River Processes- Erosion, Transportation and Deposition Task 1: for Each of the Processes of Erosion and Transportation Draw a Diagram Show the Process at Work

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River Processes- Erosion, Transportation and Deposition Task 1: For each of the processes of erosion and transportation draw a diagram show the process at work In the upper course of the main process is Erosion. This is where the bed and banks of the river are worn away. A river can erode in one of four ways: Process Definition Diagram Hydraulic the sheer force of water hitting the action banks of the river: Abrasion fine material rubs against the riverbank The bank is worn away by a sand- papering action called abrasion, and collapses. This occurs on the outside of meanders. Attrition material is moved along the bed of a river, collides with other material, and breaks up into smaller pieces. Corrosion rocks forming the banks and bed of a river are dissolved by acids in the water. Once the material is eroded it can then be transported by one of four ways, which will depend upon the energy of the river: Process Definition Diagram Traction large rocks and boulders are rolled along the bed of the river. Saltation smaller stones are bounced along the bed of the river Suspension fine material which is carried by the water and which gives the river its 'muddy' colour. Solution dissolved material transported by the river. In the middle and lower course, the land is much flatter, this means that the river is flowing more slowly and has much less energy. The river starts to deposit (drop) the material that it has been carry Deposition Challenge: Add labels onto the diagram to show where all of the processes could be happening in the river channel. What would be happening on the meanders (bends in the river)? Hint: think about what happens to as you go round a bend in the road quickly in a car! Super Challenge: Use as many keywords from today’s lesson to answer the following question: How do river processes work to change the land? ___________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________ .

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(P 117-140) Flood Pulse.Qxp

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Measurement of Bedload Transport in Sand-Bed Rivers: a Look at Two Indirect Sampling Methods

Published online in 2010 as part of U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2010-5091. Measurement of Bedload Transport in Sand-Bed Rivers: A Look at Two Indirect Sampling Methods Robert R. Holmes, Jr. U.S. Geological Survey, Rolla, Missouri, United States. Abstract Sand-bed rivers present unique challenges to accurate measurement of the bedload transport rate using the traditional direct sampling methods of direct traps (for example the Helley-Smith bedload sampler). The two major issues are: 1) over sampling of sand transport caused by “mining” of sand due to the flow disturbance induced by the presence of the sampler and 2) clogging of the mesh bag with sand particles reducing the hydraulic efficiency of the sampler. Indirect measurement methods hold promise in that unlike direct methods, no transport-altering flow disturbance near the bed occurs. The bedform velocimetry method utilizes a measure of the bedform geometry and the speed of bedform translation to estimate the bedload transport through mass balance. The bedform velocimetry method is readily applied for the estimation of bedload transport in large sand-bed rivers so long as prominent bedforms are present and the streamflow discharge is steady for long enough to provide sufficient bedform translation between the successive bathymetric data sets. Bedform velocimetry in small sand- bed rivers is often problematic due to rapid variation within the hydrograph. The bottom-track bias feature of the acoustic Doppler current profiler (ADCP) has been utilized to accurately estimate the virtual velocities of sand-bed rivers. Coupling measurement of the virtual velocity with an accurate determination of the active depth of the streambed sediment movement is another method to measure bedload transport, which will be termed the “virtual velocity” method.
Deposition Patterns and Rates of Mining-Contaminated Sediment Within a Sedimentation Basin System, S.E

BearWorks Institutional Repository MSU Graduate Theses Spring 2017 Deposition Patterns and Rates of Mining- Contaminated Sediment within a Sedimentation Basin System, S.E. Missouri Joshua Carl Voss Missouri State University - Springfield, [email protected] Follow this and additional works at: http://bearworks.missouristate.edu/theses Part of the Environmental Indicators and Impact Assessment Commons, Environmental Monitoring Commons, and the Hydrology Commons Recommended Citation Voss, Joshua Carl, "Deposition Patterns and Rates of Mining-Contaminated Sediment within a Sedimentation Basin System, S.E. Missouri" (2017). MSU Graduate Theses. 3074. http://bearworks.missouristate.edu/theses/3074 This article or document was made available through BearWorks, the institutional repository of Missouri State University. The orkw contained in it may be protected by copyright and require permission of the copyright holder for reuse or redistribution. For more information, please contact [email protected]. DEPOSITION PATTERNS AND RATES OF MINING-CONTAMINATED SEDIMENT WITHIN A SEDIMENTATION BASIN SYSTEM, BIG RIVER, S.E. MISSOURI A Masters Thesis Presented to The Graduate College of Missouri State University ATE In Partial Fulfillment Of the Requirements for the Degree Master of Science, Geospatial Sciences in Geography, Geology, and Planning By Josh C. Voss May 2017 Copyright 2017 by Joshua Carl Voss ii DEPOSITION PATTERNS AND RATES OF MINING-CONTAMINATED SEDIMENT WITHIN A SEDIMENTATION BASIN SYSTEM, BIG RIVER, S.E. MISSOURI Geography, Geology, and Planning Missouri State University, May 2017 Master of Science Josh C. Voss ABSTRACT Flooding events exert a dominant control over the deposition and formation of floodplains. The rate at which floodplains form depends on flood magnitude, frequency, and duration, and associated sediment transport capacity and supply.
Lesson 4: Sediment Deposition and River Structures

LESSON 4: SEDIMENT DEPOSITION AND RIVER STRUCTURES ESSENTIAL QUESTION: What combination of factors both natural and manmade is necessary for healthy river restoration and how does this enhance the sustainability of natural and human communities? GUIDING QUESTION: As rivers age and slow they deposit sediment and form sediment structures, how are sediments and sediment structures important to the river ecosystem? OVERVIEW: The focus of this lesson is the deposition and erosional effects of slow-moving water in low gradient areas. These “mature rivers” with decreasing gradient result in the settling and deposition of sediments and the formation sediment structures. The river’s fast-flowing zone, the thalweg, causes erosion of the river banks forming cliffs called cut-banks. On slower inside turns, sediment is deposited as point-bars. Where the gradient is particularly level, the river will branch into many separate channels that weave in and out, leaving gravel bar islands. Where two meanders meet, the river will straighten, leaving oxbow lakes in the former meander bends. TIME: One class period MATERIALS: . Lesson 4- Sediment Deposition and River Structures.pptx . Lesson 4a- Sediment Deposition and River Structures.pdf . StreamTable.pptx . StreamTable.pdf . Mass Wasting and Flash Floods.pptx . Mass Wasting and Flash Floods.pdf . Stream Table . Sand . Reflection Journal Pages (printable handout) . Vocabulary Notes (printable handout) PROCEDURE: 1. Review Essential Question and introduce Guiding Question. 2. Hand out first Reflection Journal page and have students take a minute to consider and respond to the questions then discuss responses and questions generated. 3. Handout and go over the Vocabulary Notes. Students will define the vocabulary words as they watch the PowerPoint Lesson.
Sedimentation and Shoaling Work Unit

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Bed-Load Transport Equation for Sheet Flow

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Biogeochemical and Metabolic Responses to the Flood Pulse in a Semi-Arid Floodplain

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River Incision Into Bedrock: Mechanics and Relative Efficacy of Plucking, Abrasion and Cavitation

River incision into bedrock: Mechanics and relative efficacy of plucking, abrasion and cavitation Kelin X. Whipple* Department of Earth, Atmospheric, and Planetary Science, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139 Gregory S. Hancock Department of Geology, College of William and Mary, Williamsburg, Virginia 23187 Robert S. Anderson Department of Earth Sciences, University of California, Santa Cruz, California 95064 ABSTRACT long term (Howard et al., 1994). These conditions are commonly met in Improved formulation of bedrock erosion laws requires knowledge mountainous and tectonically active landscapes, and bedrock channels are of the actual processes operative at the bed. We present qualitative field known to dominate steeplands drainage networks (e.g., Wohl, 1993; Mont- evidence from a wide range of settings that the relative efficacy of the gomery et al., 1996; Hovius et al., 1997). As the three-dimensional structure various processes of fluvial erosion (e.g., plucking, abrasion, cavitation, of drainage networks sets much of the form of terrestrial landscapes, it is solution) is a strong function of substrate lithology, and that joint spac- clear that a deep appreciation of mountainous landscapes requires knowl- ing, fractures, and bedding planes exert the most direct control. The edge of the controls on bedrock channel morphology. Moreover, bedrock relative importance of the various processes and the nature of the in- channels play a critical role in the dynamic evolution of mountainous land- terplay between them are inferred from detailed observations of the scapes (Anderson, 1994; Anderson et al., 1994; Howard et al., 1994; Tucker morphology of erosional forms on channel bed and banks, and their and Slingerland, 1996; Sklar and Dietrich, 1998; Whipple and Tucker, spatial distributions.
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Classifying Rivers - Three Stages of River Development

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STREAMS and RUNNING WATER Hydrologic Cycle •What Happens to Precipitation STREAM •River, Creek, Etc

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Sediment Bed-Load Transport: a Standardized Notation

geosciences Article Sediment Bed-Load Transport: A Standardized Notation Ulrich Zanke 1,2,* and Aron Roland 3 1 TU, Darmstadt, Inst. für Wasserbau und Hydraulik, 64287 Darmstadt, Germany 2 Z & P—Prof. Zanke & Partner, Ackerstr. 21, D-30826 Garbsen-Hannover, Germany 3 CEO BGS-ITE, Pfungstaedter Straße 20, D-64297 Darmstadt, Germany; [email protected] * Correspondence: [email protected] Received: 7 August 2020; Accepted: 1 September 2020; Published: 16 September 2020 Abstract: Morphodynamic processes on Earth are a result of sediment displacements by the flow of water or the action of wind. An essential part of sediment transport takes place with permanent or intermittent contact with the bed. In the past, numerous approaches for bed-load transport rates have been developed, based on various fundamental ideas. For the user, the question arises which transport function to choose and why just that one. Different transport approaches can be compared based on measured transport rates. However, this method has the disadvantage that any measured data contains inaccuracies that correlate in different ways with the transport functions under comparison. Unequal conditions also exist if the factors of transport functions under test are fitted to parts of the test data set during the development of the function, but others are not. Therefore, a structural formula comparison is made by transferring altogether 13 transport functions into a standardized notation. Although these formulas were developed from different perspectives and with different approaches, it is shown that these approaches lead to essentially the same basic formula for the main variables. These are shear stress and critical shear stress.