MARLON BRANDO - O “JOVEM REBELDE” E O “PADRINHO”: As Figuras De Um Ator Autor

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MARLON BRANDO - O “JOVEM REBELDE” E O “PADRINHO”: As Figuras De Um Ator Autor EDUARDO BORDINHON DE MORAES MARLON BRANDO - O “JOVEM REBELDE” E O “PADRINHO”: As figuras de um ator autor Campinas 2015 i ii UNIVERSIDADE ESTADUAL DE CAMPINAS INSTITUTO DE ARTES EDUARDO BORDINHON DE MORAES MARLON BRANDO - O “JOVEM REBELDE” E O “PADRINHO”: As figuras de um ator autor Dissertação apresentada ao Programa de Pós- graduação em Artes da Cena da Universidade Estadual de Campinas como requisito parcial para a obtenção do título de Mestre em Artes da Cena, na Área de Concentração: Teatro, Dança e Performance. Orientador: MARCELO RAMOS LAZZARATTO Este exemplar corresponde à versão final de Dissertação defendida pelo aluno Eduardo Bordinhon de Moraes e orientado pelo Prof. Dr. Marcelo Ramos Lazzaratto. Campinas 2015 iii Ficha catalográfica Universidade Estadual de Campinas Biblioteca do Instituto de Artes Eliane do Nascimento Chagas Mateus - CRB 8/1350 Moraes, Eduardo Bordinhon de, 1987- M791m MorMarlon Brando - O "Jovem Rebelde" e o "Padrinho" : As figuras de um ator- autor / Eduardo Bordinhon de Moraes. – Campinas, SP : [s.n.], 2015. MorOrientador: Marcelo Ramos Lazzaratto. MorDissertação (mestrado) – Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Artes. Mor1. Atores e atrizes de cinema. 2. Filme cinematográfico. 3. Brando, Marlon - diretor. I. Lazzaratto, Marcelo Ramos,1967-. II. Universidade Estadual de Campinas. Instituto de Artes. III. Título. Informações para Biblioteca Digital Título em outro idioma: Marlon Brando: The "young rebel" and the "godfather" : The figures of an actor-author Palavras-chave em inglês: Actor and actresses of cinema Motion picture Brando, Marlon - director Área de concentração: Teatro, Dança e Performance Titulação: Mestre em Artes da Cena Banca examinadora: Marcelo Ramos Lazzzaratto [Orientador] Verônica Fabrini Machado de Almeida Pedro Maciel Guimarães Júnior Data de defesa: 19-01-2015 Programa de Pós-Graduação: Artes da Cena iv Powered by TCPDF (www.tcpdf.org) v vi RESUMO Essa dissertação teve como objetivo estudar os procedimentos técnicos que envolvem o trabalho a interpretação para cinema. Para isso, tivemos como objeto de pesquisa a filmografia do ator Marlon Brando (1924 – 2004), com enfoque nos filmes “Uma Rua Chamada Pecado” (Elia Kazan, 1951), “Sindicato de Ladrões” (Elia Kazan, 1954), “A Face Oculta” (Marlon Brando, 1961), “O Grande Motim” (Lewis Milestone, 1962), “O Poderoso Chefão” (Francis Ford Coppola, 1972) e “Apocalipse Now” (Francis Ford Coppola, 1979). Verificamos, ao longo desses filmes, os procedimentos de construção de cena e personagens apoiados nos escritos de Stella Adler (2002) e Constantin Stanislavski (2001) sobre o trabalho do ator, com enfoque nas ações físicas no uso da imaginação e observação. Além disso, analisamos os temas e personagens recorrentes na filmografia de Brando identificando uma padronização de seu aparecimento na tela. Tal padrão está intimamente ligado à própria personalidade do ator e chega em duas figuras essenciais: o “jovem rebelde”, presente nos filmes dos anos 1950 e caracterizado por sua postura contra o sistema vigente e o “padrinho”, consolidado nas obras da década de 1970, marcado por sua relação de mentor de um personagem ou grupo de personagens. Para investigarmos essa padronização, utilizamos o conceito de ator-autor proposto por Patrick McGuiligan (1975) e desenvolvido por Luc Moullet (1993) e Pedro Maciel Guimarães (2012), com o qual se analisa a filmografia de um ator em busca de aspectos formais e temáticos que o possam nomeá-lo como co-autor de um filme. vii viii ABSTRACT This dissertation aim was studying the technical procedures of acting in cinema. In order to do this, we took as research material the filmography of the actor Marlon Brando (1924 – 2004), focusing in the films “A Streetcar Named Desire” (Elia Kazan, 1951), “On The Waterfront” (Elia Kazan, 1954), “One-Eyed Jacks” (Marlon Brando, 1961), “Moutiny on the Bouty” (Lewis Milestone, 1962), “The Godfather” (Francis Ford Coppola, 1972) and “Apocalipse Now” (Francis Ford Coppola, 1979). Through those movies, we verified the procedures of creating a scene and a character supported by the writings of Stella Adler (2002) and Constantin Stanislavski (2001) on acting, focusing on physical actions, imagination and observation. Furthermore, we analysed the recurrent themes and characters on Brando’s filmography investigating a pattern in his appearance on screen which is linked with the personality of the actor himself. Thus, we find two essential figures, the “young rebel”, in the movies of the 1950s and characterized by his position against the hegemonic system, and the “godfather”, consolidated in the 1970s, characterized by his relation as a mentor of a character or a group of characters. To investigate this standardization, we used the concept of the actor-author, proposed by Patrick McGuiligan (1975) and further developed by Luc Moullet (1993) and Pedro Maciel Guimarães (2012), in which one analyses an actor’s filmography searching thematic and formal aspects that can categorize the actor as a co-author of a film. ix x SUMÁRIO INTRODUÇÃO............................................................................................................ 1 1 O ATOR NO CINEMA.. ........................................................................................ 9 1.1 Chega de homens imbatíveis: Marlon Brando, a fragiidade do líder marginal............................................................................................................... 16 2 A CENA CRIADA PELA FUSÃO DE UM ROTEIRO COM UMA PERSONALIDADE..............................................................................................25 2.1 A construção de um personagem........................................................................ 28 2.2 Stanley Kowalski – A imagem eternizada de Brando...........................................34 2.3 Personagens femininos e suas atrizes................................................................ 37 2.4 “Sindicato de Ladrões” (1954) – A projeção do diretor em seu ator....................43 2.5 Terry Malloy – Aspectos do Jovem rebelde........................................................ 47 2.6 A voz e a fala – Brando orador.............................................................................54 3 O AMADURECIMENTODENTRO E FORA DA TELA.........................................63 3.1 Anos 60 – Deixar a jaqueta para trás...................................................................66 3.2 Fletcher Christian – Assumir suas posições. De um personagem solar à morte na penumbra.................................................................................................................. 70 3.3 “A Face Oculta” (1961) – O ator autor e o ator diretor.........................................80 3.4 Rio – Um personagem autobiográfico................................................................. 88 4 O PADRINHO...................................................................................................... 95 4.1 Don Vito Corleone - Brando como pai de todos................................................102 Coronel Kurtz – Brando imaterial.............................................................................122 CONCLUSÃO: EU VOU ESTAR “MARLONBRANDO”........................................ 137 FILMOGRAFIA........................................................................................................ 143 BIBLIOGRAFIA....................................................................................................... 145 ANEXO.................................................................................................................... 151 xi xii Para Ana, Mariana e Aloisio; os de sangue. Lu, Chico e Ivan; os de coração. xiii xiv AGRADECIMENTOS Agradeço a todos que, de alguma forma, me auxiliaram no caminho para esse mestrado e durante ele também. Suas contribuições, grandes ou pequenas, creditadas ou não, foram de extrema importância. O mundo a minha volta me atravessa de maneira tão plural e intensa que eu, esponja, tenho um pedaço de cada uma dessas influências aqui. A Marcelo Lazzaratto, pela orientação. À Verônica Fabrini e Pedro Maciel Guimarães pela conversa generosa na qualificação. Às professoras e professores do Programa de Pós-graduação em Artes da Cena que me possibilitaram intensas trocas e aos alunos também, amigos, pelos papos sobre cinema. Às funcionárias e funcionários do Instituto de Artes, em especial as da secretaria, que me ajudaram com burocacias pelas quais eu não passaria sozinho. À CAPES, pelo financiamento no último ano. Agradeço também aos criadores e usuários do Pirate Bay. A existência desse recurso viabilizou muito essa pesquisa e acredito que muitas outras também. À Cia de Teatro Acidental, pela parceria e pela maravilhosa televisão de 51 polegadas sem a qual eu não conseguiria ver tantos filmes. Ao Pedro e ao Tom pelos livros, conversas, dicas, apoio e amizade. Ao Burlan que me proporcionou experiências cinematográficas muito legais nesses anos e ao Luciano, que me manteve inteiro durante o último ano. Ao mestre Macacachorro por sua orientação zen. Aos meus pais, Ana e Aloisio, e à minha irmã Mariana. Ao Chico, irmão e parceiro por tantos anos, ao Ivan pela amizade sem tamanho e à Pâm, pelas trocas intensas últimos dois (oito) anos. À Lu, que tem muitos pedaços lá e cá nesse trabalho e em mim, que o acompanhou em todas as suas etapas e que me apoiou demais durante sua realização e mesmo antes disso. A todos vocês, muito obrigado. xv xvi An idea for a short story about, hum, people in Manhattan
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