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Grand River Assessment

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Grand River Assessment Grand Assessment River Group A Sand and Clay Group B Sand and Clay Group C Sand and Clay Group D Sand and Clay Water 174 0 2.5 5 10 Miles Figure 53.–Distribution of hydrologic soil groups in the mouth segment. Adapted from Hamilton et al. 2008. BeechSugar Maple orests BeechSugar MapleHemlock orests Mied Hardwood Swamps Barrens and Savanna Conifer Swamps Eposed Bedrock Grasslands hite PineRed PineHemlock orests LakesRivers Mied ak orests onorested etlands Sand Dunes 175 0 2.5 5 10 Miles Grand Assessment River Figure 54.–Distribution of land cover types in the mouth segment circa 1800. Data from Michigan Department of Natural Resources, Michigan Resource Information System, 1978. Grand Assessment River Agricultural Land Barren orest Land Rangeland Uran and Built Up Water Wetlands 176 0 2.5 5 10 Miles Figure 55.–Distribution of land cover and land use in the mouth segment of the Grand River watershed. Data from Michigan Department of Natural Resources, Michigan Resource Information System, 1978. Greenville Rockford Coopersville St Johns Grand Haven LAKE MICHIGAN LAKE Grand Rapids Portland 177 Lansing Hastings Potterville Mason Eaton Rapids Grand Assessment River Jackson 02.5 5 10 15 20 Miles Figure 56.–Road-stream crossings in the Grand River watershed. Data from Michigan Geographic Framework 2009. Grand Assessment River Mouth Lower Middle Upper Headwaters Lake Le Ann 1,050 950 Portage River Perry Creek 850 Red Cedar River 178 750 Elevation above sea level (feet) lat Looking Glass River Rogue River Crockery River 650 Creek Maple River hornapple River Grand Rapids 550 0 50 100 150 200 250 River miles from mouth Figure 57.–Grand River main stem elevation changes from Lake Michigan to headwaters. Source: Michigan Department of Natural Resources, unpublished data. 30 Mouth Lower Middle Upper Headwaters 25 20 Goose Lake 15 Lake Le Ann 179 Gradient (feet per mile) 10 Grand Rapids Portland Eaton Rapids 5 Grand Assessment River 0 0 13 21 39 43 51 62 70 90 94 112 120 138 153 172 179 201 212 228 231 243 251 254 256 River mile Figure 58.–Gradient (elevation change in feet per mile) of the Grand River main stem from Lake Michigan to headwaters. Source: Michigan Department of Natural Resources, unpublished data. 250 Grand Assessment River 200.7 200 150 River miles 180 100 50 41.4 10.3 3.7 0 (low) (fair) (good) (excellent) 0 - 2.9 3.0 - 4.9 5.0 - 9.9 10.0 - 69.9 Gradient class (ft/mi) Figure 59.–River miles within each gradient class (expressed as feet per mile) of the Grand River main stem. Source: Michigan Department of Natural Resources, unpublished data. Figure 60.–Relation of mean current velocity (cm/sec) water to particle size (mm) that can be eroded and transported in suspension. Sediment deposition occurs at lower current velocities required for erosion of a particle of a given size (Adapted from Morisawa, 1968; reprinted by permission by TOMWC 2007.) Grand Assessment River 181 Grand Assessment River Greenville Rockford Coopersville St Johns Grand Haven LAKE MICHIGAN LAKE Grand Rapids Portland 182 Lansing Hastings Potterville Mason Eaton Rapids Jackson 02.5 5 10 15 20 Miles Figure 61.–Approximate location of the 228 registered dams in the Grand River watershed. Source: Michigan Department of Environmental Quality, unpublished data. Greenville Rockford Coopersville St Johns Grand Haven LAKE MICHIGAN LAKE Grand Rapids Portland 183 Lansing Cold small river Hastings Potterville Cold stream Mason Cold transitional large river Eaton Rapids Cold transitional small river Cold transitional stream Warm large river Grand Assessment River Warm small river Warm stream Jackson Warm transitional large river Warm transitional small river 02.5 5 10 15 20 Warm transitional stream Miles Figure 62.–Thermal classification of the Grand River main stem and tributaries. Data from Zorn et al. 2008..
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