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Along the Royal Roads to Angkor
Chapter Four The Royal Roads of King Jayavarman VII and its Architectural Remains 4.1 King Jayavarman VII’s Royal Roads 4.1.1 General Information Jayavarman VII’s Royal Roads was believed (by many scholars) to be built in the era of Jayavarman VII who ruled Khmer empire between AD 1812 – 1218. The road network not only cover the area of the modern-day Cambodia but also the large areas of the present Laos, Thailand and Vietnam that were under the control of the empire as well. As demonstrated by Ooi Keat Gin in Southeast Asia: A Historical Encyclopeida from Angkor Wat to East Timor Volume Two; highways were built—straight, stone-paved roads running across hundreds of kilometers, raised above the flood level, with stone bridges across rivers and lined with rest houses every 15 kilometers. Parts of some roads are still visible, even serving as the bed for modern roads. From the capital city, Angkor, there were at least two roads to the east and two to the west. One of the latter ran across the Dangrek Mountains to Phimai and another went due west toward Sisophon, which means toward the only lowland pass from Cambodia into eastern Thailand in the direction of Lopburi or Ayutthaya. Toward the east, one road has been traced almost to the Mekong, and according to an inscription in which these roads are described, it may continue as far as the capital of Champa1 1 Ooi. (2004). Southeast Asia: A Historical Encyclopeida from Angkor Wat to East Timor Volume Two, (California: ABC-CLIO.inc.) pg. -
Cambodia-10-Contents.Pdf
©Lonely Planet Publications Pty Ltd Cambodia Temples of Angkor p129 ^# ^# Siem Reap p93 Northwestern Eastern Cambodia Cambodia p270 p228 #_ Phnom Penh p36 South Coast p172 THIS EDITION WRITTEN AND RESEARCHED BY Nick Ray, Jessica Lee PLAN YOUR TRIP ON THE ROAD Welcome to Cambodia . 4 PHNOM PENH . 36 TEMPLES OF Cambodia Map . 6 Sights . 40 ANGKOR . 129 Cambodia’s Top 10 . 8 Activities . 50 Angkor Wat . 144 Need to Know . 14 Courses . 55 Angkor Thom . 148 Bayon 149 If You Like… . 16 Tours . 55 .. Sleeping . 56 Baphuon 154 Month by Month . 18 . Eating . 62 Royal Enclosure & Itineraries . 20 Drinking & Nightlife . 73 Phimeanakas . 154 Off the Beaten Track . 26 Entertainment . 76 Preah Palilay . 154 Outdoor Adventures . 28 Shopping . 78 Tep Pranam . 155 Preah Pithu 155 Regions at a Glance . 33 Around Phnom Penh . 88 . Koh Dach 88 Terrace of the . Leper King 155 Udong 88 . Terrace of Elephants 155 Tonlé Bati 90 . .. Kleangs & Prasat Phnom Tamao Wildlife Suor Prat 155 Rescue Centre . 90 . Around Angkor Thom . 156 Phnom Chisor 91 . Baksei Chamkrong 156 . CHRISTOPHER GROENHOUT / GETTY IMAGES © IMAGES GETTY / GROENHOUT CHRISTOPHER Kirirom National Park . 91 Phnom Bakheng. 156 SIEM REAP . 93 Chau Say Tevoda . 157 Thommanon 157 Sights . 95 . Spean Thmor 157 Activities . 99 .. Ta Keo 158 Courses . 101 . Ta Nei 158 Tours . 102 . Ta Prohm 158 Sleeping . 103 . Banteay Kdei Eating . 107 & Sra Srang . 159 Drinking & Nightlife . 115 Prasat Kravan . 159 PSAR THMEI P79, Entertainment . 117. Preah Khan 160 PHNOM PENH . Shopping . 118 Preah Neak Poan . 161 Around Siem Reap . 124 Ta Som 162 . TIM HUGHES / GETTY IMAGES © IMAGES GETTY / HUGHES TIM Banteay Srei District . -
Paleoenvironmental History of the West Baray, Angkor (Cambodia)
Paleoenvironmental history of the West Baray, Angkor (Cambodia) Mary Beth Daya,1, David A. Hodellb, Mark Brennerc, Hazel J. Chapmana, Jason H. Curtisd, William F. Kenneyc, Alan L. Kolatae, and Larry C. Petersonf aDepartment of Earth Sciences, Downing Street, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK, CB2 3EQ; bDepartment of Earth Sciences and Godwin Laboratory for Palaeoclimate Research, Downing Street, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK, CB2 3EQ; cDepartment of Geological Sciences and Land Use and Environmental Change Institute, P.O. Box 112120, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, 32611; dDepartment of Geological Sciences, P.O. Box 112120, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, 32611; eDepartment of Anthropology, 1126 East 59th Street, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, 60637; and fRosenstiel School of Marine and Atmospheric Science, 4600 Rickenbacker Causeway, University of Miami, Miami, FL, 33149 Edited by Mark H Thiemens, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, and approved November 22, 2011 (received for review July 15, 2011) Angkor (Cambodia) was the seat of the Khmer Empire from the 9th ture (1, 2, 12, 13). Tree ring records from Vietnam indicate to 15th century AD. The site is noted for its monumental architec- extended periods of severe drought punctuated by unusually rainy ture and complex hydro-engineering systems, comprised of canals, intervals during the late 14th and early 15th centuries (12) moats, embankments, and large reservoirs, known as barays. We (Fig. 2B). Such intense variability in multidecadal precipitation infer a 1,000-y, 14C-dated paleoenvironmental record from study of may have overwhelmed the capabilities of the water management an approximately 2-m sediment core taken in the largest Khmer network. -
Temples Tour Final Lite
explore the ancient city of angkor Visiting the Angkor temples is of course a must. Whether you choose a Grand Circle tour or a lessdemanding visit, you will be treated to an unforgettable opportunity to witness the wonders of ancient Cambodian art and culture and to ponder the reasons for the rise and fall of this great Southeast Asian civili- zation. We have carefully created twelve itinearies to explore the wonders of Siem Reap Province including the must-do and also less famous but yet fascinating monuments and sites. + See the interactive map online : http://angkor.com.kh/ interactive-map/ 1. small circuit TOUR The “small tour” is a circuit to see the major tem- ples of the Ancient City of Angkor such as Angkor Wat, Ta Prohm and Bayon. We recommend you to be escorted by a tour guide to discover the story of this mysterious and fascinating civilization. For the most courageous, you can wake up early (depar- ture at 4:45am from the hotel) to see the sunrise. (It worth it!) Monuments & sites to visit MORNING: Prasats Kravan, Banteay Kdei, Ta Prohm, Takeo AFTERNOON: Prasats Elephant and Leper King Ter- race, Baphuon, Bayon, Angkor Thom South Gate, Angkor Wat Angkor Wat Banteay Srei 2. Grand circuit TOUR 3. phnom kulen The “grand tour” is also a circuit in the main Angkor The Phnom Kulen mountain range is located 48 km area but you will see further temples like Preah northwards from Angkor Wat. Its name means Khan, Preah Neak Pean to the Eastern Mebon and ‘mountain of the lychees’. -
Preah Vihear Province Investment Information
Municipality and Province Preah Vihear Province Investment Information Preah Vihear Province Preah Vihear Road Network 99 Municipality and Province Preah Vihear Province Investment Information I. Introduction to the Province Preah Vihear is located in northern Cambodia, 294 km from Phnom Penh running through National Road No. 6 and 629. The province borders Stung Treng province to the east, Siem Reap province and Oddar Meanchey province to the west, Thailand and Laos to the north and Kampong Thom province to the south. While much of the province is extremely remote and strongly forested, and the province is one of least populated in Cambodia, it is home to three impressive legacies from the Angkorian era: the mountain temple of Prasat Preah Vihear, which is well known as a World Heritage Site, the 10th-century capital of Koh Ker and the mighty Preak Khan. These legacies attract many local and international tourists every year. The provincial economy 85% based on farming and the remaining 15% based on fishing and other sectors. Recently, because of its border with Thailand, international trade has increased slightly, becoming another important sector for the province's economy. The province is endowed with endless natural treasures. With acres of dense, hilly forests and scrub green vegetation, Preah Vihear is indeed an ideal getaway destination to Cambodia’s nature with the breathtaking views over the Dangkrek Mountains and lush jungle from Preah Vihear temples. Preah Vihear has abundant water resources from 219 natural water reservoirs -
Koh Ker Food
The Ponheary Ly Foundation wants to help you interact with the so- cial, cultural, spiritual and political elements of Cambodia in a positive and appropriate manner, thereby creating an experience that is not only fulfilling but is also genuine. In doing this we have found the experience of giving is becoming an important part of the Cambodian recovery. The Ponheary Ly Foundation is well established as a credible and innovative organization in the multiple communities in which it works, amongst governmental bodies, and other non-profit organizations working in education and social development. The PLF was founded by Ponheary Ly, a Khmer Rouge survivor and former educator. The Foundation is managed by Lori Carlson, from Austin Texas, a long-time resident of Siem Reap. PLF’s work ranges from providing localized and immediate hands-on responses to challenges facing families, communities, and schools in the realm of educational access and quality, to the more systemic advocacy work of improving teacher training and strengthening educational infrastructure. Through its array of programs, the foundation currently reaches approximately 2,500 children and youth across primary and secondary schools in Siem Reap and Preah Vihear Provinces. In the following pages you will find meaningful ways in which to engage with our students that will both benefit them and leave a lasting impression on you. School is the Answer. The PLF can provide tax receipts for participants from the USA, Canada and the UK. Cooking Lunch at Koh Ker Primary School Koh Ker School has 225 students and is located in a remote area of Preah Vihear Province in the shadow of Koh Ker temple. -
Download Skanda on a Peacock Forfeiture Complaint.Pdf
Case 1:21-cv-06065 Document 1 Filed 07/15/21 Page 1 of 15 AUDREY STRAUSS United States Attorney for the Southern District of New York By: JESSICA FEINSTEIN Assistant United States Attorney One Saint Andrew’s Plaza New York, New York 10007 Tel. (212) 637-1946 UNITED STATES DISTRICT COURT SOUTHERN DISTRICT OF NEW YORK - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - x : UNITED STATES OF AMERICA, : Plaintiff, : VERIFIED COMPLAINT FOR -v.- FORFEITURE : 21 Civ. ___ (___) A 10th CENTURY CAMBODIAN SANDSTONE : SCULPTURE DEPICTING SKANDA ON A PEACOCK, : : Defendant in Rem. : : - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - X Plaintiff United States of America, by its attorney Audrey Strauss, United States Attorney for the Southern District of New York, for its verified complaint, alleges, upon information and belief, as follows: I. NATURE OF THE ACTION 1. This action is brought by the United States of America seeking forfeiture of all right, title and interest in a sandstone statue, circa 10th Century A.D., depicting the Hindu deity Skanda riding a peacock, which was illicitly removed from the Prasat Krachap temple at Case 1:21-cv-06065 Document 1 Filed 07/15/21 Page 2 of 15 the historic and archeological site of Koh Ker, Preah Vihear Province, Cambodia (the “Defendant in rem”). A photograph of the Defendant in rem is attached hereto as Exhibit A. 2. The current owner of the Defendant in rem (the “Owner”) has voluntarily relinquished possession of the Defendant in rem to the United States of America, and waives all claims of right, title and interest in the Defendant in rem. The Defendant in rem is currently located in the possession of the Department of Homeland Security, New York, New York. -
Appendix Appendix
APPENDIX APPENDIX DYNASTIC LISTS, WITH GOVERNORS AND GOVERNORS-GENERAL Burma and Arakan: A. Rulers of Pagan before 1044 B. The Pagan dynasty, 1044-1287 C. Myinsaing and Pinya, 1298-1364 D. Sagaing, 1315-64 E. Ava, 1364-1555 F. The Toungoo dynasty, 1486-1752 G. The Alaungpaya or Konbaung dynasty, 1752- 1885 H. Mon rulers of Hanthawaddy (Pegu) I. Arakan Cambodia: A. Funan B. Chenla C. The Angkor monarchy D. The post-Angkor period Champa: A. Linyi B. Champa Indonesia and Malaya: A. Java, Pre-Muslim period B. Java, Muslim period C. Malacca D. Acheh (Achin) E. Governors-General of the Netherlands East Indies Tai Dynasties: A. Sukhot'ai B. Ayut'ia C. Bangkok D. Muong Swa E. Lang Chang F. Vien Chang (Vientiane) G. Luang Prabang 954 APPENDIX 955 Vietnam: A. The Hong-Bang, 2879-258 B.c. B. The Thuc, 257-208 B.C. C. The Trieu, 207-I I I B.C. D. The Earlier Li, A.D. 544-602 E. The Ngo, 939-54 F. The Dinh, 968-79 G. The Earlier Le, 980-I009 H. The Later Li, I009-I225 I. The Tran, 1225-I400 J. The Ho, I400-I407 K. The restored Tran, I407-I8 L. The Later Le, I4I8-I8o4 M. The Mac, I527-I677 N. The Trinh, I539-I787 0. The Tay-Son, I778-I8o2 P. The Nguyen Q. Governors and governors-general of French Indo China APPENDIX DYNASTIC LISTS BURMA AND ARAKAN A. RULERS OF PAGAN BEFORE IOH (According to the Burmese chronicles) dat~ of accusion 1. Pyusawti 167 2. Timinyi, son of I 242 3· Yimminpaik, son of 2 299 4· Paikthili, son of 3 . -
Evidence for the Breakdown of an Angkorian Hydraulic System, and Its
Journal of Archaeological Science: Reports 17 (2018) 195–211 Contents lists available at ScienceDirect Journal of Archaeological Science: Reports journal homepage: www.elsevier.com/locate/jasrep Evidence for the breakdown of an Angkorian hydraulic system, and its MARK historical implications for understanding the Khmer Empire ⁎ Terry Lustiga, ,1, Sarah Klassenb, Damian Evansc, Robert Frenchd, Ian Moffate a Department of Archaeology, University of Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia b School of Human Evolution and Social Change, Arizona State University, 900 S Cady Mall, Tempe, AZ 85281, United States c École française d'Extrême-Orient, 22 Avenue du Président Wilson, Paris 75116, France d Independent Scholar, 30 Woodlands Rd, Ashbury, NSW 2193, Australia e Department of Archaeology, Flinders University, Bedford Park, SA 5042, Australia ARTICLE INFO ABSTRACT Keywords: This paper examines the construction and design of a 7-km long embankment, probably built for King Angkor Jayavarman IV between 928 and 941 CE, as part of a new capital. We calculate that the capacities of the outlets Archaeology were too small, and conclude that the embankment failed, probably within a decade of construction, so that the Engineering practice benefits of the reservoir stored by the embankment and the access road on top of it were lessened substantially. Koh Ker We explain how the design was sub-optimal for construction, and that while the layout had a high aesthetic Lidar impact, the processes for ensuring structural integrity were poor. Simple and inexpensive steps to secure the weir Palaeohydrology Trial and error were not undertaken. We speculate that this early failure may have contributed to the decision to return the Water management royal court and the capital of the Khmer Empire to the Angkor region, marking a critically important juncture in regional history. -
2-Day Luxury Camping Koh Ker
2-day Luxury Camping Koh Ker Downloaded on: 6 Oct 2021 Tour code: REPHACA1 Tour type ( Private ) Tour Level: Relaxed / Easy Tour Comfort: Luxury Tour Period: 2 Days Siem Reap highlights tour details Enjoy sunrise from the top of an ancient Khmer pyramid Experience a contrasting landscape and travel deep into the Travel into the jungle to a magnificent hidden temple Cambodian jungle to Koh Ker, a magnificent temple site magically Cycle around ancient temples and sacred buildings concealed by ancient trees. We’ll pass through lively villages as we Visit impressive Banteay Srei temple head to the remote Beng Mealea, a long abandoned temple See Banteay Samre, a stunning temple complex surrounded by the jungle. We’ll then head to a hidden place called “Poeung Komnou” to enjoy a lunch in the countryside before making our way to our campsite. The following morning, you’ll watch the sunrise from the summit of the immense pyramid of Prasat Thom. We’ll then start a cycling tour around the temples of Koh Ker. Finally, we’ll head back to Siem Reap and visit Banteay Srei temple, regarded as the crown jewel of classical Khmer art, and Banteay Samre, one of the most complete complexes at Angkor due to restoration efforts. Contact [email protected] www.diethelmtravel.com Copyright © Diethelm Travel Management Limited. All right reserved. 2-day Luxury Camping Koh Ker tour description Day 1 : SIEM REAP - BENG MEALEA - KOH KER (-/L/D) Morning, drive from Siem Reap to the remote Beng Mealea temple through the typical Khmer countryside (60 km from Siem Reap) There is a lot to see in the drive as it takes you through many lively villages and along kilometers of rice paddies. -
Reclamation and Regeneration of the Ancient Baray
RECLAMATION AND REGENERATION OF THE ANCIENT BARAY A Proposal for Phimai Historical Park Olmtong Ektanitphong December 2014 Submitted towards the fulfillment of the requirements for the Doctor of Architecture Degree. School of Architecture University of Hawai‘i at Mānoa Doctorate Project Committee Kazi K. Ashraf, Chairperson William R. Chapman, Committee Member Pornthum Thumwimol, Committee Member ACKNOWLEDMENTS I would like to express the deepest appreciation to my committee chair, Professor Kazi K. Ashraf, who has the attitude and the substance of a genius: he continually and convincingly a spirit of adventure in regard to research and the design, and excitement in regard to teaching. Without his guidance and persistent help this dissertation would not have been possible. I would like to thank my committee members, Professor William R. Chapman and Dr. Pornthum Thumwimol, whose work demonstrated to me that concern for archaeological aspects of Khmer and Thai culture. They supported me immensely throughout the period of my dissertation. Their valuable advice and discussions guided me to the end-result of this study. I highly appreciated for their generally being a good uncle and brother as well as a supervisor. In addition, a thank you to the director, archaeologists, academic officers and administration staff at Phimai Historical Park and at the Fine Arts Department of Thailand, who gave me such valuable information and discussion. Specially, thank you to Mr. Teerachat veerayuttanond, my supervisor during internship with The Fine Arts Department of Thailand, who first introduced me to Phimai Town and took me on the site survey at Phimai Town. Last but not least, I would like to thank University of Hawaii for giving me the opportunity for my study research and design. -
A STUDY of the NAMES of MONUMENTS in ANGKOR (Cambodia)
A STUDY OF THE NAMES OF MONUMENTS IN ANGKOR (Cambodia) NHIM Sotheavin Sophia Asia Center for Research and Human Development, Sophia University Introduction This article aims at clarifying the concept of Khmer culture by specifically explaining the meanings of the names of the monuments in Angkor, names that have existed within the Khmer cultural community.1 Many works on Angkor history have been researched in different fields, such as the evolution of arts and architecture, through a systematic analysis of monuments and archaeological excavation analysis, and the most crucial are based on Cambodian epigraphy. My work however is meant to shed light on Angkor cultural history by studying the names of the monuments, and I intend to do so by searching for the original names that are found in ancient and middle period inscriptions, as well as those appearing in the oral tradition. This study also seeks to undertake a thorough verification of the condition and shape of the monuments, as well as the mode of affixation of names for them by the local inhabitants. I also wish to focus on certain crucial errors, as well as the insufficiency of earlier studies on the subject. To begin with, the books written in foreign languages often have mistakes in the vocabulary involved in the etymology of Khmer temples. Some researchers are not very familiar with the Khmer language, and besides, they might not have visited the site very often, or possibly also they did not pay too much attention to the oral tradition related to these ruins, a tradition that might be known to the village elders.