wad p os sibly an exception. but he certain .. Ly was possessed with OJ. 1"v91 h er.d , tre::1e;-!dol'S r.er ve l nd det.ermi natd cn rto do his utmost.

Another example cited by Lt • ::'Jhit:i.ng of Germur; ton(i~ity. was wi t ne ased while he was over the 1in88 on corrt aot ps.fr-o I, ass~st:.ns t.he i:lfa.ltry to break up, machine gun nas t s . He:'e lie saw beJ.ow hilie a maoh.ine ,jlJ.n~wr, the last of' three or four, stick desperately to ~is e~unin spite of cLoee fJ:'oxi.mity of the advancf.ng British infantry, urrtd L his gun elcner- j anrned or tt3 anmun.itd on ran out , Ev en then, the German did not. su::re10el' but 3te~J:)ed back. ripped out his revolver and defended himself until cut, d0V,;:1 by t:J8 ad vanc e of t~l0 131'itish.

"Some of t.her ," sax d Lt. '''hitir:g referr:.ng to the German soldiers,"have p Lerrty of nerve and ability r.nd ;;12.LeLoncr ab Le ooponerrt s ,"

"While i t se ems ab sur d -1:.0 taE: ab out w.rr f Ly.i ng now, 'f Lt,' 1:1Ih;ting corrtd nue d , "one thing car:'ot3 cud JOU:1g f Li. ar s ..ahouId constantly bear in mind,' is. the safety of formation flying and. the value of keeping in position, "Ar ch.i e" ?ire will sometimes disconcert 8 i18'V pilot on hi s hrst trips over the Lane s and 1-,8 will be tempted to 1:'re8.k f ormat i on ant' proceed "OLl his own'! , but such a :":1c.l1euveris absolutely disastrous for some hun plane 111rk~.ng far al.o r t, Day be :,":a.iting j us t such a movement ar.d ,vi': ",.ounce upon any st:cagGler who may Leave ';-;.e f orrna td on ,

Lt.1cTl;iting, it is Sala, is cr-ed.it ed with bringing down five Huns and :ia8 spent over 400 hours in t~1e air over the lines. I': ..16...

RADIO BRANCW ACTIVITIES 0811191

The Radio Brandh of the Trcrining Se cci, on weekly repor-t c:,lO'""c t.,a.t there were 187 candidates for radio officers in training at the Radio Schools. Besides these candidates, 504 radio operators and 455 radio mechanics are under training at present. Six hundred and four artillery-men are also under instruc~ tion at the Air Service Radio Schools.

Officers ofthi s section connected wi ththe Technical Department;~,-"e have taken part in exhibitions at Washington covering the directing of planes by radio telephone from the ground," and made special testa and investigations with special apparatus for this form of radio communication.

OPERATIONS OF PHOTOGRAPHIC BRANCH

The weekly report of the Photographic Branch of the Training Section for the-week ending December 14, states that this branch is formulating plans for future aerial mapping which will mean the retention of many photographic units throughout the country. Plans for a mo bile photographic organization have also be-en-submit.t ed , 1'rorknow under way includes the making of lantern slides, and mosaics fr~ tho photo~rapho recently taken from the air of the Chemical 1¥arfare service plant at Edgewood Arsenal. Maryland.

During the week ending December 14. a total of 515 students were re~ ported at Rochester and Cornell. To date the graduates at photographic schools number 2035.

KELLY JOINS ASSOCIATION ~N MASSE

The Board of Control of the Air Service Clubs' Association is much gratified at the result of the recent membership drive conducted at Kelly Fleld. In this drive a total of 244 officers was secured under the supervision of" Uajor S. S. Hanks, A.S. (M.A.)

Maj or Hanks has certainly made a f i.ne record and Kelly Field is to be congratulated for the enthusiasm thrown into the campaign. It has provided the largest group of officers joining the Air Service Clubs' Association at anyone time and its activities are eapecially inspiring to other fields now c.o1nd'uctingcampaigns.

In his report I/ajor r;anksmodestly states that he -received great- support from 21 officers located in the different departments of Kelly Field, Qne of which, the Air Service Supply Department responded 100 per cent •

The Air Service Clubs' Association membenship on Dec. 20. numbered 1057.

AMERICANS WITH P.A.F.

Twenty-five enemy airplanes were brought down by American aviators brigaded with the British between September 23rd. and October 20th. inclusive with one week, and five American .iv-latorswere.decorated with the British Distinguished Flying Cross, according to the latest Royal Flying Corps Communiques last received by the Division of Military Aeronautics.

2nd. Lieut. H. C. Knotts, 17th. American Squadron, whose home is in Carlinville, Illinois, rece~ed the folloviLng special mention in the communique on September 29th~ • ..17.. OS1119

"znd, Lieut. H. C. Ynottdl 17th. Amer-ican Sl.iuadron, wh.iLe on the offensive patrol SaYl a low.er flioht attacked by eight enemy airplanes and di'ving

on one of' them shot i't dO'Nn6 On t.ur-rri ng back to ~8gain his f ormati.on, another enemy ad r-pLano attacked him :f:tOLl boh.ind, but 1'13 suc ce eded in maneuvering on its tail shooting it down in flcUi183."

The Distingui8hecl~'lying Cross was awr.r dcd to:

Lieut. H. R. C}.ay,Fort 1'forth I Texas. " ,R. G. Land i s, (no a ddr e s s) " E. 1?1. Sllrings, Lunc .:'.staT , Pat Luff I " F. E. ClevelanGlI Ohio .T. DOl"aldson " O. l Vfastingtor:, D.C. Enomy planes were brought down by:

Lieut. E. W. 0l'ri ''.gs I Lancaster I Pa. " F. E . Kinvley, Cr-aue tce , Arl):• " W; B, Knott.s, :10 uddress. II E. H. 3i stell, no address II m L . Wr:/1.y, no address. " W. f":"1~ . C Leiae rrt s , Gloucester, Va. " H. 1:3tlrd~.ck, Brooilyn, N. Y. u A. O. RC.lston, i'.'eeping VT&te:', l.eb , 11 J . O. Creech, 1,Jashingt on I D. C• II H. 'l. rjlay, l<'o!'t Worth, 'I'e xa s , " C. I. McLean, New York, 1,; • Y. " .u. W. H8bd, P~Y80n, III " G. A Vc'_ughn, findlay J Ohio \I J. 0.) Donaldson, Viaah i.ugt on , D.C. l\ C. Bissell, no address. II T, L. .. :J8.l1ah::m, no address.

During this S3llle ;Jer.Lod ono e nemy balloon was sh ot down in flames by 2d,; Lieut. J. B. Garver WhOS8 home is in Strassburg, Ohio.

The record of the 1\l118X'ic.b.!1av'iator s who have been br i gaded with the Bri ti sh, has been a creditable one. The Royal "'lying CoqJS ccnmuni que s show that Septem bor 9th. to Octo bel' 20th. wit.h one week mi, s si,ng , 36 enemy airplanes and two hostile balloons wer-e 'Jrought to ear th by A1:lericans. Eleven Distinguished Flying Cr-.osses were awar-ded to i\mdric en Aviators by the Bdtish Gov8,rnment during thi s same peri ad.

During the ce Lcbr-c.t.aon at pcicll 1<'ield called Open House Day, one of the s t unt s "pulled off" is r ep or-teu as f0110V'.'s:

The free ride offered to the womar. who drew the lucky number proved to be a good-matured hoax, "rhiGh in point of excitement f urn i sh ed more thrill"s than wQlUldLave been recorded had one of T'Taco's fa:i.restbeen a.l Lowed to take wi.nge as was announced. To all Llte:lts :Mr~. ;7. 1CJ. Cameron had vron the dr awi ng, whereupon she was es.corted to the flii'pt of iLc e by Lieut,enant Sharp, tnere to sign the alleged necessary papers. T:TithLl the flight oUi ce e , however , Lieut f Eddie Glenn, well known society lion of Uiaeo) was waiting, dressed in a perfect duplicate of ~frs • Cameron' 8 cos t ume,

In clue time th,} ClLbit.iol;;n "Mrs. 8am8ron" was escorted from the flight office to t.he waitincs ship where instructions were co De given on her behavior while in the a ir , In exam.ini.ng the ship, 1f~l'rs. Camer-on" climbed up into the f'us el age , and Ifaccidentl-;rll opened t:le throttle, causing the plane to be set in .(OO1.:..on. It pe r f orrred a ,"ide arc "'i th one ','in~ dr-ageinG) and the tail see-sawing cv er the field. Ac, speer' "12.8 gC:ctl-:ered, the trep7.d,:ttious air "woman" was carried -18- 081119

o:.:f fhi) ground in he:' '0]::;.1- .in a wL.9 end re c k La s a s cr emb Le , ~r-,e~l came "c ont r-oL'' and this clever comedy proved a br:.ght sp ot in the day, for tile skillful flying, of Lieut. Glenn, together with the success of vl'e joke, in or-e vthan made up for the possible d.i aappo i.ntm errt in not s3eL1g a l.'Taco woman t c.ke her first ride.

\-' . NE\1;JRCR.~'l' PROIrJCTI'ON HEAD

Lie~t. Col. J. A. Mars, Air Service (formerly Signal Corps) has just been detailed as Director of Aircraft Production to succeed M9ssrs Ryan and Potter r-oai.gned , Lt~.Col. Mel'S, hr.s been relieved from duty as officer in charge of the Demobiliza.tion of the Air Service, and Lt. Col. George B. Hunter detailed to thi s duty.

TRAYS-CONTnJENT!~L"'LF:Hr -, \, l'.labamn The four training'lanes ccmtng Eest from San Diego, California,' re~ched Eufaulci":7from Mon-~gomel'Y, Al aban.a , on Dec. l'1tL, [end t.ur-ned south headed for f Florida. They were given p ernri s sx on to come on to VJa.shing'~on,D. C., but \., requested that they be al l.owed 'GO iLy t.hr ough i"lorida before coming north and this consent bei!1lsecured, started f OJ' Jacksor,ville on December 18. From there they will proceed to Ar cad i o , By r er-chf.ng Jacksonville they "Jill have completed a . trans-continental fligr:t, tho first on record "or formation f Ly i ng , /i

They left the Pac i.f ti c COu.st on December 4, each carrying two men, and have Come steadily east in hops of one and one-ha:d:~ hour each, mapping the country as they went al.cng for the puepo se of laying out a southern trans- continental air route. } (

Vol. 1. D. Til. A. UBLKLY H3WS LETTZR O.S. 1140

Air Service r.ashfng ton, D.IJ. Deco~ber 28, 1918 ------._------~------

:NEVI AIR SERVICE READ

:M3.j. Ge:n. Ohar-Le s T. Manohar, Ia to Iy comnander of the nainbovl Division 2,nd t~1eSixth ArmyCorps, W210 has just been appoIn ted Director of the Air Sorvice is now enrcute to the Uli ted states, wher-e he is ezo- pee ted to land on ;.ra.n. 2. GenE:ra1ijenoner left France, on boar-d tne Trans?ort Frinc8ss Latoika on December 20, for Ne\~)ort News, va. Accom- pa::yi12g the new Direc tor is an Artillery Aide-de-camp, and ten Air service OfficOl'S.

Geno1"2..1};:enohp.rwas U-IJieut-Col. a.ttas'hed tot1Y.;' I.Nli.rd 1'ie1cl AJ,'tillery at the declaration of war., ~~)rQi!!g tc:ko.~la5t'At'>'r:lJT Register:- He was born in Pennsy'lvarda , r,rarch 20,18&2, gradua ted from tl;,e Military Acade;:}yin 1885, at the ago of t\vonty-fom.', and VIas assigned to the Artillery whero he sE::rveduntil he became a general officer.

General M~rch, in his }Tess interview of December 21st, reported. on new Officers of the Air service 2.S follows:

liThe r-e sd.gna tiol1 of T.Jr. John D. Hya.nand. Jl:1r. Willia::t C. Potter f1'o;-,1theAir service has broue;ht about the consideration of putting permanent mi1i~ tary officers in cnarge of those facilities, and dur ing +"heweek I have design8.t8Q CoL J2.mesA. M2.rsas acting director of aircraft production, to relieve bIr. Potter.

I have designated Eaj. Gen. C:i:lZ.r1esT.l1!enoher as director of Air se~vice. Gen. Menoher has been in France in CO:lIi,:a.lldofthe Rainbow Division, for a large part of the fightinG', c',lldbefore the armfs ta ce was concluded had been promoted and assi3ned to command the 6th Corps. Gen. j\,lei1on.eris on his way nome."

Replying to a question as to 'w~ t exterrt tile Air forces were . being used wi th the Ar,~l~TofOocupation, Ger..eral f.~arch said:

"The .air forces arc beint; demobilized. v/ith the greatest r2..p:i.dity, a~ld Gen• .Pershing' has asked tha.t no ~ore aviation supplies of any kind be sent to Europe. II

:mOH THE A. E. r,; AIR SZRVIC3

A brief revi9~ of operation3 of the American Air Service in F".I.'2.nce,upto Eoverjber 12, is corrtaIned in a. cab.Io from :Major General

~arbord to the Director of the Air service, eated December 15, 19180

There were in opera ti on on t:1e fron t on November11tn, thir ty- nine AmorLcan Ae'J."OSqu2.drons,distributed 2.S fo110'<7s: 20 pur sui t, 5 army observation, 1 nigl1t bombarwnent, 12 corps observation, 6 day bo~ba.rdment 1 night observation c,

-2- . t o.s..1140 ()A' ..".'"

3Z1C:ny ?lanes br-ougn t down by A;ne:!-icC1ufl~lers,incluo.ed 491 con- fir:c:eci.and 354 unconr rrmou, iI£\l;:ing a total of 805. A total of 82 enemy ~lloons are repm~ted as destroyed, of~~ic~ 57 were cOl1firilled. Dl~ing tlle activi t i es of the Ai:,1e:dcallAir service, the Uni tec_ stc:!.tes lest 271 ?l2.:J.es 2.!?Q. 45 03.1100ns.

Concer~ing cmTh~issioned ~er3mLlel casualties, tl~ cable reports

109 }:illedt 103 wounded; 200 missiilg, 27 ?ri soner s and 3 inter:iled, making a. te-tal of 442.

The Air Service included in the ZOlle of advance 2161 officers, 2~351 soldiers, a total of 24,512 at the actual front. T[~re were also 4,~D officers and 28,353 soldiers in the service of sup)ly. vith tl1e ?rench Arwiesthere ver-e de ta i Led 8 J;,\;Jlericallflyingofficers and \/itIl tl-;e British Expeditionary ~orces_ there uere 49 officers and 525 soldiers. ~he totR.l ?erso~~el in ]Tanca consisted of 0,861 officers and 51,229 soldiers, a. to taL a.ir strength of 58,090. Air Service :"6c11.3.n1csregiments wit::.1.the French Ar:J.yincluded 109 officers and 4,744 soldiers • • The flyir~ persollilel under instruction on ~ovember lltb, included 1)323 pilots assi~led as foll~Ys:

preliminz.-ry 126 Observation 140 atlvanced 29 D3.y bOinlJiEg 77 :Pul'suit 850 la~;ht II 101

observer-s in training included 563 artillery; 65 clay bOlllb:i.ng, and. 61 night bonbIng, a tota.l of ~69 officers. This m8.c1.ethe agGregate. in training 2,012. The flying pe~sollllel, avaitillS i~struction, included 155 pilots and 59 obser-ver-s, Graduations up to J:~ove;nberLL, 1918, included 6,059 pilots divi~ed as follovs:

P!'e limi:;:lary 1~573 Observation 72~ A.c;.va.ilced 2,359 Day bombillg 329 Pursuit 1,160 Nigh t bombing 25

A total of 2,045 observers divided as follows:

.Pursuit 88 44rtillery 1,425 Ui[;ht bO;.1oin15142 Day 'bomb Lng 390

A total of 159 individuals is repo~ted as being killed in trairringo

The nurabar of planes, by. tYge, received from 8.11 sour-cas by the A.Z.F. be~1een september 12, 1917 and November 16, 1918 is as folloVD:

{For service 3,337 (For service 3,421 :Pursuit ( Observo.tion{ (For schools 90 (Par schools 664

(For service 421 j)2~;1 BOT.1bing{ NiGht ree onnaf ssance 31 {POl' schools 85

other planes received included 2,285 training pl~lles, 30 e:~Qeri- meatal planes and 108 ;niscella~leous, rre.lcinga t o tc.I of 6~4'72.

Eight diffe~ent schools under k~erican control were established in }'r2.nceand designed for tl'aining 3,800 officers and 11,'laO man, <:'3 fo11o'.7S: Tours Observers: :Meucon - Artillery Firing POiilt: 916 officers 20 officers 2,121 soldiers 110 soldiers \ \ \ ( ( -L.;-'0< o.s. 11Ll.. O

I ssoudun - .Ge;:~e1'c.lflyinG, and

21175 ofi'icers 6~100 soldiers (}l1D- tilIoE-sur-Seine - obsez-ver s . 204 officers Clermont-7er:callcL - DO;.lbarcG-,1en"t; 373 so Id.t er-s 120 officers 660 so Ld.rer s

st. Je2..n-de-l~onte - Aerial gunner-a. 92 officers 1,500 solcUers

souge - iu.tillery firing point: 259 ofl'lcors 750 soldiers

CoetqUidan - Artillery firing point: 25 officers 120 soldiers

SZCRET1....."WB.A.':K8R'S GR3ET Il~G

(statement by the secretary of val' for release for morning newspapers, ;ja;:luary 1, .1919)

OU tIlis first day of a new .9.l1dinviting year 'I I am l1ap?y to send by these means hoHd.a~Tgreetings to He officers and men of the United. states P;rmy. \7e look fOl:\"larclto a realiza. tion of tl-:e o1>jects of vici;ory, t11e fine purpo ses of peaceful pur sui ts and reconstruction along Lrnes more stable ban civilizationrA5 ever known.

As rapidly as possible tl:e men who bavo served. in the great mili- tal'Y enterprise2.re now retnrning to civil life, the V2.St majority of tihem better equip~ed physic~lly tl~il they were one or two years ago and all, I firmly believe? spiritually better by token of a consciousness of duty nobly clone. Every c i tizen who thinks of the incalculable serVice that the uniformed forces of the na.t ion have accolllplished wHl join vii th me in a sincere vlish t:b..:). t our land '.:ill yield to them prosperity and plentifulness, op:port'tmity abounding, with new sources of happiness, and corrteritmen t, The future of the United. states ,':rill very largely be de terramed by t::e young men who have consti tuted the fighting fOl"ces in this war. I have had, exceptional . opoor-tunt ty to }~o'u them and they have confiraecl ill a very Iar-ge way my estimate of their courage, ability and high inlrposes and on, tInt knowledge I foresee a marvelous national development.'

HEYiTO:N D. .B.A.lilln

FIRST TPJ~HS-CONTIli!BKTAL PLIGHT

The squadron of four army training planes flying fro,~ San Die!?;o, C?1ifornia, r-eached the Atlantic coast on Deceiuber 22nd. This flight in for;,,-.:ltionappr-oxtmates 2,400 miles. The planes left tl:e pacific Coast :>ecelllber4 and they have OOl1'.eeustacross the cont.ment in short flights lini ted by the size of the5,r gasoline tanks, none of the planes carrying mor-e tnan an hour and a half's suppIy at anyone time. '.rhe crews? tV/O mOll to a. plan~,mve gathered data :1nd statistics on landing fields, also ( c. o.s. 1140

made 2.il~ r~:ps of ~:;heronte along Vllich they came,

This work is 2. par t of t:::e bif,' z-econnad s sazce nov lJei:i:lgmade by fliers going out in all directi)lls fro~ over u,enty-five fields in various par t s of' t:le cOu;'1.try. The ncteriz.l collected, as fast as it is returned to t:~ ~ields~ is being fonvqrded to Wsshington for analysis a~d compil- ing in the form of a govern"llent air guide or blue book. 1fajor Albert D. Sinith, comraandt.ng the air squadron which has cone east from the ?d.cific, reported on uecember 23rd, to tIm Division of Military Aeronautics in V~s~ington, DoCe, ttat his planes left AwericusGeorgia at 9:00 A.tie, Deceober 22ncl ancl arrivecl at Jaclmon'trille, FlOl'idQ.~a.t noon, baving en- coun tez-od rain azd fog all "t~leway and. at, no time bavir..g' a ceiling of more t~ 500 feeto uajo~ sni~l ex~ects to fly his squadron north to ~~shi~gton at an e~rly date.

R3COHS~RUC~10:r AT G3RS'111:&"1 CQ1l1lE1TDED

At the request of the E;::.ecu:tivesection tlle attached communication from tl~ Assistant secre~a~y of T~r com~ending the work of reconstruction at Gerstner "'Field at a cost. of less than a.Dlircl Of the original estimate.

Gerstner Field was practic~lly destroyed by a hurricane on the afternoon of August 0, 1918.

War nepar ben t Office of the Assistant secrotary

y{.1shingtont D.C.

December 20? 1918

M:GiViC1.tt-~lillLjUFORcor,. C. G. EDG.l\.R:

The Assiste.nt secretary of 'Par has read ':Ii til much Ln ter eat your- memorandumor December 19, in raga-I'd to ti:e r-eoonso-uo ta on of Gerstner Flying' Field and asks me to say to you how e::tremcly gra tifyinc; it is to him to 1::2oWthat tl'l.ework will be com)1eted. for a cost not 'to exceed $130,000.00, a.ltlloUb:1 the original estimate amounted to ~;466,OOO.OO. The use of troop labor i:12-S been fully justified and. the results far beyond anv one I s ezpecta tion. . "

C. H. I~

For tl:e Assistant secretary of War

In a r epor t on the work, Col. Edg2,rt Chief of the Sup:ply section, D.j\iI.A., says in part:

"P.:>.rticular o ornraenda t Lon is deserved. by the Corrrnand.Lng Officer, Sl~ply Officers, Officer in Charge of construction, and the of~icers ar.d enlisted men of the Service and Con- struction Squadrons at Gerstner Field. for their e;~ceptione.lly good work in tlle l'::.pid. reconstruction of the wr-ecked Pos t ,«

PERSOlT.i:8LB QARD

"A bo~rd of officurs as n2med below is constituted to consiQer suchmattors affecting tne ?e~so~~el of t:~ Air service as reay be brov~ht before it: ,c. C' o.s. 1140

Colonel Archie Iiille::.'~ A.So A. 0010(181 if. Fo D<1.vis,A. S.A. anlonel Do. E. GillDore, A.S.A. C0101'1..61Eey\ry C. :tl'c.tt, J.LL., A.S.A. J..t, Colm.lelj-1UshB. Li'~co:!.n, A.S.A. Lt. Colonel~. F. C~stle, J.d.A., A.S.A. J.Jt. Colonel U. F. H;:'..1'~,10n,J .Id.A., A.s.a. Lt. Colonel H. BeT':il1€;tO:J,A.S.A.

'l'~1efollowing Ie ttel' xl'om The Adjute'111tGe:1eral, des.i.gnate s the field at De tr-oi t, DoS :,::orl'OWField.

December l7~ 1918

To: .All Dej)artment and Oa.;np Oomnander- s and 0.11 Bureau Chiefs

You are infol'med tIn.t the Air Service Acceptance :Earleat Detroit, Michigan, will-be officially known as Morrow Field, in honor of Lieutenant Karl Clifford Morrow, who lost his life in Detroit, 11:ichigan, November 11, 1918, v,hile elltertainj.ng ci tizens of tl:e ci ty who were celcbr~tlng tl1S signing of the armistice.

1y order of the secretary of ~ar:

(Signed) RUlp:ilHa..rrison Adjutant General'!

CITED FOR DIST.I~C:UISH2~SERVIC~

The oommand.ez-in c~1ief, in the 112..;118 of the ?resident, bas awar-ded '. the di sth:gllishecl-service cross' to t:te i'ollouing named ofi'icers and ao Ld.i.er-s for t!:e O,Cts of e:dr2.ordir..ary her-o i sm described after their nl1,,:OS:

.First Lieut. Y/iHia?;}Ti.p~lmcr, pilot, Ail' serYice, 94t.il Aero Squadron. For e:-:traordil1ary Iier-o Lsm .i;.1 action in tIle region of Dou.lc on, Fl~::nce, October 3, 1918. Lieut~ :Calmer encountered thr-ee enemy planes (Fole.Jmrtype). De spa te .their nurner LcaI superiority he a t tacked and, in a decisive combat, sent one drnvn in flames arrl forced the others to retire. HO,'Je addr-e ss , H. 1:. Palmer, fC'.tller, Bmmettsville, S.C.

First ~ieut. ~dw~rd P. Curtis, pilot, Air Service, 95th Aero S<1ua'lron. POl' e:::traorctinal~Yheroism ,in :lction in tl:e region of Stenay, France, depte~ber 27, 1918. Lieut. Curtis volunteered to .perf~m a 1'e- COIDluissance p~trol of )articular danger and im~ortance 30 kilometers within the enemyr s territory. He irade the entire jour:ley tl-u-ougha heavy ~mti- aircrc.ft and ID?

Q.."-pt. Jumes A. r:~tllis, obser ger , Air service, 1st Army observation gl'ou'p~ For e:-:tr.:torc\.ir.aryheroism in action in t11e reGion of Metz, France, sopteL'.bel' 13, 1918. ~[hj.le on a r-econnai.ssance unc.er the most adverse weather cond i t icns , ',',hich nec eas l ta ted flying at extr-emeIy Low a.Lti tude , Capt, \lallis, (

••,6":,, c.s. 11-10

',1ith. his pilQt, pe.ie t.ra ted the ene.nyt s territor;)T to a dep"Jll of 25 k:UOT.etel's. Att::.c?:ecl by i'iV8 enemy planes, t hey dOs'cl'oyeu one and fOlCe(;. tile otrar s to r0 .~~~!"';, U'~Fte.r ~lC8.~;~{f:]_1"8 frOfJ 'j~~18[;ro ;,."L~c1~ f;~10~T c cn t.;,n.'.:tAC1. 011 t~le ir mi.s ston unt i.I it was ccmp Le ted , }:ome aC'..dr e se , M:'s. J3.;,18S A. wallis, sr , , 11 BigalO'.l street, Oarabr i dge , :L;:ass.

First I:ie';"lt, Ar"i;ll:U1 F. 382.V8r, pilot, Air servi~e, 9s,th Aero Squac.- r on , For ex."~l'a'GYd.,i,Y'E.ryhero i s.n bl a~1'j,O!l in t~-..e reg-:i.on of Etain~ Fran~e, septGm";:Jsr i5, 1913, L:e"J."t',. S'2;;).i."er~v: ".:;ilhis squadr-on, s tar t.ed 011 a bombing ra::,d., The foran t:!.O:D \12.S br-oken up b sc.auae of va:;'.:;'0118tr-oub.Les to the 1:-.2ch me s • Lieut. :;e2~;8!') Vfj th his ot.server , 1ieQ~ .. stGkes~ c ont mced 0;.1 a.nd. j0:LYLei a fCt'I:12.~jon of c.ncther bombing squadr-on, After cr os sing the Li.nes L,Gjr plane wa s strti".}: by' an an't:i,3.ircr2.ft exp Los i ve 511711, tbro'Ji:ng the ",achine out of cl)n~2oL \il1~m Liol.A.t~ Seaver ga i.ned control of tno rracn i.ne it bad. fallen a"\/a);7f'r cm the pr otec han 0f the 0tiler plane s , \7ith the:ir cr tpp led plane a::d. m~08sillg mo G;Jr they cI)r..::.h:.uea. i;mt~.], th8Y haL reached. "tl'loir cb j ec t rve , whsn thc-'!ir motcr c.l1.ed c~mT~~lot'31y. A"1 enE.':7({ pla:n8 a ttacked , but Lieut, stokes l:~pt him of£' v::.tj,l .f-ii1 ;:1<,.,:h~.T.acoastcc't to f;h'~ir OW~ 1].:108. Home addr es s ,

Char Le s A. S8:JSfyJ)";;"3.-:-h0r? ..:.2 nue D;,Ag(Le::'S83.:l~ rari s , :?rai1ce.

First Lj;:'"lt. Hil:U.s A. D:i.ekelliG..pilot, .A.5orService? 9Ist Aero Squad- ron. For 8x.tra~:r'1~_Y.B.:ryherc r cm ~cr.at: ti;:'~ ::'n "~1:e rsgiol1 of Metz~ FranGe~ September 15~ 1918. r;hilG on 2. p:;o~'Jg'..ar,h~c mi ssc.on L~.€u~. Diakema.rs formation was a'L~al)l:Gcl 1.)Y a ,,;,';:fp?~'i~r 'n~:l'r;~),.,,:cof 811e~y a:i.rer8.ft. In the c our se of tt.c oombat ~joeu.+;. D5.8.k61J'}-:,~3 (',Cl1)pJ'l:\0np'ja~,1es rre.re ;:riven ofi. Disrcga,:,ding ths fo...-.:t that '11s iT3.(J~~1'~f.' W2,,,, \vj'ch':m-c :9:-0'~(;::.t:i.on~ he ccn ta.nued on his mission un t t L his cbser var , Lis".:,:';, Hanrncnd , had corr,}?1')t'3cl the:: photcgr'apIlS. On ths r e tur-n ti:.ey f0t!gh~ ~h9ir wa;y tlU'ough au enemy pa cr ol. and de atr-oyed one of the mac::5.nas. HO;7.;8 addae s s G.• JO. Di8k~:m3.~ 13~~ YJest T',veH'-ch street, Holland, I,lich.

First Lieu',. :/'loilarcl C. E2.nuonC'" o'D8~rver, Air SerYiGe~11st Ael'o Squacl:ron . Fer 8:-:: ~r'~Cl'rit.nar-y her-o I sra Ln ac t i ori in '\;;.8 reg:j,on of 1\'1etz , France,

Seytem'ber :!'~j~ J.9180 rJ'l"l,'.l'.3,ol12. photcgr-cpruc mi sci on ':'..Leut , Ha,Th<1cnd.!s foYm,3.- tion was a t tacked by 2. s'L'Jl8rior numbar cf e1'18111Ypurf.,uit p lane s , l'Jot',7it~lstand- Llf; th..a.tthe e:n2::1Ypl ane s succeeded in. dr ivmg off the protecting pla~leSt

L:.e"1t. H<'!T!1":lond2.n~ 11::S pi Lc t, Lieu.t. D5.f.ker;-aJ con t Lrrued on a l cne, Continually hara ss ed ~cy enemy aiTcl'ai"~, tl:ey completed. t:leir pl1otJgraphs, ani on tne return fOU&,:lt t~lCj,::' way thr-ough 2.:1 enemy fatrol and, r~.e5'GroYE:done of the l'l'.a- chines. Ho~e aadre$s, A. B. Hamdond, 2252 B~oa&7aY9 san Francisco, Cal.

:.raj. Johr.. rI. R631Y~olds, Air S:::rYice~ com"'TI.C',nd.~ngofficer, Ls t Ju:my o'ose rva tiol1 grcup. Fo,. e:::";:~ac,:.'dinal'Y heroism in ac t i on in tne region of Verdun, n,'a:,CJ, oc tober- lO~ J.9113. uaj. Rey,101d8 proceedecl over tile enemy Li ncs .,'li t~10U': b<;n8ii..~ of pr otec tton p tane s 01:"a mission of graat ur gency , H? fIerI a:>c,u'~ ::,2 k i Lomerer s OV817 the .li.ne s when he was sudden Ly set upon by 14 ho s t i La p].p..ne:::, He fo~ght them off a.:ld succeeded in dowru ng one of the enemy, He Go:.-~t:1on'O,8clh i s :ZJight with l11s bad Iy darraged plane and concluded h~.3 mi ss i on , A ol'0nz~ oak 16af foi:' e:::t::.'2.0rd.:Ulal'y heroism in action in t1:e reglon on Grand ?re, F~an~e~ october 29~ 1918. While Oil a mission Maj. :R.eJr,~!c]c.t) '\7a.S 8ud.:le:nly set upon by six E:nr:mlYaiJ.'craft. Al though in the G8l'man t31:T5 tor-y, v;ii;hout :prc'~e'J ~icn and. Ln dange r of being cut off in the rear, he en te r ed in':'o c o.nba.c vr: th .;;h9 hostile a i.r-cr-af t, He aucceeded. in shooting down t'JO of tIcc ener::yand di.spel'r.il1g the rest of the formation. Iii th his :-:l2.c~J.5"l:e scvcr e Iy 6.ar,~2.gedJ he cont tnued until he had completecl rri s mission, Hor::;eado.ress, l:1:'5 • .J.)h:LlN. Re;}lllOlds, Dor-a Apartn:ents, Twentieth street ar.d :;,;-:i..oridaAvenue, 1;ashi:lgton, D. C.

Fh'st J2iel:t. Ale;canrt.-3r VIE Schel1.ck, p5.lot, Air Service, 49th Aer"o ;3quadrOlc. FoJ:' e::-!;Y-Ei.C:rc:U.:r-E::-;Y- her oi.sm in ac t i on in the region of DouLcon , :r'r2.Y\c.e, octobe:t:' 4, 29l[l, Lieut. Sr:henck was one of an offensive patrol of six p Iane s tll2.t attacked an;1, engaged in co-nba t 17 enemy rcach Ine s (Fok}mr tYP8!. \ih:i.le l1l~ was engagi ng one of the enerny, he observed a comr-ade about to 08 sent dO\~l by ~n cn0my plane that had maneuvered to an advantageous -7- O.S.1l40

:;;:lOsition. .tieut. Schenck i.mnec.iately left ofl the combat 1J.evras e"l~aseC'~in

and S:lO'~c~o':Tnthe plal1eq tller,eby sav.rng t:le life of hi.s corzrade , HOj'.le addr-e ss , :Mrs. R. R. P2.rlrhu:rstjl mother , 500 Gr2.nt Ave;:me~ :?lainiielel, 1:' J.

First Lieut. stj.rJ.ing OampbeH .Ale::a.nder, pilot, Air Bervicej 99th Aero Gquadron. For e:-.trEOl'CU;:leo\ry~le:..~oi3,'Jill ac t i.on in t~i.e :..~e6iol1of 12ndres- e e-s e. Georges, Fr2.noe, oc tobcr 6, IS18. Lieut. i.le:::anc1er, \lith Lieut. Atwa ter , observer on2-,pl;.oto;ra:Jhic mission. 'was iorcGe....back by seven enemy pursuit ?laj:les. A fC~l ;~lil1utes later he r'e tur-ned over the lines, aj-:.c1\'leile•

deep in e;:lemy ter:d tory was cut off by 12 enemy p18.l'lsS {Pfals scouts} < He maneuver-ed his plans to give bat t.Ie , 8.'10. so effectively iT!a:!1agedtlle j'Jac:lhle tIE t he "vi th his observer were able to o.estroy one , and forced t:i1e other s to wi thdra':l. Uith Jlis observer sever-ely vzounded., 11emanaged to bl~ing his pl2.ne safely 02.c1-:to his own cer odr-one, ui til I:!.is missioncOj,l::;l etec1. HOj'fie

C1clc1.ress,Mrs. LU0ine EUGhElAle?:anclel~, uot:xr, C::-lestnut Hil19 :p:ilil2.eleIpllia, :Fa.

second Lieut. ~;>a.Yl.k ;K. Hayes~ pilot, Air service, 13th Aer o Squ.2.CL- ron. E'or e~::tra.or6.1.nary her c i.sm in ac t Lon Ln t:le region of Ohambl.ey, :B1.'ance, se:;;tcmber 13, 19:!.8. Lieu'~~. Hayes rzas one of an offensive patrol of :five " p Ianes , a t tacked by seven eneny scouts (Fcl'::ker type), that dived C!.01'111 OJ.1. t:le:il from the c Ioud.s , ca tclring tl:e }';:leric~.l1 pa tr-oI in a d.Lsadvan'tage oua po s I tiona In the cour-se of tr,e comba'[;whic a f'oLl.owed, both of Lieut. Hayes's mac.itne guns ja.mmed~ By 2.11e::tra.o.rdinary effol't he cleared hd s gtU1S and drove off the ad'i6rsary. he then observed his flight c~rr~ander in a daYl~erous situ2.tion vith tva enemy planes behind h~n. He atta0ked and dest~oyed one and forced the othsr- to withdraw. Ho.ce address, O. L. Hayes, f2.ther, 2000 west One hundr-ed and first Place, Chic2.go, Ill.

First J..ient. Harold R. Buclrley, pilot, Air Service, 95th Squadron • .F'or extraordinary he ro Lsn in ac t i on neal' }e ..-Le , France, AUGust 10, 1918. Lieut. Buckleyrlas ona patroll)roteG'jing a French biplane observation ma.- chine, when they were'sudu.enly set upon by si:.: enemy p Lane s , Lieut. Buclcley attacked and destroyed t)18 near-e s t, a:;1CL.ther emamde r fled into t~leir own terri tory. He tilen carried onwt th his mias i on un t II :'18 i1ad escorted the a Ll.Led plane sa.fely to its own aerod:co:1113.A bronze oak leaf t for extz-a- ord.maz-y heroism in ac t.i.on near Neville, ?r2.nce, and, Bourcuilles, France, se:?tember 16,.27, 1918. Lieut. Buokley divecl thr-ough a violent and ile2..VY ar-tiaircraft and .rachtne -gun fire and sst on fira avi enemy ba Ll oon tl;.at was being Lower-ed to its nes t, On the naxt day, wili1e leading' a. patrol, lle met and S8Ilt down in fla-mes an enemy plane '.1i1ile it wa.s engaged in reg-lage wor-k, Home aeldress, D2.niel E.. Buc:~J..ey, fatl~er. Feo.eral street~ .Aga\'ian, 1.18.SS.

second Lieu~. valentine Burger, observer, Air Service. For e7.tra- orelinary heroism in action near Hill 560, over the 1'eg5.on of tile breuse, I;'rance, october 27, 1918. Lieut" Bv.rger~ with his pilot, flying at an altitude of less than 15 meters wi tilin c Lo se r ange of numerous machane e,1.L."1.S and light artillery pieces fired oontinually on t::.£m~ stalced. the American advanced lines and helped. silence enemy machine-gull nests, 'which wer-e holding up ~le advance of the infantry at this ?oint. Althaugil the plane was riddled witn over 300 bullet holes, and tr..e pilot sever-e'Iy wounded., J..Leut., Burger ga tlleree. valuable and accura te illfOl~n'f'.tjon and assis tecl his pilot to a safe Iand.mg within r-each of tlle post of command and delivel'ed his va.luab Le info rmat ion. Eone address, l.riss rcatie Krauss, aun t, 135 Christie Street, Leonia, lifo J.

second Lie'\1t. Fr::l.nk Lu.1:e, Jr., deceased, 27th Aero Squadron, Air Service. For e::traordinary heroism in action ne2.r st. Mihiel, France, se)tenber 12 to 15~ !918. Lieut. Luke, by Skill, determination, and bravery, and in t~~ iace of heavy enemy fire, successfully destroyed eight eneuy observa tion balloons in four days. next of 1dn, Frank LUl;::.e,father, 2200 t.e s t ;,;[onroe Street, Phoeni~:~ Ariz.

second ~ieut. otto ~. Benell, S.O. 135th Aero s~uadroll for extra- orc1.inary heroism in cct i on near Thiaucuurt, p-...~a:'i1ce, SeI>tember 12, 1918, Lieut. Benell, went out on a t,-ro-hour counter att3-cl: artillery adjustment -7 .... O.S.l1£'..::O

:position.. .T..ieut. SC}18:nck ii1Inec.iately left of."- the comba-t11evra.s e:i15a,;eC'~in ana. S:10':;clo":m the 1)1a11eq tiler,eby sav Ing t:le life of :ilis co.u-ade , HO;'.16 addr-e ss , Mrs. R. H. P2,1'1rhursi~ motr.er , 500 Gr2,nt Ave.me , ?l2.ini'ieJ.c"t~1:' J.

First Lieuli. stj.rJ.ing C2.ll1lJbell1J..le;:a.:"1.der,pilot, Air servtce , 99th Aero Squadron. Fox' e;".tr2.0l'eJ.L'12,ryheroI s:n in ",ct Lon in tile :cef>ionof 1and.res- et-st. Georges, Fr2':::lce,october 6, ISI8. Lieut. Lle:::ancl.er, \lith Lieut. Atwater-, observer on a photoe;ra::;hic mission, 'was forcec;. bacl; by seven enerllY pur sut t J?la:..ies. A fC'.l";linutes later lie retu:c:necLover the lines, anc-:"\"faile deep in e;:le;'I1Yter3.'itory was cut off by 12 ei.1e;.1Ypl2.i.19s {Pfals scouts}. He maneuver-edhi s plane to give bat tiLe 7 o8.:1C'" so ef'fec tively managed tl18 raachi.ne tbc:t he with his observer were able to o.estroy one, and. forced t}Je othez-s to withd.rar,. \lith :ilis observer severe Iy '.70\.111decl.,11er.1a:i1agecltobring his pl2.ne safely 02.C}: to his ownaer odr-one~~,7ith l:!.ismission co....r.ti eted, Ho;'ne addr ess , lWI's.LU0ine EU.GheA:!.e?:a:l1.clel~,TJ.ot~16r,Cilestnu'cHill, ?llilaCJ.eIplli2., Ea.

seco~JiI.Lieut. R"~a.11.k;K. Hayes~ pilot, Air SerVice, 13th Aero SquaD.- ron. ?or e:-:traor6.':':naryhero Lsm in ac t i cn Ln tile region of Chambley, 5'rance, se:9tcmber 13, 19:~.8. Lieu'~.. Bayes uas one of an offensive patrol of five .' pIanes , a t taclced by seven eneny SOOU1:;s(Fe?'Jeertype), tila t dived dorm 0;'1, t~lemfrom the cl ouds, ca tchtng tl:e .F..;;1ericZ',llpatrolin 2. o.isad'l7antageous position. In the course- of tl:e combal.nhicl1 f'oLlowed, both of Lieut. H2.yes's maczdne guns jaInmeCL~ By an eJ:traoFclinar;.' effol't he cleared l'1is guns and drove off the adv6rsary. Ee then observed his flight c~rr£ander in a da~~erous situation with ~70 enemy planes behind h~n. He atta0ked aud destLoyed one and forced. the othsr- to withdraw.' HO;,leaddr-ess , C. L. H2.yes»father, 2000 west One hundr-ed 2.:'1dfirst Place, Ch1cago, Ill.

First J..ien't. Harold R. Bu.cl{ley, pilot, Ail. service, 95th Squadron. For e:::tra.ordinary ner-oi sn in action neal' :Fe:;,'le, France, AuS'Ust10, 1918. Lieut. Buckley .was o1'la:patrol prote~J.;ing a. French biplane obser-vat i on n:a.- chine,whenthey were 'sucl.O.enlyset upon by srx enemy planes. Lieut. Buckl.ey attacked and destroyed the near est, andvtne remainder fled into t~leir 0\1n territory. He ~lencarried on with his ;~ission IDltil :w had escorted the ullied plane sa.fely to its ownaercd:co:l1a.A bronze oak let:-f, for e::traordinary heroism in ao t Lon near Neville, Fr2.nce, and Bou:rcuilles, France, se:?te:nber 16,.27, 1918. Lieut. Buol:ley dived through a violent and ileavy ar..tiaircraft and .rachtne -gun fire and set on fire an enemy be.Il.oon t:cat was being 1o....rer-edto its nes t , On tl1e naxt day, w:1.ile Leadi.ng a. patrol, ~le met ana. serrt down ill flames an enemyplane '.7~lile it was engaged in reglage wor-k, Homeaddr eas , DarueI H.. .:suc:;:ley, father. Pec1.aralBtreet~ Agawan, Hass.

second Lieut. Valentine Burge?, observer, Air Service. Par e2tra- " ord.tnary heroism in ac tion near Hill 360, over the 1'eg:i.onof t~le ij:euse, ]iTa,nee, oc tobel' 27, 1918. Lieu t. B1..'!.rgel'~ with hi s pi 10t, flying at an al t i tUd.e of less than 15 meters within close range of l1wnerousluachine ~~~~sand light artillery pieces fired continually on t~~em"scaked. the American advanced lii-1es and helpecl silence enemymachana-gun nests, which Y18reholding up we advance ox the infantry at this :)oint. Although t:'1eplane was riddled ",itll over 300 b'U1let holes, aj:J.dtl'..e pilot sever-ely wounded., Lieut. Burger gat11ered valuable and accurate illfol'lYC tj on and a~sis ted his pilo t to a safe Land.mg within reac~l of the post of commandam'l cleUvered his valuable information. Hone address, niss Katie Krau.ss, aurrt , 135 Christie streett Leonia., J.~. J.

second Lieut. Fr~nk L~~, Jr., deceased, 27th Aero Squadron, Air Service. For e~:traOl'dinary heroism in action ne2,r st. Nihiel, France, se)tenber 12 to 15~ ~918. Lieut. Luke, by Skill, determination, and bravery, and In t~:e face of heavy enemy fire, successfully destroyed eight enemy observa tion balloons in four days. Ne~t of ltin, Frank Luke, fa tnez-, 2200 i;;est 1.,lonroestreet, Phoeni:':;1Ariz.

second ~ieut. otto 2. Benell, S.C. 135th Aero squadron for extra- orcUnary heroism in act Ion :near Thiaucuurt, France, SeI>tember 12, 1918, Lieut. Bene11went out on a r.rc-nour countez- a t tael; artillery adjustment r

0:::1140

1111dero(:~dVel'~e vrc.J.th,jr r;o!~diti(;ns. SOOl1 ;ifte~ no eiui orec an accident to his

Tight h'lr-rl. '''hich made it uue Le s e , In spite of th::'s :;'njury, h e corrti nuoc (,0 oper at.e his 'i"ir!31'.:>8 G 1:9:/ ,-,'ith hi.c loft h'~,d,. dil'ec-~in6 tile fire of tile !l,tteri,',s on c or.cerrtr-e.td ons oi;;hinci the enemy lines. Homo 2drl.ress: ;'.:r8. },:ary Benoll (m ot he ~:)~.T'fn. 1-:0)' 2. F"C. lr-,ox. i u , For"::' C'Jll_~ns) C()lo.

Firut L1. eu t , Lloyd G. BO"lver:;;I Air Service, Un.i.t.ed st~",te:J A~"'JljY. i-'or repeated acts 0f ex't r-ao r-d.inary hezro.i sm in ac ti on ncar Giro!1vi L..e und Chat.e Lche s or-y -:Crance. August 1L1-29 and October 27, l£lB. Cn j~ugust 14 this of f Lcer-' s bal~oon was ati ecke d by four enemy. chase ma.cp;;nes and , though u:-ged to j unp , he r emai ned cd:. his post and securer' Lnf orrnatd on of great v al.uo , On August 29 he was attacked by enemy pianos uai ng inc;.mdi.ary bu l.l.o t.s , but wou Ld Hot Leave his post, before h i o balloon caught firo; he Lned st.e d a-'G once upon r-easc end.i ng , 2.1though h e krievr that the enemy vas co na tacrt Iy >atrolling the air. On oc t.ol.er 2'7, near Chf.:.telchesery, while regulating artille:-y f'Lr e , he was attacked by several enemy pLane s and his balloon was pe r-f or at ed by incendiary bullets. He r oma.ined in tn e air and carried out his observation. Fis ext.r-ene courage ~~d devotion to c'uty furnished il splendid examp La to t.no of f'a oer r and r::en of his COm17WliJd. home addr-e s s , G .li. Boners • father, 1140 South Tl.irteenthStre at, BiniiinghEt'Tl, .h.1a. ". , at ed .. .:..}ir.st Lieut.?'.f. J. R. Ta.ylor, 'ldr S'Jrv:'..c8;. U:1itedStates Ar:ny. For 1'e- Pf3Cc J. t,,,, or. . . ..j.' , l +f' . ~ . b I3x"{;raonnnarya.c. nero::..sm .111 ac ,10n ncar Ara~an;:;oul't. ana llfotlu auc on, France, cop tern e r 26, - October 10, ISI8. On Sep-::.em:Jer 26. ':7hile c onduc ta.ng an important observation, Lie~~t. Taylor w.is l;\l!ive attacked oyer-may planes. He would not jumP. from his bsL'Lo on because of the va.LuabLe '.'Jork 'h3 ,,'ciS doinS for the I!lfcmtry, a l th ough he was at all time's in dan6er: of Lo si ng his life from Lnc end.i.ar-y bullets. On October 3. near EontfHu.::on, Lieut. Tc.Wlor VIas at t.acked , but refused to Leave until his ba.Ll.o on c augh '. fire. :.gaj.n, on Oc t.ob ar 6, l:e was attacked and f or ced d own in his parachut8. On October 10, while he was conduc~in~ an important observation, an enemy patrol hover ed over his balloon; he r-e f us sd to jump until at t acked at cLos e quar t sr-s , nis heroic devotion to duty ';fa:; an Llspiration to the of ficers and men o f his company , Home address, 1':. R• '1'ay101', is.tiler, 13 Pr-i ncd street. Rochester. n. Y.

Pirst Lieut. P2.ul N. A. Rooney, 1-.1.1' Send.ee, Uni t eo states Army , For r epeat ed G,cfs 0'1' extr<.l.ordim,ry heroism, in ac ti on near An~t2.uville and Ge rmonv i Ll.e, l'raucB, July 22, and Se:'1tember 26, 1918. On july 22, near Anstauville. Lt eut , Rooney ... vi th Lieut. Feri'uuba.ch, rra s concuc t.t ng an :;'mpurtant ob aer-vatd on , At an 51 ti tude of 800 mot er s ~le was several -time s attacked oy enemy planes but refused to .lect.vtJ his post until his balloon was set af i r e , and only then after he had . ae en tta!; his compani on had safely jumped. 1"Ttile de ac end i.ng his parachute wan r.Im os't hit by the falling balloon. He insisted upon r e.t.ur-ndng to his post, a zd 'was in the air again as soon &.S anoche r ba Ll.oon could be inflated. Cn Septe~1bor 26. while ad j us t i ng artillery f Lr e , his balloon was attacked. by three enemy planes (Fokker type). A~jnr~i'1Emt peril to his life he- stuck to his po s t u:1ti,l one plane dived d i.r ecc Iy at him. Lieut. Ro oney would not Le ave th

First Li.e ut , ferry If. Al.dr i ch , cee eas ed , Air service, observer, l35th Aero Squ?l.dron. fer d'xtraordil:ary heroism in action near St. rhhiel, France, Cc~~obcr 29, lS18. Lie'.lt. z.Ldr i ch , observer, .."ith Firat Lieut. E. C. Lande'n , volunteered ana. "'ent on an i!"Clporta:'1t rm s ai on for the corps c ommander- without the usual prutectiun. 70rted to fly at an altitude of 1,000 meters bSc~use of poor visibili 1,y, soon 'after cr-o s ai ns; t.il.3 .lines they encountered an enemy r umpLer- p 19.11e <'.:1ct forced it to tL<3 gr-ou.id • On returning 'c'hey attacked another rumpler and drove it off. ,.:.fter cor-p Let i ng their ra.i s sd on and seeing an enemy observation t01:'3r on Lar e Lachau ss ee r they reentered enemy terri tor:r and fired upon it. Imm edd at e Ly a t tacke d by Seven enemy p Ianes (Fokker type). A combat f oLl.owed in which Lieut. l\.dlrich vras mort::Llly wounded. l',1ext of k.i n , Rev. Leo nard A.ldrich, father, Kss.ex Junc tacn, V-:..

};aj. Lewi e H. Brereton, pilot, cor t s ohservation wing.ror ext.r aor-dknar-y her o.ism in ac ti ou over ThiaucC'1...:.rt, Fr an ce . l.~aj. Brereton, to~~e-'':'f.er"'ith 2..n obrerver , volUllta.rily: ,:r:d pur suarrt to a r eque st .for special mission, left his :4' :' c

0:.:1140

under (.-.dVel'3e vro.J.th'jr c or.d.i.ba cns , Soor; ~:tfte;--no sufi"'err]d an accident to his ':oight hand , '''hieD made it une Les s , In spd te of t.hl s ::'njury, h e corrt i nucd (,0 o per-at.o his. ;'.'ir'31'.:>8s key \'rith hie loft h:::..;,d,. clil'ec-~in6 the fire of the u

Firut Lieut. Lloyd G. Povmn,; Air Service, Uru t ed str.'.tes A~lfjY. I,'or repeated acts of ext.r-ao rda nary herr oi em in ac i.i.on ncar GironviL.e und CherteLche s er-y "'rance, AUGust 14-29 and October 27, 1£18. en /.ugus t 14 this of f i.cer-' s ba.Ll.oon was att ecked by four enemy. chas-e m'O_ep-;nesand , ihou[;h u:-ged to j\.1lTIP,he r emai.ned a.t his post arid ae cur-er' Lnf ormatd on Of great V::lU3, On August 29 he vie» attacked by enemy p Lano s us i ng :..nc;.mdi.ar:' bul.Lo t e, but wou Ld Hot Le ave his post, beforo hi.o balloon caught firo; no Lnai s t eo at Oi1C9 upon r-ea sc endi.ng , i:'lttough he knew that the Gn8nJYvas co ns terrt.Ly >atrolling the air. On Octoter 2'7, near ChE:.telchesery, while regulating artil.1.8::-Y f'Lr e , he was attacked by several enemy planes and his ba l l.o on was per-i or at.ed by incendiary bu Ll.et s . Herer-;ained in tn e air ",nd carried out his observation. Fis ext.r ene cour?-ge ~~d devotion to c'ut] furnished a splendid examp Le to tnc officerc and men of h.i c COD1J.'Tli:U!1d. Home addr es s , G.l',i. Bower s , father, 1140 South TLirteenth street, Einiiinsham, Ala. ".. '. at d ' .:-.Fir.st Lieut. -\'!. 1. R. Ta.ylor, .hir S"'rv:.ce; U;1it8~Sta'ces Ar;ny. For re- Pj3q o. ac (,b or...... , t' ~ tf F . ~ . b /3x"traorEllnar~r nero:.sm U1 ec ,10n near rv'a~an;:;O\ll' ana !,fOil auc on, r-anc e , oep'tem '~)r 26 - Oc t ocer la, IS18. On Sep-::;em;jer 26, ~vhile c onduc td ng an amp or-tarrt observation, Li.eut , Taylor wa.s tv'L.,;e at tucke c 'oy enemy planes. He wo uLd not jump_ from his be.Ll oon b ecaus e of the va.Luab Le work 'ri3 ,;is d oi ns; for the Ln f an tr-y , a Lt.hough he was at all time's in d ange r of Lo ai ng his life from incend5ar:! bullets. On October 3, near EontfHu~on, Lieut. T2cylor was at tacked , but refused to leave until his ba.Ll.o on c augh t fire. /.g ai.n, on Octobor 6, l;e was attacked and forced d own in tis parachuto. On October 10, whi~e he was conduc~in3 an important observation, en enemy patrol hover ed over his ba Ll.oon; he refused to jump until attacked at close quar t er-s , fiis heroic devotion to dirty 'n.:> an Llspiration to the o f ii.cer-e and men o f his company. Home address, ''T. R. Taylo11, f'at.ner , 13 Prince: street, Rochester,il. Y.

Pirs1; Lieut. P2.Ul N. A. Rocney , i,ir Sendee, Un i t ed states Army , For r epeat ed G.ofs 61' ext.r-acr-d i.nar-y heroism, in ac t i on near Anst2_uville and Gerr.1Qnville, !'raUCB, July 22, and S8)tember 2o, 1918. On Ju.ly 22, near Ans t auvi.Ll.e , Lieut. Rooney, "Iith Lieut. Fer.'unbacl:, '."[1.S conduc t l ng an impurtant ob servation. At an d ti tude of 800 routers ile was several -Gimes at t acked oy enemy p Lane s but refused to )edve his post until his ballocn was set afire, End only then after he had ' se en t.r.at his comparu on had saf ely jumped. r:rtiJ.e de ccend i ng his parachute was eIm ost hit by tbe falling balloon. He insisted. UpOl1 r et urrrl ng to his post) a zd was in the air again as soon F,S ano-ther- balloon could be inflated. On Septe~loor 26, while adjusting artillery f Lr e , his balloon was attacked by three enemy planes (Fokkcr type). A-:;fur!!tbent peril to his life he stuck to his post u:1:ti,l one plane dived di.r-ecc Iy at him. 1i eut. Hooray would no t Leave t.he ba sks t urrt i L his c onpan- I on , Lieut. rlont;omery, had jumped -t o safety. Ho.ne oadd:"eSB, tIrs.1rJ.J. Rooney, ~other, 14 Paris street, ~ast Boston, Mass.

First Lreut , ferry H, Aldrich, decoas ed , Air Service, observer, 135th A8ro Sq uadr on , fer ex t raor-dt nary heroism in action near St. lilihiel, France, Cc~:obor 29, lS18. Lieut. z.Ldr i ch , observer. '-lith First Lieut. E. C. Lande'n , volunteered ana wbnton an .impo r t a-rt mi s ai on for the corps c ommandar- without the usual protectiun. 70rted to fly at an altitude of 1,000 meters bSc~use of poor vi8ioili1,Y) sOCJn'alter c r os s.ins; Cc.113.1inesthey encountered an enemy r"...l.TJlplerp Lane <',11(1 forced it to t.l;e gr-ou.id , On returning -c'ney attacked another rumpler and drove it off, _~fter cor-p Let ing their rai s ai.on and seeing an enemy observation t ov-er on Lal;e Lachau csee p they reentered enemy terri tor:r and fired upon it. Imm~diu.tely at tacked by Seven enemy planes (Fokker type). A combat followed in which Lieut. l\.dlric.;h VTaS mor t o.Lly wounded. Next of ki n , Rev. Le onard Aldrich. father, ji~ss.ex J1AllCUOn" vt.

I;aj. Levris H. Brereton, pilot, cor~:s observation wing.?or ex t.r aor d.Lne.ry her-oi sm in ac ti on over 'I'hi auc our t , Fr,U:C8. l,raj. Brereton, to~.zec.:;[,erwith 2.ll obr erver , voLunt.ar-I l.y , ,-x:d pur-suant to a r-eque st Lor opec i a.L mission) left his .~., (,.....

-9-. OSll40 ad r-dr-orue , cr-os s ed the enemy lines over LJironv~.J..le~ and I"'roceeded to 'I'hi.aucour-t , In spite of peor vlt.ibili ty I which forced t n en to fly at a veL'Y low a.Lti tude, ana in spite of Lrrt en se n.nd ac cur at e arrt i ai.r-cr-af t, fire '~hey :claintained their f"li'7,Lt along ~vl18ir course. <1"C ol.t aa ned vaLuab Le Lnf orma't i on , Over Thiaucourt. they were surlcieYllyattac:~ed by f our :memY' m onop Lane F'o .cker s , Vane;.tveri'ng' his macui.ne s,o t:-.at h.i a oos er vez- could oot.a.i n a good field of fire. he entered into c omoat , His observer's buns bec oraing j emmed, he 1.~'ittdrc1,-V until the jwn was cleared. 1"r<.3nhe returned to the c canat , Hi.s 0 bs or-ver t~ler, be carr.ing wounded , he c ooLy made a Lanc i ng within friendly lines, although f'o Ll owed down by the enemy to within 25 meters of, the ground. By this act he made hims'1lf an in-. spiration and example to all the member-s of his command , hone address, l.ir s , Lewis H. Brereton, wife, Ontario .spar-tment s , 1:~ashingtol'i, D. C.

Second Lieut. Palton B. Teneyck. Jr •., Air Service, pilot, 96th Aero Squadron. For ex tr-acr-di.nary heroism in action near birquenay. France, Gctob.er 27, lS18. vrhile enga,;ed on a voluntary bombing mas ai on, Lieut. T'eneyck was attacked by seven enemy planes (Foki-cer type). Although seriously 'rounded, he maneuvered his plane so .~skilfully that his observer was able to drive off the enemy p Lanea , In the combat his plane was struck by 25 enemy bullets. some of which exploded the magaz i ne s of the observer' s.suns. In spite of his 'wounds and t.he damage to hie m~chine he succeeded in landing safely on a stran6e field, Home address, Walton B. 'I'cney ck , f athor-, 91-Hodne:r S-~reat, Brooklyn, N. Y.

Secone Lieut. Elmore K. McKay. Air Service, observer, 96th Aero SqlJ~dron. For extraordinary heroism in action ne e.r Dun-Sur-Meuse, France, October 23. 1918. Lieut. FcK

First Lieut. l-;arry O. M'Dougall, Air Service, pilot, 96tr", Aero Squadron. For e1Gtraordinaryr.eroism in action near Dun-Sur-Ijeuse , France. October 23, 1918. Lieut .;',~cDougall, v,'ith Second Lieut. ~lmer 1IcKay, observer. whi Le on a bombing mission, displayed exceptional ~ourage by leawing a comparatively secure position

in t.he center of the fo rmat i.on during a ccrno c -, t '-ri t:-. five enemy pLanes and going to tho protection of two osher- of f.i cer-s ....1:0S6 planes h ad been d.is ab Led and r or ced out of the formation. Lieut. McDougall ii3~ ilfully maneuvered hd a.mach.i.ne so 8.S to enable Lieut. McKay to shoot down one of the adversaries and fight off the others, Home address, D. C . McDoug&ll. father, 132 South Paye a Street, Pocatello, Idaho.

Lieut. Kingman Douglass, l~ir Ser vi.ce , pilot gIst i1.ero Squadron. FOD extraordinary heroism in action near Longuy on , Oct.obe r 31, 1918. Vrhi1e on a pho t cgr-aph i c ~is sion Lieut. ;Jouglass enc ourrt er ed ;J. supez-Lor number of e nemy pursui t p Lane a , Notvri thstandin;s t:,e odds agaa nat him. he turned and dived on the hostile formation) destroying one pLane 2nd damaging another. He tr.er. continued on his rr.is s.i.ori and returned photographs of e;reat military value. Home addr-e s s , l~:.,A. f.ou;;lass, 317 Nor-th Ke:milworth Avenue, Oak Park. Ill.

First Lieut. Ora R. McI\;urr7, Am er-acan Expeditionary I'or ce s , 4:;Jth 1,31'0 Squad:-on. For extraordinary haroism in action ne ar Ormagne , France. O~to~er 4, 1918. Lieut. mcUurry was a member of upatrol of 7 machinet which :,:,ttacy.ed 17 enemy Fokkers, After shooting down one of the enemy. thi~ pfiicer

returned to the fight and shot down ano the r i l.ome address, I.!rs. J .C.EcMurry~ mothe r , Evansvi lle, Viis ,

First Li out. Lewis C. Plush I Ii.ir Service. 4~th 1\.e1'0 Squadron. For ext ruo rdd nary heroism in action near Romagrie , France, October 4. 1918. Lieut. FLush w as 2~ member of a patrol of 7 machir.es which attacked 17 enemy F'okker a .

After shooting dovrn one of the enemy I this of ficer returned to the fig:1t and shot dcvn ano tr.e r . Eorne address, 1;"iLli ern Plush. tatLer, 446 East Phillips Boulevard, Pomona, Cal. ( ,-16- OSlBO

Capt. '''lalter R. La us on , Au' SE:H'Vl.CB,ot,server, 91st liera Squadron. Fer r epe.at cd a ct e 01 extraordinary he r ci sm in action r.eur sr . I

FirstLiel~t. I!arvey Conover, Air Service. pi.Lo t , 3d Obser vat.I on group. Deceased. For extraordinary heroism in action r.o~r Consenvoye, France, October 27, 1918~ FlyinS at a~l altitude 0: Les s t.nan 50 meters over enemy arti llery and machine guns, vrhich wer e c ons t ant.Iy firing on him, Lieut. Concv9r and his observer staked the .Arneric8.n front Li ne s and gaye Valuable information and as ai.s t.anc e to the adve nci ng Lnf ant.r v • Al t.h ough cuf f er i.ng from two s ever-e wound's, and with a s er-i our Iy d ar..aged pLar.e , he delivered a harassing fire, on six -em::mymachine-gun ne s t a wh i ch wer-e chec ki ng the advance of the grou,ld t.r oo •.••' and successfully drove off the cr9WS of four Guns and silenced the other two. Be then made a safe Landi ng and forwarded his Lnf orrnatd on to civisio:rl hear: .. quar t.er-s before seeking medical aid. Home address, L. P. Conover, father, !-lincdale, 111.

First Lieut. Benjamin P. Harwood, Fj.eld Artillery, Air Service •. For extraordinary heroism in action near Che,teau-~hi0rry, France, July 5, 1918. Lieut. Harwo od volunteered with another p Lane to protect a photograph plane. In the course of their mi s si on theY' were at t ac kec by seven enemy planes (Fokker type). Lieut. Harwood accepted the CO,,10a.t 2,,,6 kept the e nemy engac;ed wh.i.Le the photographic plane completed :iJ.ts mis si.on . E:..S .;UI13 j anm ed and he himself W:iS seriously wounde d , Aftel"ski~fUlly. clearing his 6uns , with his plane badly d amaged , he fought off the hostile planes and enabled the photographic plane. to return to 0'';'1' lines with valuable Lnf'o rn a't ion , home address, E. N. Harwor.", father,. Billings,Mon~. .

First Lieut. Winfred C.~lacBrayne, Field .l\:rtil+ery, observer, Air Service. For extraordinary heroism in action near Fdsrnes, France, August 20, 1918. While he was conducting an aerial r econnud s s ance and general s ur ve i Ll,a from his balloon, Lieut. MacBrayne w~s repeatedly at tacked by hostile aeropl",.',", .. and continued his mission despite the p r oxi.mi ty of strong enemy air patrols against which he had no defense. When an enemy Fokker- ener ged from Low-h.angi.n-; clouds, firing at .th e balloon with inc~ndi"'-~'::"'.l .et s , Lieut. L'acBrayne remained in the basket until his comparri cn , V/}:O ''1--;.' ;.. 2king his first ascension, had safely j urnp-ed, He leaped when the b a Ll oon ":i~S r.ae.r ez- t.no r;rour.d and his parachute opened as he crossed into the w cods , Lieut. EacF,r,",yne insisted upon reascending immediately, thereby d.isp Lay i.ng conspf cuous co ol ne s s and determination. Home addr-e s s , Mrs. Marguerite V'. L:acBrayne, wire, 400 East Merrimac Street, Lovrell, Mass.

First Lieut. Leo C. Ferrenbach, Air Service. For ext.raor d.inary r.er odsm in action near Ansauville, France, July 22, 1918. Li.eu.t , Ferrenbach, . a bu.l Loon observer, was conducting an important sur ve i Ll.anc e of iri s sector vrLe::; at an u.ltitude of 800 meters successive attacks were made upon the balloon 0;' enemy p Lane s , Thi s officer refused to leave Lis post and continued hi s ,.rcd: wi th strong enemy pat.r oLs hovering above him until one of tl:.e hostile rnac.u nes di ve« and set fire to the balloon. After he 112,6 jumped in Li u jJur,achu-;;e" t;H; burning balloon fell and barely missed him , Lieut. Fer::'el1bacl~ il',,:!ediately reas ccnd ed while enemy patrols wer-e still in the vicinity. Home ao cr-e s s , Edwar'd J, Ferrenbach, f'a'the r , 5441 Bartmer Avenue, St. Louis, Eo.

First Lieut. J. A. Higgs, Air Ser v.ice , For i-eoeat ec cLCts of ex.:~raordinary heroi~ in action near Pont.,a-Eoussoi1, F'rano e , July 31 and Augus t ;~l, 1918, near Gesn es, Fr i.l1Ce, October 29, 1918. 0.'1 JU.Ly :31, near Pont-a-!',:oUSSOi., Li.eut , Higgs was car-ry i ng on a general surveillance of tis s ect or f r-ornhis b

fire on the ba.LLoon, III Lmrm.ncrrt danger he r-emai ned in ba s xe t until he had helped his French c omr-ade, after whom he nam ae Lf j isr-ped , On Augus t 21, in the sane sector. Lieut. Eiggs was per-Iormi ng ien important ma sea on regulatin.:; , . ar t i Ll e....Y fire. Znemy planes att8cked.':..nd v,:ith 6rea.t g'ill<.li~try Lieut. Higgs r en.aa ned in thf; ba ske t until his assd at arrt had jumped. On October 29. near GOSl1'3S) Lieu t , Hl.~6~Ji,VJ.S coriductin6 CL r~g1ctbt-:~ Lr orn the. basket .';.~itL a stud ent observer. Attacked by enemy planes, after his ba.Ll oon W<...S bur ai.ng , Lieut. Hi,s~;s wou Ld not quit his post until he 'haC assisteC: his companion to e ac ape , In eacl; of the foregoing Lns tance s , Lieut. Higgs at once reascended in a ne";7balloon. Home addr-e s s , roJ,rs. J'ernes A. !1igss. wife. Lathrop. Pd ckens County, Ala.

Second Liaut .Cleve,land OJ. fjicDennott. Air Service. 1~7 Aero Squad r-ou , For ext raor-ci.nary her oi ern Ln action near Bantheville, Fra.nce, October 18. 1918. 1;1 starting on a. patrol mission Lieut. FcDermott w as delayed .by motor irouble ~ Unable to overtake the ether machines, he continued on alone. Si;:;hting an ener:::y Fokker, he Lmned~~tely gave chase, rulC despite its e:fort to' escape,' succeedeo in aho ot mg it down. Six F'ohkers then SUddenly at.t a cked him, and ti10ubh 11e was outnumbered and blinded 'Jy -:,he sun, he shot down one of them and s cat.t er ed the others. In -'"he midst of this combat his motor stopped, a nd he was forced to glide into friendly terri 'tory. Home address. JO~1n ~vTcDermott. father. 209 Jackson street. Syracuse, N. Y. '

First Li eut , Cleo J. Ross. deceased. Air Service, for extraordinury

he r oLsm in action near Br.aban t , France, SeptemlJ:er 26 I 1918. Lieut. Rose was engaged in an important. observation, regulating artillery fire, when his be.I Lcor. was attacked by enemy pl ane s , One of t.he planes dived from a cloud and fired at the balloon, setting f i.rs to it. and a.lthough he could' have j umped f r-or; the basket at once he refuseJ to leave unt.a L his c ornpam on , a student observer. had jumped. Lieut. Ross then Leap ed , but it was teo late, for the b ur-rn ng balloon dropped on his parachute. He W2..S dasbed to t:--,e ground from a height of 300 meters and killed instantly. Next of kin. E. 1'. Ross. father. Titusville, Fa.

First Lieut. Ralph O'I'ieill: Air Service, pilot. 147th 11.8rO .squadron, fur the f'o Ll.owi.ng act of extraorClinarY'herolsIn in action near, Fresr,'3o. France, July 2-!, 1918. A broms oak led is awar-ded to Lieut. O'Neill. to be worn on the disting'..li shed service C1'03 s awarded to him October 1';;. iS18; Li eu t , 0' l,;eill. with four ether pilotsi_ engaged 12 enemy planes 'd,iscov.erec. hidL:g :.n the sur.• Leading the, way to an advantageous posi ti,on 9Y a series of bold and skillful maneuvers. Lieut. O'Neill shot down the leader of tLe hos td.Le formation. The other German planes then closed in on him. but he climbed to a position of vantage above them and returned to the fi6ht and drove down another plane. In '"~his enc currte r he not only defeated h.i s oppo nenc s in spite of overwhelming oddc against him, but, also enabled the r ec onnaa s sanc e pia ne to carryon i t s wor-k unno Lest ed , Home addres s , Mt's. R. L. O'Neill. mct her-, 218 So noi,ta Street. NOiSales. Ariz.

First Lieut. Robert p. Ellio~t. Air ServicG. pilo~. £6tj, Aero Squadron. For extraordinary he r-oi.sm in action ne ar 02..izy. Fr anc e , October 27. 1918. Lieut. Elliott flew in'a f' ormatd on ove'r -'"he enemy's Li.nus on <.:. bombing exp ed i t Lon , Attar:ked by a greatly super-Lor numb er of en eny pur-s-ri t plane.'>. h i s aileron corrt r oLs SOOl1 shot awb.Y, Li eut , ';;;l.liott continued to lJilot hi s ma ch.ine and give pr-ot ect ion to 'his comrades. When his observer waa s er-i.ous Ly wounde d , Li eirt , Elliott left the formation at great risk to hrrr.se Lf , and ,vi th a d.i sab Lad machine made a safe Lancdng , Home addr e s s , J. lA. ~lliott. fe.t he r , First National Bank, Los Angeles, Cal.

First Lieut. Elmer Pencell, 120th Infantry, Air Servic~. observer. 168th Aero Squadron. For extraordinary he r-oi sm i:l action l-Lov~mber~, 1918 • As cb s er-ver in D. H. 4 plane. Lieut. Pendell 1'1e".'!an IDfa"try cont.ac t rnacha ne over the line of the' 7th Division Novembel' 4, 1918. Bec aus e of exceedingly adver-se 1rr~atl'.er conditions, Lieut. Pend e Ll, di sr egar-de d the dange r 0 f fire from the ground and crossed t he lines at 1.000 feet e.Lti tude. 'Nhile -thus f lyin?, he was wounded in the sh ou Id er by an explosive bullet 'firGc': from the g:'oU!1d. Dis- reg,arding his wound , he C2Jne down to an a Lt i.tud e as ~_ow 8..S 500 f013t. "Ster securing the deai.r-ed Lnf ormat i on h e Vlc'otc out l-~is mecsage ~,'!ith sre~t,'3ffort <':.nc1 dropped it to the di vi sd on , lornc ad dr os s , George C. Fend eLt , [2t:':er. '::;aribou. :"~:, ( -+2- 081140

l\t a mee t i ng of the Board of Cmtr-ol of t.h e hir Service Clubs h.3sod.a ... tion held st ~}le Army nndI,;"~v:r Club, '::'hur'sd:.,y ev erri 1'\,;,' uec8Gber26; 2. monthly r .. ~':0.zin2, t o to::: k novn ~.S thf.l "U.S. All' S8rvico", 1;1[S icuttor:ized, and the Editor- in-Chief Captain Eal"l 1';. Findley was instructed to arrange for thE.: pub Li c atd on of the first issue on or about Feb ruar y Lst , 1919. I An official Association insignia ~as selected for Uce on stationery; ~nd as a badge of membership. It comprises a pair bf Gonventional wings and a propeller similar to the officers' colia~ insignia, ~XC9pt that ~he propeller is P laced horizontally a cove the wings,' and that the tips of the wings curve upwar-d, Pe Low the wi.ngs , and par-trLy covering than, is a shield bearing the letters lI "A.S.C.A. • The inei6nia is the design of J ,E. Caldwell & Co., of Philadelphia,' wh o wi Ll, rc anuf ac t ur e the badges of the Association exclusively.

PJTIongt.he cornnritliees appointed VIas OBB to consider wh;"t ac td vi ties the Association could take up in connection with the preservation a~d pe~,ancnt re- cording of a er-onautd ca L achievements. Cols. Arnold, Crabt-ree ar.d Lt. Col. Castle ~ere appointed on this committee.

A smoker in honor of General Kenly and Col. Arnold and several of the r e t urned officers from over seas, is sched uLed to b e h eLd at the Army and l,r,wy Club cn U:.e eve rri ng of Jan. 1, 1919. A brief entertair.:nent of mus i c and movi ng pictures is p Lanne d in addition to t ra t.al.k s of the. Pilots ",,1,0 have just go tt en buck from the front. The c ommit t.e e in charge is Col. Gillmore,. CoL 'Woods,. Lt. Col. Ca.stle, Lieut. Benhar-, end Lt. Butman.

Tte followin~ officers were present; col. E.F. Davis, Col. H.H. Arnold, Col. 1:.E.Gillrnore, Col. G. H. Crab:t:ree, Col. A.L~ Fuller, Lt. Col. 3.F.Cc:.stle, C:o.pt • .3:Clrl 1'i. Findloy,:\ct. S3CY., Lieut. C. H. Butman, Act. Asst.Secretary, Captain Horace GreGn, and Lieu-t. RI-. F. I3e.nJiarn .•

FOUR ACES PETURN

Four Ame r ic an pilots have recently r et.unne d to t:1i S c ourrt ry from overseas, all unofficially rated as "Aces".

Li eu't , Col. 1Jm. Thaw, of f-'ittsburg, ~(aj. G. J. Bi.ddLe , of Ph i Ludal.phd a , " and ca::.:>tains 3dsar Tobin, of San Antonio, and Re.y Brie-ger.,an of Lake Forest, Ills. arri ved a.~ iJnerican p-orts last week and wer e granted leave' for a few days.

~t is understood that ttree ot l.e r "Aces", Campbell, Rickenbacker and !-f:eissner wer s ordered Lome, but recent reports indicate that Captains Richenbacker and !::eiss.ner ';jent into Germany with their Asro Squadrons.

prOTO S ECTI OlJ

t;uring the we ek the j-ho t ogr aph i c Branch of t.n e Training Section reported t!:~t a mo s ai c containing :;',200 prints had been c ompLe't.ed of Fcrt Sill. The rrh oLe ~li..;.Pmeasures eight by 16 fee-G. Mosaic maps of Venice wer-e recently r e ce i.ve d fran :he J.t~lian ::ission.

'There we r e on Dec. 21, a total of 482 cadets atte.nding the photogr.o..l.J1ic s cn ooLu at (;0:-ne11 and Rocr.erteY'. OS 1140

F,E?ORT OF NrtVY CONSTRUCTION

Dliring th~ f i.scu), y oar ond ed J une 30, lS13/ t.l.e expansion of the Eur e au of Ccn s t r-uc'ta.on and Repair kept pace viith the general naval expansion incident to the war, . says tLe annua.l, report 0 f the chief of bureau to the Secreta~y of the Navy.

AIRCRAFT DIVISIpN

No part of the bu~eau has expanded more rapidly during the year than the Aircraft Division. In view of the comparatively few engineers in the country with experience in aer-o natrtd ca.L design and production, the' o rg aru zatdon and expansion of the l1.ircraft Division has been a heavy strain upon the few officers of the Construction Curps wi th experience along these lines at the t~e of the outbr-eak of t he war , The bureau has been successful, however , in obtaining for its Ai~craft Division a number of experts whose experience in aircraft design and construction dated from th~ ~ioneer days of the art.

Satisfactory types of tY"aining seaplanes had been developed before the war and tLeir pro duc t.r on has been continued without serious d if f'Lcu Lty. Th8 rate o f pr oduc t.i on was adequate by the 1st of january, and the f Ly i ng schools now have a surp Lus of t:,r.'l.in::.ng s e ap Lane s , '!lith a reserve st ock in storage.

While production has been concentrated upon standa~dlz~d types of s eap Lane s , much de.si gn and development work has been undertaken, 'th e nature of which it is not proper to disc~ss at this time.

The aircraft acti vi ties of the' bureau have by no means been restricted to seaplanes. During t.he past year the use. of the ki t e balloon in connection with vessels has increased, and there has de-/eloped a demand for it in Our service. Since' thi'stype of aircraft had never been developed in thi s country, a sui 't ab Le foreign type was imported and copied. 'I'h i e. ha s been pu t into quantity production, and the supply is now in excess of the cemand.

PRODUCTION

At t.he outbreak of the war but few concerns in thi s country wer-e engaged in aircraft alnd motor construction, and. illere W:lS great difficulty and some delay in obtainin;; production from the expanded concerns and tIle new concerns with whom it was necessary to p Lac e orders ',_ Through the Aircraft Board certain concerns were de s i gnated to wor k 'exclusively for the Navy and others to work partly for the NaV'J, their r emaa ni ng f ac I Li,ties being devoted to Army work. Attempts were made to encourage these manuf acturers in every r sa so nab Le way, and their efforts toward production have finally be3n successful. Delays occurred due to various caus e s , such as lack '0 f plans, difficulties in obtaining material, and dif:ficul ties of organi zation and op er-at i.ou of tile aircraft companies t.hem se l vest which couid hardly be avoided ~her. undertaking large expansions under the cond~t~ons existing, durinG the Jear.

In June, 1917) in view of the fact that the aircraft manufacturing c~pacity of tne United states was not sufficient to take care of the country1s needs, tte ide~ of a nav~ aircraft factory came into being. After preliminary i'1vosti=sation and recomn,endation of the bureau) the Secretary of the l"Javy on. JUl.y 27, 1917, authorized the construction of the naval aircraft factory in the 'ri.'J.vyya-:d., Philadelphia to ce unde r the. ge ner al, direction of the c oinma rrlarrt 0 f t~le ;,avy, yard), but to be oper.ated independently of existing yand departments.

On fJ!arch 27," 1918, the first factory':'built boat' was successfully f'Lown, - ar.c: eurl)rin June, 1918, the full capacity of the original factory was r-eache d , Pt this ti:'le it -mpLoyed about 2,000 men and women. The authori zed expansions are now practically completed, multd.p Ly l ng the capacity of the fac t ory about four times, and tr.6 numbur of employees, wnen wor ki.ng at full capacity, will be about 6,000. f (

'r'l~- 081140

AIR S:2H.VICEHi '3J..h'TA RCL:~

Somel sixty wounded soLdi ers stationed in Washington wer e made happy 1');1 CLrist",D.sby tL3 do na t.Lo ns of the officers .ind employees 0 f the J.r.i .1'.. ,:.nr.J ths ?A.? ~nountin~ to aZlO.68.

Chr.i s tmao mor-rring an i.rmy tn).cl~ Laden wi th sixty v.'ell-stuffed Chr Ls tma stockings, and pac kago s of tobacco, books, fruit, C2ilCY, nots paper end a dozen . ct:-,er t.rri ngs , as well as twanty-fi ve out of tov;r., and mor e or less lonesome zirls drew. up at W::trds 1. 21, 3 {};;4 at Walter Heod Hospital, and Christmas for

the boys confined to their cots be~an,. _1 in earnest. .

This little Chr-Ls tma s par-ty was Dade possible by the activities of I:~rs. E. R. Boughton, of the Finc:..nce Branch of the D.M.A.) mother of Capt. W.E. B~ughton of Camp McClellan, Mrs. Boughton herself collected the money, and it is int~resting to know that while she only asked for nickels, quarters, halves ar.d even dollars wer-e donated by the tir service for use in thi s wor thy proj e ct ,

Major David McK. Peterson, A.S., A, Junior Military Aviator, and f' ormer-Ly of the 94fuAero Squadr-o n , ,,"vi th a fine record behind him in the Lafayette zscadrille, is one of the most recent Officers to.join the Air Service Clubs' ;~ssoci2.tion.: Returning from overseas in November,. Major Peterson was detailed in the Trdnin'?; Br-anch of the D.H.A. and was recently transferred to Dorr Field, as Officer in Charge of Flying. Maj. Peterson's hofuf;j;in Honesdale, Pa , Ea bas received tha A~erican Distinguished Cross and an O~k neaf, &nd so~a Fr~nc~ dacorations'for his service overseas •

.Tlle Board app oi.rrt.ed by the Director of ;.{ili tarv Aeronautics -to work o.~t '-'.Peuc e TinJes Crgc.nization for the Air 3er-"ice has announced its personnel and the: f'unc.tdons (If its Sub-BOards to be J.S follows:

BOARDor OF.GA1:IZJ1.TION

C010ne1 C. G. Edgar, Colonel F. H. Kenney, Colonel A. Yioods, IJiajor E. Hubert Lii~hfield,, Recorder.

Operating under this Board are the following Sub-Boards: v '

I!3:'OBILIZATION OF THE DIVISION OF IvlILI'IAFY~ AERONAUTICS.:.-

I-t. CoLoneI George B. Hurrt.er-, Cha'i rman , Lt. Colo:'lel Rush B. Lincoln, Major ~altGr 3eorge Ro~ers.

Colonel William E. Gillmore, Cl-.airman,Colonel Gerald C• Brant, =.,'~. Colonel Thomas Junean, L-c. Colonel Bar t on K. Yount, Lt. Colonel Ira

Lon;2<.neck:::lrI Lt:; Colenel Benj erm.n F. Castle, CG.jJtain John W. Lavic.

~ajor E. nubert Litchfield, Chairman, Lt. J. J. O'Brien. ( (, -15- 051140

Colonel 1Cilion F. Davis, Cha.izman , Lt , Oo Lo neL John Armstrong Drexel, Colonel Seth "N. Co o k , Hnj 01' 'l>lillirun A. Rober'~sol1, Professor Edward L. Thorn- :li/.t~.

INVZNTION AiiD RFS~IRCH

Captain I.delbert Ames, Jr;,. Chairman,Chptain Robert R. McMath, Profes sal' Vlallace C. Sahine.

SUPPLY

Lt. Col. Thomas G. Gallagher, Chairman, Lt. Col. Harold Bennington, :.r3.j. C. S. BentonJ't~r~j. l~falter G. Roger s , ~1aj. Eugene;'E. Deacon) r;;faj. Harold R .. Eyrich, Capt. Jawid R. Wheeler.

E?W3I LI UTI Oi'J

The Officer in Charge .of De:nobilizmtion, announces r:~cently that reports- from all Au Service ac't i vi ties sh ow t.lie i oLi owing preferences on the part of th~ personnel, both cummission~d a~d enlisted: One- ai.ght.h , r eque st complete eepar-at.i, on from th e Servic e • Three-eighths request to enter the Rec;ul.ar Army.. One-half request to enter the Reserve Corps.

AIR SEBVICE DETAC@$NTSOF.m~FED HOrk[~

Fourteen Air Service units of different bra~chesof the service have been ~ssig~ed ear~y convoy back to the United states, according to a statement issued by tne Var Department on December ~6.

The 19th, 30th, 23d, 20th, 36th, 35th e.nd 45tfu Balloon Comp.anies ar9 listed to sail for the United states shortly.

Aero Squadrons, numb er 19, lb99, 466, 480,' 481. and 493 have receivad their embarKation orders • The 6th company of the 2d Air Service Mechanics re- gicent has also received its convoy assigr~ent.

AVIATORS KILillD IN ACTION

According to a recent c orrmunica't i on from overseas, signed by Lt. Col. G. W. DeArmond, Chief of A~.r Personnel, 150 American Aviators lost their lives it, ac ti on in IS18.

The list includes some forty more names than the number reported in the tot:::.l 'fat~lities S;:OVJn on another page of this issue, but a number of the ~f:icers were detailed with the British, French. and Italian Air Forces, J:.:::ordin; to the dates, Capt. James Ely ]\tiller, of the 95ttI Squadron was the ti r st aviator of the .American Air Forees proper, to die in actionj he fell or: !rarch 9th, 1918. C,.

-15- OS1140

AEPONWTICAI.I SHOWSOf)~

Ac c or-o i ng to'a s t a'c eme rrt from the state Department, on Dec8r::.ber20, ?resident Hilson authorized oy wireless the revocation of his pr-ocIiamat i on p rohi.b; ling prrvat.e aeroplane exhibi tions in the Ur~ited States and its possass- ions during the war, issued on .Fan, 1, 1918.

Probably the first exhibition to be scheduled since the issuance of tl,is st atmerrt , is the international aeronautical exposition to be held a~ I~adison Square Garden, New York from February 27 to March 6, 1919. The exposition will be cont"olled by the Nanufacturers' Aircraft Aaoociation. ~~ or-g arri aat.ion composed of most of the plane and engine manufxturers in the United states.

DINNER TO COLONE!.JD'!i:EDS .- Col. E. A. Deed3, formerly of the Aircraft Production Board and the Bureau of Aircraft Producti0n was tendered a complimentary dinner by his friends in the Air S3rvice and a n~nbe" of civilians in touch with aircraft production. on December 20. The remarks of the speakers echoed vocally the rising vote of thanks extended to Colonel Deeds by the assi~bly for his activities as an offlcial charged w~th aircraft production.

He was presented with a be autdf'uLl.y illuminated testimonial, drawn by Felix; Eahoney the 1.'rashin3tonArtist, expres sing the co nfidence of the signers in the official integrity of Colonel Deeds. Among those present werei Asst. Secretary of War Crowell; Cenar aL Squier, Colonel Waldon, Admi:rl.alTaylor, Lt. Col. Horner, Lieut, Ermond, General Cormack British Air Board, and re~ presentativesof the other Allied Air Forces. IJr.l;!alcott,and Orville Wright and Mr .•Po~"t>:rwer-e also present.

AIR SERVICE CLUB EEMBERSHIP

The total membership of the A.S.C.A. now numbers 1125, Colonel. H. H. Arnold being one of the las~ to join. Colonel Arnold, ~ho was Assistant Director of !-.':ilitaryAeronautics,until he was sent over seas. is a "member of the Board of Control of the Association.

The benefits of the Association are numerous. Surely all men who r.ave been pioneers in the development of the Air Service of the United States Arr:q in t:ne ii'i rst Aeri.al War-t VIi11 always ';,:unttokeep in touch with the progress of aviation even after they retur~ to civil life. Through this organ- iZQtion, i~s publications and social meetings, this can best be accomplisned.

You v:ill have a voice in the future of Pmerican Aviation, for the Association is bound to be recognized as official, authoritative and as a last court of jud~nent on matters of the air.