TEAM TACTICS International Floorball Federation Table of Contents

Introduction...... 5 Tactical learning process...... 6 What to emphasise in team tactics?...... 7 Play book...... 7 Terms and figures used...... 8 Offensive play...... 9 Openings (Offensive play in the defensive zone – lifting up the game)...... 9 Level 1 ...... 9 Level 2...... 10 Level 3...... 13 Attacking (Offensive play in the offensive zone)...... 19 Level 1...... 19 Level 2...... 21 Level 3...... 23 Transition (Counter attacks)...... 25 Level 1...... 25 Level 2...... 27 Level 3...... 30 Defensive play...... 32 Fore Checking (Defensive play in the offensive zone) ...... 32 Level 1...... 32 Level 2...... 34 Level 3...... 37 Defensive play on the defensive zone...... 43 Level 1...... 43 Level 2...... 43 Level 3...... 44 Transition from offence to defence...... 47 Level 1...... 47 Level 2...... 48 Level 3...... 49 Conclusion...... 51

► TEAM TACTICS International Floorball Federation Acknowledgements

The material for this manual is collected from the education material of the International Floorball Federation and its member associations. This manual is written in co-operation with some of the experts of Floorball in the world. I would like to thank Mika Ahonen, Jari Oksanen, Juha Jäntti and John Liljelund from Finland, and Grant Mead and Jürg Khim from the Australian women’s national team for the consulting. I would also like to thank Merita Bruun for sharing opi- nions and encouragement.

In Helsinki, the 20th of September, 2007 Anniina Paavilainen, the author

◄ TEAM TACTICS International Floorball Federation Introduction

Team tactics is the team’s tactical play system that the team uses in order to gain structure and discipline in its play, as well as provide safe ways to act in given situations for the players.

Team tactics is the team’s tactical play system that the team no chance to beat, with no time to organize the defen- uses in order to gain order and discipline in its play, as well ce. Counterattacks can only be beaten with quick return as provide safe ways to act in given situations for the players. from offence to defence which also should be practiced. When five players are on the court at the same time, they should In the defensive play the most used fore checking fi- know what to do in different situations, and with given tactics, gures are 1-2-2 with a directing top player and man it is easier to make them aware of team mate’s next actions. cover in the defensive zone, and the classical 2-1-2. Team tactics are also important for the coach to bring out the best in each player. By determining positions according Progression and the levels to each player’s capacities, whether it’s physical or mental, is the best way of utilizing the recourses. The aim of this material is not to give the optimal solution to the question which team tactic is the best. The objective Trends in Floorball is neither to give an answer which system a team should use but more or less help the coach to come up with the opti- In floorball, the determined play positions are more or mal system for the team and explaining the factors affecting less passed in the history. Positions are changed and rota- that decision. The coach should be aware of all the tactical ted all the time during the game, a defender can lift up the matters and should be able to give objectives to create mo- play and end up scoring in the opponents slot which forces tivation even when the players question the chosen tactic. one forward to stay and back the defender up. Therefore Different offensive and defensive system are handled at a ba- young players should be taught to play all different positions. sic level. Also exercises to practice these systems are included. Every player should also at least once try as a goalkeeper. The main emphasis on these exercises is on the individual skills Some other characteristics in floorball today can needed in the specific system and on developing those skills be seen in the team play system of the top leagues. and the ability to make decisions in specific team tactical si- A winning team bases its tactics on offensive play. tuations. The drills are planned to be as game like as possible. There are practically two different ways to attack; or- The exercises are divided in three levels according to the level ganised attacks and transition (counter attacks). of the players. On the first level, the individual technical skills Some teams rely on holding the possession of the ball needed in the system are practiced. These drills are much like by slow and strictly organised attacks but the trend in the the drills on the first part; Individual technique and tactics. The top leagues is to base the offensive play on straight forward second level provides exercises with individual tactical skills attacks with short distances and one time passes using all when more than one decision is to be made. The third level five players in a unified front. When the defensive team consist of game situations exercises with five players each side. is standing still in the fore checking figure, they are easily The line between the levels is thin and the exerci- outplayed by speed and quick ball moving. This demands ses might overlap, but the objective is to divide the prog- a lot from the players, such as technical capacity to execu- ression according to the level of difficulty and develop- te accurate one time passes and ability to read the game. ment. The team should naturally practice the things Another offensive tactic is transition. Transition from needed in the tactic, but it is up to the coach whether to defence to offence demands a lot of skill and reacti- strengthen weaknesses or make strengths even stronger. on speed, but can be a weapon that the opponent has ► TEAM TACTICS International Floorball Federation Tactical learning process

Teaching tactical knowledge can be divided in three parts: Individual, in small units and team tactics. To gain the maximal results in each player, these parts should be introduced in this order.

1. Individual Players will adopt individual tactics at a young age without acknowledging it. They will automati- cally learn with lots of repetitions, how to behave in certain situation. They will learn to make the best decision from all given options if they are just provided with the right learning environment. Floorball, just like any other sport, is not just about individual technical skills and team tactics. The individual ability to react fast with right decision in a given situation is extremely important and should be at least in the background of each practice from the beginning of a young player’s career. Therefore Team tactic is based on game understanding, discipline, the individual tactics should be priority number trust and the coaches and players’ ability to read the game. one in the beginning. If team tactics is emphasised All these skills can, and should be trained constantly during too much at an early stage, it might destroy a young practice. Of course the players’ ability to comprehend and player’s creativity and technique. Tactical terms, such adopt tactical skills has a strong influence on the learning pro- as fore checking, angling, man cover, space cover, cess as well. Coaches should always take into consideration however should be used in order to make the terms the level of the players’ mental and physical capacity and keep familiar to the players. Also the rules and the nature in mind that the learning process is different among players. of the game should be internalized at an early stage

With children, the coach should be more considerate towards 2. In small units the individual skill development and proceed in a certain order, With slightly older players (13-15 years) or older when it comes to both individual and team tactics. This order players just starting to play floorball, the tactics can of the progression can also be used during each�� practice session. be introduced in smaller units, such as three against three games. At the same time the technical abilities are learned. Also the tactical terms should be clear for the players before moving on to the next level.

3. Team tactics With adolescence and adult players (16 years and up) team tactics should be emphasised during each practice. Technical and individual tactical skills should be at such level that they are not to be enforced anymore.

◄ TEAM TACTICS International Floorball Federation What to emphasise in Play book team tactics? The coach can and should make a use of a play book. The play book should be used as a tool to give written instructions and ideas to the players and to give motivation and objective for the players to practice according to the chosen system. It should include topics such as: Slogans, tactics in offensive and defensive system, certain individual responsibilities in each play position, team rules and perhaps the practice schedule. Before planning a play book, certain topics should be considered, such as the material and the level of the players, the type of players, the size of the home rink etc. The play book should be alive during the season according to different variables. The opponents play system and the changes in the line-ups can make a difference during the season so the coach should always leave some room for the plans to change.

When choosing the team play system, the coach should carefully think what are the players’ strengths and weaknesses. It would not be wise to base the team tactics on quick passing if the player’s technical skills are inadequate, or if the physical capacity of the player’s is below average, to use man to man defence against more physically superior team. The material is the most important thing to consider when choosing the tactics. The tactic should therefore be created for the players not vice versa. However if the aim is to constantly develop players and the tactical knowledge; all skills, even those not fully mastered should be trained during practice. This will create a basis for the players to adopt other technical and tactical skills in the future. The external factors also have an effect when choosing the tactics. For example the size of the home rink might determine whether the team uses straightforward attacks (narrow rink) or organized attacks (wide rink). When building up the team tactics, the players’ skills should be strictly evaluated. The offensive tactics should be considered so that the material used would be taken advantaged of. To win games demands scoring, and scoring is the result of controlling the game as an offensive party. There- fore in a winning team, offensive play is always prioritised. In the defensive play it is best to teach one system at a time or at least choose one system as a basic system for the team. Team tactics should also be there to make an individual player feel safe especially if the same tactic is used throughout the season. In this case it should be clear to the players in which position they are in, and if practiced thoroughly, also the options in each situation should be provided and trained. In the continuation, when the players are skilled enough to adopt many different play systems, the team is able to change the tactic between games and periods or even inside one period�. ► TEAM TACTICS International Floorball Federation Terms and figures used

Offensive player with Moving without ball a.ball

Offensive player Passing Without a.ball

Opponent without Moving with ball a.ball

Cone Shooting

◄ TEAM TACTICS International Floorball Federation Offensive play

Some might say that the defensive team play system is the Drill 1 only thing that determines a team’s tactic. But as already Objective: Modifications: mentioned in the previous paragraph, winning team ba- • To practice passing and • One player can be ses its team play on offence. Things like the length of at- receiving standing still added in the middle to tacks, openings and ball movement can be practiced so that and while moving make the passing more difficult they become common and known for the players. The ba- Organisation: • Players divided in • If the player in the sic factors in offensive play are the openings, finishing at- groups of six persons middle cuts the pass, tacks and counterattacks (quick transition from defence to forming a “diamond” the one who passed offence). Different variations should be practiced, so that • One ball each group will go to the middle also unpredictable situations are considered. If the players Execution: Key points: are provided with options to change the system, for examp- • Players start passing • Passing one timers • The players should be le in openings, the opponent is more easily outplayed. the ball around first just standing still (one in constant movement timers) • Head up Openings (Offensive play in the defensi- • After a while they will • Passing to the fore ve zone – lifting up the game) start moving by follo- hand side wing one’s own pass Level 1

The individual technique of each player is one of the most important factors in all offensive play including openings. The basic individual technical skills required in the openings, using both defender-defender and libero play are passing and receiving, standing still and in movement. These skills are usually practiced during warm-up drills but can and should also be emphasised when practicing tactical topics. The importance of accurate passes and especially skilful receiving should not be neglected. Both one time passes using short forehand passes and longer distance passes using forehand pass with follow through should be practiced. Both can easily be done in pairs. Soft hands can be emphasised in aerial passes which are more difficult to receive. With short forehand passes the short distance of the players should also correlate with the forced used in passing. When using defender-defender in the openings the distance of the two lowest players is usually longer and in libero play the distance is shorter. Therefore suitable passing techni- ques should be practised according to the tactic used. The players should be encouraged to pass and receive a pass while moving and always to an open space instead of a player standing still. If the player is standing still, the opponent is more likely to read the passing direction and cut the passing lane. Also maintaining possession of the ball is important in the offensive play as the opponent might direct the ball carrier into the corner or by the rink if there is no quick chance to open up the play. Protecting the ball becomes important when the ball carrier is covered by the opponent. The players without the ball have to keep moving around the court in order to create passing lanes for the ball carrier. Drills with lots of movement and speed need to be practiced. Drills to practice technical skills can also be found in the material; Individual Technique and Tactics.

Offensive player with Opponent without Moving without ball Moving with ball a ball a ball ►

Offensive player Cone Passing Shooting Without a ball TEAM TACTICS International Floorball Federation Level 2 Drill 2 Objective: Modifications: • To practice passing and • The positions of A3 and On the second level, the terms and concepts are good receiving while moving A4 can vary according to go through with the team. With a younger team it is • To practice moving to the coaches choices enough if the players are aware of the terminology the coa- through the whole • A3 and A4 can also be ch is using. The individual tactics should be emphasised, so court as in an opening replaced by coaches that each player knows the responsibilities in each position. Organisation: Key points: • Players form a line • Head up The drills and objectives should be kept as simple as pos- behind the goal • Game like posture and sible so that the player’s ability to transform the knowledge • One player in the cor- movement of the ball into game like situations remains. With more experienced ner, one player in the carrier players the terms are known, so the coach should emphasise centre and one player • The situation simula- by the rink in the other tes an opening and it the main points, like the aim of the openings or the move- end should be emphasised ment of each individual player. Also the options a player has Execution: to the players can be varied so decision making becomes more relevant. • A1 passes the ball to A2 • When receiving the Opening the game is the first thing a team has to consi- in the corner first pass the player der after gaining the ball from the opponent, whether af- (A2) should be in side- • A2 takes control of the ter interception or stealing the ball. The way a team decides ball and continues the way movement keeping movement along the head up and searching to open the game depends on many other factors, such as rink for a passing possibility the chosen tactic, the opponent, and the situation in hand. • A2 passes to A3 who • The movement should The level of the players plays a big part when determining be constant when passes a one timer the opening style. The decision making of the ball carrier back passing and receiving • A2 passes to A4 who a pass determines the actions of the non ball carriers; whether to is positioned by the • The executing player pass forward or backward, or maintain the possession of the rink at the other end should head towards ball. When choosing to pass, the player should always sup- and continues the the goal with a slight port the pass in case the receiver of the pass is unable to angle to the middle to movement towards the control the ball or the pass is intercepted by the opponent. middle and the goal get a better scoring with a slight angle position (pass coming • A2 receives a pass from from the side, not from Individual skills needed in openings: A4 in front of the goal behind) • Readiness to pass and receive and shoots Movement • A1 becomes A2, A2 becomes A4 and A4 • Supporting one’s own pass becomes A3 • Reaction speed • Decision making (whether to make fast counter attack or an organised attack) A1

Offensive player with Opponent without 10◄ Moving without ball Moving with ball a ball a ball

Offensive player Cone Passing Shooting Without a ball TEAM TACTICS International Floorball Federation

Drill 3 Drill 4 Objective: Objective: Modifications: • To practice passing • To practice the move- • Can start with shorter past an opponent ment in the openings distances • To practice difficult • To practice readiness • A2 can be stationary in passes to pass and receive a the beginning and A1 Organisation: pass while moving run along the rink to • Players form groups of • To practice gaining a pass and receive a pass three players with one scoring chance from A2 before the ball each group Organisation: middle line Execution: • Players form a line in Key points: • Two players in five to the corner (A1) • Game likeness should seven meters distance • One player in the mid- be emphasised passing to each other dle area by the middle • Players should be cons- as in defender-defen- line (A2) tantly moving and the der opening • One player in the oppo- blade should almost • The third player as a site corner (A3) touch the floor all the top striker trying to cut • Executed in both sides time for the readiness the passing lane of the court to receive a pass • The players with the Execution: • A2 should make a clear ball are trying to exe- • A1 starts from the move towards the rink cute successful passes corner with the ball and pass from protecti- with the top striker passing to A2 on (in a game situation harassing the players • A2 will take control the player is most • If the top striker suc- of the ball and moves likely to be covered by ceeds on intercepting towards the rink an opponent which also the pass, the players • A1 follows the pass can be included and will switch crossing with A2 from played by the coach) the middle • A3 should come to- Modifications: wards A1 to receive a • The players with the • A1 receives a drop pass pass and not stand in ball can make it even from A2 the corner more game like by • A1 continues with the • A3 can also start the trying to maintain a ball and passes to A3 movement from the sideways position who has moved to- slot and empty the spa- • The coach can deter- wards the middle line ce for a shot by moving mine how close the top • A3 gives a one time towards the rink striker goes towards pass to A1 who shoots the one with the ball • A1 becomes A3, A3 which will describe becomes A2 and A2 the level of the fore becomes A1 checking and makes it more difficult for the ball carrier Key points: • Players should use all A1 kind of passes, also backhand and aerial • Players should be encouraged to pass even in tight situations and not to back up or turn their back to the opponent A2 • Players should avoid using one time passes in order to maintain the objective of the exercise

Offensive player with Opponent without Moving without ball Moving with ball a ball a ball ►11

Offensive player Cone Passing Shooting Without a ball TEAM TACTICS International Floorball Federation

Drill 5 Objective: Modifications: • To practice the move- • The coach can come up ment of the forwards with different varia- during openings tions • For the ball carrier • Also the goalkeeper to practice decision can be used in the making start of the opening by Organisation: throwing the first pass • One player in the • The coach can harass middle on the defen- A3 and therefore force sive zone as a centre him/her to make a forward (A2) decision • One player on the mid- Key points: dle line by the rink as a • The timing of move- wing forward (A3) ment should match the • One player in the passes middle on the offen- • Game like posture and sive zone as a top movement striker(A4) • A3 should keep head • One player behind up and pay attention defensive zone’s goal to the action of A4 to as a defender (A1) with make a decision rest of the players and • A3 can also shoot balls without A4 screening Execution: the goalkeeper, but it • A1 starts moving side- is more useful to have ways with the ball from someone in front of the behind the goal goal if there is a shot • At the same time A2 from a long distance will move towards the • The movement of the rink highest player is cru- • A1 passes to A2 cial in the game even • Simultaneously with when the ball is still on A2’s movement A3 the defensive zone to empties the side by the lure the opponent and rink by moving up and empty space for the towards the centre ball carrier or a shot • A2 takes possession of the ball and passes to A3 A1 • A3 has to make a decision depending on the movement of A4 • A4 can either: • rush to the slot to screen the goalkeeper (option 1)-> A3 shoots or A2 • empty the centre area by moving towards the rink (option 2) -> A3 A3 passes to A4, where after A4 can pass a one timer to A3 or shoot him/herself • After the execution A1 becomes A2, A2 be- A4 comes A3, A3 becomes A4 and A4 becomes the last one in line Option.2 Option.1

Offensive player with Opponent without 12◄ Moving without ball Moving with ball a ball a ball

Offensive player Cone Passing Shooting Without a ball TEAM TACTICS International Floorball Federation Level 3 Organized attacks

To give hard tactical instructions usually works better for Organized attacks are used after an interception when the younger players and beginners but with more experienced team is about to switch lines or the team has no chance to and older players, creativity and ability to read the game counter-attack. Therefore the player, who intercepted the ball plays a more important role in the offensive play. First the from the opponent, decides to pass the ball back to the de- coach should plan and instruct the opening system so that fensive zone in order to calm down the play. Also free-hits all players are aware of their positions, the movement of the and hit-in’s from the defensive zone are starting points for ball and other players. Thereafter the players should be aware organized attacks. Organised attacks give the forwards an of the aim of the attack which can be for example: option to create passing lanes and chances to shoot in the offensive zone. The negative point is that it also gives a chance 1. Safe lifts up by the sides, where the whole team for the opponent to organize their defence. Organised attacks is giving pressure on the offensive zone. works best if the passing lanes and figures are well practiced within the team. 2. Lifting the ball up towards the opponents slot Two different tactics are used in the openings, but also va- to make fast finish of the attack by directing the riations of these are possible: shot or hitting in possible rebounds. This might be appropriate during the last minutes of the 1. Libero play game while trying to even the score. • When team is using one player in the bottom and two players on the sides as wings 3. High lifts towards the offensive corners to the • Rotation and drop passes top striker to fight for when the team is playing • Two forwards up in the offensive zone to create shorthanded or when the team is winning and passing lanes does not want to loose players in the offensive • One of the forwards might create a passing lane zone (defensive play). in the middle depending on the fore checking figure of the opponent 4. Fast and direct attacks after interception in • The movement of all five players is extremely order to create open space for counterattacks. important to lure the opponent and open up space These decisions are made according to the opponent and game situation. When these aims are made clear to the players, it is much easier to create passing lanes and empty space for the attacks. After defining the aim, the coach should choose few simple figures to open up the passing lanes. The exercises should be made so that a game like situation is created all the way from the opening to the finish. These patterns should then be practiced so that the players know them without having to be shown every time. Also different variations should be practiced, especially after the players are able to read the situation. There are three different ways to open up the game; organized attacks, improvisation, and counter attacks (see transition).

LIBERO.PLAY

Offensive player with Opponent without Moving without ball Moving with ball a ball a ball ►13

Offensive player Cone Passing Shooting Without a ball TEAM TACTICS International Floorball Federation play. In organized attacks, players must be aware of the posi- 2. Defender-defender tion they need to be in for each situation. They should have • When team is using two defenders to open up the ability to react and adjust if necessary according to the the play opposing team’s movements and positioning. The openings • This is perhaps a more offensive way to open up might not always work out as planned but with repetition the play as there are three players in the offensive and constant formation, the players should be aware of dif- zone ferent options to adjust the play with. Different ways should • Also the risk of a 3 against 2 attack for the oppo- be practiced with line-ups using the whole court. nent is bigger The drills are up to the coach to plan according to the cho- • The distances should be kept short between the sen way to open the game. Some examples are included. ball- and non ball carriers When practicing organized attacks, the opposing team has • The attackers should always be moving a good opportunity to practice defensive formations. • Can easily be transferred to back triangle with a libero player • If the defender, or any other player for that matter is about to shoot from distance, there should always be one player in the slot to screen the goalkeeper and shoot in possible rebounds (when finishing attacks)

DEFENDER-DEFENDER

In both cases the same rules should apply when crossing the middle area. There should be no passing or dribbling sideways (towards the middle area) to minimize the risk of loosing the ball in the most dangerous area for counter attacks. Players should be encouraged to pass only forward and mostly using the sides of the rink. On the third level, the players should have individual technical skills and tactical knowledge needed to perform as a unity of five players. The cooperation of the players should be seamless, which means that the players should possess the abilities to keep their head up and read the game as they Offensive player with Opponent without 14◄ Moving without ball Moving with ball a ball a ball

Offensive player Cone Passing Shooting Without a ball TEAM TACTICS International Floorball Federation

Drill 6 Objective: Modifications: • To practice opening • Can also be executed with a libero player with the opponent • To practice the coope- playing with sticks ration and movement turned upside down A5 of all five players Key points: Organisation: • The quick movement • Players positioned as and timing of passes is extremely important shown in picture 1 A4 • Players should be Execution: encouraged to move • The lowest player away from the slot and A2 (libero/A1) passes A3 in the centre therefore the ball around with drawing the covering the wings of the back opponent with the triangle while the movement. This leaves A1 forwards are constantly space for another moving to open up for LIBERO.PLAY player to get open for a pass (picture 1) a pass or a shot. • If the ball is passed to • The distances should A2, A4 moves towards be kept tight to keep the slot and A5 moves the passes relatively towards the rink on PICTURE 1 short and accurate that side of the rink • Accurate drop passes and vice versa by the defenders • The players have decided figures of movement as picture shows A5 • Option 1. • A1 starts moving towards to side of the rink • as A1 crosses A3 he will give a drop pass to A4 him/her • A3 will pass a one A3 timer to A2 who will continue passing to A5 A2 who has moved from the space in front of A1 the net • A4 has now gained an Option.1 open space for a shot in front of the net • Option 2. • A1 can either dribble PICTURE 2 the ball sideways or pass straight to A4 who has moved from the centre towards the side of the rink • Simultaneously A2 has moved to the centre to be open for a pass • A4 can either pass to A5 A2 or A5, who is now positioned in front of the net ready for a shot or a rebound or to A4 screen the goal keeper • Players should aim for A3 approximately 5 passes A2 before shooting A1

Option.2

PICTURE 3 Offensive player with Opponent without Moving without ball Moving with ball a ball a ball ►15

Offensive player Cone Passing Shooting Without a ball TEAM TACTICS International Floorball Federation

Drill 7 the slot and A4 is Objective: screening the goalkee- • To practice openings per or pass to A4 who using libero play shoots • To practice openings • The coach stops the using the centre player drill after one attack A5 • Demands good techni- Modifications: cal skills in passing and • As many variations as receiving the coach comes up A4 • Opening play for more with developed players • The coach should take Organisation: the players strengths • Five players each side and skill level under A3 • Both teams stand by consideration the middle line Key points: A2 Execution: • Timing of movement • The predetermined de- important fensive team’s player • The libero player can A1 shoots towards the make the movement opponent’s goal to the centre and drop • After a save the go- pass couple of times in alkeeper throws the the beginning before ball to the corner from making the next move where the offensive • The forwards should be teams libero player in constant movement picks it up to start up and get familiar with the play their movement tracks • The defensive team • Both options should be will use fore checking used alternatively in A5 figure 2-1-2 the game to lure the opponent • The offensive team A4 should concentrate on • Also the other side of using the centre in the the rink should be used Option.1 opening • A1 moves towards the centre with the ball • A1’s next move depends on the fore A1 checkers actions A3 • Option 1: (when both fore checkers are mo- A2 ving towards A1) • A1 gives a drop pass to A2 who has moved below him/her to secure the slot • A2 gives a one time pass to A3 who has moved towards the rink • A3 will pass quickly to A5 who has also moved A5 from the centre • A5 passes to A4 who has now found his/her Option.2 way in front of the net • Option 2: (when fore A4 checkers are giving space for A1) • If A1 has space, he/she can dribble through A3 the centre, A2 securing A1 the slot • A1 can either continue A2 towards the opponents goal to shoot or pass to A3 who has moved forward along the rink • A3 can either shoot while A5 has emptied

Offensive player with Opponent without 16◄ Moving without ball Moving with ball a ball a ball

Offensive player Cone Passing Shooting Without a ball TEAM TACTICS International Floorball Federation

Drill 8 Objective: • Option 3: Through the loosing the ball in a • To practice openings centre dangerous zone using two defenders • Used when the oppo- • Always aim towards the • To practice openings as nent is fore checking slot and a shot a unit with a top striker and • One player in the slot leaving the middle to screen the goalkee- Organisation: unguarded per • Five players on the • A1 passes to A2 • The defenders (A1 and field situated as shown • Simultaneously A3 A2) should play game • One of the defenders moves to the centre like and lift their posi- with the ball (he/she is not allowed tions according to the • First can be practised A5 to stay there but has to situation (to assist the without the opponent move in and out) forwards in finishing and then introduce • A2 passes to A3 the attack) the opponent once the • As this happens, A5 will • The ball carrier should players have under- move towards the ball be encouraged to pass stood the system. to be open for a pass to an open space from A4 Execution: and A4 moves towards where the non ball car- A3 • Option 1: Along the the slot rier picks up the ball Option.1 boards • A3 passes to A5 who instead of to a player • Both defenders at the can either shoot or who stands still and is A2 corner face-off dot pass to A4 easily covered by the • A2 passes to A1 • A3 has to be very opponent A1 • A1 will move sideways certain about recei- • An opening should al- behind the goal and ving and passing in the ways end up scoring then pass back to A2 central area to mini- • An opening transfers who continues a one mize the risk of loosing to an attack on the time pass to A4 the ball offensive zone as soon A5 • A4 passes a one time • If A3 has no opportuni- as the ball has crossed pass to A3 who passes ty to pass directly for- the opponent’s highest it back to A4 who has ward, he/she can take fore checker moved forward along control of the ball and • Timing of both the A4 the rink into the offen- then decide what to do passes and the player’s sive zone but in this case he/she movements are critical A3 • A5 is ready in the slot has to protect the ball for success, players to either screen the closely because the must be ready to adapt goalie or shoot risk of loosing the ball and adjust if necessary. A1 • Option 2: Changing the is quite big side • A3 can also pass back Option.2 A2 • A1 and A2 passing to to A2 in case A5 is not each other couple of at a passing distance times and the forwards • Same line-up can are moving accordingly execute three to five (moving slightly to the openings after which side where the ball is) they will switch • From a designated • Other line-ups paying signal, the opening will attention A5 start by A3 moving to- • Different line-ups can wards the rink simulta- practice different neously with A2 passing opening figures accor- A4 to A1 ding to the characteris- • A1 passes a one timer tics of the players to A3 who either takes A3 control of the ball Modifications: • The drill can and before passing to A4 should be modified ac- or passes a one timer cording to the chosen A1 to A4 A2 opening figure • At the same time A5 • The players can switch Option.3 moves towards the ball places to get familiar and receives a pass with different positions from A4 • A5 can either pass to Key points: A4 who has now moved • The same key points to the slot to screen should be emphasised the goalkeeper or during each opening figure shoot him/herself • No passing or dribbling sideways into the middle area to avoid

Offensive player with Opponent without Moving without ball Moving with ball a ball a ball ►17

Offensive player Cone Passing Shooting Without a ball TEAM TACTICS International Floorball Federation Improvisation Drill 9 Objective: Key points: The players can also improvise when lifting up the play • To practice attacking • Players should not run towards the offensive area. This happens with three to four with 3 players next to each other • To get familiar with players and is m��ostly for more experienced players, when • Creativi��ty should be different moving pat- emphasised but still the success depends on the players own creativity and game terns within one line some rules might be sense. In case the players are incompetent to read the situ- • To practice decision pointed out ation and react on team mates actions, an organised defen- making • No diagon��al movement ce can be hard to break. Therefore a team should start with Organisation: of the ball, in��cluding passing or dribbling, organized attacks, which provide safer ways for the players • Players form three lines at one end of the in the middle area to to open the game. Improvised attacks are good to practice rink minimize the risk of every once and a while to bring out the players own cre- • Balls in the goal loosing the ball ativity in the attacking. In these drills the coach can also Execution: • There should always be evaluate the development of the player’s game reading, • The goalkeeper passes two passing opportunities for the ball carrier movement etc. From the successful variations, the coach the ball to one of the three players on the • The distances should should choose the best ones to�� use in the organised attacks. line who will then start be kept short an attack towards the • The attack should other end always end up with a • The next group of shot three players can go • Players should not get after the first ones too close to the goal have finished the when finishing the attacks attack as most likely • After finishing the it will not happen in a attack players should game either clear the court quickly • The shot should be shot to leave room for the from a distance with next group one player in the slot • If there are two goal- to screen the goalkeepers, they should keeper and shoot in switch to practice both possible�� rebounds throwing and saves Modifications: • Can also be executed from both ends (with two goalkeepers) alternatively • In this case the players have to wait for the goalkeepers pass after G making a save • To save time also one of the players can start the attack with a pass even before the previous attack is finished • If there is only one goalkeeper or none at all, the coach can also start the attack by passing the ball • Can also be executed as a 2 against 0, which reduces the amount of options • Also opponent can be added so that two of Example the players stays in the court to defend after finishing the attack which makes the drill a G 3 against 2 exercise

Offensive player with Opponent without 18◄ Moving without ball Moving with ball a ball a ball

Offensive player Cone Passing Shooting Without a ball TEAM TACTICS International Floorball Federation

Drill 10 Attacking (Offensive play in the offen- Objective: sive�� zone) • To practice fast openings and attacking • This will emphasise the • To practice passing fact that the passing while moving direction is always for- Organisation: ward because players • Players form three are not supposed to lines as in the previous run backwards drill • No drop passes allowed • The line in the middle • One player should with the balls always be a ahead of Execution: the ball • The first player in the • The objective of middle line (A2) starts following the pass is by passing the ball emphasising the cons- to one of the other tant movement and players A1 or A3 who supporting the pass will continue passing, and certain principles preferring one time in attacking such as passes levelling, heading for • After each pass the the slot and aiming for player is supposed to a shot follow the pass • If the players are not able to follow the pass, Modifications: they are not moving • Can also be started by nor levelling as they the goalkeeper should to succeed in Key points: scoring • Player should always • In the picture it is Level 1 follow his/her pass shown that both the • Non-ball carriers ball and the players should always move are moving forward all Individual technical skills needed forward after following the time the pass ready to recei- • passing/receiving ve another pass • shooting • protecting the ball

The most important skill required in attacking is passing and receiving and of course shooting. Pas- ses should be accurate in order to proceed to a sco- A2 ring situation. The objective of the attack along with the A1 game situation determines the type of the pass; whether passes should be short, long, on the ground or aerial. The type of the shot should be chosen according to the situ- A3 A3 ation and the objective of the attack. Usually the objective is scoring, but might also be, for example, maintaining the possession of the ball in the offensive zone. This means that all A2 A1 the necessary individual technical skills should be practiced so players possess the ability to use different variations in the game. Protecting the ball is also an important skill as the opponent might use corner defence and double the ball car- A3 rier in the corners or sides of the rink. The width of grip (steady hands) and posture (legs apart) are crucial in A2 ball protection. Protecting the ball using stick is important when dribbling the ball in order to keep the pos- A1 session of the ball while gaining space to pass or shoot.

Offensive player with Opponent without Moving without ball Moving with ball a ball a ball ►19

Offensive player Cone Passing Shooting Without a ball TEAM TACTICS International Floorball Federation

Drill 13 open spaces (depending Objective: on the placed cones, or • To practice passing and the opponent) ready to receiving while moving: receive a pass finishing attacks • If in libero play (figure 3) • To transfer individual the ball is played to the Example of.passing lanes skills into game perfor- left side to winger A3, A5 mance moves to the corner on • To practice moving in the left side and A4 mo- the offensive zone and ves closer to the centre scoring (either behind or in front of the goal depending on Organisation: the opponents moves) • Players are divided as in • The attack should end drill 12 with a shot after 5-6 • A defensive team can passes be added without sticks • The same passing figure or by playing with sticks can be repeated as many upside down times as necessary until • A defensive team can also the players have under- be simulated by cones in stood and remembered the beginning (as figure The figure, and other figure 1 dice 5) to emphasise the variations can be added passing with the attacking (also using the creativity team of the players themsel- • In the beginning, and ves) especially with young • after three to four at- players, the passing lanes tacks either the positions can be practiced so that or the whole line-up the players are only should be switched passing the ball without Starting Position movement(figure 1) Modifications: • The coach should also • Can be modified by make clear before star- changing the number of A1 ting where the defensive defensive players (also 5 A2 team is situated, and against 4) bring out the best options • Also the figure of passing for the attacking teams can be modified depen- players’ where to be open ding on the chosen play A3 for a pass and where are system (using the centre or the corners) the best places to score A4 by using the tactic board Key Points: (opponent covering the • Using the open space, best scoring sector as avoiding dangerous passes A5 figure shows) and poor scoring zones • Readiness to pass and figure 2 Execution: receive • A1 and A2 are giving a • Head up free-hit by the middle • Players should be encou- line (figure 2) raged to also use their • A3 is situated near the own creativity rink, A4 in the middle • The level of the players and A5 on the offensive should be considered corner on the strong side of the rink Example of.the.movement • The forwards can also switch places, in floorball the positions are not designated, especially in A1 the offensive play and the A2 players are encouraged to be creative in attacking situations • The ball is passed around with the players first still A3 standing The movement: A4 • If A1 and A2 are passing to each other (figure 2) the A5 forwards should move to figure 3

Offensive player with Opponent without 20◄ Moving without ball Moving with ball a ball a ball

Offensive player Cone Passing Shooting Without a ball TEAM TACTICS International Floorball Federation

Level 2 Drill 14 • movement should be Objective: game like On the second level individual tactical skills determines how • to practice passing in • players should be gat- the offensive zone hered after the drill to to use the technical skills learned on the first level. Choosing be reminded about the the right technique according to the situation becomes rele- • to practice creating space in opening and objectives of the drill vant when thinking about succeeding in the team play. Deci- finishing attacks sion making is an important factor, not only as a ball carrier • to practice timing of but also as a non ball carrier. After all there are usually 4 players passing and moving without the ball assisting the ball carrier to make a decision. Organisation: • A1 behind the goal • A3 at the middle line Individual tactics needed: near the rink • maintaining the possession of the ball • A2 in the other corner • creating space for the ball carrier with the rest of the • creating passing lanes by moving players and balls • the coach should make • creating space in the slot the objective of timing • screening the goalie the passes and move- • aiming for the scoring sector ment clear beforehand Execution: The coach should always consider the player material, • first part demonstra- which depending on the team can be very varied, and take tes an opening in the defensive zone advantage of the player’s individual talent. If there is a player 1. A1 starts running with a perfect slap shot, the coach can encourage him/her towards the corner to get open for a shot and other players to pass to him/ while receiving a pass her if there is a chance. Of course the tactics should not be from A2 2. A1 continues running based on one individual but all players should be included. by the board while A3 The decision making should be emphasised in moves to the centre the drills and the exercises should be made as game 3. A1 passes a one-timer like as possible and should always contain shooting. to A3 and continues The drills included under Improvised attacks can be trained running towards the middle line here as well. - the second part de- monstrates an attack in the defensive zone 4. A1 continues following the middle line, while A2 runs by the board towards the line (after the first pass), A2 receives a pass from A1 5. A3 waits in the slot, as in game like situation, prepared to receive a pass, but as A1 passes to A2, A3 moves by the board to receive a pass from A2 6. A1 runs towards the slot to receive a pass from A3 7. A1 shoots • A1 becomes A2, A2 becomes A3 and A3 becomes A1 A3 Modifications: 4 • different variations of 6 running and passing 2 lanes is up to the coach 5 Key points: 4 3 • the coach should pay special attention to the 6 7 2 timing of the move- A2 ment and passing A1 • A3 empties the slot for 1 A1 to shoot

Offensive player with Opponent without Moving without ball Moving with ball a ball a ball ►21

Offensive player Cone Passing Shooting Without a ball TEAM TACTICS International Floorball Federation

Drill 15 where the ball carrier Objective: always have two pas- • To practice movement sing lanes (picture 1) in the offensive zone • One of the forwards • To practice the coope- (the one with the best ration of an offensive shot) should stay by line-up the imaginary “blue • To practice scoring in 3 line” trying to create against 2 situation a chance to shoot from • To practice emptying distance and one of the space and creating spa- other forwards should Imaginary blue line ce for the ball carrier then rush to the slot to Pic 1 screen the goalkeeper Organisation: and shoot in possible • Players divided into rebounds forwards and defenders • The third forward • Forwards are further should try to create a divided in groups of passing lane by moving three as in offensive to an empty space Pic 2 line-ups and defenders • Movement of the non divided in defending ball carriers should couples be emphasised and it Imaginary blue line • The players are playing should then be trans- in one end of the rink ferred to the game as • Can be executed in well both ends of the rink • If the defenders are depending on the blocking the passing amount of players lanes by covering the Execution: non ball carriers, the • One group of forwards ball carrier should try is trying to keep the to get into a shooting possession of the position and the non ball while creating a ball carriers should scoring chance and one therefore move to defending couple is empty space for the defending ball carrier to pass or • The defenders are not shoot (picture 2) trying to score and if • The offensive line-ups they get the possession should come up with of the ball they will movement patterns pass the ball to the that become familiar corner from where the with all three players attackers will get it • Players should keep • If the goalkeeper ma- on their toes and keep kes a save or the ball is their head up to see shot out of boundaries, the position of their the goalkeeper will team mates throw another ball in the corner • The coach signals the shifts that can vary from 45 to 90 seconds • After one shift, the players will switch in order to recover for the next shift Modifications: • Also 3 against 3 game which leaves a less chance for the attackers to score but might be more game like situation • In this case the defenders can play with sticks turned upside down Key points: • The forwards should try to format a triangle

Offensive player with Opponent without 22◄ Moving without ball Moving with ball a ball a ball

Offensive player Cone Passing Shooting Without a ball TEAM TACTICS International Floorball Federation Level 3

On the third level, after learning the individual technical and tactical skills, like passing, shooting, screening and creating passing lanes and space, the team tactics used should be introduced. The coach should make clear to the players which factors are crucial in the offensive zone. These factors are for example:

• The length of the attack • The movement of the players • The number of players on the offensive zone.

The length of the attack is the most important thing. A short and fast attack is used if the team is unable to hold the possession of the ball in the offensive zone due to lack of technical skills. If the team is highly skilled technically and the opponent is outplayed, the team should hold the possession of the ball aiming for a sure scoring chance. After interception, if the team is capable of performing a fast counter attack, the players should try to attack quickly but might as well end up holding the ball if they are not able to end the attack right away. In this case the ability to read the game is crucial.

The coach can also determine how many players he/she wants on the offensive zone. This can be dependent on the game situation (power play/short handed), level of the players (keeping at least one defender securing own slot, if the risk of loosing the ball is high) or level of the opponent. Usually the main point is to have all the five players on the offensive zone to increase the possibility to score. Also the movement of the players can be practiced so that the ball carrier always knows where to find a team mate to pass to. If these factors are made clear to the players it is easier to motivate the players when the objectives are same for everybody.

Offensive player with Opponent without Moving without ball Moving with ball a ball a ball ►23

Offensive player Cone Passing Shooting Without a ball TEAM TACTICS International Floorball Federation

Drill 16 • Example of the move- Objective: ment pattern (pictures Modifications: • To practice attacking 1 and 2): • After a while, when with all five players • A1 starts moving to the players have • To practice movement his/her right with the learned the movement of non ball carriers ball patterns, another line- • To practice emptying • A2 moves towards A1 up can be added as an space in the slot from whom he/she will opponent Organisation: receive a drop pass • The defending team • Players are divided in from can first have their line-ups • Simultaneously A4 mo- sticks turned upside • With uneven amount of ves towards the middle down players, also substitute line • If the defending team players possible • A2 passes a one time gets the possession • Can be executed in pass to A4 of the ball, they will both ends of the rink • A5 have emptied the shoot the ball to the but if only one coach is slot by moving towards corner, from where available, it is prefer- the rink leaving space the offensive team will red that one line-up is for A3 get it executing the drill at • After the first pass, A1 • The defending team is a time will move towards the mostly trying to cut the • This will give the coach slot ready to receive a passing lanes and inter- the best possibility pass from A4 cept passes, they are to go through the key • As a ball carrier, A4 has not trying to steal the points with each line- now two options, eit- ball by giving pressure up her he/she can pass to to the ball carrier • With two coaches, they A1 who shoots or pass • Also a good way of should see that the to A5 who shoots practicing power play same main points are • If A4 is not able to pass when four defensive emphasised to either A1 or A5, players are added he/she can pass the Key points: Execution: ball back to A2 or even • Each line-up will play 5 • The movement of the shoot him/herself against 0 non ball carriers should • A2 should stay by the • The ball should be be emphasised middle to secure the passed to each player • Emptying space in the defensive zone in case at least once before a slot by moving and of an interception shot therefore drawing the • When the opponent is • Shifts can vary from 60 opponent with the added, the amount of to 120 seconds that the movement leaves place option decreases which coach signals for another player makes the drill more • If the coach has a lot to move to the slot, game like and there- of feedback during the or the ball carrier to fore the fast decision shift, the shift can be shoot making according to longer • One player should aim the situation should be • Players not executing for the slot to screen prioritised should pay attention the goalkeeper espe- • A1 should pass the ball all the time cially in case of a shot couple of times with A2 • The players can prac- from distancePiv and A4 before starting tice either play with to move (as in opening back triangle or to with a libero) while A3 defenders and A5 switches places • Usually the use of back • If A1 is covered by triangle is more effi- an opponent, A2 can cient as the opponent create space for him/ is most likely to defend her by blocking the with formation dice 5 defensive player which • Back triangle also will leave space for A1 enables more players to move towards the on the offensive zone rink and shoot or pass which makes the attack (picture 3) more efficient • In this case A4 has to • The movement of the lower him/herself to players is similar to secure the defensive the offensive play in zone in case of an the defensive zone interception (openings) but the distances are shorter and the readiness to shoot should be emphasised

Offensive player with Opponent without 24◄ Moving without ball Moving with ball a ball a ball

Offensive player Cone Passing Shooting Without a ball TEAM TACTICS International Floorball Federation Transition (Counter attacks) Picture 1 Level 1

Another way to lift up the game is based on quick transition from defence to offence (counter attacks). It relies on the players’ ability to predict the next move and act accordingly. The most important technical skills are again passing and receiving as well as shooting. Also the change in direction of the movement is extremely important. The players should have the readiness to turn around in full speed from A1 defence to offence. This reaction can be practiced through coordination runs with fast turns, with and without the ball. The reaction speed depends on the speed of the actions in A2 A3 A4 the nervous system, and on how fast the impulse is delivered from the brains to the working muscles. If the nervous system is practiced, the impulse can be turned to an automatic A5 reaction, which will then make the impulse move faster in the body. After all, quick transition is all about the reaction.

Picture 2

A5 A3

Picture 3

A4 A2 A3

Offensive player with Opponent without Moving without ball Moving with ball a ball a ball ►25

Offensive player Cone Passing Shooting Without a ball TEAM TACTICS International Floorball Federation

Drill 17 Drill 18 Objective: Modifications: Objective: Modifications: • To practice change of • Also sideway running • To practice fast reac- • Can also be executed direction of movement so that the executing tion and change in with more players • To practice short one player does a sideway direction of movement • With more players (for time passes movement and passes a • To practice reading the example 4 against 3) Organisation: one timer in each turn opponent and cutting also two balls can be • Players divided in • Movement and turns passing lanes used groups of three as a ball carrier can be • To practice short, accu- • In this case the players • Two players with ball practiced so that the rate passes have to keep aware- each as a stationary in player executing has • Also a good warm-up ness of both balls, so the opposite sides of the ball and passing drill that the ball is not pas- the rink • Otherwise same exe- Organisation: sed to the same player • One player in the mid- cution • Players are divided in at the same time dle without a ball • Same shift lengths groups of six Key points: Key points: • Four players stationary • The reaction followed Execution: by the interception • Third player starts • Fast turns; no running in a square in about 5 should be emphasised running in the middle in a circle meters distance as in • The passes should be while passing a one • Accurate passes the picture accurate and the mo- time pass in each turn • Movement on toes • Two players inside the vement quick • Coach signals 45 • Readiness to pass and square • The stationary players seconds shifts where receive; blade on the Execution: can move slightly but after the players will floor all the time • Players with the ball not take more than few switch start to pass the ball steps with each other • The players in the mid- • Players without the dle should only aim for ball try to intercept interception using the the pass by blocking stick, not harass the the passing lanes ball carrier by getting • If they manage to too close intercept a pass, they • The drill is mostly for have to pass the ball as the two players in the quickly as possible to middle cutting the another player in the passing lanes square and switch pla- • When a player suc- ces with the one who ceeds on intercepting made the fail pass a pass, he/she should • This will demonstrate immediately be ready the immediate reaction to pass the ball to the of passing and moving next player after interception • The coach should see that all the players switch places whether Sideway movement the players in the middle succeed in intercepting a pass or not

Offensive player with Opponent without 26◄ Moving without ball Moving with ball a ball a ball

Offensive player Cone Passing Shooting Without a ball TEAM TACTICS International Floorball Federation Level 2 Drill 19 • This increases the Objective: amount of transitions The role of the reaction in different game situations is ex- • To practice quick tran- and makes the game tremely important in transition. To provide the players with sition in smaller units fast which is more suitable for advanced options and to practice these options in a game like environ- Organisation: players • The rink is divided in ment will also give security to the players on how to react in Key points: the moment of transition. For example if a player in the cent- half (or a smaller court used) • The power play situ- re intercepts an opponent’s pass, where should the winger • Players are divided in ation followed by the be in order to receive a one time pass from that player? The pairs interception should be player with the ball has the responsibility to make the decision • Few players are nomi- taken advantaged of • The distances should whether to pass or dribble, but the offensive players without nated as extra players (the fifth player in the be kept short and the the ball have to move quickly to create passing lanes. These game) ball carrier should have skills should be prioritized while practicing transition with • Players should be the possibility to pass the whole unit. The actions of all five players should be con- provided with different forward coloured vests • After the interception, sidered. The objective of transition phase should be empha- the offensive team sised to the players, which is the power play situation crea- Execution: (team intercepting a • Coach signals for 60 to ted by transition, and the fast scoring chance followed by it. pass) should be imme- 90 seconds shifts diately ready to change • Players play 3 against 2 direction and attack The individual tactical skills needed in quick transition are: game so that the extra • The objective of using player always plays on • Blocking passing lanes and intercepting a pass the extra player, which the offensive side • Change in direction of movement is the constant power • This means that the play situation of the • Ability to read the game offensive team always offensive team, should • Readiness to attack have a power play be made clear to the situation when they in- • Readiness to pass and receive (one time passing) players as the players tercept a pass or steal • Readiness to shoot might get confused in the ball • Creating passing lanes (non ball carrier) the beginning • The extra players • The levelling of the should switch after players important with The importance of game sense can not be underesti- each shift both offensive and mated as the players should keep the awareness of both Modifications: defensive teams team mates’ and opponents’ moves and next actions. • Also the coach can play as the extra player • The teams can also consist of more players and players can switch on-the-fly • The extra player should be kept constant but the coach should see that also the extra player is changed every once a while • Passing can be emphasised by allowing only two touches with the ball (receiving and passing) or only one time passes • If the player touches the ball more than once (or dribbles) the other team will get a free-hit If the extra player makes a mistake, the defensive team is awarded with a free- hit, but not given by the extra player • In this variation, the pass is more easily intercepted because of the minimal time for the ball carrier to make a decision

Offensive player with Opponent without Moving without ball Moving with ball a ball a ball ►27

Offensive player Cone Passing Shooting Without a ball TEAM TACTICS International Floorball Federation Drill 20 Objective: Key points: • To practice quick • The transition phase transition from defence should be emphasised to offence and the as well as the readiness readiness to attack to attack B3 B4 • For the goalkeeper to • Fast change of direc- G practice reaction of tion passing immediately • After interception, or a after a save pass from the goal- Organisation: keeper, the offensive B2 • Players are divided in players should be able four groups to level the attack so • One group in each that the non ball car- B1 corner rier rushes towards the • Two players in front of opponents net while the other net ready to the ball carrier stays a defend bit lower ready to pass • Balls in the goal or shoot • Coach can replace the • In case the player who goalkeeper in the other intercepted the pass goal if only one goal- is higher than the non keeper is available ball carrier, he/she can either advance to Execution: a shooting position or • The first two players pass backwards which (A1 and A2) from the is not so recommended opposite end of the A2 because of the risk of rink where the defen- loosing the ball in more A1 ders (B1 and B2) are dangerous area (in the G placed start an attack middle zone) by receiving a pass A3 A4 • Players should keep from the goalkeeper awareness of the team • Right after A1 and A2 mates position have started attacking, next ones on the line A1 A2 (A3 and A4) will be ready to defend against B1 and B2 B3 G B4 • If the ball is stolen by B1 and B2, they will immediately turn to attack towards the opposite goal using the B2 same ball • If the ball is saved by B1 the goalkeeper or hit out of boundaries, the goalkeeper will pass another ball to B1 or B2 • After an attack, the players will switch to the other end of the rink Modifications: A3 • The drill can be mo- A4 dified to a transition drill from offence to defence when: • A1 and A2 attack 2 against 0 where after G they will turn over to defend against B1 and B2 who have started the attack right after a shot • In this case the players stay attack and defend the same goal during the whole exercise

Offensive player with Opponent without 28◄ Moving without ball Moving with ball a ball a ball

Offensive player Cone Passing Shooting Without a ball TEAM TACTICS International Floorball Federation

Drill 21 Objective: Modifications: • To develop players • The drill can be played G ability to read the as a two against two Phase.1 game and outplay the situation first, to make opponent it more simple for the • To practice quick players to understand transition from defence • The third player can be A2 to offence and the added as soon as the readiness to attack players understand the A1 B3 • To increase the amount rotation and the objec- of options given by tive of back checking A3 increasing the amount Key points: A4 of players to three • To back check = When against three defensive player/s • By decreasing the are trying to gain the amount of time, to possession of the ball or B1 B2 develop the players giving pressure to the ability to make quick opponent’s ball carrier decisions from behind after the Organisation: ball has passed the • Players form two (A highest fore checkers and B) lines at the mid- • The opponent should dle line near the rink be outplayed by a fast facing their respective transition with a power goals play situation in the • Two players, B1 and B2 offensive zone Phase2 in front of their own • The power play situa- goal ready to defend tion is created by the A4 • Balls are in the goal or back checker and it on top of the goal cage should be emphasised B3 A3 Execution: that the back checker B5 1. First two players in line should really assist in B4 A, A1 and A2 receives a the defence and not A5 pass from the goalkee- just wait for the open- per and they start an ing pass B1 attack against B1 and • There are various A2 B2 options players have A1 • as soon as A1 and A2 in each role and they have passed the middle should be encouraged line, a third defensive to use their creativity B2 player, B3, will back • The defenders should check and the situation be ready to defend is played as a 2 against and they should have 3 situation the readiness to attack 2. When the ball is saved, once they gain the pos- hit out of the bounda- session of the ball ries or the defensive • The back checker players, in this case should be either ready Phase.3 B1, B2 or B3, gets the to receive the opening possession of the ball, pass, or be ready to A4 they will start an at- rush to the slot as soon tack towards the other as the defenders get B3 goal the possession of the A3 • A3 and A4 have now po- ball A5 B2 sitioned themselves in B1 front of their own goal to defend the attack A2 • A1 and A2 join the line A1 3. As soon as the attackers, A3 or A4, cross B5 the middle line, a back checker, A5, will assist B4 the defenders and if the defenders will get possession of the ball A5 is ready to attack

Offensive player with Opponent without Moving without ball Moving with ball a ball a ball ►29

Offensive player Cone Passing Shooting Without a ball TEAM TACTICS International Floorball Federation Level 3 Drill 22 Objective: Modifications: The main thing to emphasise to the players in transition • To practice transition • After the coaches is that the power play situation created by the interception phase using all five signal, the team with should be taken advantage of as quickly as possible. The po- players the ball attacks against • To practice offensive two players from the wer play situation leaves open space for an attacking team readiness defensive team and a scoring chance should always be included in the at- Organisation: • In other words there tack. Transition relies mostly on opponent’s mistake so pa- • The coach divides the will be 5 against 2 tience is required. The opponent should not have the time players in two teams or situation created to to defend and also this unorganized defence should be taken line-ups according to emphasise the power play and the rest three advantaged of. When the ball is intercepted, one forward their playing positions • Players are provided players leave the rink should be ready to move towards the opponent slot, block with different coloured • The coach can deter- the opponent’s goalkeeper and shoot in possible rebounds or vests mine whether the two receive a pass and shoot if possible. If the ball is intercepted • Both teams are spread players staying on the court are the defen- by the highest player, he/she can either slow down the game around the rink passing one ball each team ders or the two lowest so that the others have time to move forward and then pass, with each other players at the moment or try to proceed to the scoring sector by playing one against • It should be made clear of the transition one with the opponent and then shoot. The best option ho- which team defends Key points: wever is that whether there is a possibility to a power play which goal • Main emphasis should situation (two against one) on the attacking zone the players • The coach should be on the transition make the objective phase should take advantage of it and create a passing lane to get of the exercise clear • The sudden signal for the defender and the goalkeeper into a sideway movement. to the players already the transition reflects If the defender is able to block both the passing lane and the beforehand and then the unpredictable shot, the ball carrier should try to maintain the possession of re-enforce the main situation in the game ideas afterwards environment the ball and wait for team mate’s assistance. All these diffe- Execution: • Players should be rent actions should be practiced in a game like environment • The coach shouts the ready to attack and when the moment of transition is not expected by the players. colour of the attacking take advantage of the It plays an important role in which part of the court the team opponents unorganised interception happens. The best place is obviously closest • The other team de- defence and the power play situation followed to the opponent’s goal, and the further away from the goal fends • Offensive team at- by the transition the interception happens, less likely there is a goal scored. tacks once and if the • The coach should pay defensive team gets close attention to the the possession of the moment he/she shouts ball, they will have one to start the attack; it chance to attack should be unpredicta- • After these two ble and different zones attacks, players start of the court should be another round from co- used aches signal or switch players • Recovery time if needed

Offensive player with Opponent without 30◄ Moving without ball Moving with ball a ball a ball

Offensive player Cone Passing Shooting Without a ball TEAM TACTICS International Floorball Federation

Drill 23 • After the execution the positions can either Objective: stay the same or rotate • To practice quick tran- so that A1’s become sition A2’s and vice versa • To practice finishing G • Players should however attacks clear the court quickly • To get familiar with in order to avoid certain predetermined A1 failure passes and to ways of opening the A1 be ready for the next game in transition execution A2 • Continuous drill where the players have to Key points: A1 be ready for the next • The defenders are only execution defending and then Organisation: passing the opening; B • Players divided by po- they are not suppose to sitions, defenders and attack forwards • The forwards are back • Can also be divided in checking and then B2 line-ups with at least finishing the attack B2 20 players for the drill • The 3 against 2 attack run smoothly should not be lasting B1 • Two cones marking an more than couple of B2 imaginary blue line seconds (both ways about five • The objective is to meters from the mid- quickly gain a scoring dle line) Phase 1 B2 • Defenders (A1’s and chance, finish the B1’s) positioned by the attack and open up the G imaginary blue line in game both ends outside the • Once the defensi- rink ve players get the • Forwards (A2’s and possession of the ball, B2’s) positioned closer they should have the to the middle line possibility to open up outside the rink the game by passing • Start of the drill: immediately G ◦ Three forwards (B2’s) • If the goalkeeper has ready to attack the possession of the ◦ Two defenders (A1’s) ball, he/she should A1 A1 on the other side ready pass the ball to the for- to defend wards and preferable Execution: to the highest player A1 • Phase 1: • One forward should ◦ The goalkeeper passes always go deep to be the ball to B2’s ready to receive an A2 ◦ B2’s attack against A1’s opening from the goal- A2 ◦ After the ball crosses keeper, or a defender the imaginary blue line, three forwards • The coach should give (A1’s) will back check some guidelines from B2 and assist the defen- where to be positioned ders (A1’s) to get the in order to receive a B1 possession of the ball pass, for example one B1 • Phase 2: forward by the rink and ◦ When A1’s get the pos- one in the centre session of the ball they • The forwards should B1 will immediately open create passing lanes by A2 up the game by passing moving Phase 2 to one of A2’s • The forwards should ◦ A2’s will attack against keep the distances G two defenders on the tight to create easy other side (B1’s) who passing lanes except have positioned themselves ready in on the for the one player who other end of the rink should always towards • If the ball is saved by the opponent’s goal the goalkeeper, a goal is scored or the ball is accidentally hit out of boundaries, the goalkeeper will pass another ball to A2’s

Offensive player with Opponent without Moving without ball Moving with ball a ball a ball ►31

Offensive player Cone Passing Shooting Without a ball TEAM TACTICS International Floorball Federation Defensive play

Defensive tactics can be divided in three parts: fore Fore Checking checking, defensive zone play and transition from offence to (Defensive play in the offensive zone) defence. All these parts require discipline and organisation. It demands acknowledging responsibilities and coordination between each individual in the rink to succeed in any defen- Level 1 sive action. Also good physical and tactical skills are required for the chosen tactic to work in the most effective way. It is up The most important individual technical skill in defen- to the coach to choose the most suitable tactic for the team. sive play is the posture which should be low. The stick should be used to harass the opponent and block passing The three main objectives of defensive play are: lanes. Also the quick change in direction of movement 1. To prevent the opponent from scoring. should be practiced to keep up the readiness to move and 2. To steer the opponent to an area where own to attack. Strength is required to win one against one si- team is strongest and the opponent weakest. tuations, both against a ball carrier and a non-ball carrier. 3. To regain the possession of the ball and attack. It should be made clear to the players that when the team does not have the ball, each player has the responsibility to defend and play according to the chosen system. So un- The ways to achieve these goals are varied and dependent derstanding the importance of how to sacrifice oneself can on which part of the court the situation is. The team can eit- also be included as a basis for a good defence and explai- her use steering or give pressure to the opponent’s ball carrier ning this to the players should be included on the first level. in order to steal the ball. There are two different tactical systems; zone (space) defence�� and man (man to man) defence. These individual technical skills should be included in the drills on the first level: • Change of direction of movement • Defensive posture • Strength (one against one’s) • Using stick to harass the opponent and cut passing lanes

Offensive player with Opponent without 32◄ Moving without ball Moving with ball a ball a ball

Offensive player Cone Passing Shooting Without a ball TEAM TACTICS International Floorball Federation

Drill 24 Drill 25 Objective: Objective: • To practice a low, • To practice ball pro- defensive posture tection • To practice body • To practice low defen- control sive posture • Also good warm-up and • To practice using body physical exercises to protect the ball Organisation: Organisation: • Players divided in pairs • Players divided in pairs taking enough space • One ball each pair around them • No sticks needed • No sticks needed Execution: • Also goalkeepers should • The ball is placed on participate the ground Execution: • One of the players is • Knee Catch protecting the ball • Players score a point using body and the when touching each other one is trying to others knees touch it • Low posture on toes • The ball is not suppose • Shoulder Catch to be moving • Players score a point • Coach signals 45 to 60 when touching each seconds shifts where others shoulders after the players will • Fast evasive movement switch • Toe Catch Modifications: • Players score a point • Also the stick can be when stepping each used to protect the others toes ball • Light steps • In this case the ball is • Fast movement on toes allowed to move but • Bottom Catch the players should stay • Players score a point inside a small area when touching each others backside Key points: • Low defensive posture • Quick turns while fa- • Legs wide apart cing the opponent • The player protecting • Coach signals 45 to 60 the ball should rotate seconds shifts in order to keep body Key points: between the ball and • Players should be acti- the opponent ve all the time • The coaches use of voice is important to keep up the motivation during the execution • Low posture on toes • Readiness to move and turn • No hitting or kicking allowed

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Offensive player Cone Passing Shooting Without a ball TEAM TACTICS International Floorball Federation Level 2

After teaching the basic skills to the players, the individual tactical skills should be introduced. In the defensive play on offensive zone the most important individual skills are:

• Blocking passing lanes • Steering the ball carrier • Man cover • Space cover • Blocking shots • Doubling (timing)

The aim of fore checking is to control the offensive teams play and make it more difficult for them to open up the game. It can be done by either steering or by giving pressure. These terms are good to go through with the team before the team tactical issues so that they can internalize the individual tactics before performing them in cooperation with the rest of the line up.

Steering Steering means to direct the opponent to a certain area of the court. When the opponent is in the wanted area, the defensive team can create pressure by first one player (man to man) forcing the ball carrier either turn back to the court or to loose the control of the ball. Thereafter another player can support by doubling the ball carrier and help to steal the ball. The aim of the defensive team can also be just to keep the opponent in a poor scoring sector (in their defensive zone, by the rink, behind the goal and in the corners).

Pressure If the ball is lost in the offensive zone, or the defensive team needs to score in order to even the score, they can give pressure to the offensive team. This can be done by one or two, or even three players according to the chosen tactic. The aim is to steal the ball by either creating 1 against 1 situations (man to man defence) or by creating 1 against 2 situations in the offensive zone.

It depends on the player’s ability to read the situation and make decision when to steer and when to give pressure. The decision should be made according to the chosen tactic (determined by the coach), the opponent and game situation. Therefore both ways of achieving the objective, to regain the possession of the ball, should be learned.

Offensive player with Opponent without 34◄ Moving without ball Moving with ball a ball a ball

Offensive player Cone Passing Shooting Without a ball TEAM TACTICS International Floorball Federation

Drill 26 lanes; ball carrier is Objective: allowed to have the • The players should be • To practice all the possession of the ball constantly encoura- individual tactical for 3 seconds (or two ged to play according skills needed in fore touches with the ball) to the rules and the checking before passing or shoo- rules should be strictly ting. Otherwise the followed Organisation: coach whistles and the • Players divided in • In three against three opponent is awarded groups of three (or games the situation with a free-hit. This more with substitute follows each other fast makes it easier for the players) which makes it difficult defensive team to read • Using small court or for the defensive team and block the passing half of the court (two to reorganise. This lanes. goals) as in the picture means the players also • Rules can be defin- must react fast which Execution: ed according to the develops the ability to • Three against three practiced skill and can make fast decisions. game be changed after each • With substitute • The coach signals for shift players, the coach 45-90 second shifts • Last shift can be should see that the • With substitute played without rules to changes run smoothly players, players can see whether different and everybody gets to switch on-the-flow and rules have influenced play no shifts needs to be the game or whet- signalled her the players have • Rules according to the learned anything fore checking tactic: • With younger or less • Man to man defence; experienced players each player has a deci- there is no need to ded opponent to cover. practice more than one If their player scores, or two skills during the mandatory execution same practice to keep of push-ups or sit-ups. the exercise simple • Steering; when the Modifications: team gets the posses- • The coach can come up sion of the ball, they with more variations have to pass backwards according to the skill once. This gives the or tactic that should be defensive team chance developed and time to reorganise. • The rules should howe- One player as a top ver be kept simple and striker keeping the ball the objective should carrier in desired area be made clear for the (in the sides) players • Passive fore checking; the offensive team is Key points: not allowed to pass • The coach should backwards. Therefore carefully explain the the defensive team objective of the rule to only has one passing di- the players for them to rection to block which understand the mea- also means that they ning of the game have to stay between • If the players do not the opponent and their understand the ob- own goal. jective of playing by • Rules in order to prac- a certain rule, they tice certain individual might get frustrated tactical skills: and loose motivation • Blocking shots; the (especially with youn- offensive team has to ger players) shoot after crossing the • The coach can question middle line (marked by the players during and cones if played on half after the exercise to of the court) or pass to make sure that they a player who shoots a have understood the one timer. Therefore objective the defensive team has • The players should be to be ready to block able to transfer the ob- the shots. jective of the drill to a • Blocking passing real game environment

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Offensive player Cone Passing Shooting Without a ball TEAM TACTICS International Floorball Federation

Drill 27 Modifications: Objective: • Can also be played only • To practice doubling as a 2 against 2 game (in offensive zone used where the ball carrier with high pressure has to make a fake fore checking or when before passing to a doubling by the boards) team mate • For the ball carrier to • Good warm up drill practice ball protection without goalkeepers and fakes Key points: Organisation: • The game likeness • Players divided in half of the drill should be (two equal groups) emphasised • The court divided in • A1 becomes the highest half with one group in fore checker after each end shooting the first shot • Players of each group • A2 comes to assist A1 form two lines on in fore checking the middle line, each • B1 tries to win the 2 against 1 situation by group facing their own A2 B1 A1 goal, defenders (B) and protecting the ball and forwards (A) trying to pass to B2 B2 • Forwards with the balls from a tight space • B2 tries to receive a Execution: pass and carry the ball • A1 takes the ball, over the middle line rushes towards the goal Phase.1 • If B2 gets the posses- and shoots sion of the ball, A1 and • The goalkeeper makes A2 should try to back a save and throws the check B2 and regain ball into the corner the possession of the • B1 goes after the ball ball (the objective of and takes possession dribbling the ball pass • A1 and A2 will double the middle line) B1 in the corner • If A1 and A2 gets the • B1 tries to protect the possession of the ball, ball and either dribble B1 and B2 should try to him/herself out of the stop them from scoring corner or pass to B2 by doubling the ball who has moved by the carrier, blocking the rink to assist B1 passing lanes and shots B1 • B1 and B2 play two A1 • Also A1 and A2 have against two with A1 to make a fake before and A2 on a small area passing or shooting (quarter of the court) which gives • The ball carrier has A2 time for B1 and B2 to to make a fake before double the ball carrier passing to a team mate (simulates the defensi- or shooting which will ve zone’s defence) allow the opponent to double the ball carrier • The intensity of doub- in order to steal the ling; players should be ball ready to get close to • B1 and B2 defends and the ball carrier tries to carry the ball • Offences, such as hit- pass the middle line ting the stick or incor- and A1 and A2 tries to rect pushing, should be B2 score avoided • If the defenders suc- • The defenders should ceed to carry the ball be encouraged to make pass the middle line the decision, even with or forwards succeed in a risk of loosing the scoring, the execution ball Phase.2 ends • In case the there is no solution, the coach will signal after 45 to 60 seconds shift • After one execution the players will change lines

Offensive player with Opponent without 36◄ Moving without ball Moving with ball a ball a ball

Offensive player Cone Passing Shooting Without a ball TEAM TACTICS International Floorball Federation Level 3 Level of fore checking This type of fore checking can be high (100 %), semi high Defence in offensive zone (fore checking) can be divided (75 %) or passive (50 %) depending on the level of the in- in two different categories; zone and man to man defence. tensity. The level indicates the level where the defensive In zone defence the defensive team’s movement is determin- team aims to steal the ball and starts the attack. The higher ed by the movement of the ball, where as in man to man the transition occurs, the bigger chance there is to score. defence, the movement is determined by the movement of The percentage is the level of the highest fore checker and the opponent’s players’. Usually the defensive team tactics the area between the levels is the optimal zone for interception. is a mixture of the both zone and man to man defence and especially in the defensive zone and in the slot it is very important for each individual player to make the decision when to cover zone and when to cover man. Both of the tactics can be played by steering or by giving pressure but the most important thing is to teach the players the difference between these two tactics and teach them to choose when to steer and when to give pressure according to the situation.

Zone defence In zone defence the players cover space, which is done by organising the players in certain formation such as 1-2-2, 50.% 2-1-2 or 2-2-1 (starting from the offensive, for example 1- 2-2 means a top striker, two wingers and two defenders). It should be noted that the formations are always starting points for organised defence when the team has time to do so. 1-2-2 can transfer to 2-2-1 or vice versa depending on the situation. The fore checking ends when the ball passes the highest fore 75.% checker where after the defence is referred to defend in the defensive zone. The highest fore checker becomes a back checker.

100.%

High fore checking (100 %) means creating a strong defensive pressure on the offensive zone in order to regain the possession of the ball immediately after loosing it. Another situation when high fore checking is used is when the team needs to score to get even, or against a weaker opponent. Semi high fore checking (75 %) is used against an equal opponent. If the ball is lost in the offensive zone and the opponent clearly has the ball under control, 75 % is a good level to organise the defence on. From there it is also easy to start giving aggressive pressure again if all the passing lanes are blocked and the opponent does not seem to have the ball under control. Passive fore checking (50 %) is used against a superior team. The defence is organised in the defensive zone and the aim is to steer the opponent towards the rink, block the passing lanes to the centre and block the shots. The defensive team relies mainly on interceptions to regain the possession of the ball and attack. The level should vary during the game according to the situation. The players should learn when to give pressure and when to lower down the level of defence. The variation of the intensity level could be determined within the team tactics as well.

Offensive player with Opponent without Moving without ball Moving with ball a ball a ball ►37

Offensive player Cone Passing Shooting Without a ball TEAM TACTICS International Floorball Federation 1-2-2

Formation 1-2-2 can be played with steering or by giving pressure. If the aim is to steer, the ball carrier’s duty is to cut the opponents play area to half and block the passing lanes to the middle and to the other side. Thus the ball carrier is A1 directed towards areas where the defensive team is strongest or where the offensive team’s possibility to score is weakest A2 A3 (picture 1). Usually when the top striker (A1) is directing the ball carrier for example towards the rink on the left side, the left sides winger will lift up to double the ball carrier (picture 2) The weak side’s winger (A3) will cover the centre area and stop the ball carrier from passing to their centre A4 forward. The defenders (A4 and A5) will support the fore A5 checking but should stay alert and at least be aware of the opponent’s moves on the defensive zone, if not take man cover. Another option would be to double the ball carrier with the strong side’s winger (A2) and defender (A4) while the top striker (A1) covers the centre area and the weak Picture 1 side’s winger (A3) lowers down to secure the middle area in front of the net. The weak side’s defender (A5) will support the doubling by covering the area by the rink (pic 3). If the aim is to give pressure, the top striker is pressuring the ball carrier, forcing him/her to either turn back against the court or to make a bad pass. This means that the wingers will have to block the passing lanes and keep close dis- A1 tance to the top striker. The defenders also have to support the forwards by keeping ready for a loose ball or a pass. If the team is giving pressure, the level is usually 100 %. The defensive team can also start from 75 % and then lift up the A2 A3 intensity if the ball carrier is insecure with the ball or not able to pass to a team mate. High pressure fore checking can also be performed after the ball is lost in the offensive A5 zone and the aim is to immediately regain the possession of the ball. This decision, when to lower down the defence and A4 when to give pressure, is up to the players to make and is dependent on the game situation and the determined tactic.

Picture 2

A4 A3

Picture 3

Offensive player with Opponent without 38◄ Moving without ball Moving with ball a ball a ball

Offensive player Cone Passing Shooting Without a ball TEAM TACTICS International Floorball Federation 2-1-2

This formation can also be played by steering and by giving pressure. If the aim is to steer the ball carrier, the formation usually transfers to 1-2-2 where the strong sides top checker becomes a top striker and steers the ball carrier towards the weak side. Thereafter the res- A2 A1 pective side’s top checker will assist in doubling if needed. The situation will continue as in formation 1-2-2. Normally the formation is used to give a more aggressive pressure to the opponent by the two top checkers. The win- A3 gers (A1 and A2) are forcing the ball carrier to make a mistake by blocking the passing lanes to the sides (picture 1). The centre forward (A3) is covering the opponent’s centre for- A5 A4 ward on the centre area to block the ball carriers pass to the centre. The offensive team is forced to lower down the other defender to open up the game (picture 2).The ball is moved to the other side which is followed by that sides winger (A1) giving pressure to the ball carrier while the weak side’s winger (A2) blocks the passing lane by covering the opponents other Picture 1 defender. The defenders will support the fore checking by levelling. The strong sides defender (A4) will lift towards the ball carrier and the weak side’s defender (A5) will secure the slot. The centre forward (A3) will still cover the centre area. If the ball is passed by the rink (picture 3) that side’s winger (A1) will follow the ball. Respective side’s defender (A4) A1 will come towards the ball carrier. Centre forward (A3) will A2 block the passing lanes to the middle while the weak side’s winger (A2) rushes towards the net to assist in defence. The A3 lowest defender (A5) will cover the highest offensive player.

Picture 2

A3 A2

Picture 3

Offensive player with Opponent without Moving without ball Moving with ball a ball a ball ►39

Offensive player Cone Passing Shooting Without a ball TEAM TACTICS International Floorball Federation 2-2-1

Formation 2-2-1 is used either against a weaker opponent or in a game situation when the team is forced to give pressure to the opponent in order to steal the ball and score, for example in a situation when the opponent is leading by one or more goals. A1 The winger on the strong side of the court (A1) is giving A2 pressure to the ball carrier (picture 1). If the ball is played by the rink (picture 2), the respective side winger (A1) and that side’s defensive winger (A3) will give pressure to the ball carrier and double if the ball carrier dribbles. The weak side’s A4 winger (A2) will cover the centre and the defensive winger A3 (A4) will support. The lowest player (A5) secures the slot. All passing lanes to the middle should be blocked but in case the ball is passed to the middle (picture 3) it should A5 be the weak side’s defensive winger (A4) who covers the ball carrier. The lowest player (A5) covers the highest offensive player and the other defensive winger (A3) blocks the movement of the offensive player on his/her side. The highest fore checkers (A1 and A2) are cutting the Picture 1 passing lanes to the offensive defenders by man cover. If the aim is to steer, the strong side’s winger will direct the ball carrier and the situation continues as in formation 1-2-2. In this case the level of fore checking is higher and the pressure more aggressive. The players in the second level should support the fore checking by keeping close distance to the top checkers as they were giving pressure. A1 They have to keep ready for possible loose ball or a pass in case the top checkers manages to steal the ball. If the A2 ball is played pass the top checkers they have to be ready A3 to slow down the opponent’s attack. The lowest player (libero) should secure the defensive zone by first keeping eye contact on the opponent’s top striker and then covering A4 him/her close in case the ball is played pass the middle line. A5 One of the many factors determining the fore checking figure is the way the offensive team is organised. If the opponent is opening with a low triangle, the defensive team usually plays with a top striker. If the opponent is using two defenders in their openings, the recommendati- Picture 2 on for the defensive team is to use two top fore checkers. Another affecting factor is the skill level of the opponent. If the opponent is weaker, the defensive pressure should be high and the way to regain the possession of the ball more aggressive. This could also be achieved with man cover. If the opponent is equal or superior, the defensive tactic should be more passive and the A1 opponent should be steered towards the boards. The defen- A2 sive players should avoid being outplayed by the opponent.

A3 A4

Picture 3

Offensive player with Opponent without 40◄ Moving without ball Moving with ball a ball a ball

Offensive player Cone Passing Shooting Without a ball TEAM TACTICS International Floorball Federation Man to man defence Drill 28 Objective: Modifications: Other type of defence is man cover, which means that each • To practice zone de- • When the players have player has the duty to cover a certain player. Usually the fence learned the roles and defenders cover the wingers, the centre forward covers the • To practice different duties, and are capable fore checking forma- to determine which opponent’s centre forward and the wingers cover the defen- tions as a unit formation to use in ders. Man cover is dependant on the offensive team’s mo- • To practice the move- which situation, they ves and against a moving team physically very demanding. ment while keeping the should be free to do so Man cover is however used in combination with zone formation • In this case the formation and the level defence and is highly recommended in certain are- Organisation: • Five players on each of the fore checking as of the rink, especially in the slot. Also if the defensi- side should be decided ve team aims to give high defensive pressure, the highest • The defensive team by the highest fore fore checkers play man to man to block all the pos- without sticks (or sticks checker and rest of sible passing opportunities and forcing the ball carrier to turned upside down) to the team should play accordingly make a bad decision. The formation naturally depends on emphasise the movement and offensive • The highest fore the opponents opening figure as shown in the pictures. play and avoiding checker should also use The defenders will level and cover space whi- hitting the stick speech to instruct le keeping eye contact on the opponent’s forwards. • Drill can be started Key points: For a successful man to man defence it is ex- by the offensive team • The offensive team from their corner as a should not be too quick tremely important that the players cover their play- free-hit or the goalkee- on their actions in the ers close. To switch the player covered with a team per can pass the ball to beginning mate should only happen under mutual agreement. the corner after a shot • It should be made clear from the defensive to the players which team formation is to be Execution: practiced especially in • The defensive team the beginning will organise themsel- • In this exercise the ves according to the objective is mainly to chosen tactic keep the right forma- • When sticks are not tion and control the used, they should try opponents play by to block the passing moving and covering Pic 1 Pic 2 lanes only by moving space, not to steal the • The coach can also ball stop the drill and place the players in right positions in the beginning if the players are not moving correctly • Different formations should be practiced from different levels (zones of the court) • The coach can for example determine the percentage from where the fore checking is suppose to happen • The coach will determine the length of one attack by signalling

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Offensive player Cone Passing Shooting Without a ball TEAM TACTICS International Floorball Federation

Drill 29 Here are some basic rules to summarize the defensive Objective: Key points: actions on the offensive zone: • To practice zone de- • The players should fence be aware which fore • To practice fore checking formation is 1. Steer the ball carrier towards area where own checking formations as used team is strongest. This way the team has the an unit • First the formation control over the game even without the ball. • To practice levelling used can be determin- of the fore checking ed by the coach but 2. Keep the team together. All the players have to formation can be decided by the participate so that the distances between team Organisation: players as they have mates won’t be too far. With high pressure fore • Five players on each learned all the basic checking towards the defender with the ball, tactics and are able side divided by line-ups the whole team has to give support, otherwise • Balls in the goals to play according to the opponents opening the top striker’s work becomes meaningless. Execution: formation • The goalkeeper throws 3. Support the top striker. The highest fore • The movement of the the ball to the corner checker needs support in case he/she will be players is important • The offensive teams outplayed. In directive fore checking, the top • The highest fore player goes after the checker/s should be in striker does not need as much support as in ball and has to go charge of the intensity high pressure fore checking because the direc- around the goal cage and the level of fore before starting an tive top striker is more angling the ball carrier checking attack to a certain area and has no real risk of being • All intensities should • This gives time for be practiced, also high outplayed. the defensive team pressure fore checking 4. Don’t offend the ball carrier in a way which to position themsel- • The support of all ves in a fore checking will lead to a free-hit. That will make you loose players; no use of the formation the control over the situation and gives the op- top striker to give • Whenever the defen- ponent an opportunity to open up the game. pressure if rest of the sive team (the team team are at distance 5. Avoid directing the ball carrier behind their without the ball) gains with no support in case goal. This gives the ball carrier a chance to the possession of the of possible intercep- ball, the ball has to use the goal as a screen and out play the top tions be dribbled around striker. • The gaps between the goal gage before players should not get 6. Think about the technique. The top striker starting an attack too big giving pressure to the ball carrier has to have • The coach determines • If the highest fore the length of the shifts a low centre of gravity, keep moving and keep checkers will gain the (45-90 sec) the blade on the ground all the time in order possession of the ball to harass the opponent. Modifications: but are unable to pass • The drill can also be it to anyone, the fore started so that the checking is useless teams are lined up so that the offensive team is about five meters from the goal and the defensive team about eight meters from the goal as in picture • The ball is thrown to the corner by the goalkeeper or the coach where after the teams will position themselves accordingly

Offensive player with Opponent without 42◄ Moving without ball Moving with ball a ball a ball

Offensive player Cone Passing Shooting Without a ball TEAM TACTICS International Floorball Federation Defensive play on the defensive zone

Level 1

• If the ball carrier As soon as the ball has passed the highest defensi- Drill 30 Objective: gets near the goal the ve player, the defence is referred to defend in the de- • To practice the defen- defender blocks the fensive zone. Also passive fore checking happens on the sive play in 2 against 1 shot defensive zone, but the difference is that the highest de- situation • Another way is to co- • To practice steering ver the non ball carrier fensive player is still between the ball and the goal. which is almost the The objectives of defence should be made clear to the the ball carrier • To practice blocking same as previous but it players when introducing defensive tactics. It should also passing lanes/man leaves the ball carrier be emphasised that defence consists of cooperation, discip- cover the chance to get into line and willingness to sacrifice oneself. When the players the slot and the defen- Organisation: der does not have time • Players are divided in have realized the main idea, it is easier to motivate them to prevent the shot three lines to learn the technical skills needed in defensive actions. • The defender can also • Two lines of forward cover the ball carrier The individual technical skills needed in good defen- in the corners and and prevent him/her ce are mostly the same as in defence in offensive zone. one line of defenders from passing or shoo- behind the goal with The low posture and ability to block passing lanes and ting by directing the balls shots using both stick and body are crucial when pre- ball carrier to the sides • Two cones near the venting the opponent from scoring. Same drills can • For a technically skilful middle line by the rink be practiced as in the chapter: Fore checking, Level 1. ball carrier it should Execution: however be easy to • The defender B1 passes pass the ball to anot- Level 2 a ball to one of the her forward past the forwards A1 in move- defender The time and space the opponent has to execute any of- ment • The objectives should • B1 moves in front fensive actions should me minimized by steering and giving be emphasised and of the goal ready to the coach should give pressure to the ball carrier and covering the non ball carriers. defend feedback every time • A1 with the ball and A2 the players are not The most important skills to teach to the players re- without a ball will run performing correctly gardless of the chosen tactic are: around the cones and • Each objective should attack against B1 be performed at a time • Steering the ball carrier to wanted areas of the • After the execution in the beginning court the players rotate in • After the players • Blocking passing lanes and shots clock wise order so have understood the • Covering space in the slot and centre that A1 becomes A2, difference of each A2 becomes B1 and B1 • Man cover individual tactic, they becomes A1 can choose one of • Doubling Modifications: them according to the • Readiness to attack • The defenders can also situation line up on the middle • These individual decisi- Defending against the non ball carriers is crucial be- spot with the balls ons should be trans- • The defender makes ferred to the game as cause usually it is the non ball carriers who are the most an easy shot towards well dangerous players in the offensive team. After all it is the goal which the • The same principles much easier to move without the ball than with the ball. goalkeeper saves and apply even in situa- Players should be encouraged to keep eye contact on the passes to one of the tions with more players opponent and not just stare at the ball which usually hap- forwards pens especially with children and less experienced players. Key points: Also see drills 26 and 27. • The coach can de- Also the readiness to attack should be emphasised. When termine whether the the offensive team looses the ball, it is in its most vulne- defender should: rable stage. Therefore at least the forwards should have toes • Block the passing lane pointed towards the opponent’s goal in case of interceptions. and stay between the forwards • Cover the non ball carrier • Steer the ball carrier to the sides and block the shot • The most safest way is to block the passing lane and let the goalkeeper take the shot

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Offensive player Cone Passing Shooting Without a ball TEAM TACTICS International Floorball Federation Level 3

The ways to achieve the objectives of defence in the defensive zone is dependent on the game situation and the skill level of both own team and the opponent. These variables should be taken into consideration when choosing the tactics. To have an equal and consistent tactic in the defensive zone makes it easier for the players to learn and follow. The players should be able to trust each other and the chosen tactics in order to concentrate on their own responsibilities. Each player should also be aware of team mate’s duties regardless of the balls position. The players should avoid offences which lead to free-hits so that the opponent won’t get the chance to turn the play towards the goal. This might happen if the players are trying to steal the ball too aggressively by tackling players or hitting the stick. Better option is to direct the ball carrier towards the rink and prevent the passes and wait for them to make a mistake in order to get the possession of the ball. Same tactical terms are used as in fore checking. Also the principles of steering and giving pressure are the same, only the distances are shorter. The- A1 re should be even less time and space given to the opponent to make decision than in the offensive zone. A2 Zone Defence B2 Drill 30

Man-to- man

Zone defence When players are covering a certain area of the defensive zone, it is called zone defence. This tactic is usually used with formation Dice 5. The defenders are covering the slot and the corners, the centre forward is covering the middle area and the wing forwards are covering respective side’s zones below the middle line.

Man-to-man defence Man-to-man defence is based on each player marking one player to cover. It is physically demanding especially when playing against a moving opponent. The main point is to force the ball carrier to make a mistake by giving pressure to the ball carrier but at the same time to prevent the non ball carriers from receiving the pass.

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Offensive player Cone Passing Shooting Without a ball TEAM TACTICS International Floorball Federation Dice 5 c) behind the goal Dice 5 is the most common formation used in de- • defenders will double the ball carrier fensive zone defence. The middle area is always cove- • centre forward covers the slot red, usually by the centre forward, and when the team is • wingers move towards the slot covering players fore checking 2-1-2, the positions are easily found when and shots also creating passing lanes by the rink the team is getting reorganized in the defensive zone. in case the ball is stolen In passive Dice 5, the team is mostly covering designa- • the doubling has to result in gaining the posses- ted areas. The players are steering the ball carrier into less sion of the ball, otherwise the opponent has a dangerous scoring sectors and waiting for the opponent power play situation in the slot to make a mistake. In more active Dice 5, the team is ai- • if doubling fails and the ball is played to the slot ming to first steer the ball carrier into certain area and then the activity of forwards is crucial (covering man, doubling the player. In this case there is one opponent left blocking passes and shots, clearing space) without cover, but usually it is the weak side’s defender.

When the team is doubling: c) a) in the corners (corner defence) • strong side’s defender is harassing the ball carrier to the corner • centre forward comes to assist • weak side’s defender covers the slot • weak sides winger helps covering the slot, ready to attack in case the ball is stolen which will leave the respective sides offensive defender without cover The timing of doubling is very important no matter whe- • strong sides forward moves towards the corner re the power play situation is created. The ball carrier has to by the rink to create a passing lane in case the hold the possession of the ball. All passing lanes should be ball is stolen and in case of a loose ball (ready to blocked in order for the ball carrier to be forced to dribble, attack) or even better, turn back against the court. Even a small sign of hesitation, such as turning the ball to the backhand a) side, should trigger the doubling effect. If the ball carrier however has a good opportunity to pass, there is no use of outplaying oneself by giving pressure with two players. Therefore the importance of timing should be emphasised. After succeeding in stealing the ball, the best option is to pass to create a counter attack. Therefore there should be at least one passing direction near to the situation. These b) by the rink (on the sides) passing direction are mar��ked with arrows in the pictures. • strong sides winger directs the ball carrier by the rink • strong sides defender will move towards the ball carrier to assist in doubling • centre forward will move closer to create a passing lane or to get the possession in case of loose ball (ready to attack), and to prevent the opponent from passing backwards • weak sides defender covers the slot and keeps eye contact on the opponent • weak sides winger moves�� closer to the ball keeping eye on the offensive defender, blocking possible passing lanes and being ready to attack in case of stealing the ball

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Offensive player Cone Passing Shooting Without a ball TEAM TACTICS International Floorball Federation 1-2-2 on the opponents’ players This formation is not so much used in the defen- • weak sides winger covers the middle area ready sive zone. The risk lies on the empty middle area with- to block passing lanes to the centre and to inter- out coverage from the centre forward. The forma- cept passes and attack tion is basically the same as the fore checking figure. • all defensive players should keep awareness of In steering, the top striker directs the ball carrier first the opponents moves to the sides and blocks the passing lane between the opponent’s defenders (picture ��1). The wingers will block the a) passing lanes by the rink and to the middle. Strong sides winger directs the ball carrier by blocking the passing lanes to the centre. Weak sides winger covers the centre ready for interceptions. The defenders follow the ball carrier in distance to the corners but not behind the goal (picture 2). If the ball carrier is moving behind the goal, the defen- b) by the rink ders will block the passing lanes to the slot but avoiding • top striker directs the ball carrier by the rink collision with the goalkeeper (picture 3). The slot should be • respective sides winger will move towards the strictly covered. The players defending against the non ball rink and blocking the ball carrier within the carriers should keep awarenes��s of the opponent at all times. rules • top striker assist in doubling • weak sides winger covers the middle area ready Picture.1 to turn to attack in case of a pass, a stolen or a loose ball • weak sides defender covers the slot keeping eye on the opponents’ forwards

Picture.2

c) behind the goal • both defenders double the ball carrier behind the goal • wingers will cover the slot preventing any passes through the middle and any possible shots if the ball is played in front of the net • top striker covers the middle area by man cover, blocking passing lanes and being ready to turn Picture.3 to attack in case of a stolen or a loose ball (no passing to the middle area)

In active play the aim is to steal the ball by creating area power play situations as previous. The timing of doubling should be emphasised as well as When the team is doubling: the readiness to attack in case the defensive team gets the a) in the corners possession of the ball. • strong sides defender and respective sides winger Other variations double the ball carrier The coach can also come up with own variations how to • top striker moves towards the rink ready to turn organise the defence on the defensive zone. As long as the to attack in case of a pass, a stolen or a loose ball responsibilities that the tactic demands to succeed are clear • weak sides defender covers the slot keeping eye to the players and the players have learned to play according to the tactic, the defence should be unbeatable. Offensive player with Opponent without 46◄ Moving without ball Moving with ball a ball a ball

Offensive player Cone Passing Shooting Without a ball TEAM TACTICS International Floorball Federation

Drill 31 • Emphasis on certain Transition from offence to defence Objective: tactical things deter- • To practice defensive mined by the coach A very dangerous situation is formed when a team loo- zones defence in a unit • If the defensive team gets the possession of ses the ball in the offensive zone and the opponent has the • To practice different chance to execute a fast counter attack. Therefore the ability formations and objecti- the ball, they will re- ves (passive/active) turn it to the offensive to organise the defence quickly after loosing ball can be a st- team rength for the team. This has to be explained, and practiced, Organisation: • After a certain period • The players are divided if the team wants to avoid fast counter attacks. Minimizing of time (1-2 minutes), in line-ups or just the coach signals and the risk of loosing the ball is the first thing to emphasise groups of five players if the defensive team but in case it fails, the two most important things are first • Executed in one end gets the possession or both ends if enough to slow down the attack and then to organise the defensive. of the ball they are players and more than allowed to make one one coach counter attack which Level 1 • In the beginning only should end up in a shot one line-up in the rink • This emphasises the at a time Players should understand the meaning and objectives of readiness to attack as defence when teaching the transition�� phase. Each player in Execution: well as finishing the • Phase 1. attack the court should be aware of the responsibilities they have • Five defensive players • The coach stops the where after the individual skills can be introduced and de- on the court positio- execution with a signal veloped. The players should be able to change the direction ned according to the in case there is no of movement quickly and turn over to defence. Harassing chosen tactic interception • The coach has the ball • The coach can deter- the opponent with stick and body movement should also be by the middle line mine where to start practiced. Players should be encouraged to run as fast as pos- • The coach moves the execution in order sible towards own goal so also speed is needed. These skills with the ball and the to practice doubling: can be practiced by coordination runs with and without the players move according Behind the goal stick and with similar drills as in chapters: Fore checking; to the situation In the corner • All different situations level 1, and Transition from defence�� to offence; level 1. Key points: should be covered and • Three phases according options to solve the to the level of the situations given players • The players should • The coach should de- first move without termine which tactical instructions and in case issues are emphasised they fail to perform as during each execution: wanted, the coach gi- • Active defence by ves further instructions doubling (different • To emphasise the areas) movement, the players • Passive defence by can play without sticks directing and blocking in the beginning passing lanes • Phase 2. • Blocking shots etc. • Five against five play in • To motivate players, one end the objectives should • The players are not be explained carefull allowed to run to • The coach should use emphasise the right questioning when movement of the de- instructing players fensive team in order to make the • The coach should give players think inde- further instructions pendently, such as in case the players asking the players: are not making right “Where should you be decisions or moving if the ball carrier is po- correctly (according to sitioned in the corner?” the tactic) • If the defensive team gets the possession of the ball, they should return it to the offensive team • Teams switch when coach signals • Phase 3. • Five against five play in one end

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Offensive player Cone Passing Shooting Without a ball TEAM TACTICS International Floorball Federation Level 2 Drill 32 Objective: • After the execution Individual tactical skills are the same no matter what tactic • To practice defending the lines will rotate so is used. The main objective is to first slow down the oppo- against a quick attack that A1 becomes A2, A2 becomes B1 and B1 nents attack by: • To practice the individual skills needed in becomes A1 transition to defence Modifications: • Giving pressure to the ball carrier by the closest Organisation: • If executed only in one player • Players form three end, the passer (B2) • Directing ball carrier to a less dangerous area lines in the corner can become a back • Blocking passing lanes especially to the slot and • Two offensive lines and checker • After the pass the pas- shots one line of defenders • Can be executed simul- ser will assist B1 in the • Covering players and space especially in the slot taneously in both cor- defence and the central area ners if enough players • The lines will rotate • Cones placed in the so that B1 becomes B2 and B2 becomes A1 When the player closest to the ball carrier is slowing down centre as in the picture Key points: the attack, it is up to the rest of the defensive team to Execution: • First ones on the lines; • The defender should organise the defensive figure. two forwards (A1 and turn around and face A2) and one defender the attack (B1) will start simul- • The defender B1 should taneously running make a decision whet- towards the centre her to steer the ball • They will run around carrier and block the the cones while one of passing lane and shot the forwards will recei- or to cover the non ball ve a pass from the op- carrier posite corners second • The main objective defender (B2) on the however is to slow line (when executed in down the ball car- both ends, otherwise rier and wait for the the coach can be the back checker’s sup- passer) port (when the back • The players will attack checker is used) 2 against 1 towards the • The back checker net in the same end should rush to the net of the rink where they fast as possible to sup- left port the defence • The forwards should be encouraged to use the width of the rink

B1 A2 A1

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Offensive player Cone Passing Shooting Without a ball TEAM TACTICS International Floorball Federation Level 3 Drill 33 Objective: Modifications: • To practice the indivi- • Can also be simplified Each player in different position has his/her own du- dual skills needed in to a normal 3 against 2 ties in the transition phase. These duties are determin- transition from offence attack ed by the tactic and should be explained first to the who- to defence Key points: le team, and then enforced to the players individually. • To practice slowing • The game situation down the attack roles could be revised The place where the ball is lost also determi- Organisation: before the execution in nes the responsibilities and options players have. • One line of defenders order to remind of the If the highest player for example looses the ball in the of- by the goal (B3) duties in each role fensive zone, and is not able to immediately regain the pos- • One line of forwards by • The situation simulates session of the ball, he/she becomes a back checker. If the op- the middle line (A1, A2 a counter attack after and A3) loosing the possession ponent opens up the play fast by passing, the player should • Two defenders posi- of the ball in the offen- obviously try to block the passing lane. If the ball carrier tioned almost by the sive zone dribbles, the player should try to slow him/her down in order middle line ready to • One of the defenders for the rest of the players to get organised in the defensive defend against B1 and should steer the ball B2 carrier and the other formation. The more in the middle the ball is lost, the more Execution: one should rush to the dangerous the opponents attack will become. Therefore the • The forwards will start net to cover space and players should be strictly advised to keep the concentration by running towards the man in the slot and not loose the ball at least on the defensive or middle zone. middle • Blocking space and If the player is not sure what to do after loosing the ball, the shots should be empha- • B3 passes to one of the safest action is to rush towards own goal to defend. The de- forwards sised • B3 will follow the pass • The defenders should fensive players should remain between the ball and own goal. and becomes a back be advised to slow It is up to the coach which tactic is used in the defensive zone, checker down the attack so which will mostly describe the duties and positions of the players. • A1, A2 and A3 will at- that the back checker tack against B1 and B2 has time to rush and • After the execution the support the defence players will rotate so that the defenders be- Also see drills 19 and 20, comes forwards and A1 and A2 becomes B1 and modifications. B2 and A3 becomes B3

A3 A2

B1 B2

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Offensive player Cone Passing Shooting Without a ball TEAM TACTICS International Floorball Federation

Drill 34 Objective: Key points: C • To practice transition • The different game in a unit with all five situation roles should players be revised Phase 1 • For the defensive team • The player defending to practice defending against the ball carrier against a power play should slow down the attack ball and steer the • For the offensive team player to the sides and to practice fast attack block passes and shots with all five players • The players defending against the non ball Organisation: A5 B2 • Five offensive players carriers should cover B1 (A1-5) positioned ready space and man in the to attack slot by blocking passes A3 • Three defensive and shots A4 B3 players (B1-3), from • The defensive players A2 which two are de- should keep an eye fenders and one is a contact also to the A1 G forward offensive non ball car- • Two defensive players riers and not only look B4 B5 (B4 and B5) behind the at the ball opponent’s goal gage • The offensive non ball carriers movement • Balls in the goal C • A coach (or a player) should be followed because they are the in the other end of the Phase 2 court with more balls one’s likely to shoot A5 B1 • The back checkers • The teams can be B3 divided according to should run to the de- B2 A2 players’ positions or fensive zone as fast as line-ups or can switch possible to support the positions (especially attack A3 in the beginning or if • All the defensive A4 B4 B5 players should have the positions are not A1 determined) the readiness to attack when they get the Execution: chance • The goalkeeper starts • The meaning of both by passing a ball to one defending and at- of the offensive players tacking with all five • The offensive team players should be will attack five against emphasised three • The two defensive players, B4 and B5, are supposed to support the defence (back check) after the ball C has passed the middle line Phase 3 • After a goal is scored, the ball is saved by the goalkeeper, ball is shot out of boundaries or the defensive gets the possession of the ball, B1 the coach will pass another ball to the defensive team that will B3 in their turn launch a B2 fast attack five against five A5 A2 • After the attack the coach will end the exe- A3 B4 cution with a signal A4 A1 B5

Offensive player with Opponent without 50◄ Moving without ball Moving with ball a ball a ball

Offensive player Cone Passing Shooting Without a ball TEAM TACTICS International Floorball Federation Here are some common rules that should apply in defence against counter attacks:

1. Defenders should always head from the centre directing the ball carrier towards the rink. Shots from the sides are far less dangerous and passing alternatives worse than from the centre. 2. Defenders should slow down the opponent by either backing up with the non ball carriers or directing the ball carrier towards the side of the rink. In both cases the defenders are giving time for the other players to organise in defensive formation. 3. In case the opponent has a power play attack, the defensive players should block the passing alternatives while the direct shot is saved by the goalkeeper. 4. The defensive forwards should reach the defensive zone before the opponent to quickly assist the defence by covering space and therefore decreasing the opponents play area.

Conclusion

To perform a working team tactics demands mastering individual tactical skills as well as organized cooperation between the players. The coach is responsible for provi- ding the team such environment that both of these are practiced during each training session. There is not one specific tactic that would be perfect for every team but by teaching the team how to read the game, each tactic can be easily performed and adjusted for every team. By leading the team towards the main goal step by step will make any team perfect.

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Offensive player Cone Passing Shooting Without a ball TEAM TACTICS International Floorball Federation

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