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Linguistic Diversity, Linguistic Div Minority Languages Minority
LINGUISTIC DIVERSITY, LINGUISTIC DIV MINORITY LANGUAGES MINORITY LAN AND SUSTAINABLE AND SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT DEVELOPMENT DEVEL DIVERSIDAD LINGÜÍSTICA, DIVERSIDAD LENGUAS MINORIZADAS LENGUAS MIN Y DESARROLLO Y DESARROLLO Y DES SOSTENIBLE SOSTENIBLE SOSTENIBL DIVERSITÉ LINGUISTIQUE, DIVERSITÉ LANGUES MINORITAIRES LANGUES MI ET DÉVELOPPEMENT ET DÉVELOPPEM DURABLE DURABLE DURABLE DURAB ITZIAR IDIAZABAL & MANEL PÉREZ-CAUREL (EDS.) Organización de las Naciones Unidas Munduko Hizkuntza Ondarearen para la Educación, UNESCO Katedra la Ciencia y la Cultura Cátedra UNESCO Hezkuntza, de Patrimonio Lingüístico Mundial Zientzia eta Kulturarako UNESCO Chair Nazio Batuen Erakundea on World Language Heritage LINGUISTIC DIVERSITY, MINORITY LANGUAGES AND SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT DIVERSIDAD LINGÜÍSTICA, LENGUAS MINORIZADAS Y DESARROLLO SOSTENIBLE DIVERSITÉ LINGUISTIQUE, LANGUES MENACÉES ET DÉVELOPPEMENT DURABLE Edted by Editado por Itziar Idiazabal Manel Pérez- Caurel Con la colaboración de Nora Etxaniz With the colaboration of Nora Etxaniz UNESCO Chair on Wordl Language Heritage of the University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU Cátedra UNESCO de Patrimonio Lingüístico Mundial de la Universidad del País Vasco (UPV/EHU) CIP. Biblioteca Universitaria Linguistic diversity, minority languages and sustainable development = Diversidad lingüística, lenguas minorizadas y desarrollo sostenible = Diversité linguistique, langues menacées et développement durable / Itziar Idiazabal & Manel Pérez-Caurel (eds.) ; [con la colaboración de = with the colaboration of, Nora Etxaniz]. – Datos. – Bilbao : Universidad del País Vasco / Euskal Herriko Unibertsitatea, Argitalpen Zerbitzua = Servicio Editorial, [2019]. – 1 recurso en línea : PDF (262 p.) Textos en inglés, español y francés Modo de acceso: World Wide Web ISBN: 978-84-1319-070-9. 1. Minorías lingüísticas. 2. Multilingüismo. 3. Lenguaje y lenguas - Renovación. 4. Desarrollo sostenible. I. Idiazabal, Itziar, editor. II. Pérez-Caurel, Manel, editor. -
1 African Language Classification Beyond Greenberg
1 "Areal linguistics in Africa before a new approach to its genealogical language classification" Lecture 1, LLACAN, Paris, 9/3/2019 2 + his earliest classification was received positively - Westermann (1952: 256): 1 African language classification beyond Greenberg Greenberg is the first linguist who has attempted to give a classification of the whole range of Tom Güldemann African languages. He has not contented himself with a general survey, as all his predecessors, Humboldt University Berlin and Max Planck Institute for the Science of Human History Jena including myself, have done, but has gone into considerable detail; in each single case he gives his proofs in word-lists, in tabulated formative elements, and also on sketch maps; he does not 1.1 Before and after Greenberg (1963) quote all his sources, which would have been practically impossible; nor is it essential, since they are known to the expert. He confirms many findings of those who have worked before 1.1.1 African language classification before Greenberg him, he corrects a number of errors; although many of these had been refuted by others, it had seldom been done with such clarity and definiteness as here. It is quite possible that some of + relying heavily on non-linguistic criteria, couched in colonial European attitudes to Africa his statements and classifications may prove to be not sufficiently clarified, or that he has (notably "Hamitic theory") overlooked a language which cannot be shown to be related to any other in Africa; he will be + highly synthetic: 3-5 genealogically intended super-groups criticized, and some of his classifications may be rejected; but all this does not detract from the value of his study, for which all of us have to thank him. -
Nigeria As a Linguistic Terra Incognita: the Two Languages of Lau Dmitry Idiatov, Mark Van De Velde
Nigeria as a linguistic terra incognita: The two languages of Lau Dmitry Idiatov, Mark van de Velde To cite this version: Dmitry Idiatov, Mark van de Velde. Nigeria as a linguistic terra incognita: The two languages of Lau. Andrey A. Kibrik; Kseniya P. Semenova; Dmitry V. Sichinava; Sergey G. Tatevosov; Anna Yu. Urmanchieva. : [VAProsy jazykoznanija: A megacollection of nanopapers], Buki Vedi, pp.322-328, 2020. halshs-03044510 HAL Id: halshs-03044510 https://halshs.archives-ouvertes.fr/halshs-03044510 Submitted on 14 Dec 2020 HAL is a multi-disciplinary open access L’archive ouverte pluridisciplinaire HAL, est archive for the deposit and dissemination of sci- destinée au dépôt et à la diffusion de documents entific research documents, whether they are pub- scientifiques de niveau recherche, publiés ou non, lished or not. The documents may come from émanant des établissements d’enseignement et de teaching and research institutions in France or recherche français ou étrangers, des laboratoires abroad, or from public or private research centers. publics ou privés. Nigeria as a linguistic terra incognita: The two languages of Lau* Dmitry Idiatov, Mark L. O. Van de Velde LLACAN (CNRS — INALCO) [email protected]; [email protected] 1. Introduction Linguistically, Nigeria is both the third richest and second least studied country in the world. In addition to the four major languages spoken by mil- lions of speakers — Yoruba, Hausa, Igbo and Nigerian Pidgin — hundreds of other languages of varying sizes are spoken there. The Ethnologue (https://www.ethnologue.com/country/NG) lists 517 languages. In reality, no one knows the exact number. -
Central Africa, 2021 Region of Africa
Quickworld Entity Report Central Africa, 2021 Region of Africa Quickworld Factoid Name : Central Africa Status : Region of Africa Land Area : 7,215,000 sq km - 2,786,000 sq mi Political Entities Sovereign Countries (19) Angola Burundi Cameroon Central African Republic Chad Congo (DR) Congo (Republic) Equatorial Guinea Gabon Libya Malawi Niger Nigeria Rwanda South Sudan Sudan Tanzania Uganda Zambia International Organizations Worldwide Organizations (3) Commonwealth of Nations La Francophonie United Nations Organization Continental Organizations (1) African Union Conflicts and Disputes Internal Conflicts and Secessions (1) Lybian Civil War Territorial Disputes (1) Sudan-South Sudan Border Disputes Languages Language Families (9) Bihari languages Central Sudanic languages Chadic languages English-based creoles and pidgins French-based creoles and pidgins Manobo languages Portuguese-based creoles and pidgins Prakrit languages Songhai languages © 2019 Quickworld Inc. Page 1 of 7 Quickworld Inc assumes no responsibility or liability for any errors or omissions in the content of this document. The information contained in this document is provided on an "as is" basis with no guarantees of completeness, accuracy, usefulness or timeliness. Quickworld Entity Report Central Africa, 2021 Region of Africa Languages (485) Abar Acoli Adhola Aghem Ajumbu Aka Aka Akoose Akum Akwa Alur Amba language Ambele Amdang Áncá Assangori Atong language Awing Baali Babango Babanki Bada Bafaw-Balong Bafia Bakaka Bakoko Bakole Bala Balo Baloi Bambili-Bambui Bamukumbit -
Major Families of the Worlds Languages As Linguistic Areas
MAJOR FAMILIES OF THE WORLDS LANGUAGES AS LINGUISTIC AREAS LECTURE NOTE PREPARED BY MR. IFEDIORA OKICHE [email protected] Department of Languages and Linguistics Arthur Jarvis University Akpabuyo, Cross River State, Nigeria PRESENTATION PREPARED BY JACOB ONYEBUCHI [email protected] 2017/2018 Batch B Stream 2 Corps Member Arthur Jarvis University Akpabuyo, Cross River State, Nigeria NIGER – CONGO AS A LINGUISTIC AREA • Adamawa – Ubangi * • Efik * • Yoruba * 2 ADAMAWA – UBANGI The language grouped together as Adamawa – Ubangi belongs to the Volta-Congo branch of the Niger-Congo family. These languages are speakers across central Africa in an area that stretches from north-eastern Nigeria through northern Cameroon, southern Chad, the Central African Republic, and northern Zaire. The languages fall into two groups – Adamawa and Ubangi. The Adamawa languages are found in northern Nigeria, Cameroon and Chad, whereas the Ubangi languages are spoken in Central African Republic, northern Zaire and southwestern Sudan. 3 EFIK Efik is one of the better known African languages and was at one time one of the best described African languages. It is spoken today by about 750,000 people as a first language in the south south corner of Nigeria, in and around the city of Calabar, its cultural center. Due to its location near the Atlantic coast, Calabar and the Efik were encountered early by European explorers, traders and missionaries. Efik is now recognized as part of lower Cross, a subgroup of Cross River which is a branch of the Niger-Congo linguistic Area. 4 YORUBA Yoruba is spoken as a first language in Nigeria in virtually all areas in the states of Ekiti, Lagos, Ogun, Ondo, Osun and Oyo and in most of the areas in Kwara and Kogi State. -
LCSH Section Z
Z (Computer program language) Zaan River Valley (Netherlands) Zabiello family (Not Subd Geog) [QA76.73.Z2] UF Zaan Valley (Netherlands) Here are entered works on families with the BT Programming languages (Electronic BT Valleys—Netherlands surnames Zabiello and Zabiełło. computers) Zaan Valley (Netherlands) When this heading is assigned to works on an individual family, the appropriate diacritical marks, if Z-49 (Video display terminal) USE Zaan River Valley (Netherlands) any, are included in the heading in the catalog record. USE Zenith Z-49 (Video display terminal) Zaar (African people) (May Subd Geog) UF Zabello family Z-80 (Microprocessor) [DT515.45.Z33] Zabirmawa (African people) USE Zilog Z-80 (Microprocessor) UF Gus (African people) USE Zarma (African people) Z-100 (Computer) Guus (African people) Zabirmawa language USE Zenith Z-100 (Computer) Saya (African people) USE Zarma language Z bosons Sayanci (African people) Zablan family (Not Subd Geog) [QC793.5.B62-QC793.5.B629] Sayara (African people) UF Sablan family UF Z particles Sayawa (African people) Zable family Z physics Seiyara (African people) USE Zabel family BT Bosons Seiyawa (African people) Zabludowski family (Not Subd Geog) Z Canyon (Wash.) Seya (African people) Zabon BT Canyons—Washington (State) Seyawa (African people) USE Pummelo Z-crank engines Sigdi (African people) Zaborski Park Krajobrazowy (Poland) USE Barrel engines Sigidi (African people) BT Parks—Poland Z-DNA Vigzar (African people) Zabrops (May Subd Geog) [QP624.5.Z33] Vikzar (African people) [QL537.A85] UF -
The Creolization of Pidgin Morphophonology.Pdf
May 3,1993. Copy of work-in-progress for colleagues' private examination and comment. Version in LARGE PRINT for reading at the conference. THE CREOLIZATION OF PIDGIN MORPHOPHONOLOGY William J. Samarin Department of Anthropology, University of Toronto Meeting of the Society for Pidgin and Creole Linguistics University of Amsterdam, The Netherlands, 10-11 June 1993 Abstract In support of the growing conviction that creolization, as a linguistic process, probablay begins before a 'creole' with native speakers emerges, this paper examines one of the alleged characteristics of creolization: morphophonological condensation: e.g., tônqànà > twà 'when' (Sango). Two pidgins of similar ages, one with a European lexifier language, the other with an African lexifier language, are compared: Tok Pisin and Sango. After examining seven explanations for condensation (intention, nativization, fluency, tempo, naturalness, style, child-language errors) and finding them wanting, we consider the agents of change (children and adults), evidence for condensation in the pidgin stage, the linguistic 'stuff that is changed, the etiology (the linguistic processes) of condensation in Sango, and the linguistic consequences of condensation. The latter in Sango is, among other things, the beginning of what may become subjectival prefixation and possessive suffixation. (Keywords: Creolization, Condensation, Tok Pisin, Sango, Language change, Historical linguistics, Phonology) Introduction It would help to advance the study of pidgins and Creoles if there were established a list of assertions, claims, generalizations, and the like, about these kinds of languages. With this list we could judge for ourselves how many of them were credible. We might all accept some, but some of us would judge others as being moderately or outrageously ill-founded and premature. -
The Jen Language Cluster: a Comparative Analysis Of
Language in Africa 1(3), 2020, 17–99. doi: 10.37892/2686-8946-2020-1-3-17-99 THE JEN LANGUAGE CLUSTER: A COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF WORDLISTS Russell Norton Theological College of Northern Nigeria and SIL International [email protected] Nlabephee Othaniel Theological College of Northern Nigeria and Initiative for the Translation and Development of African Languages (ITDAL) [email protected] Abstract: A lexicostatistical analysis divides the Jen language cluster into two primary branches Burak-Loo-Maghdi-Mak and Kyak-Moo-Leelau-Tha-Doso-Dza. This is also supported by extensive isoglosses, replacing the older Bikwin-Jen division at least for purposes of genetic classification. For vowels, a 9-vowel system is recon- structed, but its 3-way height contrasts appear unstable in some languages, either in the central vowels or in the front and back vowels. Front and back vowels also vary widely with diphthongs. Prosodic features of nasalisation, tone, and breathiness are reconstructed, with nasalisation developing in more roots in the second primary branch. For consonants, the large inventory includes particularly unstable coronals, and development of voiceless approximants in Doso-Dza. The comparative evidence is conflicting as to whether labialised and palatalised struc tures are secondary modifications or onset sequences, suggesting the need for a variationist approach. Overall, riverine Jen varieties Tha, Doso, Dza show unusually extensive sound change, in contrast to the more phonologically stable Bikwin varieties. Applications to orthography development include the need to represent implosives and /r/ in languages other than Dza, where they have been lost, and the need to represent vowel nasalisation and /h/ in languages of the second branch only. -
LCSH Section K
K., Rupert (Fictitious character) K-TEA (Achievement test) Kʻa-la-kʻun-lun kung lu (China and Pakistan) USE Rupert (Fictitious character : Laporte) USE Kaufman Test of Educational Achievement USE Karakoram Highway (China and Pakistan) K-4 PRR 1361 (Steam locomotive) K-theory Ka Lae o Kilauea (Hawaii) USE 1361 K4 (Steam locomotive) [QA612.33] USE Kilauea Point (Hawaii) K-9 (Fictitious character) (Not Subd Geog) BT Algebraic topology Ka Lang (Vietnamese people) UF K-Nine (Fictitious character) Homology theory USE Giẻ Triêng (Vietnamese people) K9 (Fictitious character) NT Whitehead groups Ka nanʻʺ (Burmese people) (May Subd Geog) K 37 (Military aircraft) K. Tzetnik Award in Holocaust Literature [DS528.2.K2] USE Junkers K 37 (Military aircraft) UF Ka-Tzetnik Award UF Ka tūʺ (Burmese people) K 98 k (Rifle) Peras Ḳ. Tseṭniḳ BT Ethnology—Burma USE Mauser K98k rifle Peras Ḳatseṭniḳ ʾKa nao dialect (May Subd Geog) K.A.L. Flight 007 Incident, 1983 BT Literary prizes—Israel BT China—Languages USE Korean Air Lines Incident, 1983 K2 (Pakistan : Mountain) Hmong language K.A. Lind Honorary Award UF Dapsang (Pakistan) Ka nō (Burmese people) USE Moderna museets vänners skulpturpris Godwin Austen, Mount (Pakistan) USE Tha noʹ (Burmese people) K.A. Linds hederspris Gogir Feng (Pakistan) Ka Rang (Southeast Asian people) USE Moderna museets vänners skulpturpris Mount Godwin Austen (Pakistan) USE Sedang (Southeast Asian people) K-ABC (Intelligence test) BT Mountains—Pakistan Kā Roimata o Hine Hukatere (N.Z.) USE Kaufman Assessment Battery for Children Karakoram Range USE Franz Josef Glacier/Kā Roimata o Hine K-B Bridge (Palau) K2 (Drug) Hukatere (N.Z.) USE Koro-Babeldaod Bridge (Palau) USE Synthetic marijuana Ka-taw K-BIT (Intelligence test) K3 (Pakistan and China : Mountain) USE Takraw USE Kaufman Brief Intelligence Test USE Broad Peak (Pakistan and China) Ka Tawng Luang (Southeast Asian people) K. -
Pidgin and Creole Languages: Essays in Memory of John E. Reinecke
Pidgin and Creole Languages JOHN E. REINECKE 1904–1982 Pidgin and Creole Languages Essays in Memory of John E. Reinecke Edited by Glenn G. Gilbert Open Access edition funded by the National Endowment for the Humanities / Andrew W. Mellon Foundation Humanities Open Book Program. Licensed under the terms of Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 In- ternational (CC BY-NC-ND 4.0), which permits readers to freely download and share the work in print or electronic format for non-commercial purposes, so long as credit is given to the author. Derivative works and commercial uses require per- mission from the publisher. For details, see https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/. The Cre- ative Commons license described above does not apply to any material that is separately copyrighted. Open Access ISBNs: 9780824882150 (PDF) 9780824882143 (EPUB) This version created: 17 May, 2019 Please visit www.hawaiiopen.org for more Open Access works from University of Hawai‘i Press. © 1987 University of Hawaii Press All Rights Reserved CONTENTS Preface viii Acknowledgments xii Introduction 1 John E. Reinecke: His Life and Work Charlene J. Sato and Aiko T. Reinecke 3 William Greenfield, A Neglected Pioneer Creolist John E. Reinecke 28 Theoretical Perspectives 39 Some Possible African Creoles: A Pilot Study M. Lionel Bender 41 Pidgin Hawaiian Derek Bickerton and William H. Wilson 65 The Substance of Creole Studies: A Reappraisal Lawrence D. Carrington 83 Verb Fronting in Creole: Transmission or Bioprogram? Chris Corne 102 The Need for a Multidimensional Model Robert B. Le Page 125 Decreolization Paths for Guyanese Singular Pronouns John R. -
LCSH Section Z
Z (Computer program language) Zaan River Valley (Netherlands) Zac Cobb (Fictitious character) [QA76.73.Z2] UF Zaan Valley (Netherlands) USE Cobb, Zachary (Fictitious character) BT Programming languages (Electronic BT Valleys—Netherlands Zaca Lake (Calif.) computers) Zaan Valley (Netherlands) BT Lakes—California Z-49 (Video display terminal) USE Zaan River Valley (Netherlands) Zacaleu Site (Guatemala) USE Zenith Z-49 (Video display terminal) Zaar dialect (May Subd Geog) USE Zaculeu Site (Guatemala) Z-80 (Microprocessor) UF Vigzar dialect Zacary family USE Zilog Z-80 (Microprocessor) Vikzar dialect USE Zachary family Z-100 (Computer) BT Saya language Zacatec Indians USE Zenith Z-100 (Computer) Zaatcha (Algeria) USE Zacateca Indians Z bosons — History Zacateca Indians (May Subd Geog) [QC793.5.B62-QC793.5.B629] — — Siege, 1849 UF Zacatec Indians UF Z particles BT Algeria—History—1830-1962 Zacateco Indians Z physics Sieges—Algeria BT Indians of Mexico BT Bosons Zab al Aʼli (Turkey and Iraq) Zacatecas, Battle of, 1872 Z Canyon (Wash.) USE Great Zab River (Turkey and Iraq) USE Zacatecas, Battle of, Mexico, 1872 BT Canyons—Washington (State) Zab al-Asfal (Iran and Iraq) Zacatecas, Battle of, 1914 Z-crank engines USE Little Zab River (Iran and Iraq) USE Zacatecas, Battle of, Zacatecas, Zacatecas, USE Barrel engines Zab al Kabīr (Turkey and Iraq) Mexico, 1914 Z-DNA USE Great Zab River (Turkey and Iraq) Zacatecas, Battle of, Mexico, 1872 [QP624.5.Z33] Zab as Saghir, Nahr az (Iran and Iraq) UF Cerro de la Bufa, Battle of, Mexico, 1872 UF Left-handed -
" class="text-overflow-clamp2"> Typological Studies in Language, Volume 64"KEYWORDS ""SIZE HEIGHT "240"WIDTH "160"VOFFSET "4">
<DOCINFO AUTHOR ""TITLE "Studies in African Linguistic Typology"SUBJECT "Typological Studies in Language, Volume 64"KEYWORDS ""SIZE HEIGHT "240"WIDTH "160"VOFFSET "4"> Studies in African Linguistic Typology Typological Studies in Language (TSL) A companion series to the journal Studies in Language General Editor Michael Noonan Assistant Editors Spike Gildea, Suzanne Kemmer Editorial Board Wallace Chafe (Santa Barbara) Charles Li (Santa Barbara) Bernard Comrie (Leipzig) Edith Moravcsik (Milwaukee) R.M.W. Dixon (Melbourne) Andrew Pawley (Canberra) Matthew Dryer (Buffalo) Doris Payne (Eugene, OR) John Haiman (St Paul) Frans Plank (Konstanz) Bernd Heine (Köln) Jerrold Sadock (Chicago) Paul Hopper (Pittsburgh) Dan Slobin (Berkeley) Andrej Kibrik (Moscow) Sandra Thompson (Santa Barbara) Ronald Langacker (San Diego) Volumes in this series will be functionally and typologically oriented, covering specific topics in language by collecting together data from a wide variety of languages and language typologies. The orientation of the volumes will be substantive rather than formal, with the aim of investigating universals of human language via as broadly defined a data base as possible, leaning toward cross-linguistic, diachronic, developmental and live-discourse data. Volume 64 Studies in African Linguistic Typology Edited by F. K. Erhard Voeltz Studies in African Linguistic Typology Edited by F. K. Erhard Voeltz University of Cologne John Benjamins Publishing Company Amsterdam/Philadelphia TM The paper used in this publication meets the minimum requirements 8 of American National Standard for Information Sciences – Permanence of Paper for Printed Library Materials, ansi z39.48-1984. Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Studies in African Linguistic Typology / edited by F. K. Erhard Voeltz.