Preventing Cold Stress in CATTLE

The magazine of modern homesteading

& Small Stock Journal Volume 104 • Number 1 JANUARY/FEBRUARY

Preventing Cold Stress IN CATTLE

BARN BATTERY MAKING HOMEMADE FIRE MAINTENANCE KOMBUCHA CHICKEN SAFETY TIPS AT HOME FEED

Plus 2020 Herb of the Year: BLACK RASPBERRIES

$5.99 US • iamcountryside.com theCOUNTRYis EXCEPTIONAL COUNTRY HOMES Trust the company with over 90 years of lifestyle and country living expertise to help you find your ideal property.

SCENIC COUNTRY HOME OFF-GRID HOME SUSTAINABLE PROPERTY

Custom 2-BR, 1.75-BA ranch house 4-BR, 3.75-BA off-grid log home on 6 acres of wooded privacy and a 4-BR, and shop on 9± acres. Featuring 74± acres with a workshop/garage, 3.5-BA sustainable, concrete and steel panoramic views and close proximity private well, solar system, wind built home with passive solar, natural to Modoc National Forest. and generator system. light, safe room and more. $500,000 | ALTURAS, CA | #04037-44290 $385,000 | SELIGMAN, AZ | #02036-19104 $494,900 | WAUPACA, WI | #48042-19092

RIVERFRONT LIVING SECLUDED CABIN UNTAPPED POTENTIAL

Beautiful 3-BR, 2-BA home situated Old Virginia “Hand-Hew” 3-BR, Secluded 4-BR, 3.5-BA log cabin along the banks of the Suwannee 2-BA log cabin with cathedral on 128± acres offering tillable River on 13± acres with a horse barn, ceilings and custom moldings farmland, room for horses or cattle workshop and access to boat ramps. throughout on 50± private acres. and excellent hunting opportunities. $439,000 | BELL, FL | #09090-78308 $499,900 | CHATAM, VA | #45079-59593 $389,000 | GRAVEL SWITCH, KY | #16033-01330

SELL THE LIFESTYLE YOU LOVE Leverage your love of country and lifestyle properties and explore career opportunities with United Country Real Estate. As the nation’s leading seller of lifestyle and non-urban properties, we can give you the tools you need to succeed. Contact us today. 844.415.8959 | [email protected]

Find many more lifestyle, recreational & country properties at ADMAnimalNutrition.com 866-666-7626 UCCountryHomes.com | 800.999.1020 ext 110 [email protected] theCOUNTRYis

COUNTRY HOMES Trust the company with over 90 years of lifestyle and country living expertise to help you find your ideal property.

SCENIC COUNTRY HOME OFF-GRID HOME SUSTAINABLE PROPERTY

RIVERFRONT LIVING SECLUDED CABIN UNTAPPED POTENTIAL

Find many more lifestyle, recreational & country properties at ADMAnimalNutrition.com 866-666-7626 UCCountryHomes.com | 800.999.1020 ext 110 [email protected] 1 2 I AM COUNTRYSIDE

FEATURING STACY BENJAMIN FROM THE 5R FARM IN OREGON

3 4 5 6

Little did I know when I got my ﬁ rst three backyard chickens 10 years ago, it would lead this city girl to the small farm life that I enjoy today. I’ve always loved nature and animals. In college I We built a large chicken coop and expanded our studied biology, and I spent my summers working for ock to 30 chickens, including several roosters. the Forest Service. After college, followed by a short On Sunday afternoons we would return to Portland, stint in New York City, my husband and I moved back while a friend that lived at the farm would take care of to Portland where we both grew up. I started a career everything until we returned the following weekend. in environmental consulting and began climbing the As time went on, I began to feel like I was missing out corporate ladder. Portland was at the forefront of the on so much that happened at the farm while we were backyard chicken movement, and I began walking away. My husband and I both grew tired of the traf c I AM COUNTRYSIDE by houses where I could hear chickens singing the and noise of the city and longed to spend more time egg song in the morning on my way to work. at the farm. So, after a couple of years of splitting our I got my rst three chicks in the spring of 2010, time between our city house and the farm, we decided FEATURING STACY BENJAMIN FROM THE 5R FARM IN OREGON Rhoda the Rhode Island Red, Raquel the barred to move to the farm full-time. I commuted to my job Plymouth Rock, and an Easter Egger who turned in the city for a while, but for the last ve years I have out to be a rooster. In a few months I added three worked for myself from home, and my exible work more chicks — Ruby, a gold laced Wyandotte, and schedule gives me more time to enjoy the farm. two more Easter Eggers, Rosie and Ramona. In 2013, we added bees to the farm and we added I let the girls out of their coop often to play in heritage Narragansett turkeys in 2015. As much as the garden, and in no time, they devoured and I consider myself a crazy chicken lady, I’ve fallen scratched up everything green within beak’s reach. head over heels for my turkeys. I nd the behaviors I was surprised to realize that I didn’t mind all and vocalizations of a heritage turkey ock to be that much that the chickens destroyed my once so fascinating. Ringo, Eleanor, Dear Prudence, and thriving garden, and it wasn’t long before I began Pumpkin Pie keep me on my toes with their endless to wish that I had room for more chickens. turkey antics. One of my favorite farm experiences For several years, my husband and I had joked about is watching momma turkeys and chickens raise buying a place in the country, but now the conversation their own little ones. It’s truly heartwarming. became more serious. In a few months we were the I keep a large garden, and I love to preserve food proud owners of 4.5 acres in the country. We named from our garden for eating over the winter. I also the property 5R Farm, after the ve chickens — Rhoda, have a hobby soapmaking business and I sell natural Raquel, Rosie, Ruby, and Ramona — that inspired us soaps, lotions, and shampoos on my website. Future to make our dream of moving to the country a reality. dreams include raising ducks and goats, if I can For the rst couple of years after we bought ever nd the time! The farm life keeps me on the go the farm property, we still lived in the city, but from dawn until dusk, but I love practically every we spent long weekends at the farm working moment of every day, and I wouldn’t have it any on projects like xing the well and the water other way. It is amazing to think that our 5R Farm ltration system, battling thickets of thistle and adventure started with just three little chickens. blackberry, and putting in a vegetable garden. Follow Stacy Benjamin at: Instagram @5rfarmoregon

JANUARY/FEBRUARY 2020 || 5 Previous pages: 1 | Eleanor and her poults. 2 | Handmade 5R Farm soap. 3 | Summer garden. 4 | Our little home in the woods. 5 | Putting in the vegetable garden. 6 | Stacy and her ﬂ ock.

Pumpkin Pie as a poult.

4 Lap time with Sweet Pea.

7 My Easter Egger, Violet, and her little ones.

8 Introductory Price! LOW AS CONTENTS January/February 2020 $ 21 IN EVERY ISSUE HOMESTEADING BEEKEEPING 4 I Am Countryside 18 Flavored Kombucha 30 How Do Bees Survive Winter 85 each 11 Editor’s Letter By Patricia Baird Greene Without Fresh Pollen? By Rusty Burlew 12 Country Conversation 22 Battery Maintenance Tips & Feedback By Theresa Miller 33 Ask the Expert: No Queen By Rusty Burlew 82 Capture Your Countryside 26 Is Your Livestock Barn at 84 Just for Fun Risk for Fire? GROWING 86 Almanack By Anita Stone 34 Black Raspberries (Rubus): 90 Marketplace 2020 Herb of the Year By Rita Heikenfeld 92 Breeders Directory/Classi eds 38 Sea Buckthorn: It Started with a Prayer 26 34 By Tom and Sharon Pescinski POULTRY 42 How to Keep Chickens from Actual size Eating Their Eggs is 40.6 mm By Janet Garman 46 How to Make Homemade Chicken Feed By Amy Fewell Be One of the First 50 A Guide to Different Colored Chicken Eggs Lock in Your Price on the NEW 2020 U.S. Silver Dollars By Lisa Steele ach year, millions of collectors and tion. Call today and secure yours now ANIMALS & LIVESTOCK Brand-New U.S. Silver Dollars silver stackers around the word ahead of the crowd! 52 The Beautiful Black Welsh Sheep Each hefty U.S. Silver Dollar contains Esecure freshly struck American Eagle one Troy ounce of U.S. silver, struck in By Tim King Silver Dollars. They are perhaps the most Brilliant Uncirculated (BU) condition by Call Now And Beat 58 Preventing Cold Stress in Cattle widely collected silver bullion coins in the the United States Mint. The 100-year-old the Crowd! By Heather Smith Thomas world, and right now, the U.S. Mint is design features a walking Lady Liberty The American Eagle Silver Dollar is one of preparing to unleash their brand-new draped in a U.S. flag on one side and a the best selling and most widely collected 64 Rethinking Husbandry and 2020 mintage! majestic U.S. Eagle and shield on the silver coins in the world — and silver is on Animal Housing other. These Silver Dollars are as beautiful the rise. Call now to lock in your prices! By Tamsin Cooper Silver is Rising. NOW is the as they are desirable — and as silver prices Rest assured, your 2020 U.S. Silver Dollars 69 13 Goat Symptoms You Should Time to Lock in Your Price! rise, so does demand for these silver coins! will ship directly to your door shortly Never Ignore Silver values are on the rise. NOW is the after their release by the U.S. Mint in mid- 42 70 By Katherine Drovdahl time to lock in your price and secure your U.S. Government Guaranteed January, 2020. Plus, the more you buy, the one-ounce, 99.9% pure American Eagle Each American Eagle Silver Dollar is gov- more you save! FARM TO FRK Silver Dollars. At the time of this writing, ernment-guaranteed for its 99.9% purity, 70 Turn a $15 Chicken into $50 Worth the last six months have seen a 16% authenticity, and legal-tender status. 2020 American Eagle Silver Dollar BU of Food increase in silver’s value. That number 1-4 Coins - $22.25 each + s/h By Kristi Cook skyrockets to a 25% increase over the last A Coin Flip You Can’t 5-9 Coins - $22.10 each + s/h 12 months! Afford to Lose 10-19 Coins - $21.95 each + FREE SHIPPING 73 Beverly’s Homemade Buns Why are we offering you the chance to $20 20+ Coins - $21.85 each + FREE SHIPPING By Becky Pederson lock in your price now when silver is on 74 Farmhouse Fresh Brunch Bake $19 the rise? We’re doing it to introduce you to what hundreds of thousands of smart FREE SHIPPING on 7 or More! By Hannah McClure $18 Limited time only. Product total over $149 before taxes collectors and satisfied customers have (if any). Standard domestic shipping only. HOMESTEAD HACKS $17 known since 1984 — GovMint.com is the Not valid on previous purchases. 76 Wintertime Epsom Salt Hacks best source for coins worldwide™. By Jennifer VanBenschoten $16 Call today toll-free for fastest service $15 Timing is Everything This is a strictly limited pre-release offer 1-888-201-7639 $14 for one of the world’s most popular silver ON THE COVER Offer Code AEB127-01 $13 coins — and time is of the essence. Once Snow day at Unconventional Acres. Please mention this code when you call. Jan 2019 Jul 2019 Sept 2018Oct 2018Nov 2018Dec 2018 Feb 2019Mar 2019Apr 2019May 2019Jun 2019 Aug 2019Sept 2019 word gets out that 2020 U.S. Silver Dollars — Mel Dickinson Silver Trend Chart: Prices based on monthly averages. (Instagram @unconventional_acres ) ©2019, AMS can already be locked in at such a great price, you’ll be facing far more competi-

Tag us on Instagram, share your stories on Facebook and fi nd new GovMint.com • 14101 Southcross Dr. W., Suite 175, Dept. AEB127-01 • Burnsville, MN 55337 Join the Countryside Community! inspiration on Pinterest. We read all the comments and love the feedback! GovMint.com® is a retail distributor of coin and currency issues and is not affi liated with the U.S. government. The collectible coin market is unregulated, highly speculative and involves risk. GovMint.com reserves the right to decline to consummate any sale, within its discretion, including due to pricing errors. Prices, facts, fi gures and populations deemed accurate as of the date of publication but may change signifi cantly over time. All purchases are expressly conditioned upon your acceptance of GovMint.com’s Terms and Conditions (www.govmint.com/terms-conditions or call 1-800-721-0320); to decline, return INSTAGRAM your purchase pursuant to GovMint.com’s Return Policy. © 2019 GovMint.com. All rights reserved. FACEBOOK.com/ PINTEREST.com/ @iamcountryside iamcountryside iamcountryside #iamcountryside Introductory Price! LOW AS $ 21 85 each

Actual size is 40.6 mm Be One of the First Lock in Your Price on the NEW 2020 U.S. Silver Dollars ach year, millions of collectors and Brand-New U.S. Silver Dollars tion. Call today and secure yours now silver stackers around the word Each hefty U.S. Silver Dollar contains ahead of the crowd! Esecure freshly struck American Eagle one Troy ounce of U.S. silver, struck in Silver Dollars. They are perhaps the most Brilliant Uncirculated (BU) condition by Call Now And Beat widely collected silver bullion coins in the the United States Mint. The 100-year-old the Crowd! world, and right now, the U.S. Mint is design features a walking Lady Liberty The American Eagle Silver Dollar is one of preparing to unleash their brand-new draped in a U.S. flag on one side and a the best selling and most widely collected 2020 mintage! majestic U.S. Eagle and shield on the silver coins in the world — and silver is on other. These Silver Dollars are as beautiful the rise. Call now to lock in your prices! Silver is Rising. NOW is the as they are desirable — and as silver prices Rest assured, your 2020 U.S. Silver Dollars Time to Lock in Your Price! rise, so does demand for these silver coins! will ship directly to your door shortly Silver values are on the rise. NOW is the after their release by the U.S. Mint in mid- time to lock in your price and secure your U.S. Government Guaranteed January, 2020. Plus, the more you buy, the one-ounce, 99.9% pure American Eagle Each American Eagle Silver Dollar is gov- more you save! Silver Dollars. At the time of this writing, ernment-guaranteed for its 99.9% purity, the last six months have seen a 16% authenticity, and legal-tender status. 2020 American Eagle Silver Dollar BU increase in silver’s value. That number 1-4 Coins - $22.25 each + s/h skyrockets to a 25% increase over the last A Coin Flip You Can’t 5-9 Coins - $22.10 each + s/h 12 months! Afford to Lose 10-19 Coins - $21.95 each + FREE SHIPPING Why are we offering you the chance to $20 20+ Coins - $21.85 each + FREE SHIPPING lock in your price now when silver is on $19 the rise? We’re doing it to introduce you to what hundreds of thousands of smart FREE SHIPPING on 7 or More! $18 Limited time only. Product total over $149 before taxes collectors and satisfied customers have (if any). Standard domestic shipping only. $17 known since 1984 — GovMint.com is the Not valid on previous purchases. best source for coins worldwide™. $16 Call today toll-free for fastest service $15 Timing is Everything This is a strictly limited pre-release offer 1-888-201-7639 $14 for one of the world’s most popular silver Offer Code AEB127-01 $13 coins — and time is of the essence. Once Please mention this code when you call.

Jan 2019 Jul 2019 Sept 2018Oct 2018Nov 2018Dec 2018 Feb 2019Mar 2019Apr 2019May 2019Jun 2019 Aug 2019Sept 2019 word gets out that 2020 U.S. Silver Dollars Silver Trend Chart: Prices based on monthly averages. ©2019, AMS can already be locked in at such a great price, you’ll be facing far more competi-

GovMint.com • 14101 Southcross Dr. W., Suite 175, Dept. AEB127-01 • Burnsville, MN 55337 GovMint.com® is a retail distributor of coin and currency issues and is not affi liated with the U.S. government. The collectible coin market is unregulated, highly speculative and involves risk. GovMint.com reserves the right to decline to consummate any sale, within its discretion, including due to pricing errors. Prices, facts, fi gures and populations deemed accurate as of the date of publication but may change signifi cantly over time. All purchases are expressly conditioned upon your acceptance of GovMint.com’s Terms and Conditions (www.govmint.com/terms-conditions or call 1-800-721-0320); to decline, return your purchase pursuant to GovMint.com’s Return Policy. © 2019 GovMint.com. All rights reserved. Hands-On,

Step-By-Step Volume 104 • Number 1 Sustainable-Living January/February 2020 Countryside & Small Stock Journal Includes Small Stock Magazine Founded 1917 by Wallace Blair and Guide Countryside Magazine Founded 1969 by Jd Belanger.

EDITORIAL 40 Projects for Ann Tom, Editor [email protected] Building Your Steph Merkle, Content Director Backyard [email protected] Samantha Ingersoll, Marissa Ames Homestead Editorial Assistants Traci Laurie Publication Designer

CIRCULATION & MARKETING GENERAL MANAGER Ellen Grunseth, Marketing Director Mike Campbell [email protected] [email protected] ADVERTISING COUNTRYSIDE’S MAIN HOMESTEAD Alicia Soper, Advertising Director Countryside [email protected] P.O. Box 566, Medford, WI 54451 (715) 748-1388 iamcountryside.com Kelly Weiler [email protected] SUBSCRIPTIONS U.S. FUNDS: (715) 748-1389 $29.92 per six issues Sue Lapcewich Countryside Subscriptions [email protected] 580 Mallory Way, Carson City, NV 89701 (970) 373-7301 (970) 392-4419

PRINTED IN THE U.S.A.

Countryside & Small Stock Journal (ISSN 8750-7595; USPS 498-940) is published bi-monthly by Countryside Publications, P.O. Box 566, Medford, WI 54451. Periodicals postage paid at Medford, WI and additional mailing ofﬁ ces. ©2019 Countryside Publications. Countryside Publications is • Create Your Own Planters, owned and operated by Fence Post Co. The views presented here do not necessarily represent those of the editor or publisher. All contents of this issue of Countryside & Small Stock Journal are copyrighted by Countryside Publications, 2019. All rights reserved. Reproduction in Pens, Coops, & Sheds whole or in part is prohibited except by permission of the publisher. POSTMASTER: Send all UAA to CFS. (See DMM 707.4.12.5); • Install Aquaponics & NON-POSTAL AND MILITARY FACILITIES: Send address corrections to Countryside Subscriptions, 580 Mallory Way, Carson City, NV 89701 Hydroponics Our Philosophy At Countryside, our purpose is to inspire self-reliant living on any level. • Add Wind & Solar Power We acknowledge that the path to self-su ciency is as unique as the person who accepts the journey. We strive to strengthen the homesteading movement by sharing the diverse voices and knowledge of today’s practioners. To Order Visit: We teach our readers how to grow and raise their own food; build, ﬁ x, and craft with their iamcountryside.com own two hands; and walk as gently on this planet as possible. Contact Us /shop PHONE: (970) 392-4419 FAX: (715) 785-7414 Or Call: ADDRESS: P.O. Box 566, Medford, WI 54451 ADVERTISING OFFICE: [email protected] 970-392-4419 EDITORIAL OFFICE: [email protected] CUSTOMER SERVICE/BOOK ORDERS: [email protected] iamcountryside.com 10 || COUNTRYSIDE & SMALL STOCK JOURNAL ¡ :: ¥ ¦§¨¨§© ¨ª ©§¥«§©¬

FROM THE EDITOR

If you live in an area, like me, where winters can be cold, dark, and long, it’s now time to ﬁnd things to keep ourselves occupied, making the long days not so unbearable. Maybe that includes crafting, reading, cooking, or getting outside and making the best of it. I admit I do get excited for the rst few snowfalls with the glistening of the fresh, powdery snow in the sunlight. It’s almost magical. It makes me think back to when I was a kid and would spend the whole day outside building snow forts, ice skating, sledding and skiing down the big hill in the backyard, and whatever else would come up, as long as I could be outside. Ah, the good ol’ days! As an adult, winter means driving on slippery roads, back-breaking shoveling, heating bills, a drifted-shut driveway, etc., and it just doesn’t seem to be quite as much fun as it was when I was a kid. Don’t get me wrong I still enjoy some fun winter activities. My favorite one is ice shing. There’s just something about spending the day sitting on a frozen lake, waiting for a hungry sh to nibble on my bait that’s dangling down a hole I drilled through the ice. Some folks don’t see how this could be any fun at all If you’re thinking spring and looking for new things and tell me not to waste my time because they sell sh to plant, you can learn all about black raspberries as at the grocery store every day. Those are the same folks well as sea buckthorn, aka seaberries. These beautiful who complain that they are sick of being cooped up little berries have so many medicinal uses not only and winter is too long. Not to mention, who knows for humans but also for wild and domestic animals. where that overpriced grocery store sh came from? There is so much more included in this issue and I There is so much truth to the saying, “Time ies hope you enjoy it. when you’re having fun.” January and February does y by for me. March and April are another story as the ice begins to thaw on the lakes and the heavy snow won’t stop falling while spring is on my mind. But we can talk about that at that time! For now I would like you to relax and enjoy the pages in this issue of Countryside. There are some hearty, belly-warming chicken recipes to try along with a great homemade bun recipe. Ann Tom These are so yummy fresh out of the oven! Editor, Countryside

Countryside Editor Letter HAVE AN IDEA OR STORY TO SHARE, A P.O. Box 566 QUESTION TO ASK, PERHAPS AN ANSWER TO Medford, WI 54451 A QUESTION? WE WANT TO HEAR FROM YOU! Or email: [email protected] Country Conversation & Feedback Contact us at: P.O. Box 566, Medford, WI 54451; [email protected]

In response to Nov/Dec 2019 issue: Never in a million years would I have guessed one of my photos would be on the cover of a magazine. Thank you so much Countryside!!! Seriously the coolest feeling.

— Chelsea Hansler @clydeandrose

If you would like a chance to have your photo featured on an upcoming cover, please email high resolution photos to: [email protected]

12 || COUNTRYSIDE & SMALL STOCK JOURNAL "Life doesn't move in straight lines, and neither does a good conversation." — Margaret J. Wheatley

In response to “Wintering Pigs on Pasture” (Nov/Dec 2019 issue):

Wintering pigs is not the best idea. It is better to buy weed pigs in spring as soon as they can be outside without much protection. Feed them well and slaughter in fall before freeze up. Then you don't have all the extra problems to solve come winter for them. — Brian Roth Country Conversation & Feedback Contact us at: P.O. Box 566, Medford, WI 54451; [email protected]

In response to “Lincoln Longwool Sheep” (Nov/Dec 2019 issue): Aniroonz Sheep Company raises Lincolns as well as other breeds. I have a quite a few of their eeces and absolutely love them. Find them online at aniroonz.com — Bethany Birkmeyer

I love sheep. I didn’t know we even had any Lincoln Longwool sheep in this country. — Shawnn Balzar

Two places locally to me have them. I’d say there are more than 100 in this country. — Jody Kabat, Illinois Pollinator at work. — Chris Tiegs, Wisconsin

In response to “A Love for Weaving” (Sept/Oct 2019 issue): There are lots of videos and instructors on YouTube. Take advantage of their expertise! Weaving has many great bene ts. Weaving is meditative, calming, useful, creative, eco-friendly, and just plain fun to do! — Diana

Amazing! I have a standing oor loom. Too bad I know nothing of weaving. — BJ Long

JANUARY/FEBRUARY 2020 || 13 ¡ :: ¯ª°±§©¬¥¨²ª°

In response to “The Best Fuel for Tools Doesn’t Come from the Pump” (May/June 2019 issue)

I bought a professional quality chainsaw and the second year the engine seized up. My repair shop traced it back to the fuel. I travelled almost an hour to get ethanol free gas to use in all my equipment. Now the local gas stations are carrying it. Since I made the switch everything runs better and no more problems. — Earl Kelly

I wrapped the yarn coming from the ball around my left hand in the usual manner, holding it tightly stretched, I held the slipknot under the needle with my thumb and a nger. I put my right hand over her right hand. We pushed the needle towards the yarn and she put the yarn over the needle with her ngers of her left hand. We pulled the yarn back through the rst loop on the needle. Our rst chain was made! We did this push, hook, pull motion until she thought the chain was long enough for a necklace. We cut the yarn and tied the ends and she made a bracelet the same way. She then put them on and said, “Goodbye, I am going to show my mother that I can crochet." Persistence Paid O® Wouldn’t it be great if something as simple as I had a neighbor who had six children ranging a BAG could unite us all with a common cord? in ages from a few months old to 12 years old. I Sometimes knotty, always neat. Sometimes fuzzy, was teaching the three oldest to crochet little rugs always strong, a crocheted bag to store plastic bags made from strips cut from lightweight t-shirts. in that we bring home from shopping trips. Hang The 10-year-old girl was very pro cient and them any place they are handy to reach … the utility could crochet across a row faster than I could. room, kitchen, of ce, bedroom, bathroom, or garden One day, the four-year-old girl came to my door and shed. But you say, “I do not know how to crochet." said, “I want to crochet, too.” I said, “Maybe you are You can crochet, too! Make one bag and you will too young to crochet.” She said, "No, I want to crochet." be hooked on making more. For detailed directions We sat down on the couch with a crochet needle send a self-addressed stamped envelope to: and a ball of yarn. I put my right arm over her right shoulder and the needle in her right hand, P. McKenzie like holding a knife to cut with. I made a slipknot P.O. Box 34 and a loop with the yard in my left hand and we Floral City, FL 34436 pushed the needle hook through the loop. I will be happy to send you copies!

14 || COUNTRYSIDE & SMALL STOCK JOURNAL Rachyl’s Goat Milk Soap: Started With a Little Girl, a Lot of Milk, and a Dream In Countryside Nov/Dec 2012, you wrote an article about Rachyl, titled "Rachyl — Goat Lover; Soap Maker." She was 10 at the time. She is now 17 and graduated a year early to attend college in September and is still a goat lover and soap maker. Rachyl’s Goat Milk Soap is more than just an all- natural, good for you and your skin soap. It’s a family dream led by Rachyl with the support of her parents and seven-plus siblings. Her soap is handcrafted in small batches with organic oils and fresh milk from her family’s goat herd. It has grown from a seventh birthday gift-goat to a thriving local business: well- received at farmers markets, various stores, online, and now in a small shop located on the farm. Still family-run on a picturesque farm located in the quiet town of North Scituate, and owed by now 17-year-old Rachyl and recently partnered older sister and mother, Rachyl’s Goat Milk Soap has an impressive array of bath and body products. Recently revamped, www. travisfamilyfarm.com offers convenient online shopping along with glimpses behind the scenes into the process of creating each product in small batches by hand. You can follow along on the adventures by liking them on Facebook at facebook.com/ Originally featured in 2012. travisfarm/ or Instagram at travis_family_farm. — Jaklyn Randall

Ruling the Roost He’s not even a year old. He’s kind and eats from our hands, but terrorizes my poor girls. Sometimes I let him out alone to give my girls a break. He’s so handsome. — Doreen Pasquarella

“I love Countryside magazine. There is so much information packed into every issue. Keep up the great job crew!!!”

— Rebecca Hudson

JANUARY/FEBRUARY 2020 || 15 ¡ :: ¯ª°±§©¬¥¨²ª°

A Straw is More than a Straw One day when I misplaced my hair curlers, I noticed Ergonomic my drinking straw and thought I would try straws as curlers. I rolled up the ends of my hair around & Power the middle of the straws and folded both ends in and attached a rubber band to hold them. I slept on them all night and they felt good. I didn't know I was Electrical sheep shearing machine sleeping on straws! When I woke up, I removed the rubber bands and took the straws out and I had curls. Then I was looking at the straw and I wondered why I couldn’t also use that straw as a small emergency re kit? I cut the straw in half and inside placed some wooden matches, some cut up newspaper, Solid and durable due to Same approved and patented and a piece of sandpaper. I sealed it with a cotton Extremely silent ﬁ berglass reinforcement shearing system as on ball at both ends to hold it all inside. This way I our successful model «Xtra» also could use the cotton ball to help start a re. Now when I’m out in the woods, I take the starter kit with me and can easily start a re with it. Just thought I would share this with you. Thank you. vina Prem — Diana Johnson, Lima, Ohio O iu h m it

w c

o m w

e b N

¡ :: ³´§¬¨²ª° ªµ ¨¶§ ·ª°¨¶

IN THE NOVEMBER/DECEMBER Lightweight, small and JANUARY/FEBRUARY ergonomically shaped ISSUE WE ASKED: QUESTION OF THE MONTH WHAT ARE YOUR FAVORITE HOLIDAY TRADITIONS? Extremely high-torque motor HAPPY HOMESTEADING This time of the year may be a quieter time I am writing about our family Christmas for many, so now I want to hear from you, the traditions. Ever since our girls were born, we Countryside audience. Whether it be livestock have given them an ornament each year. Then articles, recipes, gardening, you name it, I want when they married and moved away, they had to know what you would like to read more about. Devoid of vibrations and worldwide unique enough ornaments to decorate their rst tree. connection between clipper head and body We have continued the ornament tradition What articles would you each year including in-laws and grandchildren. like to see in the pages We put the news ones in a basket and pass it Countryside around with enough for each person plus a few of ? Int.Pat.Nr DM/078110 EU more. They each choose one. Happy holidays! Send your ideas to: Heiniger Shearing Equipment Inc. Pat.Nr. 138501 CH — Laura Scho eld Countryside Editor P.O. Box 663 Pat.Nr. 340968 AUS P.O. Box 566, Buffalo, WY 82834, USA Pat.Nr ZL201130470445.3 CN Medford, WI 54451 Pat.Pending US Or email to: [email protected] [email protected] Phone: 1-800-215-7701 16 || COUNTRYSIDE & SMALL STOCK JOURNAL www.heinigerusa.com Designed and manufactured in Switzerland

INS_Xpert_210x297mm_en.indd 1 01.02.17 13:26 Ergonomic & Power Electrical sheep shearing machine

Solid and durable due to Same approved and patented Extremely silent ﬁ berglass reinforcement shearing system as on our successful model «Xtra»

vina Prem O iu h m it

w c

o m w

e b N

Lightweight, small and ergonomically shaped

Extremely high-torque motor

Devoid of vibrations and worldwide unique connection between clipper head and body

Int.Pat.Nr DM/078110 EU Heiniger Shearing Equipment Inc. Pat.Nr. 138501 CH P.O. Box 663 Pat.Nr. 340968 AUS Buffalo, WY 82834, USA Pat.Nr ZL201130470445.3 CN Pat.Pending US [email protected] Phone: 1-800-215-7701 www.heinigerusa.com Designed andJANUARY/FEBRUARY manufactured in Switzerland2020 || 17

INS_Xpert_210x297mm_en.indd 1 01.02.17 13:26 °±¡¡²³ :: ¸ª·¹´¯¶¥

UNDAY EVENINGS HAVE LONG been a science lab for two mad Shomesteaders — my partner Donlon and our friend James, the neighbor we call the “High End Homesteader” (we take up the off-grid end of that spectrum). The guys get together and gure out how to nd recipes and ingredients to make items like castile soap, shampoo, shaving cream, laundry detergent, and many other useful household must-haves that save us trips to the store. Excerpt from a Monday morning conversation in our house a year ago: ME: “What’s that big slimy mushroom thingie oating in the jar on the counter?” Donlon: “Oh, it’s a SCOBY.” As if I should have known. Me: “A what?” Donlon: “It’s this culture of bacteria and yeast that ferments and grows if you keep it in water. We’re using it as a mother to brew kombucha.” Blank look from me. “You know, that zzy health drink we get at the co-op. And hey, ours won’t cost $3.50 for a small bottle. It reduces kidney stones, by the way.” (Both Sunday experimenters had recent painful run-ins with that unwanted condition!) I did remember the eight-ounce brown Flavored bottles of delicious tangy health drink we sometimes bought as a treat when we went to shop. It had fancy exotic avors like Kombucha pineapple, ginger, mango coconut, dragon fruit, lemongrass — and a fancy price, too! THE HEALTHY A HEALTHY DRINK PROBIOTIC ENERGY When I looked up kombucha (and its DRINK sister jun made with green tea and honey, instead of black tea and sugar), I found that the SCOBY, sometimes called the mother or mushroom, stands for Symbiotic Culture of Bacteria and Yeast. It’s important to get BY PATRICIA BAIRD a good one from an experienced home GREENE brewer who provides follow-up support, or a reputable internet supplier, such as Etsy, Joshua Tree, or Fermentaholics. You can also grow your own in about 10 days. The two drinks, kombucha and jun, have impressive claims, such as promoting healthy bacteria in the gut, supporting liver function, boosting energy, reducing blood pressure, relieving headaches, and even clearing yeast infections. They empower the body to work on root “I make myself rich by making my wants few.” — Henry David Thoreau

causes of disease and are known as adaptogens, if you are serious, I would advise getting one or both meaning they go where you need it to encourage of the books I recommend at the end of this article to balance and detoxi cation. The discover the details that will mean brewing process transforms success and soon make you feel like common elements of tea, sugar, a master brewer. The books also water, and the SCOBY into a For those who contain delicious recipes for various nutritious, delicious, zzy tonic yummy avors, such as lemon that has been used for at least a have developed ginger, apple cinnamon, blackberry hundred years around the world. an unhealthy sage, pineapple, and raspberry History says it started in China, mint. Of course, you may also locate migrated to Russia, Europe, and addiction to some of this online, but we nd it now is enjoyed everywhere. handier in the kitchen to ip back For those who have developed sodas and energy and forth and have the multitude of an unhealthy addiction to details contained in an open book. sodas and energy drinks, it is a drinks, it is a The rst part of the brewing healthy, avorful alternative. healthy, ﬂ avorful or fermentation process is Feeling good starts in your gut. simple, but having all the Seventy percent of your immune alternative. utensils absolutely clean is key. system is there and if something It will take a healthy SCOBY, one is not right, it can affect the whole gallon of spring water, 10 black body. Probiotics like kombucha tea bags, one cup of cane sugar are full of good bacteria that promote and maintain (or equal green tea and honey if you’re making micro ora in the digestive tract that are favorable jun), and a temperature of 75 to 85 degrees F. for healthy digestion. They can improve or alleviate the symptoms of constipation, candida, irritable bowel, diarrhea, and celiac disease, though it’s best to follow your gut, do your research, monitor how it makes you feel, and not approach kombucha a cure-all. I wondered how much caffeine is in kombucha, as we are not coffee drinkers. The answer is not much. Substantially less that a serving of tea, coffee, or soda. If one tea bag in eight ounces of water makes a cup of tea, kombucha uses three to ve tea bags in a gallon of water, which cuts the amount of caffeine by 75%. Then the fermentation process cuts it about 50 to 65% more. Another factor is L-theanine in tea. This plays a role in modulating the effect of the caffeine so that it is stimulating, yet soothing.

CAN I ACTUALLY BREW KOMBUCHA MYSELF? The answer is yes! Of course there are details of the process that I can’t cover in a short article and there is a bit of equipment to buy, so

JANUARY/FEBRUARY 2020 || 19 °±¡¡²³ :: ¸ª·¹´¯¶¥

LEFT: James running ginger through a juicer. ABOVE: Pouring o¼ the unﬂavored kombucha BOTTOM: The SCOBY OPPOSITE PAGE: James puts the ginger and star anise ﬂavoring into the individual bottles.

BASIC RECIPE (but consult the books for more details) The SCOBY, sometimes called Boil the water and remove from heat. the mother or mushroom, stands Add the tea bags and steep for 10 minutes, then remove. for Symbiotic Culture of Bacteria Add the sugar and stir. and Yeast. It’s important to get Allow to cool to between 75 and 85 degrees F. a good one from an experienced Add the SCOBY. Cover with cheesecloth, secure with a rubber band, home brewer who provides put in a dark place or closet that stays warm, and allow it to brew for five to seven days. If the mixture follow-up support, or a reputable falls below 70 degrees, it will take longer to brew. If it gets above 85 degrees, the probiotics may internet supplier, such as Etsy, die. Note: if mold appears, discard the batch. Joshua Tree, or Fermentaholics. Add ingredients and flavorings and put into smaller bottles for a second fermentation. Leave You can also grow your own in the bottles in a dark place for two to three days. This makes the kombucha stronger and fizzier. about 10 days. A small SCOBY will form in each bottle, which can be strained out. Cap and place the bottles in the refrigerator for 24 hours before drinking.

20 || COUNTRYSIDE & SMALL STOCK JOURNAL The Big Book of So, there you have it. Not dif cult, Crum and Alex LaGory, Storey but it takes some keeping track of Publishing, 2016 (This is the my and paying attention to details. favorite book to use!) Available KOMBUCHA Two weeks later, I got a from the Countryside Bookstore BY HANNAH CRUM & ALEX LAGORY Sunday night call inviting me to iamcountryside.com/shop/ a kombucha tasting party over at James’s house. We clinked our Delicious Probiotic Drinks, glasses and marveled at how 75 Recipes for Kombucha, Ke r, delicious it was and how it had Ginger Beer, and other Naturally just the right amount of zz and Fermented Drinks, Julia Mueller, avor to give it zap and pizzaz! Skyhorse Publishing, 2014. Since then, the Sunday night experimenters have brewed enough kombucha to become PATRICIA BAIRD GREENE has experts. Donlon arrives home been an o¼ -grid homesteader Brew your own kombucha at bearing bags full of our recycled and gardener in New Hampshire home! More than 400 recipes — brown eight-ounce bottles bought for more than nine years — and for a fraction of the store-bought at the co-op over the years and still learning and experimenting with simple ecological systems. price. This complete guide now full of homemade brew. She is also an activist on many shows you how to do it from fronts and a writer of novels start to finish, with illustrated TWO RECOMMENDED BOOKS for young adults and adults. step-by-step instructions and The Big Book of Kombucha. Brewing, Visit her website at: troubleshooting tips. Flavoring and Enjoying the Health patriciabairdgreene.com iamcountryside.com/shop Bene ts of Fermented Tea, Hannah

JANUARY/FEBRUARY 2020 || 21 °±¡¡²³ :: ¹¥¨¨§©²§¬

BATTERY MAINTENANCE TIPS

For Common Types of Batteries Around The Farm

BY THERESA MILLER

Your truck, small farm tractor, ATV, RV, and small farm generator all have one thing in common. They all use batteries. In this article we discuss the common types of lead acid batteries you have around your farm or homestead, their uses, and battery maintenance tips for optimum life.

WHAT KIND OF BATTERY DO YOU HAVE? Your car, truck, ATV, tractor, backup generator, etc. have a starting battery, sometimes called a surface charge battery. These put out a tremendous amount of current in short bursts of use. They are designed to be kept fully charged at all times. The state of charge should never be lower than 80%. Your electric fence charger, RV, boat trolling motor, hydraulic dump trailer, etc. have a cycling battery, also called a deep cycle battery. They put out a lower current for longer periods of time. These are designed to discharge down to 50% without sustaining damage. Battery-driven vehicles like golf carts, battery-powered forklifts or scissor lifts, and power wheelchairs use extreme deep cycle batteries, sometimes called true deep cycle. These are designed for steady continuous draw and can be drawn down to almost dead without damage to the battery.

WHAT TYPES OF BATTERIES ARE AVAILABLE? An open-topped, lead acid battery, also known as a watering battery or conventional battery, is a proven design that has been around for many years. These allow you to add water Opened maintenance free battery. Top etch is activation when it evaporates out. They are often more date. Middle etch is manufacture date code. affordable but require more attention to battery

22 || COUNTRYSIDE & SMALL STOCK JOURNAL Do not let your battery sit in a discharged state. Either use it regularly or use a battery maintainer.

Correct electrolyte level. maintenance. They are more likely to leave acid residue on the Remember those high heating battery cables and tray. This type of battery does not work well when bills last winter? the vehicle design makes it hard to get to the battery. This option is Eliminate your high available in starting, deep cycle, heating bills with a and extreme deep cycle batteries. Classic Edge outdoor Maintenance-free batteries wood furnace became commonplace in the 1980s. These are less likely to need water, but you can add it if necessary. These are still considered conventional batteries as you can add water and they can spill. They are less likely to corrode battery cables and deposit acid in the battery tray. Maintenance-free but not sealed is a common passenger car battery. Sealed batteries are completely maintenance-free and spill- THE ULTIMATE WOOD HEAT proof. With these you should • Safer, more convenient wood heat never see corrosion on battery • Heat multiple buildings cables or acid residue in the Outdoor Wood Furnace tray. These have become very • Endless hot water common in recent years. The • Works with existing heating system two types of sealed batteries CentralBoiler.com you are likely to encounter are ©2019 Central Boiler • ad7549 800-248-4681

JANUARY/FEBRUARY 2020 || 23 °±¡¡²³ :: ¹¥¨¨§©²§¬

Left battery is dry. Right battery is pre-ﬁlled.

Date code and sticker.

absorbed glass mat (AGM) and gel. The most its voltage and health. Do not confuse this with common is AGM. The only disadvantage to this either a manufacture or activation date. type of battery remains cost. These are also available in starting, deep cycle, and extreme deep cycle. DRY VS. FACTORY ACTIVATED A battery that has been manufactured, but the WHEN WAS YOUR BATTERY MADE? electrolyte not yet added, can be stored dry inde nitely. Battery maintenance includes determining battery When the electrolyte (battery acid) is added, the battery age. Most batteries have a code that tells the date is “born.” Its life expectancy from that date matches of manufacture. This enables you to know not that of a lled battery from the date of manufacture. only how old a battery is when you buy it, but the The only batteries you can buy dry are small age of the battery in your vehicle or farm tools. powersports (ATV, motorcycle, snowmobile) Battery manufacturers use different codes etched batteries. A dry battery comes with a package of into either the plastic case or the terminal. The electrolyte. Battery numbers are tment codes, and most common code starts with a letter designating often give this information. For instance, a Yuasa the month (A = Jan., B = Feb., etc.), followed by a FAYTX14AH-BS is the factory activated version of number designating the year. By this code, a battery the YTX14AH-BS, which comes dry. If uncertain manufactured in August of 2019 reads H9XXX. In of the lled or activated status of a battery, ask the Exide batteries, the rst digit denotes build location. retailer or peek inside the box for that pack of acid. The next two digits show day of the month. The fourth digit, a letter, shows the month. The fth is a WHAT IF YOUR BATTERY “GOES DRY?” number showing the year. A battery manufactured Battery electrolyte is a mixture of sulfuric August 21st, 2019 would read X21H9XX. acid and water. To avoid creating mini bombs, The manufacture date is not always the activation manufactures vent all batteries in some way. Over date. Jeremy Boback of Exide Battery said, “If the time, water evaporates. Normal evaporation battery is dif cult to make, and we don’t want to works slowly enough not to be a problem most keep switching lines to make smaller batches, we of the time. Heat and overcharging accelerate can make a larger group of them and be able to store evaporation, releasing hydrogen gas which them dry, then ll and form them later.” In those is toxic and highly explosive. Always charge cases, the battery will have both a manufacture batteries in an area with adequate ventilation. date code and an activation date code. It’s important to check the electrolyte level in non- Sometimes batteries bear stickers with a month sealed batteries. Some have translucent sides with and year on them. These stickers indicate the minimum and maximum lines printed on the side. date the distributor recharged it and certi ed With opaque batteries, you must remove the cap and

24 || COUNTRYSIDE & SMALL STOCK JOURNAL make sure the electrolyte is covering the lead plates, but drops low enough, sulfation occurs. If you overcharge not deeper than the bottom of the tube in the ll hole. your battery, sulfation occurs. Overcharging happens If the level is if you use too large of low, add distilled, a charger, leave the deionized (DI), or battery on too long, reverse osmosis (RO) or your vehicle’s water. “Basically, water charging system that had the impurities puts out too much removed from it,” said voltage. If the battery Jeremy. “If you add sits for a long time at something like tap a high temperature water, it could have (above 75 degrees F), iron or some other sulfation occurs faster. element in it, which Most battery is bad for the battery. maintenance tips Don’t use acid to re ll focus on preventing a battery if it just lost sulfation. Try thinking water from usage and of sulfation as a evaporation. Only battery version of add water.” Adding rust. In sulfation, electrolyte changes lead sulfate crystals the ratio of water and build up on the lead acid in the battery. plates of the battery. Outlined areas show the white of sulfation. This impedes the MOST BATTERIES chemical to electrical DON’T DIE. conversion and THEY’RE KILLED. drops the voltage output of the cells affected. Sulfation is the number one cause of early battery If you have to charge your battery, use a charger failure. A battery loses voltage like water evaporates that shuts off automatically when the battery out of a cup. If you’re putting water back into the cup, is fully charged. With older chargers, do not it never gets empty. So it goes with battery voltage. If leave the battery on the charger longer than the you use the machine, the charging system re lls the recommended amount of time for that battery. battery. If the machine sits unused, and the voltage

BATTERY MAINTENANCE TIPS • Check battery electrolyte level regularly unless you have a sealed battery. • Do not let your battery sit in a discharged state. Either use it regularly or use a battery maintainer. • Check the voltage output of your equipment to make sure it is not overcharging. • Use the correct charger for the size of your battery (don’t use a 20 amp charger on an ATV battery).

THERESA MILLER lives in a small ranching town in Idaho, where she and her husband own and operate a small engine repair shop called Cycles, Sleds & Saws. Her spare time is divided between reading, writing, cooking, gardening, picking huckleberries, and learning new things. Her favorite hobby is talking to people about things they are passionate about.

JANUARY/FEBRUARY 2020 || 25 °±¡¡²³ :: µ²©§

IS YOUR LIVESTOCK BARN AT RISK FOR FIRE?

O ONE WANTS TO SEE THEIR BARN wrapped in ames. But that’s exactly what Noccurred at one of the oldest dairy farms in New York, when re ghters from 15 departments responded to the scene. ”I immediately rushed over thinking I could save some cows,” says owner Michael Miller. ”But the barn was engulfed in smoke and ames on the window edges.” Mitchell lost 46 cows. Only one animal survived the re. Barn res killed more than 150,000 farm animals in 2018, according to the Animal Welfare Institute (AWI). Farm animals are not covered by the Federal Animal Welfare Act, which provides some BY ANITA B. STONE protection for animals. From 2013 to 2017, 2.7 million animal deaths occurred in 326 barn res in North America. This number includes 2,600 cows. According to Animal Welfare Institute, “Of the 148 barn res tracked in 2018 — nearly double the number documented one year prior — Wisconsin reported the most res (19), followed by Ohio (18) and New York (18). The number of res and animal deaths likely exceeds that total, because laws and regulations vary by state, and municipalities are not generally required to report barn res and livestock losses that occur within their boundaries." Due to a lack of owner safety precautions and

26 || COUNTRYSIDE & SMALL STOCK JOURNAL Barn ﬁres killed more than 150,000 farm animals in 2018 according to the Animal Welfare Institute (AWI).

government-designed regulations, offers these tips for lowering many barn animals needlessly re hazards on any size farm: die. It is impossible to completely eliminate the risk of re in your HEATERS AND ELECTRICITY barn, but you can learn the factors • Keep heat lamps and most likely to be responsible for re heaters a safe distance from and take measures to reduce these anything that can burn. and protect your barn and livestock. • Use electrical equipment One of the worst culprits is labeled for agricultural use. defective wiring inside the barn. • Inspect all wiring, cords, Two-thirds of barn res occur and lights designed for barns. between the months of October • Use professional installation and March with the onset of cold of electrical devices. weather. Where the cause of the re can be identi ed, half of the time • Pay attention to water heating equipment is the source. heaters and heated buckets. This helps explain why northeastern They generate heat even Countryside - The Answer 2015.qxp_Layout 1 4/29/1 and midwestern states account without water and may cause for the largest reported number of plastic to melt, causing a re The Answer to ignite bedding and hay. reported barn res. It’s important “There is definitely a part of you that livestock facilities be inspected • Install covers or cages on light that is superior to all confusion and before installing additional heaters bulbs to prevent accumulation that part is superior to it right now.” and to inspect electrical wiring of dust, moisture, or breakage. This is one response to a number of questions asked by a professional for damage. “Given the massive • Remove dust and cobwebs counselor of Vernon Howard. There are scale of industrial farming, and around outlets and lights. five special letters giving numerous the potential for hundreds of insightful answers to life’s perplexing • Do not overload circuits or thousands of animals to die in problems. The letters are of a very outlets. Doing so is a one re, it is imperative that re lofty nature which will lead you to a recipe for disaster. much higher way of living. suppression and prevention become a priority in the animal agriculture Order this booklet by Vernon Howard today! industry,” states Alicia Pygoski, MATERIALS STORAGE Send only $5 (Shipping included) to: New Life • PO Box 2230-AP • Pine AZ 85544 AWI’s farm animal policy associate • Keep hay and bedding away The National Fire Association from a barn that houses www.anewlife.org

JANUARY/FEBRUARY 2020 || 27 °±¡¡²³ :: µ²©§

animals. If you have no • Keep the barn clean. Cobwebs, discuss emergency plans with separate hay storage facility, dust, chaff, and loose baling family and employees. make sure the hay is properly twine make excellent fuel cured before placing it in for re. ANIMAL SAFETY • Designate a safe place for your the barn. • Install a re alarm, carbon animals. Any identi ed location • Hay bales should have a monoxide device, sprinkler should be a safe distance from moisture content less than 17%. systems, and ABC re the barn, leaving enough room More moisture equals more extinguishers every 50 feet for the re crew to do their jobs. bacteria and more heat, resulting within the barn and near in the greater likelihood of every exit. Inspect each • If you are removing animals spontaneous combustion. extinguisher every year. after a re has started, begin with the animal closest to the • Check hay twice daily when • Water hydrants with necessary exit, handling one at a time new. Temperature should hover pressure and adequate water or in groups if they are herd around 125 degrees F. If the supply around the barn are animals, controlling them as temperature reaches 175-180 helpful. Water sources include best as you are able to degrees F, take immediate action. ponds, pools, cisterns, and prevent injury. • If steam rises from your hay or manure lagoons. • Human safety is a priority. moisture collects on the barn • Place written emergency Ensure your own safety and ceiling, call the re department. information by each phone. the safety of others before • A temperature probe can be • Keep weeds cleared from taking care of your animals. found at most farm supply around the barn. companies. • Keep tractors, fuel, and BARN INSURANCE • Oily material such as rags machinery away from the barn. • Livestock insurance gives protection against res or should be placed in a closed • Remove grass, hay, leaves, and other hazards such as metal container away from heat. other combustible material vandalism or vicious from equipment before storing. FIRE PREVENTION MEASURES animal attacks. • Use reective tape or paint on • Create and enforce a • Insurance depends on kind and stalls and pens to no-smoking policy. Post signs number of animals on your make it easier to see. inside and outside of each farm. Livestock can be protected building. • Hold re drills frequently with as personal property if a limit anyone who uses the barn and for the animals is shown in the declaration.

28 || COUNTRYSIDE & SMALL STOCK JOURNAL The Prepper’s Complete Book of • A farm policy may cover barns, stables, and other farmstructures that are considered as Disaster Readiness personal property or household property. • Insurance may also cover grain, hay, and BY JIM COBB machinery.

ADDITIONAL FARM SAFETY INFORMATION • Farm buildings should be at least 50 to 100 feet away from the barn. • The ground under the barn should be compacted to support heavy equipment during wet conditions. • Research materials if you build a barn to estimate how any re would spread. • Concrete has a rating of zero and raw wood 100, and treated wood has a rating of 25. The lower the ame-spreading rate, the longer it takes for ames to move along a surface. • Use re-resistant products such as masonry, heavy timber, or re-retardant-treated wood, where possible. • Fire retardant wood decreases ame spread by 75% Life-Saving Skills, Supplies, and will be effective for at least 30 years. Tactics, and Plans • When heavy wood is exposed to ames, a hard carbon char forms on the surface of the wood, Hurricanes, tornadoes, fires, floods, protecting it from further damage. Because of this charring, heavy timber and re-retardant-treated- earthquakes: disaster can strike sud- wood retains structural integrity longer than denly, leaving a wake of chaos much unprotected steel during a re. too big for emergency responders to • All barns, regardless of age, should be out tted handle. The action plan presented in with lightning rods. The Prepper’s Complete Book of Di- • If there is a re, act calmly and safely. saster Readiness is the key to riding Call 911 and get people out of the barn. out the aftermath of a crisis when the power grid is down, supplies are run- Of course, following all recommendations ning short, and anarchy is the rule of would be a dif cult task, especially with nancial the day. With detailed information on considerations and farming uncertainties being part of the picture. storing food, securing and strength- Don’t expect perfection, but educate yourself ening a house, drafting emergency to future action to protect yourself, your family, contingency plans, preparing children, and your animals. packing bug-out bags, and even set- ting up an off-site survival retreat, The Prepper’s Complete Book of Disas- ANITA B. STONE is an eco-friendly journalist who ter Readiness is the ultimate bible of nourishes her traditional habit of nature and horticulture. Her love of the land and passion for teaching at the local disaster preparation. community college and at senior retirement centers fi lls her time. She is always searching for new methods of improving the environment, growing food to benefi t people, domestic animals, and wildlife. She is an author and Master iamcountryside.com/shop Gardener in North Carolina, teaching others how to farm sensibly, making life easier and fulfi lling, and admits she will always stay young-at-heart, just like her grandchildren. 970-392-4419

JANUARY/FEBRUARY 2020 || 29 ´¡¡µ¡¡¶³ :: ¬´©±²±²°¿ À²°¨§©

HOW DO BEES SURVIVE WINTER WITHOUT FRESH POLLEN?

BY RUSTY BURLEW

What distinguishes a winter bee from a regular worker is the presence of enlarged fat bodies.

LL DURING THE FORAGING SEASON, out and loses much of its nutritional value. The honey bees collect pollen and nectar. They bees often remove it from the hive, and you may Ause nectar for energy to keep going from see hard marbles of pollen on the bottom board. day to day. Any extra nectar is turned into honey In spite of this problem, honey bees survive the and stored in combs. The honey may be used winter without fresh pollen. Although not much shortly after it is stored, or it may remain in the brood is raised in the dead of winter, as spring hive for years. Due to various enzymes added by approaches, the winter bee cluster warms up and the bees, honey has an extremely long shelf life. brood rearing resumes. With little or no stored Pollen is a bee’s main source of lipids, proteins, pollen, how do the nurse bees raise brood? vitamins, and minerals. Young nurse bees eat a lot of pollen which allows them to secrete royal jelly FAT BODIES AND VITELLOGENIN that they feed to developing larvae. Without a high- The secret to winter survival is found in the bodies of protein diet, the nurses cannot raise new bees. winter bees. Winter bees are so different from regular workers that some entomologists believe that they are POLLEN AND BEE BREAD a separate caste. The thing that distinguishes a winter But unlike nectar, pollen does not store well. Even bee from a regular worker is the presence of enlarged though the bees increase its shelf life by adding fat bodies. The fat bodies are bathed in hemolymph enzymes and nectar, turning it into bee bread, the (bee blood) and produce large amounts of vitellogenin. shelf life is relatively short. Most pollen is eaten In times of shortage, vitellogenin can supplement immediately after it is collected, and the rest is or completely replace a winter pollen supply. eaten within weeks. Bee bread stored longer dries Just as a queen bee can be raised from any fertilized

30 || COUNTRYSIDE & SMALL STOCK JOURNAL "To make a prairie it takes a clover and one bee." — Emily Dickinson

egg by providing a rich diet of royal jelly, a winter bee can be raised from any fertilized egg by feeding an especially lean diet. This occurs in the fall at the end of the foraging season. Depending on your local conditions, winter bees begin to appear by Whereas a regular worker September or October in most of North America. The other thing that vitellogenin does is increase has a lifespan of four to six the lifespan of the winter bees. Whereas a regular weeks, a winter bee may live worker has a lifespan of four to six weeks, a winter bee may live six months or more. The winter six months or more. bee, with her storehouse of resources, needs to survive long enough to feed the spring larvae. The winter bee, with her In essence, a winter colony stores protein not in the wax cells but in the bodies of bees. If you’ve ever storehouse of resources, wondered how your honey bees can survive the winter needs to survive long without fresh pollen, winter bees are the answer. enough to feed HONEY BEES IN WINTER MAY NEED A SUPPLEMENT the spring larvae. But even a body full of protein reserves will eventually run dry. As the nurses feed more and more bees, their fat bodies become depleted. If

How to Construct 8- & 10-Frame Hives; Top Bar, Nuc & Demo Hives; Feeders, Swarm Catchers, & More!

Build Your Own Beekeeping Equipment

Save time and money by building your own beekeeping equipment

Order at: iamcountryside.com/shop or call: 970-392-4419.

JANUARY/FEBRUARY 2020 || 31 ´¡¡µ¡¡¶³ :: ¬´©±²±²°¿ À²°¨§©

Pollen is a bee’s main source of lipids, proteins, vitamins, and minerals. Young nurse bees eat a lot of pollen which allows them to secrete royal jelly that they feed to developing larvae. Without a high-protein diet, the nurses cannot raise new bees.

the winter is particularly long, the colony may of your winter bees will be infected before they not have the resources to wait for spring pollen. emerge, and infected bees have short lifespans. Or, if the beehive location is shady and cool, the Resent research has shown that varroa mites don’t bees may decide to stay home instead of forage. feed on hemolymph but actually feed on the fat For this reason, beekeepers often feed pollen bodies that are bathed in hemolymph. This is another supplements to colonies in the early spring. Pollen reason that varroa-infected colonies have a hard time supplements should be timed to coincide with the making it until spring. If the varroa take the proteins beginnings of brood rearing. If lots of pollen is for themselves, there may not be enough left over for given too soon, the colony may become too large the bees, even if the winter bees happen to survive. for the remaining food supply, or the excess ash may cause honey bee dysentery. If it is given too TIMING IS IMPORTANT late, the colony may perish from lack of nutrition. A good beekeeper remembers that timing is A good rule of thumb in North America is to everything with a bee colony. Even though you don’t hold back on pollen supplements until after the have a lot to do in winter, you need to do things on winter solstice. However, if you have a healthy time. Mark your calendar so you won’t forget. hive that is expanding as spring approaches, Just for fun, when you nd some dead bees, turn you may not need pollen supplements at all the bees on their backs and open the abdomens for a look inside. You can clearly see the difference between VARROA MITES AND WINTER BEES a winter bee and a regular worker. A winter bee is In order for a colony to survive the winter, it needs lled with cloudy white fat bodies all throughout a strong and healthy crop of winter bees. Since her abdomen, while a regular worker is not. these bees will emerge in the fall, it is important that varroa mites be under control before the winter brood is capped. If the winter bees are born with viral diseases associated with varroa mites, those bees will most likely die before spring, and their RUSTY BURLEW is a master beekeeper in Washington State with an undergraduate degree in agronomic protein reserves will be lost along with them. crops and a master’s degree in environmental studies The best practice is to sample your hives for varroa with an emphasis on pollination ecology. Rusty mites in mid-August. If you nd your mite counts owns HoneyBeeSuite.com, and is the director of the are at treatment levels, treat the colonies before Native Bee Conservancy of Washington State. the end of August. If you wait too long, a number

32 || COUNTRYSIDE & SMALL STOCK JOURNAL BACKYARD BEEKEEPING ASK THE EXPERT

Justen Cenzalli writes: How long can a colony survive without a queen?

Even without a queen, a honey can imagine them all “talking” bee can complete her normal adult at once and wondering, “What lifespan of about four to six weeks. will we do now?” In addition, However, the colony she belongs some bees may appear aggressive, to will not be able to survive more ying and dipping erratically than a couple months unless the in the vicinity of the hive. queen is quickly replaced. Without a Some researchers say it takes new queen, the colony will dwindle approximately 15 minutes for as the members die one by one. the entire colony to learn of a Since the queen is the only bee missing or dead queen. As soon as that can lay fertilized eggs, her they get the word, the bees begin presence is absolutely essential to to select larvae of the right age maintain the colony. In addition, for raising replacement queens. her pheromones — which are the Given good larvae, the colony can distinctive odors she produces — raise a queen in about 16 days, help to keep the colony orderly, but it may take another two or productive, and working as a three weeks for her to mature, unit. The queen produces her mate, and begin to lay her own pheromones continuously, and eggs. There is no time to lose. as the worker bees rub against If no eggs or young larvae are her or groom her, they pick up present when the queen dies, or if it some of the scent and pass it to is winter and a virgin queen cannot other bees who pass it to still mate, the colony is out of luck. more bees. As long as her scent After all the queen’s pheromones permeates the colony, all is well. disappear, the workers’ ovaries But if the queen dies or becomes begin to develop, allowing them ill, the scent diminishes and the to lay eggs. But since workers colony members become upset. cannot mate, the eggs they lay Many beekeepers can hear the will produce nothing but drones. difference. Instead of a contended With no way to raise a new queen, hum, the colony seems to roar the colony will soon perish. like a roomful of people who — Rusty Burlew have just received bad news. You

Ask the Bee Expert! Visit backyardbeekeeping.iamcountryside.com and get answers to your beekeeping challenges through our live interactive chat. You can also email us at [email protected] or mail your inquiries to P.O. Box 566, Medford, WI 54451.

JANUARY/FEBRUARY 2020 || 33 ³¸³ :: ¹¦¥¯¸ ©¥¬Á¹§©©²§¬

Black Raspberries (Rubus) 2020 HERB OF THE YEAR

How to Grow, Harvest, and Store Black Raspberries

BY RITA HEIKENFELD

LACK CAPS, BLACK RASPBERRY, thimbleberry. at least six hours of sun during the growing Do any of these names sound familiar? If so, season. Raspberry plants are rhizomes and Bthen you’re familiar with black raspberries. send up new canes directly from the roots. I call black raspberries “berried treasure.” Plant in spring after the last frost. Spacing When we moved to the country years ago, the should be three to ve feet apart and land was abundant with wild fruits, including black about eight feet or so between rows. raspberries. I have many fond memories of my mom and my children foraging with me for black BARE ROOT VS ESTABLISHED PLANTS raspberries in the woods and along our property line. Soak bare root plants before planting Today the berries I gather are cultivated berries from to keep them from drying out. my patch — wild ones are few and far between. Black For both bare root and established plants, dig raspberries are expensive to buy, if you can nd them. a hole deep and wide enough to give the root That’s why black raspberry jelly and jam is such a system room to grow. Spread roots out. special treat and appreciated gift from the kitchen. Put soil evenly around plants, tamping down To get an abundant harvest, you have to know as you go to prevent air pockets. Water well how to grow these dark-hued beauties. and as needed during the growing season. Here’s a few tips to get you started. FERTILIZING GROWING BLACK RASPBERRIES I add a little well-rotted chicken manure to my Black raspberries, like all raspberries, thrive berries in the spring. That seems to do it for me. in a fertile, well-drained location that gets

34 || COUNTRYSIDE & SMALL STOCK JOURNAL "What is a weed? A plant whose virtues have never been discovered." — Ralph Waldo Emerson

Contact your local extension lateral branching where agency for instructions on the berries develop. soil sampling and testing. KEEPING BERRIES HEALTHY WATERING Check with your local Unless we have a really extension agency for disease and Black Raspberries dry spell, Mother Nature environmental controls as they can takes care of watering. differ depending upon the climate. Here’s how you can tell if plants are water stressed: if HARVESTING (Rubus) berries are overwatered, leaves I live in Ohio, zone 6, so my will be pale green to yellow black raspberries start to ripen in and will drop pretty quickly. mid-July. I pick every two days. Underwatering makes the 2020 HERB OF THE YEAR leaves look discolored, sort of STORING yellowish, and dry. The whole I don’t wash my berries prior to plant may look wilted. refrigerating or freezing. Berries keep several days in the refrigerator. PRUNING They keep up to a year when When I rst grew black properly frozen. I freeze my berries raspberries, I didn’t prune much in a single layer, uncovered, until since my only experience was frozen hard. Then I simply pour picking wild berries, which, them in freezer containers where of course, don’t get pruned they stay nicely separated. manually. Because of improper To use refrigerated or frozen pruning, my harvest of berries berries, a quick rinse in a was never abundant. colander is all that’s needed. I now follow the guidelines OK, now that I’ve given you set by my local extension agency tips on how to grow beautiful for pruning. They recommend black raspberries, I want to three times a year: in spring, share my heirloom recipes for FASTFENCE summer, and after fruiting. black raspberry jelly and jam. Infoandbuynowat Pruning stops vertical www.electricnets.com growth. This results in side, (Recipes on the next page.) 800-356-5458

Pretty N’ Sweet F1 Hybrid Five Colors – One Plant! These mini sweet peppers average 1 ¾” long by 1” wide at the shoulders with tapered ends. 2015 AAS winner “Ornamedible” – grow it as an ornamental and an edible! TMV resistance.

We offer conventional, organic, heirloom, and premium hybrid seeds for growers of any size.

NESEED p. (800) 825-5477 122 Park Ave. f. (877) 229-8487 East Hartford, CT [email protected] neseed.com

JANUARY/FEBRUARY 2020 || 35

³¸³ :: ¹¦¥¯¸ ©¥¬Á¹§©©²§¬

BLACK RASPBERRY JELLY Summer in a jar!

INGREDIENTS Don’t try and double a 3 heaping quarts black raspberries batch of jelly or jam. (about 14 cups) enough to make That won’t work. 4Â⁄Ä cups prepared juice 2 tablespoons lemon juice We’re talking food chemistry 1 box dry pectin, 1.75 oz. here. Ingredients have to be 6Â⁄Ä cups sugar measured exactly so that sugar, 7 jars, 8 oz., each, sterilized and kept hot fruit, pectin and acid work 7 two-piece lids, kept in hot, not boiling, water together to make a perfect jell. INSTRUCTIONS Prepare lids and jars. Place berries in large pot and add just enough water to keep them from sticking. Bring only to a simmer and mash berries down to start releasing juices. Place in three layers of cheesecloth or jelly bag in large bowl and tie. Hang and let drip into bowl until dripping stops. Press gently to release all juice. Measure 4½ cups juice in large pot, stir in lemon juice and pectin. Bring to a full rolling boil (a boil that doesn’t stop bubbling when stirred) on high heat, stirring constantly. Add sugar all at once and return to a full rolling boil and boil exactly one minute, stirring constantly. Remove from heat and skim off any foam. Ladle quickly into prepared jars, lling 1 to within ∕8" of the top inside rim. Wipe jar rims and threads with clean, wet cloth. Cover with two- piece lids. Screw bands tightly. Process lled jars ve minutes in boiling water bath. Remove and let cool at room temperature. If a jar does not seal (press down in the center with your nger. If the lid springs up when you release your nger, the jar did not seal), store in the refrigerator up to one month. Store sealed jars in cool, dry dark place up to one year. Refrigerate opened jellies.

BLACK RASPBERRY JAM

The ingredients and prep are a bit different from the jelly, but the instructions for cooking, sealing and storing are the same.

INGREDIENTS 2 heaping quarts black raspberries, enough to make 5 cups crushed berries 2 tablespoons lemon juice 1 box powdered pectin, 1.75 oz. 6Â⁄Ä cups sugar 8 jars, 8 oz., each, sterilized and kept hot 8 two-piece lids, kept in hot, not boiling, water

INSTRUCTIONS Crush raw black raspberries. Sieve ½ of the pulp to remove some seeds if you like. Cook the jam using the same instructions as cooking jelly.

I don’t have enough juice/pulp for jelly or jam.

Add up to one cup water. IS IT A BLACKBERRY OR Augment with other berries for a double BLACK RASPBERRY? berry jelly or jam.

BLACKBERRY: Creative ways to use black raspberry jelly/jam. Pick a blackberry, the whole fruit Filling for jelly rolls and cookies. pulls away from the stem and Add some to your homemade vinaigrette for a leaves a fl at looking place. fruity fl avor. Stir into mu n batter. BLACK RASPBERRY: Pick a black raspberry and you’ll see a little cone-shaped RITA HEIKENFELD is a certifi ed modern herbalist, knob that stays on the stem. culinary educator, and author. Most important, she is a wife, mom, and grandma. Rita lives on a little patch of heaven overlooking the East Fork River in Ohio. Contact Rita at: rita@communitypress. com or see her website abouteating.com

JANUARY/FEBRUARY 2020 || 37 ³¸³ :: ¬§¥ ¹´¯¸¨¶ª©° Wood Heating has never been easier!

SWEEP, REFILL and LIGHT in only

SEA BUCKTHORN: It Started With a Prayer FIVE minutes!

BY TOM AND SHARON PESCINSKI

T STARTED WITH A PRAYER, ON MY HANDS maintenance and harvesting, and do well with and knees weeding the garden. I looked up and mulch or (my preference) a cover crop. Clover and Isaid, "Lord, send me a plant that grows like a weed buckwheat cover crops will provide forage for EPA Step 2 certi ed and is good for all your creation — earth, animal and pollinators and feed for other animals, plus clover meets 2020 emissions limits people.” My husband and I laughed and forgot about it. tea for yourself! In order to have fruit, it is necessary for hydronic heaters Later that year, looking through seed catalogs, we saw to have both a male and female plant growing; tested with cord wood sea buckthorn and looked it up online. The more we one male will easily pollinate seven females. researched the plant and read about it, the more excited In central Wisconsin, they ower in early April and You now can burn wood without getting dirty and take only a few minutes per day. In this time, we became — here was an answer to that prayer! are wind-pollinated. They are native to Siberia and And so began our journey. We ordered the plants hardy to -50 degrees F. Seaberry will grow in marginal you should be able to sweep out the exchanger, add new wood and light the re. and began growing them, learning along the way. soil, actually improving the soil as its spreading root Sea buckthorn, aka seaberry, sandthorn, or system is nitrogen- xing. They will grow in USDA Siberian pineapple, is well-known in Europe and zones 1-7, but do best where the ground freezes in VEDOLUX downdraft indoor wood gasi cation boilers combined Asia where it is widely used and valued for soil, winter for a few months. Experimental crops have water, and wildlife conservation, permaculture and been grown in Arizona and Nevada with mixed with insulated heat storage tanks, allow you to burn the least amount of wood possible land reclaimation, erosion control, barrier hedges results. They are salt- and air-pollution-tolerant. by “batch” burning! call us or visit our website and nd out how we do it... and windbreaks, as medicine, animal feed, for Seaberry plants and fruit are remarkably pest- and nutritional supplementation, cosmetics, and just for disease-resistant. Deer that try to eat the berries run into good healthy eating! It is still relatively unknown the two-inch thorns and usually give up. Most North • SmokeLess Heat LLC in the United States, although it has a 2,000-year American birds do not eat them, although they nd the history of theraputic use in other parts of the world. thorny bushes a safe habitat for nesting. My chickens, • 2020 Cornwall Road Seaberry (Hippophae rhamnoides) is NOT the common however, beg for the picked or dropped berries. When • Lebanon, PA 17042 buckthorn. It is a tree-like shrub, and depending on ripe, the bright orange berries are less than ½-inch • toll-free 855-389-0083 the variety, will grow eight to 20 feet tall if not pruned. long, egg-shaped, and have an edible black seed. The Pruning is very strongly recommended, both for ease fruit is very tart and can be eaten raw or cooked. • [email protected] of harvesting and for vigorous growth. They do best Seaberry can be proprogated through hardwood • http://www.smokelessheat.com with full sun, good drainage, and need one inch of or softwood cuttings, root cuttings, and by seed. water every week until the plant is well-established Depending on the variety, harvest can be mid-August and when the berries are harvested. They will take through mid-September. They are labor-intensive to Dealer Opportunities from four to six years to provide fruit, although with harvest, picking each individual berry while avoiding some TLC you may have berries in three to four years. the thorns — long sleeves are de nitely recommended! Plants should be spaced 12 feet apart to facilitate Some commercial operations will cut berry-laden SmokeLessHeat.com Vedolux 37 with thermal storage tanks 38 || COUNTRYSIDE & SMALL STOCK JOURNAL

full page countryside fall 2017.indd 1 8/29/17 1:56 PM Wood Heating has never been easier!

SWEEP, REFILL and LIGHT in only

FIVE minutes!

EPA Step 2 certi ed meets 2020 emissions limits for hydronic heaters tested with cord wood You now can burn wood without getting dirty and take only a few minutes per day. In this time, you should be able to sweep out the exchanger, add new wood and light the re.

VEDOLUX downdraft indoor wood gasi cation boilers combined with insulated heat storage tanks, allow you to burn the least amount of wood possible by “batch” burning! call us or visit our website and nd out how we do it...

• SmokeLess Heat LLC • 2020 Cornwall Road • Lebanon, PA 17042 • toll-free 855-389-0083 • [email protected] • http://www.smokelessheat.com

Dealer Opportunities SmokeLessHeat.com Vedolux 37 with thermal storage tanks JANUARY/FEBRUARY 2020 || 39

full page countryside fall 2017.indd 1 8/29/17 1:56 PM ³¸³ :: ¬§¥ ¹´¯¸¨¶ª©° Save Your Hay. Save Your Money.

branches, freeze them, and shake the berries off. This cholesterol from arteries. The seed and berry oil are BALE BUDDY does work well and prunes the shrub at the same used topically after radiation exposure due to medical time, but it takes it out of production the next year, treatments, accidental exposure or severe frostbite/ as berries are produced on two-year-old wood. sunburn. There are so many healthcare applications Safe, affordable, effective feeders for all All parts of the seaberry currently utilizing seaberry plant are edible. The berries, products, it is impossible to list your hay feeding needs. seeds, and leaves are used in them all here. Ancient Tibetan smoothies, jams/jellies, cooking medical journals devote 30 and baking, making liquors, chapters to seaberry's uses. and tea. Leaves, bark, and berry Interested persons with residue left over from processing internet access can nd a lot are often used for poultry, hog, of information by searching and horse feed. There have been for "the healing properties positive results documented in of seaberry.” There is also a the general health of animals, growing market for skin and along with increased weight hair care products, as the oil gain. Basically, if it has skin, contains ingredients that rm hair, fur, or feathers it will the skin and increase elasticity. bene t from topical application Seaberry is certainly able or internal intake of seaberry to be grown by many home oil. Studies have documented gardeners and I hope readers increased egg production, with All parts of the plant will want to learn more about the eggs showing high levels of this amazing plant. My husband omega oils, among poultry fed have varying amounts and I currently have eight supplemental seaberry products. varieties of seaberry growing The health bene ts noticed by of nutrients, but the and have decided to market the humans using seaberry are also plants and products we have noticed in animals, including seeds and berries learned to make from it. We are skin and hair/feather repair are the nutritional determined to inform people and growth; cardiovascular of the multitude of bene ts and digestive health. powerhouses due to the to earth, animals, and people The leaves are higher in that this plant offers, and are protein than alfalfa and contain high concentration of willing to share what we have lesser amounts of the oil found learned through much trial and in the berries. All parts of the di¦ erent oils. error with interested persons. plant have varying amounts We can be reached at: of nutrients, but the seeds [email protected]. and berries are the nutritional powerhouses due to Please put "seaberry information" in the subject the high concentration of different oils. It is the only line when you email us. known plant source of omega 3, 5, 7, and 9. It contains signi cant amounts of vitamins A, E, D, K, F, C, Our mailing address is: SLOW BALE BUDDY B-complex; 36 types of avonoids; zinc, iron, calcium, Small Mesh Slow Feeder. Made out of 100% soft, durable knotless selenium, copper; and 18 different amino acids. Tom and Sharon Pescinski nylon netting, with 1 1/2 inch openings, it eliminates waste while Seaberry's use as a topical and internal medicine is P.O. Box 94 allowing your animals to graze at a more natural speed, aiding their digestion and allowing your hay to last longer. Available in all square very well-documented in European, Canadian, Indian, Owen, WI 54460 BIG BALE BUDDY and Asian health care facilities, as well as in Ayurvedic and round bale sizes. *not for use with horned or shod animals* and traditional Chinese medicine. It is routinely used Safe, Affordable Round Bale Feeder, Made of UV protected, heavy for skin and mucous membrane healing — digestive duty woven polypropylene. Keeps your hay clean and contained until your animals eat it. Available in 3 sizes. tract ulcers, wound care, burns, and pressure ulcers. TOM AND SHARON PESCINSKI have been married for Berry purée is added to infant formulas because of over 40 years. They have practiced recycling/re-using and sustainable agriculture/permaculture before it was popular. the plant's ability to stimulate bone growth. This also Both are always interested in learning about new-to-them makes it a rst-line treatment for osteoporosis. ideas and/or techniques for food and energy independence. One Year Warranty. www.bigbalebuddy.com Studies have shown it able to actually remove Direct order or inquiries: 866-389-9952

40 || COUNTRYSIDE & SMALL STOCK JOURNAL * retailer inquires always welcome * Save Your Hay. Save Your Money. BALE BUDDY Safe, affordable, effective feeders for all your hay feeding needs.

SLOW BALE BUDDY Small Mesh Slow Feeder. Made out of 100% soft, durable knotless nylon netting, with 1 1/2 inch openings, it eliminates waste while allowing your animals to graze at a more natural speed, aiding their digestion and allowing your hay to last longer. Available in all square BIG BALE BUDDY and round bale sizes. *not for use with horned or shod animals* Safe, Affordable Round Bale Feeder, Made of UV protected, heavy duty woven polypropylene. Keeps your hay clean and contained until your animals eat it. Available in 3 sizes.

One Year Warranty. www.bigbalebuddy.com Direct order or inquiries: 866-389-9952

* retailer inquires always welcomeJANUARY/FEBRUARY * 2020 || 41 ¶¹ :: §¿¿ §¥¨²°¿ “The key to everything is patience. You get the chicken by hatching the egg, not by smashing it.” — Arnold H. Glasgow

How to Stop Chickens from Eating Their Eggs

BY JANET GARMAN

NE OF THE FRUSTRATING MOMENTS in dried egg can encourage the next hen to peck the chicken keeping is wondering why my egg out of curiosity. The cycle continues and you end Ochickens eat their eggs. After all, we up getting far fewer fresh eggs from your ock. keep chickens so that we can enjoy fresh eggs for Having a curious hen or an alpha hen can also lead breakfast and baking. Egg eating is a phenomenon to a problem with egg eating. Some hens just have to any chicken keeper can encounter. As you reach peck at everything. As she pecks an egg from another into the nest box to collect eggs, you nd a sticky, hen, she makes a hole. Tastes good! Next thing you wet mess instead. If this has happened to you, one know, the egg is being devoured by the ock. or more of your chickens may be an egg eater. WHAT CAN BE DONE ABOUT EGG EATING? WHY DO MY CHICKENS EAT THEIR EGGS? When you’re keeping backyard chickens for eggs and Egg facts tell us that eggs contain a unique the laying chickens don’t provide eggs, some people combination of nutrients and are delicious, too. will have a no tolerance policy and take measures to Unfortunately, if your chickens discover this cull an offending chicken immediately. Personally, delicacy, it can be hard to break the egg eating I have trouble with the thought of culling a chicken habit. One hen will excitedly begin eating an egg for being an egg eater. I try other means of stopping in the nest box, all the while making satis ed the behavior. But what if you don’t know which one clucking sounds. These happy sounds attract is the culprit? In addition to searching the ock for other hens. Now the whole ock is participating in egg on the beak, there are a few tricks you can try. cleaning up the egg. A bad habit has been born. If you can see egg on the beak of one chicken, put Perhaps a weak-shelled egg is broken when the that chicken in time out. A dog crate with food, water, next hen enters the nest box. The hen may quietly and shade can serve as a time out coop for one chicken. clean up the mess, and snuggle in to lay her own Remove or block off the nest where the eggs are egg. As her egg drops to the messy box, some yolk being eaten. will stick to the new egg and dry on the shell. This Pick up eggs frequently. I have had the most success

42 || COUNTRYSIDE & SMALL STOCK JOURNAL “The key to everything is patience. You get the chicken by hatching the egg, not by smashing it.” — Arnold H. Glasgow

with this tactic, but I am on the farm most of the day. If you work currently off the farm, you may have trouble with frequent egg collection. The hatching our fewer eggs left in the coop, the more eggs in your egg basket! 800-451-5603 mthealthy.com most popular Evaluate the ock’s diet. Are they getting enough protein breeds from a balanced diet? cream legbar ayam cemani Place fake chicken eggs in the BarnEvelder Blue LAced Red Wyandotte nest boxes. If a chicken pecks midnight marans Lavender Orpington at a fake egg it won’t get the Black copper marans Blue Plymouth Rock yummy food reward it would red orpington Chocolate orpington from a fresh egg. Another tactic olive egger black laced red wyandotte some people use is to ll a Rhode island blue blblack orpington real eggshell with mustard.

CAN BOREDOM BUSTERS PROVIDE A CURE FOR EGG-EATING? Boredom can play a part in a ock that turns to egg eating. Crowded chicken runs and coops can also play a part. Chickens are inquisitive by nature. If they have little access to dirt, bugs, weeds, and are cooped up most of the time, they may begin destructive behavior or pecking order disputes. Objects such as swings,

JANUARY/FEBRUARY 2020 || 43 ¶¹ :: §¿¿ §¥¨²°¿

outdoor perches, dust bath areas, compost, and large enough for the treats to fall out but not so large chicken treats can help keep them occupied. that they pour out freely. Fill halfway with sun ower Each chicken keeper has a different situation. seeds, ax seeds, dried grain, or meal worms. As the Some can free range their ock with little worry bottle is rolled around the ground, treats will dispense. about predators. Others have to keep their tiny You will be surprised at how fast the chickens catch on ock cooped up during the day while they work. to the game! There are as many right ways to raise chickens as there are chicken keepers. But in each case, DOES FEEDING COOKED EGGS TO learning the needs of your ock is crucial. Free- CHICKENS CONTRIBUTE TO EGG EATING? ranging chickens are going to stay busy roaming Adding extra sources of protein during molt will s m or and foraging. Chickens kept in a coop and run help chickens meet the extra demand for protein. rw situation will need more nutrition and activities Mealworms and scrambled eggs are popular methods supe brought in to them, or risk the effects of boredom. of feeding additional high protein snacks to chickens. Since the eggs are cooked and in a different form than a TREATS TO COMBAT BOREDOM fresh egg, there is no danger of the chickens making the IN THE CHICKEN COOP connection and eating freshly laid eggs from the nest. One of the best methods of combating ock boredom With a little extra effort and adjustment, you and subsequent egg eating is to provide interesting can overcome the problem of chickens eating treats for the ock or boredom busters. There are many their eggs. Your ock can continue to provide do-it-yourself recipes for ock blocks and seasonal you with delicious fresh eggs for the future. winter chicken treats. Often homemade ock block recipes call for simple ingredients baked together into a semi-hard block. A loaf pan is a handy tool to JANET GARMAN is a farmer, writer, instructor, use for baking a ock block. I add oatmeal, black oil and ﬁ ber artist living in central Maryland on the sun ower seeds, raisins, and meal worms to a bowl. family’s farm. She loves all subjects related to small farms and homesteading. Raising chickens, Flax seed, herbs, and other high nutrition foods can ducks, sheep, and ﬁ ber goats led her to write her be added too. Peanut butter, honey, and oil can bind most recent books, 50 Do-it-Yourself Projects for the ingredients together. I never make it the same Keeping Chickens, (Skyhorse Publishing 2018) way twice because I use what I have on hand. The and The Good Living Guide to Raising Sheep and usual baking time is 30 to 40 minutes at 325°F. Other Fiber Animals, (Skyhorse Publishing 2019). Empty two-liter soda bottles can also be made into facebook.com/timbercreekfarm a simple treat dispenser. Add a number of small holes instagram.com/timbercreekfarmandhomestead timbercreekfarmer.com on two sides of the empty bottle. The holes should be

44 || COUNTRYSIDE & SMALL STOCK JOURNAL www.rainbowmealworms.net

Nothing compares to LIVE MEALWORMS — just ask your ock!

Live worms shipped FRESH FROM THE FARM to your front door year round.

Great source of HEALTHY

s m PROTEIN or rw supe and a snack that your ock s m will love! r o lw ea t m gian

Chicken Sampler Packs! Your chickens will have lots to choose from! Your chicks will love our small sized mealworms, while your larger hens and s roosters will love chasing rm wo our lively Superworms! wax ¶¹ :: µ§§«

HOW TO MAKE Homemade Chicken Feed

BY AMY FEWELL

EARNING HOW TO MAKE HOMEMADE on what you want to add to your chicken feed, chicken feed for layers is just as simple as it could be a lot more expensive. If you can nd Lpurchasing pre-made feed from the store, an organic or non-GMO pre-mixed feed that you except, it takes a little more muscle when it comes to really love, and you’re concerned about the extra mixing the feed. It’s a natural and simple alternative to couple of bucks that you’ll save, then stick with commercial layer feed that can be non-GMO or organic it. But if you want to create your own feed with and it takes care of every member of your ock! supplements and herbs, I’ll tell you, you won’t regret Homemade chicken feed is easy to mix together, making your own chicken feed for your ock. will last longer (since you’ll be using whole grains, not crushed), and is quite easy to increase and CHICKEN FEED VITAMINS, MINERALS, AND decrease supplements and minerals as you see t. PROTEIN I’m able to mix up a large batch all at one time. My There are a few things to consider when making your favorite part? My feed actually sprouts when it gets own feed, such as vitamins, minerals, and protein. Here wet, therefore, making sprouting and fermenting are the things chickens need to have in their diet. They our feed all the better and easier to accomplish! can get most of these things by simply free-ranging on Feeding chickens doesn’t have to be a daunting task. pasture, sea kelp, or from kitchen scraps, but for You don’t need to put too much time into thinking con ned chooks, you’ll need to switch it up a bit and about your formula as long as you stick to the basics offer a pre-made mineral and vitamin supplements, laid out in this article. Just make sure you stick to the like Nutri-Drench or Poultry Nutri-Balancer. list of what not to feed chickens on a regular basis (like molded food, etc.), and you’ll be good as gold. ADDING HERBS TO CHICKEN FEED I love adding herbs to my chicken feed because it IS HOMEMADE CHICKEN FEED CHEAPER? allows me to get preventative herbs into their bodies The quick answer to whether a homemade chicken easily. It is also an incredible way to get vitamin and feed is cheaper is, well, no. In fact, depending NUTRIENTS YOUR CHICKENS NEED

VITAMINS MINERALS PROTEIN Vitamins A, D, E, and K Calcium 15-18% protein intake Thiamine (B1) Phosphorous Riboﬂ avin (B2) Magnesium A Note on Salt: Vitamin B12 Manganese Salt provides a great source of Folic Acid Iron minerals and sodium chloride, Biotin Copper and chickens do need salt in Pantothenic Acid Iodine their diet, however, it should Choline Zinc never exceed .5% of their diet. Niacin Cobalt nutrient-rich properties into their TIME TO MAKE THE eggs, which in return bene ts us! CHICKEN FEED Make sure you are using dried Now that we’ve gotten the herbs if you are mixing them basic information together, we into feed, but more importantly, can ef ciently start making the don’t mix herbs into large batches chicken feed rations! The recipe of feed. Also, it’s best not to use on the following page is simple powdered herbs, as you’ll lose them and gives you some exibility all during mixing because they’ll with the ingredients. Play around fall to the bottom of the feed. with them, especially the herbs, Simply make an herbal mix, according to your ock’s needs! keep it in an airtight container, and Don’t forget that grit is necessary then add a scoopful of herbs to the for chickens that aren’t on pasture feed ration each day. Your herbs or free ranging. It helps the gizzard will stay fresher longer, and their break up grains and feed. You ef cacy much higher. Here are can purchase grit, or even just some herbs and things to consider grab a handful of sand near a adding to your feed ration: creek bed to throw in with your • calendula chickens. Grit consists of small • chamomile pebbles, sand, and other natural • nasturtium gritty substances from the earth. • mint (peppermint or spearmint) • rosemary SOAKING CHICKEN FEED • garlic FOR ADDED BENEFITS • thyme Learning how to make • oregano homemade chicken feed rst is • basil key, but learning how to ef ciently • chia seeds soak it should totally be next on • ax seeds your list of things to learn. • sun ower seeds

JANUARY/FEBRUARY 2020 || 47 ¶¹ :: F§§«

Basic Natural Chicken Feed Recipe Based on 100 lbs of feed

wheat (20 to 25 lbs) cracked corn (20 to 25 lbs) peas, split or whole (20 to 25 lbs) oats, optional (do not feed in excess of 15% as they can cause runny droppings) black oil sunﬂower seeds (5 lbs) ﬂax seed (1lb, do not exceed 10%) mineral premix, optional (.5 to 2 lbs, depending on pasture availability)

Free Choice: sea kelp grit cultured dry yeast ﬁsh meal (optional, not to exceed 5%) calcium source (eggs shells, aragonite, or oyster shell)

*Slight ﬂexibility has been given in the base portion of this recipe so that you can adjust according to your needs if you pasture range. Birds that are on pasture generally get more vitamins and nutrients than those in conﬁnement.

I love this homemade feed because it naturally careful, though. Squirrels and other rodents love sprouts on its own when it gets wet. This is such an getting into the soaking feed, so make sure whatever important element of feed because it means that the cover you use allows airow, but is rodent proof. organic matter is alive. It’s easier for your chickens Place the bucket in a safe area until you’re to digest, but to make your chicken feed even more ready to feed your chooks the following morning. digestible, it’s best to soak this feed for 24 hours. It’s best to make a new batch every morning When we take an organic matter like split peas, so that your feed has soaked for a complete whole wheat, and sunower seeds, and we soak it 24 hours before giving it to your ock. overnight, the organic material begins to start breaking When ready, pour off all the water and feed your down and sprouting. This is great for your chickens chickens the soaked feed. Typically, your chickens because it also begins adding good bacteria into their will eat less of the soaked feed than they would digestive tract, and makes it easier for them to digest non-soaked feed. For this reason, when you rst their food. Their gizzard isn’t working overtime to begin, monitor their intake and adjust accordingly. break down the food, and they’ll receive more nutrients You’ll save on feed usage by at least a quarter from the soaked grains. This is a fantastic way to help of what you normally feed un-soaked feed. lessen the risk of sour crop and nutrient de ciencies. And that’s it! You’ve made your own chicken feed and you’ve learned how simple it is to soak it to offer HOW TO SOAK YOUR CHICKEN FEED digestive bene ts and save on feed consumption! The amount of feed you soak will depend on your ock size. For a ock size of 25 birds, I use a ve-gallon food-grade bucket and ll it up with AMY FEWELL is the head chicken wrangler and homesteader two large scoops of feed. This generally lls the at The Fewell Homestead. Along with her family, she resides in the foothills of the Blue Ridge mountains in Virginia. She is bucket up about a quarter of the way with feed. the founder of the Homesteaders of America conference and Next, I ll the bucket up three-quarters of the way organization, and the author of the books, The Homesteader’s with fresh clean water, stir the mixture around, and Herbal Companion and The Homesteader’s Natural then place a loosely tted cover over it, or a rag. Be Chicken Keeping Handbook. thefewellhomestead.com

48 || COUNTRYSIDE & SMALL STOCK JOURNAL JANUARY/FEBRUARY 2020 || 49 AA GUIDEGUIDE TOTO DIFFERENTDIFFERENT COLORED CHICKENCHICKEN EGGSEGGS green,green, pink, pink, blue blue and and even even chocolate chocolate brown.brown.

GREENGREEN EGGS EGGS DARK BROWNBROWN EGGSEGGS ToTo add add a afew few green green eggs eggs in in your your basket, basket, consider consider raising Welsummers,mers, BarnBarneveveleldders,ers, PPeneeneddesencas,esencas, ananddMaran Marans s somesome aptly aptly named named Easter Easter Eggers, Eggers, Olive Olive Eggers, Eggers, or or Favauca- Favauca- nas.nas. Several Several other other breeds breeds lay lay varying varying shades shades of of green green eggs. IsbarsIsbars also also lay lay a a range range of of greenish-colored greenish-colored eggs eggs from from mossy mossy WHITE EGGSEGGS toto mint mint green. green. but several other Mediterranean breeds of chickens includ- CRCREAEAM/PINKISHM/PINKISH EGGSEGGS but several other Mediterranean breeds of chickens includ- Lakenvelders, Polish,Polish, andand HamburgHamburg hens. hens. Silkies,Silkies, and and Faverolles Faverolles all all lay lay a a pinkish-cream pinkish-cream egg. egg. Some EasterEaster Eggers Eggers will will also also lay lay cream cream oror pinkpink eggs.eggs.

EGGEGG COLORS COLORS WHITEWHITE BLUEBLUE GREEN DARKDARK BROWN BROWN PINKISH/CREAMPINKISH/CREAM BYBY BREED BREED EGGSEGGS EGGSEGGS EGGS EGGSEGGS EGGSEGGS AmeraucanaAmeraucana X AraucanaAraucana X CreamCream Legbar Legbar X EasterEaster Egger Egger X X XX OliveOlive Egger Egger X FavaucanaFavaucana X SussexSussex XX JavaJava XX AustralorpAustralorp XX SilkieSilkie XX OrpingtonOrpington XX FaverollesFaverolles XX WelsummerWelsummer XX BarnevelderBarnevelder XX MaransMarans XX PenedesencaPenedesenca XX LeghornLeghorn XX AndalusianAndalusian XX INCLUDING: Ancona X Ancona X Lakenvelder X Lakenvelder X Polish X Polish X supports gut health promotes Hamburg X Hamburg X and immunity vibrant yolks Available at your local dealer or online at:

50 || COUNTRYSIDE & SMALL STOCK JOURNAL kalmbachfeeds.com/where-buy • amazon.com • chewy.com AA GUIDEGUIDE TOTO DIFFERENTDIFFERENT COLORED CHICKENCHICKEN EGGSEGGS green,green, pink, pink, blue blue and and even even chocolate chocolate brown.brown.

kalmbachfeeds.com/where-buy • amazon.comJANUARY/FEBRUARY • chewy.com 2020 || 51 ²±²¹ & ¹º¡µ :: ¬¶§§Á "As for butter versus margarine, I trust cows more than chemists." — Joan Gussow

The Beautiful Black Welsh Mountain Sheep

BY TIM KING

OBIN MORSE, OF BANKSIDE FARM registered ewes along with what Robin describes in the Snoqualmie River Valley near as "a generous number of carefully selected rams,” RDuVall Washington, and Oogie Maguire, all of which represent genetics from at least three of Desert Weyr near Paonia, Colorado, both different UK champion Black Welsh Mountain rams. raise Black Welsh Mountain sheep. Robin says that both her BWM rams and ewes, "They are really a terri c breed of sheep," Robin, which she describes as being mid-sized sheep, who has been raising the hardy long tailed and all have been exceptionally easy to handle. black sheep for 15 years, said. "This is a wonderfully "A remarkable characteristic about this breed of friendly, intelligent breed of sheep and their sheep, at least within our ock, is that they are happy beautiful black eeces are much in demand by to cooperate and very glad to do what we'd like them hand-spinners, knitters, and weavers who prefer to do, as long as we have the courtesy and good to work with a naturally black wool, rather than sense to let them know what it is we'd like them to with a ber that must be arti cially dyed black." do and where we'd like them to go to do whatever The color of the all black four-inch- long eeces it is we want them do and by which route," Robin was a primary factor when the Morse family chose said. "We've always found our sheep to be extremely Black Welsh Mountain sheep to be their breed. The intelligent and un aggingly eager to please." fact that the Livestock Conservancy ranks the breed That intelligent and congenial nature includes as threatened, due to its low population numbers, excellent mothering traits among the ewes. also made them attractive to Robin and her family. "They are extraordinarily wonderful mothers who "When it came time to consider which breed seem to bond immediately with their lambs well before of sheep to raise, my husband, our son, and those lambs are even born," Robin said. "I nd this a I all knew we wanted to lend our efforts to a particularly compelling trait that is always a wonder rare and heritage breed of sheep in need of to witness however, many times we've seen it repeated conservation and preservation," Robin said. with every mother and her lambs that we've had the Bankside Farm generally has between 25-30 pleasure of being present for at their births."

52 || COUNTRYSIDE & SMALL STOCK JOURNAL "As for butter versus margarine, I trust cows more than chemists." — Joan Gussow

2020 Dorper Upcoming Events dorper.org

JAN 22-25 AMERICAN SHEEP INDUSTRY CONVENTION Scottsdale, AZ • For more info: www.sheepusa.org

JAN 31 - FEB 2 FT. WORTH STOCK SHOW & RODEO – FORT WORTH REGIONAL DORPER & WHITE DORPER SHOW Fort Worth, TX • For more info: www.fwssr.com

FEB 9-10 SAN ANTONIO LIVESTOCK SHOW & RODEO San Antonio, TX • For more info: www.sarodeo.com

FEB 14-16 SAN ANGELO LIVESTOCK SHOW & RODEO Twinning is fairly common San Angelo, TX • For more info: www.sanangelorodeo.com among BWM ewes and triplets, MAR 4-6 HOUSTON LIVESTOCK SHOW & RODEO although quite rare, do occur. Reliant Park, Houston, TX • For more info: www.rodeohouston.com "Black Welsh Mountain ewes APR 24-25 MID AMERICA DORPER SHOW & SALE AND GENERAL quite regularly produce twins, MEMBERSHIP MEETING as well as similarly sturdy single Stephens County Fair & Expo Center lambs," Robin said. "The incidence Duncan, OK • For more info: www.dorper.org of twins increases when both DATE TBD OHIO DORPER SHOWCASE SALE the ewe and the ram with whom Eaton, OH • For more info: www.bannersheepmagazine.com she's been mated are each twins MAY 16 SUNFLOWER CLASSIC DORPER & WHITE DORPER SALE themselves. They produce plenty Kansas State Fairgrounds, Hutchinson, KS • of milk for their lambs, whether For more info: www.dorper.com twins or singles. Triplets are far MAY 16-17 WESTERN STATES DORPER & WHITE DORPER SHOW & SALE less common, though we've had Modesto, CA • For more info: www.wsdorpers.com triplets born within our ock JUN 23-25 MIDWEST STUD RAM SHOW & SALE and their fabulous mother did a Sedalia, MO • For more info: www.midwestsale.com wonderful job making certain all JUL 2-5 ALL AMERICAN JUNIOR SHEEP SHOW three of her lambs had access to as East Lansing, MI • For more info: www.allamericanjuniorshow.com much milk as they each needed." JUL 24-25 SOUTHERN STATES DORPER & WHITE DORPER SHOW & SALE Robin lets the ewes wean Cookeville, TN • For more info: dorper.org their lambs at their own pace. "We feel strongly about SEPT 11-12 TEXAS HILL COUNTRY DORPER SALE For more info: dorper.org encouraging our ewes to wean their lambs on their own schedule," she said. "In doing so, we've found our lambs experience much less stress when it is their own mother making that decision, rather than whatever a wall calendar indicates is convenient for us. We also make sure our ram lambs are separated from their mothers only by one fence-line for the rst several weeks. This, too, in our experience goes a long way toward reducing any anxiety our ewes and their newly separated ram lambs might otherwise experience and makes for much happier and healthier sheep."

JANUARY/FEBRUARY 2020 || 53 ²±²¹ & ¹º¡µ :: ¬¶§§Á

Black Welsh Mountain rams are horned and selecting for truly black eeces with at least Bankside Farm gives horn quality a lot of attention. a four-inch-staple length, good structure, Early breeding in the U.S. ock had focused on and a particularly pleasing hand. encouraging a somewhat heavier, more substantial Black Welsh Mountain sheep that spend set of horns than that preferred by Welsh and British their days on sunny pastures develop breeders. Since Robin always selects with the UK Black sun-lightened tips on their eeces. Welsh Mountain breed standard rmly in mind, she "That pretty coppery tinge has a name in Welsh," preferred not to have the heavy horns in her ock. Robin said. "It's called cochddu," meaning reddish- "Our foundation Black brown. "It's quite common on Welsh Mountain ram was a the tips of the eeces of these handsome, well-built F1 ram hardy sheep who thrive in from imported UK champion "It's called cochddu," open pastures and hillsides for Black Welsh Mountain at least three-quarters of every semen, who had a lovely set meaning reddish-brown. year, depending on where and of perfectly matched horns in which climate they live." conforming much more closely "It's quite common on "We've been working on to the accepted UK breed minimizing any sun-lightening standard for horns, as well as the tips of the ﬂeeces of tendency within our own ock having wonderful wool and a these hardy sheep who by providing both shelter lovely temperament," Robin and shade for our sheep said. "After another couple thrive in open pastures and also by continuing to of years we brought in rst select for the blackest eeces one ram and then another and hillsides for at least amongst members of our ock from a different registered who also seem less prone to ock, but in doing so began three-quarters of every cochddu, or whose eeces to see some of those earlier year, depending on where develop cochddu only on the heavier style of horns. At that very small tips of their nice point we began to select in and in which climate they black eeces," Robin said. earnest for the less heavy, more In preparation for spinning, graceful, so-called teacup- live." Robin hand combs her eeces. shaped horns favored by the "I nd that almost all of UK breed standard. Happily, the reddish-brown tips are it wasn't long before we began almost instantly eliminated to see more and more of the horns we preferred, and on backside of my wool combs on the very rst pass. very often the eeces on those, particularly rams, After one or two additional passes with my combs, the exempli ed the blacker, softer, yet still-resilient, and hand-combed true top I draw off of these combs is both longer staple-length wool that we also preferred." very black and ready to spin — just the way I like it." Bankside Farm also puts a lot attention on It was the quality of the BWM eeces and an interest

54 || COUNTRYSIDE & SMALL STOCK JOURNAL in the ber arts that brought Oogie Maguire, of Desert Weyr, to the breed. At the time, Oogie had a serious ber arts project in mind. "I wanted a traditional Welsh medieval black cloak," Oogie said. "Most folks would go buy a cloak or maybe buy fabric and make one but not me. I bought the sheep, learned to spin, learned to weave, bought a loom, wove the fabric, learned to sew and made my cloak. I also learned that my idea of what was a proper cloak was not accurate for medieval times but I still love my cloak. It's more accurate for the 18th century. It took me six years to weave the fabric, two years to get the courage to cut it, and two weeks to cut and hand sew my cloak." "Along the way I slowly culled out the other breeds, as the more I worked with the Black Welsh the Why Katahdins? • Natural parasite resistance • Medium frame and mild tasting • Strong maternal traits • Adaptable to any climate • No wool, no shearing

katahdins.org A Breed Whose Time Has Come

Katahdin Hair Sheep International PO Box 739 Annual EXPO and SALE Fowlerville, MI 48836 Online Membership and Breeder Directories 717-335-8280 Online Registration [email protected]

JANUARY/FEBRUARY 2020 || 55 ²±²¹ & ¹º¡µ :: ¬¶§§Á

more I loved everything about them and the more I FARM TO FORK disliked the other breeds for one reason or another," she continued. "I decided that since I was going to spend so much time and effort on the sheep I had to love them." "I like to work with wool from many breeds and I like to eat many other breeds and I like how many other breeds are to handle and manage but for the combination of ease of handling and management, lovely wool — for certain purposes, and wonderful tasting meat, the Black Welsh were the only breed that survived my culling process," Oogie, who writes a blog about everything from arti cial insemination to scone recipes, said. The story is that the meat of Welsh Mountain sheep were much sought after by the most discerning eaters in the 19th century. In England they were particularly renowned because Queen Victoria favored their mutton, above all breeds, at the Royal Table. Desert Weyr believes that 21st century eaters can be as sophisticated as Queen Victoria and her Royal Table. Accordingly, Desert Weyr does not market Black Welsh Mountain lamb. "For a tasty avorful treat sized for today's ethical eater, try some of our wonderful mutton," proudly trumpets their website desertweyr.com. Oogie fully guarantees customer satisfaction on all of her meat including French Rack of Mutton for $23.99/lb. In addition to her other cuts, Oogie sells two styles of sausage. "It's a richer avor but still milder than much of the U.S. lamb," she said. "It is very lean and has very good levels of omega acids as veri ed by testing. It is hard to sell mutton but once people get over the name they love it. We provide guarantees on all of our meat and in all the years I've only had to replace three pieces for people who were unhappy." With that level of satisfaction, Oogie points out that processing costs for an 80-pound SLOW COOKER LAMB CURRY lamb are the same as for a 140-pound adult. So, selling mutton is more pro table. RECIPE PROVIDED BY THE MODERN PROPER "They grow more slowly in our all pasture and forage based system with no grain and I need more time for them to nish and the meat to marble," she said. INGREDIENTS INSTRUCTIONS Welsh Mountain sheep were bred to graze 4 lbs American lamb shoulder, bone in salt Generously season shoulder steaks with salt and pepper. on pasture and eat hay and generally require Pepper Heat a cast iron skillet over high heat and add in oil. no grain. They generally don't have parasite 2 tbsp olive oil problems, even in wet climates like Western Working with half of the lamb should steaks brown both 1 large can crushed tomatoes Washington, and they don't experience hoof rot. sides and set aside. Finish with remaining steaks. 1 onion, minced Both Desert Weyr and Bankside Farm sell breeding In a large slow cooker add in tomatoes, onions, garlic, 4 garlic cloves, minced stock throughout the U.S. Bankside Farm is one of cumin, turmeric, cinnamon and 1 tsp of salt. Stir until 1 tbsp cumin only three USDA/APHIS/SFCP Export Certi ed just mixed together. Fit browned lamb into the liquid 1 tbsp tumeric ocks in the U.S. and Desert Weyr has experience and cover. Cook on high for 4 hours. 2 tsp cinnamon exporting to Canada. You can learn more about 1 small head cauliﬂower, cut into small ﬂorets When the curry has 1 hour le , add in the cauliower the two farms and Black Welsh Mountain sheep and give everything a good stir. by visiting Desert Weyr at desertweyr.com and Basmati rice for serving Serve cauliower over warm rice with a scoop of yogurt Bankside Farm at banksideblackwelsh.com. Naan for serving Plain yogurt for serving and fresh cilantro. Enjoy!

56 || COUNTRYSIDE & SMALL STOCK JOURNAL FARM TO FORK

SLOW COOKER LAMB CURRY

RECIPE PROVIDED BY THE MODERN PROPER

INGREDIENTS INSTRUCTIONS 4 lbs American lamb shoulder, bone in salt Generously season shoulder steaks with salt and pepper. Pepper Heat a cast iron skillet over high heat and add in oil. 2 tbsp olive oil Working with half of the lamb should steaks brown both 1 large can crushed tomatoes sides and set aside. Finish with remaining steaks. 1 onion, minced In a large slow cooker add in tomatoes, onions, garlic, 4 garlic cloves, minced cumin, turmeric, cinnamon and 1 tsp of salt. Stir until 1 tbsp cumin just mixed together. Fit browned lamb into the liquid 1 tbsp tumeric and cover. Cook on high for 4 hours. 2 tsp cinnamon 1 small head cauliﬂower, cut into small ﬂorets When the curry has 1 hour le , add in the cauliower Basmati rice for serving and give everything a good stir. Naan for serving Serve cauliower over warm rice with a scoop of yogurt Plain yogurt for serving and fresh cilantro. Enjoy! ²±²¹ & ¹º¡µ :: ¯ª¦« ¬¨©§¬¬

PREVENTING COLD STRESS IN CATTLE

BY HEATHER SMITH THOMAS

EATHER STRESS ADVERSELY AFFECTS 40 degrees F, whereas cattle with heavy winter cattle health and well-being. Stressed coat can stay comfortable at temperatures below Wanimals are more vulnerable to illness. zero if there’s no wind. They also adjust to cold Cattle generally need more care during cold or weather by increasing metabolic rate. Increased wet weather and this includes additional feed. metabolism increases heat production and will Providing adequate nutrition to cows and calves also increase appetite and they eat more. can reduce incidence of illness or loss of animals. Feed intake increases and passage of feed through Cattle that have a chance to acclimate gradually the digestive tract speeds up. Feed requirements for to winter develop thick hair coat and put on body cattle in cold weather may go up 10 to 15%. All of these fat if feed sources are adequate, enabling them to changes contribute to increase in heat production so withstand much colder temperatures, but some the animal can withstand winter temperatures. If a situations put them at risk for hypothermia. cow gets too cold, however, heat loss and cold stress Conditions that lead to cold stress include wind reduce appetite and decrease her ef ciency of feed in combination with cold temperatures, wet conversion. Body metabolism is adversely affected if weather (which negates the insulating quality body temperature drops. Mammals must maintain of a uffy hair coat) and inadequate forage. a fairly constant body temperature to keep up the Hungry cows are cold cows; forage is broken metabolic processes that enable the body to function. down and digested in the rumen by microbial If temperatures drop below the animal’s comfort action, and this fermentation/breakdown zone, there’s not only an increase in maintenance process produces heat. Cattle eat more in cold requirements, but digestibility is reduced. This further weather to generate adequate body heat. increases the feed needs of cattle. Research has shown With short summer hair, cows may chill (and there’s a decline of about 1% in feed digestibility need more food) when temperatures drop below for each 2 degrees of temperature drop, but cattle

58 || COUNTRYSIDE & SMALL STOCK JOURNAL Katahdin Hair Sheep “Shackaloa Creek Ranch” that are adapted to cold weather have more ef cient digestion • Exceptional Maternal Instincts at cold temperatures and are more resistant to the depressing • Aggressive Foragers & Breeders effects of cold on digestion. Body condition is extremely • Excellent For Cross Breeding important. Cattle that get too thin during a cold or wet winter suffer • More Lambs Raised To Weaning more cold stress than fatter cows (since fat serves as insulation • Documented Parasite Resistance and a source of energy reserves). Fief Family Farm A thin cow must rob even more Great Sheep For Serious People! body fat to burn as energy to keep Earl & Mickie Burris Howard & Susian Covington Howard & Lavonne Brown warm. It becomes a vicious cycle. Shackaloa Creek Ranch HSC Katahdin Farm Lazy B Livestock If a cow has a good winter coat, Smithdale, MS Livingston, Texas Prague, OK she does ne until temperature (601) 567-2513 (936) 520-2689 (405) 567-5163 drops below about 20 degrees F. [email protected] [email protected] [email protected] www.echota-scrkatahdin.com www.hsckatahdin.com www.lazybkatahdins.com Below that, she must compensate for heat loss by increasing energy Drs. Nathan & W. K. Krueger Jenny Smith-Briggs Sam & Babette Fief Trinity River Katahdins S B Ranch Fief Family Farm intake, to increase heat production Centerville, Texas Zephyr, Texas La Junta, CO and maintain body temperature. (979) 324-1160 (325) 642-8135 (719) 468-0928 Healthy cows in average body [email protected] [email protected] [email protected] www.trinityrivertailsfarm.com www.smithbriggsranch.com www.fieffamilyfarm.com condition (body score 5 on scale

JANUARY/FEBRUARY 2020 || 59 ²±²¹ & ¹º¡µ :: ¯ª¦« ¬¨©§¬¬

WINDBREAKS AND BEDDING

Natural windbreaks of trees/brush make good protection for cattle. In pens or pastures without natural windbreaks, boards on fences can reduce wind chill by up to 70%. In extremely cold weather, provide bedding (straw, wood chips/shavings)

for cattle. Without of 1 to 9) or higher, acclimated will result in lower pregnancy bedding, energy to cold weather, have a lower rates the next breeding season. critical temperature point. This is In cold weather, cattle need more requirements in the point at which maintenance roughage in the diet, either as requirements increase and you must pasture or grass hay or good quality sub-zero weather feed them more. This is the lower straw. Then they can keep warm — limit of the comfort zone, below as long as they have enough protein may increase by which the animal must increase to feed the rumen microbes that 12 to 15% on a cold the rate of heat production. ferment and digest roughage. Lower critical temperature A little alfalfa hay or a protein night, and cattle must for cattle depends on hair coat supplement should be added to the and how much fat layer is under diet if cattle are grazing mature, have more food, just the skin; a heavy winter coat dormant pastures in winter, or provides much more insulation being fed grass hay that’s low in to o¦ set the heat lost than summer hair and they won’t protein. The additional protein will when they have to lie need extra energy to keep warm enable them to utilize more forage. until temperature drops below Well-fed cattle that can get out of on cold ground. that point or they get wet. If cows the wind, with shelter from wet are not receiving extra nutrition weather, won’t suffer hypothermia. to provide the needed body heat, If weather is cold and windy, they burn fat and lose weight. cows must eat more. If they spend Weight loss during late gestation all their time behind windbreaks

60 || COUNTRYSIDE & SMALL STOCK JOURNAL Milk Bar Lamb Feeders

· Feeder designs for every farm · Nipples maximize salvation, discouraging gulping

265-3007 Milk Bar 7 Feeder shown with 7 lambs feeding at one time.

800 7 76 7042 coburn.com

09.2019 sheep! Milk Bar Ad.indd 1 9/20/2019 8:18:03 AM

or huddled in a group to protect Pig Equipment themselves from wind, rather than grazing, they can’t eat enough to maintain body heat. Even if pasture is available, they may not start grazing until temperatures are warmest in midday, and lose weight because they’re not eating enough. Under these conditions you need to feed hay or a supplement early in the day to get them going, and then they’ll usually start grazing.

WHAT TO FEED In cold weather, high-quality leafy alfalfa by itself is not the best feed. Even though it supplies plenty of protein, calcium, vitamin A and other important nutrients, it doesn’t have enough ber to provide heat energy during cold weather. Cattle fed high-quality hay as their www.farmstead-equipment.com | 855-910-7044

JANUARY/FEBRUARY 2020 || 61 ²±²¹ & ¹º¡µ :: ¯ª¦« ¬¨©§¬¬

Newborn calves in cold weather are at much greater risk for cold stress than their mothers.

only forage source may lose weight. Alfalfa alone is hinders a calf’s ability to absorb the antibodies in not adequate for cattle when weather is really cold; colostrum. Thin cows may not produce adequate levels they gobble it up and stand around shivering. They of antibodies in their colostrum if their diet has been need more ber in the rumen to create heat energy. short on protein. Calf survivability is lower in thin If cows are cold, they need all the roughage they’ll cows, and the thin cow’s ability to rebreed is hindered. clean up. You can’t feed that much high-quality alfalfa Newborn calves in cold weather are at much greater or they may bloat. Beef cows don’t need dairy quality risk for cold stress than their mothers, even if they alfalfa and it isn’t the best feed for cold weather. had adequate nutrients during gestation. They are Alfalfa for beef cows can be lower quality (more wet, and chill quickly unless mama licks them dry. stems/ ber and less leaves) or a grass/alfalfa mix Her rough tongue pulls off birth uids, uffs up the if fed as the primary forage source, or fed in small hair, and enables a calf to dry faster. The calf must quantities as a protein supplement. A small amount suckle as soon as possible, since colostrum not only of good alfalfa per day (or the daily alfalfa ration provides important antibodies against disease but doubled and fed every other day) can supply the also contains nearly twice as much fat as regular “gut bugs” with adequate protein to do their job, and milk, providing instant energy for keeping warm. augment protein/mineral/vitamin levels of poor- Nutrients in colostrum enable the newborn calf to quality roughage such as dry pasture or low-quality more readily withstand cold temperature. Once grass hay or straw. Alfalfa or protein supplement can he’s nursed and dry, he won’t get as chilled. balance the diet and enable cows to utilize poorer Young calves don’t have a functional rumen and can’t quality forage to best advantage. When it gets really produce as much body heat (via rumen digestion/ cold, cows do ne if you feed as much poor-quality fermentation of forage) as a cow. They also don’t have roughage they can eat — straw or low-quality, mature as much body fat for insulation. If a calf is born in cold grass hay — and enough alfalfa or protein supplement weather, make sure he gets dry quickly and can get up to provide the necessary protein for digesting it. and nurse. Also provide shelter for young calves so they can get away from wind. They don’t handle wind COLD STRESS IN CALVES chill very well because of their small body mass. Nutrition of the pregnant cow makes a difference in the health and strength of her calf. Pregnant cows in cold weather need adequate feed for their own HEATHER SMITH THOMAS ranches with her husband maintenance and warmth and for the pregnancy near Salmon, Idaho, raising cattle and a few horses. and for creating adequate good-quality colostrum. She has a B.A. in English and history. She has raised Calves born to thin cows may be compromised in and trained horses for 50 years, and has been body condition and immune health — more prone writing freelance articles and books nearly that long, to disease during their rst weeks of life. They may publishing 20 books and more than 9,000 articles for horse and livestock publications. Find Heather be born weak, unable to get up quickly and nurse — online at heathersmiththomas.blogspot.com. not getting colostrum soon enough. Cold stress also

62 || COUNTRYSIDE & SMALL STOCK JOURNAL ..A.:: ANIMAL:: PRODUCTSz INTRODUCINGTHE El POWER PAK By admin_patrice I Published May JO, 1018 OPTIONAL ACCESSORY

lii!W The answer is the ElPower Pak, specially designed to operate the Ultimate El Milker. The Power Pak is capableof using the 20-volt We have sold De Walt and the 18-volt Makita and over 850 units to the Milwaukee batteries. We recommend in communities. using at least a 5-amp battery for Pla longer sustained mi/kings. Reserve yours now! ORDER YOURS TODAY! Visit EZAnimalProducts.com Put this on your "BUCKET" list! for demo videos! New Bucket Milker, 2½gallons plastic and stainless, powered Cows, Goats or Sheep by your own De Walt, Makita or Milwaukee Batteries. and we will do it!

New Bucket Milker, 2½ gallons have arrived. Call forpricing. Ask about our bundle pricing!

Our new upgraded SS 2.6 gallon is available!! 100 % Amish Approved, 3 differentsizes of Siliconeinflations.

EZ Animal Products 800-287-4791 • Cell 507-213-2126 www.udderlyez.com • [email protected] (Equipped to milk 4 teats at once or two animals at the same time.) ²±²¹ & ¹º¡µ :: ¦²±§¬¨ª¯¸

Rethinking Husbandry and Animal Housing

Incorporating Psychological Needs into Our Practices

Sheep need familiar companions, access to shelter, and facilities BY TAMSIN COOPER to scratch, such as a log.

NIMAL HUSBANDRY CURRENTLY FOCUSES human feelings and motives to animals, especially on health, reproduction, and security. We have if we are fond of them, but we may not do them any Abuilt ef cient and hygienic systems, which favors by doing so. We need to be aware of their have been optimized commercially for production. limitations as well as their capabilities, and ensure Recent cognitive studies reveal a new dimension that we provide an environment in which they can that we should be prepared to accommodate if we meet their biological needs. These go beyond food, wish our animals to live healthy, ful lling lives, and safety, and sound bodies to include behavior and if commercial practices are to remain sustainable. mental stimulation that are essential for animal well- Cognitive research examines the mental capacities being. We need to be prepared to take on new ideas of animals and how they perceive and react to their and adapt our systems to improve our animals’ environment. So far, researchers have only scratched life experience as new knowledge is revealed. the surface of what can be learned about farm animals’ Farm animals are highly social, having evolved minds. Those of us who are close to our animals gain as herd animals ne-tuned to predatory risk. The notions of the depth of their emotional lives. However, depth and complexity of their social lives may not many consumers and businesses still conceive of farm be fully appreciated in management systems where animals as simplistic. The growing body of evidence animals are frequently regrouped according to age, points to abilities and complexity far beyond what has productive cycle, or trading requirements. Not only been assumed. Data reveal that commercial farmers do herd animals prefer familiar companions and seek can bene t from improved long-term production by to eject strangers, they need a stable group to avoid catering to their livestock’s welfare, as stress impairs con ict and stress. Some species, notably cattle and animals’ immune systems and productivity. As goats, form bonds with preferred individuals. Long- backyard farmers, we too can bene t from cognitive term bonds confer emotional bene ts which cannot insights to ensure the well-being of those in our care. be established when herd composition is frequently Welfare assessment has shifted from the prevention changed. Similarly, strong bonds are quickly built of suffering to meeting animals’ physical and between dam and offspring, notably in cattle, sheep, psychological needs, for which we need to know and goats. The dairy system imposes early separation more about animal minds. It is easy to assign of parent and newborn, which is temporarily

64 || COUNTRYSIDE & SMALL STOCK JOURNAL distressing and has long-term implications for the youngsters’ behavioral development. Research has con rmed considerable social skills for identifying familiar companions. Sheep recognize both human and sheep faces from photographs and remember their ock-mates’ faces for several years. Goats use heads, bodies, and voices to distinguish familiar herd-mates. Vision is used less by pigs, who are more reliant on smell. They use visual, vocal, and scent clues to identify their companions and, to some extent, familiar humans. Identi cation of humans may be less precise: pigs using mainly body height, while cattle use face, body, and clothing features. However, animals that are treated gently identify and prefer familiar handlers, whereas those treated roughly generalize their fear to other humans. Farm animals also pick up on their companions’ emotions by their smell and the sound of their calls. Sheep and goats are sensitive to the facial expressions of herd mates, while goats and horses react to human facial expression. The behavior of companions in uences how animals approach vital resources. Pigs in trials altered their foraging behavior to avoid a dominant sow stealing from them. Handlers’ manner greatly affects livestock behavior. With non-threatening posture, positive reinforcement training, and gentle handling, we can greatly reduce stress and fear associated with handling and transport. Staring and looming over animals can be fear inducing: sheep were more mobile and vigilant while being stared at. Goats and horses are well aware of when we are paying attention to them. We can reduce the stress of handling and recognize their needs if we are sensitive to animals’ body language and

JANUARY/FEBRUARY 2020 || 65 ²±²¹ & ¹º¡µ :: ¦²±§¬¨ª¯¸ Goat Treats SNACKS FOR GOATS OF ALL AGES

Crafted with Oatmeal!

Horses enjoy ball play. Photo by John Ramspott/ﬂ ickr CC by 2.0. Befriending sheep.

their interpretation of our behavior. Goats and horses attempt to communicate with people and indicate their needs by alternating glances at their handler and the item they desire. Horses, pigs, and goats can follow directions from humans who point out or touch the location of food. Goats learn how to get to feed by following the route taken by a human. Farm animals learn from each other, as well as from people. Young animals are in uenced by their elders and learn about safety and food choices from their mothers. Pigs also learn about food sources from their companions by observing or hearing them or from the scent of their snouts. Goats are more independent learners once past a young age, but most farm animals bene t from the activities of their peers for foraging and developing life skills. Farm animals are often fearful of a new environment and need time to learn to use new equipment. The presence of Apple BUY 2 GOAT TREATS familiar companions who already know the enclosure Licorice and facilities greatly helps to reduce fear and speed flavor learning. Lambs were found to learn to use an arti cial flavor SAVE $ 2 teat quicker when accompanied by experienced companions. Calves are less distressed in groups than Goat Treats

in separate stalls and show higher weigh gains. MANUFACTURERS COUPON EXP: 1/31/20 The communal nature of most herd activities provides emotional support and an assurance of safety to herd members. When we design facilities, we need to bear in mind that animals will want to eat, rest, and groom together. Animals that are prevented

from joining in by lack of space or facilities may feel CONSUMER AND RETAILER: LIMIT ONE (1) COUPON PER PURCHASE OF SPECIFIED PRODUCT AND QUANTITY STATED. NOT TO BE COMBINED WITH ANY OTHER COUPON(S). LIMIT OF TWO (2) IDENTICAL COUPONS IN SAME frustration or depression from exclusion. However, SHOPPING TRIP. Void if expired, reproduced, altered, copied, sold, purchased, transferred, or exchanged to any person, rm, or group prior to store redemption, or where prohibited or restricted by law. Any other use constitutes fraud. Consumer: You pay any sales tax. Retailer: Manna Pro will reimburse you for the tight spacing may lead to aggression, due to the face value of this coupon plus 8¢ handling if submitted in accordance with Manna Pro, Coupon Redemption Policy (available upon request). Mail coupons to: Inmar Dept #95668, Manna Pro, 1 Fawcett Drive, Del Rio, TX 78840. Cash value 1/100¢. competitive nature of herd animals. To live in groups, No cash back if coupon value exceeds selling price. Valid only in the USA. these species establish a hierarchy to keep the peace, but stability is dependent on subordinates keeping the appropriate distance from top ranking individuals. Favor housing designs that structure space to Gentle handling. FOLLOW US @MANNAPROHOMESTEAD FOR MORE INFO VISIT WWW.MANNAPRO.COM

Crafted with Oatmeal!

Apple BUY 2 GOAT TREATS Licorice flavor flavor SAVE $ 2 Goat Treats

MANUFACTURERS COUPON EXP: 1/31/20

CONSUMER AND RETAILER: LIMIT ONE (1) COUPON PER PURCHASE OF SPECIFIED PRODUCT AND QUANTITY STATED. NOT TO BE COMBINED WITH ANY OTHER COUPON(S). LIMIT OF TWO (2) IDENTICAL COUPONS IN SAME SHOPPING TRIP. Void if expired, reproduced, altered, copied, sold, purchased, transferred, or exchanged to any person, rm, or group prior to store redemption, or where prohibited or restricted by law. Any other use constitutes fraud. Consumer: You pay any sales tax. Retailer: Manna Pro will reimburse you for the face value of this coupon plus 8¢ handling if submitted in accordance with Manna Pro, Coupon Redemption Policy (available upon request). Mail coupons to: Inmar Dept #95668, Manna Pro, 1 Fawcett Drive, Del Rio, TX 78840. Cash value 1/100¢. No cash back if coupon value exceeds selling price. Valid only in the USA.

accommodate social needs for community and privacy. Partitions can compartmentalize barns into different areas for different activities or sub- groups. Rest places can be away from feeding and activity zones, while dunging areas can be kept apart from beds. Places to hide give respite for subordinate or weary animals, while enrichment areas provide mental and physical stimulation. Hours spent in a featureless pen, such as those traditionally used within barns or small enclosures, can lead to boredom. Boredom induces stress which can develop into abnormal, and sometimes destructive, behaviors. Structures, toys, and challenges could be introduced to induce interest and occupation. We need to understand which kind of enrichment would Rabbits need company, but also the ability to hide and be biologically meaningful, and therefore satisfying, seek privacy. Photo by David Goehring/ﬂ ickr CC by 2.0. for farm animals. For this, we need more research into the kind of mental abilities and limitations these animals have. So far, we gauge mental skills related to their foraging lifestyles, indicating that they value challenges related to nding food in a natural way, be it rooting in pigs, climbing in goats, or scratching in chickens. Variety is important, especially for animals evolved to search and select from a patchy environment, such as goats and pigs. Be it a food toy or a physical or mental exercise, we change it regularly to renew its novelty value, or they will soon tire of it. Goats have abstract skills due to their evolution in challenging terrains. In studies, they have been trained to use symbols to dispense a reward. When the symbols are changed, they adapt their learning to nd the new solution. There is evidence that this practice is stimulating and that some goats seek out the puzzles when a similar prize is available without the challenge. Pigs too enjoyed reduced stress levels Raised shaded rest area for sheep. after learning to dispense food from a device after responding to a sound. Heifers became more excited when receiving a treat after learning a task than their companions who got the treat for free. We can observe in our own backyard that chickens prefer to scratch for their food than take it from a dispenser. Arti cial challenges could present means of enhancing farm animal lives at times when ranging is restricted.

Source: Nawroth, C. et al. 2019. Farm animal cognition— linking behavior, welfare and ethics. Front. vet. sci., 6.

TAMSIN COOPER is a smallholder and goat keeper in France. She follows the latest research on behavior, welfare and sustainability, and mentors on animal welfare courses. Goat housing at research station with platforms, hiding Find her at goatwriter.com. places, and spacing at troughs. Photo by C. Nawroth.

68 || COUNTRYSIDE & SMALL STOCK JOURNAL GOAT NOTES

13 Goat Symptoms You Should Never Ignore BY KATHRINE DROVDAHL

Before calling your veterinarian, take note of all goat symptoms and get a temperature reading using a rectal digital thermometer.

O® Feed Sudden Udder Changes If the goat refuses to eat or picks at hay/grain, Mastitis infections may present as unevenness, look for other symptoms that indicate hot to the touch, swelling, black- or blue-looking what the problem may be. tissue, clots and/or strings in milk, or blood in the milk. Temperature Too High/Low Normal goat temperature ranges from Bloat 101.5-103.5 degrees F. Whether caused by feed problems or lying too long on the goat’s side, this issue is an Abnormal Heartbeat/Respiration emergency and must be treated immediately. Caprine heartbeats are approximately 70-90bpm. Respiration of mature stock is 10-30 per minute Coughing and that of young stock 20-40 per minute. Dry coughs may be allergies, dust inhalation, or chronic leftovers from illness. Goats may Personality Changes have a wet cough induced by parasites, bad Sick goats may mope around, lie down with head weather, temperature fl uctuations, wetness, and ears low, and be uninterested in life around lack of shelter, or bacterial/viral lung issues. them. They may cry more than normal or be Often accompanied by a runny nose. abnormally silent. Itchy/Missing Hair Hunched/Arched Back Check for external parasites such as mites, fl eas, This is an indication of pain and could be a or lice. Skin damage may turn to skin infection. stomachache, kidney issue, lower Goats missing hair on the bridge of the nose and/ back injury, kidney infection, or urinary or end of the tail may indicate copper defi ciency calculi, among other things. and is often accompanied by loss of coat color. Diarrhea Bottle Jaw This could indicate disease, coccidia or other Swelling under the lower jaw is often parasites, bacteria, feeding milk replacers, quick indicative of parasite overload. feed changes, consumption of something toxic, or overeating on something causing acidosis/ Injuries enterotoxemia. Note color and consistency, and This can include limping, bleeding, swollen presence of blood, before calling a veterinarian. or sti¢ joints, or swollen tissue. Abscesses This can indicate localized infection or an incurable case of caseous lymphadenitis.

backyardgoats.iamcountryside.com ¼²± ¼µ :: ·§¥¦ Á¦¥°°²°¿ "... no one is born a great cook, one learns by doing." — Julia Child

“ ASTE NOT, WANT NOT.” A favorite motto of homesteaders striving for a Wsustainable lifestyle. To get started putting this favorite saying into action, look no further than your $15 chicken dinner. Too often, families make a single meal from this bird and then toss the rest. Instead of wasting a valuable food source, why not turn that bird into $50 worth of food? Here’s how:

MEAL #1: ROASTED CHICKEN DINNER COST: $15$20 FOR THE CHICKEN A tantalizing roasted chicken dinner is a favorite among many and a great way to start a week’s meal plan. While it is true that $6 roasting hens can still be found on occasion, most sustainably raised roasting hens run about $15-$20 depending on your location. This kind of price tag for a meat-based meal encourages frugality and stretching the family dollar. A family of four can easily enjoy a nice, belly- lling meal with plenty of leftover meat for another day. The key to making the most of this bird is to keep all of the drippings and bones, the roasted skin, and any meat remaining on the bird after dinner is over and turn them into future meals and food pantry staples.

MEAL #2: STEAMING CHICKEN POT PIE COST: $5$6 IF BUYING CANNED CHICKEN MEAT Who doesn’t love a steaming plate of homemade chicken pot pie? Most recipes call for the addition of a single large can of chicken meat per pie, with each can running in the neighborhood of $3-$4 each. For a family of four, most will need two pot pies to ensure everyone has their ll. So instead of buying those pricey cans of bland chicken meat, turn to last night’s roasted chicken dinner. Pot pies are usually loaded with a creamy sauce and veggies, so a little meat goes a long way. I nd it best to take those small pieces of leftover chicken and the “less desirable” sections like the back and wings and use those for the pot pie. Lots of avor while still saving the best for other meals.

MEAL #3: HOMEMADE CREAM OF CHICKEN SOUP COST: $15 FOR TWO QUARTS Turn a High-quality, real-food-ingredient soups are rather pricey when considering the basic ingredients list. Yet, $15 Chicken homemade soups are both economical and simple to make at home even when pressed for time. A half- gallon of cream of chicken soup — enough for a family into $50 of four — requires only two cups of roasted chicken and will usually nish off Sunday night’s chicken dinner leftovers. And the tastiest broth-based soups Worth of Food are made with both home-cooked roasted chicken and homemade chicken stock. However, if you only have BY KRISTI COOK "... no one is born a great cook, one learns by doing." — Julia Child

Crispy roasted chicken is the perfect start to a busy week and can be turned into several money saving meals.

store-bought chicken broth in your gallons of water. Slowly simmer pantry, the money savings are for several hours until the broth is still signi cant when compared to your liking. Strain ingredients to ready-made soups from the through a tea towel or cheesecloth. local grocer. As an added bonus, To store, either freeze in meal- soups are one of the easiest meals sized containers or can with a to make ahead of time and toss in pressure canner according to the freezer to save for a later date. manufacturer’s directions. Voila! You have at least two gallons MANY MEALS LATER: of economical and wholesome TWO GALLONS OF chicken stock ready for many CHICKEN STOCK BASE meals over the next few weeks. COST: $16 FOR CONVENTIONAL Frugality and sustainable living BROTH/$32 FOR SUSTAINABLY go hand in hand. And the kitchen RAISED CHICKEN BROTH is the best place to get started Broth is one of the most basic in making this new lifestyle a pantry staples in any sustainable reality. So, the next time you enjoy kitchen, yet this simple ingredient’s a tasty roasted chicken dinner, monthly costs can add up. Instead know that you’re only a few meals of forking over the cash, toss a few away from turning that single carrots, an onion, several stalks of bird into $50 worth of food. celery, your favorite seasonings, the entire batch of chicken bones, roasted skin, drippings, and those tiny, remaining tidbits of meat (More chicken recipes into a deep pot along with three on the next page.)

JANUARY/FEBRUARY 2020 || 71 ¼²± ¼µ :: ·§¥¦ Á¦¥°°²°¿

HOMEMADE CHICKEN POT PIE Makes two pies

INGREDIENTS Four deep dish pie crusts or a favorite recipe (at least two crusts need to be the loose, rolled kind of crusts to use for the top layer of the pot pies.) ¼ stick butter ¼ cup all-purpose ﬂour — approximately 4 cups broth 4 cups milk 2 cups chopped chicken 2 cups mixed vegetables Ê cooked 2 tsp. onion powder Ê or to taste 2 tsp. garlic powder Ê or to taste Salt/pepper to taste

DIRECTIONS Preheat oven to 350 degrees F. Place a single pie crust into a pie pan. Repeat Steaming hot chicken pot pie keeps with a second pie pan. Set pie pans aside. Do not cook at this time. Leave the other the belly warm and the pocket book full. two pie crusts sitting at room temperature while you complete the recipe. In a large pot, melt butter over medium heat. HOMEMADE CREAM OF CHICKEN SOUP Add enough our to soak up the butter. Makes about ½ gallon of soup Stirring continuously, slowly add broth and milk. Bring to a simmer. Add seasonings. INGREDIENTS Â⁄Ç-½ stick butter When mixture begins to thicken, add Â⁄Ç cup all-purpose ﬂour — appx. meat. Continue stirring until mixture 1 onion, diced reaches a thick, gravy-like consistency. 4 cups broth Remove from heat and add vegetables. Stir to 4 cups milk combine. Add half of mixture to each pie pan. Up to 2 cups water (or more milk and/or broth Gently place another pie crust onto for a richer soup) the top of each lled pie pan. Poke a 1-2 cups chopped chicken couple of holes into the center of the Salt/pepper/other seasonings to taste top crust to allow steam to escape. Bake pies until crusts are golden brown. DIRECTIONS In a large pot, melt butter over medium heat. Remove from oven and cool 15-20 minutes Add onions and cook until tender. to allow lling to set. Enjoy! Add enough our to soak up the butter. Stirring continuously, slowly add broth and milk. Bring to a simmer. KRISTI COOK lives in Arkansas where every Add seasonings. When mixture year she brings something new to her family’s journey for a more sustainable lifestyle. She begins to thicken, add meat. keeps a flock of laying hens, dairy goats, a Continue stirring until soup reaches rapidly growing apiary, a large garden, and desired consistency, adding water or more. When she’s not busy with the critters and additional milk/broth as needed. veggies, you can find her sharing sustainable living skills through her workshops, articles, Spoon into bowls and add crackers or and blog at tenderheartshomestead.com. cornbread to nish out the meal. Beverly’s Homemade Buns

BY BECKY PEDERSON

I was given this recipe in 1979. It came from a dear older lady, Beverly, who shook her ﬁ nger at me saying, “You have to follow the recipe exactly!” So please do the same.

BEVERLY'S HOMEMADE BUNS

YEAST MIXTURE: DOUGH MIXTURE: 2 tsp. sugar 3½ cups ﬂ our ½ cup lukewarm water Â⁄Ë cup shortening (½ lard, ½ butter) 2 packages dry yeast 1 tsp. salt Dissolve sugar in water, add yeast, let stand 10 minutes. Add in order and mix. When all is mixed, cover with a damp SPONGE MIXTURE: towel. Let stand 20 minutes. 1½ cups milk (scalded and cooled) Knead until smooth and elastic. ½ cup sugar Put in a greased bowl to rise. 3 cups ﬂ our Loosely cover bowl. Let rise 2 unbeaten eggs until doubled in size. Add milk, sugar, and our to yeast Shape into rolls and let rise TRUE QUALITY LASTS GENERATIONS. mixture and beat for two minutes. until light and uffy. That’s why we back our iconic red Add the unbeaten eggs and Bake at 375 degrees F for mills with an heirloom guarantee. beat one minute more. 11-12 minutes. It’s also why we’re so proud to back families who know the enduring, nutrient-rich benefits of home-milled BECKY PEDERSON lives in Wisconsin and is an old-fashioned type whole grains. www.grainmaker.com of person who has always cooked and baked all of her goods from scratch. She’s an avid flower and vegetable gardener who also enjoys canning, sewing, crocheting, deer hunting, playing her saxophone (amongst many other instruments), and spending time with her family.

JANUARY/FEBRUARY 2020 || 73 GMR-1/6 Ad.indd 1 6/13/16 5:13 PM ¼²± ¼µ :: ·§¥¦ Á¦¥°°²°¿

FARMHOUSE FRESH BRUNCH BAKE SHARE YOUR DREAMS WITH THE GIFT INGREDIENTS 5 cooked biscuits, cubed 8-10 eggs OF COUNTRYSIDE! ½ cup whole milk ½ cup heavy cream 3 cloves of garlic diced If you want a simple gift for someone 2 shallots, diced 1 red bell pepper, diced (green, who you know is interested in simple orange, or yellow work as well) country living, there is no question 1 small, diced tomato 1 cup shredded white sharp cheddar about it: ½ cup shredded Monterey jack cheese 6-8 pieces of cooked bacon (chopped) Countryside will be a treasure Salt and pepper to taste A dash of Italian seasoning and you’ll be a hero!

DIRECTIONS Subscription Deals: In a greased 9x13 baking dish, place cubed cooked biscuits evenly. • Give a gift of Countryside and SAVE o the cover price: Add chopped, cooked bacon on top. Leave you pay just $19 for an entire year.* a small portion to top egg bake with. • Order 3 or more gifts and SAVE even more: just $18 each.* In a medium bowl, mix together eggs, milk, heavy cream, shallots, garlic, tomato, • YES, you can count your own renewal as one of the three. bell pepper, salt, pepper, and cheese. • And we’ll send each recipient an attractive gift card by ﬁrst class mail. Pour egg mixture over biscuits and bacon. Top with last bits of bacon and a dash of Italian seasoning. Gift #1: Charge my Cover and place in refrigerator for at least four hours. This can be done the night before Name: ______Visa/MC # ______or even in the morning for dinner, if desired. Address: ______Exp. date: ______CVV#: ______After four hours, take out of refrigerator and City, State, Zip ______Phone: ______FARMHOUSE cover with foil the rst half of baking. It helps ☐ Check or money order enclosed. the top not burn while the middle cooks. Place in oven. Do not preheat oven as it can Gift #2: Name: ______Fres Brunc Bak cause most baking dishes to crack or break. Enclosed is $19 per subscription. After casserole is in the oven, set stove to Address: ______(3 or more subscriptions are $18 each.) BY HANNAH MCCLURE 375 degrees F and bake for 45-55 minutes. Hope y'all enjoy this brunching must. City, State, Zip ______Use another sheet of paper if you would This delightful and hearty brunch dish (or dinner) came Gift #3: prefer not to cut this magazine OR if you’d about on accident when I had too many left over biscuits one like to give more than 3 gift subscriptions. Name: ______day and didn't want to just pitch them. I've made breakfast HANNAH N. MCCLURE is an old soul casseroles of many types but it wasn’t until I had biscuits in homemaker and mother of four from Address: ______hand that I thought to take the breakfast casserole to a tastier Ohio. Gardening, keeping bees, sewing, raising chickens/seasonal hogs, and MAIL TO: new level. The best part is you can add in or take out as much City, State, Zip ______baking/cooking from scratch are a few Countryside Gifts taste as you prefer. Tomatoes, mushrooms, sausage, ham, things she enjoys in her homemaking. potatoes ... this one is easily adjustable to your taste Always learning and always From: (☐ please renew my subscription at this special low rate.) P.O. Box 1848 chasing her littles. Find her on buds. Here's the base to my Farmhouse Fresh Brunch Name: ______Carson City, NV 89702 Bake, to which I hope your taste buds delight in. Instagram @muddyoakhenhouse Address: ______or call 970-392-4419

City, State, Zip: ______*Canadian & foreign subscriptions please add $6 per year

74 || COUNTRYSIDE & SMALL STOCK JOURNAL SHARE YOUR DREAMS WITH THE GIFT OF COUNTRYSIDE!

If you want a simple gift for someone who you know is interested in simple country living, there is no question about it: Countryside will be a treasure and you’ll be a hero!

Subscription Deals: • Give a gift of Countryside and SAVESAVE o the cover price: you pay just $19 for an entire year.* • Order 3 or more gifts and SAVE even more: just $18 each.* • YES, you can count your own renewal as one of the three. • And we’ll send each recipient an attractive gift card by ﬁrst class mail.

Gift #1: Charge my Name: ______Visa/MC # ______Address: ______Exp. date: ______CVV#: ______City, State, Zip ______Phone: ______☐ Check or money order enclosed. Gift #2: Name: ______Enclosed is $19 per subscription. Address: ______(3 or more subscriptions are $18 each.) City, State, Zip ______Use another sheet of paper if you would Gift #3: prefer not to cut this magazine OR if you’d like to give more than 3 gift subscriptions. Name: ______Address: ______City, State, Zip ______MAIL TO: Countryside Gifts From: (☐ please renew my subscription at this special low rate.) P.O. Box 1848 Name: ______Carson City, NV 89702 Address: ______or call 970-392-4419

City, State, Zip: ______*Canadian & foreign subscriptions please add $6 per year

JANUARY/FEBRUARY 2020 || 75 °±¡¡²³ °²µ :: §Á¬ª· ¬¥¦¨

Wintertime Epsom Salt Hacks

BY JENNIFER VANBENSCHOTEN

RYING TO STAY HEALTHY IN THE WINTER oils or dried herbs to your bath as well to help with is a challenge. Our bodies naturally want things like sleep, a stuffy nose, or a bad head cold. Tto hibernate from the cold, rain, and wind, but who wants to put their whole life on hold for a FEELING A LITTLE … BACKED UP? whole season? There’s usually rewood to chop and Everything in winter seems to slow down — stack, and gorgeous days of skiing, snowshoeing, including our digestion and elimination. Taking a and ice skating to enjoy. Winter is also cough, teaspoon or two of Epsom salt at night before bed cold, and u season so taking care of our health time can help relieve occasional constipation. Be sure and our immune systems are also important. that you use food-grade Epsom salt, which is readily Enter the amazing Epsom salt! From helping available at your local pharmacy or grocery store. us with mineral de ciency to getting a good Turning and tossing at night? Winter time is when night’s sleep, Epsom salt has a long list of our sleep is most likely to be disturbed. But soaking bene ts that we can take advantage of when the in a warm (not hot) Epsom salt bath with some days get short and the temperatures drop. lavender oil can help you fall asleep and stay asleep through the night. The magnesium in Epsom salt can GOT AN ACHY BACK? be absorbed more readily in a bath warm enough Whether you’re sore from shoveling snow or to open the pores in your skin, and can help lull spending a day out on the skis, sore muscles aren’t you to sleep as part of a nightly bedtime routine. much fun. Most people know that Epsom salt is ideal for soothing sore muscles, but what you don’t CHAPPED LIPS? CRACKED FINGERS know is that in order for Epsom salt to be effective in AND HANDS? ROUGH ELBOWS? a bath, you need to use a lot. Physical therapist, Lee Spending time outdoors in the winter is necessary Albert of the Kripalu School of Yoga and Ayurveda, for a lot of us, and a lot of fun when we’re playing recommends using at least three cups of Epsom salt in the snow! But hours spent outside in a cold, dry, in a regular bath in order to get the full bene ts of windy environment can play havoc with our skin and using the magnesium sulfate crystals. Add essential hair, leaving us with painful, chapped lips, cheeks, and even cracked ngers and rough elbows. Mix one

76 || COUNTRYSIDE & SMALL STOCK JOURNAL “Be less curious about people and more curious about ideas.” — Marie Curie

A Complete Guide to Growing, Using & Soaking in a warm Enjoying More (not hot) Epsom Than 100 salt bath with some Herbs iamcountryside.com/shop lavender oil can help 970-392-4419 you fall asleep and stay asleep through the night.

cup of Epsom salt with a half cup hot) Epsom salt bath instead using of melted coconut oil, olive oil, or at least three cups of Epsom salt. other skin-softening oil like jojoba Once you experience the or sweet almond and store in an soothing, softening relief of Epsom air-tight jar. You can add a few salt, you’ll always want to make drops of lavender oil or your other sure you have a bag (or two) handy favorite scent. Spread gently on for wintertime home remedies. any dry or cracked skin and give it a few minutes to soak in, or apply it right after you get out of a warm In the heart of the Adirondack shower or bath. There’s nothing mountains, JENNIFER more luxurious in the middle VANBENSCHOTEN raises of winter than giving yourself a chickens for eggs, keeps lovely-scented Epsom salt foot bees for honey, and grows her own food. Jennifer enjoys scrub at the end of a long day! scratch cooking, writing creative nonfiction and poetry, WINTERTIME BLUES teaching yoga, and creating GOT YOU DOWN? handmade beaded jewelry. Many people experience seasonal affective disorder (SAD) during the long nights of winter, and because Yarn from Your Own Flock! we’re not usually spending a lot of • 35 lb. min. raw eece requirement time outside getting our daily dose • Wool & Precious Fiber blends of vitamin D, we can sometimes get GREENSPUN & Certied Organic processing hit with the winter blues. Our diets Putney Vermont usually contain less fresh greens, a 800-321-9665 • www.spinnery.com vital source of magnesium that can [email protected] also affect our moods. Taking just a half teaspoon of food-grade Epsom salt in a glass of warm water with a twist of lemon at bedtime can help keep our magnesium levels up. If your digestion is off during the winter months, opt for a warm (not

JANUARY/FEBRUARY 2020 || 77 ¡ ´µ¡ :: ¶ª·§¬¨§¥«²°¿

e Natural First Aid Handbook Storey’s Guide to Keeping BY BRIGITTE MARS, HERBALIST AHG Honey Bees, 2nd Edition Cayenne pepper can stop bleed- BY MALCOLM T. SANFORD & RICHARD E. BONNEY ing. Garlic helps alleviate a toothache. Honey soothes a burn. This trusted handbook is a must- When an emergency situation have for novice and seasoned arises, simple home remedies can beekeepers alike. Now totally play a vital role in easing symp- redesigned and featuring color toms and providing immediate photos and graphics, the second help. This quick-reference hand- edition also includes up-to-date book spells out hundreds of life- information on honey bee health. saving techniques, commonsense The go-to reference presents com- tips, and time-tested herbal rem- prehensive yet accessible informa- edies that everyone should know. tion on everything from planning From how to perform basic CPR hives and installing a colony to and the Heimlich Maneuver to the best immediate response preventing disease and managing productive hives that will to natural disasters, you’ll find the most practical, effective bear bountiful honey harvests year after year. 224 pages actions to take to ensure survival. 192 pages $24.95 $14.95 Essential Oils Homegrown Honey Bees BY ALETHEA MORRISON BY STEPHANIE TOURLES This friendly, accessible introduc- Discover the joys of harvesting tion to the 25 most versatile oils honey from your own backyard. for health and wellness highlights Alethea Morrison outlines what the key characteristics of laven- you’ll need to know to make it der, chamomile, eucalyptus, lem- through the first year, while stun- on, peppermint, rosemary, tea ning macrophotography by Mars tree, and other popular oils. You’ll Vilaubi brings the inner workings learn how to blend and apply of the hive to life. With in-depth these highly concentrated aro- discussions of allergies, colony matherapy oils for use from head hierarchy, bee behavior, and to toe. 248 pages more, this approachably infor- mative guide bursts with enthu- $16.95 siastic encouragement. Keep your own bees, and enjoy the sweet buzz. 160 pages e Good Living Guide to Keeping $14.95 Sheep and Other Fiber Animals BY JANET GARMAN 99 1/2 Homesteading Poems A comprehensive and inspiring guide to small-scale fiber farming and wool BY KENNY COOGAN crafting. Fiber crafts — such as knit- Inspiration and advice through ting, weaving, and crocheting — con- themed poems covering gardening, tinue to surge in popularity, with sites DIY projects, building community, rais- like Ravelry (a social media commu- ing livestock and over 20 farm- to- nity for the wool obsessed) gaining fork recipes. Poems are functional more than six million members. Artists yet funny. Empowers homesteaders, are seeking quality raw materials in urban-farmers and city slickers to greater numbers. The cottage indus- start living a sustainable, self-reliant try of supplying not only raw fleece, life. 84 pages but handcrafted yarns, is strong. The proper care of fiber $19.95 animals leads to a superior yarn product. Lapses in good care can show up in the fleece. Give your animals a good home and a happy life and enjoy superior fleece and yarn For a complete list of books visit: products for your own homestead or to sell. 160 pages $14.99 iamcountryside.com/shop

78 || COUNTRYSIDE & SMALL STOCK JOURNAL SAVE Basic Candle Making 45% Storey's Guide BY ERIC EBELING to Raising Sheep Step-by-step color photographs BY PAULA SIMMONS & CAROL EKARIUS and descriptive detail make this A must-have for any sheep farmer. book indispensable for begin- Includes information on: Selection ners looking to create beautiful housing space requirements; Breed- and functional scented candles ing and birthing techniques; Feeding on their very first try, and for behavior; Health concerns and rem- experienced crafters who want edies for illnesses. Also, information to sharpen their skills. Includes on spinning, weaving, the equipment guidelines for buying tools and needed and where to find it. Sheep materials, preparing the work products, marketing, and showing space, and working safely and are touched on as well. 438 pages. effectively, as well as suggested shopping lists. 104 pages $19.95 $19.95 Now $10.99 — Save 45% Cra ing with Wood Pallets SAVE 25% Storey's Guide to Raising Rabbits BY BECKY LAMB BY BOB BENNETT SAVE Crafting with Wood Pallets offers 25% Newly revised and updated, Sto- readers innovative new projects rey’s Guide to Raising Rabbits tells for transforming wood pallets you everything you need to know into all types of beautiful, useful to raise rabbits successfully. This items for the home and garden. book is packed with practical in- Packed with color photos and formation. This book covers every easy-to-follow instructions for aspect of rabbit raising. Such as over 25 DIY projects, this book best breeds, feeding, manage- shows how to build, paint, and ment, showing and selling, housing finish unique gifts, decor, and facilities, sanitation, marketing, furniture. 119 pages disease, parasite, and predator control. 242 pages $16.95 $19.95 Now $12.75 — Save 25% Now $14.99 — Save 25% Pure Soapmaking SAVE 25% Naturally Bug-Free BY ANNE-MARIE FAIOLA With the help of author Anne- BY STEPHANIE L. TOURLES Marie Faiola, it’s easy to make Protect yourself, your children, your luscious, all-natural soaps right pets, and your home from bugs — in your own kitchen. This collec- without using harsh or toxic chemicals! tion of 32 recipes ranges from Herbalist Stephanie Tourles offers simple castile bars to intricate 75 simple recipes for safe, effective swirls, embeds, and marbled bug repellents you can make at home and layered looks. Begin with from all-natural ingredients. For pro- a combination of skin-nourishing tection from mosquitoes, ticks, and oils and then add blueberry pu- other biting insects, there are sprays, ree, dandelion-infused water, al- balms, body oils, and tinctures, with mond milk, coffee grounds, man- scents ranging from eucalyptus to flo- go and avocado butters, black ral, lemon, vanilla, and woodsy spice. tea, or other delicious ingredients — and then scent your soap There are also recipes for pets, such as herbal shampoo, bed- with pure essential oils. Step-by-step photography guides you ding formulas, and flea-and-tick collars and powders. A detailed through every stage of cold-process soapmaking. 240 pages ingredient dictionary explains the properties of all the herbs, es- $19.95 sential oils, and other key ingredients. 175 pages. $10.95 Now $14.99 — Save 25%

JANUARY/FEBRUARY 2020 || 79 ¡ ´µ¡ :: ¶ª·§¬¨§¥«²°¿

Prepper’s Natural Medicine 100 Skills for the SAVE 25% SAVE BY CAT ELLIS End of the World 25% A definitive guide to healing any BY ANA MARIA SPAGNA ailment holistically when disaster strikes. When disaster strikes From celestial navigation to sharpen- and you lose all access to doctors, ing blades, Ana Maria Spagna outlines hospitals and pharmacies, natu- 100 skills you’ll find indispensable for ral medicine will be your family’s life after an apocalyptic global ca- best hope for survival. Prepper’s tastrophe. She covers obvious needs Natural Medicine is the definitive like first aid and farming, while also guide to creating powerful home providing suggestions on how to build remedies for any health situation. a safe and culturally rich community With easy-to-read herbal charts, a through storytelling and music mak- breakdown of essential oils, tips for ing. Full of quirky illustrations by Brian stockpiling natural medicines and Cronin, this book will provoke surprise, step-by-step instructions for creating your own elixirs, salves debate, and laughter as it leads you to greater self-reliance and more, this book offers everything you need to keep you and joy — whatever the future brings. 224 pages and your loved ones safe. 234 pages $14.95 $15.95 Now $11.20 — Save 25% Now $11.96 — Save 25%

Apple Cider Vinegar SAVE Beyond the Sidewalks 25% SAVE Companion BY JEROME D. BELANGER 60% BY SUZY SCHERR One homesteader’s hopes, dreams, and Generations of devotees have sworn struggles as chronicled in 15 years of by apple cider vinegar: cooking with Countryside magazine columns (1971- it, swigging it by the spoonful, and 1985), with annotations updated to 2014. Economists call the 1970s the using it as a remedy for just about “disastrous decade,” but those were any ailment. Iit’s great for cooking, the glory years for a doomsaying weight-loss, digestion, and overall magazine editor and organic farmer good health. It makes a mean natu- and his family. 427 pages ral cleanser, relieves muscle soreness, and even treats bug bites. The Apple $23.95 Cider Vinegar Companion is the es- Now $9.59 — Save 60% sential guide, with information on how to make your own, and tips and tricks for using it for household tasks. 175 pages. Handy Farm Devices $14.95 SAVE Now $11.25 — Save 25% 25% BY ROLFE COBLEIGH Find hundreds of clever ways to Lamb Country Cooking transform those odds and ends that BY JILL CHARLOTTE STANFORD might seem like junk into very useful gadgets and tools, from a treadmill This cookbook brings the delight- that can power a dairy separator ful flavor of lamb to America’s and churn, to a drinking fountain supper table. Whether you’re for chickens. Other devices include looking for a quick recipe, an a rig for moving large trees; a self- everyday meal or something for feeder for bees; a hand garden that festive occasion, you’ll find it cultivator; and gates that lift over here. Over 100 recipes to pre- snowdrifts. It’s full of useful illustra- pare prime cuts, leftovers, actions and includes a whole section of companiments, and condiments. tried-and-true tips. 304 pages Includes wine selections. Spiral $9.95 bound for easy use. Spiral bound, Now $7.49 — Save 25% 127 pages. $12.95

80 || COUNTRYSIDE & SMALL STOCK JOURNAL SAVE SAVE 50% 50% Countryside 1998 Anthology Countryside 1999 Anthology Whether your main interest is gar- You can get all the valuable in- dening or goats, woodlots or weeds, formation in a whole year’s worth country cooking or country living in of Countryside in one handy vol- general, you’ll find a gold mine of ume. Whether your main interest great reading and valuable informa- is gardening or goats, woodlots or tion in this collection of articles from weeds, country cooking or country an entire year’s worth of Countryside living in general, this collection of magazine. Learn about: restoring articles first appearing in 1999 old apple trees, planning your root contains information to inspire, cellar, raising guinea fowl, select- inform, and entertain you. Read ing small-farm tools, raising rabbits, about living off the fat of the land making cheese and yogurt, saving on your own small country place, and make the dream come seeds, companion planting, and much more. 416 pages. alive. 388 pages $19.95 $19.95 Now $9.99 — Save 50% Now $9.99 — Save 50%

Build Your Own Beekeeping Equipment NEW! BY TONY PISANO

Save time and money by building your own beekeeping equipment. Learn to craft equipment that is tailored to your particular climate and setup. Full of insightful tips and covering a variety of hive types, Pisano includes all the basic infrastructure you need to keep your bees happy and active — and your pantry full of honey. 160 pages. Only $19.95

Feel free to use another sheet of paper, or call 970-392-4419 to place your order today! Order Form Title Quantity Price

Name: Total books $ Address: Shipping* $ $4 first item, $1 each add'l item City: *Call for Priority & Foreign Rates State: Zip: Subtotal $

E-mail: WI Residents add 5.5% sales tax $

Visa MC Discover AmEx Total $

No.: Mail your order to: Expiration: Countryside Bookstore P.O. Box 1848, Phone: Carson City, NV 89702

JANUARY/FEBRUARY 2020 || 81 ¡ :: ¯ª··´°²¨Î

CAPTURE YOUR COUNTRYSIDE AND SHARE IT WITH US! We love getting a glimpse into your everyday homesteading moments.

The Voice of Eco-Agriculture. Since 1971, our information has helped land managers, farmers, ranchers, homesteaders and backyard hobbyists turn their visions into reality.

FREE SHIPPING SPECIAL FOR COUNTRYSIDE READERS! Use the Code HOMESTEAD at checkout online for free shipping! (U.S. only)

The Modern Water for Any Farm Ranching Full-Time Acres U.S.A. Magazine on 3 Hours a Day Grower’s Guide Monthly, 12 Issues per year Mark Shepard to Terra Preta Cody Holmes Learn from real NEW IN 2020! Caroline farmers, ranchers, The author of our ACRES U.S.A. Pfützner growers and agri- bestseller, Restoration CLASSIC! Cody culture profession- 1 2 Agriculture, releases Holmes spent NEW IN 2020! als inside the only his second book, decades on farms Translated into magazine devoted detailing specific, and ranches, and he English for the to ecological proven techniques pours his personal first time, the AND economical for managing and experiences into author intro- tactics for land storing water. Learn this book. Over the duces us to management and specific key-line water management sys- years, Holmes found terra preta, or food production. Every magazine features tems that will help you lower your water that holistic manage- black earth of the Amazon, the most in-depth how-to content, a long-form purchasing costs, build more efficient water ment practices consistently raised profits fertile soil in the world. The true interview with an influential character in management systems, and take advantage and increased success for cattle ranching, results of working with this almost eco-farming, and more. Subscribers also of what is available with your natural farms and other types of ranching. In this miraculous substance are healthy receive a free monthly digital copy of the land contours. With more than a hundred book, he will teach you how to make your plants and a rich harvest — without magazine. Monthly, illustrations, including topographical maps. ranch profitable while working just three outside fertilizer inputs. Full color 100 pages. Softcover, 200 pages. hours a day. Softcover, 200 pages. with dozens of images. Softcover, 176 pages. #7566 — $28.00 #7573 — $30.00 #7071 — $30.00 BEST DEAL! U.S. Subscribers: Start with one year at $39.00

My Farmer, My Healing Horses Myths of Safe Humusphere Customer Pesticides Carrie Eastman Herwig Marty Travis André Leu Pommeresche NEW IN 2020! NEW IN 2020! Carrie Eastman’s ACRES U.S.A. In this breakthrough Marty Travis, latest book looks CLASSIC! work — now avail- featured in at unique ways Organic agricul- able in English for 4 the movie to determine the turist and lecturer the first time — Sustainable, health of your The Healing André Leu delves the independent horse, and holistic of Horses German-Norwegian By Carrie Eastman into a wealth of authors his first 1 Section Name book on build- ways to prevent respected scien- explorer of soil 1 Nothing to see here, just taking my chicken for a walk. Chelsea Hansler Art (@clydeandrose) ing a successful disease, treat minor tific journals to life, graduate permaculture designer and 2 No ﬁ lter here! Julia Espinosa, New Mexico 3 Baby Doc one year ago. Add 100 pounds to him farm business. Endorsed by chefs injuries and ensure the highest quality of present the peer-reviewed evidence that graduate engineer Herwig Pommeresche health, and life, for your horses. Includes shares his lifetime of research into humus now. Mandi Chamberlain (@wildoakfarms) 4 Tu¼ y in a winter wonderland. Danielle Nelson Rick Bayless, Stephanie Izard and proves the claims of chemical companies more! Softcover, 177 pages. photos and step-by-step instructions. and regulators are not all they seem. and the way plant cells receive nutrition. Softcover, 184 pages. Softcover, 168 pages. Softcover, 264 pages. #7572 — $28.00 #7574 — 28.00 #7335 — $16.95 #7513 — $28.00 EMAIL PHOTOS in MESSAGE US TAG US ON MAIL YOUR ENTRY TO: JPG format to editor@ ON FACEBOOK INSTAGRAM or use Countryside, P.O. Box 566, Medford, WI 54451 WAYS countrysidemag.com facebook.com/ #iamcountryside: To have your photos returned, please include 1-970-392-4464 • 800-355-5313 with “Capture Your iamcountryside instagram.com/ a self-addressed stamped envelope. TO SHARE Countryside” in the iamcountryside subject line. Countryside & Small Stock Journal retains the right to publish and/or reproduce any and all photos submitted. www.acresusa.com The Voice of Eco-Agriculture. Since 1971, our information has helped land managers, farmers, ranchers, homesteaders and backyard hobbyists turn their visions into reality.

FREE SHIPPING SPECIAL FOR COUNTRYSIDE READERS! Use the Code HOMESTEAD at checkout online for free shipping! (U.S. only)

The Modern Water for Any Farm Ranching Full-Time Acres U.S.A. Magazine on 3 Hours a Day Grower’s Guide Monthly, 12 Issues per year Mark Shepard to Terra Preta Cody Holmes Learn from real NEW IN 2020! Caroline farmers, ranchers, The author of our ACRES U.S.A. Pfützner growers and agri- bestseller, Restoration CLASSIC! Cody culture profession- Agriculture, releases Holmes spent NEW IN 2020! als inside the only his second book, decades on farms Translated into magazine devoted detailing specific, and ranches, and he English for the to ecological proven techniques pours his personal first time, the AND economical for managing and experiences into author intro- tactics for land storing water. Learn this book. Over the duces us to management and specific key-line water management sys- years, Holmes found terra preta, or food production. Every magazine features tems that will help you lower your water that holistic manage- black earth of the Amazon, the most in-depth how-to content, a long-form purchasing costs, build more efficient water ment practices consistently raised profits fertile soil in the world. The true interview with an influential character in management systems, and take advantage and increased success for cattle ranching, results of working with this almost eco-farming, and more. Subscribers also of what is available with your natural farms and other types of ranching. In this miraculous substance are healthy receive a free monthly digital copy of the land contours. With more than a hundred book, he will teach you how to make your plants and a rich harvest — without magazine. Monthly, illustrations, including topographical maps. ranch profitable while working just three outside fertilizer inputs. Full color 100 pages. Softcover, 200 pages. hours a day. Softcover, 200 pages. with dozens of images. Softcover, 176 pages. #7566 — $28.00 #7573 — $30.00 #7071 — $30.00 BEST DEAL! U.S. Subscribers: Start with one year at $39.00

COUNTRYSIDE CROSSWORD READER CONTEST JANUARY/FEBRUARY ¬®¬®

84 || COUNTRYSIDE & SMALL STOCK JOURNAL “If it’s not fun, you’re not doing it right.” – Bob Basso

COUNTRYSIDE CROSSWORD READER CONTEST JANUARY/FEBRUARY ¬®¬® Countryside Wordsearch Reader Contest Jan/Feb 2020

CCEDLJQACMFTRIZBNLFSKTSC AYEASTBJRCGXWKUBFPWUBYHB TVQPFBEJWXDBCCDNGIVQOLLV TPCUHWDQIBJOKECHNLUGKAWV LBJAZVDLPZTTELFDQBVZZTFL EOGHUBICBSHBOQBJHHUPPAPE UDICXRNZEORLDRNGANMHKYDR CTOUBZGVREFMEJVDFNTDHAUJ TQIBNUINTMCAVPIYIBNCMBHE TNLMXLYNCUKCOUCSRMNSUGKW CJJOIXIZJSGGKOVKEUXSKXOI VBZKNWREZZBUVSRSRXZLRTHJ XPHSWVLWXRXWNBKBHXBNUEEX ODWGMKZETZJFLNEISEESLAVD DALGYZQVARROAPVFUFEZNUAW SWTELTLXGQOAYEDBSFJPKUTI MRNPZCADTWRCVKNT SAEOWHBM LOXRGVNTIKOVGALFALFAMBAF OCSXADCVIBOSBOIVVCMPPIGY QIMPYBVJQECMSULFATIONHLQ FYNKESTOZOEVRDSFOCRLWTVJ EGYWHWHTBDQZTASMIAALJBEG EXJSJMPYBPBATTERYEIELOZE Win a DCFIYGLTZGFYJEIPTOPNEWSO Countryside FEED EWE WOOL YEAST FEED WINTER BEE Beanie! SCOBY SOUP PIG BRUNCH EWE VARROA To submit, either: SHEEP WOOL BEDDING WINDBREAKSPOT ALFALFA PIE SULFATIONYEAST EPSOM WINTER BEEBUNS VARROA Print, fill out, and mail to: POT SCOBYPIE BUNS BARN BARN FIREFIRE Countryside Reader BATTERYSOUP RUBUS LIVESTOCKBATTERY CATTLE PIG RUBUS Contest EGGS POLLEN BUCKTHORN KOMBUCHA P.O. Box 566, BRUNCH LIVESTOCK Medford, WI 54451 SHEEP CATTLE BEDDING EGGS WINDBREAKS POLLEN Print, fill out, then take a ALFALFA BUCKTHORN picture and email to: SULFATION KOMBUCHA editor@countrysidemag. EPSOM com

Be sure to include your NAME: contact information so we can inform you if you won the Countryside beanie.

The winner will be chosen randomly from all the correct submissions returned by January 1, 2020

September/October Contest Winner – Ester McCord, Indiana

JANUARY/FEBRUARY 2020 || 85 ¡ :: ¥¦·¥°¥¯¸

Poor Will’s COUNTRYSIDE

almanack "Yea, this is the hardest month of all: WINTER AND EARLIEST SPRING OF ¬®¬® Hard for men and women, BY W. L. FELKER Hard for beasts as well." — Hesiod

SUNDAY MONDAY TUESDAY WEDNESDAY THURSDAY FRIDAY SATURDAY In the North, seed Christmas greens Consider putting Explore marketing bedding plants as and decorative your horses’ tails options for Chinese the moon waxes. plants may be up for the rest of New Year, January Plant the spring dangerous to the winter, lessen- 25. This market garden throughout livestock. And ing the possibility favors sheep and the South. antifreeze, even of ice accumulation goats in the 60- to in small amounts, on the hair. 80-pound live- can be fatal to your weight range. january animals. New Year's Day 1 2 3 4 A light feeding in Epiphany (Three- Increase energy Schedule livestock Egg production Today’s Full Today is Plough the morning, and Kings Day) is usu- feeds to animals maintenance for can be expected Moon, along with Monday. A tradi- a heavier feeding ally celebrated on in severe weather. after Full Moon. to decline when lunar perigee on tional day for the towards dark can or near this date. Many people be- Proper care of highs stay below the 13th, brings beginning of the provide your chick- Milk-fed lambs and lieve that feeding hooves when 30 degrees, but deep cold and farm and garden ens with a little kids are often in energy foods in the your horses work warm water may stress to livestock year. more heat as the demand for this evening produces in snow and ice help keep the hens and homestead- mercury falls. market. the best results. helps prevent foot laying a little. ers. damage. 5 6 7 8 9 10 11

Most lamb and kid Spring moves from Heat-treat the Don’t let your In the Deep Order lambing and Frost-seed crops growth occurs in New Orleans at a colostrum or milk chickens’ water South, pasture kidding supplies: like red clover in the last weeks of rate of about fi ve before you use freeze. Consider season is under- heat lamp, blan- the pastures, and pregnancy. Provide miles per day or it. Then cool it to water warmers. way by now, and kets, disbudding scatter grass seed your ewes and one degree Fahr- about your body fi elds are starting boxes, nipple over bare spots on does special feed enheit every four to temperature to turn a deeper waterers, iodine or the lawn. Freezing and care during fi ve days. before you feed it green. other disinfectant and thawing plants this time. to your kids and to treat the naval the seeds. lambs! cord of new-borns. 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 Avoid giving Be mindful of the of Seed bedding Double-check to Do your winter Under the dark The pre-Lenten greens to your coccidiosis danger plants around at see that all the pruning under this moon, goatherds carnival-marketing outside rabbits in your new chicks. New Moon time lambs and kids week’s dark moon. often take care season begins when the tem- Keep them warm (January 24). have actually been Start your worm of disbudding, near this date, perature remains and well-fed; keep Include a variety born! Reach in, farm, too. trimming hair and about a month below freezing. litter dry and clean. of fl owers for wearing a rubber hooves, castration, before Mardi Gras. your roadside glove, and make worming, spraying stand. sure. for parasites. Martin Luther King 19 Jr. Day 20 21 22 23 24 25 Today is the fi rst The Easter Market Throughout the Keep drafts out Along the Gulf Increase the day of the season (mid-April this year) country, average of the barn and coast, azaleas frequency of of Late Winter. Its is a major market- temperatures the chicken coop, and elderberries your barn checks thaws accelerate ing time for lambs climb one degree, especially as cold bloom; new calves as kidding and the swelling of and kids. a major statistical fronts bring cruel are out in the lambing time gets buds and the Explore the move toward wind across your fi elds, and turtles closer. running of sap. Passover Market, spring. property. hatch. too. 26 27 28 29 30 31

86 || COUNTRYSIDE & SMALL STOCK JOURNAL "Yea, this is the hardest month of all: Hard for men and women, Hard for beasts as well." — Hesiod

SUNDAY MONDAY TUESDAY WEDNESDAY THURSDAY FRIDAY SATURDAY Prepare landscaping, garden and fi eld maps, including plans for double cropping, intercropping and companion february planting. 1 Bees look for skunk Prepare for pos- As the cold grows Watch for late Keep track of Keeping sheep in Prepare for pos- cabbage when sible drought by deeper, provide abortions in weak ewes and does poorly ventilated sible drought by temperatures warm making sure your a little extra hay animals after full that have prob- barns can lead to making sure your to 50 degrees. soil has su¥ cient for your rabbits, moon. Always lems birthing or coccidiosis, watery soil has su¥ cient Deer gather to feed potassium and extra grain for your check teats for whose o¨ spring mouth, and lice. potassium and in herds. Turkeys phosphorus. sheep and goats. milk fl ow as kids are defective, and Provide good venti- phosphorus. are fl ocking. and lambs are move them to lation but adequate born. market as soon as heat. you can. 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 Review your Explore the “club Reserve your guard Re-evaluate your Prune trees and Spray the fruit Don’t let newborn records: animals market” for lambs, guinea fowl chicks hay supply for shrubs just before trees when high lambs and kids that gave birth kids, and other from breeders; that nutrient levels. bud break during temperatures get chilled! last year after full animals. Let your way, maybe you Continue to weigh the moon’s third climb into the 40s. Dry them o¨ moon might do it local 4-H clubs can replace your pregnant animals or fourth quarter. And don’t let your immediately and again. know what you donkey by the time to assess their livestock near the get them suckling have available. the coyotes get progress. sprayed areas. as soon as you hungry. can after birth.

9 10 11 12 13 Valentine's Day 14 15 Protect your pigs Along the 40th Continue to Designate lambs If you have rabbits Put a light by the Check to see that from frigid drafts. Parallel, the ground check on your and kids to use in pens outside, creep; the lambs your bees are alive. Pigs, like people, temperature often koi pond to make for the graduation be sure that their will come to If you ﬁ nd eggs in sometimes catch climbs above 35 sure it has a cookout market bedding and their visit sooner. As the the cells, you know cold if exposed degrees F, and breathing hole so that develops fur has not been Broody Moon ap- the queen has not to radical pastures may be your ﬁ sh can get between April and soaked by wet proaches, pamper died. temperature starting to grow enough oxygen. June. storm winds. your hens. changes. again.

16 President's Day 17 18 19 20 21 22 Today is Meatfare In the Deep South, Today is Mardi Chilly weather Today is Dominican As February The Muslim time Sunday for bees collect pollen Gras and Lent can divert some Republic Indepen- ends, worm your of Ramadan Orthodox from dandelions, begins. Roman of your chickens’ dence Day. Expect livestock before begins on April 24 Christians. maples, clover, and Easter is on egg-laying energy an increase in turning them out to this year. Market Demand may rise chickweed. Feed April 12. Orthodox into heat. Weight demand for lambs pasture. weaned lambs and for lambs and kids the bees if deep Easter is loss and moulting and kids that kids at the close (and, perhaps, for cold kills o¨ the celebrated on often accompany weigh between of that season, broody chickens). ﬂ owers. April 19. a decline in egg 20 to 35 pounds. May 23. production. 23 24 25 26 27 28 29

JANUARY/FEBRUARY 2020 || 87 ¡ :: ¥¦·¥°¥¯¸

THE PLANETS January 3 and 4. The waxing crescent moon (typically by February 4), the Sun rushes Venus is the Evening Star in Aquarius (in should not interfere with meteor watching. toward Early Spring and on the 18th, Cross- January) and in Pisces (in February). Mars Quarter Day, the Sun reaches its halfway begins the year as the red Morning Star in METEOROLOGY point to equinox, enters Pisces at the same Ophiuchus, but then it joins Jupiter and Saturn High-pressure systems are due to cross the time, and initiates the season of Early Spring, in Sagittarius, hiding along the southern country on or around the following dates: a six-week period of changeable conditions horizon throughout the day during February. January 1, 5, 10, 15, 19, 25, 31 and February 3, 6, infi ltrated ever so slowly by warmer and 11, 15, 20, 24 and 27. New Moon on December warmer temperatures that fi nally bring the fi rst trees and the early bulbs to bloom. THE STARS 26, January 24, and February 23, and Full Moon The bedding-plant stars of fertile Pisces on January 10 and February 9 are likely to lie in the west at midnight, and the stars of intensify the cold fronts due near those dates. late-gestation feeding for sheep and goats Readers in the East should add one to two follow close behind in Aries. Orion lies in days to specifi c days above. In the Plains, PHASES OF THE MOON subtract one to two days for best results. the center of the southern sky, his sword The Pussy Willow Cracking Moon opens the raised for pruning as well as hunting. To promise of spring a little wider with every the east, Cancer favors the ordering of THE SUN thaw. Then the Lambing and Kidding Moon seeds, and Leo foretells the broody hens. Perihelion, the point at which the Earth and shines on the period during which most the Sun are closest to one another, occurs lambs and kids are born. And as winter THE SHOOTING STARS on January 5 at 3:24 a.m. The Sun enters the wanes, watch for hens to get broody under Late Winter sign of Aquarius on January 20. The Quadrantid Meteor Shower occurs the Broody Hen Moon. between January 1 and January 5, and reaches Just after the Groundhog Day Thaw is over its best (up to 40 meteors in an hour) on December 26 The Pussy Willow Cracking Moon is new at 12:13 a.m. LUNAR FEEDING PATTERNS FOR PEOPLE AND BEASTS January 1 When the moon is above the continental United States, creatures are typically most active. The Moon is at apogee (its position The second-most-active times occur when the moon is below the earth. farthest from Earth) at 8:31 p.m.

DATE ABOVE BELOW January 2 The Moon enters its second January 1 Afternoons Midnight to Dawn quarter at 11:46 a.m. January 2 – 9 Evenings Mornings January 10 January 10 – 15 Midnight to Dawn Afternoons The Moon is full at 2:22 p.m. January 16 – 23 Mornings Evenings January 13 January 24 – 31 Afternoons Midnight to Dawn The Moon is at perigee (its position February 1 – 8 Evenings Mornings closest to Earth) at 3:22 p.m. February 9 – 14 Midnight to Dawn Afternoons January 16 February 15 – 22 Mornings Evenings The Moon enters its ﬁ nal quarter at 8:15 p.m. February 23 – 29 Afternoons Midnight to Dawn January 24 The Lambing and Kidding Moon is new at 1:45 a.m. THE SCKRAMBLER SEPTEMBER/OCTOBER January 29 JANUARY/FEBRUARY WINNERS & ANSWERS The Moon is at apogee (its position BEDDING PLANTS Poor Will promised $5.00 to the 3rd, 11th, farthest from Earth) at 4:29 p.m. 27th and 68th persons to submit their This is seed-ordering time, and it is the correct answers. A total of 53 answers February 1 time to consider the best varieties! were received. The 3rd was from Shirley The Moon enters its second NEITAPMI BGNSEOIA M. Logsdon of Coatopa, AL. The 11th quarter at 8:42 p.m. ZNNSIIA CSMSOO came from Mary C. Wilkins of Meherrin, VA. And the 27th correct respondent was February 9 LEUSCO EEWST SEAP The Moon is a full Supermoon at 2:34 a.m. SDLOGMARI SNOGDRAPNAS Rodney Eberele of Hague, ND. Congrats! PETSAINU AINAZAG RUTYEK/TURKEY OXF/FOX February 10 SREWFLONUS LLOBEIAS GOHGOURDN/ CCNOORA/ The Moon is at perigee (its position SIADAHL EFLOWCONRSE GROUNDHOG RACCOON closest to Earth) at 3:32 p.m. NNAAC LLIIES FORNIIACAL PP- OWCR/CROW NKSKU/SKUNK SACROT NEABS POY SQRRLUIE/SQUIRREL EEAWSL/WEASEL February 15: The Moon enters SNAPSEI VLSAAI ETIWH-LEDTAI EDER/ SOPMUOS/OPOSSUM its ﬁ nal quarter at 5:18 p.m. SMUINAREG WHITE-TAILED DEER NIADAANC SEOGO/ February 23: The Broody Hen DFFRUE SEGROU/ CANADIAN GOOSE A prize of $5.00 will be awarded to Moon is new at 4:04 p.m. RUFFED GROUSE ELAT/TEAL 2nd, 12th, 27th, 44th or 139th persons LAITNOTTOC TIBBAR/ CUDK/DUCK February 26: The Moon reaches who send their correct responses to COTTONTAIL RABBIT ODOT/COOT apogee at 6:36 a.m. Poor Will INGR-KCNEDE VODE/DOVE P.O. Box 431 EAATNSPH/RING- EPINS/SNIPE NECKED PHEASANT ILAR/RAIL Yellow Springs, OH 45387 OIETHWBB UQLAI/ 000WDCCK/ before the answers appear in Countryside. BOBWHITE QUAIL Copyright 2020 – W. L. Felker WOODCOCK

Handmade, Washable & Reusable Incontinence Pads & Menstrual Pads

www.NaturallyCozy.com 208-267-COZY (2699)

Get Inspired! Makes a great gift!

Pomona’s Pectin Make healthy, fruity jam with low amounts of Easily plant hundreds of seeds or any sweetener. No sugar, plants per hour into plastic covered preservatives, or bare ground seed beds. or GMOs. At natural food stores or Stand ‘N Plant www.pomonapectin.com 95 Rose Rd, Saltsburg, PA 15681 559-760-0910 Phone: 724-639-3965 or visit SEEDER PLANTER www.standnplant.com

90 || COUNTRYSIDE & SMALL STOCK JOURNAL Freez Free® Brand Nipple Waterer The Clean All-Weather Chicken Watering ValveTM

VeGetabLe SeeDS • Planting Supplies • Plastic Mulch • Drip Irrigation • Large Selection from • Keeps your chicken's water sparkling clean. Home Gardener or Commercial Grower • Resists freezing due to fewer internal metal parts. Call or Write For a FREE Catalog: • When used with a bucket de-icing heater, keeps the water 573-378-2655 flowing even when the temperature falls below freezing. Dept. CS, 18761 Kelsay Rd www.ChickenWaterer.com barnett, MO 65011-3009 © 2019 ChickenWaterer.com, LLC. All rights reserved. Freez Free® is a registered trademark of ChickenWaterer.com. Patent pending. www.MorganCountySeeds.com

PRESSURE COOKERS/CANNERS

SELF PRESERVATION FOR YOUR GENERATION AND THE NEXT

Designed & Manufactured IN THE U.S.A. SINCE 1930 DOES NOT USE GASKETS Visit www.aa-cd.co to ﬁnd an online retailer or call us direct at 920-682-8627

507-254-0622 LES RADCLIFFE FACTORY REPRESENTATIVE ULTIMATEOUTDOORFURNACE.COM

JANUARY/FEBRUARY 2020 || 91 Rd., Loma Rica, CA 95901. 530-743-5262. New York Registered and WOLF SHEEP FARM, Nora & Douglas Wolf, 4219 POLLED DORSET REACH OVER 100,000 PEOPLE FOR JUST $60/YEAR! Commericial. White Dorper. S. 9 Mile Rd., Allegany, NY 14706. 716-378-1935. Registered breeding Iowa GLENN LAND FARM, Wes Patton, 6352 Co. Rd. MARCH/APRIL 2020 DEADLINE: DECEMBER 19, 2019 stock, fleece and lambs. RIDER'S DORSETS, Joyce Rider, 1142 Lilac St., 27, Orland, CA 95963. 530-865-7250 or Cell: Murray, IA 50174. 641-447-2647. South Dakota Willis, 1043 Bear Creek Rd., Moreland, GA hotmail.com> Solid-maternal-type sheep! Registered ¡ :: ¹©§§«§©¬ Fullblood Dorper, White THE CREEK'S EDGE, Alan Leighton, 15331 30259. ph 770-254-1962. Dorsets. BULLFROGS POULTRY Dorper. Purebred, commercial rams & ewes. Dawkins Rd., Rapid City, SD 57703. 605-393-1972. Visit us on FB: Bear Creek Barnyard. Olde English Babydoll sheep. Idaho California Illinois Icelandic breeding stock & fiber. POLYPAY RANA RANCH BULLFROGS, PO Box 1043, ALEXANDER FARMS, Hazel Alexander, 1099 Twin Falls, ID 83303-1043. 208-734-0899. BARBADOS BLACKBELLY 1000th Ave., Lincoln, IL 62656. 217-737-2107. Illinois American Bullfrogs (Rana ILLE DE FRANCE Purebred and commericlal CAK POLYPAYS, Chris & Anna Kaeb, 639 N. 1000 catesbeiana). Deep soothing music on your pond. Virginia Dorpers. E. Rd., Buckley, IL 60918. 815-457-2618. NSIP/Lambplan. Focused on pounds of info sheet. Kentucky CRANE CREEK ILE DE FRANCE, Stephanie Apt 401, Harrisonburg, VA 22802. 540-383-0281. lamb weaned! Mitcham, 3061 160th St., Sumner, IA 50674. 563- MOCKINGBIRD ACRES, Sam Farmwald, 190 E. 578-5665. Fax 321-248-0107. CATTLE Barbados Blackbelly. Sullivan Rd., Munfordville, KY 42765. 270-570-3091, Ohio Cell: 270-537-4232. Dorper. Face- MISTY HOLLOW FARM, David Limbach, 14950 book. Stanwood St., Dalton, OH 44618-9545. 330-605- Arkansas Illinois BLUEFACED LEICESTER Nevada 1856 (cell). Forage based flock. Registered Polypays GRAMYBEAR FARM, Clair Gorton, 1068 Syca- since 1989! CHICKEN SCRATCH POU LTRY, Lar- WINDANCER FARM, Bruce & Gail LaFlame, JACOB more Lane, Leslie, AR 72645. 870-447-2869. ry & Angela McEwen, 14025 Cty Rd 975 E, Oregon 4187 St. Clair Rd., Fallon, NV 89406. Mini Jerserys. Fonnie SUDAN FARM, Dan & Susie Wilson, 32285 S Kropf 775-428-6414. McLeansboro, IL 62859. 618-643-5602. Illinois Thoman Line. Rd., Canby, OR 97013. 971-219-3882. Purebred & Full Blood Dorpers ROMNEY Closed and White Dorpers. chickenscratchpoultry.com> Coronation Sussex, Light fer, 10123 Freeport Rd., Durand, IL 61024. Missouri Flock, OPP test neg, export certified. Coopworths, Indiana HIGH-LAND FARM, Harold & Jann Ramey, 2074 Sussex, Lavender Orpington, Chocolate Orpington, 815-484-9018 Jubilee Orpington, Black Orpington, Black Copper Gotlands. Pennsylvania SHADY LANE SHEEP FARM, Linda C. Schooler, Country Road 314, Alton, MO 65606. 309-251-4114, J.S.B.A. registered Marans, Blue Copper Marans, Blue Laced Red Wyan- BLACK CREEK DORPERS, LLC, James Horst, Jr., 7380 Jersey Park Rd., Floyds Knobs, IN 47119. Cell: 309-251-5832. Scottish breeding stock; fleeces; roving; pelts; locker lamb. dotte, Crested Cream Legbar, Welsummers, Blue Am- 189 Black Creek Rd., East Earl, PA 17519. 717-445- 502-376-9611. Highland Cattle. CALIFORNIA REDS eraucana, Black Ameraucana, Rumpless Araucana, 6919. Registered Quality fleeces Olive Egger, Ayam Cemani, Maline, Silkies. fullblood and commercial Dorpers. KATAHDIN from Wensleydale, Gotland, Romney, CVM and New York Cormo. DOGS APPLE ROSE FARM, Elizabeth Ferraro, PO Box Iowa Oklahoma 695, Peru, NY 12972. DORSET Oregon COUNTY LINE HATCHERY, 2977 Linn Buch- LIMERICK FARMS, John & Mistie Lee, 16845 Oklahoma 518-645-3373. California SOUTHERN OREGON ROMNEYS, JoAnn anan Rd., Coggon, IA 52218. 319-350-9130. CRNS 218, Tipton, OK 73570. 580-563-6506 Rare and fancy limerickfarms.com> CONTINENTAL DORSET CLUB Inc., Debra Hopkins, OR 97423. 541-572-3094. Multipurpose bantams and more. Featuring Showgirls & Silkies. COLUMBIAS herd puppies. Scituate, RI 02857. 401-647-4676. Fax 401-647-4679. romneysonline.com> Romney. Farm Dogs: English & Australian Shepherds, Stan- Most economical and diverse poultry assortment Dorset sheep. KATAHDIN HAIR Kelpies. TROXEL COLUMBIAS, Dave & Mary Troxel, Chris SCOTTISH BLACKFACE Minnesota & Sara HIldebrandt, Courtney & Seth, N6127 Virginia Tennessee JOHNSON’S WATERFOWL, 36882 160th Ave. 9th Ave., Plainfield, WI 54966. 715-335-6854, Wisconsin FRANKFORD FARM, Lisa Murphy, PO Box ROUNDHOUSE FARM, John & Sandra Coward, 1871 HOGS NE, Middle River, MN 56737. 218-222-3556. Cell: 715-340-4812. LITTLEDALE, Graham & Margaret Phillipson, 349, Berryville, VA 22611. 540-955-1293. Back Valley Rd., Speedwell, TN 37870. John's cell: Buff or White Afri- Columbia. 21925 CTH ZZ, Richland Center, WI 53581. 608- Ile de France x 606-269-6114 or Sandra's cell: 423-441-0295. Dorset. [email protected]> Registered Katahdins. WHITE BISON FARM, Dave & Jodi Cronauer, or Black Crested, Saxony, Black or Blue Magpies, Scottish lines, Scotch 5711 Karls Ln., Laona, WI 54541. 715-674-2287. Penciled, White, Blue, Black, Grey (Mallard), and CORMO Mules, North Country Cheviot. LEICESTER LONGWOOL com> Idaho Pasture Pigs, KuneKune Pigs, American Penciled, Blue Bibbed & Pastel Call ducklings. Free APPLE ROSE FARM, Elizabeth Ferraro, PO Box Bison, Gypsy Vanner Horses. brochure. SHETLAND 695, Peru, NY 12972. New York Michigan MAPLE HILL FARM, Len and Janey Servin- Pennsylvania 518-645-3373. Cormo & POINT OF VIEW FARM, CaraLeigh Wilson & Sten, Texas KUNE KUNE PIGS California Red. PO Box 535, Bangall, NY 12506. 845-868-4140. ski, 2674 North Eastman Road, Midland, MI 48642. HOFFMAN H ATCHERY, IN C. PO B o x 989-631-2796 FOGGY HOLLOW RANCH, Lynda Davies, 129, Gratz, PA 17030. 717-365-3694. Registered Finnsheep. Leicester Longwool. We feature top AI lambs produced 5911 Cty. Rd. 225, East Bernard, TX 77435. Pennsylvania Chicks, turkeys, COTSWOLD from imported Australian English Leicester semen. 281-381-4311. KUNE KUNE PIGS OF HONEYBROOK, 436 ducklings, goslings, guineas, gamebirds, bantams, Ohio We hold a cooperative AI breeding opportunity at the Fine Churchtown Rd., Honeybrook, PA 19344. equipment. FREE CATALOG. Kentucky FALLING TREE RANCH, Walter R. Threlfall, DVM, farm each September. Exceptional breeding stock is fleeced Shetland Sheep. NASSA and FFSSA reg- 717-725-4666. Piglets available. Registered Kune COBBLEMEAD COTSWOLDS, Nathan & Eva Grif- 7012 Old Liberty Rd., Powell, OH 43065. 740-881- available for purchase. istered. Kune Pigs. Wisconsin fith, 3916 Taylor-Estes Rd., Louisville, KY 40245. 4417. Crossbreds and BASIL'S DUCKS, Todd Prutz, 4751 Coolidge Ave., 502-593-9889. purebreds. West Virginia Plover, WI 54467. 715-295-4048. Wood Duck, Mandarin, N6248 Deertail Trail, Glen Flora, WI 54526. Green Wing Teal, Blue Wing Teal, Falcated Teal, HARLEQUIN California 715-322-4011. Alabama Cinnamon Teal, Baikal Teal, Garganey Teal, Pintail, DOGS SPRING COYOTE RANCH, Kelli Dunaj, 18400 FFSSA Shetlands. LNL MINIFARM, Levon & Lynn Sargent, 663 RedHead, White Redhead, Silver Redhead, Gold- Virginia Highway 1, Marshall, CA 94940. 415-663-8354. Hulsey Rd., Henagar, AL 35978. 256-657-6545. eneyes, Hooded Merganser, Ring Teal, Mallards, Oregon SEEING SPOTS FARM, Kim & Lacee Gore, 1496 White and colored breeding stock, SHROPSHIRE com> AMJA % Miniature Jersey & Lowline crossbred Canvasback, Common Merganser, Red Breasted TION – A national performance registry. Tish Toren. 869-5508. lambs.com> Harlequin & Mini Harlequin. Pennsylvania Multipurpose Farm Dogs: LANE'S END FARM, Jan Motter, 12211 W. Rt. NIGERIAN DWARF English & Australian Shepherds, Standard & Border NORTH COUNTRY CHEVIOT 973, Jersey Shore, PA 17740. 570-398-2078. SHEEP Collies, Shetland Sheepdogs and Kelpies. ICELANDIC Our Shropshires are Wisconsin "Meat-wagons!" Pennsylvania Illinois DORPER LITTLEDALE, Graham & Margaret Phillipson, 21925 Gibson Farm, Joe & Stephanie Gibson, Blairsville, BABYDOLL SOUTHDOWN RED BRICK ROAD FARM, Terri Carl- CTH ZZ, Richland Center, WI 53581. 608-647- Indiana R & G FARMS, Danny & Cynthia Rogers, PA 15717, 724-422-0304, Georgia California 815-288-5886. littledalefarm.com> Scottish lines, Cheviot Mules, 996-3301, Cell 317-358-3260. Icelandic sheep. Scottish Blackface. com> Shropshire.

92 || COUNTRYSIDE & SMALL STOCK JOURNAL Rd., Loma Rica, CA 95901. 530-743-5262. New York Registered and WOLF SHEEP FARM, Nora & Douglas Wolf, 4219 POLLED DORSET REACH OVER 100,000 PEOPLE FOR JUST $60/YEAR! Commericial. White Dorper. S. 9 Mile Rd., Allegany, NY 14706. 716-378-1935. Registered breeding Iowa GLENN LAND FARM, Wes Patton, 6352 Co. Rd. MARCH/APRIL 2020 DEADLINE: DECEMBER 19, 2019 stock, fleece and lambs. RIDER'S DORSETS, Joyce Rider, 1142 Lilac St., 27, Orland, CA 95963. 530-865-7250 or Cell: Murray, IA 50174. 641-447-2647. South Dakota Willis, 1043 Bear Creek Rd., Moreland, GA hotmail.com> Solid-maternal-type sheep! Registered Fullblood Dorper, White THE CREEK'S EDGE, Alan Leighton, 15331 30259. ph 770-254-1962. Dorsets. BULLFROGS POULTRY Dorper. Purebred, commercial rams & ewes. Dawkins Rd., Rapid City, SD 57703. 605-393-1972. Visit us on FB: Bear Creek Barnyard. Olde English Babydoll sheep. Idaho California Illinois Icelandic breeding stock & fiber. POLYPAY RANA RANCH BULLFROGS, PO Box 1043, ALEXANDER FARMS, Hazel Alexander, 1099 Twin Falls, ID 83303-1043. 208-734-0899. BARBADOS BLACKBELLY 1000th Ave., Lincoln, IL 62656. 217-737-2107. Illinois American Bullfrogs (Rana ILLE DE FRANCE Purebred and commericlal CAK POLYPAYS, Chris & Anna Kaeb, 639 N. 1000 catesbeiana). Deep soothing music on your pond. Virginia Dorpers. E. Rd., Buckley, IL 60918. 815-457-2618. NSIP/Lambplan. Focused on pounds of info sheet. Kentucky CRANE CREEK ILE DE FRANCE, Stephanie Apt 401, Harrisonburg, VA 22802. 540-383-0281. lamb weaned! Mitcham, 3061 160th St., Sumner, IA 50674. 563- MOCKINGBIRD ACRES, Sam Farmwald, 190 E. 578-5665. Fax 321-248-0107. CATTLE Barbados Blackbelly. Sullivan Rd., Munfordville, KY 42765. 270-570-3091, Ohio Cell: 270-537-4232. Dorper. Face- MISTY HOLLOW FARM, David Limbach, 14950 book. Stanwood St., Dalton, OH 44618-9545. 330-605- Arkansas Illinois BLUEFACED LEICESTER Nevada 1856 (cell). Forage based flock. Registered Polypays GRAMYBEAR FARM, Clair Gorton, 1068 Syca- since 1989! CHICKEN SCRATCH POU LTRY, Lar- WINDANCER FARM, Bruce & Gail LaFlame, JACOB more Lane, Leslie, AR 72645. 870-447-2869. ry & Angela McEwen, 14025 Cty Rd 975 E, Oregon 4187 St. Clair Rd., Fallon, NV 89406. Mini Jerserys. Fonnie SUDAN FARM, Dan & Susie Wilson, 32285 S Kropf 775-428-6414. McLeansboro, IL 62859. 618-643-5602. Illinois Thoman Line. Rd., Canby, OR 97013. 971-219-3882. Purebred & Full Blood Dorpers ROMNEY Closed and White Dorpers. chickenscratchpoultry.com> Coronation Sussex, Light fer, 10123 Freeport Rd., Durand, IL 61024. Missouri Flock, OPP test neg, export certified. Coopworths, Indiana HIGH-LAND FARM, Harold & Jann Ramey, 2074 Sussex, Lavender Orpington, Chocolate Orpington, 815-484-9018 Jubilee Orpington, Black Orpington, Black Copper Gotlands. Pennsylvania SHADY LANE SHEEP FARM, Linda C. Schooler, Country Road 314, Alton, MO 65606. 309-251-4114, J.S.B.A. registered Marans, Blue Copper Marans, Blue Laced Red Wyan- BLACK CREEK DORPERS, LLC, James Horst, Jr., 7380 Jersey Park Rd., Floyds Knobs, IN 47119. Cell: 309-251-5832. Scottish breeding stock; fleeces; roving; pelts; locker lamb. dotte, Crested Cream Legbar, Welsummers, Blue Am- 189 Black Creek Rd., East Earl, PA 17519. 717-445- 502-376-9611. Highland Cattle. CALIFORNIA REDS eraucana, Black Ameraucana, Rumpless Araucana, 6919. Registered Quality fleeces Olive Egger, Ayam Cemani, Maline, Silkies. fullblood and commercial Dorpers. KATAHDIN from Wensleydale, Gotland, Romney, CVM and New York Cormo. DOGS APPLE ROSE FARM, Elizabeth Ferraro, PO Box Iowa Oklahoma 695, Peru, NY 12972. DORSET Oregon COUNTY LINE HATCHERY, 2977 Linn Buch- LIMERICK FARMS, John & Mistie Lee, 16845 Oklahoma 518-645-3373. California SOUTHERN OREGON ROMNEYS, JoAnn anan Rd., Coggon, IA 52218. 319-350-9130. CRNS 218, Tipton, OK 73570. 580-563-6506 Rare and fancy limerickfarms.com> CONTINENTAL DORSET CLUB Inc., Debra Hopkins, OR 97423. 541-572-3094. Multipurpose bantams and more. Featuring Showgirls & Silkies. COLUMBIAS herd puppies. Scituate, RI 02857. 401-647-4676. Fax 401-647-4679. romneysonline.com> Romney. Farm Dogs: English & Australian Shepherds, Stan- Most economical and diverse poultry assortment Dorset sheep. KATAHDIN HAIR Kelpies. TROXEL COLUMBIAS, Dave & Mary Troxel, Chris SCOTTISH BLACKFACE Minnesota & Sara HIldebrandt, Courtney & Seth, N6127 Virginia Tennessee JOHNSON’S WATERFOWL, 36882 160th Ave. 9th Ave., Plainfield, WI 54966. 715-335-6854, Wisconsin FRANKFORD FARM, Lisa Murphy, PO Box ROUNDHOUSE FARM, John & Sandra Coward, 1871 HOGS NE, Middle River, MN 56737. 218-222-3556. Cell: 715-340-4812. LITTLEDALE, Graham & Margaret Phillipson, 349, Berryville, VA 22611. 540-955-1293. Back Valley Rd., Speedwell, TN 37870. John's cell: Buff or White Afri- Columbia. 21925 CTH ZZ, Richland Center, WI 53581. 608- Ile de France x 606-269-6114 or Sandra's cell: 423-441-0295. Dorset. [email protected]> Registered Katahdins. WHITE BISON FARM, Dave & Jodi Cronauer, or Black Crested, Saxony, Black or Blue Magpies, Scottish lines, Scotch 5711 Karls Ln., Laona, WI 54541. 715-674-2287. Penciled, White, Blue, Black, Grey (Mallard), and CORMO Mules, North Country Cheviot. Idaho Pasture Pigs, KuneKune Pigs, American Penciled, Blue Bibbed & Pastel Call ducklings. Free APPLE ROSE FARM, Elizabeth Ferraro, PO Box Bison, Gypsy Vanner Horses. brochure. SHETLAND 695, Peru, NY 12972. New York Michigan MAPLE HILL FARM, Len and Janey Servin- Pennsylvania 518-645-3373. Cormo & POINT OF VIEW FARM, CaraLeigh Wilson & Sten, Texas KUNE KUNE PIGS California Red. PO Box 535, Bangall, NY 12506. 845-868-4140. ski, 2674 North Eastman Road, Midland, MI 48642. HOFFMAN H ATCHERY, IN C. PO B o x 989-631-2796 FOGGY HOLLOW RANCH, Lynda Davies, 129, Gratz, PA 17030. 717-365-3694. Registered Finnsheep. Leicester Longwool. We feature top AI lambs produced 5911 Cty. Rd. 225, East Bernard, TX 77435. Pennsylvania Chicks, turkeys, COTSWOLD from imported Australian English Leicester semen. 281-381-4311. KUNE KUNE PIGS OF HONEYBROOK, 436 ducklings, goslings, guineas, gamebirds, bantams, Ohio We hold a cooperative AI breeding opportunity at the Fine Churchtown Rd., Honeybrook, PA 19344. equipment. FREE CATALOG. Kentucky FALLING TREE RANCH, Walter R. Threlfall, DVM, farm each September. Exceptional breeding stock is fleeced Shetland Sheep. NASSA and FFSSA reg- 717-725-4666. Piglets available. Registered Kune COBBLEMEAD COTSWOLDS, Nathan & Eva Grif- 7012 Old Liberty Rd., Powell, OH 43065. 740-881- available for purchase. istered. Kune Pigs. Wisconsin fith, 3916 Taylor-Estes Rd., Louisville, KY 40245. 4417. Crossbreds and BASIL'S DUCKS, Todd Prutz, 4751 Coolidge Ave., 502-593-9889. purebreds. West Virginia Plover, WI 54467. 715-295-4048. Wood Duck, Mandarin, N6248 Deertail Trail, Glen Flora, WI 54526. Green Wing Teal, Blue Wing Teal, Falcated Teal, HARLEQUIN California 715-322-4011. Alabama Cinnamon Teal, Baikal Teal, Garganey Teal, Pintail, DOGS SPRING COYOTE RANCH, Kelli Dunaj, 18400 FFSSA Shetlands. LNL MINIFARM, Levon & Lynn Sargent, 663 RedHead, White Redhead, Silver Redhead, Gold- Virginia Highway 1, Marshall, CA 94940. 415-663-8354. Hulsey Rd., Henagar, AL 35978. 256-657-6545. eneyes, Hooded Merganser, Ring Teal, Mallards, Oregon SEEING SPOTS FARM, Kim & Lacee Gore, 1496 White and colored breeding stock, SHROPSHIRE com> AMJA % Miniature Jersey & Lowline crossbred Canvasback, Common Merganser, Red Breasted TION – A national performance registry. Tish Toren. 869-5508. lambs.com> Harlequin & Mini Harlequin. Pennsylvania Multipurpose Farm Dogs: LANE'S END FARM, Jan Motter, 12211 W. Rt. NIGERIAN DWARF English & Australian Shepherds, Standard & Border NORTH COUNTRY CHEVIOT 973, Jersey Shore, PA 17740. 570-398-2078. SHEEP Collies, Shetland Sheepdogs and Kelpies. ICELANDIC Our Shropshires are Wisconsin "Meat-wagons!" Pennsylvania Illinois DORPER LITTLEDALE, Graham & Margaret Phillipson, 21925 Gibson Farm, Joe & Stephanie Gibson, Blairsville, BABYDOLL SOUTHDOWN RED BRICK ROAD FARM, Terri Carl- CTH ZZ, Richland Center, WI 53581. 608-647- Indiana R & G FARMS, Danny & Cynthia Rogers, PA 15717, 724-422-0304, Georgia California 815-288-5886. littledalefarm.com> Scottish lines, Cheviot Mules, 996-3301, Cell 317-358-3260. Shropshire.

JANUARY/FEBRUARY 2020 || 93 ¡ :: ¹©§§«§©¬ Ohio Colorado Wisconsin British Registered Soays, California VARIOUS Waltz’s Ark Ranch http://www.naturalark.com/ SUGAR RIDGE RANCH, Jon, Charlotte & Vivian Ste- TEXEL VARIOUS Waltz’s Ark Ranch http://www.naturalark.com/ phenson, E8977 Pierce Hill Rd., Viroqua, WI 54665. Varigated/Romeldale, Leicester Longwool. Lambs poultry.html. Rare and heritage poultry, NPIP & AI clean.poultry.html. Several R areSussex and varieties,heritage poultry,Black & NBPIPlue Cop& AI- 608-637-6474. available. Idaho Alabama Alabama perclean. Marans, Several Swedish Sussex varieties,Flower Hen,Black Svart& Blue Hona, Cop- Shropshire. FISHER TEXELS, W. Eugene & Niki Fisher, VALLEY FARMS HATCHERY, P.O. Box 2201, VALLEY FARMS HATCHERY, P.O. Box 2201, Sultan,per Marans, Buttercup, Swedish Augsberger, Flower Isbar,Hen, SvartBreda Hona,Fowl, 2720 NE 25th Ave., Payette, ID 83661. Muscle Shoals, AL, 35662. 256-314-2282. TARGHEE Muscle Shoals, AL, 35662. 256-314-2282. Ixworth,Sultan, Buttercup,& more for Augsberger, 2020. All Isbar,raised B redanon-GMO/ Fowl, 208-315-5659. SOAY Organic.Ixworth, & more for 2020. All raised non-GMO/ Texel. Cornish Cross Organic. Montana Broilers, Freedom Ranger Broilers, NOVOgenCornish Cross Egg Maine CLOVER MEADOWS, LLC., Cal & Jule Layers,Broilers, BFreedomrown E ggRanger Layers, Broilers, White NOVOgen Egg Layers, Egg BEAU CHEMIN PRESERVATION FARM, Ward, 3424 Hwy 289, Sheridan, MT 59749. BLayers,antams, B rownDucks, E ggGeese, Layers, Turkeys, White Guineas,Egg Layers, and Jo A nn Myers, 1749 Finntown R d . , 406-596-0668. FALLING TREE RANCH, Walter R. Threlfall, StartedBantams, Pullets. Ducks, We Geese, sell over Turkeys, 150 different Guineas, breeds and of Waldoboro, ME 04572. 207-691-8164. Targhee. DVM,FALLI N7012G T REEOld LibertyRANCH, Rd., Walter Powell, R OH. Threlfall, 43065. poultry.Started HatchingPullets. We and sell shipping over 150 weekly different all breedsyear. We of 740-881-4417.DVM, 7012 Old Rd., Powell, CrossbredsOH 43065. arepoultry. NPIP Hatching certified. and shipping weekly all year. We and740-881-4417. purebreds. Crossbreds are NPIP certified. and purebreds.

an Introductory Guide to COUNTRYSIDE :: BREEDERS & CLASSIFIEDS ADVERTISING INFORMATION keeping Productive Pet Goats OUNTRYSIDE COUNTRYSIDE Advertising Information — The March/April 2020 Deadline: December 19, 2019 1x - 2x = $110 per inch, per issue Display Breeders/Classified 1x - 2x = $110 per inch, per issue Backyard GoaT 3x - 5x = $105 per inch, per issue (1" & 2" sizes) 6x6x == $100$100 perper inch,inch, perper issueissue Pulling carts around the farm or serving Use pictures, logo and color! FREE Ad Design! We can help set up your ad, quote an ad you already have running as loyal pack animals, goats are natu- We can help set up your ad, quote an ad you already have running or answer any other questions. E-mail us at: rally hardworking and make for friendly or answer any other questions. E-mail us at: For a color ad, add $50 per insertion companions. This straightforward guide For a color ad, add $50 per insertion or call [email protected] or call 1-715-748-1389 teaches you how to choose, house, feed, train, and breed the best goats for your • Please type or print legibly and indicate the words you space and needs. Whether you want to would like in bold or capital letters. churn out fresh dairy products, harvest would like in bold or capital letters. soft cashmere for knitting, or keep goats • Don’t forget to count your name, address, phone number, and e-mail if it is part of your ad. as playful pets, The Backyard Goat and e-mail if it is part of your ad. makes it easy to enjoy the benefits of E-mail addresses & websites are two words. E-mail addresses & websites are two words. Or Visit www.countrysidemag.com owning goats, with no experience nec- • 20 word minimum. Ads under 20Or words Visit www.countrysidemag.com will be charged $63. essary. 215 pages MAIL TO: Countryside Breeders/Classifieds, P.O. Box 566, Medford, WI 54451 970-392-4419 E-mail: [email protected] iamcountryside.com/shop Phone: 1-715-748-1389 • Fax: 1-715-785-7414 www.iamcountryside.com

94 || COUNTRYSIDE & SMALL STOCK JOURNAL Ohio Colorado Ohio Colorado VARIOUS Waltz’s Ark Ranch http://www.naturalark.com/ VARIOUS poultry.html.Waltz’s Ark RRareanch and http://www.naturalark.com/heritage poultry, NPIP & AI Alabama clean.poultry.html. Several R areSussex and varieties,heritage poultry,Black & NBPIPlue Cop& AI- Alabama clean. Several Sussex varieties, Black & Blue Cop- VALLEY FARMS HATCHERY, P.O. Box 2201, per Marans, Swedish Flower Hen, Svart Hona, VALLEY FARMS HATCHERY, P.O. Box 2201, Sultan,per Marans, Buttercup, Swedish Augsberger, Flower Isbar,Hen, SvartBreda Hona,Fowl, Muscle Shoals, AL, 35662. 256-314-2282. Sultan, Buttercup, Augsberger, Isbar, Breda Fowl, Muscle Shoals, AL, 35662. 256-314-2282. Ixworth, & more for 2020. All raised non-GMO/ Organic.Ixworth, & more for 2020. All raised non-GMO/ Cornish Cross Organic. Broilers, Freedom Ranger Broilers, NOVOgenCornish Cross Egg Layers,Broilers, BFreedomrown E ggRanger Layers, Broilers, White NOVOgen Egg Layers, Egg BLayers,antams, B rownDucks, E ggGeese, Layers, Turkeys, White Guineas,Egg Layers, and FALLING TREE RANCH, Walter R. Threlfall, StartedBantams, Pullets. Ducks, We Geese, sell over Turkeys, 150 different Guineas, breeds and of DVM,FALLI N7012G T REEOld LibertyRANCH, Rd., Walter Powell, R OH. Threlfall, 43065. poultry.Started HatchingPullets. We and sell shipping over 150 weekly different all breedsyear. We of 740-881-4417.DVM, 7012 Old Rd., Powell, CrossbredsOH 43065. arepoultry. NPIP Hatching certified. and shipping weekly all year. We and740-881-4417. purebreds. Crossbreds are NPIP certified. and purebreds.

OUNTRYSIDE COUNTRYSIDE Advertising Information — March/April 2020 Deadline: December 19, 2019

1x - 2x = $110 per inch, per issue Display Breeders/Classified 1x - 2x = $110 per inch, per issue 3x - 5x = $105 per inch, per issue (1" & 2" sizes) 6x6x == $100$100 perper inch,inch, perper issueissue Use pictures, logo and color! FREE Ad Design! We can help set up your ad, quote an ad you already have running We can help set up your ad, quote an ad you already have running or answer any other questions. E-mail us at: or answer any other questions. E-mail us at: For a color ad, add $50 per insertion For a color ad, add $50 per insertion or call [email protected] or call 1-715-748-1389

• Please type or print legibly and indicate the words you would like in bold or capital letters. would like in bold or capital letters. • Don’t forget to count your name, address, phone number, and e-mail if it is part of your ad. and e-mail if it is part of your ad. E-mail addresses & websites are two words. E-mail addresses & websites are two words. Or Visit www.countrysidemag.com • 20 word minimum. Ads under 20Or words Visit www.countrysidemag.com will be charged $63.

MAIL TO: Countryside Breeders/Classifieds, P.O. Box 566, Medford, WI 54451 E-mail: [email protected] Phone: 1-715-748-1389 • Fax: 1-715-785-7414 www.iamcountryside.com

JANUARY/FEBRUARY 2020 || 95 ¡ :: ¥¬¬ª¯²¥¨²ª°¬

AMERICAN BORDER LEICESTER ASSOCIATION, FINE FLEECE SHETLAND SHEEP ASSOCIATION Heather Stoltman, Recording Secretary, 1915 INC, FFSA Performance Registry, W7505 Hwy. 11, State Hwy 78, Stanford, KY 40484. 315-459-1287. Monroe, WI 53566. 608-558-5099 yahoo.com> Preserving, promoting and education of Traditional AMERICAN COOPWORTH REGISTRY, 82 1927cm Shetland Sheep. Sproul Hill Rd., Bristol, ME 04539. 207-563-5851. FINNSHEEP BREEDERS ASSOCIATION, Secretary, Registering Anne-Marie Elkins, 110 W. 6th Ave, #318, Ellens- performance recorded & purebred Coopworths. burg, WA 98926. 785-456-8500. PUREBRED DEXTER CATTLE ASSOCIATION OF AMERICAN EMUASSOCIATION, 510 West NORTHAMERICA (844) 732-2669 JACOB SHEEP BREEDERS ASSOCIATION TODAY.com> Dedicated to conserving Jacob sheep through registration and education.Discover this majestic, heritage ST. CROIX HAIR SHEEP INTERNATIONAL AMERICAN MILKSHEEP ASSOCIATION, Antonio breed! ASSOCIATION- “Polled and White” SINCE 1983. Pedulla, PO Box 210, Nottingham, PA 19362. Laurel Field, Secretary, 503-263-6376, mail to: 610-880-2718 KARAKUL SHEPHERDS ALLIANCE, Deborah Hunter, Registrar and Web Shepherd, PO Box UNITED SUFFOLK SHEEP ASSOCIATION, Amanda AMERICAN NORTH COUNTRY CHEVIOT SHEEP 1200, Colville, WA 99114. Cell 206-371-0995. Everts, Executive Secretary, PO Box 121, Holland, IA ASSOCIATION, Bonnie Henny, Sec/Treas., PO Open Flock Book. com> KATAHDIN HAIR SHEEP INTERNATIONAL, KHSI Op- U.S. TARGHEE SHEEP ASSOCIATION, Mardy Rut- erations, PO Box 778, Fayettesville, AR 72702, 479-444- ledge, Secretary, 8912 Saddle Red Ave, Las Vegas, AMERICAN OXFORD SHEEP ASSOCIATION, David 8441. Trotter, Secretary, 9305 Zollman Rd., Marysville, IN NV 89143. 702-292-5715 ustargheesheep@gmail. com 47141. 812-256-3478. TION AND REGISTRY (NABSSAR). Protecting, pre- NAVAJO-CHURRO SHEEP ASSOCIATION, PO serving and promoting the Babydoll Southdown. Edu- Box 19840, Boise, ID 83719. 208-562-1961. AMERICAN DORPER SHEEP BREEDERS SOCIETY, cational bi-annual newsletter, information and breeder NABSSAR Registry. churrosheep.com> 2550. Fax: 573-696-2030. NORTH AMERICAN CLUN FOREST ASSOCIATION, UNITED HORNED HAIR SHEEP ASSOCIA- Rich Fitz, Sec./Treas., 5185 N Washburn Rd, Davison, TION, INC. (UHHSA), Association Office and BARBADOS BLACKBELLY SHEEP ASSOCIATION MI 48423. 810-299-3417. Registrar: PO BOX 161, New Lebanon, OH INTERNATIONAL, registry for American Black- 45345. ph#937-430-1768. belly & Barbados Blackbelly hair sheep. Gorgeous, exotic-looking sheep. No shearing, very hardy, NORTH AMERICAN ROMANOV SHEEP ASSOCIA- Painted Desert, Texas Dall, Black Hawaiian, Corsican, worm-tolerant, regularly twin unassisted. Bred for TION, Don Kirts, Secretary, PO Box 1126, Pataskala, Desert Sand, New Mexico Dahl, Multi-horned Hair, superior meat quality! Directory of breeders at OH 43062-1126. 740-927-3098. com> CONTINENTAL DORSET CLUB Inc., Debra Hopkins, COLUMBIA SHEEP BREEDERS OF AMERICA, NORTH AMERICAN WENSLEYDALE SHEEP Executive Secretary/Treasurer, PO Box 506, North Charlie Worm, Executive Secretary, 507-360-2160. ASSOCIATION, PO Box 448, Scio, OR 97374, Scituate, RI 02857. 401-647-4676. Fax 401-647-4679. Sheep.org> com> Dorset sheep. The Big Book of KOMBUCHA BY HANNAH CRUM & ALEX LAGORY Brew your own kombucha at home! With more than 400 recipes, including 268 unique flavor combinations, you can get exactly the taste you want — for a fraction of the store-bought price. This complete guide, from the propri- etors of Kombucha Kamp, shows you how to do it from start to finish, with illustrated step-by-step instructions and troubleshooting tips. The book also includes information on the many health benefits of kombucha, fascinating details of the drink’s history, and recipes for delicious foods and drinks you can make with kombucha. iamcountryside.com/shop 970-392-4419

96 || COUNTRYSIDE & SMALL STOCK JOURNAL ¡ :: ¯¦¥¬¬²µ²§«¬

BUY, SELL, TRADE • EQUIP YOUR HOMESTEAD • PROMOTE YOUR BUSINESS JUST $3.15/WORD: 20 WORD MINIMUM • MARCH/APRIL 2020 DEADLINE: DECEMBER 19, 2019 (Approval of an ad does not constitute an endorsement.)

ALTERNATIVE ENERGY FREE MILKING EQUIPMENT

Propane and Solar Refrigerators/Freezers, SOON Church/Government Uniting, Su- Visit www.PartsDeptOnline.com for great Gas Lights, Solar Panels, Propane Ranges pressing "Religious Liberty," Enforcing deals on new milking equipment for cows and goats. and more. Free Brochures. 1-800-771-7702. "National Sunday Law." Be Informed! Need mail- We supply to all size dairies. Call for a free 180pg www.BensDiscountSupply.com. ing address only. TBSM, Box 99, Lenoir City, TN catalog. 1-800-245-8222. 37771. [email protected], 1-888-211- BEEKEEPING 1715. OF INTEREST TO ALL

MILLER BEE SUPPLYYOUR BEEKEEPING GARDENING "Why We Live After Death", The Search for EXPERTS SINCE 1976! Check us out for all your Truth" and more FREE titles from Grail Forum, 786 beekeeping needs. Whether you are just starting Jones Road, Vestal, NY 13850, 1-800-205-7307 or out or already have bees we are here to assist www.grailforum.com your needs. Call us Toll Free: 1-888-848-5184. 496 Yellow Banks Road, North Wilkesboro, NC THE MIDNIGHT CRY has sounded. The angel 28659. Email:[email protected] Website: of REVELATION 14:6 has come. Free literature. www.millerbeesupply.com. 800-752-1507.

REJECTED? Divorce? Remarriage? Free Book: BOOKS "What the Bible Really Teaches On Divorce & Remarriage" Write: LFCF, 27216 Ingel Rd., FREEBook: ABible message on Life-Death-Hereafter. Brookfield, MO 64648. www.TheRightJesus.com. FREE Tracts: Why does a Loving God permit Calami- WANT TO PURCHASE minerals and other oil/gas ties, The New Earth. Bible Standard Ministries (CM). GREENHOUSES interests. Send details to: PO Box 13557, Denver, 1156 St. Matthews Road. Chester Springs, PA 19425. CO 80201. www.biblestandard.com. Tough Greenhouse Plastics, Pond Liners. Resists hailstones. Samples. Box 42, Neche, ND 58265. PIANO TUNING PAYS. Learn with American School Chicken Talk 24-7 & Chicken Talk 2 204-327-5540. home-study course. Tools included. 1-800-497- True stories from our chicken yard. Why do 9793. chickens eat feathers? Read out loud to loved ones, color illustrations. Chicken laughter. HEALTH AVAILABLE ON: Amazon and Kindle POULTRY $14.99 + $3.00 S/H SIGNED COPIES AVAILABLE ARE YOU TIRED OF SU FFER- 4823 Rusty Nail Point #102 ING FROM BODY PAIN. IMPROVEYOUR Free catalog. Baby chicks, ducks, geese, turkeys, ColoradoC Springs, CO 80916 HEALTH. GREAT COMPANSATION PLAN. gamebirds, Canadian Honkers, wood ducks. www.phytozonforhealthandwealth.com Eggs to incubators. Books/supplies. 800-720- 1134. Stromberg’s 4, PO Box 400, Pine River, MN CBD OIL and other CBD/Hemp Products! 56474-0400. COOKBOOK Hempworx offers 250, 500, 750 or 1500 mg. Full spectrum 0.03% THC or board spectrum that is FREE CATALOG – Chicks, turkeys, ducklings, THC free. Not all cbd oils are safe, make sure goslings, guineas, gamebirds, bantams, equipment. yours is certified and 3rd party tested, like this one! Hoffman Hatchery, Box 129, Gratz, PA 17030. 717- Google cbd and what you want to feel better from 365-3694. or about... Benefits are endless. Get yours today with a 60 day money back guarantee even if the bottle is EMPTY!! More Information or order at: www.cbdgoldendrop.com or text CBDINFO to 715-965-1234.

Stop Nighttime Leg Cramps in one minute. Old Amish formula. See it at: DOGS HERBS Wanted – Old English Sheepdogs or Puppies. Text or email Jennie Mae @ 717-348-9413. HERBALCOM bulk herbs, spices, supplements. Quality at best prices. Free freight. Save at or 888-649-3931 for Free Catalog. lots more. Free catalog. Myers Poultry Farm, 966 EGG CARTONS Ragers Hill Rd., South Fork, PA 15956. 814-539-7026. THE EGG CARTON STORE. Modern service and KUNE KUNE PIGS speed, old world quality and value. Over 40 years of egg packaging and marketing expertise! Egg Cartons America's Favorite | Filler Flats | Beautiful Colored Cartons | Poultry Sup- plies. Call for GREAT wholesale / pallet quantity pricing! Poultry Magazine 866-333-1132. FREE SHIPPING on all cartons and filler flats WWW.EGGCARTONSTORE.COM.

ELECTRONIC HOBBIES

W5SWL Electronics - Ham Radio, 2-way, CB, Hobby backyardpoultry. antenna connectors, electronic parts and accessories. www.W5SWL.com iamcountryside.com

JANUARY/FEBRUARY 2020 || 97 ¡ :: ¯¦¥¬¬²µ²§«¬

POULTRY FEED POULTRY SUPPLIES SHEDS

Classic Sheds, LLC. Eli Huston, ph 715-316-3607. Wisconsin Amish Quality stock or custom sheds built to your needs, delivered and set up. Give us a call today to get discuss what you need! Serving Wisconsin Area.

TOOLS

SCYTHE SUPPLY. European scythes. Free Catalog. Perry, Maine. 207-853-4750.

CROSSCUT SAWS: SAW TOOLS, knives, fire- wood cutting, people-powered tools. Catalog, $1 U.S., $3 Foreign. Crosscut Saw Company, PO Box 7878, Seneca Falls, NY 13148. 315-568-5755. SEEDS/PLANTS/NURSERIES TRACTORS FAMOUS RARE SEED CATALOG: non-hybrid, unpatented vegetables, herbs, tobaccos, me- TRACTOR PARTS and more for older and antique dicinal plants, perennials, Free catalog. Hudson farm tractors. Free access to thousands of articles, Seeds, Box 337, La Honda, CA 94020-0337. photos and technical info, plus our popular discussion forums.

WANTED

AUTOGRAPHS, BANNERS, POLITICAL PINS, leathers, baseball cards, sports memorabilia wanted. Building Highest prices paid. Write: Stan Block, 128 Cynthia Rd., Newton, MA 02459. Small Barns, WORMS "Raising Earthworms for Profit" Illustrated manual for successful growing and selling - $15. Sheds & Shelters Request free brochure describing all our books. Shields Publications, PO Box 669-E, Eagle River, WI 54521. By Monte Burch 715-479-4810.

Bedrun Redworms–2,250/33, 5,000/$55, 10,000/$95, 20,000/$180. Postpaid-Fishing, Com- posting, Gardening. Greg Allison, 112 Stilwell Specific plans and Drive, Toney, AL 35773. "How to Guides" included. how-to-build instructions 256-859-5538. for popular home and family-farm structures. WORMS EAT MY GARBAGE how to Set Up & Extend your working, Maintain a Worm living and storage areas composting System with low-cost barns, sheds, and animal shelters.

iamcountryside.com/shop iamcountryside.com/shop 970-392-4419 970-392-4419

98 || COUNTRYSIDE & SMALL STOCK JOURNAL