Is Wikipedia a Credible Source for Undergraduate Economics Students?
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Wiki-Reliability: a Large Scale Dataset for Content Reliability on Wikipedia
Wiki-Reliability: A Large Scale Dataset for Content Reliability on Wikipedia KayYen Wong∗ Miriam Redi Diego Saez-Trumper Outreachy Wikimedia Foundation Wikimedia Foundation Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia London, United Kingdom Barcelona, Spain [email protected] [email protected] [email protected] ABSTRACT Wikipedia is the largest online encyclopedia, used by algorithms and web users as a central hub of reliable information on the web. The quality and reliability of Wikipedia content is maintained by a community of volunteer editors. Machine learning and information retrieval algorithms could help scale up editors’ manual efforts around Wikipedia content reliability. However, there is a lack of large-scale data to support the development of such research. To fill this gap, in this paper, we propose Wiki-Reliability, the first dataset of English Wikipedia articles annotated with a wide set of content reliability issues. To build this dataset, we rely on Wikipedia “templates”. Tem- plates are tags used by expert Wikipedia editors to indicate con- Figure 1: Example of an English Wikipedia page with several tent issues, such as the presence of “non-neutral point of view” template messages describing reliability issues. or “contradictory articles”, and serve as a strong signal for detect- ing reliability issues in a revision. We select the 10 most popular 1 INTRODUCTION reliability-related templates on Wikipedia, and propose an effective method to label almost 1M samples of Wikipedia article revisions Wikipedia is one the largest and most widely used knowledge as positive or negative with respect to each template. Each posi- repositories in the world. People use Wikipedia for studying, fact tive/negative example in the dataset comes with the full article checking and a wide set of different information needs [11]. -
Trust in Collaborative Web Applications
University of Pennsylvania ScholarlyCommons Departmental Papers (CIS) Department of Computer & Information Science 2012 Trust in Collaborative Web Applications Andrew G. West University of Pennsylvania, [email protected] Jian Chang University of Pennsylvania, [email protected] Krishna Venkatasubramanian University of Pennsylvania, [email protected] Insup Lee University of Pennsylvania, [email protected] Follow this and additional works at: https://repository.upenn.edu/cis_papers Recommended Citation Andrew G. West, Jian Chang, Krishna Venkatasubramanian, and Insup Lee, "Trust in Collaborative Web Applications", Future Generation Computer Systems 28(8), 1238-1251. January 2012. http://dx.doi.org/ 10.1016/j.future.2011.02.007 Based in part on UPENN MS-CIS-10-33 http://repository.upenn.edu/cis_reports/943/ This paper is posted at ScholarlyCommons. https://repository.upenn.edu/cis_papers/733 For more information, please contact [email protected]. Trust in Collaborative Web Applications Abstract Collaborative functionality is increasingly prevalent in web applications. Such functionality permits individuals to add - and sometimes modify - web content, often with minimal barriers to entry. Ideally, large bodies of knowledge can be amassed and shared in this manner. However, such software also provide a medium for nefarious persons to operate. By determining the extent to which participating content/agents can be trusted, one can identify useful contributions. In this work, we define the notion of trust for Collaborative Web Applications and survey the state-of-the-art for calculating, interpreting, and presenting trust values. Though techniques can be applied broadly, Wikipedia's archetypal nature makes it a focal point for discussion. Keywords Collaborative web applications, trust, reputation, Wikipedia Comments Based in part on UPENN MS-CIS-10-33 http://repository.upenn.edu/cis_reports/943/ This journal article is available at ScholarlyCommons: https://repository.upenn.edu/cis_papers/733 Trust in Collaborative Web Applications Andrew G. -
Preview Guide
ContentsNOT FOR SALE Preface xiii CHAPTER 3 The Behavior of Consumers 45 3.1 Tastes 45 CHAPTER 1 Indifference Curves 45 Supply, Demand, Marginal Values 48 and Equilibrium 1 More on Indifference Curves 53 1.1 Demand 1 3.2 The Budget Line and the Demand versus Quantity Consumer’s Choice 53 Demanded 1 The Budget Line 54 Demand Curves 2 The Consumer’s Choice 56 Changes in Demand 3 Market Demand 7 3.3 Applications of Indifference The Shape of the Demand Curve 7 Curves 59 The Wide Scope of Economics 10 Standards of Living 59 The Least Bad Tax 64 1.2 Supply 10 Summary 69 Supply versus Quantity Supplied 10 Author Commentary 69 1.3 Equilibrium 13 Review Questions 70 The Equilibrium Point 13 Numerical Exercises 70 Changes in the Equilibrium Point 15 Problem Set 71 Summary 23 Appendix to Chapter 3 77 Author Commentary 24 Cardinal Utility 77 Review Questions 25 The Consumer’s Optimum 79 Numerical Exercises 25 Problem Set 26 CHAPTER 4 Consumers in the Marketplace 81 CHAPTER 2 4.1 Changes in Income 81 Prices, Costs, and the Gains Changes in Income and Changes in the from Trade 31 Budget Line 81 Changes in Income and Changes in the 2.1 Prices 31 Optimum Point 82 Absolute versus Relative Prices 32 The Engel Curve 84 Some Applications 34 4.2 Changes in Price 85 2.2 Costs, Efficiency, and Gains from Changes in Price and Changes in the Trade 35 Budget Line 85 Costs and Efficiency 35 Changes in Price and Changes in the Optimum Point 86 Specialization and the Gains from Trade 37 The Demand Curve 88 Why People Trade 39 4.3 Income and Substitution Summary 41 -
How Trust in Wikipedia Evolves: a Survey of Students Aged 11 to 25
PUBLISHED QUARTERLY BY THE UNIVERSITY OF BORÅS, SWEDEN VOL. 23 NO. 1, MARCH, 2018 Contents | Author index | Subject index | Search | Home How trust in Wikipedia evolves: a survey of students aged 11 to 25 Josiane Mothe and Gilles Sahut. Introduction. Whether Wikipedia is to be considered a trusted source is frequently questioned in France. This paper reports the results of a survey examining the levels of trust shown by young people aged eleven to twenty- five. Method. We analyse the answers given by 841 young people, aged eleven to twenty-five, to a questionnaire. To our knowledge, this is the largest study ever published on the topic. It focuses on (1) the perception young people have of Wikipedia; (2) the influence teachers and peers have on the young person’s own opinions; and (3) the variation of trends according to the education level. Analysis. All the analysis is based on ANOVA (analysis of variance) to compare the various groups of participants. We detail the results by comparing the various groups of responders and discuss these results in relation to previous studies. Results. Trust in Wikipedia depends on the type of information seeking tasks and on the education level. There are contrasting social judgments of Wikipedia. Students build a representation of a teacher’s expectations on the nature of the sources that they can use and hence the documentary acceptability of Wikipedia. The average trust attributed to Wikipedia for academic tasks could be induced by the tension between the negative academic reputation of the encyclopedia and the mostly positive experience of its credibility. -
The Culture of Wikipedia
Good Faith Collaboration: The Culture of Wikipedia Good Faith Collaboration The Culture of Wikipedia Joseph Michael Reagle Jr. Foreword by Lawrence Lessig The MIT Press, Cambridge, MA. Web edition, Copyright © 2011 by Joseph Michael Reagle Jr. CC-NC-SA 3.0 Purchase at Amazon.com | Barnes and Noble | IndieBound | MIT Press Wikipedia's style of collaborative production has been lauded, lambasted, and satirized. Despite unease over its implications for the character (and quality) of knowledge, Wikipedia has brought us closer than ever to a realization of the centuries-old Author Bio & Research Blog pursuit of a universal encyclopedia. Good Faith Collaboration: The Culture of Wikipedia is a rich ethnographic portrayal of Wikipedia's historical roots, collaborative culture, and much debated legacy. Foreword Preface to the Web Edition Praise for Good Faith Collaboration Preface Extended Table of Contents "Reagle offers a compelling case that Wikipedia's most fascinating and unprecedented aspect isn't the encyclopedia itself — rather, it's the collaborative culture that underpins it: brawling, self-reflexive, funny, serious, and full-tilt committed to the 1. Nazis and Norms project, even if it means setting aside personal differences. Reagle's position as a scholar and a member of the community 2. The Pursuit of the Universal makes him uniquely situated to describe this culture." —Cory Doctorow , Boing Boing Encyclopedia "Reagle provides ample data regarding the everyday practices and cultural norms of the community which collaborates to 3. Good Faith Collaboration produce Wikipedia. His rich research and nuanced appreciation of the complexities of cultural digital media research are 4. The Puzzle of Openness well presented. -
COI Editing and Its Discontents
Wikipedia @ 20 Paid With Interest: COI Editing and its Discontents William Beutler Published on: Jun 10, 2019 Updated on: Jun 19, 2019 License: Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (CC-BY 4.0) Wikipedia @ 20 Paid With Interest: COI Editing and its Discontents Image credit: Jim Pennucci. 1. Everyone involved with Wikipedia has some kind of interest in what it says. In the classic formulation, its volunteer editors are inspired to empower a global audience by compiling information in an accessible format. Practically speaking, though, most participate because the project appeals to their personality, their sense of justice, or there's an ego boost in deciding what the world knows about their pet subject. Its readers care simply because they want to learn something. For the most part, this works very well. Things are rather different when the motivation is financial. Most contributors consider editing Wikipedia to promote a business a morally different endeavor, and its readers, too, may be alarmed to learn some edits are made not to benevolently share knowledge with the world, but because the writer has a material stake in how the topic is represented. And yet the structure of Wikipedia makes this tension inevitable. The site's vast influence owes something to the fact that anyone can influence it, so when those described in its virtual pages decide to do exactly that, the result is one of Wikipedia's most challenging existential dilemmas. Wikipedia's favored terminology for this is "conflict of interest", referred to in shorthand as "COI"— although other terms such as "paid editing" or "paid advocacy" are often encountered. -
Télécharger Le Texte Intégral En Format
ANNUAIRE FRANÇAIS DE RELATIONS INTERNATIONALES 2019 Volume XX PUBLICATION COURONNÉE PAR L’ACADÉMIE DES SCIENCES MORALES ET POLITIQUES (Prix de la Fondation Edouard Bonnefous, 2008) Université Panthéon-Assas Centre Thucydide AFRI_2019_v3_1124p.indd 3 24/04/2019 11:44 WIKIPÉDIA PAR VALÉRIE NICOLAS (*) Wikipédia (1) est un site Internet collaboratif qui se décrit lui-même comme « encyclopédie en libre accès, en lecture comme en écriture » (2). Multilingue, ce site est servi par un logiciel identique le Mediawiki. Il est adossé à une fondation à but non lucratif Wikimedia, qui assure son fonctionnement et gère d’autres projets frères. Le contenu de Wikipédia est disponible sous licence libre (3). Ainsi chacun peut le recopier, le modifier et l’utiliser. Le projet encyclopédique est alimenté par chaque utilisateur par une écriture collaborative, participative et bénévole. Crée en 2001 par deux ressortissants américains (4), Wikipédia (WP) est en 2014 le 5e site le plus fréquenté au monde (5). 500 millions de visiteurs le consultent chaque mois. Il offre aux lecteurs plus de 30 millions d’articles dans plus de 300 versions linguistiques. La version en anglais – matrice du projet –, compte plus de 5 millions de contributions. Les chiffres sont évocateurs du formidable recueil de connaissances que WP constitue. Internet est le moteur et le vecteur du succès du projet Wikipédia. Internet est un réseau de réseaux informatiques international organisé grâce à un protocole unique de communication (TCP/IP). Outil de communication, le World Wide Web (Web), un des services fournis par le réseau (6), a bouleversé les échanges entre les individus. Le réseau permet leur multiplication sans considération de frontières, ni de temps. -
Decisions and Games
DECISIONS AND GAMES. PART I 1. Preference and choice 2. Demand theory 3. Uncertainty 4. Intertemporal decision making 5. Behavioral decision theory DECISIONS AND GAMES. PART II 6. Static Games of complete information 7. Dynamic games of complete information 8. Static games of incomplete information 9. Dynamic games of incomplete information 10. Behavioral game theory References Gibbons, R. 1992. Game theory for applied economists. Princeton University Press. Princeton, New Jersey. Varian, H.1992. Microeconomic analysis. Norton & Company. New York. Chapters 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 19. Camerer, C. , Loewenstein, G. , and Rabin, M. 2004. Advances in Behavioral Economics. Princeton University Press. Mas-Colell, A., Whinston, M., and Green, J. 1995. Microeconomic theory. Oxford University Press. Chapters 1, 2, 3, 4, 6. 1 Two approaches to analyze behavior of decision makers. 1. From an abstract construction generate choices that satisfy rationality restrictions. 2. Directly from choice, ask for some structure to these choices and derive properties. Relation between the two approaches. 2 1. Preference and choice Consider a set of alternatives (mutually exclusives) X and we consider a preference relation on X. Preferences The preference relation “at least as good as” is a binary relation − over the set of alternatives X. Preferences express the ordering between alternatives resulting from the objectives of the decision maker. Properties: Rational Preference Relation (or Weak order, or Complete preorder) if -Completeness, Transitivity (and Reflexivity) A relation is complete if ∀∈x,,yXxy or yx. A relation is transitive if and only if ∀∈x,yz, X, if x≺≺y and y z, then x≺z. 3 Transitiveness is more delicate than completeness. -
Wikipedia Citations: a Comprehensive Data Set of Citations with Identifiers Extracted from English Wikipedia
RESEARCH ARTICLE Wikipedia citations: A comprehensive data set of citations with identifiers extracted from English Wikipedia Harshdeep Singh1 , Robert West1 , and Giovanni Colavizza2 an open access journal 1Data Science Laboratory, EPFL 2Institute for Logic, Language and Computation, University of Amsterdam Keywords: citations, data, data set, Wikipedia Downloaded from http://direct.mit.edu/qss/article-pdf/2/1/1/1906624/qss_a_00105.pdf by guest on 01 October 2021 Citation: Singh, H., West, R., & ABSTRACT Colavizza, G. (2020). Wikipedia citations: A comprehensive data set Wikipedia’s content is based on reliable and published sources. To this date, relatively little of citations with identifiers extracted from English Wikipedia. Quantitative is known about what sources Wikipedia relies on, in part because extracting citations Science Studies, 2(1), 1–19. https:// and identifying cited sources is challenging. To close this gap, we release Wikipedia doi.org/10.1162/qss_a_00105 Citations, a comprehensive data set of citations extracted from Wikipedia. We extracted DOI: 29.3 million citations from 6.1 million English Wikipedia articles as of May 2020, and https://doi.org/10.1162/qss_a_00105 classified as being books, journal articles, or Web content. We were thus able to extract Received: 14 July 2020 4.0 million citations to scholarly publications with known identifiers—including DOI, PMC, Accepted: 23 November 2020 PMID, and ISBN—and further equip an extra 261 thousand citations with DOIs from Crossref. Corresponding Author: As a result, we find that 6.7% of Wikipedia articles cite at least one journal article with Giovanni Colavizza [email protected] an associated DOI, and that Wikipedia cites just 2% of all articles with a DOI currently indexed in the Web of Science. -
DELTA Summit • Dr Abdalla Kablan, Entrepreneur & Fintech Expert
INNOVATION STAGE POWERED BY CONFERENCE AGENDA 4TH OCTOBER INSPIRING STORIES 11:30 Welcome to track: Inspiring stories Josh o’Cock | Moderator 11:35 The future of crypto finance in the start-up ecosystem [Keynote] Calvin Cheng 11:50 Blockchain: The disruption in finance [Keynote] Hermann Hauser 12:05 The future of cryptocurrency payments [Keynote] Sanja Kon 12:20 How growth is changing [Fireside Chat] Josh o’Cock | Moderator • David Darmanin 12:35 An entrepreneur’s journey [Keynote] Rahul Sood 12:50 The future of community [Fireside Chat] Tugce Ergul | Moderator • Liz Hagelthorn 13:05 The anthropology of blockchains: Centralization, decentralization, trust and memory [Keynote] Natalie Smolenski FUTURE OF CONNECTIVITY 14:30 Welcome to track: Future of connectivity Luke Todd 14:35 The future of disruption in an AI world [Keynote] Angelo Dalli 14:50 Connectivity 2025 [Panel] Sarah Austin | Moderator • Sonia Hernandez • Harald Rösch • Nikhil Patil 15:20 The digital airline passenger experience [Keynote] Louis Giordimaina 15:35 Preparing for the next wave - IOT, sharing economy, jobs and skill [Keynote] Tanya Sammut Bonnici 15:50 Exploring successful business models with open data [Keynote] Ryan Goodman 16:05 Cloud computing powered blockchain [Keynote] Konstantinos Pantos 16:20 Why your next financial advisor will be a robot [Keynote] Andrew Cachia SPOTLIGHT 16:40 An interview with Edward de Bono [Fireside Chat] Julian Azzopardi | Moderator • Edward de Bono INNOVATION STAGE POWERED BY CONFERENCE AGENDA 5TH OCTOBER SPOTLIGHT 10:00 Smart cities -
Jimmy Wales and Larry Sanger, It Is the Largest, Fastest-Growing and Most Popular General Reference Work Currently Available on the Internet
Tomasz „Polimerek” Ganicz Wikimedia Polska WikipediaWikipedia andand otherother WikimediaWikimedia projectsprojects WhatWhat isis Wikipedia?Wikipedia? „Imagine„Imagine aa worldworld inin whichwhich everyevery singlesingle humanhuman beingbeing cancan freelyfreely shareshare inin thethe sumsum ofof allall knowledge.knowledge. That'sThat's ourour commitment.”commitment.” JimmyJimmy „Jimbo”„Jimbo” Wales Wales –– founder founder ofof WikipediaWikipedia As defined by itself: Wikipedia is a free multilingual, open content encyclopedia project operated by the non-profit Wikimedia Foundation. Its name is a blend of the words wiki (a technology for creating collaborative websites) and encyclopedia. Launched in January 2001 by Jimmy Wales and Larry Sanger, it is the largest, fastest-growing and most popular general reference work currently available on the Internet. OpenOpen and and free free content content RichardRichard StallmanStallman definition definition of of free free software: software: „The„The wordword "free""free" inin ourour namename doesdoes notnot referrefer toto price;price; itit refersrefers toto freedom.freedom. First,First, thethe freedomfreedom toto copycopy aa programprogram andand redistributeredistribute itit toto youryour neighbors,neighbors, soso thatthat theythey cancan useuse itit asas wellwell asas you.you. Second,Second, thethe freedomfreedom toto changechange aa program,program, soso ththatat youyou cancan controlcontrol itit insteadinstead ofof itit controllingcontrolling you;you; forfor this,this, thethe sourcesource -
Wikipedia Editing History in Dbpedia Fabien Gandon, Raphael Boyer, Olivier Corby, Alexandre Monnin
Wikipedia editing history in DBpedia Fabien Gandon, Raphael Boyer, Olivier Corby, Alexandre Monnin To cite this version: Fabien Gandon, Raphael Boyer, Olivier Corby, Alexandre Monnin. Wikipedia editing history in DB- pedia : extracting and publishing the encyclopedia editing activity as linked data. IEEE/WIC/ACM International Joint Conference on Web Intelligence (WI’ 16), Oct 2016, Omaha, United States. hal- 01359575 HAL Id: hal-01359575 https://hal.inria.fr/hal-01359575 Submitted on 2 Sep 2016 HAL is a multi-disciplinary open access L’archive ouverte pluridisciplinaire HAL, est archive for the deposit and dissemination of sci- destinée au dépôt et à la diffusion de documents entific research documents, whether they are pub- scientifiques de niveau recherche, publiés ou non, lished or not. The documents may come from émanant des établissements d’enseignement et de teaching and research institutions in France or recherche français ou étrangers, des laboratoires abroad, or from public or private research centers. publics ou privés. Wikipedia editing history in DBpedia extracting and publishing the encyclopedia editing activity as linked data Fabien Gandon, Raphael Boyer, Olivier Corby, Alexandre Monnin Université Côte d’Azur, Inria, CNRS, I3S, France Wimmics, Sophia Antipolis, France [email protected] Abstract— DBpedia is a huge dataset essentially extracted example, the French editing history dump represents 2TB of from the content and structure of Wikipedia. We present a new uncompressed data. This data extraction is performed by extraction producing a linked data representation of the editing stream in Node.js with a MongoDB instance. It takes 4 days to history of Wikipedia pages. This supports custom querying and extract 55 GB of RDF in turtle on 8 Intel(R) Xeon(R) CPU E5- combining with other data providing new indicators and insights.