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Agreements That Have Undermined Venezuelan Democracy Xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxthe Chinaxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx Deals Agreements That Have Undermined Venezuelan Democracy
THE CHINA DEALS Agreements that have undermined Venezuelan democracy xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxThe Chinaxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx Deals Agreements that have undermined Venezuelan democracy August 2020 1 I Transparencia Venezuela THE CHINA DEALS Agreements that have undermined Venezuelan democracy Credits Transparencia Venezuela Mercedes De Freitas Executive management Editorial management Christi Rangel Research Coordinator Drafting of the document María Fernanda Sojo Editorial Coordinator María Alejandra Domínguez Design and layout With the collaboration of: Antonella Del Vecchio Javier Molina Jarmi Indriago Sonielys Rojas 2 I Transparencia Venezuela Introduction 4 1 Political and institutional context 7 1.1 Rules of exchange in the bilateral relations between 12 Venezuela and China 2 Cash flows from China to Venezuela 16 2.1 Cash flows through loans 17 2.1.1 China-Venezuela Joint Fund and Large 17 Volume Long Term Fund 2.1.2 Miscellaneous loans from China 21 2.2 Foreign Direct Investment 23 3 Experience of joint ventures and failed projects 26 3.1 Sinovensa, S.A. 26 3.2 Yutong Venezuela bus assembly plant 30 3.3 Failed projects 32 4 Governance gaps 37 5 Lessons from experience 40 5.1 Assessment of results, profits and losses 43 of parties involved 6 Policy recommendations 47 Annex 1 52 List of Venezuelan institutions and officials in charge of negotiations with China Table of Contents Table Annex 2 60 List of unavailable public information Annex 3 61 List of companies and agencies from China in Venezuela linked to the agreements since 1999 THE CHINA DEALS Agreements that have undermined Venezuelan democracy The People’s Republic of China was regarded by the Chávez and Maduro administrations as Venezuela’s great partner with common interests, co-signatory of more than 500 agreements in the past 20 years, and provider of multimillion-dollar loans that have brought about huge debts to the South American country. -
NEV Users to Get Better Customer Protection
16 | Monday, August 2, 2021 HONG KONG EDITION | CHINA DAILY 10 | Wednesday, March 6, 2019 CHINA DAILY Firms to help European EV ambitions By LI FUSHENG end of the decade. It said the [email protected] investment will make its battery plant the first gigafactory in Chinese electric car battery China’s dominance France. makers are expanding their pres- of the industry is to “The battery plant is the begin- ence in Europe to support the ning of our cooperation. We will ambitions of native governments be expected given its have comprehensive strategic and carmakers in electrification. huge investments cooperation with Renault, includ- Last year, 1.39 million electric ing green factories, zero-carbon cars and plug-in hybrids were sold and the policies the technology, and the deployment of in the European Union; more than country has smart-charging infrastructure in those sold in China, the world’s Europe. This is just a starting largest single market for such implemented over point,” said Envision Group CEO vehicles. the past decade.” Zhang Lei. This momentum is expected to Earlier this month, Envision continue in the coming years as James Frith, BloombergNEF’s said it would make another invest- car giants, including Volkswagen head of energy storage ment of 423 million pounds ($576 and Daimler, have revealed a mas- million) to build a gigafactory in sive shift toward electrification the United Kingdom. and EU governments are imposing cell factory layout, machinery and This would be part of a flagship stricter rules on gasoline vehicles. production processes,” said the EV hub project with Japanese car- However, as Europe’s battery group that owns brands including maker Nissan. -
Le 17H00 26/11/2020
LE 17H00 26/11/2020 ATHLON FRANCE TRAVAILLE AU DÉPLOIEMENT D’UNE OFFRE DE MOBILITÉ Opérationnelle aux Pays-Bas, l’offre Athlon Flex, anciennement ChangeMyCar, sera testée en France en 2021 auprès d’un client pilote. « Athlon International avait conclu après une longue étude que les conducteurs avaient besoin de beaucoup plus de flexibilité, de pouvoir changer de voiture beaucoup plus souvent, alors que les contrats de LLD courent généralement sur trois ou quatre ans et bloquent tout changement sur cette période. Or il se trouve que la vie des conducteurs peut changer, ils peuvent par exemple avoir des enfants et avoir donc avoir besoin d’un véhicule plus grand », explique Gérard de Chalonge, directeur commercial et marketing d’Athlon France. L’idée centrale d’Athlon Flex est que les employés choisissent et modifient les solutions qui correspondent à leurs besoins de mobilité changeants. Un jeune diplômé qui commence tout juste son premier emploi peut combiner une voiture, un vélo et les transports en commun. Les employés peuvent conduire à une voiture électrique au quotidien tout en conservant la flexibilité nécessaire pour revenir à une voiture thermique pour les vacances. Les jeunes familles peuvent quant à elle passer à une voiture familiale pour s’adapter à leurs enfants. Il s’agit en quelque sorte d’un budget mobilité dernière génération qui repose sur une application mobile. La prochaine étape sera un déploiement sur le marché français. Gérard de Chalonge précise que l’offre sera testée en 2021 auprès d’un client pilote, l’objectif étant « d’adapter le dispositif à notre culture, au contexte et aux besoins locaux car la maturité des Pays-Bas sur les questions de mobilité est plus avancée que la nôtre ». -
L'expérience De Valeo
Séminaire Management de l’innovation n n n Séance du 21 novembre 2018 Comment un équipementier français organise ses activités en Chine : l’expérience de Valeo par n Édouard de Pirey n Vice-président du groupe de produits Systèmes d’électrification, Valeo En bref La Chine va vite, très vite. Usine du monde il y a deux décennies, elle est désormais une source majeure d’innovation, en particulier en matière d’intelligence artificielle, et elle bénéficie d’un marché intérieur en pleine expansion. Pour Valeo, équipementier mondialement reconnu pour ses technologies et présent en Chine depuis plus de vingt ans, le challenge est dorénavant de répondre aux exigences croissantes des constructeurs automobiles locaux, tout en s’intégrant aux nouvelles ambitions globales de l’empire du Milieu. Être chinois en Chine tout en restant un groupe international, développer localement des produits répondant aux exigences internationales les plus élevées, faire confiance et développer les compétences locales, tels sont les défis relevés aujourd’hui avec succès par Valeo Chine et ses équipes. Compte rendu rédigé par Pascal Lefebvre L’Association des Amis de l’École de Paris du management organise des débats et en diffuse les comptes rendus, les idées restant de la seule responsabilité de leurs auteurs. Elle peut également diffuser les commentaires que suscitent ces documents. Le séminaire Management de l’innovation est organisé avec le soutien de la Direction générale des entreprises (ministère de l’Économie et des Finances) et grâce aux parrains de l’École de Paris du management : Algoé 1 • Carewan 1 • Conseil régional d’Île-de-France • Danone • EDF • Else & Bang • ENGIE • FABERNOVEL • Fondation Roger Godino • Groupe BPCE • Groupe Caisse des Dépôts • Groupe OCP • GRTgaz • HRA Pharma 2 • IdVectoR 2 • IPAG Business School • L’Oréal • La Fabrique de l’industrie • MINES ParisTech • Ministère de l’Économie et des Finances – DGE • RATP • Renault-Nissan Consulting • SNCF • Thales • UIMM • Ylios 1 1. -
Development & Policy Forecast for Global and Chinese NEV Markets
Development & Policy Forecast for Global and Chinese NEV Markets in 2021 Invited by China EV 100, officials and experts from domestic and foreign government agencies, industry associations, research institutions and businesses attended the 7th China EV 100 Forum in January 15-17, 2021. The summary below captures the observations and insight of the speakers at the forum on the industry trend and policy forecast in the world and China in 2021. Ⅰ. 2021 Global & China Auto Market Trend 1. In 2021, the global auto market may resume growth, and the NEV boom is set to continue. 2020 saw a prevalent downturn of the auto sector in major countries due to the onslaught of COVID-19, yet the sales of NEVs witnessed a spike despite the odds, with much greater penetration in various countries. The monthly penetration of electric vehicles in Germany jumped from 7% to 20% in half a year and is expected to hit 12% in 2020, up 220% year on year; Norway reported an 80% market share of EVs in November, which is projected to exceed 70% for the whole year, topping the global ranking. Multiple consultancy firms foresee a comeback of global sales growth and a continuance of NEV boom in 2021 as coronavirus eases. 2. China's auto market as a whole is expected to remain stable in 2021, 1 with a strong boost in NEV sales. In 2020, China spearheaded global NEV market growth with record sales of 1.367 million units. The Development Research Center of the State Council expects overall auto sales to grow slightly in 2021, which ranges 0-2%. -
Package Africa*
Best automotive diagnostic tool on market! Date: 2021.09.28 Package Africa* List of supported car models *In case of programming of mileage or motohours, the software may be used only for repair purposes. However, in certain countries, the change of a value of an odometer (counter) or interference in correctness of his indications is prohibited under the threat of the penalties. In accordance with article 306a of the polish penal code, that is: “who changes the indica tion of the odometer of a motor vehicle or interferes in the correctness of its measurement is subject to imprisonment from 3 months to 5 years. The same penalty shall apply to anyone who commits another person to perform an act referred above.” CARS\ACURA\93C46 CARS\ACURA\93C56 V1 CARS\ACURA\93C56 V2 CARS\ACURA\ILX 93C66 CARS\ACURA\INTEGRA 93C66 CARS\ACURA\MDX\2000-2006 93C56 V1 CARS\ACURA\MDX\2000-2006 93C56 V2 CARS\ACURA\MDX\2007-2013 93C76 CARS\ACURA\MDX\2014... 93C66 CARS\ACURA\RDX\2008 93C66 CARS\ACURA\RDX\2013 93C66 CARS\ACURA\RDX\2019 93C86 CARS\ACURA\RDX\93C56 CARS\ACURA\RDX\93C66 CARS\ACURA\RL 93C66 CARS\ACURA\RSX\93C46 CARS\ACURA\RSX\93C66 CARS\ACURA\TL\93C46 CARS\ACURA\TL\93C66 CARS\ACURA\TL\93C86 CARS\ACURA\TSX\93C46 CARS\ACURA\TSX\93C66 CARS\ACURA\TSX\93C86 CARS\ALFA\147\147 93C86 CARS\ALFA\159\159 93C86 CARS\ALFA\166\166 2002... 93C56 CARS\ALFA\BRERA\BRERA 93C86 CARS\ALFA\ECU\EDC15 24C02 V1 CARS\ALFA\ECU\EDC15 SP08 CARS\ALFA\ECU\EDC16 95160 CARS\ALFA\ECU\EDC16 95640 CARS\ALFA\MITO\MITO 24C16 CARS\AUDI\A2 Page 1 Best automotive diagnostic tool on market! Date: 2021.09.28 CARS\AUDI\A3\(8L0) 6/1999...\Directly MM HC12 CARS\AUDI\A3\(8L0) 6/1999...\MAGNETI MARELLI CARS\AUDI\A3\(8L0) 6/1999...\VDO CARS\AUDI\A3\(8L0) 1996-5/1999\UK-NSI 93C56 CARS\AUDI\A3\(8L0) 1996-5/1999\VDO CARS\AUDI\A3\(8P0) 2003.. -
Chinese Carmakers Slash Sales Targets
16 | MOTORING Monday, March 23, 2020 HONG KONG EDITION | CHINA DAILY Nio bullish about its Short Torque BYD transforms lines business performance to support masks Many companies in China have transformed their businesses to despite coronavirus cater to the rising demand for masks amid the coronavirus epi- demic, and leading new energy By LI FUSHENG vehicle manufacturer BYD has [email protected] joined them. On Feb 17, BYD pro- duced its first batch of masks. Chinese electric car startup We are pleased to Each of its production lines can Nio is confident about its see encouraging make 50,000 masks a day, and in prospects this year despite the total five million masks and coronavirus outbreak, expecting results to date, and 300,000 bottles of disinfectant its gross profit margin to become expect around 35 can be made on a daily basis, positive in the second quarter. making the company one of the “Based on the current trend, percent expense biggest mask manufacturers in we would hope the daily new reduction compared the world. The company plans to order rate to return to the level of expand its production lines to a last December in April,” said to the prior quarter daily capacity of up to 10 million William Li, founder and chair- even under the masks. The masks will also be man of Nio, on an earnings call pressure of the provided to other countries hit last week. hard by the virus, after meeting He expected production, outbreak.” GAC showcases its Aion LX model in Shenzhen, Guangdong province last July. -
Chinese Investment in Europe: Corporate Strategies and Labour Relations
European Trade Union Institute Bd du Roi Albert II, 5 1210 Brussels Belgium +32 (0)2 224 04 70 [email protected] www.etui.org Chinese investment in Europe: corporate strategies and labour relations Edited by Jan Drahokoupil Chinese investment in Europe: China’s global outward foreign direct investment (FDI) has increased substantially over the corporate strategies last decade, with Europe as a key destination. The upsurge in Chinese outward FDI indicates a rebalancing of global political-economic relations, with China and its companies acquiring new and labour relations roles and gaining economic power. — Bringing together research on the rise of Chinese multinational companies and their activities in Europe, this book focuses on the business strategies of Chinese investors and on employment Edited by relations in Chinese-owned companies in Europe. It addresses the topic on three levels: it Jan Drahokoupil analyses the emergence of major ‘challenger multinationals’ that have risen from a peripheral position to become global market leaders, maps the patterns of Chinese investment in Europe, and includes case studies that show the diversity of these investments. The book aims to provide a holistic overview of Chinese activities in Europe, with individual chapters focusing on key sectors and covering the dierent types of investment across the continent. Chinese investment in Europe: in Europe: Chinese investment relations and labour strategies corporate by Jan Drahokoupil Edited D/2017/10.574/16 ISBN: 978-2-87452-454-7 Chinese investment in Europe: corporate strategies and labour relations Chinese investment in Europe: corporate strategies and labour relations — Edited by Jan Drahokoupil Brussels, 2017 © Publisher: ETUI aisbl, Brussels All rights reserved Print: ETUI Printshop, Brussels D/2017/10.574/16 ISBN: 978-2-87452-454-7 (print version) ISBN: 978-2-87452-455-4 (electronic version) The ETUI is financially supported by the European Union. -
Automotive in South Asia from Fringe to Global
Automotive in South Asia From Fringe to Global Extended Version of the Industry Case Study Done for: South Asia’s Turn Policies to Boost Competitiveness and Create the Next Export Powerhouse Priyam Saraf October, 2016 THE WORLD BANK GROUP . Acknowledgements: This case study was authored by Priyam Saraf ([email protected]), an Economist with the Trade & Competitiveness Global Practice of the World Bank Group. Michel Bacher, auto sector advisor, provided invaluable industry inputs on benchmarking with China, Vietnam, and Republic of Korea. The author is grateful to Vincent Palmade (Lead Economist, World Bank Group) for his excellent inputs and guidance throughout the process. The author would like to acknowledge the valuable comments made by the peer reviewers: Uri Dadush (Carnegie Endowment for International Peace), Navin Girishankar (World Bank Group), Pravin Krishna (Johns Hopkins University), and Shubham Chaudhuri (World Bank Group). Comments provided by Martin Rama, William Maloney, Esperanza Lasagabaster, Sanjay Kathuria, Denis Medvedev, Mike Ferrantino, Sebastian Saez, Daria Taglioni, Paramita Dasgupta, Amjad Bashir, and Jana Malinska from the World Bank and Emmanuel Pouliquen, Shamsher Singh, Arvind Srinivasan and Ramesh Ramanathan from the International Financial Corporation (IFC) helped improve the paper. Deeksha Kokas, Atisha Kumar and Lucia Garcia Velazquez provided superb research support. The author would like to acknowledge the many automotive firms and related public and private organizations that gave us their precious -
State of Automotive Technology in PR China - 2014
Lanza, G. (Editor) Hauns, D.; Hochdörffer, J.; Peters, S.; Ruhrmann, S.: State of Automotive Technology in PR China - 2014 Shanghai Lanza, G. (Editor); Hauns, D.; Hochdörffer, J.; Peters, S.; Ruhrmann, S.: State of Automotive Technology in PR China - 2014 Institute of Production Science (wbk) Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT) Global Advanced Manufacturing Institute (GAMI) Leading Edge Cluster Electric Mobility South-West Contents Foreword 4 Core Findings and Implications 5 1. Initial Situation and Ambition 6 Map of China 2. Current State of the Chinese Automotive Industry 8 2.1 Current State of the Chinese Automotive Market 8 2.2 Differences between Global and Local Players 14 2.3 An Overview of the Current Status of Joint Ventures 24 2.4 Production Methods 32 3. Research Capacities in China 40 4. Development Focus Areas of the Automotive Sector 50 4.1 Comfort and Safety 50 4.1.1 Advanced Driver Assistance Systems 53 4.1.2 Connectivity and Intermodality 57 4.2 Sustainability 60 4.2.1 Development of Alternative Drives 61 4.2.2 Development of New Lightweight Materials 64 5. Geographical Structure 68 5.1 Industrial Cluster 68 5.2 Geographical Development 73 6. Summary 76 List of References 78 List of Figures 93 List of Abbreviations 94 Edition Notice 96 2 3 Foreword Core Findings and Implications . China’s market plays a decisive role in the . A Chinese lean culture is still in the initial future of the automotive industry. China rose to stage; therefore further extensive training and become the largest automobile manufacturer education opportunities are indispensable. -
GREAT WALL MOTOR COMPANY LIMITED (A Joint Stock Company Incorporated in the People’S Republic of China with Limited Liability) (Stock Code: 2333)
Hong Kong Exchanges and Clearing Limited and The Stock Exchange of Hong Kong Limited take no responsibility for the contents of this announcement, make no representation as to its accuracy or completeness and expressly disclaim any liability whatsoever for any loss howsoever arising from or in reliance upon the whole or any part of the contents of this announcement. 長 城 汽 車 股 份 有 限 公 司 * GREAT WALL MOTOR COMPANY LIMITED (a joint stock company incorporated in the People’s Republic of China with limited liability) (Stock Code: 2333) ANNOUNCEMENT OF AUDITED ANNUAL RESULTS FOR THE YEAR ENDED 31 DECEMBER 2019 The board of directors (the “Board”) of Great Wall Motor Company Limited (the “Company”) is pleased to announce the audited results of the Company and its subsidiaries for the year ended 31 December 2019. This announcement, containing the full text of the 2019 Annual Report of the Company, is prepared with reference to the relevant requirements of the Rules Governing the Listing of Securities on The Stock Exchange of Hong Kong Limited in relation to preliminary announcements of Annual Results. The Company’s 2019 Annual Report will be available for viewing on the websites of The Stock Exchange of Hong Kong Limited at www.hkexnews.hk and of the Company at www.gwm.com.cn. Printed version of the Company’s 2019 Annual Report will also be delivered to the Company’s shareholders. By order of the Board Great Wall Motor Company Limited Xu Hui Company Secretary IMPORTANT NOTICE I. The Board, the Supervisory Committee and the directors, supervisors and senior management of the Company warrant that the contents of this annual report are true, accurate and complete and do not contain any false representations, misleading statements or material omissions, and jointly and severally take legal liability for its contents. -
2009-Mmrc-269
MMRC DISCUSSION PAPER SERIES No. 269 The Role of International Technology Transfer in the Chinese Automotive Industry Zejian Li, Ph.D. Project Research Associate Manufacturing Management Research Center (MMRC) Faculty of Economics, THE UNIVERSITY OF TOKYO July 2009 東京大学ものづくり経営研究センター Manufacturing Management Research Center (MMRC) Discussion papers are in draft form distributed for purposes of comment and discussion. Contact the author for permission when reproducing or citing any part of this paper. Copyright is held by the author. http://merc.e.u-tokyo.ac.jp/mmrc/dp/index.html The Role of International Technology Transfer in the Chinese Automotive Industry Zejian Li, Ph.D. (E-mail: [email protected]) Project Research Associate Manufacturing Management Research Center (MMRC) Faculty of Economics, THE UNIVERSITY OF TOKYO May 2009 Abstract The so called Independent Chinese Automobile Manufacturers (ICAMs), such as CHERY, Geely and BYD, emerged at the end of 1990's as new entrants to Chinese passenger vehicle market and have achieved remarkable growth. The phenomenon of these autonomous Chinese Automakers is drawing increasing attention not only from academia but also from business and government circles. This paper attempts to clarify the relationship between emergence of ICAMs and International Technology Transfer. Many scholars indicate the use of outside supplies (of engines and other key-parts), as a sole reason for high-speed growth of ICAMs. However, the internal approach, at a level of how companies act, is also necessary to outline all the reasons and factors that might contribute to the process. This paper, based on organizational view, starts from historical perspective and clarifies the internal dynamics of the ICAMs.