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Pyramid of Unas : 11 Unas (Unis)(C. 2356
11 : Pyramid of Unas . Unas (Unis)(c. 2356 - 2323 BC) was the last king of the Fifth Dynasty. The pyramid dedicated to this king lies to the south of the Step Pyramid. The Pyramid of Unas (Unis) is in poor condition however, the burial chambers are worth the visit. In this chamber, you will find the earliest Egyptian funerary texts carved into the walls and filled with a blue pigment. These are referred to as the Pyramid Texts. They are the rituals and hymns that were said during the in the walls of the pyramids. burial. Before this time, nothing was engraved The pyramid, when it was complete stood about 62 ft (18.5 m). The core of the pyramid was loose blocks and rubble and the casing was of limestone. Today it looks like a pile of dirt and rubble, especially from the east side. Although the outside of the pyramid is in ruin, the inside is still sound. You may enter the pyramid from the north side. Trying to block the way, are three huge slabs of granite. Once inside the chamber, you will find the Pyramid Texts that were intended to help the pharaoh's soul in the afterworld. They were to help the soul find Re, the sun god. 12 : Pyramid of Pepi II . South Saqqara is completely separate from Saqqara. It is located about 1km south of the pyramid of Sekhemkhet, which is the most southern of all the pyramids in Saqqara. South Saqqara was founded in the 6th Dynasty (2345 - 2181 BC) by the pharaohs. -
The Organization of the Pyramid Texts
The Organization of the Pyramid Texts Harold M. Hays - 9789004227491 Downloaded from Brill.com09/26/2021 09:57:14AM via free access Probleme der Ägyptologie Herausgegeben von Wolfgang Schenkel Antonio Loprieno und Joachim Friedrich Quack 31. BAND The titles published in this series are listed at brill.nl/pae Harold M. Hays - 9789004227491 Downloaded from Brill.com09/26/2021 09:57:14AM via free access The Organization of the Pyramid Texts Typology and Disposition (Volume One) By Harold M. Hays Leiden • BostoN The titles published in this series are listed at brill.nl/pae 2012 Harold M. Hays - 9789004227491 Downloaded from Brill.com09/26/2021 09:57:14AM via free access The digital edition of this title is published in Open Access. Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Hays, Harold M. The organization of the pyramid texts : typology and disposition / by Harold M. Hays. v. cm. — (Probleme der Ägyptologie, ISSN 0169-9601 ; 31. Bd.) Includes bibliographical references and index. ISBN 978-90-04-21865-9 (set : alk. paper) — ISBN 978-90-04-23001-9 (v. 1 : alk. paper) — ISBN 978-90-04-22749-1 (e-book) — ISBN 978-90-04-23002-6 (v. 2 : alk. paper) — ISBN 978-90-04-22749-1 (e-book) 1. Pyramid texts. 2. Egyptian literature—History and criticism. I. Title. II. Series: Probleme der Ägyptologie ; 31. Bd. PJ1553.H39 2012 299’.3182—dc23 2012006795 ISSN 0169-9601 ISBN 978 90 04 21865 9 (hardback, set) ISBN 978 90 04 23001 9 (hardback, volume 1) ISBN 978 90 04 23002 6 (hardback, volume 2) ISBN 978 90 04 22749 1 (e-book) Copyright 2012 by Koninklijke Brill NV, Leiden, The Netherlands. -
Geometry and Perspective in the Landscape of the Saqqara Pyramids
GEOMETRY AND PERSPECTIVE IN THE LANDSCAPE OF THE SAQQARA PYRAMIDS MAGLI Giulio, (I) Abstract. A series of peculiar, visual alignments between the pyramids of the pharaohs of the 4th , the 5th and the 6th Egyptian dynasties exists. These alignments governed from the very beginning the planning of the funerary monuments of successive kings and, in some cases, led to establish building sites in quite inconvenient locations from the technical viewpoint. Explaining the topography of these monuments means therefore also investigating on their symbolic motivations: religion, power, dynastic lineage and social context, as well as getting insights on the skills of the ancient architects in astronomy and geometry. In the present paper we focus on the relationships between the Old Kingdom pyramids at Saqqara. Key words. Ancient astronomy. Ancient and sacred geometry. Egyptian pyramids. Mathematics Subject Classification: Primary 01A16, 51-03. 1 Introduction th It is known since the 19 century that an interesting feature exists in the layouts of the pyramids of th the 4 dynasty at Giza: the presence of a “main axis” connecting the south-east corners of the three main monuments and directed to the area where the ancient temple of the sun of Heliopolis once stood, on the opposite bank of the Nile [1,2,3]. This line is connected with a process of “solarisation” of the pharaohs which started with Khufu, the builder of the Great Pyramid, and th lasted up Menkaure, the builder of the third Giza pyramid [4,5]. The kings of the 5 dynasty moved - in spite of the presence of several favorable places to the immediate south of Giza - some 7 Kms apart on the plateau of Abusir. -
Maspero Gaston Manual of Eg
CORNELL UNIVERSITY LIBRARY FINE ARTS LIBRARY CORNELL UNIVERSITY LIBRARY 3 1924 102 198 896 Cornell University Library The original of this book is in the Cornell University Library. There are no known copyright restrictions in the United States on the use of the text. http://www.archive.org/cletails/cu31924102198896 In compliance with current Copyright law, Cornell University Library produced this replacement volume on paper that meets the ANSI Standard Z39.48-1992 to replace the irreparably deteriorated original. 2005 Coflege of Architecture Library Cornf'l I-'ivi-rsity CORNELL UNIVERSITY LIBRARY BOUGHT WITH THE INCOME OF THE SAGE ENDOWMENT FUND GIVEN IN 1 8^1 BY HENRY WILLIAMS SAGE MANUAL OF EGYPTIAN ARCHEOLOGY. MANUAL OF Egyptian Archeology AND ®uii)e tff i|e Stiibg of Antiquities iir ®0pt. FOR THE USE OF STUDENTS AND TRAVELLERS. BY SIR G. MASPERO, D.C.L., OxoN., MEMBER OF THE INSTITUTE OF FRANCE ; PROFESSOR AT THE COLLEGE DE FRANCE ; DIRECTOR-GENERAL OF THE SERVICE OF ANTIQUITIES IN EGYPT. TRANSLATED AND ENLARGED BY AGNES S. JOHNS. SIXTH ENGLISH EDITION. JlSaitI) Cfiree jl^uiiSrplr aiiti jToilasCriDo Kllustrations, - LON]:)ON: H. GREVEL AND CO. NEW YORK : G. P. PUTNAM'S SONS 1914 PRINTED BV HAZELL, WATSON AND VINEY, LD., LONDON AND AYLEBBDRY. PREFACE TO THE SIXTH EDITION. TO put this book into English, and thus to hand it on to thousands who might not otherwise have enjoyed it, has been to me a very congenial and interesting task. It would be difficult, I imagine, to point to any work of its scope and character which is better calculated to give lasting delight to all classes of readers. -
Palarch's Journal of Archaeology of Egypt/Egyptology 7(6), 2010
Miatello, Khufu’s Grand Gallery PalArch’s Journal of Archaeology of Egypt/Egyptology, 7(6) (2010) Examining thE grand gallEry in thE Pyramid of Khufu and its fEaturEs Luca Miatello* *Via garibaldi 18 22070 albiolo, Co, italy [email protected] Miatello, Luca. 2010. Examining the grand gallery in the Pyramid of Khufu and its features. – Palarch’s Journal of archaeology of Egypt/Egyptology 7(6) (2010), 1-36. issn 1567-214x. 36 pages + 14 figures, 3 tables (incl.a ppendix). Keywords: old Kingdom architecture, royal funerary complexes, pyramid of Khufu, grand gallery, architecture and decoration programme AbstrAct the explanation of the symmetrical features on the west and east sides of the grand gal- lery in the pyramid of Khufu has always been an intricate puzzle for researchers. the existence of such peculiar features is generally related to the function of parking the granite plugs, but only three or four granite blocks were presumably used to plug the ascending corridor, while a much larger number of slots and niches are found in the gal- lery. Previous interpretations of niches, slots, cuttings and grooves are unsatisfactory, and the present investigation focuses on important, formerly neglected aspects. the analysis of numerical patterns in the design of the grand gallery provides crucial evidence, and a new interpretation of the features in the gallery is, therefore, proposed, by considering the numerous variables implied in the problem. the grand gallery in the pyramid of Khufu, still today block the ascending corridor. how- with its astonishing corbelled ceiling made of ever, previous interpretations of the functions huge limestone blocks, has no parallel in in- of the peculiar features on the west and east ternal passages of pyramid tombs. -
Inclinations of Egyptian Pyramids and Finding of the Divine Essence
Archaeoastronomy and Ancient Technologies 2015, 3(1), 1-27; http://aaatec.org/art/a_gs1 www.aaatec.org ISSN 2310-2144 Inclinations of Egyptian Pyramids and Finding of the Divine Essence Stanislav Arkadievich Grigoriev Institute of History and Archaeology, Chelyabinsk, Russian Federation; e-mail: [email protected] Abstract The aim of this research is discovery of astronomical reasons in orientation of slopes of Egyptian pyramids used as tombs for pharaohs of Ancient Egypt. The article contains results of statistical analysis of change in inclination of slopes of the pyramids (3rd – 2nd millennia BC) depending on time of their building. The first year of the corresponding pharaoh‟s reign has been accepted, as usually it is considered that building of pyramids ones started during either the first or second year of the reign. On the base of the obtained results a conclusion has been drawn that the average annual change of the angle of slopes of pyramids was close to value of the precession of the equinoxes. The sides were directed to the Sun at culmination, but a day for this procedure was chosen by the acronical rising of some stars after the autumnal equinox. In the course of research days of heliacal and acronical risings of some mythologically important stars have been determined for the first year of pharaohs reign. Within framework of the suggested hypothesis, the received days have been compared with days when the Sun was at culmination at height equal to the angle of slopes of a corresponding pyramid. Such comparison has made possible to discover that the inclination of the slopes of the earliest pyramids was connected with acronical rising of star Betelgeuse that has been connected with Osiris cult. -
Portico Avances 1029 Egiptología 82
Muñoz Seca, 6. 50005 Zaragoza (España) P.O. Box 503. 50080 Zaragoza (Spain) AVANCES www.porticolibrerias.es 1029 Fax (+34) 976 353 226 de PÓRTICO LIBRERÍAS Tel.: 976 557 039 • 976 350 303 • 976 357 007 4 de mayo de 2011 Fundada en 1945 Responsable de la Sección: Carmen Alcrudo Dirige: José Miguel Alcrudo EGIPTOLOGÍA 82 01 Ägypten und Levante. Internationale Zeitschrift für ägyptische Archäologie und deren Nachbargebiete, 20 — 2010 2010 – 463 pp., fig., lám.col. € 103,00 ÍNDICE: A. Ahrens: A stone vesel of princess Itakayet of the 12th dynasty from tomb VII at Tell Mišrife/Qat.na (Syria) — A. Ashmawy Ali: Tell el-Yahudia: new information from unpublished excavations — E. Breyer: Hethitologische Bemerkungen zum Keilschrift «Zipfel» aus Qantir/Pi-Ramesse — J. Budka: Varianz im Regelwerk. Bestattungsabläufe im Monumentalgrab von Anch-Hor, Obersthofmeister der Gottesgemahlin Nitokris (TT 414) — M. H. Feldman / C. Sauvage: Objects of prestige? Chariots in the late bonze age eastern Mediterranean and Near East — H. Genz & al.: A middle bronze age burial from Tell Fadous- Kfarabida, Lebanon — A. Hassler: Mykenische Keramik aus verlorenen Kontexten – die Grabung L. Loats in Gurob — C. Jurman: Ein Siegelring mit kryptographischer Inschrift in Bonn — C. Knoblauch: Preliminary report on the early bronze age III pottery from contexts of the 6th dynasty in the Abydos middle cemetery — L. Morgan: A pride of leopards: a unique aspect of the Hunt frieze from Tell el-Dabca — L. Morgan: An aegean griffin in Egypt: the Hunt frieze al Tell el-Dabca — N. Marinatos: Lions from Tell el Dabca — T. Mühlenbruch: Eine mykenische Bügelkanne aus Ägypten in Marburg und ihre Implikationen für den Handel zwischen Sügelkanne und dem östlichen Mittelmeerraum in SH III B2 — J. -
Manual of Egyptian Archaeology and Guide to the Study of Antiquities In
CORNELL UNIVERSITY LIBRARY FINE ARTS LIBRARY CORNELL UNIVERSITY LIBRARY 3 1924 102 198 896 Cornell University Library The original of this book is in the Cornell University Library. There are no known copyright restrictions in the United States on the use of the text. http://www.archive.org/cletails/cu31924102198896 In compliance with current Copyright law, Cornell University Library produced this replacement volume on paper that meets the ANSI Standard Z39.48-1992 to replace the irreparably deteriorated original. 2005 Coflege of Architecture Library Cornf'l I-'ivi-rsity CORNELL UNIVERSITY LIBRARY BOUGHT WITH THE INCOME OF THE SAGE ENDOWMENT FUND GIVEN IN 1 8^1 BY HENRY WILLIAMS SAGE MANUAL OF EGYPTIAN ARCHEOLOGY. MANUAL OF Egyptian Archeology AND ®uii)e tff i|e Stiibg of Antiquities iir ®0pt. FOR THE USE OF STUDENTS AND TRAVELLERS. BY SIR G. MASPERO, D.C.L., OxoN., MEMBER OF THE INSTITUTE OF FRANCE ; PROFESSOR AT THE COLLEGE DE FRANCE ; DIRECTOR-GENERAL OF THE SERVICE OF ANTIQUITIES IN EGYPT. TRANSLATED AND ENLARGED BY AGNES S. JOHNS. SIXTH ENGLISH EDITION. JlSaitI) Cfiree jl^uiiSrplr aiiti jToilasCriDo Kllustrations, - LON]:)ON: H. GREVEL AND CO. NEW YORK : G. P. PUTNAM'S SONS 1914 PRINTED BV HAZELL, WATSON AND VINEY, LD., LONDON AND AYLEBBDRY. PREFACE TO THE SIXTH EDITION. TO put this book into English, and thus to hand it on to thousands who might not otherwise have enjoyed it, has been to me a very congenial and interesting task. It would be difficult, I imagine, to point to any work of its scope and character which is better calculated to give lasting delight to all classes of readers. -
Egyptian Kings (Dynasties I - Xvii) 1
VOLUME III A PROSOFOGRAPHICAL REGISTER OF THE WIVES OF THE EGYPTIAN KINGS (DYNASTIES I - XVII) 1 PROSOPOGRAPHICAL.OUTLINE OF THE WIVES OF THE KINGS DYNASTIES I - XVII DYNASTY I QUEEN NT-HTP Temp. Narmer to Aha; Weeks (JARCE 9 [1971], p.31) has pointed out that the facade decoration on the tomb at Naqada, and mastaba 3357 at Saqqara have identical niche patterns to the decoration in the facade wall recently found at Hierakonpolis. Both the niche design, and the dimensions of the niches were identical. These monuments all date, in his opinion, to the time of Aha. Tomb: There is some doubt about this. While Emery and others consider that Nt-htp’s tomb is the great mastaba at Naqada, other scholars (such as Kemp, Kaiser) prefer to leave it unassigned. Kaplony (IAF, p.592) considers that this tomb belongs to a person he identifies as Prince Rhjt. There is no certainty, however, that Rhjt was a prince - indeed, it would be an odd name for a prince to be given, since the consistent usage of the word possibly means ’the lower classes’ (see Gardiner, Onomastica, 1.232, pp.98 - 111) - and there is no certainty that any person named Rhjt was the owner of this tomb. For further discussion see Chapter 4. While it is appreciated that the queen’s claim to this tomb is doubtful, the tomb-owner is likely to be the name most frequently found on the important dedications. In this case the frequency of Nt-htp’s name on the jewellery and vase sherds, and the presence of her seal in the tomb suggest she might have been the owner. -
Journal of Egyptian Archaeology, Vol. 78, 1992
THE JOURNAL OF Egyptian Archaeology VOLUME 78 1992 PUBLISHED BY THE JOURNAL OF Egyptian Archaeology VOLUME 78 PUBLISHED BY THE EGYPT EXPLORATION SOCIETY 3 DOUGHTY MEWS, LONDON WC1N2PG 1992 CONTENTS PAGE EDITORIAL FOREWORD v MEMPHIS, 1991 Lisa Giddy and David Jeffreys .... 1 MEMPHIS 1991: EPIGRAPHY Jaromir Malek and Stephen Quirke . 13 PRELIMINARY REPORT OF THE FIRST SEASON OF WORK AT GEBEL EL-HARIDI, 1991-2 .... Christopher J. Kirby . 19 MARL CLAY POTTERY FABRICS OF THE NEW KINGDOM J. D. Bourriau and P. T. FROM MEMPHIS, SAQQARA AND AMARNA . Nicholson ... 29 THE CENOTAPH OF THE SEKWASKHET FAMILY FROM SAQQARA Aly Abdalla. -93 THE PSS-KF AND THE 'OPENING OF THE MOUTH' CEREMONY: A RITUAL OF BIRTH AND REBIRTH . Ann Macy Roth . 113 WHEN JUSTICE FAILS: JURISDICTION AND IMPRECATION IN ANCIENT EGYPT AND THE NEAR EAST . Jan Assmann . 149 LITERARY FORM AND THE TALE OF THE ELOQUENT PEASANT R. B. Parkinson . 163 PAINTED PAVEMENTS IN THE GREAT PALACE AT AMARNA Fran Weatherhead . 179 AGRICULTURAL ACTIVITY BY THE WORKMEN OF DEIR EL-MEDINA Andrea McDowell . 195 THE ADOPTION PAPYRUS IN SOCIAL CONTEXT . C.J. Eyre .... 207 ROYAL ICONOGRAPHY AND DYNASTIC CHANGE, 750- 525 BC: THE BLUE AND CAP CROWNS . Anthony Leahy . 223 MERIT BY PROXY: THE BIOGRAPHIES OF THE DWARF DJEHO AND HIS PATRON TJAIHARPTA . John Baines. .241 CYRIL ALDRED T. G.H.James . 259 MUSEUM ACQUISITIONS, 1990 ..... Eleni Vassilika . 267 BRIEF COMMUNICATIONS THE SIR GARDNER WILKINSON PAPERS: AN UPDATE . Jason Thompson. 273 STELAE OF THE MIDDLE AND NEW KINGDOMS IN THE MUSEUM OF ARCHAEOLOGY AND ANTHROPOLOGY, UNIVERSITY OF CAMBRIDGE Aidan Dodson . 274 YET AGAIN THE WAX CROCODILE: P. -
Research Article
Journal of Scientific Exploration, Vol. 34, No. 2, pp. 209–232, 2020 0892-3310/20 RESEARCH ARTICLE A New Model to Explain the Alignment of Certain Ancient Sites Mark J. Carlotto Submitted July 19, 2019; Accepted September 4, 2019; Published June 30, 2020 https://doi.org/10.31275/2020/1619 Creative Commons License CC-BY-NC Abstract—In a previous study of more than two hundred ancient sites, the alignments of almost half of the sites could not be explained. These sites are distributed throughout the world and include the majority of Mesoamerican pyramids and temples that are misaligned with respect to true north, megalithic structures at several sites in Peru’s Sacred Valley, some pyramids in Lower Egypt, and numerous temples in Upper Egypt. A new model is proposed to account for the alignment of certain unex- plained sites based on an application of Charles Hapgood’s hypothesis that global patterns of climate change over the past 100,000 years could be the result of displacements of the Earth’s crust and corresponding shifts of the geographic poles. It is shown that more than 80% of the un- explained sites reference four locations within 30° of the North Pole that are correlated with Hapgood’s hypothesized pole locations. The align- ments of these sites are consistent with the hypothesis that if they were built in alignment with one of these former poles they would be mis- aligned to north as they are now as the result of subsequent geographic pole shifts. Keywords: ancient sites; pyramid alignment; pole shifts INTRODUCTION In a previous study of ancient sites, the alignments of almost half of the sites could not be explained (Carlotto, 2020). -
Texts from the Pyramid Age Frontstrud.Qxd 8/8/2005 4:25 PM Page Ii
frontStrud.qxd 8/8/2005 4:25 PM Page i Texts from the Pyramid Age frontStrud.qxd 8/8/2005 4:25 PM Page ii Society of Biblical Literature Writings from the Ancient World Theodore J. Lewis, General Editor Associate Editors Edward Bleiberg Billie Jean Collins F. W. Dobbs-Allsopp Edward L. Greenstein Jo Ann Hackett Ronald J. Leprohon Niek Veldhuis Raymond Westbrook Number 16 Texts from the Pyramid Age by Nigel C. Strudwick Edited by Ronald J. Leprohon frontStrud.qxd 8/8/2005 4:25 PM Page iii Texts from the Pyramid Age by Nigel C. Strudwick Edited by Ronald J. Leprohon Society of Biblical Literature Atlanta frontStrud.qxd 8/8/2005 4:25 PM Page iv TEXTS FROM THE PYRAMID AGE Copyright © 2005 Society of Biblical Literature All rights reserved. No part of this work may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying and recording, or by means of any information storage or retrieval system, except as may be expressly permitted by the 1976 Copyright Act or in writing from the pub- lisher. Requests for permission should be addressed in writing to the Rights and Permissions Office, Society of Biblical Literature, 825 Houston Mill Road, Atlanta, GA 30329 USA. The Semitica transliteration font used in this work is available from Linguist Software (www.linguist software.com), 425-775-1130. Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Strudwick, Nigel. Texts from the pyramid age / by Nigel C. Strudwick. p. cm. — (Writings from the ancient world ; no. 16) Includes bibliographical references and index.