Mémoires 2016
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The Maskilim of Romania and the Question of Identity: "The Romanian Israelites"
www.ssoar.info The Maskilim of Romania and the Question of Identity: "The Romanian Israelites" Herșcovici, Lucian-Zeev Veröffentlichungsversion / Published Version Zeitschriftenartikel / journal article Empfohlene Zitierung / Suggested Citation: Herșcovici, L.-Z. (2018). The Maskilim of Romania and the Question of Identity: "The Romanian Israelites". Annals of the University of Bucharest / Political science series, 2018(1), 5-26. https://nbn-resolving.org/urn:nbn:de:0168- ssoar-73989-6 Nutzungsbedingungen: Terms of use: Dieser Text wird unter einer CC BY-NC-ND Lizenz This document is made available under a CC BY-NC-ND Licence (Namensnennung-Nicht-kommerziell-Keine Bearbeitung) zur (Attribution-Non Comercial-NoDerivatives). For more Information Verfügung gestellt. Nähere Auskünfte zu den CC-Lizenzen finden see: Sie hier: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/2.0 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/2.0/deed.de CONSTRUCTING IDENTITY THE MASKILIM OF ROMANIA AND THE QUESTION OF IDENTITY: “THE ROMANIAN ISRAELITES” LUCIAN-ZEEV HERȘCOVICI Abstract . The aim of this paper is to answer some questions concerning the identity of the maskilim of Romania, mainly those of the second generation, called "the generation of 1878" or "the generation of the Congress of Berlin". They called themselves "Romanian Israelites," similarly to the maskilim of other countries, just like the "French Israelites," "German Israelites," "Russian Israelites," and so on. What was it that defined their Jewish identity and what their Romanian one? When did -
Proquest Dissertations
LITERATURE, MODERNITY, NATION THE CASE OF ROMANIA, 1829-1890 Alexander Drace-Francis School of Slavonic and East European Studies, University College London Thesis submitted for the degree of PhD June, 2001 ProQuest Number: U642911 All rights reserved INFORMATION TO ALL USERS The quality of this reproduction is dependent upon the quality of the copy submitted. In the unlikely event that the author did not send a complete manuscript and there are missing pages, these will be noted. Also, if material had to be removed, a note will indicate the deletion. uest. ProQuest U642911 Published by ProQuest LLC(2016). Copyright of the Dissertation is held by the Author. All rights reserved. This work is protected against unauthorized copying under Title 17, United States Code. Microform Edition © ProQuest LLC. ProQuest LLC 789 East Eisenhower Parkway P.O. Box 1346 Ann Arbor, Ml 48106-1346 ABSTRACT The subject of this thesis is the development of a literary culture among the Romanians in the period 1829-1890; the effect of this development on the Romanians’ drive towards social modernization and political independence; and the way in which the idea of literature (as both concept and concrete manifestation) and the idea of the Romanian nation shaped each other. I concentrate on developments in the Principalities of Moldavia and Wallachia (which united in 1859, later to form the old Kingdom of Romania). I begin with an outline of general social and political change in the Principalities in the period to 1829, followed by an analysis of the image of the Romanians in European public opinion, with particular reference to the state of cultural institutions (literacy, literary activity, education, publishing, individual groups) and their evaluation for political purposes. -
Nationalism and Anti-Semitism in an Independent Romania
E-ISSN 2281-4612 Academic Journal of Vol 8 No 2 ISSN 2281-3993 July 2019 Interdisciplinary Studies . Research Article © 2019 Giuseppe Motta. This is an open access article licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivs License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/3.0/). Nationalism and Anti-Semitism in an Independent Romania Giuseppe Motta Doi: 10.2478/ajis-2019-0012 Abstract The history of antisemitism in Romania is strictly connected to the religious and cultural framework of those territories, as well as to their political integration from the age of emancipation and independence to the establishment of a Greater Romania after World War I. This article aims to analyse the different intersections of this historical process and the continuity between the old forms of anti-judaism and their re-interpretation according to modernist dynamics during the first half of the Twentieth-Century. The Romanian case illustrates the transformation and re-adapting of old religious prejudice in new doctrines of xenophobia, nationalism and antisemitism. Keywords: Antisemitism, Anti-Judaism, Nationalism, Romania, Marginalization 1. Introduction. The Birth of Romania and the Question of Citizenship When studying Romanian contemporary history, a scholar is inevitably destined to meet with the question of anti-Semitism and the Jewish conditions in Romania. This is quite obvious when considering the interwar years or the Second World War, but a serious analysis could not help focusing attention on the previous century, when Romania became independent. This State was formed by two Romanian principalities, Wallachia and Moldavia, which had been under Ottoman sovereignty until the nineteenth century, when they fell under Russian influence and experienced the national awakening that led to the 1848 revolution in Wallachia and to the first union under Alexandru Ioan Cuza in 1859 (Georgescu 1992; Hitchins 1994). -
Constructed Jewish Spaces. Exploring Traces in 19Th Century Moldavia
Marginalia. Limits within the Urban Realm 115 Constructed Jewish Spaces. Exploring Traces in 19th Century Moldavia Irina-Teodora Nemțeanu PhD student, “Ion Mincu” University of Architecture and Urbanism, Bucharest, Romania [email protected] Keywords: construct; diaspora; Jewish quarter; shtetl; eruv; Moldavia e theme and historiography of Jewish communities in Romania is a topic which has been widely researched, beginning with the 19th century1 and, up until today, is still an ongoing inquiry.2 Usually depicted by historians, the subject, however, lacks an architectural and urban overview of the phenomenon in terms of analyzing the relationship between Jewish constructed spaces and their developing urban context – the city. As an ongoing research, this paper does not intend to oer peremptory conclusions for the spatial layout of Jewish communities inside Romanian cities3, but merely explores a common ground and certain general traits which could have served Jewish communities in creating their local variations of constructed spaces. Furthermore, we do not want to illustrate a representative portraiture of Jewish architecture or urban space, but simply convey a few spatial patterns which could be considered common when dealing with Jewish habitation, “a mosaic of possible Jewish and non-Jewish spatial practices, spatial debates and spatial constructions in various urban contexts”.4 e question of Jewish living typologies arises in contemporary research; Frederic Bedoire5 considers that one cannot demonstrate the existence of Jewish architecture, while Felix Heinert regards the intent to oer a typological overview upon Jewish urban space to be misleading6 and Rudolf Klein, however, considers the use of templates to be suitable in analyzing Jewish urban space and architecture. -
Bucarest, Le 19 Mai 1999
PLAN URBANISTIC ZONAL ȘI REGULAMENT LOCAL DE URBANISM ANSAMBLUL ȘOSEAUA IAȘULUI MUNICIPIUL BOTOȘANI Beneficiar: MUNICIPIUL BOTOȘANI Executanţi: S.C. QUATTRO DESIGN S.R.L. – proiectant general Director general: arh. Toader POPESCU Şef proiect: arh. Șerban POPESCU-CRIVEANU Contract nr. C206/7347/2015 S.C. PROIECT BOTOȘANI S.R.L. – subproiectant Director general: arh. Mihai TULBURE Contract nr. C209/102/2015 Denumirea fazei: ETAPA 1. PUZ PRELIMINAR Denumirea studiului: MEMORIU GENERAL Data: Iunie 2015 Autori: S.C. QUATTRO DESIGN S.R.L.: arh. Șerban POPESCU-CRIVEANU (şef proiect) arh. urb. Ana Maria PETRESCU arh. Toader POPESCU arh. Daniela PUIA urb. Alexandra HAJNŠEK arh. Cristian SEVERIN ing. Mihaela NIȚULESCU (circulații) ing. Dinu ZAHARESCU (edilitare) S.C. PROIECT BOTOȘANI S.R.L.: arh. Mihai TULBURE arh. Constantin HARALAMB arh. Sorana TULBURE arh. Raluca PRISĂCARIU ing. Dorina MUSTEAȚĂ (evaluări) ing. Cezar BĂLINIȘTEANU (edilitare) geol. Vasile JURAVLE (studiu geotehnic) 2 PLAN URBANISTIC ZONAL ȘI REGULAMENT LOCAL DE URBANISM ANSAMBLUL ȘOSEAUA IAȘULUI MUNICIPIUL BOTOȘANI FOAIE DE SEMNĂTURI ŞI ŞTAMPILE S.C. QUATTRO DESIGN S.R.L.: arh. Șerban POPESCU-CRIVEANU (şef proiect) arh. urb. Ana Maria PETRESCU arh. Toader POPESCU arh. Daniela PUIA urb. Alexandra HAJNŠEK arh. Cristian SEVERIN ing. Mihaela NIȚULESCU ing. Dinu ZAHARESCU S.C. PROIECT BOTOȘANI S.R.L.: arh. Mihai TULBURE arh. Constantin HARALAMB arh. Sorana TULBURE arh. Raluca PRISĂCARIU ing. Dorina MUSTEAȚĂ ing. Cezar BĂLINIȘTEANU geol. Vasile JURAVLE 3 PLAN URBANISTIC ZONAL ȘI REGULAMENT LOCAL DE URBANISM ANSAMBLUL ȘOSEAUA IAȘULUI MUNICIPIUL BOTOȘANI Denumirea şi conţinutul capitolelor: ETAPA 1. PUZ preliminar ETAPA 2. Consultare și avizare ETAPA 3. Plan urbanistic zonal și Regulament local de urbanism 4 PLAN URBANISTIC ZONAL ȘI REGULAMENT LOCAL DE URBANISM ANSAMBLUL ȘOSEAUA IAȘULUI MUNICIPIUL BOTOȘANI Denumirea studiului: MEMORIU GENERAL 1. -
Luna Evenimentelor Culturale La BOOKFEST 2018 Ziua Copilului, Sărbătorită La Bucureşti PAG
Comunităţi PAG. 10, 11, 15 PUBLICAŢIE A FEDERAŢIEI COMUNITĂŢILOR EVREIEŞTI DIN ROMÂNIA Ziua Limbii şi Teatrului ANUL LXII = NR. 518-519 (1318-1319) = 1 – 30 IUNIE 2018 = 18 SIVAN – 17 TAMUZ 5778 = 24 PAGINI – 3 LEI Idiş, ediţia I PAG. 2, 3, 16 PAG. 4, 5 Editura Hasefer Luna evenimentelor culturale la BOOKFEST 2018 Ziua Copilului, sărbătorită la Bucureşti PAG. 4 PAG. 5 Subiecte diverse pe agenda Comitetului Director Keshet 12 la Bucureşti PAG. 6 PAG. 6 Omagiu eroilor evrei Blecher Fest, ediţia a II-a PAG. 7 PAG. 8 Tora a revenit Ziua Limbii şi Teatrului Idiş – Suceava în „Sinagoga-diamant” din Caransebeş Blecher Fest – Roman Zilele Culturii Sefarde, ediţia a V-a PAG. 9 PAG. 9 Interviu cu Iudith Szabó, prima femeie chirurg din Transilvania PAG. 14 Expoziţie Keshet – București Bookfest – București de fotografie artistică Ruth Oren Toma George Maiorescu – Marele Premiu Internaţional al Poeziei Francofone Din activităţile de cercetare ale La 15 iunie a.c., la Băile Herculane, În „Laudatio” rostit cu acest prilej, în cadrul colocviilor anuale ale revistei Michel Benard s-a referit la apropierea „Reflex”, poetului Toma George Maio- de decenii dintre România şi Franţa şi Centrul pentru Studiul Istoriei PAG. 13 rescu i s-a decernat Marele Premiu i-a amintit pe artiştii, scriitorii şi poeţii Evreilor din România Internaţional al Poeziei Francofone de români care au făcut carieră în Franţa: către o delegaţie sosită de la Paris, în Mircea Eliade, Tristan Tzara, Paul Celan, PAG. 16 frunte cu poetul Michel Benard, Cavaler Benjamin Fondane, Emil Cioran, Eugène Faţă-n faţă – al Ordinului Artelor şi Literelor. -
Pagini De Tinerete
1 11 N. IORGA PAGINI DE TINERETE A N. IORGA PAGINI DE TINERETE I N. IORGA PAGINI DE TINERETE Editie alcituitá, prefatii bibliografie de BARBU THEODORESCU STPD:II $1 DOCUMENTE 1 9 6 8 EDITURA PENTRU IITERATURA INTRODUCERE Parea cneamul lorga era sortit pieirii, luind calea anonimatului, fàrca vreo putere fireasca sa-1 mai scoata' la iveala, tragind dupa sine si cele doua neamuri inrudite : Draghici ;iArghiropol. Oameni obositi prin munca inaintasilor risipitori de energie, sleiti materiali- ceste, se framintau in nenumarate nevoi, ajungind modesti avocati, consilieri comunali, ofiteri, gazetari. Totusi in modestia lor aduceau simtul gospodaresci pe cel al solidaritatii de familie. Inca tinara pereche botosaneana avocatul Nicui Zulnia Iorga ar fi dus in con- tinuare viata patriarhala cu ambitii politice locale, daca boala nu ar fi rapus in plink' tinerete pe so; I Cu cinci ani mai inainte misiunea familiei fusese implinita prin venirea pe lume a fiului lor care primi numele tatalui. La un an urmeaza ten altul. 2 In primul act al oficialitatii sta scris ca la 5 iunie 1871 a venit pe lume copilul Nicu N. Iorga, de sex masculin, de religic ortodoxa... la orele 12 din noapte, in casa parinteasca in orasul Botosani, din strada Copoului" 3.Destinul atotstiutor face ca Nicolae Iorga fie adus de parce in casele lui Cuza" ;istoricul pasea astfel de la prima licarire a vietii prin largilec'aiale creatorilor de viatà idemnitate nationala. Astfel neamul ii asigurase continuitatea, mai mult, ceea cc nu banuia nimeni, intra pentru totdeauna in acea galcrie mereu cercetatai pusa in calea gIorificrii, fiindca pc unul din fii il inzcstrase natura cu insusiri de-a dreptul uluitoare. -
The Jews and the Nation-States of Southeastern Europe from the 19 Century to the Great Depression
The Jews and the Nation-States of Southeastern Europe from the 19th Century to the Great Depression The Jews and the Nation-States of Southeastern Europe from the 19th Century to the Great Depression: Combining Viewpoints on a Controversial Story Edited by Tullia Catalan and Marco Dogo The Jews and the Nation-States of Southeastern Europe from the 19th Century to the Great Depression: Combining Viewpoints on a Controversial Story Edited by Tullia Catalan and Marco Dogo This book first published 2016 Cambridge Scholars Publishing Lady Stephenson Library, Newcastle upon Tyne, NE6 2PA, UK British Library Cataloguing in Publication Data A catalogue record for this book is available from the British Library Copyright © 2016 by Tullia Catalan, Marco Dogo and contributors All rights for this book reserved. No part of this book may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted, in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording or otherwise, without the prior permission of the copyright owner. This volume is the final outcome of a research project on the Jews in Southeastern Europe financed by the Italian Ministry of Education, University and Research (PRIN 2009) in the AY 2011-2013, whose preliminary results were submitted to an international conference held in Trieste, 12-13 May 2014. The Editors wish to express their gratitude to the administrative staff of the Department of Humanities, University of Trieste, for their help. ISBN (10): 1-4438-9454-0 ISBN (13): 978-1-4438-9454-8 TABLE OF CONTENTS Introduction ............................................................................................... vii T. Catalan and M. Dogo Part I. The Jews in Southeastern Europe Chapter One ................................................................................................ -
Imagining Individual and Collective Action in Nineteenth-Century Romania
Visions of Agency: Imagining Individual and Collective Action in Nineteenth-Century Romania Andrei Dan Sorescu UCL PhD History 1 2 I, Andrei Dan Sorescu, confirm that the work presented in this thesis is my own. Where information has been derived from other sources, I confirm that this has been indicated in the thesis. Date: 19/03/2019 Signature: 3 Abstract The present dissertation explores the contexts in which political agency was negotiated in nineteenth-century Romania (1830-1907), the concepts through which it was articulated, and the ways in which it was perceived as being distributed across time, class and state borders. Whatever may be understood by ‘agency’ is necessarily projected onto others as a way of making sense of their actions and justifying our power relationships with them, and situated in time, insofar as we tend to assume that projects in the present and the future are informed by past intentions and conditions. Guided by these assumptions, our research focuses on two key questions: how did historical actors ascribe agency to other actors and to themselves, and per which criteria? And, secondly, how did specific ways of thinking about agency in turn influence historical actors’ own perceptions of history and temporality? In order to make sense of this, we use “agency” – a socio-culturally mediated capacity to act,1 inherently temporally-situated – in order to historicise perspectives on human action, taking Romania as a case-study, covering a period from the preliminaries of establishing a nation-state and the abolition of serfdom, to the last great European peasant uprising. -
The Jewish Question: the Exclusion of Jews from Citizenship
Chapter 7 The Jewish Question: the Exclusion of Jews from Citizenship The exclusion of Jews from citizenship is the most relevant case study for the functioning of the constitutional nationalist regime. This chapter presents a comprehensive overview of the legal status of Jews during the emergence and consolidation of the Romanian nation-state (1859–1914).1 During this period, the Romanian authorities’ policies toward Jews were neither unitary nor stable and consistent, but differed according to the social position, ideological ori- entation, and regional affiliation of the actors involved in shaping its course. I identify three main stages in the process of excluding Jews from citizenship, which correspond to the main stages in the development of a unified national citizenship: namely the rule of Alexandru Ioan Cuza (1859–1866); the first par- liamentary period up to the Congress of Berlin (1866–1878); and the period beginning with amendments to the Constitution, up to the outbreak of World War I (1879–1914). The first period (1859–1866) was characterized by the governmental poli- cies of conditional Jewish emancipation. Following two failed attempts at the unconditional emancipation of Jews in the pre-1858 period (in 1848 and 1858), after the union of Moldavia and Wallachia, the two provincial governments proposed an offer for the conditional emancipation of indigenous Jews, while at the same time trying to end the immigration of foreign Jews. While the terms of the conditional emancipation offer were rather ambiguous, they neverthe- less invariably included demands for: (1) the reformation of the Mosaic religion and the Jewish communal institutions and identities; (2) the individual cul- tural assimilation of Jews into society as “Romanians of the Mosaic faith”; and (3) their social integration as “productive” elements. -
Special Articles the Twentieth Century Through American Jewish Eyes: a History of the American Jewish Year Book, 1899-1999
Special Articles The Twentieth Century Through American Jewish Eyes: A History of the American Jewish Year Book, 1899-1999 BY JONATHAN D. SARNA AND JONATHAN J. GOLDEN "TH X-/VERYTHING MUST HAVE A BEGINNING, and the beginning is necessarily imperfect."1 With this modest disclaimer, the first volume of the American Jewish Year Book opened, appearing in time for Rosh Hashanah of the Hebrew year 5660 (1899-1900). American Jewry at that time boasted a population (according to the Year Book) of 1,043,800, making it the third largest Jewish population center in the world, after Rus- sia and Austria-Hungary. New York, home to about half the nation's Jews, had ballooned into the world's most populous Jewish community, more than twice the size of its nearest rival, Warsaw. Over 40 percent of Amer- ica's Jews were newcomers, in the country ten years or less. And more Jews were pouring into the country every day. The publishers of the new Year Book, the Jewish Publication Society (JPS), founded in Philadelphia in 1888, understood the changing situa- tion of the American Jewish community better than did most American Jews. JPS leaders, many of them longtime community activists, viewed America as the future center of world Jewry and boldly aimed to prepare American Jewry to assume its "manifest destiny." Germany, where many of their own parents had been born, had disappointed them by suc- cumbing to "a revival of mediaeval prejudices." "It befits us as free citi- zens of the noblest of countries," they announced, "to take it up in their stead." Blending together American patriotism with concern for the wel- fare of their fellow Jews abroad, they looked to publish books that would both prepare American Jewry to assume the burden of Jewish leadership and, simultaneously, announce to the world that the American Jewish community had arrived.2 The Year Book would advance both of these goals. -
Storyline the Museum of the History of Romanian Jewry and the Holocaust Bucharest, Romania
Storyline The Museum of the History of Romanian Jewry and the Holocaust Bucharest, Romania 1. Judaism and Christianity in Antiquity, Christianity’s Derivation from Judaism, the Old and New Testaments, the Exile of Jews in the Roman Empire 2. The beginnings of Jewish presence in the roman province of Dacia The oldest evidence of the presence of Jews on Romania's territory dates from the 1st to the 3rd centuries. Here are some epigraphic documents that refer to the presence of the Jews in Roman Dacia (the Roman province after Dacia was conquered by the Roman Empire, in 106): - Inscriptions of names of Jewish origin. - A stone ring having a Jewish inscription, discovered in Sarmisegetuza. - Objects inscribed with Jewish symbols. - The presence of eastern religions in Roman Dacia. - Dacia is known to have hosted military units brought from Palestine. Other testimonies: - The comparison made by Jewish historian Josephus Flavius (in his Jewish Antiquities) between the ascetic lifestyle of the Essenes in the Judean desert and that practiced by members of a religious sect in Dacia (the Pleistoi). - Apostle Andrew preached the Gospel in the land of the Scythes / Scythia (Eusebius of Caesarea, Historia Ecclesiastica). The general meaning of the name "Scythia" refers not only to the land in the northern and eastern parts of Pontus Euxinus (the Black Sea), but also to Scythia Minor, i.e. Dobrogea. Apostles focused on the Jews settled in different cities of the Roman Empire. - 133-134. A coin issued by Simon Bar Kochba, the leader of the independence movement of the Jews from the Roman Empire, during this period (132-135), was discovered in 1971 during the excavation works at the fort of Pojejena (near Orșova).