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Stability and Change in Predictors of Marital Dissolution in the US 1950‐2015: the Rise of Family Inequality
Stability and Change in Predictors of Marital Dissolution in the US 1950‐2015: The Rise of Family Inequality ©Michael J. Rosenfeld, 2019 Draft Date: 8/2/2019 Michael J.Rosenfeld* Katharina Roesler† Presented at the American Sociological Association meetings in New York August, 2019 * Michael J. Rosenfeld, Department of Sociology, Stanford University, 450 Serra Mall, Stanford, CA 94305. Email: [email protected]. Web: www.stanford.edu/~mrosenfe. Roesler, with feedback from Rosenfeld, prepared (with substantial commitment of time) the harmonized NSFG event history dataset used in the paper. Rosenfeld, with feedback from Roesler, performed the analyses and wrote the paper. Thanks to Soomin Kim, Sonia Hausen, Meghan Warner, Taylor Orth, and Stanford’s Graduate Family Workshop for comments on previous drafts. † Katharina Roesler, Quora Inc., email: [email protected]. Abstract: In this paper, we examine change and stability in the predictors of marital dissolution using 7 decades of data from the National Survey of Family Growth. We find interraciality and premarital cohabitation to have had a stable association with marital dissolution over time. In the post‐2000 era, marital dissolution rates between some high status groups (women with college degrees and women from intact families) have diverged from the marital dissolution rates of lower status groups, indicating increasing inequality in the family system. The divorce gap between black women and white women narrowed after the Civil Rights gains of the 1960s, but after 2000 the racial divorce gap has seemed to widen again. Stability and Change in Predictors of Marital Dissolution in the US 1950‐2015: The Rise of Family Inequality Introduction: From the 1950s to 2015, American patterns of marriage and divorce have undergone enormous change. -
Re-Examining the Philosophical Underpinnings of the Melting Pot Vs. Multiculturalism in the Current Immigration Debate in the United States
Re-examining the Philosophical Underpinnings of the Melting Pot vs. Multiculturalism in the Current Immigration Debate in the United States Daniel Woldeab College of Individualized Studies, Metropolitan State University, St. Paul, MN, USA [email protected] https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8267-7570 Robert M. Yawson School of Business, Quinnipiac University Hamden, CT, USA [email protected] https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6215-4345 Irina M. Woldeab Minnesota Department of Natural Resources, St. Paul, MN, USA [email protected] In: Harnessing Analytics for Enhancing Healthcare & Business. Proceedings of the 50th Northeast Decision Sciences Institute (NEDSI) Annual Meeting, Pgs. 264 - 285. Virtual Conference, March 26-27, 2021. https://doi.org/10.31124/advance.14749101.v1 Copyright ©2021 Daniel Woldeab, Robert M. Yawson, and Irina Woldeab 2 Abstract Immigration to the United States is certainly not a new phenomenon, and it is therefore natural for immigration, culture and identity to be given due attention by the public and policy makers. However, current discussion of immigration, legal and illegal, and the philosophical underpinnings is ‘lost in translation’, not necessarily on ideological lines, but on political orientation. In this paper we reexamine the philosophical underpinnings of the melting pot versus multiculturalism as antecedents and precedents of current immigration debate and how the core issues are lost in translation. We take a brief look at immigrants and the economy to situate the current immigration debate. We then discuss the two philosophical approaches to immigration and how the understanding of the philosophical foundations can help streamline the current immigration debate. Keywords: Immigration, multiculturalism, melting pot, ethnic identity, acculturation, assimilation In: Harnessing Analytics for Enhancing Healthcare & Business. -
9 Tokyo Standardization, Ludic Language Use and Nascent Superdiversity
9 Tokyo Standardization, ludic language use and nascent superdiversity Patrick Heinrich and Rika Yamashita The study of language in the city has never been a prominent subject in Japanese sociolinguistics. The negligence of city sociolinguistics in Japan notwithstanding, there is a wide range of issues to be found in Tokyo, which reveal the intricate ways in which language and society relate to one another.1 In this chapter, we discuss two interrelated issues. Firstly, we outline the case of language standardization, which subsequently led to various destandardization phenomena and ludic language use. Secondly, we discuss how language diversity in Tokyo has grown in recent years and how it is no longer swept under the carpet and hidden. Tokyoites, too, are diversify- ing as an effect. We shall start, though, with a brief sociolinguistic history of Tokyo. From feudal Edo to Tokyo as a global city There exists no such place as “Tokyo City”. There is “Inner Tokyo”, comprised of 23 wards; there is “Metropolitan Tokyo” made up of the 23 wards and the Tama region; and there is “Greater Tokyo”, which refers to Metropolitan Tokyo plus the surrounding prefectures of Chiba, Kanagawa and Saitama. The Tama region, rural until 1920, is now home to one third of the population of Tokyo Metropolis, while Kanagawa, Chiba and Saitama prefecture have doubled their population over the past 50 years. Greater Tokyo comprises more than 35 million inhabitants. It is the largest urban center on earth. One third of the Japanese population lives there on less than 4% of the Japanese territory – and the number of inhabitants continues to grow. -
Penumbras, Privacy, and the Death of Morals-Based Legislation: Comparing U.S
Fordham International Law Journal Volume 27, Issue 1 2003 Article 12 Penumbras, Privacy, and the Death of Morals-Based Legislation: Comparing U.S. Constitutional Law with the Inherent Right of Privacy in Islamic Jurisprudence Seema Saifee∗ ∗ Copyright c 2003 by the authors. Fordham International Law Journal is produced by The Berke- ley Electronic Press (bepress). http://ir.lawnet.fordham.edu/ilj Penumbras, Privacy, and the Death of Morals-Based Legislation: Comparing U.S. Constitutional Law with the Inherent Right of Privacy in Islamic Jurisprudence Seema Saifee Abstract In an effort to separate the Islamic regulatory scheme with respect to the criminalization of consensual sexual conduct from the caricature espoused by many Western thinkers, this Note pro- vides a comparative analysis of the criminalization of private consensual sexual conduct in Islamic law and U.S. constitutional jurisprudence on the right of privacy. Part I provides a brief background of Islamic and U.S. criminal regulations on consensual sex and outlines the evolution of consti- tutional privacy jurisprudence in the U.S. Supreme Court. Part II first examines the evidentiary and procedural requirements pertaining to the criminalization of consensual sexual intercourse in Islamic law, explores the consequences of transgressing these evidentiary requirements, and ana- lyzes the theological and privacy-related constraints on initiating suits for engaging in such private conduct. Part II then applies these regulations to the recent case of Amina Lawal in northern Nigeria, and analyzes Islamic regulations governing sexual activity not amounting to intercourse. Finally, Part II examines an alternative reading of the U.S. Supreme Court’s current analysis of privacy as articulated in Lawrence v. -
United States District Court Southern District of Ohio Western Division
Case: 1:13-cv-00501-TSB Doc #: 65 Filed: 12/23/13 Page: 1 of 50 PAGEID #: <pageID> UNITED STATES DISTRICT COURT SOUTHERN DISTRICT OF OHIO WESTERN DIVISION JAMES OBERGEFELL, et al., : Case No. 1:13-cv-501 Plaintiffs, : Judge Timothy S. Black : vs. : : THEODORE E. WYMYSLO, M.D., et al., : Defendants. : FINAL ORDER GRANTING PLAINTIFFS’ MOTION FOR DECLARATORY JUDGMENT AND PERMANENT INJUNCTION This civil case is before the Court for final decision on Plaintiffs’ Motion for Declaratory Judgment and Permanent Injunction (Doc. 53), the record evidence (Docs. 34, 42-47, 61; see Appendix at pp. 49-50i), Defendants’ memorandum in opposition (Doc. 56), Plaintiffs’ reply (Doc. 62), and oral argument held on December 18, 2013. Plaintiffs include two individuals who entered into legal same-sex marriages in states that provide for such marriages and have been denied recognition of those legal marriages on their spouses’ death certificates by the State of Ohio. Plaintiffs seek a declaratory judgment that, as applied to them, Ohio’s ban on the recognition of legal same-sex marriages granted in other states is unconstitutional; and, therefore, that a permanent injunction compelling Defendants and their officers to recognize Plaintiffs’ marriages on Ohio death certificates is required under the law and the evidence. Also present as a Plaintiff is Robert Grunn, an Ohio funeral director, who seeks a declaration of his rights and duties when preparing death certificates for individuals in same-sex marriages. Defendants are the local and state officers responsible -
Inside Interracial Marriages: Accounts of Black-White Couples
INSIDE INTERRACIAL MARRIAGES: ACCOUNTS OF BLACK-WHITE COUPLES By Angela S. Donnell Thesis submitted to the Faculty of Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of MASTER OF SCIENCE in Family and Child Development Approved: ____________________________ Gloria W. Bird, Ph.D. ___________________________ ____________________________ Cosby S. Rogers, Ph.D. Michael J. Sporakowski, Ph.D. December, 1998 Blacksburg, Virginia i INSIDE INTERRACIAL MARRIAGES: ACCOUNTD OF BLACK-WHITE COUPLES By Angela S. Donnell (ABSTRACT) The purpose of this qualitative study was to investigate the chronic daily concerns that eight self-identified Black-White interracial couples described as stressful and to identify the coping strategies that they utilized to reduce feelings of distress. Another goal of this study was to discover the actions that these eight couples took to maintain marital satisfaction. This investigation consisted of a total of 24 interviews, 16 individual and 8 couple interviews, based on the research questions guided by stress and coping theory. Couples identified three chronic stressors: Worrying About Children, Wanting to be Accepted, and Building a Successful Marriage; Nine coping strategies were identified: Distancing, Putting Family First, Problem-Solving, Accepting of Problems, Having Faith in God, Denial, Communicating With Spouse, Positive Reframing/Reflecting, and Escaping. Five maintenance behaviors were identified as well: Having Couple/Family Time, Communicating, Being Considerate, Getting Away Together, and Planning/Remembering Special Occasions. ii Acknowledgments There are many people that I wish to thank for helping me through the process of completing this study. I thank the members of my committee, Dr. Cosby Rogers and Dr. -
Degree Attainment for Black Adults: National and State Trends Authors: Andrew Howard Nichols and J
EDTRUST.ORG Degree Attainment for Black Adults: National and State Trends Authors: Andrew Howard Nichols and J. Oliver Schak Andrew Howard Nichols, Ph.D., is the senior director of higher education research and data analytics and J. Oliver Schak is the senior policy and research associate for higher education at The Education Trust Understanding the economic and social benefits of more college-educated residents, over 40 states during the past decade have set goals to increase their state’s share of adults with college credentials and degrees. In many of these states, achieving these “degree attainment” goals will be directly related to their state’s ability to increase the shares of Black and Latino adults in those states that have college credentials and degrees, particularly as population growth among communities of color continues to outpace the White population and older White workers retire and leave the workforce.1 From 2000 to 2016, for example, the number of Latino adults increased 72 percent and the number of Black adults increased 25 percent, while the number of White adults remained essentially flat. Nationally, there are significant differences in degree attainment among Black, Latino, and White adults, but degree attainment for these groups and the attainment gaps between them vary across states. In this brief, we explore the national trends and state-by-state differences in degree attainment for Black adults, ages 25 to 64 in 41 states.2 We examine degree attainment for Latino adults in a companion brief. National Degree Attainment Trends FIGURE 1 DEGREE ATTAINMENT FOR BLACK AND WHITE ADULTS, 2016 Compared with 47.1 percent of White adults, just 100% 30.8 percent of Black adults have earned some form 7.8% 13.4% 14.0% 30.8% of college degree (i.e., an associate degree or more). -
Philosophy and the Black Experience
APA NEWSLETTER ON Philosophy and the Black Experience John McClendon & George Yancy, Co-Editors Spring 2004 Volume 03, Number 2 elaborations on the sage of African American scholarship is by ROM THE DITORS way of centrally investigating the contributions of Amilcar F E Cabral to Marxist philosophical analysis of the African condition. Duran’s “Cabral, African Marxism, and the Notion of History” is a comparative look at Cabral in light of the contributions of We are most happy to announce that this issue of the APA Marxist thinkers C. L. R. James and W. E. B. Du Bois. Duran Newsletter on Philosophy and the Black Experience has several conceptually places Cabral in the role of an innovative fine articles on philosophy of race, philosophy of science (both philosopher within the Marxist tradition of Africana thought. social science and natural science), and political philosophy. Duran highlights Cabral’s profound understanding of the However, before we introduce the articles, we would like to historical development as a manifestation of revolutionary make an announcement on behalf of the Philosophy practice in the African liberation movement. Department at Morgan State University (MSU). It has come to In this issue of the Newsletter, philosopher Gertrude James our attention that MSU may lose the major in philosophy. We Gonzalez de Allen provides a very insightful review of Robert think that the role of our Historically Black Colleges and Birt’s book, The Quest for Community and Identity: Critical Universities and MSU in particular has been of critical Essays in Africana Social Philosophy. significance in attracting African American students to Our last contributor, Dr. -
Latin America
Latin America JOHN GLEDHILL, The University of Manchester ‘Latin’ America is a region constructed in a context of imperial rivalries and disputes about how to build ‘modern’ nations that made it an ‘other America’ distinct from ‘Anglo’ America. Bringing together people without previous historical contact, the diversity of its societies and cultures was increased by the transatlantic slave trade and later global immigration. Building on the constructive relationship that characterises the ties between socio-cultural anthropology and history in the region today, this entry discusses differences in colonial relations and cultural interaction between European, indigenous, and Afro-Latin American people in different countries and the role of anthropologists in nation-building projects that aimed to construct national identities around ‘mixing’. It shows how anthropologists came to emphasise the active role of subordinated social groups in making Latin America’s ‘new peoples’. Widespread agrarian conflicts and land reforms produced debates about the future of peasant farmers, but new forms of capitalist development, growing urbanisation, and counter-insurgency wars led to an era in which indigenous identities were reasserted and states shifted towards a multicultural politics that also fostered Afro-Latin American movements. Anthropology has enhanced understanding of the diversity, complexity, and contradictions of these processes. Latin American cities are characterised by stark social inequalities, but anthropologists critiqued the stigmatisation -
Why We Study Intermarriage
“Intermarriage” Why we study Intermarriage Family systems reproduce race by insisting upon endogamy, or marriage within the group. Racial intermarriage, the opposite of endogamy, tends to undermine racial barriers. In any society in which race is important, racial intermarriage will be a focus of legal, social and political interest. As the United States has been a society deeply divided by race from its very beginning as a nation in which slavery was practiced, the issue of intermarriage has always been important in the United States. The Racial Caste System and the 19th Century: Intermarriage as the Implicit Threat Before the civil war, the vast majority of blacks in the United States were slaves. Although there had always been some sexual relationships between white (male) slave owners and black (female) slaves, white society worked diligently to make these relationships invisible. White American society adopted what they called the “one-drop rule,” which meant that anyone with as much as “one drop” of nonwhite blood could not be considered white. By legal definition, if a white slave master made a black slave pregnant, her child was black (due to the “one-drop rule”) and a slave as well. Formal marriage was generally not possible among slaves (because slaves had no legal standing), and therefore formal marriage between free whites and slaves was also impossible. One irony of the one-drop rule was that it was created to clarify racial distinctions but the rule left white racial status always vulnerable. The discovery of some previously unknown brown or dark ancestor (or even an ancestor who was remembered by someone as dark), would rob all descendants of their whiteness, and therefore of their property and their rights. -
Emerging Paradigms in Critical Mixed Race Studies G
Emerging Paradigms in Critical Mixed Race Studies G. Reginald Daniel, Laura Kina, Wei Ming Dariotis, and Camilla Fojas Mixed Race Studies1 In the early 1980s, several important unpublished doctoral dissertations were written on the topic of multiraciality and mixed-race experiences in the United States. Numerous scholarly works were published in the late 1980s and early 1990s. By 2004, master’s theses, doctoral dissertations, books, book chapters, and journal articles on the subject reached a critical mass. They composed part of the emerging field of mixed race studies although that scholarship did not yet encompass a formally defined area of inquiry. What has changed is that there is now recognition of an entire field devoted to the study of multiracial identities and mixed-race experiences. Rather than indicating an abrupt shift or change in the study of these topics, mixed race studies is now being formally defined at a time that beckons scholars to be more critical. That is, the current moment calls upon scholars to assess the merit of arguments made over the last twenty years and their relevance for future research. This essay seeks to map out the critical turn in mixed race studies. It discusses whether and to what extent the field that is now being called critical mixed race studies (CMRS) diverges from previous explorations of the topic, thereby leading to formations of new intellectual terrain. In the United States, the public interest in the topic of mixed race intensified during the 2008 presidential campaign of Barack Obama, an African American whose biracial background and global experience figured prominently in his campaign for and election to the nation’s highest office. -
Download Interracial and Inter-Ethnic Marriage and Cohabitation and Self
RESEARCH REPORT SERIES (Survey Methodology #2018-03) Interracial and Inter-ethnic Marriage and Cohabitation and Self-Rated Health Lucia C. Lykke Michael S. Rendall1 1University of Maryland, College Park Center for Survey Measurement Research and Methodology Directorate U.S. Census Bureau Washington, D.C. 20233 Report issued: April 2, 2018 Disclaimer: This report is released to inform interested parties of research and to encourage discussion of work in progress. Any views expressed on the methodological issues are those of the authors and not necessarily those of the U.S. Census Bureau. Abstract Despite increases in interracial and inter-ethnic relationships in the United States, few studies have investigated associations between partner race/ethnicity and health. We do so using the 1996, 2001, 2004, and 2008 panels of the Survey of Income and Program Participation (292,411 combined years of observation). We analyze self-rated health in cross-section and at two time points one-year apart in marital and cohabiting relationships. Having a White partner is associated with higher self-rated health for Hispanic, Black, and Asian men and women, relative to having a partner of one’s own race/ethnicity. For White women, but not for White men, having a non-White partner is associated with worse self-rated health. We interpret these findings as contrary to stress theories of the adverse impact of interracial and inter-ethnic partnership on health, and more consistent instead with gendered social-status and economic-resource theories. Keywords: self-rated health; marriage and cohabitation; interracial relationships; partner race Suggested Citation: Lucia C. Lykke, Michael S.