DOCSLIB.ORG

Masarykova Univerzita Filozofická Fakulta

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Masarykova Univerzita Filozofická Fakulta Masarykova univerzita Filozofická fakulta Ústav archeologie a muzeologie Klasická archeologie Bc. Pavel Dadák Base Theodosiova obelisku v Konstantinopoli a dvorská etiketa v Pozdní Antice Magisterská diplomová práce Vedoucí práce: Dr. Elisabetta M. Gagetti, PhD. 2012 Prohlašuji, že jsem magisterskou diplomovou práci na téma „Base Theodosiova obelisku v Konstantinopoli a dvorská etiketa v Pozdní Antice“ vypracoval samostatně s použitím uvedených informačních pramenů, které v práci řádně cituji s uvedením úplného odkazu na příslušný zdroj. V Brně dne 16. 5. 2012 ………………………………. - 2 - Chtěl bych zde poděkovat paní Dr. Elisabettě Gagetti, PhD., za ochotu, vedení a poskytnutí cenných rad při psaní této práce a všem, kteří mi se psaním této práce pomáhali a podporovali mě. - 3 - Obsah ÚVOD ..................................................................................................................................... - 6 - ČÁST PRVNÍ: FIGURÁLNÍ ZDROJE ............................................................................................ - 8 - I. Theodosiovo Missorium ........................................................................................ - 8 - i. Obecné .................................................................................................................... - 8 - ii. Popis scény .......................................................................................................... - 9 - iii. Interpretace........................................................................................................ - 10 - iv. Funkce ............................................................................................................... - 11 - v. Místo výroby ..................................................................................................... - 12 - II. Base Theodosiova obelisku v Hippodromu v Konstantinopoli ........................... - 13 - i. Obelisky obecně ................................................................................................... - 13 - ii. Hippodrom v Konstantinopoli a jeho kosmologická symbolika ....................... - 14 - iii. Technický popis Theodosiova obelisku ............................................................ - 15 - iv. Nápisy na obelisku ............................................................................................ - 16 - v. Reliéfy ............................................................................................................... - 17 - vi. Reliéfy na spodní basi ....................................................................................... - 17 - vii. Reliéfy na horní basi ......................................................................................... - 18 - viii. Kompozice ........................................................................................................ - 20 - ix. Identifikace postav ............................................................................................ - 21 - x. Teorie o datu vzniku base a její výzdoby .......................................................... - 24 - ČÁST DRUHÁ: DVORSKÁ ETIKETA V POZDNÍ ANTICE ............................................................ - 29 - III. Dvorská etiketa – úvod ........................................................................................ - 29 - IV. Centrum moci, dvůr ............................................................................................. - 33 - i. Hierarchie ............................................................................................................. - 33 - ii. Role Diokleciána a reformy společenských tříd ............................................... - 34 - iii. Východní a helénistický vliv ............................................................................ - 37 - iv. Historie a zrod pojmu προσκύνησις a jeho vývoj ............................................. - 39 - v. Role Konstantina v reformách Říše .................................................................. - 42 - vi. Vnitřní organizace imperiálního comitatu ........................................................ - 44 - vii. Eunuchové u dvora ........................................................................................... - 47 - V. Dvorské rituály a prezentace císaře před poddanými .......................................... - 50 - i. Adventus ............................................................................................................... - 50 - ii. Závody v cirku .................................................................................................. - 53 - iii. Adoratio purpurae ............................................................................................. - 55 - iv. Bankety ............................................................................................................. - 57 - - 4 - v. Lovy .................................................................................................................. - 57 - VI. Závěr .................................................................................................................... - 59 - VII. Shrnutí – Summary .............................................................................................. - 63 - VIII. Bibliografie .......................................................................................................... - 64 - i. Monografie ........................................................................................................... - 64 - ii. Články v časopisech, příspěvky ve sbornících.................................................. - 64 - iii. Internetové zdroje ............................................................................................. - 66 - Obrazová příloha - seznam .............................................................................................. - 67 - Obrazová příloha ............................................................................................................. - 70 - - 5 - ÚVOD Tato práce je primárně zaměřena na zhodnocení postavy imperátora v období pozdní antiky v Římské říši, po reformách zavedených císařem Diokleciánem, na základě interpretace vyobrazení na dvou základních Theodosiánských uměleckých dílech, a to Theodosiova Missoria, nalezeného v roce 1847 v Almendralejo u španělské Méridy a base Theodosiova obelisku v Hippodromu v Konstantinopoli. Missorium bylo nalezeno společně se dvěma stříbrnými poháry, které jsou ale dnes bohužel ztracené. Druhým dílem, které v této práci pomáhá k objasnění dvorských ceremonií v pozdní římské říši je base Theodosiova obelisku v Hippodromu v Konstantinopoli, do dnešního dne zachovaná, stejně jako sám obelisk (i když v poněkud časem poničeném stavu). Práce se pokusí interpretovat vyobrazené postavy, ať už reálné (jako jsou císaři či úředníci), tak i mytologické (například postava Tellus na Missoriu) a bude se snažit na základě toho vysvětlit způsob vnímání osoby císaře ve čtvrtém a pátém století. Práce je rozdělena na dvě hlavní části, v první se zabývá technickým popisem a interpretací Missoria a base sloupu, a na těchto se pokusí o vysvětlení, proč jsou postavy vladařů vyobrazeny způsobem, jakým jsou a bude se snažit, společně s druhou částí objasnit, jak se změnila reprezentace osoby císaře v pozdně římském umění v porovnání s předchozími stoletími. V druhé části se pak práce zabývá samotným dvorem, který císaři (zejména Dioklecián a Konstantin Veliký) pomohli vytvořit. Dvůr se stává ve čtvrtém století hlavním jevištěm těch nejdůležitějších politických událostí odehrávajících se v říši. Pozdně antický imperiální dvůr je také předobrazem pozdějších středověkých královských dvorů. Po části věnované vzniku dvora, velkým změnám ve vrchních sférách římské společnosti (dotýkajících se hlavně jezdeckého a senátorského stavu, jejich úpadku na úkor nově vytvořené společenské vrstvy, který není založená na aristokratickém původu) a jeho vnitřní organizaci, se práce zběžně věnuje charakteristice a pravomocem nejvyšších císařských úřadů. Ty jsou primárně důležité k pochopení vnitřních struktur, které ovlivňovaly chování dvora vůči císaři a tudíž jeho zpětné reakce a sebe-reprezentaci před dvorem. Je zjevné, že mnohé z inovací v ceremoniích a etiketě pozdního císařství nebyly zcela římským vynálezem. Práce se tedy snaží v samostatné kapitole zodpovědět otázku, zda některé z nových praktik u dvora, či dokonce některé z funkcí (například eunušští komoří starající se o císařskou rodinu) nebyly východního importu či snad převzatou helénistickou tradicí. V poslední části se pak konečně věnuje samotné prezentaci „zbožštěné“ osoby císaře před nově vytvořenými elitami společnosti a - 6 - před lidem říše a snaží se popsat, nakolik byl císař sám zodpovědný za nový způsob chápání své osoby, nakolik šlo o přirozený vývoj a nakolik o vlivy zpoza hranic říše. Krátká úvaha v závěru je také věnována tomu, do jaké míry byl císař opravdu schopen v pozdní antice, zejména v pátém století, ovlivňovat politiku a do jaké míry byla jeho rozhodnutí omezena byrokratickým aparátem, který jeho předchůdci pomohli vybudovat. Vzhledem k zavedení dominátu, pro římské prostředí nového způsobu vlády, se mění i význam, pravomoc a vnímání osoby císaře, nejen v rámci jeho vnímání sebe sama, ale také v rámci jeho chápání poddanými. Práce si bere za úkol objasnit kdy, jak, a proč se z osoby civils princeps, prvního mezi rovnými, stal dominus et deus, pán a bůh poloviny tehdy známého světa. Snaží se vysvětlit, v samostatných kapitolách v druhé části, jak došlo ke změnám
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Antik Çağ'da Doğu-Bati Mücadelesi Kapsaminda
    T.C. BURSA ULUDAĞ ÜNİVERSİTESİ SOSYAL BİLİMLER ENSTİTÜSÜ TARİH ANABİLİM DALI ESKİÇAĞ BİLİM DALI ANTİK ÇAĞ’DA DOĞU-BATI MÜCADELESİ KAPSAMINDA ROMA-PART İLİŞKİLERİ (Yüksek Lisans Tezi) Serhat Pir TOSUN BURSA 2020 T.C. BURSA ULUDAĞ ÜNİVERSİTESİ SOSYAL BİLİMLER ENSTİTÜSÜ TARİH ANABİLİM DALI ESKİÇAĞ BİLİM DALI ANTİK ÇAĞ’DA DOĞU-BATI MÜCADELESİ KAPSAMINDA ROMA-PART İLİŞKİLERİ (Yüksek Lisans Tezi) Serhat Pir TOSUN Danışman: Dr. Öğr. Üyesi Kamil DOĞANCI BURSA 2020 YEMİN METNİ Yüksek Lisans / Doktora Tezi/Sanatta Yeterlik Tezi/ Çalışması olarak sunduğum “Antik Çağ’da Doğu-Batı Mücadelesi Kapsamında Roma-Part İlişkileri” başlıklı çalışmanın bilimsel araştırma, yazma ve etik kurallarına uygun olarak tarafımdan yazıldığına ve tezde yapılan bütün alıntıların kaynaklarının usulüne uygun olarak gösterildiğine, tezimde intihal ürünü cümle veya paragraflar bulunmadığına şerefim üzerine yemin ederim. 30/03/2020 Adı Soyadı: Serhat Pir TOSUN Öğrenci No:701742007 Anabilim/Anasanat Dalı: Tarih Programı: Tezli Yüksek Lisans Statüsü: Yüksek Lisans Doktora : Sanatta Yeterlik ÖZET Yazarın Adı ve Soyadı : Serhat Pir TOSUN Üniversite : Bursa Uludağ Üniversitesi Enstitüsü : Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü Anabilim Dalı : Tarih Bilim Dalı : Eskiçağ Tarihi Bilim Dalı Tezin Niteliği : Yüksek Lisans Tezi Sayfa Sayısı : xv+156 Mezuniyet Tarihi : …. /…. / 2020 Tez Danışmanı : Dr. Öğr. Üyesi Kamil DOĞANCI ANTİK ÇAĞ’DA DOĞU-BATI MÜCADELESİ KAPSAMINDA ROMA-PART İLİŞKİLERİ MÖ 92 yılında başlayan Roma-Part ilişkileri MÖ 53 yılına kadar dostane bir şekilde devam etmiş, ancak MÖ I. yüzyılda ortaya çıkan Armenia problemi nedeniyle ilişkiler bozulmuştur. MÖ 53 yılında Syria’ya proconsul olarak atanan Romalı General Marcus Licinius Crassus, bir süre sonra Part seferi hazırlıklarına başlamıştır. MÖ 53 yılında sefere çıkan Crassus, Carrhae’de büyük bir hezimete uğramış, kendisi ve oğlu öldürülmüş, lejyon sancağı Part ordusu tarafından ele geçirilmiştir.
    [Show full text]
  • The Politics of Parthian Coinage in Media
    The Politics of Parthian Coinage in Media Author(s): Farhang Khademi Nadooshan, Seyed Sadrudin Moosavi, Frouzandeh Jafarzadeh Pour Reviewed work(s): Source: Near Eastern Archaeology, Vol. 68, No. 3, Archaeology in Iran (Sep., 2005), pp. 123-127 Published by: The American Schools of Oriental Research Stable URL: http://www.jstor.org/stable/25067611 . Accessed: 06/11/2011 07:31 Your use of the JSTOR archive indicates your acceptance of the Terms & Conditions of Use, available at . http://www.jstor.org/page/info/about/policies/terms.jsp JSTOR is a not-for-profit service that helps scholars, researchers, and students discover, use, and build upon a wide range of content in a trusted digital archive. We use information technology and tools to increase productivity and facilitate new forms of scholarship. For more information about JSTOR, please contact [email protected]. The American Schools of Oriental Research is collaborating with JSTOR to digitize, preserve and extend access to Near Eastern Archaeology. http://www.jstor.org The Parthians (174 BCE-224CE) suc- , The coins discussed here are primarily from ceeded in the the Lorestan Museum, which houses the establishing longest jyj^' in the ancient coins of southern Media.1 However, lasting empire J0^%^ 1 Near East.At its Parthian JF the coins of northern Media are also height, ^S^ considered thanks to the collection ruleextended Anatolia to M from ^^^/;. housed in the Azerbaijan Museum theIndus and the Valley from Ef-'?S&f?'''' in the city of Tabriz. Most of the Sea to the Persian m Caspian ^^^/// coins of the Azerbaijan Museum Farhang Khademi Gulf Consummate horsemen el /?/ have been donated by local ^^ i Nadooshan, Seyed indigenoustoCentral Asia, the ? people and have been reported ?| ?????J SadrudinMoosavi, Parthians achieved fame for Is u1 and documented in their names.
    [Show full text]
  • Problems of Chronology in Gandhāran Art
    Rienjang and Stewart (eds) Problems of Chronology in Gandhāran Art Edited by Wannaporn Rienjang Peter Stewart Problems of Chronology in Gandhāran Art Since the beginning of Gandhāran studies in the nineteenth century, chronology has been one of the most significant challenges to the understanding of Gandhāran art. Many other ancient societies, including those of Greece and Rome, have left a wealth of textual sources which have put their fundamental chronological frameworks beyond doubt. In the absence of such sources on a similar scale, even the historical eras cited on inscribed Gandhāran works of art have been hard to place. Few sculptures have such inscriptions and the majority lack any record of find-spot or even general provenance. Those known to have been found at particular sites were sometimes moved and reused in antiquity. Consequently, the provisional dates assigned to extant Gandhāran sculptures have sometimes differed by centuries, while the narrative of artistic development remains doubtful and inconsistent. Building upon the most recent, cross-disciplinary research, debate and excavation, this volume reinforces a new consensus about the chronology of Gandhāra, bringing the history of Gandhāran art into sharper focus than ever. By considering this tradition in its wider context, alongside contemporary Indian art and subsequent developments in Central Asia, the authors also open up fresh questions and problems which a new phase of research will need to address. Problems of Chronology in Gandhāran Art is the first publication of the Gandhāra Connections project at the University of Oxford’s Classical Art Research Centre, which has been supported by the Bagri Foundation and the Neil Kreitman Foundation.
    [Show full text]
  • Alberto M. Simonetta
    ELECTRUM * Vol. 15 Kraków 2009 Alberto M. Simonetta THE COINAGE OF THE SO-CALLED PARTHIAN “DARK AGE” REVISITED The problem of the attribution of the different coin series to the Parthian kings whose names are recorded either by classical sources or by documents contemporary with the coins issued during the years that David Sellwood has aptly named “the Parthian Dark Age” is still an unsettled one. Since I published my last paper on the subject (Simonetta 2001), at least two important papers have been published (Assar 2006b; Vardanyan 2006) and, as these provide some signifi cant new evidence and as I am not convinced by their proposals, a fresh discussion of the whole problem may be useful; moreover the new evi- dence makes it necessary also to make some changes in my own previous conclusions. As I think that a correct method in the approach to any problem is essential and that this has been all too often at fault in many authors’ discussions where pre-conceived attributions have been taken for granted or more or less debatable assumptions by previ- ous authors have been taken as solid groundwork on which to build further hypotheses, I shall fi rst outline the methodological approach that I shall follow, then I shall examine the available evidence without any reference to previous opinions, including my own, and fi nally try to reach some conclusions. On matters of method and principles I shall fi rst stress that, when tackling a controversial issue, the correct method is fi rst to analyse the evidence without any reference to previous hypotheses by any author, however, well qualifi ed as he can be.
    [Show full text]
  • VISIBLE LANGUAGE the Journal for Research on the Visual Media of Language Expression Volume VII, Number R, Winter I973
    VISIBLE LANGUAGE The Journal for Research on the Visual Media of Language Expression Volume VII, Number r, Winter I973 5-18 Have We Bitten Off More Than We Can Chew? A Reappraisal of Visible Language for Its 25th Issue 19-40 Greek Letterforms on the Parthian Drachms Richard A. Olson 41 -50 The Language of Capitalization in Shakespeare's First Folio Carleton S. Tritt 5 1- 61 Visible Language: An Experimental Course Sharon H. Poggenpohl 63- 72 The Discrimination of Three Types of Graphic Stimuli Henry G. Timko 73-91 Book Review: Edward M. Catich's The Origin of the Serif J ost Hochuli 93-95 Abstracts of Articles in French, German, and Spanish 96 The Authors Cover: A Parthian d rachm (reverse: Volagases IV, A.D. 147- 192, class I), one of the coins discussed (see especially p. 36, Figure 8f) by Richard A. Olson in his article, "Greek Letterforms on the Parthian Drachms." Visible Language, Volume VII, Number 1, Winter 1973. Published quarterly (Winter, Spring, Summer, and Autumn) by Visible Language, cfo The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, O hio USA 44106. Copyright © 1973 by Visible Language. Dr. M erald E. Wrolstad, Editor and Publisher cfo T he Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, Ohio, USA 441 o6. ADVISORY BOA RD Dr. Roland Barthes, Ecole Pratique des Hautes Etudes, Paris Fernand Baudin, Bonlez par Grez-Doiceau, Belgium Pieter Brattinga, Form Mediation International, Amsterdam R ev. Edward M. Catich, Saint Ambrose College John L. Debes III, Director, Center for Visual Literacy, R ochester, N .Y. Dr. I. J. Gelb, Oriental Institute, University of Chicago Ephraim Gleichenhaus, IOTA R epresentative, New York Dr.
    [Show full text]
  • Alberto M. Simonetta
    ELECTRUM * Vol. 15 Kraków 2009 View metadata, citation and similar papers at core.ac.uk brought to you by CORE provided by Portal Czasopism Naukowych (E-Journals) Alberto M. Simonetta THE COINAGE OF THE SO-CALLED PARTHIAN “DARK AGE” REVISITED The problem of the attribution of the different coin series to the Parthian kings whose names are recorded either by classical sources or by documents contemporary with the coins issued during the years that David Sellwood has aptly named “the Parthian Dark Age” is still an unsettled one. Since I published my last paper on the subject (Simonetta 2001), at least two important papers have been published (Assar 2006b; Vardanyan 2006) and, as these provide some signifi cant new evidence and as I am not convinced by their proposals, a fresh discussion of the whole problem may be useful; moreover the new evi- dence makes it necessary also to make some changes in my own previous conclusions. As I think that a correct method in the approach to any problem is essential and that this has been all too often at fault in many authors’ discussions where pre-conceived attributions have been taken for granted or more or less debatable assumptions by previ- ous authors have been taken as solid groundwork on which to build further hypotheses, I shall fi rst outline the methodological approach that I shall follow, then I shall examine the available evidence without any reference to previous opinions, including my own, and fi nally try to reach some conclusions. On matters of method and principles I shall fi rst stress that, when tackling a controversial issue, the correct method is fi rst to analyse the evidence without any reference to previous hypotheses by any author, however, well qualifi ed as he can be.
    [Show full text]
  • The Archaeology of Elam: Formation and Transformation of an Ancient Iranian State D
    Cambridge University Press 0521563585 - The Archaeology of Elam: Formation and Transformation of an Ancient Iranian State D. T. Potts Index More information INDEX A’abba, 179 Aleppo, 169, 170 Apollophanos, 364, 369 Aahitek, 207, 208 Alexander, the Great, 348–50, apples, 137 Abadan, 14 355; I Balas, 373, 383, 387, 388 Arahir, 136 Aba-Enlilgim, 140 al-Hiba, 92, 95 Aramaic, 384, 399, 424 Abalgamash, 105, 106 Ali Kosh, see Tepe Ali Kosh Arashu, 285 Abbashaga, 135, 140 Allabria, 263 Arawa, 89; see also Urua Ab-i-Diz, see Diz Allahad, 168 Arbimazbi, 140 Ab-i-Marik, 22 almond, 155 Archalos, 349 Abiradu, 328 Altyn-depe, 118 archons, at Susa, 363 Abu Fanduweh, 55 Alumiddatum, 136, 138, 141 Ardashir, 410–16, Fig. 11.2 Abu Salabikh, 58, 88, 242 Amar-Sin, 135, 137, Areia, 323 Abulites, 348–50 ambassadors, 138–9 Argishti-henele, 301 Aburanum, 137 amber, 33 Ariaramnes, 287 accountancy, 59–60 Amedirra, 283 Arjan, 124, 303–6, 412 Achaemenes, 287 Amel-Marduk, 293 armour, 203, 277 Açina, 317–18 Ammiditana, 171 aromatics, see incense Acropole, see Susa, Acropole Ammisaduqa, 165, 189 Arrapha/Arraphe, 242 Acts, Book of (2.9), 3 Amorites, 167 arrowheads, copper/bronze, 95 Adab, 121 Ampe, 391 Arsaces, 376–7, 388, 391, 392 Adad, 347 Ampirish, 306 Arsames, 287 Adad-erish, 204 Amurru, 193 arsenic, 218 Adad-nirari III, 263 Amygdalus, 23 Artabanus I, 391; II, 391; III, 369; Adad-rabi, 177 An(?)turza, 347 IV, 401, 412 Adad-sharru-rabu, 191 Anahita, 383 Artaxerxes I, 335, 337, 318; II, 7, Adad-shuma-iddina, 231 Anarak, 33, 34 335, 337, 359; III, 339 Adad-shuma-usur,
    [Show full text]
  • Parthians in the Oxus Valley
    PARTHIANS IN THE OXUS VALLEY. STRUGGLE FOR THE GREAT INDIAN ROAD It is impossible to appreciate how the Great Indian Road functioned without understanding the political situation and the cultural interactions of the peoples who lived along it from the Indus valley to the Caspian Sea in the period following the disintegration of the Graeco-Bactrian kingdom and the foundation of the Kushan state. In that period the most powerful groups were the Parthian kingdom and the Great Yuezhi, the immediate successors of the Graeco-Bactrians, through whose territories the main land routes and the waterway along the Oxus either crossed or passed nearby. Closely linked to the Oxus route was a number of nomadic tribes, chiefly the Parni and Dahae,1 who inhabited the vast region extending from the Caspian Sea to the Oxus and controlled the main route that ran across the Karakum desert along the Kelif Uzboi and the Uzboi proper. Moreover, by the end of the 2nd century BC, diplomatic and commercial relations had been established between Han China and the Parthian kingdom, which inaugurated another transcontinental route – the Silk Road. Mithridates I (171/170–138 BC), who was most responsible for the growth of Parthia as a dominant power with his conquests in the West, between 160 and 150 BC seized the Graeco- Bactrian satrapies of Aspiones and Touriva, probably situated in the north-western part of present-day Afghanistan on the Oxus. One cannot help but to regard Mithridates’ war in Bactria as the first attempt by the Parthians to take control of one of the key stretches of the Great Indian Route along the Oxus.
    [Show full text]
  • Numismatic Evidence and the Date of Kaniṣka I ���������������������������������������������������������������������������� 7 Joe Cribb
    Rienjang W. (ed.) 2018. Problems of Chronology in Gandhāran Art. p7-34. Archaeopress Archaeology. DOI: 10.32028/9781784918552P7-34. Problems of Chronology in Gandhāran Art Proceedings of the First International Workshop of the Gandhāra Connections Project, University of Oxford, 23rd-24th March, 2017 Edited by Wannaporn Rienjang Peter Stewart Archaeopress Archaeology Rienjang W. (ed.) 2018. Problems of Chronology in Gandhāran Art. p7-34. Archaeopress Archaeology. DOI: 10.32028/9781784918552P7-34. Archaeopress Publishing Ltd Summertown Pavilion 18-24 Middle Way Summertown Oxford OX2 7LG www.archaeopress.com ISBN 978 1 78491 855 2 ISBN 978 1 78491 856 9 (e-Pdf) © Archaeopress and the individual authors 2018 All rights reserved. No part of this book may be reproduced or transmitted, in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying or otherwise, without the prior written permission of the copyright owners. Printed in England by Holywell Press, Oxford This book is available direct from Archaeopress or from our website www.archaeopress.com Rienjang W. (ed.) 2018. Problems of Chronology in Gandhāran Art. p7-34. Archaeopress Archaeology. DOI: 10.32028/9781784918552P7-34. Contents Acknowledgements ������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������iii Note on orthography ���������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������iii Contributors �����������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������iii
    [Show full text]
  • Downloaded for Personal Non‐Commercial Research Or Study, Without Prior Permission Or Charge
    Magub, Alexandra (2018) Political and Religious Ideologies on Parthian Coins of the 2nd‐1st Centuries BC. PhD thesis. SOAS University of London. http://eprints.soas.ac.uk/30283 Copyright © and Moral Rights for this thesis are retained by the author and/or other copyright owners. A copy can be downloaded for personal non‐commercial research or study, without prior permission or charge. This thesis cannot be reproduced or quoted extensively from without first obtaining permission in writing from the copyright holder/s. The content must not be changed in any way or sold commercially in any format or medium without the formal permission of the copyright holders. When referring to this thesis, full bibliographic details including the author, title, awarding institution and date of the thesis must be given e.g. AUTHOR (year of submission) "Full thesis title", name of the School or Department, PhD Thesis, pagination. 1 Political and Religious Ideologies on Parthian Coins of the 2nd-1st Centuries BC ALEXANDRA MAGUB Thesis submitted for the degree of PhD 2018 Department of Religions and Philosophies, School of History, Religions and Philosophies SOAS, University of London 3 Brief Abstract This thesis examines a key period of change in Parthian coinage, as the rebellious Parthian satrapy transitioned first from a nomadic to sedentary kingdom in the second half of the 3rd century BC, and then into a great empire during the 2nd-early 1st century BC. The research will focus on the iconography and inscriptions that were employed on the coinage in order to demonstrate how Parthian authorities used these objects to convey political and religious ideologies to a diverse audience.
    [Show full text]
  • Notes on the Chemical Composition of Parthian Coins with Special Reference to the Drachms of Orodes I1
    NOTES ON THE CHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF PARTHIAN COINS WITH SPECIAL REFERENCE TO THE DRACHMS OF ORODES I1 EARLE R. CALEY, Department of Chemistry, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio Over a thousand ancient coins of Greek and Roman origin have been assayed or analyzed, but only a few Parthian coins have been so investigated. It might reasonably be expected, however, that the chemical investigation of the coins of the Parthian Empire would lead to results just as interesting as those that have been obtained from the chemical investigation of the coins of other ancient states. Indeed, in view of our total lack of ancient literary information concerning the coins of this great eastern empire, it might be expected that the results of the chemical investigation of such coins would lead to results of relatively greater interest. Furthermore, since the coins constitute the chief, and almost the only certain, archaeological remains of the Parthian Empire, any information that can be obtained from a chemical study of these coins will not only be a contribution to the obscure numismatic history of this empire but may be a contribution to its still more obscure economic history. This paper contains a summary of what little has been done in the past on this subject, the results of chemical analyses of some Parthian silver and bronze coins, and interpretations of some of these results. PREVIOUS WORK Prior to the present investigation only 16 Parthian coins appear to have been investigated chemically in any way, and these were all silver coins that were analyzed by fire assay for their silver and gold content only.
    [Show full text]
  • FABRIZIO SINISI Sylloge Nummorum Parthicorum New York – Paris – London – Vienna – Tehran – Berlin
    Fabrizio Sinisi SYLLOGE NUMMORUM PARTHICORUM NEW YORK – PARIS – LONDON – VIENNA – TEHRAN – BERLIN VOLUME VII Vologases I – Pacorus II ÖSTERREICHISCHE AKADEMIE DER WISSENSCHAFTEN PHILOSOPHISCH-HISTORISCHE KLASSE DENKSCHRIFTEN, 433. BAND SYLLOGE NUMMORUM PARTHICORUM Herausgegeben von Michael Alram, Vesta Sarkhosh Curtis und Daryoosh Akbarzadeh In Zusammenarbeit mit AMERICAN NUMISMATIC SOCIETY BIBLIOTHÈQUE NATIONALE DE FRANCE a BRITISH MUSEUM INSTITUT FÜR NUMISMATIK UND GELDGESCHICHTE, UNIVERSITY OF VIENNA KUNSTHISTORISCHES MUSEUM NATIONAL MUSEUM OF IRAN (MUZEH MELLI) National Museum of Iran STAATLICHE MUSEEN ZU BERLIN BRITISH INSTITUTE OF PERSIAN STUDIES ÖSTERREICHISCHE AKADEMIE DER WISSENSCHAFTEN PHILOSOPHISCH-HISTORISCHE KLASSE DENKSCHRIFTEN, 433. BAND VERÖFFENTLICHUNGEN DER NUMISMATISCHEN KOMMISSION BAND 56 FABRIZIO SINISI Sylloge Nummorum Parthicorum New York – Paris – London – Vienna – Tehran – Berlin Volume VII Vologases I – Pacorus II Vorgelegt von w. M. MICHAEL ALRAM in der Sitzung am 21. Oktober 2011 Die verwendete Papiersorte ist aus chlorfrei gebleichtem Zellstoff hergestellt, frei von säurebildenden Bestandteilen und alterungsbeständig. Alle Rechte vorbehalten ISBN 978-3-7001-7206-2 Copyright © 2012 by Österreichische Akademie der Wissenschaften Wien Herstellung: Satz und Layout: Andrea Sulzgruber Druck und Bindung: Prime Rate kft., Budapest http://hw.oeaw.ac.at/7206-2 http://verlag.oeaw.ac.at 5 CONTENTS FOREWORD ........................................................................................................ 7 I. INTRODUCTION
    [Show full text]