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The Leafhoppers, Or Cicadellidae, of Illinois (Eurymelinae-Balcluthinae)

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The Leafhoppers, Or Cicadellidae, of Illinois (Eurymelinae-Balcluthinae) BULLETIN of the ILLINOIS NATURAL HISTORY SURVEY HARLOW B. MILLS, Chief The Leafhoppers, or Cicadellidae, of Illinois (Eurymelinae-Balcluthinae) D. M. DELONG PriDted by Authority of the STATE OF ILLINOIS DWIGHT H. GREEN, Govtrnor DEPARTMENT OF REGISTRATION AND EDUCATION FRANK G. THOMPSON, Dirtctor STATE t) F I 1. I, I N O I S DwiGiiT H. CiREES', Governor PEPARTMENT OF REGISTRATION ANi:) EDUCATION Frank G. Thompson, Director \^ ^- \' N A T U R A L HISTORY S U R E I ) I 1 S I O N Hari.o\\ B. Mii.i.s, (-liicf \ olumc 24 BULI^K TIN Article 2 The Leafhoppers, or Cicadellidae, of Illinois (Eurymelinae— Balcluthinae) ]). M. 1)1 f,c)Nc; Priulid hy Jul/iority of the Stall- of Illinois URBANA, ILLINOIS June 194S STATE OF ILLINOIS DwiGHT H. Green, Governor DEPARTMENT OF REGISTRATION AND EDUCATION Frank G. Thompson, Director BOARD OF NATURAL RESOURCES AND CONSERVATION Frank G. Thompson, Chairman A. E. Emerson, Ph.D., Rio/oxv George D. Stoddard, Ph.D., Litt.D., L.H.D., L. H Tiffany, Ph.D., Forestry LL.D., President of the Ihiivcrsily nj Illinois l' R. Howson, B.S.C.E., C.E., Walter H. Newhoi'isk, Ph.D., Geology Engineering Roger Adams, Ph.D., D.Sc, Chemistry NATURAL HISTORY SURVEY DIVISION Urbana, Illinois Scientific and Technical Staff H.^Ri.ow B. Mills, Ph.D., Chief Bessie B. Henderson, M.S., Assistant to the Chief Section of Economic Entomology Section of Forestry Entomologist George C. Decker, Ph.D., WiLLET N. Wandell, M.F., Forester and and Head Head M.S., Entomologist J. H. Bigger, Lawson B. Culver, B.S., Associate in Entomologist L. L. English, Ph.D., Forestry Extension C. J. Weinman, Ph.D., Entomologist S. C. Chandler, B.S., Associate Entomolo- gist Section of Game Research and Manage- James W. Apple, M.S., Associate Ento- ment mologist Willis N. Bruce, M.A,, Assistant Ento- Ralph E. Veatter, Ph.D., Game Specialist mologist Frank C. Bellrose, B.S., Associate Game John M. Wright, B.A., Assistant Ento- Specialist mologist Harold C. Hanson, M.S., Assistant Game H. B. Petty, M.A., Associate in E.ntomolo- Specialist B.S., Field Assistant gy Extension Dean H. Ecke, George F. Ludvik, M.A., Special Re- search Assistant Section of Applied Botany and Plant John E. Porter, Vi.?)., Laboratory Assistan Pathology Section of Faxinistic Surveys and Insect Leo R. Tehon, Ph.D., Botanist and Head Identification J. Cedric Carter, Ph.D., Plant Pathologist H. H. Ross, Ph.D., Systematic Entomolo- J. L. Forsberg, M.S., Associate Plant gist and Head Pathologist Milton W. Sanderson, Ph.D., Associate G. H. Boewe, M.S., Assistant Plant Pa- Taxonomist thologist B. D. Burks, Ph.D., Associate Taxonomist Robert A. Evers, M.S., Assistant Botanist .AuDRA Thompson, Technical Assistant Lewis J. Stannard, Jr., M.S., Assistant Taxonomist Leonora K. Gloyd, M.S., Laboratory Section of Publications and Public Re- Assistant lations Philip W. Smith, '&.S., Laboratory Assistant Dorothy A. Moulton, Technical Assistant James S. Ayars, B.S., Technical Editor and Head Section of Aquatic Biology Drew S. Wetzel, M.S., Assistant Techni- George W. Bennett, Ph.D., Agnatic cal Editor Biologist and Head Charles L. Scott, Assistant Technical P. G. Barnickol, M.A., Aquatic Biologist Photographer D. F. Hansen, Ph.D., Assistant Aquatic Biologist Cooperative Wildlife Research Jacob H. Lemm, Field Assistant Daniel Avery, Field Assistant C. C. Swears, M.F., Project Leader Paul Moore, B.S., Project Leader Technical J. Library George C. Arthur, B.S., Project Leader Marguerite Simmons, M.A., M.S., Tech- A. B. Cowan, B.S.F., Assistant Project nical Librarian Leader Consultant in Herpetology: Hobaiii- M. Smith, Ph.D., Professor of Zoology, University of Ulinois. This paper if a contribution from the Sectitni itf Fattnislir Surveys and Insect Itlenliftcatiou. (391.30—2M— 6-47) . FORE W () R I) IN 19.?4 a project was or};anizetl to in- Dr. DcLong at Coliinibus, ( )liiii, and we vcstijzatc the Cicadellidac, or Icafhop- are very grateful to him for contributing pcrs, of Illinois and to prepare a compre- so much of his own time to this project. hensive report on the fauna of the state. We also wish to express our gratitude to Dr. D. M. DeLong, Ohio State University, Dr. Herbert Osborn of Ohio State Uni- Columbus, Ohio, very kindly accepted the versity, Dr. P. W. Oman and Dr. H. E. post as project leader to direct the field Dorst of the U. S. Department of Agricul- work, identify the material, and write the ture, and Dr. R. A. Bcamer of the Univer- final report. Accordingly, Dr. DeLong was sity of Kansas for the loan of drawings or employed by the Illinois Natural History cuts, for permission to use illustrative ma- Survey as Assistant Entomologist during terial, or for other assistance; and to Miss the summers of 1934, 1935, 1936, and 1938, Ruth V. Hershberger of Ohio State Uni- and as Research Entomologist for ihortcr versity for making many drawings of diag- periods in 1941 and 1945. nostic parts. In general pattern, the field program for Several members of our staff in the Sec- the leafhopper study followed that for the tion of Faunistic Surveys and Insect Identi- .Natural History Survey's study of other fication have contributed materially to the groups, such as the Miridae. From 1934 project. All members of the section have through 193b collecting trips, to various assisted with the field program. The origi- parts of the state, were planned to include nal total views of leafhoppers are the work as many diverse ecological types as possible. of Dr. Carl O. Mohr, Associate Entomolo- Areas of natural vegetation provided the gist and Artist. Mrs. Elizabeth N. Max- most extensive faunal possibilities. Many well, Artist, has contributed many drawings of these exist throughout Illinois in the of diagnostic parts used in the subfamily state parks and forests, in national forests, and generic keys, and she and the Survey along railroad rights-of-way, and in small draftsman, Mr. James W. Curfman, have scattered areas that are not readily arable. assembled, numbered, and lettered the Altogether, several hundred thousand leaf- plates. Miss Phyllis A. Beaver, Laboratory hoppers were collected, of which over 30,- Assistant, assembled and summarized the 000 were mounted for study and added to Illinois records in our files, and Dr. B. D. the 5.000 specimens already in the Survey Burks, Associate Taxonomist, prepared collection. Because of the size of the group the bibliography. Adapting the manuscript it was decided to exclude from the present to current Survey practices, modifying the report the large subfamily Cicadellinae keys to emphasize as much as possible char- (formerly Typhlocybinae) acters that could be illustrated, and inte- During the period of the 1930's, the taxo- grating in our ofSce the many parts of the nomic status of many leafhopper genera manuscript represent the painstaking and was in a state of flux, because of the in- effectual work of Dr. Milton W. Sander- creasing employment of genitalic characters son, Associate Taxonomist. The index to for specific identification. In consideration scientific names was made by Mrs. Leonora of this, the preparation of the final leaf- K. Gloyd, Laboratory Assistant. We have hopper manuscript was postponed for several enjoyed throughout the help and cooperation years pending studies of various large gen- of the Survey Technical Editor. Mr. James era such as Gypona and Idiocirus. S. Ayars. A large portion of the identifications and Herbert H. Ross, preparation of the manuscript was done by Systematic Entomologist '/• c n y /; .v r s HIOLOGV 97 HiliL-rnation. — Keedini,' llahits. i:C()1.0(;iCAl. RKl.AIIONSHIRS Sand llaliitats. -Isolated Grass Areas. -Marshes. Woodland .Areas. —(Jpeii Hillsides. I-.CONO.MIC .S'rA'I'U.S 105 I'AXONOMV 106 .Sv sterna tie t'liaraeters. Ki.v lo ,Sr lu AMii.ii.s 1()8 !•'. U K !• M K 1.1 N A E Ill .MaCROI'SINAE I 2.1 \ 1 o \ I N A E 1 J I .Al.Al.l.lINAE 132 Hv 1 HOSCOIMNAE 138 Tei Tl<;ONlEl.l.lNAE 139 KvACAN THINAE 153 Pe.N THIMIINAE 154 (JVI'ONINAE 155 l.EDRINAE 169 UoRVUIlNAE 170 .Al'llKODINAE 178 .'\1hvsan1nae 181 Jassinae 343 NEOeOKl.IDIlNAE . , .M5 BalCI.U THINAE .146 ClCADF.l.l.lNAE . 349 i.ni KA I iKi- CI ri'i) 357 INDIA 367 An area of marbh graises in an oak wooJs near Amboy, Illinois. The diversity of plaiit species in this spot makes it an ideal collecting ground for leafhoppers. Distinctive forms of trees, shrubs, herbs, or grasses all occur within this small area. The Leafhoppers, or Cicadellidae, of Illinois (Eurymelinae-Balcluthinae) D. M. DeLong TIIK lcatlujp|)crs, or CiVadelliilac, con- spring, usually in May or June, and the stitute one of the larj;est taniilies of nymphs feed on the new, tender leaves. insects in North America and also in Spejies of leafhoppers that pass the winter tile entire world, rivaling in number of as adults normally come out of their hiber- species such groups as the rove beetles, or nation quarters during the first warm days Staphylinidae, the hymenopterous family of spring and begin to lay eggs as soon as Ichneumijiiidae, and the weevil family Cur- the leaves of their host are fully developed. culioniilae. When complete, the Illinois list These eggs hatch in about 10 days. There ut leafhoppers will probably be close to 700 are five nymphal instars in the life cycle species. This report deals with about half before the adult stage, which usually re- of the Illinois leaf hopper species, compris- quires from 12 to 30 days, depending upon ing 16 subfamilies.
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