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The Vocabulary of Inanimate Nature As a Part of Turkic-Mongolian Language Commonness
ISSN 2039-2117 (online) Mediterranean Journal of Social Sciences Vol 6 No 6 S2 ISSN 2039-9340 (print) MCSER Publishing, Rome-Italy November 2015 The Vocabulary of Inanimate Nature as a Part of Turkic-Mongolian Language Commonness Valentin Ivanovich Rassadin Doctor of Philological Sciences, Professor, Department of the Kalmyk language and Mongolian studies Director of the Mongolian and Altaistic research Scientific centre, Kalmyk State University 358000, Republic of Kalmykia, Elista, Pushkin street, 11 Doi:10.5901/mjss.2015.v6n6s2p126 Abstract The article deals with the problem of commonness of Turkic and Mongolian languages in the area of vocabulary; a layer of vocabulary, reflecting the inanimate nature, is subject to thorough analysis. This thematic group studies the rubrics, devoted to landscape vocabulary, different soil types, water bodies, atmospheric phenomena, celestial sphere. The material, mainly from Khalkha-Mongolian and Old Written Mongolian languages is subject to the analysis; the data from Buryat and Kalmyk languages were also included, as they were presented in these languages. The Buryat material was mainly closer to the Khalkha-Mongolian one. For comparison, the material, mainly from the Old Turkic language, showing the presence of similar words, was included; it testified about the so-called Turkic-Mongolian lexical commonness. The analysis of inner forms of these revealed common lexemes in the majority of cases allowed determining their Turkic origin, proved by wide occurrence of these lexemes in Turkic languages and Turkologists' acknowledgement of their Turkic origin. The presence of great quantity of common vocabulary, which origin is determined as Turkic, testifies about repeated ancient contacts of Mongolian and Turkic languages, taking place in historical retrospective, resulting in hybridization of Mongolian vocabulary. -
Lost for Words Maria Mikulcova
Lost for Words Effects of Soviet Language Policies on the Self-Identification of Buryats in Post-Soviet Buryatia Maria Mikulcova A thesis submitted in partial fulfilment of the degree of MA Russian and Eurasian Studies Leiden University June 2017 Supervisor: Dr. E.L. Stapert i Abstract Throughout the Soviet rule Buryats have been subjected to interventionist legislation that affected not only their daily lives but also the internal cohesion of the Buryat group as a collective itself. As a result of these measures many Buryats today claim that they feel a certain degree of disconnection with their own ethnic self-perception. This ethnic estrangement appears to be partially caused by many people’s inability to speak and understand the Buryat language, thus obstructing their connection to ancient traditions, knowledge and history. This work will investigate the extent to which Soviet linguistic policies have contributed to the disconnection of Buryats with their own language and offer possible effects of ethnic language loss on the self-perception of modern day Buryats. ii iii Declaration I, Maria Mikulcova, declare that this MA thesis titled, ‘Lost for Words - Effects of Soviet Language Policies on the Self-Identification of Buryats in Post-Soviet Buryatia’ and the work presented in it are entirely my own. I confirm that: . This work was done wholly while in candidature for a degree at this University. Where I have consulted the published work of others, this is always clearly attributed. Where I have quoted from the work of others, the source is always given. With the exception of such quotations, this thesis is entirely my own work. -
Siberia and India: Historical Cultural Affinities
Dr. K. Warikoo 1 © Vivekananda International Foundation 2020 Published in 2020 by Vivekananda International Foundation 3, San Martin Marg | Chanakyapuri | New Delhi - 110021 Tel: 011-24121764 | Fax: 011-66173415 E-mail: [email protected] Website: www.vifindia.org Follow us on Twitter | @vifindia Facebook | /vifindia All Rights Reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted in any form, or by any means electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording or otherwise without the prior permission of the publisher Dr. K. Warikoo is former Professor, Centre for Inner Asian Studies, School of International Studies, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi. He is currently Senior Fellow, Nehru Memorial Museum and Library, New Delhi. This paper is based on the author’s writings published earlier, which have been updated and consolidated at one place. All photos have been taken by the author during his field studies in the region. Siberia and India: Historical Cultural Affinities India and Eurasia have had close social and cultural linkages, as Buddhism spread from India to Central Asia, Mongolia, Buryatia, Tuva and far wide. Buddhism provides a direct link between India and the peoples of Siberia (Buryatia, Chita, Irkutsk, Tuva, Altai, Urals etc.) who have distinctive historico-cultural affinities with the Indian Himalayas particularly due to common traditions and Buddhist culture. Revival of Buddhism in Siberia is of great importance to India in terms of restoring and reinvigorating the lost linkages. The Eurasianism of Russia, which is a Eurasian country due to its geographical situation, brings it closer to India in historical-cultural, political and economic terms. -
Minority Languages in Russia and the Rise of Voluntary Assimilation
MINORITY LANGUAGES IN RUSSIA AND THE RISE OF VOLUNTARY ASSIMILATION By NIKITA BOZICEVIC SENIOR THESIS SUBMITTED TO THE DEPARTMENT OF LANGUAGES, LITERATURES, AND CULTURES OF THE UNIVERSITY OF FLORIDA FOR CONSIDERATION OF HONORS UNIVERSITY OF FLORIDA 2020 Bozicevic 1 MINORITY LANGUAGES IN RUSSIA AND THE RISE OF VOLUNTARY ASSIMILATION By Nikita Bozicevic May 2020 Majors: FLL-Russian Linguistics ABSTRACT In the Russian Federation, many groups have dedicated extensive time and resources toward minority language preservation, and yet a growing number of minority languages are becoming endangered or extinct. During the mid-twentieth century, this language loss was often caused by forced assimilation directed by the government, but today the issue is far more complex. Despite increased legal protections and funding to support minority languages, as well as various efforts by groups working toward preservation, minority language loss continues to occur. This paper will argue that voluntary assimilation is now one of the major driving forces of minority language loss in the Russian Federation, and it is caused not by one reason, but by a combination of various intertwining societal, political, and economic factors. Bozicevic 2 Introduction When a language is lost, a culture and history is lost with it. It is estimated that there are about one-hundred-fifty minority languages in Russia (Aref'ev, 83), all with varying statuses and preservation efforts. Many of these languages are considered endangered, some having fewer than a thousand speakers left, such as the Archi language (Dobrushina, 77-83), and the Yukaghir language with fewer than fifty. Historically, speakers of these languages struggled against assimilation efforts from the Russian and Soviet governments. -
[.35 **Natural Language Processing Class Here Computational Linguistics See Manual at 006.35 Vs
006 006 006 DeweyiDecimaliClassification006 006 [.35 **Natural language processing Class here computational linguistics See Manual at 006.35 vs. 410.285 *Use notation 019 from Table 1 as modified at 004.019 400 DeweyiDecimaliClassification 400 400 DeweyiDecimali400Classification Language 400 [400 [400 *‡Language Class here interdisciplinary works on language and literature For literature, see 800; for rhetoric, see 808. For the language of a specific discipline or subject, see the discipline or subject, plus notation 014 from Table 1, e.g., language of science 501.4 (Option A: To give local emphasis or a shorter number to a specific language, class in 410, where full instructions appear (Option B: To give local emphasis or a shorter number to a specific language, place before 420 through use of a letter or other symbol. Full instructions appear under 420–490) 400 DeweyiDecimali400Classification Language 400 SUMMARY [401–409 Standard subdivisions and bilingualism [410 Linguistics [420 English and Old English (Anglo-Saxon) [430 German and related languages [440 French and related Romance languages [450 Italian, Dalmatian, Romanian, Rhaetian, Sardinian, Corsican [460 Spanish, Portuguese, Galician [470 Latin and related Italic languages [480 Classical Greek and related Hellenic languages [490 Other languages 401 DeweyiDecimali401Classification Language 401 [401 *‡Philosophy and theory See Manual at 401 vs. 121.68, 149.94, 410.1 401 DeweyiDecimali401Classification Language 401 [.3 *‡International languages Class here universal languages; general -
Recent Scholarship from the Buryat Mongols of Siberia
ASIANetwork Exchange | fall 2012 | volume 20 |1 Review essay: Recent Scholarship from the Buryat Mongols of Siberia Etnicheskaia istoriia i kul’turno-bytovye traditsii narodov baikal’skogo regiona. [The Ethnic History and the Traditions of Culture and Daily Life of the Peoples of the Baikal Region] Ed. M. N. Baldano, O. V. Buraeva and D. D. Nimaev. Ulan-Ude: Institut mongolovedeniia, buddologii i tibetologii Sibirskogo otdeleniia Rossiiskoi Akademii nauk, 2010. 243 pp. ISBN 978-5-93219-245-0. Keywords Siberia; Buryats; Mongols Siberia’s vast realms have often fallen outside the view of Asian Studies specialists, due perhaps to their centuries-long domination by Russia – a European power – and their lack of elaborately settled civilizations like those elsewhere in the Asian landmass. Yet Siberia has played a crucial role in Asian history. For instance, the Xiongnu, Turkic, and Mongol tribes who frequently warred with China held extensive Southern Siberian territories, and Japanese interventionists targeted Eastern Siberia during the Russian Civil War (1918- 1921). Moreover, far from being a purely ethnic-Russian realm, Siberia possesses dozens of indigenous Asian peoples, some of whom are clearly linked to other, more familiar Asian nations: for instance, the Buryats of Southeastern Siberia’s Lake Baikal region share par- ticularly close historic, ethnic, linguistic, religious, and cultural ties with the Mongols. The Buryats, who fell under Russian rule over the seventeenth century, number over 400,000 and are the largest native Siberian group. Most dwell in the Buryat Republic, or Buryatia, which borders Mongolia to the south and whose capital is Ulan-Ude (called “Verkheneu- dinsk” during the Tsarist period); others inhabit Siberia’s neighboring Irkutsk Oblast and Zabaikal’skii Krai (formerly Chita Oblast), and tens of thousands more live in Mongolia and China. -
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The European Proceedings of Social and Behavioural Sciences EpSBS www.europeanproceedings.com e-ISSN: 2357-1330 DOI: 10.15405/epsbs.2020.10.05.429 SCTMG 2020 International Scientific Conference «Social and Cultural Transformations in the Context of Modern Globalism» CHINESE BORROWINGS IN THE OIRAT-KALMYKIAN LANGUAGE CONTINUUM: ANIMALISTIC AND LEGAL VOCABULARY Omakaeva Ellara Ulyaevna (a)*, Korneeva Aliya Khamidullayevna (b), Tsebekova Gilyana (c), Basanov Vladimir (d), Vankayeva Evgeniya (e) *Corresponding author (a) Kalmyk State University named after B.B. Gorodovikov, 11, Pushkina str., Elista, 358000, Republic of Kalmykia, Russia, [email protected] (b) Kalmyk State University named after B.B. Gorodovikov, 11, Pushkina str., Elista, 358000, Republic of Kalmykia, Russia, [email protected] (c) Kalmyk State University named after B.B. Gorodovikov, 11, Pushkina str., Elista, 358000, Republic of Kalmykia, Russia, [email protected] (d) Kalmyk State University named after B.B. Gorodovikov, 11, Pushkina str., Elista, 358000, Republic of Kalmykia, Russia, [email protected] (e) Kalmyk State University named after B.B. Gorodovikov, 11, Pushkina str., Elista, 358000, Republic of Kalmykia, Russia, [email protected] Abstract The paper deals with one of the most poorly studied layers of borrowed lexicon of the modern Kalmykian language – Chinese words. Modern Kalmyk language is one of the languages of Mongolian language group, one of the language successors of Oirat language. Two types of borrowed lexicon can be distinguished in it, depending on the path of its penetration: lexicon, borrowed directly, as a result of contacts of Kalmyks and their ancestors-oyrates with other peoples, as well as those lexical units that penetrated into the Kalmyk language through the recipient languages: Türkic, Ugrian, Tungus and others. -
The Food Code in the Yakut Culture: Semantics and Functions
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL & SCIENCE EDUCATION 2016, VOL. 11, NO.18 , 11485-11493 OPEN ACCESS The Food Code in the Yakut Culture: Semantics and Functions Luiza Lvovna Gabyshevaa aThe Ammosov North-Eastern Federal University, Yakutsk, Sakha Republic (Yakutia), Russian Federation ABSTRACT The relevance of researching the issue of a specific cultural meaning for a word in a folklore text is based on its being insufficiently studied and due to the importance for solving the problem of the folklore language semantic features. Yakut nominations for dairy products, which are the key words in the language of the Sakha people’s folklore, have not been an object of a special study yet. In this regard, this study aims to analyze the symbolic meanings and the semiotic functions of the Yakut food nominations and motivation for their metaphorization in the context of the mythopoetic worldview. The lexical analysis of a word is accompanied in this work with cultural and semiotic excursions into the field of material culture, ritual practices, customs, and so on; in other words, a linguistic sign is regarded in the context of other, non-linguistic, signs. The language semantics, in turn, allows interpreting and presenting seemingly disparate information and bizarre culture components in a single dynamic system. The advantage of the suggested approach is that the analysis of the vocabulary in the background of all the native speakers’ cultural presupposition actualizes the cultural meaning of a word and its referent, potential semes and various connotations, providing a more accurate interpretation of both the word and the text as a whole. -
Evaluation of UNESCO's Action to Revitalize and Promote Indigenous
INTERNAL OVERSIGHT SERVICE Evaluation Office INTERNAL OVERSIGHT SERVICE Evaluation Office i Management Response INTERNAL OVERSIGHT SERVICE United Nations Educational, Scientific and Evaluation Office Cultural Organization EVALUATION OF UNESCO’S ACTION TO REVITALIZE AND PROMOTE INDIGENOUS LANGUAGES Within the framework of the International Year of Indigenous Languages March 2021 IOS/EVS/PI/194 ©Shutterstock /Monkey©Shutterstock Business Images ii Commissioning Office: UNESCO Internal Oversight Service (IOS), Evaluation Office Ekaterina Sediakina Rivière, Evaluation Manager, UNESCO Evaluation Office Martyna Wanat, Evaluation Consultant, UNESCO Evaluation Office Authors: Claire Thomas, Lydia van de Fliert, Oliver Loode, Silvia Quattrini, Mihaela Cojocaru Minority Rights Group International Indigenous Advisory Committee members: Africa: Dr. Mariam Wallet Aboubakrine and Nouha Grine; Arctic: Aluki Kotierk; Asia: Dr. Maung Nyeu; Eastern Europe, Russia and Transcaucasia: Dimitry Harakka-Zaytsev; North America: Dr. Wesley Leonard; South, Central America and Caribbean: Irma Pineda Santiago. Professor Ghil’ad Zuckermann. Chair of Linguistics and Endangered Languages, University of Adelaide, provided linguistic advice and Dr. Wesley Leonard shared an analysis of the key concepts of the International Year of Indigenous Languages 2019 and the International Decade of International Languages 2022-2023 to inform the evaluation. Evaluation Reference Group Members: Irmgarda Kasinskaite, Coordinator IYIL2019, UNESCO Communication and Information (CI) Sector -
Factors in National-Language Development: the Buryat Example
Factors in national-language development: The Buryat example Dyrkheeva Galina Alexandrovna Lead Scientific Researcher, Institute of Mongolian, Buddhist and Tibetan Studies, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences Russia Abstract As is true of many of Russia’s other multinational republics, Buryatia has its own ethnolinguistic problems. Chief among them is the problem of contact between minority languages (such as Buryat) and the language of the larger nation (Russian). In the last decade the Buryat language situation has been the focus of research and discussion within the Buryat community. Most researchers note that, in spite of Russia’s ten-year democratization, the ethnolinguistic situation in the majority of the republics is essentially unchanged. The process of internationalization (as part of globalization) and russification is proceeding. Passing of the language law has not influenced the language situation either. To investigate the ethnolinguistic situation in Buryatia, we needed an ethno-socio-psycholinguistic approach that would allow us to study the interaction of languages and their speakers. This approach allowed us to identify the maximum number of factors that influence the ethnolinguistic processes (historical, social, cultural, psychological, legal, linguistic and so on). The results of the investigation showed that the main factors of ethnolinguistic transformations and prevalence of Russian-speaking people (Buryats are about 25%) lead to weakening of cultural-language steadiness, to the loss of some elements of ethnic originality and to the gradual loss of the mother tongues. This paper describes the ethnolinguistic research that took place in the Buryat language community and it’s general conclusions. The paper also describes some of the efforts of Buryat mother tongue speakers to strengthen and maintain their language. -
Proceedings of the 1St Conference on Central Asian Languages and Linguistics
Proceedings of the 1st Conference on Central Asian Languages and Linguistics (ConCALL -1) Volume 1 Edited by 16- 17 May 2014 Dr. Öner Özçelik and Bloomington, Indiana Amber Kennedy Kent (C) ConCALL-1 2014 Proceedings copyrighted by Indiana University, CeLCAR (C) All papers copyrighted by the authors 2014 Proceedings of the 1st Conference on Central Asian Languages and Linguistics (ConCALL) Volume 1/edited by Dr. Öner Özçelik and Amber Kennedy Kent ISBN: 978-0-9961762-0-0 1. Central Asian Languages - Congresses For information on ConCALL-1 (held on 16-17 May 2014, Bloomington, Indiana), visit our website at http://www.iub.edu/~celcar/ConCALL/ Published by Center for Languages of the Central Asian Region Eigenmann Hall 702 1900 E. Tenth Street Bloomington, IN 47406-7512 USA http://www.iub.edu/~celcar/ iii History of ConCALL The Conference on Central Asian Languages and Linguistics (ConCALL) was founded in 2014 at Indiana University under the leadership of Dr. Öner Özçelik, the residing director of the Center for Languages of the Central Asian Region (CeLCAR), with grants and contributions from the U.S. Department of Education and several units at Indiana University, including the Ostrom Grant Programs, College of Arts and Humanities Center (CAHI), Inner Asian and Uralic National Resource, College of Arts and Sciences, School of Global and International Studies (SGIS), Sinor Research Institute for Inner Asian Studies (SRIFIAS), Department of Cen- tral Eurasian Studies (CEUS), and Department of Linguistics. As the nation’s sole U.S. Department of Education funded Language Resource Center focusing on the languages of the Central Asian Region, CeLCAR’s main mission is to strengthen and improve the nation’s capacity for teaching and learning Central Asian languages through teacher training, research, materials devel- opment projects, and dissemination. -
The Buryat Body Parts Names
Acta Orientalia Hung. 73 (2020) 4, 617–632 DOI: 10.1556/062.2020.00032 Th e Buryat Body Parts Names: Face* BAYARMA KHABTAGAEVA University of Szeged, Department of Altaic Studies, H-6722 Szeged, Egyetem u. 2, Hungary E-mail: [email protected] Received: August 9, 2019 • Accepted: July 22, 2020 © 2020 The Author ABSTRACT Th ere are six diff erent terms to refer to the ‘face’ in Buryat. Th e aim of the present paper is to clarify the dif- ference in the usage of all these various terms: which one is used as a body part anatomically, which one is used mostly with metaphorical meanings, which one has a common meaning as appearance, or whether all of them are used equally in all categories. Th e terms are explored from etymological, semantic and morpho- logical aspects. KEYWORDS body parts names, etymology, semantics, metaphor, derivation, grammaticalization * This paper is supported by the Alexander von Humboldt Foundation. I would like to express my thanks to Professor Elisabetta Ragagnin (Ca’Foscari University of Venice) and two anonymous reviewers for their valuable comments. Unauthenticated | Downloaded 10/01/21 05:32 AM UTC 618 Acta Orientalia Hung. 73 (2020) 4, 617–632 INTRODUCTION In Buryat,1 six terms are used to refer to the ‘face’, including nyūr, šarai, šeg, zühen, dürse and xamar aman, which all cover the same area in the front of the head excluding the ears. Nyūr and šarai are the terms most frequently used by Buryat speakers in ordinary situations. Other terms are used rarely, only in specific situations. The aim of the present paper is to clarify the differ- ence in the usage of all these various terms for ‘face’ in Buryat: which one is used as a body part anatomically, which one is used mostly with metaphorical meanings, which one has a common meaning as appearance, or whether all of them are used equally in all categories.