2= AUSTRALASIA geosector Observatoire Linguistique Linguasphere Observatory page 175

25= CENDRAWASIH covers the "Cendrawasih" or "North Central New Guinea" Indonesia; Papua New Guinea 5 reference area, composed of sets not covered by any geozone phylozone or by the "Trans-New Guinea" hypothesis, within the wider reference area of the "Papuan" hypotheses; comprising 25 sets of languages (= 76 outer languages) spoken by communities in Australasia centered on Cendrawasih Bay & (Bird's Head) Peninsula, extending from the Halmahera Islands in the west to Central New Guinea in the east: 25-A TOBELO+ TERNATE 25-B MOI+KALABRA 25-C ABUN 25-D YACH+ BRAT 25-E MPUR 25-F BORAI+ HATAM 25-G MEAH+ MANTION 25-H AWERA+ SAPONI* 25-I YAWA+ TARAU 25-J TUNGGARE+ BAPU 25-K WAREMBORI 25-L PAUWI 25-M BURMESO 25-N MASSEP 25-O VANIMO+ WARAPU 25-P KWOMTARI+ FAS 25-Q BAIBAI+ NAI 25-R PYU 25-S YURI+ USARI 25-T YADE 25-U BUSA 25-V AMTO+ MUSAN 25-W AMA+ NIMO 25-X POROME+ KIBIRI 25-Y BIBASA*

25-A TOBELO+ TERNATE HALMAHERA-NORTH Latin script set 25-AA TOBELO+ SAHU chain 25-AAA TOBELO+ TUGUTIL  net 25-AAA-a Tobelo Halmahera… Morotai islands; émigré > Raja Ampat islands Indonesia (Maluku); (Irian Jaya) 4 25-AAA-aa boëng Halmahera-N.… Morotai-N. islands; émigré > Raja Ampat islands Indonesia (Maluku); émigré> (Irian 4 Jaya) 25-AAA-ab heleworuru Halmahera-N. islands: Tobelo+ Wasile Indonesia (Maluku) 3 25-AAA-ac dodinga Halmahera-C. island: Pintatu Indonesia (Maluku) 3 25-AAA-b Tugutil+ Kusuri Halmahera-N. island inland: Kusuri… Kecamatan Tobelo country… Indonesia (Maluku) 3 Kecamatan Kao country: Taboulamo… Lolobata… Kecamatan Wasele country: Dodaga… Teluk Lili 25-AAA-ba tugutil Indonesia (Maluku) 3 25-AAA-bb teluk-lili Teluk-Lili environs Indonesia (Maluku) 25-AAA-bc kusuri Kusuri Indonesia (Maluku) 25-AAB GALELA+ LODA net 25-AAB-a Galela Halmahera-N.: Galela… Morotai-S.islands Indonesia (Maluku) 4 25-AAB-aa kadai Indonesia (Maluku) 4 25-AAB-ab kadina Indonesia (Maluku) 4 25-AAB-ac morotai Indonesia (Maluku) 4 25-AAB-ad sopi Indonesia (Maluku) 3 25-AAB-b Loda+ Bakun Halmahera-NW. island Indonesia (Maluku) 4 25-AAB-ba loda loloda-N. Loloda Indonesia (Maluku) 4 25-AAB-bb bakun Indonesia (Maluku) 3 25-AAB-c Laba Halmahera-NW. island Indonesia (Maluku) 3 25-AAB-ca laba loloda-S., kedi Indonesia (Maluku) 3 25-AAC TOBARU net 25-AAC-a Tobaru tabaru Halmahera-NW. island Indonesia (Maluku) 4 25-AAC-aa nyeku "lower" tobaru Indonesia (Maluku) 4 25-AAC-ab adu "upper" tobaru Indonesia (Maluku) 4 25-AAD SAHU+ IBU net 25-AAD-a Sahu sa'u, sau, sahu'u Halmahera-NW. island Indonesia (Maluku) 3 25-AAD-aa pa'disua palisua Indonesia (Maluku) 3 25-AAD-ab tala'ai Indonesia (Maluku) 3 25-AAD-b Ibu+ Waioli Halmahera-NW. island Indonesia (Maluku) 1 25-AAD-ba ibu Ibu river-mouth Indonesia (Maluku) 1 25-AAD-bb waioli wajoli, wayoli Indonesia (Maluku) 3 25-AAD-bc gamkonora Indonesia (Maluku) 3 25-AAE MODOLE+ PAGU net 25-AAE-a Modole madole Halmahera-NW. island Indonesia (Maluku) 3 25-AAE-aa modole-N. Kao upper valley Indonesia (Maluku) 25-AAE-ab modole-S. Kao middle valley Indonesia (Maluku) page 176 The Linguasphere Register 1999 / 2000 edition

25-AAE-b Pagu+ Isam Halmahera-NW. island Indonesia (Maluku) 3 25-AAE-ba isam Indonesia (Maluku) 25-AAE-bb pagu pago, pagoe Indonesia (Maluku) 3 25-AAE-bc toliwiku toliliko Indonesia (Maluku) 25-AAE-c Kao Halmahera-NW. island Indonesia (Maluku) 2 25-AAE-ca kao kau, ka'u Kao lower valley: Kao town Indonesia (Maluku) 2 25-AB MAKIAN-'WEST' chain 25-ABA MAKIAN-'WEST' net 25-ABA-a Makian-W. Makian-W.… Halmahera-W.… Kayoa islands Indonesia (Maluku) 4 25-ABA-aa makian-W. makian-barat, makian-luar distinct from [33=] Makian-E. Indonesia (Maluku) 4 25-AC TERNATE+ TIDORE chain 25-ACA TERNATE+ TIDORE net 25-ACA-a Ternate Ternate… Kayan… Bacan… Obi… Halmahera-NW. islands Indonesia (Maluku) 4 25-ACA-aa ternate-A. ternate "proper" Ternate island Indonesia (Maluku) 4 25-ACA-ab ternate-V. "vehicular" ternate Indonesia (Maluku) 4 25-ACA-b Tidore Tidore… Maitara… Mare… Moti-N.… Halmahera-NW. islands Indonesia (Maluku) 4 25-ACA-ba mareku tidore-W. Tidore-W. island Indonesia (Maluku) 4 25-ACA-bb soasiu tidore-E. Tidore-E. island: Soasiu Indonesia (Maluku) 4 25-ACA-bc tidore-V. "vehicular" tidore Indonesia (Maluku) 4 25-B MOI+ KALABRA set VOGELKOP-WEST, "bird's head"-W. Latin script 25-BA SEGET chain 25-BAA SEGET net 25-BAA-a Seget Vogelkop-W. peninsula Indonesia (Irian Jaya) 3 25-BAA-aa seget Seget Indonesia (Irian Jaya) 3 25-BB MOI+ WAIPU chain 25-BBA MOI+ WAIPU net 25-BBA-a Moi+ Waipu Vogelkop-W. peninsula… Salawati-E. island Indonesia (Irian Jaya) 3 25-BBA-aa waipu Salawati-E. island Indonesia (Irian Jaya) 25-BBA-ab mosana Salawati-E. island: Waliam+ Yefbo Indonesia (Irian Jaya) 25-BBA-ac moi-W. Vogelkop-W. peninsula… Sorong distinct from [21=] Mekwei (Moi) Indonesia (Irian Jaya) 3 & [25=] Moire (Moi-NE.) 25-BC MORAID chain 25-BCA MORAID net 25-BCA-a Moraid Vogelkop-W. peninsula Indonesia (Irian Jaya) 3 25-BCA-aa moraid Kalabra upper valley Indonesia (Irian Jaya) 3 25-BD KALABRA+ TEHIT chain 25-BDA KALABRA net 25-BDA-a Kalabra Vogelkop-W. peninsula Indonesia (Irian Jaya) 3 25-BDA-aa kalabra beraur Kalabra lower valley Indonesia (Irian Jaya) 3 25-BDB TEHIT net 25-BDB-a Tehit Vogelkop-W. peninsula Indonesia (Irian Jaya) 3 25-BDB-aa tehit tehid, kaibus Indonesia (Irian Jaya) 3 25-BDC KUWANI net 25-BDC-a Kuwani Vogelkop-W. peninsula Indonesia (Irian Jaya) 2 25-BDC-aa kuwani Indonesia (Irian Jaya) 2 25-C ABUN set VOGELKOP-NORTH, "bird's head"-N. Latin script 25-CA ABUN chain 25-CAA ABUN net 25-CAA-a Abun manif, yimbun Vogelkop-N. peninsula Indonesia (Irian Jaya) 3 25-CAA-aa abun-tat karon-pantai Indonesia (Irian Jaya) 25-CAA-ab abun-ji madik Indonesia (Irian Jaya) 25-CAA-ac abun-je Indonesia (Irian Jaya) 25-D YACH+ BRAT set VOGELKOP-CENTRAL, karon-dori+ amaru, "bird's head"-C. Latin script 25-DA YACH+ BRAT chain 25-DAA YACH+ BRAT net #mai =«language» 25-DAA-a Yach Vogelkop-C. peninsula Indonesia (Irian Jaya) 3 25-DAA-aa mai-yach karon-dori, meon Tamrau-N. mountains: Pef… Asses… Sunopi… Indonesia (Irian Jaya) 3 Siakwa 2= AUSTRALASIA geosector Observatoire Linguistique Linguasphere Observatory page 177

25-DAA-b Brat+ Maka including marey; fayok; maru; asmaun; tuf Tamrau-S. mountains Indonesia (Irian Jaya) 4 25-DAA-ba mai-brat brat "proper", ayamaru, ajamaru, amaru community Amaru lakes Indonesia (Irian Jaya) 25-DAA-bb mai-sawiet sawiet Indonesia (Irian Jaya) 25-DAA-bc mai-yah yah, yak Indonesia (Irian Jaya) 25-DAA-bd mai-maka maka Indonesia (Irian Jaya) 25-DAA-be mai-te te Indonesia (Irian Jaya) 25-DAA-bf mai-sefa sefa Indonesia (Irian Jaya) 25-E MPUR set amberbaken Latin script 25-EA MPUR chain 25-EAA MPUR net 25-EAA-a Mpur Vogelkop-N. peninsula Indonesia (Irian Jaya) 3 25-EAA-aa mpur kebar, amberbaken, ekware, dekwambre Tamrau-E. mountains Indonesia (Irian Jaya) 3 25-F BORAI+ HATAM set Latin script 25-FA BORAI+ HATAM chain 25-FAA BORAI+ HATAM net 25-FAA-a Hatam+Tinam including mansim Vogelkop-NE. peninsula: Arfak mountains Indonesia (Irian Jaya) 4 25-FAA-aa hatam hattam, atam Indonesia (Irian Jaya) 25-FAA-ab moire moi-NE. distinct from [21=] Mekwei (Moi) & [25=] Moi-W. Indonesia (Irian Jaya) 25-FAA-ac tinam Indonesia (Irian Jaya) 25-FAA-ad mirei Indonesia (Irian Jaya) 25-FAA-ae adihup Indonesia (Irian Jaya) 25-FAA-af uran Indonesia (Irian Jaya) 25-FAA-b Borai Vogelkop-NE. peninsula Indonesia (Irian Jaya) 3 25-FAA-ba borai Manokwari>S. Indonesia (Irian Jaya) 3 25-G MEAH+ MANTION set VOGELKOP-EAST, "bird's head"-E. Latin script 25-GA MEAH+ MANTION chain 25-GAA MEAH+ MOSKONA net 25-GAA-a Meah Vogelkop-NE. peninsula Indonesia (Irian Jaya) 4 25-GAA-aa meah meax, meyach, meyah, mejah, mejach, arfak, mansibaber Indonesia (Irian Jaya) 4 Manokwari-W. 25-GAA-b Moskona Vogelkop-SE. peninsula Indonesia (Irian Jaya) 3* 25-GAA-ba moskona sabena, meninggo, meningo Indonesia (Irian Jaya) 25-GAB MANTION+ SOUGH net 25-GAB-a Mantion+ Sough Vogelkop-E. peninsula Indonesia (Irian Jaya) 3 25-GAB-aa manikion Anggi lakes… Momi coast Indonesia (Irian Jaya) 25-GAB-ab mantion mantion "proper" Mutuo middle valley… coast Indonesia (Irian Jaya) 25-GAB-ac sough sogh Indonesia (Irian Jaya) 25-H AWERA+ SAPONI* part of "geelvink bay papuan" set 25-HA AWERA+ SAPONI chain 25-HAA AWERA+ SAPONI net 25-HAA-a Awera bilingual < [33=] Ansus Geelvink-E. bay Indonesia (Irian Jaya) 2 25-HAA-aa awera Wapoga river-mouth Indonesia (Irian Jaya) 2 25-HAA-b Rasawa Geelvink-E. bay Indonesia (Irian Jaya) 2 25-HAA-ba rasawa Indonesia (Irian Jaya) 2 25-HAA-c Saponi Geelvink-E. bay Indonesia (Irian Jaya) 1 25-HAA-ca saponi Botawa Indonesia (Irian Jaya) 1 25-I YAWA+ TARAU set part of "geelvink bay papuan" Latin script 25-IA YAWA+ TARAU chain 25-IAA YAWA+ TARAU net 25-IAA-a Yawa+ Tarau yapanani, mora, turu, mantembu, yava, iau Yapen-C. island Indonesia (Irian Jaya) 3 25-IAA-aa yawa-kiriow Yapen-N. coast: Kiriow Indonesia (Irian Jaya) 25-IAA-ab yawa-yobi Yapen-N. coast: Yobi Indonesia (Irian Jaya) 25-IAA-ac yawa-maninon mora Yapen-C. island: Maninon Indonesia (Irian Jaya) 3 25-IAA-ad ariepi Yapen-S. coast Indonesia (Irian Jaya) 2 25-IAA-ae tatui Yapen-S. coast Indonesia (Irian Jaya) 2 25-IAA-af sarawandori Yapen-S. coast Indonesia (Irian Jaya) 2 25-IAA-ag mariadei Yapen-S. coast Indonesia (Irian Jaya) 2 25-IAA-ah mantembu Yapen-S. coast Indonesia (Irian Jaya) 2 25-IAA-ai tarau Yapen-S. coast Indonesia (Irian Jaya) 2 page 178 The Linguasphere Register 1999 / 2000 edition

25-IAA-aj tutu Yapen-S. coast Indonesia (Irian Jaya) 2 25-IAA-ak kabuaena Yapen-S. coast Indonesia (Irian Jaya) 2 25-IAA-al yapanani+ borai Yapen-S. coast Indonesia (Irian Jaya) 2 25-IAA-am konti+ unai Yapen-S. coast Indonesia (Irian Jaya) 2 25-IAA-an wadapi-darat Yapen-S. coast Indonesia (Irian Jaya) 2 25-IAA-ao saweru Yapen-S. coast Indonesia (Irian Jaya) 2 25-J TUNGGARE+ BAPU part of "geelvink bay papuan" Latin script set 25-JA TUNGGARE+ BAUZI chain 25-JAA TUNGGARE+ BAUZI net 25-JAA-a Tunggare Geelvink-E. bay: Tabei-W. valley Indonesia (Irian Jaya) 2 25-JAA-aa tunggare tarunggare, turunggare Nabire Indonesia (Irian Jaya) 2 25-JAA-b Bauzi 3 25-JAA-ba bauzi Mamberamo-CW. valley Indonesia (Irian Jaya) 3 25-JAA-baa bauzi-A. baudi, bauri, baudji, baudzi Holmes-W. lake Indonesia (Irian Jaya) 3 25-JAA-bab gesda-dae Indonesia (Irian Jaya) 25-JB DEMISA+ BURATE* chain 25-JBA DEMISA net 25-JBA-a Demisa Geelvink-E. bay Indonesia (Irian Jaya) 2 25-JBA-aa demisa-A. Desawa+ Muyere coast… Wonoi valley: Botawa Indonesia (Irian Jaya) 2 25-JBA-ab demisa-V. "vehicular" demisa Indonesia (Irian Jaya) 25-JBB BURATE net 25-JBB-a Burate Geelvink-E. bay Indonesia (Irian Jaya) 2 25-JBB-aa burate Wapoga river-mouth Indonesia (Irian Jaya) 2 25-JBC TEFARO net 25-JBC-a Tefaro Geelvink-E. bay Indonesia (Irian Jaya) 2 25-JBC-aa tefaro Tefaro… Demba Indonesia (Irian Jaya) 2 25-JBD WORIA net 25-JBD-a Woria Geelvink-E. bay Indonesia (Irian Jaya) 2 25-JBD-aa woria Botawa Indonesia (Irian Jaya) 2 25-JC BARAPASI+ NISA* chain 25-JCA KOFEI net 25-JCA-a Kofei Geelvink-E. bay ¶semi-nomadic community Indonesia (Irian Jaya) 2 25-JCA-aa kofei recently settled in Sauri-Sirama Indonesia (Irian Jaya) 2 25-JCB SAURI net 25-JCB-a Sauri Geelvink-E. bay Indonesia (Irian Jaya) 2 25-JCB-aa sauri Sauri-Sirama Indonesia (Irian Jaya) 2 25-JCC BARAPASI net 25-JCC-a Barapasi Geelvink-E. bay Indonesia (Irian Jaya) 3 25-JCC-aa barapasi baropasi, siromi Barapasi valley Indonesia (Irian Jaya) 3 25-JCD NISA net 25-JCD-a Nisa Geelvink-E. bay Indonesia (Irian Jaya) 2 25-JCD-aa nisa-A. nisa "proper", kerema Danau-Nisa Indonesia (Irian Jaya) 2 25-JCD-ab bonefa Indonesia (Irian Jaya) 2 25-JD BAPU chain 25-JDA BAPU net 25-JDA-a Bapu Geelvink-E. bay Indonesia (Irian Jaya) 2* 25-JDA-aa bapu Mamberamo lower left-bank Indonesia (Irian Jaya) 25-K WAREMBORI set 25-KA WAREMBORI chain 25-KAA WAREMBORI net 25-KAA-a Warembori Mamberamo-W. river-mouth Indonesia (Irian Jaya) 2 25-KAA-aa warembori warenbori Warembori… Yoke Indonesia (Irian Jaya) 2 25-L PAUWI set 25-LA PAUWI chain 25-LAA PAUWI net 25-LAA-a Pauwi Mamberamo lower valley Indonesia (Irian Jaya) 2 25-LAA-aa pauwi Rombebai-W. lake Indonesia (Irian Jaya) 2 2= AUSTRALASIA geosector Observatoire Linguistique Linguasphere Observatory page 179

25-M BURMESO set 25-MA BURMESO chain 25-MAA BURMESO net 25-MAA-a Burmeso Mamberamo middle left-bank Indonesia (Irian Jaya) 2 25-MAA-aa burmeso taurap, boromeso, borumeso, monau, monao, manau Indonesia (Irian Jaya) 2 25-N MASSEP set 25-NA MASSEP chain 25-NAA MASSEP net 25-NAA-a Massep Apawar-E. river-mouth Indonesia (Irian Jaya) 1 25-NAA-aa massep masep Indonesia (Irian Jaya) 1 25-O VANIMO+ WARAPU SKO Latin script set 25-OA VANIMO+ SANGKE chain 25-OAA SANGKE net 25-OAA-a Sangke Kofro Indonesia (Irian Jaya) 2 25-OAA-aa sangke Indonesia (Irian Jaya) 2 25-OAB TUMAWO net 25-OAB-a Tumawo Tami river-mouth Indonesia (Irian Jaya) 2 25-OAB-aa tumawo sko, seko, sekol, sekou, seka Sko-Yambe… Sko-Mabo Indonesia (Irian Jaya) 2 25-OAC WUTUNG net 25-OAC-a Wutung Wutung-E. coast Papua New Guinea (Sandaun) 2 25-OAC-aa wutung udung Papua New Guinea (Sandaun) 2 25-OAD VANIMO net 25-OAD-a Vanimo Vanimo coast Papua New Guinea; Indonesia 3 (Irian Jaya) 25-OAD-aa vanimo manimo Yako+ Vanimo coast… Leitre-W. coastal enclave Papua New Guinea; Indonesia 3 (Irian Jaya) 25-OB WARAPU+ KRISA chain 25-OBA KRISA net 25-OBA-a Krisa Oenake-E. mountains Papua New Guinea (Sandaun) 2 25-OBA-aa krisa Krisa coast Papua New Guinea (Sandaun) 2 25-OBB RAWO net 25-OBB-a Rawo Rawo coast… Leitre coastal enclave Papua New Guinea (Sandaun) 2 25-OBB-aa rawo Papua New Guinea (Sandaun) 2 25-OBC PUARI net 25-OBC-a Puari Puari coast Papua New Guinea (Sandaun) 2 25-OBC-aa puari Papua New Guinea (Sandaun) 2 25-OBD WARAPU net 25-OBD-a Warapu Sumo… Ramo coast Papua New Guinea (Sandaun) 3 25-OBD-aa warapu Papua New Guinea (Sandaun) 3 25-P KWOMTARI+ FAS set part of kwomtari+ baibai grouping Latin script 25-PA KWOMTARI+ FAS chain 25-PAA FAS net 25-PAA-a Fas Bewani mountains… Onei coast Papua New Guinea (Sandaun) 3 25-PAA-aa fas bembi Papua New Guinea (Sandaun) 3 25-PAB KWOMTARI+ EKOS net 25-PAB-a Kwomtari Gedik… Yenabu lower valleys Papua New Guinea (Sandaun) 3 25-PAB-aa kwomtari-CW. Papua New Guinea (Sandaun) 25-PAB-ab ekos+ maragin including ekos… yenabi… maragin Papua New Guinea (Sandaun) 25-PAC GURIASO net 25-PAC-a Guriaso Wuro valley Papua New Guinea (Sandaun) 2* 25-PAC-aa guriaso Guriaso Papua New Guinea (Sandaun) 25-Q BAIBAI+ NAI set part of kwomtari+ baibai grouping Latin script 25-QA BAIBAI+ NAI chain 25-QAA BAIBAI net 25-QAA-a Baibai Sukara valley Papua New Guinea (Sandaun) 2 25-QAA-aa baibai Papua New Guinea (Sandaun) 2 25-QAB NAI net 25-QAB-a Nai Amanab district Papua New Guinea (Sandaun) 2 25-QAB-aa nai biaka, amini Papua New Guinea (Sandaun) 2 page 180 The Linguasphere Register 1999 / 2000 edition

25-R PYU set part of kwomtari+ baibai grouping 25-RA PYU chain 25-RAA PYU net 25-RAA-a Pyu October upper… Sepik headwaters: Biake No.2 village Indonesia (Irian Jaya); & adjacent 2 Papua New Guinea (Sandaun) 25-RAA-aa pyu Indonesia (Irian Jaya); & adjacent 2 Papua New Guinea (Sandaun) adjacent 25-S YURI+ USARI set Latin script 25-SA YURI+ USARI chain 25-SAA YURI+ USARI net 25-SAA-a Yuri+ Usari karkar Green River valley Papua New Guinea (Sandaun); & 3 adjacent Indonesia (Irian Jaya) 25-SAA-aa yuri distinct from [24=] Yuri Papua New Guinea (Sandaun) 25-SAA-ab auia+ tarauwi Papua New Guinea (Sandaun) 25-SAA-ac usari Papua New Guinea (Sandaun) 25-T YADE set 25-TA YADE chain 25-TAA YADE net 25-TAA-a Yade Horden valley Papua New Guinea (Sandaun) 2 25-TAA-aa yade nagatman, nagatiman, yare Tila Papua New Guinea (Sandaun) 2 25-U BUSA set 25-UA BUSA chain 25-UAA BUSA net 25-UAA-a Busa Horden valley Papua New Guinea (Sandaun) 2 25-UAA-aa busa Tila-S. Papua New Guinea (Sandaun) 2 25-V AMTO+ MUSAN set 25-VA AMTO chain 25-VAA AMTO net 25-VAA-a Amto West Range-N. mountains Papua New Guinea (Sandaun) 2 25-VAA-aa amto ki Papua New Guinea (Sandaun) 2 25-VB MUSAN chain 25-VBA MUSAN net 25-VBA-a Musan West Range-N. mountains Papua New Guinea (Sandaun) 1 25-VBA-aa musan musian, musa Papua New Guinea (Sandaun) 1 25-W AMA+ NIMO set LEFT-MAY, arai Latin script 25-WA AMA+ NIMO chain 25-WAA AMA+ YONUWAI net 25-WAA-a Ama+ Yonuwai sawiyanu, including apaka, abi, aboa, boropa, nasiap, waniabu Papua New Guinea (East Sepik) 2 Ambunti district: Sepik river>S. (Waniap creek) ¶semi-nomadic ; idioms have converged 25-WAA-aa ama including wopolu 1… wopolu 2, nokonufa… Ama Papua New Guinea (East Sepik) 25-WAA-ab kauvia kawiya Papua New Guinea (East Sepik) 25-WAA-ac yonuwai Papua New Guinea (East Sepik) 25-WAB LARO+ BO net 25-WAB-a Laro West Range-E. mountains Papua New Guinea (East Sepik); 2* (adjacent Sandaun) 25-WAB-aa laro "rocky-peak", iyo, yinibu Iwau… Agrame Papua New Guinea (East Sepik); (adjacent Sandaun) 25-WAB-b Iteri Left-May headwaters Papua New Guinea (East Sepik) 1 25-WAB-ba iteri asowi, sorimin, yinibu Papua New Guinea (East Sepik) 1 25-WAB-c Bo Right-May headwaters Papua New Guinea (East Sepik) 2 25-WAB-ca bo po Papua New Guinea (East Sepik) 2 25-WAC NIMO+ NAKWI net 25-WAC-a Nimo Left-May lower right-bank… Upper-May middle left-bank Papua New Guinea (East Sepik) 2 25-WAC-aa nimo Nimo… Wasuai Papua New Guinea (East Sepik) 2 25-WAC-b Nakwi Left-May lower valley (villages often relocated) Papua New Guinea (East Sepik) 2 25-WAC-ba nakwi Nakwi-Amasu Papua New Guinea (East Sepik) 2 25-WAD OWINIGA net 25-WAD-a Owiniga Upper-May lower valley Papua New Guinea (East Sepik) 2 25-WAD-aa owiniga samo, bero, taina Yei… Samo Papua New Guinea (East Sepik) 2 2= AUSTRALASIA geosector Observatoire Linguistique Linguasphere Observatory page 181

25-X POROME+ KIBIRI set Latin script 25-XA POROME+ KIBIRI chain 25-XAA POROME+ KIBIRI net 25-XAA-a Porome+ Kibiri polome Kikori tributaries Papua New Guinea (Gulf) 3 25-XAA-aa porome porome "proper" Papua New Guinea (Gulf) 25-XAA-ab kibiri "aird-hills" Aird Hills mountains Papua New Guinea (Gulf) 25-Y BIBASA* set 25-YA BIBASA chain 25-YAA BIBASA net 25-YAA-a Bibasa Papua New Guinea (Western) 2* 25-YAA-aa bibasa Papua New Guinea (Western) page 182 The Linguasphere Register 1999 / 2000 edition

26= SEPIK-VALLEY covers the "Sepik Valley" reference area, coterminous with Papua New Guinea; also 5 the "Sepik+ Ramu" hypothesis (less the "Sepik+ Ramu Indonesia (Irian Jaya frontier) geozone Marginal" sets, see 27-A to 27-F), within the wider reference area of the "Papuan" hypotheses; comprising 22 sets of languages (= 96 outer languages) spoken by communities in Australasia, centered on the Sepik and Lower Ramu valleys in New Guinea: 26-A BIKSI 26-B ABAU+ IWAM 26-C NAMIA+ AWUN 26-D BOUYE+ KAMNUM 26-E KALOU+ MAYO 26-F KWANGA+ KWOMA 26-G YERAKAI 26-H AMBULAS+ IATMUL 26-I SANIO+ HEWA 26-J BISIS+ KAPRIMAN 26-K ALAMBLAK+ KANINGRA 26-L MARAMBA 26-M MEKMEK+ BIWAT 26-N MONGOL+ LANGAM 26-O ALFENDIO+ MEAKAMBUT 26-P BOTIN+ ABU 26-Q BANARO 26-R BOREI+ BOSNGUN 26-S KIRE+ MIKAREW 26-T IGOM+ MIDSIVINDI 26-U RAO 26-V ANOR+ AIOME

26-A BIKSI set part of sepik grouping 26-AA BIKSI chain 26-AAA BIKSI net 26-AAA-a Biksi Sepik upper valley Indonesia (Irian Jaya); Papua New 2 Guinea (Sandaun adjacent) 26-AAA-aa biksi Indonesia (Irian Jaya); Papua New 2 Guinea (Sandaun adjacent) 26-B ABAU+ IWAM set UPPER-SEPIK, part of sepik grouping Latin script 26-BA ABAU chain 26-BAA ABAU net 26-BAA-a Abau Sepik upper valley… Green+ August tributaries Papua New Guinea (Sandaun); 3 adjacent Indonesia (Irian Jaya) 26-BAA-aa abau "green-river" Green River… Bibyun Papua New Guinea (Sandaun); 3 adjacent Indonesia (Irian Jaya) 26-BB IWAM+ AMAL chain 26-BBA IWAM net 26-BBA-a Iwam-W. May valley Papua New Guinea (East Sepik) 3 26-BBA-aa iwam-W. "may-river", "up-river" iwam Arai lower valley Papua New Guinea (East Sepik) 3 26-BBA-b Iwam-E. Sepik upper valley: Oum Papua New Guinea (East Sepik) 3 26-BBA-ba iwam-E. "sepik-river" iwam, "down-river" iwam, yawenian Papua New Guinea (East Sepik) 3 26-BBB AMAL net 26-BBB-a Amal Wagana valley: Wanibe confluence upstream Papua New Guinea (Sandaun) 2 26-BBB-aa amal-A. Papua New Guinea (Sandaun) 2 26-BBB-ab alai* Papua New Guinea (Sandaun) 26-BC CHENAP+ WOGAMUSIN chain 26-BCA CHENAP net 26-BCA-a Chenap Sepik valley: Leonhard Schultze confluence Papua New Guinea (East Sepik) 2 26-BCA-aa chenap tsenap, zenap, chenapian Papua New Guinea (East Sepik) 2 26-BCB WOGAMUSIN net 26-BCB-a Wogamusin Sepik valley: Leonhard Schultze confluence downstream Papua New Guinea (East Sepik) 2 26-BCB-aa wogamusin wongamusin Papua New Guinea (East Sepik) 2 26-C NAMIA+ AWUN set YELLOW-RIVER, part of sepik grouping Latin script 26-CA NAMIA chain 26-CAA NAMIA net 26-CAA-a Namia namie, nemia, "yellow-river proper", watalu, lu-jere Yellow… Sand Papua New Guinea (Sandaun; 3 valleys East Sepik adjacent) 26-CAA-aa ailuaki Papua New Guinea (Sandaun) 26-CAA-ab amani Papua New Guinea (Sandaun) 26-CAA-ac wiari Papua New Guinea (Sandaun) 26-CAA-ad lawo Papua New Guinea (Sandaun) 2= AUSTRALASIA geosector Observatoire Linguistique Linguasphere Observatory page 183

26-CB AK chain 26-CBA AK net 26-CBA-a Ak Sand upper left-bank Papua New Guinea (Sandaun) 1 26-CBA-aa ak Yawari-N. Papua New Guinea (Sandaun) 1 26-CC AWUN chain 26-CCA AWUN net 26-CCA-a Awun Wagana middle valley Papua New Guinea (Sandaun) 2 26-CCA-aa awun awon Abrau Papua New Guinea (Sandaun) 2 26-D BOUYE+ KAMNUM RAM, part of sepik grouping Latin script set 26-DA BOUYE chain 26-DAA BOUYE net 26-DAA-a Bouye Werni lower left-bank Papua New Guinea (Sandaun) 2 26-DAA-aa bouye Papua New Guinea (Sandaun) 2 26-DB KAMNUM chain 26-DBA KAMNUM net 26-DBA-a Kamnum Yellow River headwaters Papua New Guinea (Sandaun) 2 26-DBA-aa kamnum autu Papua New Guinea (Sandaun) 2 26-DC KARAWA chain 26-DCA KARAWA net 26-DCA-a Karawa Yula lower valley Papua New Guinea (Sandaun) 1 26-DCA-aa karawa Papua New Guinea (Sandaun) 1 26-E KALOU+ MAYO set TAMA, part of sepik grouping Latin script 26-EA KALOU chain 26-EAA KALOU net 26-EAA-a Kalou Wagasu middle valley Papua New Guinea (Sandaun) 2 26-EAA-aa kalou Papua New Guinea (Sandaun) 2 26-EB PAHI+ MEHEK chain 26-EBA PAHI net 26-EBA-a Pahi Wagasu upper left-bank Papua New Guinea (Sandaun) 2 26-EBA-aa pahi lugitama, wansum, riahoma Papua New Guinea (Sandaun) 2 26-EBB MEHEK net 26-EBB-a Mehek Torricelli foothills: Om-W. valley Papua New Guinea (Sandaun) 3 26-EBB-aa mehek nuku, me'ek, driafleisuma, indinogosima Nuku… Klaplei Papua New Guinea (Sandaun) 26-EC MAYO+ PASI chain 26-ECA PASI net 26-ECA-a Pasi Wagasu upper right-bank Papua New Guinea (Sandaun) 2 26-ECA-aa pasi besi Papua New Guinea (Sandaun) 2 26-ECB MAYO+ YAW net 26-ECB-a Mayo+ Yaw Sepik middle valley: Mehek>E. (10 villages) Papua New Guinea (East Sepik; 3 Sandaun) 26-ECB-aa yaw yawu, yau, warasai Papua New Guinea (East Sepik; Sandaun adjacent) 26-ECB-ab yessan-mayo mayo-yesan, maio-yesan, mayo, yasyin, yasi Papua New Guinea (East Sepik) 26-F KWANGA+ KWOMA part of sepik grouping Latin script set 26-FA KWOMA+ NUKUMA chain 26-FAA KWOMA+ NUKUMA net 26-FAA-a Nukuma Sepik middle left-bank Papua New Guinea (East Sepik) 3 26-FAA-aa nukuma Nageri-E. Papua New Guinea (East Sepik) 26-FAA-b Kwoma Sepik middle left-bank Papua New Guinea (East Sepik) 3 26-FAA-ba kwoma kuome, washkuk Papua New Guinea (East Sepik) 26-FB KWANGA+ SEIM chain 26-FBA SEIM net 26-FBA-a Seim Om middle right-bank Papua New Guinea (Sandaun) 3 26-FBA-aa seim Seim Papua New Guinea (Sandaun) 3 26-FBB WAMSAK* net 26-FBB-a Wamsak Papua New Guinea (East Sepik) 3 26-FBB-aa wamsak womsak, nihamber, mende, sambu Papua New Guinea (East Sepik) 3 page 184 The Linguasphere Register 1999 / 2000 edition

26-FBC KWANGA net 26-FBC-a Kwanga gawanga, womsak Om middle left-bank Papua New Guinea (Sandaun) 4 26-FBC-aa bongos Papua New Guinea (East Sepik) 3 26-FBC-ab tau Papua New Guinea (East Sepik) 3 26-FBC-ac apos Papua New Guinea (East Sepik) 2 26-FBC-ad bongomaisi bongamaise Papua New Guinea (East Sepik) 3 26-FBC-ae yubanakor Papua New Guinea (East Sepik) 3 26-G YERAKAI set part of sepik grouping 26-GA YERAKAI chain 26-GAA YERAKAI net 26-GAA-a Yerakai Chambri-W. lake Papua New Guinea (East Sepik) 2 26-GAA-aa yerakai yerekai Papua New Guinea (East Sepik) 2 26-H AMBULAS+ IATMUL NDU, part of sepik grouping Latin script set 26-HA NGALA chain 26-HAA NGALA net 26-HAA-a Ngala Sepik+ Wagasu-S. river-mouth Papua New Guinea (East Sepik) 2 26-HAA-aa ngala kara, sogap, swagup Papua New Guinea (East Sepik) 2 26-HB MANAMBU+ YELOGU chain 26-HBA MANAMBU+ YELOGU net 26-HBA-a Manambu Sepik middle valley: Ambunti Papua New Guinea (East Sepik) 3 26-HBA-aa manambu Papua New Guinea (East Sepik) 3 26-HBA-b Yelogu Yimi lower valley Papua New Guinea (East Sepik) 2 26-HBA-ba yelogu kaunga, buia-manambu Papua New Guinea (East Sepik) 2 26-HC AMBULAS+ KWASENGEN chain 26-HCA KWASENGEN net 26-HCA-a Kwasengen Yimi… Screw valleys Papua New Guinea (East Sepik) 3 26-HCA-aa kwasengen kwasenga, kwarsengen, kwasengan, wosera-W., hanga-hundi, nana- Papua New Guinea (East Sepik) 3 hundi Nungwaia… Pukago 26-HCB AMBULAS net 26-HCB-a Ambulas abulas, abelam Numelio… Parchi valleys Papua New Guinea (East Sepik) 4 26-HCB-aa wosera-E. Hayfield… Jama Papua New Guinea (East Sepik) 4 26-HCB-ab maprik Maprik Papua New Guinea (East Sepik) 3 26-HCB-ac wingei Wingei Papua New Guinea (East Sepik) 3 26-HD BOIKIN+ KUBALIA chain 26-HDA BOIKIN+ KUBALIA including kwusaun… haripmor net 26-HDA-a Kubalia Papua New Guinea (East Sepik) 3 26-HDA-aa rabundogum Rabundogum Papua New Guinea (East Sepik) 3 26-HDA-ab yumungu Yumungu Papua New Guinea (East Sepik) 2 26-HDA-b Kunai Kiniambu Papua New Guinea (East Sepik) 2 26-HDA-ba kunai Papua New Guinea (East Sepik) 2 26-HDA-c Yangoru yengoru, boikin-W. Yangoru Papua New Guinea (East Sepik) 4 26-HDA-ca kwolyik Kwolyik Papua New Guinea (East Sepik) 3 26-HDA-cb mambuk Mambuk Papua New Guinea (East Sepik) 3 26-HDA-cc kworabri Kworabri Papua New Guinea (East Sepik) 3 26-HDA-cd ambukanja Ambukanja Papua New Guinea (East Sepik) 3 26-HDA-ce soli Papua New Guinea (East Sepik) 2 26-HDA-d Munji boikin-C. Munji Papua New Guinea (East Sepik) 3 26-HDA-da niagombi Niagombi Papua New Guinea (East Sepik) 3 26-HDA-db nyakandogun Nyakandogun Papua New Guinea (East Sepik) 3 26-HDA-e Nagum nucum, boikin-E. Papua New Guinea (East Sepik) 4 26-HDA-ea mundjiharanji Papua New Guinea (East Sepik) 3 26-HDA-eb tuanumbu Papua New Guinea (East Sepik) 3 26-HDA-ec passam Papua New Guinea (East Sepik) 3 26-HDA-f Boikin "coastal" boiken, boikin "proper", boiken Boiken Papua New Guinea (East Sepik) 3 26-HDA-fa karawop Papua New Guinea (East Sepik) 3 26-HDA-fb salimbua Papua New Guinea (East Sepik) 3 26-HDA-g Mushu-W. Mushu-W. island Papua New Guinea (East Sepik) 3 26-HDA-ga mushu-W. "island" boikin Papua New Guinea (East Sepik) 3 2= AUSTRALASIA geosector Observatoire Linguistique Linguasphere Observatory page 185

26-HE SAWOS+ GAIKUNDI chain 26-HEA SAWOS+ GAIKUNDI net 26-HEA-a Sawos+ Chimbian tshwosh, tshuosh, kwaruwikwundi, "sepik-plains", kwongai Sepik Papua New Guinea (East Sepik) 3 middle valley: Pagwi+ Timbunke-N. 26-HEA-aa sawos-C. Kumbwingei… Torembi Papua New Guinea (East Sepik) 26-HEA-ab sawos-E. Papua New Guinea (East Sepik) 26-HEA-ac chimbian Chimbian Papua New Guinea (East Sepik) 26-HEA-b Koiwat Koiwat Papua New Guinea (East Sepik) 2 26-HEA-ba koiwat Papua New Guinea (East Sepik) 2 26-HEA-c Burui Sepik middle valley: Pagwi-N. Papua New Guinea (East Sepik) 2 26-HEA-ca burui Papua New Guinea (East Sepik) 2 26-HEA-d Gaikundi Papua New Guinea (East Sepik) 2 26-HEA-da gaikundi gaikunti Papua New Guinea (East Sepik) 2 26-HF IATMUL+ SENGO chain 26-HFA IATMUL+ SENGO net 26-HFA-a Iatmul "big" sepik, ngepma-kwundi, gepma-kwudi, gepma-kwundi Sepik Papua New Guinea (East Sepik) 4 middle valley: Tambunum + Japandai 26-HFA-aa palimbei iatmul-E. Papua New Guinea (East Sepik) 26-HFA-ab nyaura iatmul-C. Papua New Guinea (East Sepik) 26-HFA-ac nyaura-W. iatmul-W. Ambunti upper enclave Papua New Guinea (East Sepik) 26-HFA-b Sengo* Papua New Guinea (East Sepik) 2 26-HFA-ba sengo Papua New Guinea (East Sepik) 2 26-I SANIO+ HEWA set part of sepik grouping Latin script 26-IA SANIO+ NIKSEK chain 26-IAA SANIO+ HIOWE net 26-IAA-a Sanio+ Hiowe saniyo-hiyowe Wogamush valley Papua New Guinea (East Sepik) 2 26-IAA-aa sanio saniyo Papua New Guinea (East Sepik) 26-IAA-ab hiowe hiyowe Papua New Guinea (East Sepik) 26-IAA-ac makabuky Papua New Guinea (East Sepik) 26-IAA-ad nakiai Papua New Guinea (East Sepik) 26-IAB PAKA+ GABIANO net niksek, meiyari, sumwari 26-IAB-a Paka+ Setiali Double Mountain-W. mountain Papua New Guinea (East Sepik; 2 Sandaun) 26-IAB-aa paka April valley Papua New Guinea (East Sepik) 26-IAB-ab setiali Papua New Guinea (East Sepik; Sandaun) adjacent 26-IAB-b Gabiano Scharfe Mountain-W. mountain Papua New Guinea (East Sepik; 2 Sandaun) 26-IAB-ba gabiano kabiano Papua New Guinea (East Sepik; Sandaun adjacent) 26-IB HEWA+ YOLIAPI LAGAIP chain 26-IBA HEWA+ YOLIAPI net 26-IBA-a Hewa+ Yoliapi lagaip, including "upper" lagaip… lagaip-C.… "lower" lagaip #the Papua New Guinea (Enga; 3 above compounds of lagaip need to be equated with the names of Southern Highlands; Sandaun; inner languages listed below Lagaip valley… Ok-Om left-bank East Sepik) 26-IBA-aa hewa hewa "proper", hewa-N. Papua New Guinea (Enga; 3 Southern Highlands; Sandaun; East Sepik adjacent) 26-IBA-ab yoliapi yoliape, sisimin Papua New Guinea (Sandaun) 2 26-IBA-ac umairof Papua New Guinea (Sandaun) 26-IBA-ad morubanmin Papua New Guinea 26-IBA-ae kiane Papua New Guinea (Enga) 26-IBA-af mongolipa Papua New Guinea (Enga) 26-IBA-ag pauia Papua New Guinea (Enga) 26-IC PIAME chain 26-ICA PIAME net 26-ICA-a Piame Scharfe Mountain-E. mountain Papua New Guinea (East Sepik) 2 26-ICA-aa piame biami April River headwaters Papua New Guinea (East Sepik) 2 26-ID BIKARU chain 26-IDA BIKARU net 26-IDA-a Bikaru Burgers Mountain-N. mountain Papua New Guinea (East Sepik) 2 26-IDA-aa bikaru pikaru, bugalu Papua New Guinea (East Sepik) 2 page 186 The Linguasphere Register 1999 / 2000 edition

26-J BISIS+ KAPRIMAN "WIDER"-BAHINEMO, part of sepik grouping Latin script set 26-JA BITARA chain 26-JAA BITARA net 26-JAA-a Bitara April River valley Papua New Guinea (East Sepik) 2 26-JAA-aa bitara-A. bitara "proper" Papua New Guinea (East Sepik) 26-JAA-ab apowasi kakiru Papua New Guinea (East Sepik) 26-JB BAHINEMO chain 26-JBA BAHINEMO net 26-JBA-a Bahinemo Hunstein Range mountains Papua New Guinea (East Sepik) 2 26-JBA-aa bahinemo gahom, wogu Papua New Guinea (East Sepik) 2 26-JC MARI chain 26-JCA MARI net 26-JCA-a Mari Mari-N. lake Papua New Guinea (East Sepik) 2 26-JCA-aa mari Mari Papua New Guinea (East Sepik) 2 26-JD BISIS chain 26-JDA BISIS net 26-JDA-a Bisis Chambri lake… Salumei lower valley Papua New Guinea (East Sepik) 4 26-JDA-aa bisis Papua New Guinea (East Sepik) 4 26-JE WATAKATAUI chain 26-JEA WATAKATAUI net 26-JEA-a Watakataui Korosameri middle left tributary Papua New Guinea (East Sepik) 2 26-JEA-aa watakataui Papua New Guinea (East Sepik) 2 26-JF KAPRIMAN chain 26-JFA KAPRIMAN net 26-JFA-a Kapriman wasare, mugumute Korosameri… Blackwater valleys Papua New Guinea (East Sepik) 3 26-JFA-aa kapriman-A. Papua New Guinea (East Sepik) 2 26-JFA-ab karambit Kuvanmas lake Papua New Guinea (East Sepik) 2 26-JG SUMARIUP chain 26-JGA SUMARIUP net 26-JGA-a Sumariup Wagupmeri upper valley Papua New Guinea (East Sepik) 2 26-JGA-aa sumariup sogoba Sumariup Papua New Guinea (East Sepik) 2 26-K ALAMBLAK+ part of sepik grouping Latin script KANINGRA set 26-KA ALAMBLAK chain 26-KAA ALAMBLAK net 26-KAA-a Alamblak alambuk Kuvenmas lake… Karawari middle valley Papua New Guinea (East Sepik) 3 26-KAA-aa kuvenmas Kuvenmas-S. lake Papua New Guinea (East Sepik) 2 26-KAA-ab karawari Karawari middle… Wagupmeri valleys Papua New Guinea (East Sepik) 2 26-KB KANINGRA chain 26-KBA KANINGRA net 26-KBA-a Kaningra Blackwater valley Papua New Guinea (East Sepik) 2 26-KBA-aa kaningra kaningara Kuvanmas-N. lake Papua New Guinea (East Sepik) 2 26-L MARAMBA set part of yuat+ maramba grouping 26-LA MARAMBA chain 26-LAA MARAMBA net 26-LAA-a Maramba Sepik middle valley Papua New Guinea (East Sepik) 2 26-LAA-aa maramba Papua New Guinea (East Sepik) 2 26-M MEKMEK+ BIWAT YUAT, part of yuat+ maramba grouping Latin script set 26-MA CHANGRIWA chain 26-MAA CHANGRIWA net 26-MAA-a Changriwa Sepik middle valley Papua New Guinea (East Sepik) 2 26-MAA-aa changriwa Papua New Guinea (East Sepik) 2 26-MB MEKMEK chain 26-MBA MEKMEK net 26-MBA-a Mekmek Yuat middle valley Papua New Guinea (East Sepik) 3 26-MBA-aa mekmek Papua New Guinea (East Sepik) 3 26-MC BIWAT+ MIYAK chain 26-MCA MIYAK net 26-MCA-a Miyak Yuat middle valley Papua New Guinea (East Sepik) 2* 26-MCA-aa miyak Papua New Guinea (East Sepik) 2= AUSTRALASIA geosector Observatoire Linguistique Linguasphere Observatory page 187

26-MCB KYENELE net 26-MCB-a Kyenele Yuat middle valley Papua New Guinea (East Sepik) 3 26-MCB-aa kyenele keñele, kenen-birang, kyenying-barang, kenying-bulang Giling Papua New Guinea (East Sepik) 3 26-MCC BIWAT+ BUN net 26-MCC-a Bun Yuat middle valley Papua New Guinea (East Sepik) 2 26-MCC-aa bun Papua New Guinea (East Sepik) 2 26-MCC-b Biwat Yuat lower valley Papua New Guinea (East Sepik) 3 26-MCC-ba biwat mundugumor, munduguma Biwat Papua New Guinea (East Sepik) 3 26-N MONGOL+ LANGAM part of sepik+ ramu hypothesis Latin script set 26-NA MONGOL chain 26-NAA MONGOL net 26-NAA-a Mongol Yuat lower valley Papua New Guinea (East Sepik) 2 26-NAA-aa mongol Papua New Guinea (East Sepik) 2 26-NB LANGAM chain 26-NBA LANGAM net 26-NBA-a Langam Yuat lower valley Papua New Guinea (East Sepik) 2 26-NBA-aa langam Papua New Guinea (East Sepik) 2 26-NC YAUL chain 26-NCA YAUL net 26-NCA-a Yaul Yuat lower valley Papua New Guinea (East Sepik) 2 26-NCA-aa yaul Papua New Guinea (East Sepik) 2 26-O ALFENDIO+ ARAFUNDI, part of ramu grouping MEAKAMBUT set 26-OA ALFENDIO+ MEAKAMBUT chain 26-OAA ALFENDIO net 26-OAA-a Alfendio Arafundi valley Papua New Guinea (East Sepik) 2 26-OAA-aa alfendio Papua New Guinea (East Sepik) 2 26-OAB MEAKAMBUT net 26-OAB-a Meakambut Arafundi headwaters Papua New Guinea (East Sepik) 2 26-OAB-aa meakambut Avieme Papua New Guinea (East Sepik) 2 26-P BOTIN+ ABU set PORAPORA, "grass"; part of ramu grouping Latin script 26-PA BOTIN chain 26-PAA BOTIN net 26-PAA-a Botin kambot Keram valley Papua New Guinea (Madang) 3 26-PAA-aa kambot keram Kambot Papua New Guinea (Madang) 3 26-PAA-ab kambaramba Sepik river + Keram-S. tributary Papua New Guinea (Madang) 3 26-PB ABU+ AION chain 26-PBA ABU+ AION net 26-PBA-a Aion Porapora lower valley Papua New Guinea (East Sepik) 2 26-PBA-aa aion Papua New Guinea (East Sepik) 2 26-PBA-b Lembum Porapora headwaters Papua New Guinea (East Sepik) 2 26-PBA-ba lembum Papua New Guinea (East Sepik) 2 26-PBA-c Abu Porapora… Ramu lower valleys Papua New Guinea (East Sepik; 3 Madang) 26-PBA-ca abu-A. Papua New Guinea 26-PBA-cb adjora adjoria Papua New Guinea 26-PBA-cc azao Papua New Guinea 26-PC GOROVU chain 26-PCA GOROVU net 26-PCA-a Gorovu Bangapela Papua New Guinea (East Sepik; 1 Madang) 26-PCA-aa gorovu gorova, yerani Papua New Guinea (East Sepik; 1 Madang) 26-Q BANARO set part of ramu grouping Latin script 26-QA BANARO chain 26-QAA BANARO net 26-QAA-a Banaro Keram+ Clay valleys… Ramu valley Papua New Guinea (East Sepik; 3 Madang adjacent) 26-QAA-aa banaro banar, banara Yar… Ninias Papua New Guinea (East Sepik; 3 Madang adjacent) page 188 The Linguasphere Register 1999 / 2000 edition

26-R BOREI+ BOSNGUN OTTILIEN, part of ramu grouping Latin script set 26-RA BOREI+ WATAM chain 26-RAA BOREI+ WATAM net 26-RAA-a Watam Cape Girgir coast Papua New Guinea (East Sepik; 2 Madang) 26-RAA-aa watam Watam… Marangis Papua New Guinea (East Sepik; 2 Madang) 26-RAA-b Borei gamei Boroi coast Papua New Guinea (Madang) 3 26-RAA-ba boroi Boroi Papua New Guinea (Madang) 26-RAA-bb borewar Buliva Papua New Guinea (Madang) 26-RAA-bc botbot Botbot Papua New Guinea (Madang) 26-RAA-bd gamei gamai Gamei Papua New Guinea (Madang) 26-RAA-c Kaian kayan Boroi>N. coast Papua New Guinea (Madang) 2 26-RAA-ca kaian kayan Papua New Guinea (Madang) 2 26-RB BOSNGUN+ AWAR chain 26-RBA BOSNGUN net 26-RBA-a Bosngun Ramu lower left-bank: Bosman Papua New Guinea (Madang) 2 26-RBA-aa bosngun bosman Papua New Guinea (Madang; East 2 Sepik adjacent) 26-RBB AWAR net 26-RBB-a Awar Hansa-N. bay Papua New Guinea (Madang) 2 26-RBB-aa awar-A. Awar Papua New Guinea (Madang) 26-RBB-ab nubia Nubia Papua New Guinea (Madang) 26-S KIRE+ MIKAREW set MISEGIAN, part of ramu grouping Latin script 26-SA KIRE+ MIKAREW chain 26-SAA KIRE net 26-SAA-a Kire Ramu lower right-bank Papua New Guinea (Madang) 3 26-SAA-aa kire gire, giri, kire-puire Giri Papua New Guinea (Madang) 3 26-SAB SEPEN net 26-SAB-a Sepen Papua New Guinea (Madang) 2 26-SAB-aa sepen Sepen Papua New Guinea (Madang) 2 26-SAC MIKAREW net 26-SAC-a Mikarew Hansa-S. bay Papua New Guinea (Madang) 3 26-SAC-aa mikarew aruamu, ariawiai, makarup, makarub, mikarup, mikarew-ariaw Papua New Guinea (Madang) 3 Makarup… Mikarew 26-T IGOM+ MIDSIVINDI GOAM, part of ramu grouping Latin script set 26-TA ANDARUM chain part of "ataitan" 26-TAA ANDARUM net 26-TAA-a Andarum Ramu middle right-bank Papua New Guinea (Madang) 3 26-TAA-aa andarum Andarum Papua New Guinea (Madang) 3 26-TB IGOM+ TANGGU part of "ataitan" chain 26-TBA IGOM net 26-TBA-a Igom Sokumu>W. Papua New Guinea (Madang) 3 26-TBA-aa igom comprises 2 dialects Papua New Guinea (Madang) 3 26-TBB TANGGU net 26-TBB-a Tanggu Sokumu Papua New Guinea (Madang) 3 26-TBB-aa tanggu tanggum, tangu Papua New Guinea (Madang) 3 26-TC TANGUAT chain part of "ataitan" 26-TCA TANGUAT net 26-TCA-a Tanguat Goam middle valley Papua New Guinea (Madang) 2 26-TCA-aa tanguat Tanguat Papua New Guinea (Madang) 2 26-TD MIDSIVINDI+ BRERI TAMOLAN chain 26-TDA MIDSIVINDI+ ITUTANG net 26-TDA-a Itutang Goam middle right-bank Papua New Guinea (Madang) 2 26-TDA-aa itutang Itutang Papua New Guinea (Madang) 2 26-TDA-b Midsivindi Goam middle left-bank Papua New Guinea (Madang) 2 26-TDA-ba midsivindi Midisvindi Papua New Guinea (Madang) 2 2= AUSTRALASIA geosector Observatoire Linguistique Linguasphere Observatory page 189

26-TDA-c Igana* Goam middle… Aingurum lower valleys Papua New Guinea (Madang) 2 26-TDA-ca igana Papua New Guinea (Madang) 2 26-TDB BRERI+ ROMKUN net 26-TDB-a Kominimung* Goam… Aingurum confluence Papua New Guinea (Madang) 2 26-TDB-aa kominimung Papua New Guinea (Madang) 2 26-TDB-b Breri Sogeram lower valley Papua New Guinea (Madang) 3 26-TDB-ba breri kuanga Guanga Papua New Guinea (Madang) 3 26-TDB-c Romkun Goam lower valley Papua New Guinea (Madang) 2 26-TDB-ca romkun romkuin Romkun Papua New Guinea (Madang) 2 26-TDC AKRUKAY net 26-TDC-a Akrukay Sogeram middle valley Papua New Guinea (Madang) 2 26-TDC-aa akrukay Akrukay Papua New Guinea (Madang) 2 26-U RAO set part of 'annaberg' grouping Latin script 26-UA RAO chain 26-UAA RAO net 26-UAA-a Rao Keram… Ramu middle valleys Papua New Guinea (Madang; East 3 Sepik adjacent) 26-UAA-aa rao rao-breri Gorendo… Annaberg Papua New Guinea (Madang; East 3 Sepik adjacent) 26-V ANOR+ AIOME set AIAN, part of 'annaberg' grouping 26-VA ANOR+ AIOME chain 26-VAA ANOR net 26-VAA-a Anor Ramu middle right-bank Papua New Guinea (Madang) 2 26-VAA-aa anor Iwam Papua New Guinea (Madang) 2 26-VAB AIOME net 26-VAB-a Aiome Ramu middle left-bank Papua New Guinea (Madang) 2 26-VAB-aa aiome ayom, annaberg "proper" Aiome Patrol Post Papua New Guinea (Madang) 2 page 190 The Linguasphere Register 1999 / 2000 edition

27= BISMARCK-SEA covers the "East New-Guinea+ Solomons" reference area, Papua New Guinea; Solomon 4 within the wider reference area of the "Papuan" hypotheses; Islands geozone comprising 26 sets of languages (101 outer languages) spoken by communities in Australasia, centered on the Bismarck Sea and Archipelago, extending from Eastern New Guinea through New Britain, New Ireland and the North Solomon islands (all part of Papua New Guinea) to the Solomon Islands: 27-A PAPI+ SUARMIN 27-B WALIO+ PEI 27-C YABIO+ TUWARI 27-D ANGORAM+ CHAMBRI 27-E MURIK+ KOPAR 27-F GAPUN 27-G AUNALEI+ SETA 27-H YIS+ MITANG 27-I BELI+ ARINUA 27-J KOMBIO+ MUHIANG 27-K URIM 27-L MANDI+ BUNA 27-M MONUMBO+ LILAU 27-N ANEM 27-O WASI 27-P KOL+ SUI 27-Q SULKA 27-R SIMBALI+ MALI 27-S TAULIL+ BUTAM 27-T KUOT 27-U KUNUA+ EIVO 27-V BUIN+ NASIOI 27-W YELE 27-X BILUA+ SAVO 27-Y KAZUKURU 27-Z AYIWO+ NEA

27-A PAPI+ SUARMIN set part of "leonhard-schultze" grouping, among the "sepik+ ramu marginal" sets Latin script 27-AA PAPI chain 27-AAA PAPI net 27-AAA-a Papi Frieda valley Papua New Guinea (East Sepik) 1 27-AAA-aa papi paupe Papua New Guinea (East Sepik) 1 27-AB SUARMIN chain 27-ABA SUARMIN net 27-ABA-a Suarmin Schatteburg-S. mountains Papua New Guinea (Sandaun) 2 27-ABA-aa suarmin duranmin, akiapmin Kenu valley: Duranmin Papua New Guinea (Sandaun) 2 27-B WALIO+ PEI set part of "leonhard-schultze" grouping, among the "sepik+ ramu marginal" sets Latin script 27-BA PEI chain 27-BAA PEI net 27-BAA-a Pei Walio, Leonhard Schultze middle right-bank Papua New Guinea (East Sepik) 2 27-BAA-aa pei pai Papua New Guinea (East Sepik) 2 27-BB WALIO chain 27-BBA WALIO net 27-BBA-a Walio Walio, Leonhard Schultze middle left-bank Papua New Guinea (East Sepik) 2 27-BBA-aa walio Papua New Guinea (East Sepik) 2 27-C YABIO+ TUWARI set part of "leonhard-schultze" grouping, among the "sepik+ ramu marginal" sets Latin script 27-CA YABIO chain 27-CAA YABIO net 27-CAA-a Yabio Walio, Leonhard Schultze upper valley Papua New Guinea 2 27-CAA-aa yabio Woswori Papua New Guinea (East Sepik; 2 Sandaun) 27-CB TUWARI chain 27-CBA TUWARI net 27-CBA-a Tuwari Schatteburg mountains Papua New Guinea (Sandaun) 2 27-CBA-aa tuwari-N. Schatteburg-N. mountains: Walio, Leonhard Schultze headwaters Papua New Guinea (Sandaun) 27-CBA-ab tuwari-S. Schatteburg-S. mountains Papua New Guinea (Sandaun) 27-D ANGORAM+ PONDO, part of nor+pondo grouping, among the "sepik+ ramu CHAMBRI set marginal" sets Latin script 27-DA CHAMBRI chain 27-DAA CHAMBRI net 27-DAA-a Chambri Chambri lake. Papua New Guinea (East Sepik) 3 27-DAA-aa chambri tshamberi, tchambuli Papua New Guinea (East Sepik) 3 27-DB YIMAS+ TABRIAK chain 27-DBA YIMAS net 27-DBA-a Yimas Arafundi valley Papua New Guinea (East Sepik) 2 27-DBA-aa yimas Yimas Papua New Guinea (East Sepik) 2 2= AUSTRALASIA geosector Observatoire Linguistique Linguasphere Observatory page 191

27-DBB TABRIAK net 27-DBB-a Tabriak Karawari middle valley Papua New Guinea (East Sepik) 3 27-DBB-aa tabriak karawari 2 Amboin-NE. Papua New Guinea (East Sepik) 3 27-DC ANGORAM chain 27-DCA ANGORAM net 27-DCA-a Angoram Sepik lower valley Papua New Guinea (East Sepik) 3 27-DCA-aa angoram pondo "proper", tjimundo, olem Angoram Papua New Guinea (East Sepik) 3 27-E MURIK+ KOPAR set NOR, part of nor+pondo grouping, among the "sepik+ ramu marginal" sets Latin script 27-EA MURIK+ KOPAR chain 27-EAA MURIK net 27-EAA-a Murik Murik coastal lakes Papua New Guinea (East Sepik) 3 27-EAA-aa murik nor "proper" Papua New Guinea (East Sepik) 3 27-EAB KOPAR net 27-EAB-a Kopar Sepik river-mouth Papua New Guinea (East Sepik) 3 27-EAB-aa kopar Papua New Guinea (East Sepik) 3 27-F GAPUN set among the "sepik+ ramu marginal" sets 27-FA GAPUN chain 27-FAA GAPUN net 27-FAA-a Gapun Sepik-S. river-mouth Papua New Guinea (East Sepik) 1 27-FAA-aa gapun Papua New Guinea (East Sepik) 1 27-G AUNALEI+ SETA set WAPEI-WEST, part of torricelli grouping Latin script 27-GA AUNALEI chain 27-GAA AUNALEI net 27-GAA-a Aunalei Kapori… Romei Papua New Guinea (Sandaun) 3 27-GAA-aa aunalei onele, one, oni Papua New Guinea (Sandaun) 3 27-GB SETA+ SETI chain 27-GBA SETA+ SETI net 27-GBA-a Seta Sand upper valley Papua New Guinea (Sandaun) 2 27-GBA-aa seta Papua New Guinea (Sandaun) 2 27-GBA-b Seti Weni upper valley Papua New Guinea (Sandaun) 2 27-GBA-ba seti Papua New Guinea (Sandaun) 2 27-H YIS+MITANG set wapei-E.+ palei; part of torricelli grouping Latin script 27-HA YIS+ GALU chain wapei-E. 27-HAA YIS+ YAU net 27-HAA-a Yis Kernam>N. Papua New Guinea (Sandaun) 3 27-HAA-aa yis Papua New Guinea (Sandaun) 3 27-HAA-b Yau Papua New Guinea (Sandaun) 2 27-HAA-ba yau Papua New Guinea (Sandaun) 2 27-HAB OLO net 27-HAB-a Olo orlei Papua New Guinea (Sandaun) 3 27-HAB-aa payi pay, olo-N. Yalicoi valley Papua New Guinea (Sandaun) 27-HAB-ab wapi wape, olo-S. Torricelli-W. mountains Papua New Guinea (Sandaun) 27-HAC ELKEI net 27-HAC-a Elkei Torricelli-SW. mountains Papua New Guinea (Sandaun) 3 27-HAC-aa elkei olkoi Telotei-E. Papua New Guinea (Sandaun) 3 27-HAD AU net 27-HAD-a Au Yula valley… Yankok Papua New Guinea (Sandaun) 3 27-HAD-aa au Papua New Guinea (Sandaun) 3 27-HAE YIL net 27-HAE-a Yil Torricelli-SW. mountains Papua New Guinea (Sandaun) 3 27-HAE-aa yil Papua New Guinea (Sandaun) 3 27-HAF NINGIL net 27-HAF-a Ningil Torricelli-SW. mountains Papua New Guinea (Sandaun) 2 27-HAF-aa ningil Papua New Guinea (Sandaun) 2 27-HAG GNAU net 27-HAG-a Gnau Yankok-S. Papua New Guinea (Sandaun) 3 27-HAG-aa gnau Papua New Guinea (Sandaun) 3 27-HAH DIA+ SINAGEN net galu, metru 27-HAH-a Dia Torricelli-W. mountains Papua New Guinea (Sandaun) 3 27-HAH-aa dia alu Papua New Guinea (Sandaun) 3 page 192 The Linguasphere Register 1999 / 2000 edition

27-HAH-b Sinagen Torricelli-C. mountains. Papua New Guinea (Sandaun) 2 27-HAH-ba sinagen galu "proper" Papua New Guinea (Sandaun) 2 27-HAI VALMAN net 27-HAI-a Valman Nigia river-mouth Papua New Guinea (Sandaun) 2 27-HAI-aa valman koroko Lemieng… Chinapelli Papua New Guinea (Sandaun) 2 27-HAJ YAPUNDA net 27-HAJ-a Yapunda Torricelli-CS. mountains Papua New Guinea (Sandaun) 1 27-HAJ-aa yapunda reiwo Om upper valley Papua New Guinea (Sandaun) 1 27-HB MITANG+ ALATIL PALEI chain 27-HBA MITANG net 27-HBA-a Mitang Torricelli-CS. mountains Papua New Guinea (Sandaun) 2 27-HBA-aa mitang metan, nambi Papua New Guinea (Sandaun) 2 27-HBB AGI net 27-HBB-a Agi Torricelli-CS. mountains Papua New Guinea (Sandaun) 2 27-HBB-aa agi Boini Papua New Guinea (Sandaun) 2 27-HBC WANAP net 27-HBC-a Wanap Om middle valley Papua New Guinea (Sandaun) 2 27-HBC-aa wanap kayik Wanali Papua New Guinea (Sandaun) 2 27-HBD AIKU net 27-HBD-a Aiku Om upper valley Papua New Guinea (Sandaun) 2 27-HBD-aa aiku minendon, menandon, malek Wemil Papua New Guinea (Sandaun) 2 27-HBE ARUOP net 27-HBE-a Aruop Torricelli-CS. mountains Papua New Guinea (Sandaun) 2 27-HBE-aa aruop lauisaranga, lau'u Papua New Guinea (Sandaun) 2 27-HBF BRAGAT net 27-HBF-a Bragat Torricelli-C. mountains. Papua New Guinea (Sandaun) 2 27-HBF-aa bragat alauagat Papua New Guinea (Sandaun) 2 27-HBG ALATIL net 27-HBG-a Alatil Torricelli-SE. mountains Papua New Guinea (Sandaun) 2 27-HBG-aa alatil aru, eru Papua New Guinea (Sandaun) 2 27-HC URAT chain 27-HCA URAT net 27-HCA-a Urat urakin, wasepnau Papua New Guinea (East Sepik) 3 27-HCA-aa urat-C. Dreikikir Papua New Guinea (East Sepik) 27-HCA-ab urat-E. Emul Papua New Guinea (East Sepik) 27-HCA-ac urat-S. Papua New Guinea (East Sepik) 27-I BELI+ ARINUA set part of torricelli grouping Latin script 27-IA LAEKO+ LIBUAT chain 27-IAA LAEKO+ LIBUAT net 27-IAA-a Laeko+ Libuat Wagasu upper valley Papua New Guinea (Sandaun) 2 27-IAA-aa laeko Papua New Guinea (Sandaun) 27-IAA-ab libuat limbuat Papua New Guinea (Sandaun) 27-IB BELI chain 27-IBA BELI net 27-IBA-a Beli Torricelli-CS. foothills: Mehek>W. Papua New Guinea (Sandaun) 3 27-IBA-aa beli-A. mukili, akuwagel Papua New Guinea (Sandaun) 3 27-IBA-ab makarim* Papua New Guinea (Sandaun) 3 27-IC WIAKI chain 27-ICA WIAKI net 27-ICA-a Wiaki Torricelli-CS. mountains Papua New Guinea (Sandaun) 2 27-ICA-aa wiaki wiakei Papua New Guinea (Sandaun) 2 27-ID SILIPUT chain part of maimai 27-IDA SILIPUT net 27-IDA-a Siliput Makru-Klaplei Papua New Guinea (Sandaun) 2 27-IDA-aa siliput maimai-N., mai, sokorok Papua New Guinea (Sandaun) 2 27-IE ARINUA+ YAHANG RURUHIP, ruruhi'p; part of maimai chain 27-IEA YAHANG net 27-IEA-a Yahang Mehek>W. Papua New Guinea (Sandaun) 3 27-IEA-aa yahang maimai-S., ya'unk Papua New Guinea (Sandaun) 3 2= AUSTRALASIA geosector Observatoire Linguistique Linguasphere Observatory page 193

27-IEB ARINUA net 27-IEB-a Arinua arinwa, arima, wan wan Wan-Wan… Papua New Guinea (Sandaun) 3 27-IEB-aa arinua-A. arinwa, arima Papua New Guinea (Sandaun) 27-IEB-ab lolopani* Papua New Guinea (Sandaun) 27-IEB-ac heyo* Papua New Guinea (Sandaun) 27-J KOMBIO+ MUHIANG part of torricelli grouping Latin script or to be re-classified as 2 or set more sets 27-JA KOMBIO+ LOU chain 27-JAA ARUEK net 27-JAA-a Aruek Dunumor-E. valley Papua New Guinea (Sandaun); 2 (East Sepik) 27-JAA-aa aruek djang Papua New Guinea (Sandaun; 2 East Sepik adjacent) 27-JAB LOU net 27-JAB-a Lou torricelli "proper", anamagi Torricelli-C. mountains Papua New Guinea (Sandaun; 3 East Sepik) 27-JAB-aa lou-W. Maprik Papua New Guinea (Sandaun) 2 27-JAB-ab lou-E. Papua New Guinea (East Sepik) 2 27-JAC EITIEP net 27-JAC-a Eitiep Torricelli-C. mountains Papua New Guinea (Sandaun; 2 East Sepik adjacent) 27-JAC-aa eitiep Papua New Guinea (Sandaun; 2 East Sepik adjacent) 27-JAD KOMBIO net 27-JAD-a Kombio endangen Torricelli-E. mountains Papua New Guinea (East Sepik) 3 27-JAD-aa kombio-N. Papua New Guinea (East Sepik) 27-JAD-ab kombio-C. Papua New Guinea (East Sepik) 27-JAD-ac kombio-S. Ben Papua New Guinea (East Sepik) 27-JAE YAMBES net 27-JAE-a Yambes Torricelli-E. mountains Papua New Guinea (East Sepik) 2 27-JAE-aa yambes-W. Papua New Guinea (East Sepik) 27-JAE-ab yambes-E. Papua New Guinea (East Sepik) 27-JAF WOM net 27-JAF-a Wom wam Torricelli-E. mountains Papua New Guinea (East Sepik; 3 Sandaun) 27-JAF-aa wom-N. Papua New Guinea (East Sepik; Sandaun adjacent) 27-JAF-ab wom-S. wam Papua New Guinea (East Sepik) 27-JB BUMBITA chain part of arapesh 27-JBA BUMBITA net 27-JBA-a Bumbita arapesh-bumbita Torricelli-E. mountains Papua New Guinea (East Sepik) 3 27-JBA-aa bonahoi Papua New Guinea (East Sepik) 27-JBA-ab urita Urita Papua New Guinea (East Sepik) 27-JBA-ac timingir Papua New Guinea (East Sepik) 27-JBA-ad weril Papua New Guinea (East Sepik) 27-JBA-ae werir Papua New Guinea (East Sepik) 27-JC MUHIANG+ BUKIYIP part of arapesh chain 27-JCA MUHIANG+ BUKIYIP net 27-JCA-a Muhiang arapesh-S., muhian, mufian Torricelli-E. mountains… Numalio Papua New Guinea (East Sepik; 4 uppervalley Sandaun adjacent) 27-JCA-aa balif Balif+ Albinama Papua New Guinea (East Sepik) 3 27-JCA-ab supari Supari Papua New Guinea (East Sepik) 3 27-JCA-ac filifita ilahita Ilahita Papua New Guinea (East Sepik) 3 27-JCA-ad balanga Balanga… Ningalimbi Papua New Guinea (East Sepik) 27-JCA-ae iwam iwam+ nagalemb Iwam… Ami… Nagalemb Papua New Guinea (East Sepik) 27-JCA-af womsak Womsak Papua New Guinea (East Sepik) 27-JCA-ag walihiga Walihiga… Dagua Papua New Guinea (East Sepik) 27-JCA-ah nagipeim translingual < [27=] Bukiyip-S. Nagipeim Papua New Guinea (East Sepik) 27-JCA-b Bukiyip bukiyup, kavu; arapesh-C. Torricelli-E. mountains… coast Papua New Guinea (East Sepik; 4 Sandaun) 27-JCA-ba bukiyip-S. "mountain" arapesh Papua New Guinea (East Sepik; 3 Sandaun) 27-JCA-bb bukiyip-N. "coastal" arapesh Matapau… Dagua Papua New Guinea (East Sepik; 3 Sandaun) page 194 The Linguasphere Register 1999 / 2000 edition

27-K URIM set part of torricelli Latin script 27-KA URIM chain 27-KAA URIM net 27-KAA-a Urim Torricelli-E. mountains Papua New Guinea (East Sepik; 3 Sandaun) 27-KAA-aa urim kalp Papua New Guinea (East Sepik; 3 Sandaun) adjacent 27-L MANDI+ BUNA set marienberg; part of torricelli grouping Latin script 27-LA MANDI+ KAMASAU chain 27-LAA MANDI net 27-LAA-a Mandi Cape Moem-SE. coast Papua New Guinea (East Sepik) 2 27-LAA-aa mandi Papua New Guinea (East Sepik) 2 27-LAB BUNGAIN net 27-LAB-a Bungain Forok Papua New Guinea (East Sepik) 3 27-LAB-aa bungain Papua New Guinea (East Sepik) 3 27-LAC MUNIWARA net 27-LAC-a Muniwara Muniwara Papua New Guinea (East Sepik) 2 27-LAC-aa muniwara mambe, tumara, tumaru Papua New Guinea (East Sepik) 2 27-LAD URIMO net 27-LAD-a Urimo Urimo Papua New Guinea (East Sepik) 2 27-LAD-aa urimo-A. Papua New Guinea (East Sepik) 2 27-LAD-ab yaugiba* yauagepa Papua New Guinea (East Sepik) 27-LAE KAMASAU+ YIBAB wand-tan, sagi 2 net 27-LAE-a Paruwa+ Kenyari Paruwa… Kenyari Papua New Guinea (East Sepik) 2 27-LAE-aa paruwa Paruwa Papua New Guinea (East Sepik) 27-LAE-ab kenyari Kenyari Papua New Guinea (East Sepik) 27-LAE-b Kamasau+ Tring Kamasau… Tring… Wau Papua New Guinea (East Sepik) 2 27-LAE-ba kamasau Kamasau Papua New Guinea (East Sepik) 27-LAE-bb tring Tring Papua New Guinea (East Sepik) 27-LAE-bc wau Wau Papua New Guinea (East Sepik) 27-LAE-c Yibab Yibab Papua New Guinea (East Sepik) 2 27-LAE-ca yibab Papua New Guinea (East Sepik) 2 27-LAE-d Wandomi Wandomi Papua New Guinea (East Sepik) 2 27-LAE-da wandomi Papua New Guinea (East Sepik) 2 27-LAF ELEPI net 27-LAF-a Elepi Samap coast Papua New Guinea (East Sepik) 3 27-LAF-aa elepi samap Papua New Guinea (East Sepik) 3 27-LB BUNA+ MASAN chain 27-LBA BUNA+ MASAN net 27-LBA-a Buna+ Masan Murik-S. coastal lakes Papua New Guinea (East Sepik) 3 27-LBA-aa buna-N.* Kasmin… Boig… Waskurin… Arapang Papua New Guinea (East Sepik) 2 27-LBA-ab buna-S. Mausap… Marienberg Papua New Guinea (East Sepik) 2 27-LBA-ac masan Masan… Mangan… Garien Papua New Guinea (East Sepik) 2 27-M MONUMBO+ LILAU part of torricelli grouping Latin script set 27-MA MONUMBO+ LILAU chain 27-MAA MONUMBO+ LILAU net 27-MAA-a Monumbo Bogia>N. coast Papua New Guinea (Madang) 2 27-MAA-aa monumbo Papua New Guinea (Madang) 2 27-MAA-b Lilau Bogia>S. coast Papua New Guinea (Madang) 2 27-MAA-ba lilau ngaimbom Papua New Guinea (Madang) 2 27-N ANEM set part of "new britain" grouping; within "papuan"-E. hypothesis Latin 27-NA ANEM chain 27-NAA ANEM net 27-NAA-a Anem Raoult-SE. cape Papua New Guinea (New Britain) 2 27-NAA-aa anem karaiai Papua New Guinea (West New 2 Britain) 2= AUSTRALASIA geosector Observatoire Linguistique Linguasphere Observatory page 195

27-O WASI set part of "new britain" grouping; within "papuan"-E. hypothesis Latin 27-OA WASI chain 27-OAA WASI net 27-OAA-a Wasi pele+ ata, uase, uasi, uasilau Uasilau Papua New Guinea (West New 3 Britain; East New Britain) 27-OAA-aa pele Papua New Guinea (New Britain) 27-OAA-ab ata Papua New Guinea (New Britain) 27-P KOL+SUI set part of "new britain" grouping; within "papuan"-E. hypothesis Latin 27-PA KOL+SUI chain 27-PAA KOL+SUI net 27-PAA-a Kol+ Sui Papua New Guinea (New Britain) 3 27-PAA-aa sui Open Bay hinterland (East New Britain) 3 27-PAA-ab kol kole, kola, nakgaktai Timono… Orakwi (East New Britain) 3 27-Q SULKA set part of "new britain" grouping; within "papuan"-E. hypothesis Latin 27-QA SULKA chain 27-QAA SULKA net 27-QAA-a Sulka Wide Bay coast Papua New Guinea (New Britain) 3 27-QAA-aa kanakadran Kanakadran (East New Britain) 27-QAA-ab nambling Nambling (East New Britain) 27-R SIMBALI+ MALI set BAINING, part of baining+ taulil grouping within "new britain" grouping; within "papuan"-E. hypothesis Latin script 27-RA SIMBALI+ MALI chain 27-RAA SIMBALI+ MALI net 27-RAA-a Makolkol Gazelle peninsula (neck) Papua New Guinea (New Britain) 1 27-RAA-aa makolkol ¶7 speakers in late 1980's; nearly extinct (East New Britain) 1 27-RAA-b Simbali Gazelle-S. peninsula Papua New Guinea (New Britain) 2 27-RAA-ba simbali asimbali (East New Britain) 2 27-RAA-c Qaqet maqaqet, kakat, makakat, baining Gazelle-W. peninsula Papua New Guinea (New Britain) 3 27-RAA-ca qaqet-S. Pondo (East New Britain) 27-RAA-cb qaqet-N. Lassul (East New Britain) 27-RAA-d Uramat Gazelle-C. peninsula Papua New Guinea (New Britain) 3 27-RAA-da uramat uramit, uramet, uramot, auramot (East New Britain) 3 27-RAA-e Mali+ Gaktai Gazelle-E. peninsula Papua New Guinea (New Britain) 3 27-RAA-ea mali Gazelle-E. peninsula (East New Britain) 27-RAA-eb gaktai Gazelle-E. peninsula (East New Britain) 27-RAA-f Kairak Gazelle-NE. peninsula Papua New Guinea (New Britain) 2 27-RAA-fa kairak Mope+ Tobera (East New Britain) 2 27-S TAULIL+ BUTAM set part of baining+ taulil grouping within "new britain" grouping; within "papuan"-E. hypothesis 27-SA TAULIL+ BUTAM chain 27-SAA TAULIL+ BUTAM net 27-SAA-a Taulil Gazelle-N. peninsula Papua New Guinea (New Britain) 2 27-SAA-aa taulil (East New Britain) 2 27-SAA-b Butam Gazelle-NE. peninsula formerly Papua New Guinea (New 0 Britain) 27-SAA-ba butam ¶extinct (East New Britain) 0 27-T KUOT set part of "new britain" grouping; within "papuan"-E. hypothesis Latin 27-TA KUOT chain 27-TAA KUOT net 27-TAA-a Kuot kuat, panaras Naiamo-W.… Kama-E. coasts Papua New Guinea (New Ireland) 3 27-TAA-aa kul Papua New Guinea (New Ireland) 27-TAA-ab naiyama Naiamo Papua New Guinea (New Ireland) 27-TAA-ac letatan Papua New Guinea (New Ireland) 27-U KUNUA+ EIVO set "bougainville"-W.; part of "bougainville" grouping; within "papuan"-E. hypothesis Latin script 27-UA KUNUA chain 27-UAA KUNUA net 27-UAA-a Kunua Bougainville-NE. island Papua New Guinea (North 3 Solomons) 27-UAA-aa kunua konua, napoisi, rapoisi Kunua-W. coast (North Solomons) 3 27-UB KERIAKA chain 27-UBA KERIAKA net 27-UBA-a Keriaka Bougainville-E. island: Balbi mountain… coast Papua New Guinea (North 3 Solomons) 27-UBA-aa keriaka (North Solomons) 3 page 196 The Linguasphere Register 1999 / 2000 edition

27-UC ROTOKAS chain 27-UCA ROTOKAS net 27-UCA-a Rotokas Bougainville-NE. island: Balbi mountain… coast Papua New Guinea (North 3 Solomons) 27-UCA-aa pipipaia (North Solomons) 27-UCA-ab aita (North Solomons) 27-UCA-ac atsilima (North Solomons) 2 27-UD EIVO chain 27-UDA EIVO net 27-UDA-a Eivo Bougainville-C. island Papua New Guinea (North 3 Solomons) 27-UDA-aa eivo Vito-SW. (North Solomons) 3 27-V BUIN+ NASIOI set "bougainville"-E.; part of "bougainville" grouping; within "papuan"-E. hypothesis Latin script 27-VA NASIOI+ NAGOVISI chain 27-VAA NASIOI+ SIMEKU net 27-VAA-a Simeku Bougainville-SE. island Papua New Guinea (North 3 Solomons) 27-VAA-aa mainoki mainoke Bougainville-SE. western slope (North Solomons) 3 27-VAA-ab koopei kopei Bougainville-SE. eastern slope (North Solomons) 2 27-VAA-b Nasioi+ Orami aunge, in Tok Pisin: kieta-tok, "kieta-talk" Bougainville-SE. island Papua New Guinea (North 4 Solomons) 27-VAA-ba nasioi-A. naasioi Kieta (North Solomons) 27-VAA-bb kongara (North Solomons) 27-VAA-bc orami guava (North Solomons) 27-VAA-bd pakia+ sideronsi (North Solomons) 27-VAB OUNE+ DAPERA net 27-VAB-a Oune+ Dapera Bougainville-SE. mountains… coast Papua New Guinea (North 3 Solomons) 27-VAB-aa oune ounge (North Solomons) 27-VAB-ab dapera (North Solomons)) 27-VAC LANTANAI net 27-VAC-a Lantanai Bougainville-SE. island Papua New Guinea (North 2 Solomons) 27-VAC-aa lantanai Piruneu (North Solomons) 2 27-VAD KOROMIRA+ KOIANU net 27-VAD-a Koromira Bougainville-SE. island Papua New Guinea (North 3 Solomons) 27-VAD-aa koromira (North Solomons) 3 27-VAD-b Koianu Bougainville-SE. island Papua New Guinea (North 2 Solomons) 27-VAD-ba koianu (North Solomons) 2 27-VAE NAGOVISI net 27-VAE-a Nagovisi Bougainville-SW. island Papua New Guinea (North 3 Solomons) 27-VAE-aa nagovisi sibbe, nagovis (North Solomons) 3 27-VB SIWAI+ BAITSI chain 27-VBA SIWAI+ BAITSI net 27-VBA-a Siwai+ Baitsi motuna Bougainville-SW. island Papua New Guinea (North 3 Solomons) 27-VBA-aa siwai motuna (North Solomons) 3 27-VBA-ab baitsi sigisigero (North Solomons) 2 27-VC BUIN+ UISAI chain 27-VCA UISAI net 27-VCA-a Uisai Bougainville-SW. island Papua New Guinea (North 3 Solomons) 27-VCA-aa uisai Takuam-S. mountain (North Solomons) 3 27-VCB BUIN+ TELEI net 27-VCB-a Buin+Telei Bougainville-SW. island Papua New Guinea (North 4 Solomons) 27-VCB-aa buin Buin (North Solomons) 27-VCB-ab rugara (North Solomons) 27-VCB-ac telei terei (North Solomons) 2= AUSTRALASIA geosector Observatoire Linguistique Linguasphere Observatory page 197

27-W YELE set part of yele+ solomons grouping; within "papuan"-E. hypothesis Latin script 27-WA YELE chain 27-WAA YELE net 27-WAA-a Yele yelejong, rossel, yela, yeletnye Rossel island Papua New Guinea (Milne Bay) 3 27-WAA-aa daminyu Papua New Guinea (Milne Bay) 27-WAA-ab bou Papua New Guinea (Milne Bay) 27-WAA-ac wulanga Papua New Guinea (Milne Bay) 27-WAA-ad jinjo Papua New Guinea (Milne Bay) 27-WAA-ae abaletti Papua New Guinea (Milne Bay) 27-WAA-af jaru Papua New Guinea (Milne Bay) 27-X BILUA+ SAVO set solomons-C.; part of yele+ solomons grouping; within "papuan"-E. hypothesis Latin script 27-XA BILUA chain 27-XAA BILUA net 27-XAA-a Bilua mbilua Vella Lavella… Mbava… Gizo-NE. islands Solomon Islands (Western) 4 27-XAA-aa vella-lavella Vella Lavella island Solomon Islands (Western) 27-XAA-ab mbava Mbava island Solomon Islands (Western) 27-XAA-ac gizo-NE. Gizo-NE. island Solomon Islands (Western) 27-XB BANIATA chain 27-XBA BANIATA net 27-XBA-a Baniata Rendova-S. island Solomon Islands (Western) 2 27-XBA-aa baniata mbaniata, lokuru Solomon Islands (Western) 2 27-XC LAVUKALEVE chain 27-XCA LAVUKALEVE net 27-XCA-a Lavukaleve Russell islands Solomon Islands 2 27-XCA-aa lavukaleve laube, laumbe Solomon Islands 2 27-XD SAVO chain 27-XDA SAVO net 27-XDA-a Savo Savo island formerly Solomon Islands 2 27-XDA-aa savo savosavo Solomon Islands 2 27-Y KAZUKURU set part of yele+ solomons grouping; within "papuan"-E. hypothesis X 27-YA KAZUKURU chain X 27-YAA KAZUKURU net X 27-YAA-a Kazukuru New Georgia-NW. island Solomon Islands 0 27-YAA-aa kazukuru-A. Solomon Islands 0 27-YAA-ab dororo* doriri Solomon Islands 0 27-YAA-ac guliguli* gulili Solomon Islands 0 27-Z AYIWO+ NEA set "reef-islands"+ santa cruz; within "papuan"-E. hypothesis Latin script 27-ZA AYIWO chain "reef-islands", "reefs" 27-ZAA AYIWO net 27-ZAA-a Ayiwo influence < languages in 39=Transpacific phylozone Reef islands Solomon Islands 3 27-ZAA-aa ayiwo aïwo, gnivo, nivo, nifilole, lomlom Solomon Islands 3 27-ZB NEA+ NANGGU santa-cruz chain 27-ZBA LÖNDÄI net 27-ZBA-a Löndäi nambakaengö Santa Cruz islands Solomon Islands 3 27-ZBA-aa löndäi Solomon Islands 3 27-ZBB NEA net 27-ZBB-a Nea Santa Cruz islands Solomon Islands 3 27-ZBB-aa natügu Solomon Islands 27-ZBB-ab nendö Solomon Islands 27-ZBB-ac ndeni deni Solomon Islands 27-ZBB-ad te-motu Solomon Islands 27-ZBB-ae nemboi nea-W. Solomon Islands 2 27-ZBB-af nooli nea-E. Solomon Islands 2 27-ZBB-ag lvova lwowa Solomon Islands 27-ZBB-ah mbanua Solomon Islands 27-ZBC NANGGU net 27-ZBC-a Nanggu Santa Cruz islands Solomon Islands 2 27-ZBC-aa nanggu Solomon Islands 2 page 198 The Linguasphere Register 1999 / 2000 edition

Australia 3 28= NORTH- covers the "North-Australia" reference area (within the (Northern Territory =N.T.; AUSTRALIA "Australian" hypothesis); comprising 21 sets of languages (85 Western Australia =W.A.; outer languages) spoken or formerly spoken by hunter- Queensland) geozone gatherer communities (or descendants of former hunter- gatherers) across the far-north of Australia: 28-A BAADI+ YAWURU 28-B BUNABA+ GUNIANDI 28-C WORORA+ NGARINYIN 28-D KITJA+ MIRIWUNG 28-E DJAMINDJUNG+ NUNGALI 28-F MURRINHPATHA+ NANGIOMERI* 28-G KUNGARAKANY 28-H LARAGIA+ WULNA 28-I TIWI 28-J UMBUGARLA+ BUGUNIDJA* 28-K GAGADU 28-L ERRE+ MANGERR 28-M IWAIDJA+ AMARAG 28-N DJEEBBANA+ GUJINGALIA 28-O WAGEMAN+ GUNWINGGU 28-P ANINDILYAKWA 28-Q ALAWA+ GARYIMAR 28-R YANYUWA 28-S JINGILI+ WAMBAYA 28-T GARAWA+ WANJI 28-U MINGIN Only 14 among 298 surviving outer-languages in zones 28= and 29= (marked ) are likely to have totalled 1,000 or more voices each in 1999: see note under geozone 29=.

28-A BAADI+ YAWURU set NYULNYULAN majority of speakers in most or all surviving communities of this set are bilingual, with primary fluency – especially among younger speakers - in [52=] Australian creole and/or English 28-AA BAADI+ YAWURU chain 28-AAA YAWURU net 28-AAA-a Yawuru Elliot lake Australia (W.A.) 1* 28-AAA-aa yawuru jauor, yauor, yauera, djauor Broome>SE. ¶perhaps extinct Australia (W.A.) 28-AAB BAADI+ DYUGUN net 28-AAB-a Dyugun Broome>N. Australia (W.A.) 1 28-AAB-aa dyugun dyuezun, jukun Australia (W.A.) 1 28-AAB-b Dyaberdyaber Beagle Bay-S. coast Australia (W.A.) 1 28-AAB-ba dyaberdyaber djaberadjaber Australia (W.A.) 1 28-AAB-c Nyulnyul Beagle Bay coast Australia (W.A.) 1 28-AAB-ca nyulnyul Australia (W.A.) 1 28-AAB-d Baadi Beagle Bay-N. coast Australia (W.A.) 2 28-AAB-da baadi-A. bard, bardi Australia (W.A.) 2 28-AAB-db lombadina* Australia (W.A.) 28-AAB-e Djawi King Sound+ Brunswick Bay islands Australia (W.A.) 1 28-AAB-ea djawi Australia (W.A.) 1 28-AAB-f Nimanbur King Sound bay Australia (W.A.) 1 28-AAB-fa nimanbur ninambur Australia (W.A.) 1 28-AAC WARWA net 28-AAC-a Warwa Australia (W.A.) 1* 28-AAC-aa warwa warrawai ¶perhaps extinct Australia (W.A.) 28-AAD NYIGINA net 28-AAD-a Nyigina Australia (W.A.) 1 28-AAD-aa nyigina nyikina, negena ¶near extinction 1 28-B BUNABA+ GUNIANDI BUNABAN majority of speakers are bilingual, with primary fluency in set [52=] Australian creole and/or English 28-BA BUNABA+ GUNIANDI chain 28-BAA BUNABA+ GUNIANDI net 28-BAA-a Guniandi Margaret River valley Australia (W.A.) 1 28-BAA-aa guniandi gooniyandi, gunian, kunian, kuniyan, guniyan, guniyn, kunan, Australia (W.A.) 1 koneyandi, konejandi Fitzroy Crossing>E. 28-BAA-b Bunaba Hann… Fitzroy valleys Australia (W.A.) 1 28-BAA-ba bunaba punapa, bunuba Fitzroy Crossing>NE. Australia (W.A.) 1 28-C WORORA+ WORORAN majority of speakers are bilingual, with primary fluency in NGARINYIN set [52=] Australian creole and/or English 28-CA WORORA+ NGARINYIN chain 28-CAA WORORA+ UNGGUMI net 28-CAA-a Worora "wororic" Collier bay… Prince Regent valley Australia (W.A.) 2 28-CAA-aa worora worrorra, wurara Australia (W.A.) 2 2= AUSTRALASIA geosector Observatoire Linguistique Linguasphere Observatory page 199

28-CAA-b Unggumi Kimberley-NE. plateau Australia (W.A.) 2* 28-CAA-ba unggumi wongkami, wongkomi Australia (W.A.) 28-CAB WUNAMBAL+ MIWA WUNAMBALIC net 28-CAB-a Wunambal Prince Regent valley… Kalumburu Australia (W.A.) 1 28-CAB-aa wunambal unambal, wumnabal, wunambullu, yeidji, yeithi, jeidji, jeithi #yeidji, Australia (W.A.) 1 yeithi (etc.) =«speech » 28-CAB-b Gambera Admiralty Gulf bay Australia (W.A.) 1 28-CAB-ba gambera gambre, gamgre, guwan, kambera Australia (W.A.) 1 28-CAB-c Kunan Kalumburu Australia (W.A.) 1* 28-CAB-ca kunan kwini, gwini, gwiini, cuini, gunin, goonan Australia (W.A.) 28-CAB-d Miwa Drysdale valley Australia (W.A.) 1 28-CAB-da miwa bagu, baagu, pela Australia (W.A.) 28-CAC NGARINYIN+ UNGARINYINIC WILAWILA net 28-CAC-a Wilawila Kimberley-N. plateau Australia (W.A.) 1 28-CAC-aa wilawila wila-wila Australia (W.A.) 1 28-CAC-b Wolyamidi Durack… Kind lower valleys Australia (W.A.) 1* 28-CAC-ba wolyamidi woljamidi, yamandil Australia (W.A.) 28-CAC-c Ngarinyin Kimberley-C. plateau Australia (W.A.) 1 28-CAC-ca ngarinyin ungarinyin, ungarinjin Australia (W.A.) 1 28-CAC-d Guwidj Barnett mountain Australia (W.A.) 1* 28-CAC-da guwidj guidj Australia (W.A.) 28-D KITJA+ MIRIWUNG DJERAGAN majority of speakers in most or all communities of this set set are bilingual, with primary fluency – especially among younger speakers - in [52=] Australian creole and/or English 28-DA KITJA+ MIRIWUNG chain 28-DAA KITJA+ GULUWARIN KITJIC 28-DAA-a Kitja+ Lungga Hall's Creek… Turkey Creek Australia (W.A.) 2 28-DAA-aa kitja kitja "proper", kija, gidja, kidja Australia (W.A.) 2 28-DAA-ab lungga loonga, lunga, lungar Durack Range mountains Australia (W.A.) 28-DAA-b Guluwarin Durack Range mountains… Ord lower valley Australia (W.A.) 1* 28-DAA-ba guluwarin ¶perhaps extinct Australia (W.A.) 28-DAB MIRIWUNG+ MIRIWUNGIC GADJERAWANG net 28-DAB-a Miriwung Durack Range mountains Australia (W.A.) 1 28-DAB-aa miriwung mirung, merong, miriwun, miriwoong, djerag ¶nearly extinct Australia (W.A.) 1 28-DAB-b Gadjerawang Victoria River-W. valley ¶perhaps extinct (only 3 speakers in 1970's) Australia (N.T.; W.A.) 1* 28-DAB-ba gadjerawang gadjerong, kajirrawung, kadjeroen, kadjerong Australia (N.T.; W.A.) 28-E DJAMINDJUNG+ DJAMINDJUNGAN majority of speakers in communities of this set NUNGALI set are plurilingual, in [29=] Ngarinman & with primary fluency – especially among younger speakers - in [52=] Australian creole and/or English 28-EA DJAMINDJUNG+ NUNGALI chain 28-EAA DJAMINDJUNG+ NUNGALI net 28-EAA-a Djamindjung Victoria valley Australia (N.T.) 1 28-EAA-aa djamindjung-A. jaminjung Victoria lower valley Australia (N.T.) 1 28-EAA-ab ngaliwuru ngaliwerra Victoria upper valleys Australia (N.T.) 28-EAA-b Nungali Fitzmaurice… Daly upper valleys Australia (N.T.) 1 28-EAA-ba nungali nunguli 1 28-F MURRINHPATHA+ DALY-RIVER majority of speakers in most or all surviving NANGIOMERI* set communities are bilingual, with primary fluency – especially among younger speakers - in [52=] Australian creole and/or English 28-FA MURRINHPATHA+ GARAMA chain 28-FAA MURRINHPATHA net 28-FAA-a Murrinhpatha+ Port Keats Australia (N.T.) 3* Murrinhdiminin 28-FAA-aa murrinh-patha patha, murin-bada, murin-bata Australia (N.T.) 28-FAA-ab murrinh-kura kura Australia (N.T.) 28-FAA-ac murrinh-diminin diminin Australia (N.T.) 28-FAB GARAMA* net 28-FAB-a Garama Daly upper valley Australia (N.T.) 1 28-FAB-aa garama Katherine-SW.… displaced to Delissatown Australia (N.T.) 1 page 200 The Linguasphere Register 1999 / 2000 edition

28-FB MARIMANINDJI+ 'bringen'+ wagaydy WADJIGINY chain 28-FBA MARIMANINDJI net "wider" 'bringen' 28-FBA-a Marimanindji Daly valley>S. Australia (N.T.) 1 28-FBA-aa mari-manindji manindji, mara-marandji, mara-manandji, mari-manindu, murin- Australia (N.T.) 1 manindji Muldiva upper valley-W. 28-FBA-b Marithiel Daly-C. valley.… displaced to Roper River Australia (N.T.) 1 28-FBA-ba mari-thiel-A. thiel, maridhiyel, marithiyel, marrithiyel, maridhiel, 'bringen', 'brinken', Australia (N.T.) 1 'berinken', 'berringen' #bringen =«stranger, bushman» 28-FBA-bb nganygit Australia (N.T.) 28-FBA-bc mare-ammu ammu Australia (N.T.) 28-FBA-c Magadige Anson Bay hinterland Australia (N.T.) 1 28-FBA-ca maga-dige dige Australia (N.T.) 1 28-FBA-d Maridjabin Anson Bay hinterland: Darwin>SW. Australia (N.T.) 1 28-FBA-da mari-djabin djabin, mare-tyabin, mari-dyerbin, mare-dyerbin Australia (N.T.) 1 28-FBA-e Maringarr+ Moyle-S. valley Australia (N.T.) 1 Maranunggu 28-FBA-ea mari-ngarr ngarr, marenggar, maringa Moyle-S. valley Australia (N.T.) 1 28-FBA-eb mara-nunggu* nunngu, marranunga, maramanunggu Anson Bay hinterland Australia (N.T.) 28-FBA-f Maridan Moyle-N. valley Australia (N.T.) 1 28-FBA-fa mari-dan dan, meradan Australia (N.T.) 1 28-FBA-g Mariyedi Anson hinterland Australia (N.T.) 1 28-FBA-ga mari-yedi yedi Australia (N.T.) 1 28-FBB WADJIGINY+ GIYUG* WAGAYDY net 28-FBB-a Wadjiginy+ Ami Peron island… Finniss valley ¶nearly extinct Australia (N.T.) 1 28-FBB-aa wadjiginy djiginy, wogait, wogaity, wagaydy Peron island… Finniss valley Australia (N.T.) 28-FBB-ab kuwama pungupungu, pungupunga Muldiva river-mouth Australia (N.T.) 1 28-FBB-ac ami ame, amijangal Anson bay Australia (N.T.) 1 28-FBB-ad manda Anson-SW. bay Australia (N.T.) 1 28-FBB-b Giyug* Peron island Australia (N.T.) 0 28-FBB-ba giyug giuk ¶extinct Australia (N.T.) 0 28-FC NANGIOMERI+ MOIL TYEMERI chain 28-FCA NANGIOMERI+ bilingual < [52=] Australian creole and/or English TYEMERI net 28-FCA-a Nangiomeri+ Tyemeri Moyle… Flora valleys Australia (N.T.) 2 28-FCA-aa nangio-meri ngenkiwu-merri, nangumiri, angomerry, nangimera, ngangomori, Australia (N.T.) 2 ngenomeri, ngengomeri, marewumiri, mariwumeri, perhaps including ngan'gitjemerri Flora+ Daly confluence… displaced to Daly River Station+ Tipperary Station 28-FCA-ab nangi-kurrunggurr ngenkikurrunggur, ngangikarangurr, ngankikurrunkurr, Australia (N.T.) 2 nangikurunggurr Flora+ Daly confluence 28-FCA-ac tye-meri moil "proper" Moyle valley… displaced to Bathurst Island Station+ Australia (N.T.) 1 Tipperary Station 28-FD MALAG+ MADNGELE chain 28-FDA MALAG+ MADNGELE DALY, malag-malag net 28-FDA-a Madngele Daly valley Australia (N.T.) 1 28-FDA-aa madngele-A. matngala, warat, madngela, maangella, mandella, muttangulla Daly- Australia (N.T.) 1 S. valley: Muldiva-W. valley 28-FDA-ab yunggor junggor, yungor Daly lower valley: Hermit Hill ¶extinct Australia (N.T.) 0 28-FDA-ac kamu gamor Daly-E. valley Australia (N.T.) 1 28-FDA-b Malag Daly valley Australia (N.T.) 1 28-FDA-ba malag-malag mullukmulluk, malakmalak, ngolak-wonga, ngulu-wongga Daly-N. Australia (N.T.) 1 valley 28-FDA-bb tyaraity dyeraidy, daktjerat, tjerait, djeradj Reynold river-mouth Australia (N.T.) 1 28-G KUNGARAKANY set "gungaraganyan" X 28-GA KUNGARAKANY X chain 28-GAA KUNGARAKANY net X 28-GAA-a Kungarakany Finniss valley Australia (N.T.) 0 28-GAA-aa kungarakany gungaragan, gungaragany, gunerakan, kangarraga, kungarakan Australia (N.T.) 0 Darwin>S.: Darwin river… Rum Jungle ¶extinct; last speaker died in 1989 2= AUSTRALASIA geosector Observatoire Linguistique Linguasphere Observatory page 201

28-H LARAGIA+ WULNA LARAGIYAN X set 28-HA WULNA chain X 28-HAA WULNA net X 28-HAA-a Wulna Adelaide river-mouth right-bank Australia (N.T.) 0* 28-HAA-aa wulna oola-wunga, wolna, wia-william ¶extinct Australia (N.T.) 28-HB LARAGIA chain 28-HBA LARAGIA net 28-HBA-a Laragia Darwin>E. bilingual < [52=] English Australia (N.T.) 1 28-HBA-aa laragia larakia, larakiya, laragiya, woolsoongah Australia (N.T.) 1 28-I TIWI set TIWIAN 28-IA TIWI chain 28-IAA TIWI net 28-IAA-a Tiwi Bathurst+ Melville islands: Nguiu… speakers are bilingual, with Australia (N.T.) 3 primary fluency – especially among younger speakers - in [52=] English 28-IAA-aa tiwi nguiu, ngiu, wunguk, wunuk, yeimbi Australia (N.T.) 3 28-J UMBUGARLA+ ADELEIDE-RIVERS a notional set (and chain), comprising a BUGUNIDJA* geographic cluster of unclassified or uncertainly classified languages in notional set Northern Arnhem Land majority of speakers in most or all surviving communities within this notional set are bilingual, with primary fluency – especially among younger speakers - in [52=] Australian creole and/or English 28-JA UMBUGARLA+ BUGUNIDJA chain 28-JAA LIMILNGAN* net 28-JAA-a Limilngan-A. Mary lower valley… West Alligator Australia (N.T.) 1* 28-JAA-aa limilngan-A. limilngan "proper", lemil, norweilimil ¶perhaps extinct Australia (N.T.) 28-JAA-b Buneidja* South Alligator… Jimjim headwaters Australia (N.T.) 0* 28-JAA-ba buneidja banidja, minitji, minnitji, manadja, peneitja, punaka ¶extinct Australia (N.T.) 28-JAB UMBUGARLA* net 28-JAB-a Umbugarla Mary upper valley… South Alligator valley Australia (N.T.) 1 28-JAB-aa umbugarla mbakarla ¶nearly extinct Australia (N.T.) 1 28-JAC NGURMBUR* net 28-JAC-a Ngurmbur West Alligator… South Alligator valleys Australia (N.T.) 1 28-JAC-aa ngurmbur ngormbur, gnormbur, gnumbu, koarnbut, ngumbur, oormbur ¶nearly Australia (N.T.) 1 extinct 28-JAD BUGUNIDJA* net 28-JAD-a Bugunidja South Alligator… Jimjim headwaters 1 28-JAD-aa bugunidja bugongidja ¶nearly extinct Australia (N.T.) 1 28-JAE NGARDUK* net 28-JAE-a Ngarduk Field island… West Alligator+ South Alligator river-mouths Australia (N.T.) 1 28-JAE-aa ngarduk ngardog ¶nearly extinct Australia (N.T.) 1 28-K GAGADU set "gagudjuan" X 28-KA GAGADU chain X 28-KAA GAGADU net X 28-KAA-a Gagadu South Alligator… East Alligator valleys Australia (N.T.) 0 28-KAA-aa gagadu gagudju, kakdjuan, kakdju, kakadu, abdedal, abiddul, kakakta Australia (N.T.) 0 ¶extinct 28-L ERRE+ MANGERR MANGERRIAN set 28-LA ERRE+ MANGERR chain 28-LAA ERRE+ MANGERR net 28-LAA-a Ere+ Urningangg "urninganggic" East Alligator valley Australia (N.T.) 1 28-LAA-aa erre ere, ari East Alligator lower valley (Oenpelli>W. ): Red Lily… ¶last Australia (N.T.) 0* speaker alive around 1980 28-LAA-ab urningangg uningangk, wuningak East Alligator upper valley ¶a few speakers Australia (N.T.) 1 alive around 1980 bilingual < [52=] Australian creole and/or English 28-LAA-b Mangerr mengerrdji, mangerei, mennagi, mangeri East Alligator lower valley Australia (N.T.) 0* 28-LAA-ba mangerr mengerrdji, mangerei, mennagi, mangeri Oenpelli environs ¶last Australia (N.T.) 0 speaker alive around 1980 page 202 The Linguasphere Register 1999 / 2000 edition

28-M IWAIDJA+ AMARAG YIWAIDJAN majority of speakers in most or all communities of this set set are bilingual, with primary fluency – especially among younger speakers - in [52=] Australian creole and/or English 28-MA AMARAG chain "amaragic" 28-MAA AMARAG net 28-MAA-a Amarag "amaragic" Cooper's Creek valley Australia (N.T.) 1* 28-MAA-aa amarag amadak, mamurug, monobar, wureidbug, amurag, ngamurag, umonju, Australia (N.T.) 1* umoriu Oenpelli>N.: Goulburn island ¶a few elderly alternate language speakers before 1980; perhaps now extinct 28-MB IWAIDJA+ MAUNG "yiwaidjic" chain 28-MBA MAUNG net 28-MBA-a Maung Goulbourn island… Arnhem Land-N. coast Australia (N.T.) 2 28-MBA-aa maung gunmarung, managari, mau, marung, men-ngai Australia (N.T.) 2 28-MBB IWAIDJA+ GARIG net 28-MBB-a Iwaidja+ Garig Cobourg peninsula… Croker island Australia (N.T.) 2 28-MBB-aa iwaidja iwaidji, yiwaidja, ibadjo, eiwaja, jiwadja, limba-karadjee, unalla, Australia (N.T.) 2 yiwadja, uwaidja, idjduwa Cobourg peninsula… Croker island 28-MBB-ab oidbi* heutbi, oitbi Australia (N.T.) 28-MBB-ac bijnalumbo* Australia (N.T.) 28-MBB-ad garig garik, gari, manduwid, ngadalwuli Cobourg peninsula Australia (N.T.) 1 28-MC MARGU chain 28-MCA MARGU net 28-MCA-a Margu Croker island Australia (N.T.)` 1 28-MCA-aa margu ajokoot, jaako, terutong, yaako, yako ¶nearly extinct Australia (N.T.) 1 28-N DJEEBBANA+ BURARRAN majority of speakers in most or all communities in this GUJINGALIA set set are bilingual, with primary fluency – especially among younger speakers - in [52=] Australian creole and/or English 28-NA DJEEBBANA chain 28-NAA DJEEBBANA net 28-NAA-a Djeebbana Liverpool-E. river-mouth Australia (N.T.) 2 28-NAA-aa n-djeebbana ndjebbana, djapena, gidja, gidiya, jibidji, witchi, -navidji, gunavidji Australia (N.T.) 2 community, including: behribmej Maningrida 28-NB NAKARA chain 28-NBA NAKARA net 28-NBA-a Nakara Boucaut bay Australia (N.T.) 1 28-NBA-aa nakara kokori, nagara, nakkara ¶nearly extinct Australia (N.T.) 1 28-NC GUJINGALIA+ GURAGONE chain 28-NCA GUJINGALIA net 28-NCA-a Gujingalia jingalia #gu-jingalia=«that of the language» Boucaut-S. bay Australia (N.T.) 2 28-NCA-aa burarra burada, bureda, burera, barera, bawera, jikai, tchikai Maningrida Australia (N.T.) 28-NCA-ab gu-naidbe naidbe, gunardba, kun-nartpi, kun-nardi, an-padi, anbarda, gu'adba, Australia (N.T.) mugali #an-padi =«river-mouth» Cadell… Blyth river-mouth 28-NCA-ac gu-djalavia djalavia, ku-jarlapiyi, gujalabiya Australia (N.T.) 28-NCB GURAGONE net 28-NCB-a Guragone Mann valley Australia (N.T.) 1 28-NCB-aa gu-ragone ragone, gurrogone, gorogone, gun-guragone, gungorogone, Australia (N.T.) 1 gunagoragone, gutjertabia ¶nearly extinct 28-O WAGEMAN+ GUNWINGGUAN majority of speakers in most or all surviving GUNWINGGU set communities in this set are bilingual, with primary fluency – especially among younger speakers - in [52=] Australian creole and/or English 28-OA WARAY chain "warayan" perhaps to be classified as a separate set 28-OAA WARAY net 28-OAA-a Waray Adelaide upper valley Australia (N.T.) 1 28-OAA-aa waray warrai, arwur, awarai, awarra ¶4 speakers around 1980 Australia (N.T.) 1 28-OB WAGEMAN+ YANGMANIC WARDAMAN chain 28-OBA WAGEMAN net 28-OBA-a Wageman Pine Creek-S. Australia (N.T.) 1 28-OBA-aa wage-man wogeman, wagiman, wagaman Australia (N.T.) 1 2= AUSTRALASIA geosector Observatoire Linguistique Linguasphere Observatory page 203

28-OBB YANGMAN+ nolgin DAGOMAN net 28-OBB-a Yangman+ Dagoman Daly… Katherine valleys Australia (N.T.) 1 28-OBB-aa dago-man tagoman, dogeman Daly… Katherine valleys Australia (N.T.) 28-OBB-ab yang-man jungman, yungmun, yungmunni, jongman, nolgin Elsey Creek… Australia (N.T.) 1 Katherine 28-OBC WARDAMAN net 28-OBC-a Wardaman Daly upper valley Australia (N.T.) 1 28-OBC-aa warda-man wadaman, waderman, waduman, warda'man, warduman, wartaman, Australia (N.T.) 1 wardman, wordaman, yibwan, yibiwan 28-OC DJAUAN chain "djauanic" 28-OCA DJAUAN net 28-OCA-a Djauan Katherine>NE. Australia (N.T.) 1 28-OCA-aa djauan jawan, adowen, kumertuo, jawony Australia (N.T.) 1 28-OD GUNWINGGU+ "gunwinggic" KUNBARLANG* chain 28-ODA BOUN+ NGALKBUN bi net 28-ODA-a Boun Phelp… Rose… Hart headwaters Australia (N.T.) 1* 28-ODA-aa boun bouin, buin, buan, buwan Australia (N.T.) 28-ODA-b Ngalkbun+ Ngalagan nalabon, bigur Elsey… Roper River Australia (N.T.) 2 28-ODA-ba ngalk-bun ngalkbon, ngalabon, ngalgbon, njalkpon Australia (N.T.) 2 28-ODA-bb dala-bon Australia (N.T.) 28-ODA-bc ngala-gan ngalakan, ngalangan, nullakun, nullikan, nullikin, hongalla Roper Australia (N.T.) River-S. 28-ODA-bd gundang-bon dangbon Australia (N.T.) 28-ODB GUNWINGGU net 28-ODB-a Gunwinggu gunwinghu, gunwingo, gunawitji, kunwinjku, "binin" Australia (N.T.) 2 28-ODB-aa gumadir goomadeer Goomadeer upper valley… displaced to Oenpelli Australia (N.T.) 28-ODB-ab muralid-ban Liverpool valley Australia (N.T.) 28-ODB-ac gunei Australia (N.T.) 28-ODB-ad gundjeipme Australia (N.T.) 28-ODB-ae maiali mayali, naiali, gunmawurrk Tomlinson Creek… displaced to Australia (N.T.) Maningrida 28-ODC KUNBARLANG net 28-ODC-a Kunbarlang Liverpool-W. river-mouth Australia (N.T.) 1 28-ODC-aa kunbarlang gunbalang, walang, warlang, gungalang, "gidimarg" Maningrida Australia (N.T.) 1 coast… Croker+ Goulbourn islands 28-OE REMBARUNGA chain "rembargic" 28-OEA REMBARUNGA net 28-OEA-a Rembarunga Mann valley… Cadell+ Wilton headwaters Australia (N.T.) 2 28-OEA-aa rembarunga rembarranga, rembarrnga, rainbargo, rembarn-ngu, ranjbarngu Australia (N.T.) 2 displaced to Roper River… Maningrida… Minoru… Mountain Valley 28-OF MANGARAYI chain "mangarayic" 28-OFA MANGARAYI net 28-OFA-a Mangarayi Roper middle+ H. valley Australia (N.T.) 1 28-OFA-aa mangarayi mungerry, mangarai, manggarai, mungarai Mataranka…Elsey Station Australia (N.T.) 1 28-OG NGANDI chain "ngandic" 28-OGA NGANDI net 28-OGA-a Ngandi Wilton upper valley Australia (N.T.) 1 28-OGA-aa ngandi nagandji Australia (N.T.) 1 28-OH NUNGGUBUYU chain "nunggubuan" 28-OHA NUNGGUBUYU net 28-OHA-a Nunggubuyu Rose valley Australia (N.T.) 2 28-OHA-aa nunggubuyu nunggubuju displaced to Rose River Mission… Bickerton island Australia (N.T.) 2 28-P ANINDILYAKWA set 28-PA ANINDILYAKWA chain 28-PAA ANINDILYAKWA net 28-PAA-a Anindilyakwa Groote Eylandt island… Rose River Mission majority of speakers are Australia (N.T.) 3 bilingual, with primary fluency – especially among younger speakers - in [52=] English 28-PAA-aa anindilyakwa andiljangwa, andilyaugwa, enindiljaugwa, ingura, wanindilyaugwa, Australia (N.T.) 3 enindhilyagwa, "groote-eylandt" Groote Eylandt island page 204 The Linguasphere Register 1999 / 2000 edition

28-Q ALAWA+ GARYIMAR majority of speakers of languages in this set are bilingual, with primary set fluency – especially among younger speakers - in [52=] Australian creole and/or English 28-QA ALAWA chain "maran" 28-QAA ALAWA net 28-QAA-a Alawa Roper River… Hodgson Downs Australia (N.T.) 1 28-QAA-aa alawa kalawa, allaua, allowiri, kallana, leealowa Australia (N.T.) 1 28-QB GARYIMAR+ X WANDARANG chain 28-QBA WANDARANG net X 28-QBA-a Wandarang Roper river… Australia (N.T.) 0 28-QBA-aa wandarang wandaran, warndarang, 'nawariyi' ¶extinct submerged < [52=] Australia (N.T.) 0 Australian creole 28-QBB GARIYIMAR net 28-QBB-a Gariyimar Roper river… Australia (N.T.) 1 28-QBB-aa mara leelalwarra, leelawarra, mala, marra Roper… Rose valleys Australia (N.T.) 1 28-QBB-ab jugul yookala, yukul Urapunga Australia (N.T.) 1 28-R YANYUWA set 28-RA YANYUWA chain 28-RAA YANYUWA net 28-RAA-a Yanyuwa Borroloola… Doomadgee Mission Australia (N.T.; Queensland) 1 28-RAA-aa yanyuwa yanyula, janjula, anyula, wadiri, yanula, aniula, anula, leeanuwa Australia (N.T.; Queensland) 1 28-S JINGILI+ WAMBAYA set 28-SA JINGILI chain 28-SAA JINGILI net 28-SAA-a Jingili Ashburton Range massif Australia (N.T.) 1 28-SAA-aa jingili djingili, jingali, tjingilu, chingalee, djingila, lee, chunguloo, tchingalee, Australia (N.T.) 1 jingulu Newcastle Waters 28-SB WAMBAYA+ NGARNDJI chain 28-SBA NGARNDJI net 28-SBA-a Ngarndji Ashburton Range massif Australia (N.T.) 1 28-SBA-aa ngarndji Woods-NE. lake Australia (N.T.) 1 28-SBB WAMBAYA+ GUDANDJI net 28-SBB-a Wambaya+ Gudandji Ashburton Range massif… Barkly Tableland-N. plateau Australia (N.T.) 1 28-SBB-aa wambaya wambaia, wambaja, wombya, umbaia, yumpia Woods-E. lake… Australia (N.T.) Limmen Bight+ McArthur headwaters 28-SBB-ab binbinga binga-binga, leepitbinga McArthur upper valley Australia (N.T.) 1 28-SBB-ac gudandji kutandji, ngandji, kurandji, anjee, gnanji, goarango, godangee, gurandji Australia (N.T.) 1 McArthur headwaters… Anthony Lagoon 28-T GARAWA+ WANJI set GARAWAN 28-TA GARAWA+ WANJI chain 28-TAA GARAWA+ WANJI net 28-TAA-a Garawa+ Wanji Barkly Tableland-C. plateau Australia (N.T.) 2 28-TAA-aa garawa karawa, karwa, korrawa, leearrawa Nicholson upper… McArthur Australia (N.T.) 2 upper valleys 28-TAA-ab wanji wainyi, waanyi Nicholson upper… Lawn Hill Creek upper valleys… Australia (N.T.; Queensland) 1 Alexandria 28-U MINGIN set X 28-UA MINGIN chain X 28-UAA MINGIN net X 28-UAA-a Mingin Albert valley Australia (Queensland) 0 28-UAA-aa mingin minkin, minikin, myngeen Burketown-S. Australia (Queensland) 0

2= AUSTRALASIA geosector Observatoire Linguistique Linguasphere Observatory page 205

Australia 4 29= TRANS- covers the "Transaustralia" reference area, composed of the (Northern Territory =N.T.; AUSTRALIA "Pama-Nyungan" hypothesis (sets 29-A to 29-X, within the Western Australia =W.A.; wider "Australian" hypothesis) plus the "Tasmanian" notional South Australia =S.A.; geozone set of extinct languages (29-Y); together comprising a total of New South Wales =N.S.W.; 25 sets of languages (213 outer languages) spoken or Australian Capital Territory =A.C.T.; formerly spoken by small hunter-gatherer communities, Victoria; Queensland; Tasmania) originally occupying the whole of Australia and Tasmania (except the far-north, covered by geozone 28=): 29-A DJAMBARR+ DJINANG 29-B WARLPIRI+ PITJANTJA 29-C ARABANA+ YARLI 29-D MURUWARI 29-E BAAGANDJI+ MARAWARA* 29-F NGARINYERI+ YITHAYITHA 29-G WUURONG+ KOLAKNGAT 29-H NULIT+ THANG 29-I DHUDOROA 29-J PALLANGAN-MIDDANG 29-K YOTA+ YABULA 29-L WIRADHURI+ GAMILA 29-M THAWA+ WORIMI 29-N GUMBAYNGGIR+ YAYGIR 29-O BANDJALANG+ YUGUM 29-P YAGARA+GOWAR 29-Q WAGA+ GABI 29-R MARGANY+ MUNGKAN 29-S GALIBAMU 29-T LARDIL+ JAKULA 29-U KALKUTUNG+ YALARNNGA 29-V WAGAYA+ WARLUWARA 29-W WARUMUNGU 29-X ARANDA+ GAIDIDJ 29-Y MARRAWAH+ KAOOTA* The scantily documented languages of Tasmania (29-Y) were effectively extinct before 1900, and this set is therefore excluded from totals of languages spoken during the 20th cent. The Australian mainland languages covered by phylozone 29= (sets 29-A to 29-X) account for approximately one third of all outer languages which have become extinct throughout the world during the 20th century. This destruction of indigenous speech-communities has resulted from the occupation and ethnic-clearance of their traditional space, primarily by sea- borne speakers of [52=] English. Traditional speech communities in Australia were always small, and only 14 among 298 surviving outer-languages in zones 28= and 29= (marked  in column 2) are likely to have totalled 1,000 or more voices each in the year 1999. The intensified study, development and teaching of those languages would appear to be an educational, scientific and cultural priority in the 21st century. Most surviving speech-communities of this zone are bilingual, with primary fluency – especially among younger speakers - in [52=] Australian creole and/or English.

29-A DJAMBARR+ yuulngu, wulamba, murngin #suffix -bingu, -bwingu, -buyngu, -pingu, - DJINANG set puyngo, etc. =«people, community» 29-AA DJAMBARR+ ¶several speech-communities comprise two "moieties" or "half- DJINANG chain communities", speaking different but closely related languages 29-AAA DJINBA+ GANAL net 29-AAA-a Djinba+ Ganal Australia (N.T.) 1 29-AAA-aa djinba jinba, jimba, outjanbah Goyder upper valley Australia (N.T.) 1 29-AAA-aaa garumba garumba clan (N.T.) 1 29-AAA-aab gurgamarabia kurkamarabia clan (N.T.) 1 29-AAA-ab ganal-bingu ganal-bwingu, ganal-buyngu, gunal-bwingo Milingimbi… Mirrngadja Australia (N.T.) 1 #ganal-bingu =«cane-community» 29-AAA-ac dabi Australia (N.T.) 1 29-AAA-ad mandjal-pingu Australia (N.T.) 29-AAB DJINANG+ MANYARRING net 29-AAB-a Djinang+ Manyarring Ramingining… Goyder… Blyth valleys Australia (N.T.) 2 29-AAB-aa djinang jinang, djinhang, jandijinung, yandjinang Goyder… Blyth valleys Australia (N.T.) 29-AAB-aaa gurgamul-mul kurgamul-mul clan (N.T.) 29-AAB-aab mildjingi mildjingi clan (N.T.) 29-AAB-ab djadiwitjibi jadiwitjibi Australia (N.T.) 29-AAB-ac wulaki Australia (N.T.) 29-AAB-ad balurbi Australia (N.T.) 29-AAB-ae murrungun Australia (N.T.) 29-AAB-af manyarring Australia (N.T.) page 206 The Linguasphere Register 1999 / 2000 edition

29-AAC JARNANGO net 29-AAC-a Jarnango Crocodile-W. islands… Maningrida+ Milingimbi Australia (N.T.) 1 29-AAC-aa jarnango-A. jarnango "proper", yan-nhangu, nangu, yanangu #yan-nhangu Australia (N.T.) =«language this» 29-AAC-ab garmalangga kamalanga, kumalungga, kokolango, kokolanga-mala Australia (N.T.) 29-AAC-ac gurjindi Australia (N.T.) 29-AAD DHANGU+ DJANGU net 29-AAD-a Dhangu dangu, dhangu'mi Elcho island bilingual < [29=] Djambarr-puyngu Australia (N.T.) 2 29-AAD-aa galpu gaalpu, galbu, kalbu ¶language of moiety "2" Australia (N.T.) 29-AAD-ab wan'guri wangurri, wonguri ¶language of moiety "1" Australia (N.T.) 29-AAD-ac ngaymil ngeimil, negeimil, ngayimil ¶language of moiety "2" Australia (N.T.) 29-AAD-ad golumala gulumala, gujula, gwola, gwolamala, gwiyula ¶language of moiety "2" Australia (N.T.) 29-AAD-b Ngatang-Thundami Elcho island Australia (N.T.) 1* 29-AAD-ba rirratjingu riraidjango ¶language of moiety "2" Australia (N.T.) 29-AAD-bb lamami ¶language of moiety "1" Australia (N.T.) 29-AAD-c Djangu jangu Elcho island Australia (N.T.) 1 29-AAD-ca warra-miri ¶language of moiety "1" Australia (N.T.) 29-AAD-cb mandatja manatja, manaidja ¶language of moiety "1" Australia (N.T.) 1 29-AAE DJAMBARR+ GUPA* 'dhuwal+ dhuwala' component idioms and extinct idioms to be re- net assessed (to a total of up to 45) 29-AAE-a Gupa+ Gumatj 'dhuwala' ¶language of moiety "1" Australia (N.T.) 3 29-AAE-aa gupa-puyngu 'dhuwala'-W. Milingimbi… Elcho island Australia (N.T.) 3* 29-AAE-aaa gupa-puyngu-A. goba-bingo, guba-bwingu Milingimbi… Elcho island (N.T.) 2 29-AAE-aab gwijamil guya-mirri-lili, kwiyamil Elcho island (N.T.) 29-AAE-aac munyuku (N.T.) 29-AAE-aad walangu (N.T.) 29-AAE-ab wubulkarra 'dhuwala'-N., wobulgarra, obulgara Howard island Australia (N.T.) 0 29-AAE-ac gumatj 'dhuwala'-E. Australia (N.T.) 29-AAE-aca gumatj-A. gomadj, gumait, gumaj, kainyo, kumait, kumatj (N.T.) 2 29-AAE-acb manga-lili mangga-lili (N.T.) 29-AAE-acc mugarganal-miri makarr-wanhal-mirri Yirrkala (N.T.) 29-AAE-ad madarrpa 'dhuwala'-S. Australia (N.T.) 29-AAE-b Djambarr+ Datiwuy 'dhuwal' ¶language of moiety "2" Elcho island… Roper River Australia (N.T.) 3 29-AAE-ba djambarr-puyngu 'dhuwal'-W. Australia (N.T.) 3 29-AAE-baa djambarr-puyngu-A. djambarr-puyngu "proper", jambarr-puyngu, djambar-bwingu, jamba- (N.T.) 2 puing, jamba-puingo Elcho island 29-AAE-bab djambarr-puyngu-V. "vehicular" djambarr-puyngu (N.T.) 3 29-AAE-bac liyagawu-mirr liagojo-mir, leyagawu-mirr clan Elcho island (N.T.) 29-AAE-bad liyagalawu-mirr liagalawu-mirr, leyagalawu-mirr clan Milingimbi (N.T.) 2 29-AAE-bb marrangu 'dhuwal'-N., marangu Elcho island Australia (N.T.) 29-AAE-bc datiwuy 'dhuwal'-E., dadiwi Elcho island Australia (N.T.) 29-AAE-bd dhuwal-S. 'dhuwal'-S. Australia (N.T.) 2 29-AAE-bda dhuwal-A. dhuwal "proper", duala, dual, wulamba, (N.T.) 29-AAE-bdb marrakulu (N.T.) 29-AAE-bdc djapu (N.T.) 29-AAE-bdd dha-puyngu daboingu (N.T.) 29-AAF DHAY'YI net 29-AAF-a Dhay'yi dayi, dha'i, dai, taii Roper River-N. Australia (N.T.) 2 29-AAF-aa dhalwangu dalwangu ¶language of moiety "1" Australia (N.T.) 29-AAF-ab djarrwark djarlwag, djawak ¶language of moiety "2" Australia (N.T.) 29-AAG DHIYAKUY net 29-AAG-a Dhiyakuy Australia (N.T.) 2 29-AAG-aa ritarungo ritarnugu, ritharngu, ritharrngu, ridarngo ¶language of moiety "2" Australia (N.T.) Goyder Walker headwaters 29-AAG-ab wagelak wawilag, wagilak ¶language of moiety "2" Rose valley Australia (N.T.) 29-AAG-ac manggurra* ¶language of moiety "2" Australia (N.T.) 29-B WARLPIRI+ AUSTRALIAN-SW., pama+ nyungan-SW. PITJANTJA set 29-BA WARLPIRI+ NGARDI NGARGA chain 29-BAA WARLPIRI+ NGARDI net 29-BAA-a Warlpiri Yuendumu… Lajamanu Australia (N.T.) 3 29-BAA-aa warl-piri walbiri, elpira, ilpara, wailbri, walpiri, wolperi Australia (N.T.) 3 2= AUSTRALASIA geosector Observatoire Linguistique Linguasphere Observatory page 207

29-BAA-b Warlmanpa Leichardt mountain Australia (N.T.) 1 29-BAA-ba warl-manpa walmala, walmanba Australia (N.T.) 1 29-BAA-c Ngardi Haast Bluff Australia (N.T.; W.A.) 1* 29-BAA-ca ngardi Australia (N.T.; W.A.) 29-BAA-d Ngalia-N. Stuart Bluff Range mountains distinct from [29=] Ngalia-S. Australia (N.T.) 1* 29-BAA-da ngalia-N. Australia (N.T.) 29-BB WALMATJARRI+ NGUMBIN GURINDJI chain 29-BBA MUDBURA net 29-BBA-a Mudbura Victoria upper river-basin… Barkly Tablelands plateau Australia (N.T.) 1 29-BBA-aa mudbura mudburra Australia (N.T.) 1 29-BBB NGARINMAN+ BILINARA net 29-BBB-a Ngarinman Victoria upper valley Australia (N.T.) 2 29-BBB-aa ngarinman airiman, hainman, ngaiman, ngrarmun Jasper Creek Australia (N.T.) 2 29-BBB-b Bilinara* bunara, bulinara, plinara, bijanara Australia (W.A.; N.T.) 1* 29-BBB-ba bilinara-N. Moray Range mountains Australia (N.T.) 29-BBB-bb bilinara-S. Sturt Creek… Gregory lake Australia (W.A.) 29-BBC GURINDJI+ MALNGIN net 29-BBC-a Gurindji gurinjiVictoria upper valley… Wave Hill Australia (N.T.) 2 29-BBC-aa gurindji-E. Australia (N.T.) 29-BBC-ab gurindji-W. Australia (N.T.) 29-BBC-b Malngin Australia (N.T.; W.A.) 1* 29-BBC-ba malngin Argyle lake >SE. Australia (N.T.; W.A.) 29-BBC-c Wanyjirra Australia (N.T.) 1* 29-BBC-ca wanyjirra Hooker Creek>NW. Australia (N.T.) 29-BBD DJARU+ NYININY net 29-BBD-a Djaru Kimberley-S. plateau Australia (W.A.) 2 29-BBD-aa djaru-A. jaru, jaroo, tjaru Hall's Creek… Ringer's Soak Australia (W.A.) 2 29-BBD-ab nyininy nyiniñ Fitzroy… Margaret… Ord valleys Australia (W.A.) 29-BBE WALMATJARRI net 29-BBE-a  Wal-Matjarri Fitzroy valley… Gregory lake Australia (W.A.) 3 29-BBE-aa wal-matjarri-A. walmajarri, walmatjari, walmatjiri, walmajiri, wolmeri, wulumari Australia (W.A.) 3 29-BBE-ab djuwarliny juwarliny, juwaliny, tjiwarliñ, wal-majarri-W. Australia (W.A.) 29-BC NYANGUMARTA+ MAMGU MANGALA chain 29-BCA NYANGUMARTA+ MANGALA net 29-BCA-a Mangala Edgar Range mountains… Jurgurra Creek valley Australia (W.A.) 1 29-BCA-aa mangala mangalaa, mangarla, manala, minala, djawali, djuwali, jiwali, koalgurdi, Australia (W.A.) 1 yalmbau 29-BCA-b Karajeri Roebuck bay… Edgar Range mountains Australia (W.A.) 1 29-BCA-ba karajeri karadjeri, karajarri, karrajarra, garadjiri, garadyari, guradjara, gard'are Australia (W.A.) 1 29-BCA-c Nyangumarta nyangumarda, nyangumata Port Hedland… Marble Bar; Keraudren Australia (W.A.) 2 cape… Eighty Mile Beach coast: Anna Plains 29-BCA-ca nyangumarta nyangumarda, nyangumata Australia (W.A.) 2 29-BD NGARLA+ BAYUNGU chain 29-BDA NGARLA+ NYAMAL part of "inland" ngayarda net 29-BDA-a Ngarla De Grey river-mouth Australia (W.A.) 1 29-BDA-aa ngarla ngarla-N., gnalla, ngirla, wanbarda Australia (W.A.) 1 29-BDA-b Nyamal De Grey river-mouth… Shaw+ Nullagine headwaters Australia (W.A.) 1 29-BDA-ba nyamal gnamo, namel, njamal, njamarl, nyamel Australia (W.A.) 1 29-BDA-c Panytyima Tom Price-E. Australia (W.A.) 1 29-BDA-ca panytyima pandjima-N., bandjima, panjima, panyjima, banjima Australia (W.A.) 1 29-BDA-d Ngarla-Wangga Opthalmia Range mountains Australia (W.A.) 1* 29-BDA-da ngarla-wangga pandjima-S., ngarla-S. Australia (W.A.) 29-BDB NGARLUMA+ "coastal" ngayarda, ngayarda-W. X NHUWALA net 29-BDB-a Kariyarra Turner… Yule valleys Australia (W.A.) 0 29-BDB-aa kariyarra kariera, karriara, gariera Port Hedland-SW. Australia (W.A.) 0 29-BDB-b Ngarluma Roebourne-S. coast Australia (W.A.) 1 29-BDB-ba ngarluma ngaluma, gnalouma, gnalluma, ngallooma Australia (W.A.) 1 page 208 The Linguasphere Register 1999 / 2000 edition

29-BDB-c Martuyhunira Dampier-SW. coast Australia (W.A.) 1 29-BDB-ca martuyhunira mardudunera, maratunia Fortescue river-mouth… Cane valley Australia (W.A.) 1 29-BDB-d Nhuwala Barrow Monte Bello islands; Onslow coast: Ashburton+ Cane river- Australia (W.A.) 1 mouths… Parry Range mountains 29-BDB-da nhuwala noala, ngoala Australia (W.A.) 1 29-BDC YINDJIBARNDI+ part of "inland" ngayarda, ngayarda-C. KURRAMA net 29-BDC-a Yindjibarndi Roebourne-S. coast Australia (W.A.) 2 29-BDC-aa yindjibarndi jindjibandi, injibandi, ingibandi Fortescue… Yule valleys Australia (W.A.) 2 29-BDC-b Kurrama Fortescue valley: Millstream upstream Australia (W.A.) 1 29-BDC-ba kurrama kurama, gurama, karama, korama Pannawonica-SE. Australia (W.A.) 1 29-BDC-c Tjurruru Tom Price-SW Australia (W.A.) 0 29-BDC-ca tjurruru tjuroro Hardey valley Australia (W.A.) 0 29-BDC-d Yinhawangga Hammersley Range-S. mountains Australia (W.A.) 1* 29-BDC-da yinha-wangga yina-wongga Australia (W.A.) 29-BDD BAYUNGU+ JIWARLI KANYARA net 29-BDD-a Dhalandji Exmouth Gulf bay… Ashburton middle valley Australia (W.A.) 1 29-BDD-aa dhalandji talandji, dalandji, dalendi, djalendi, tallainga, talandi, talaindji, talangee Australia (W.A.) 1 29-BDD-b Bayungu Lyndon lower… Minilya valleys Australia (W.A.) 1 29-BDD-ba bayungu baiong, baiung, bajungu, giong, mulgarnoo, pajungu Australia (W.A.) 1 29-BDD-c Burduna Henry… Lyndon upper valleys Australia (W.A.) 1 29-BDD-ca burduna buduna, boordoona, budina, budoona, purduna, pinnee-gooroo, Australia (W.A.) 1 poodena, poordoona, purduma 29-BDD-d Pinigura Duck Creek valley Australia (W.A.) 1 29-BDD-da pinigura binigura Australia (W.A.) 1 29-BDD-e Thargari part of manthartha, mantharda Kennedy Range mountains: Lyons Australia (W.A.) 1 lower… Minilya upper valleys 29-BDD-ea thargari dhargari, dargari, dal'gari, targari, tarkarri Australia (W.A.) 29-BDD-f Thiinma part of manthartha, mantharda Kennedy Range mountains: Henry Australia (W.A.) 1* headwaters… Frederick valley 29-BDD-fa thiin-ma dhiin, denma, tenma, teenma Australia (W.A.) 29-BDD-g Jiwarli part of manthartha, mantharda Capricorn Range-N. mountains: Australia (W.A.) 1* Ashburton middle valley… Hardey valley 29-BDD-ga jiwarli djiwarli, djwarli, djiwali, tjiwarli, guwari, jivali, jwarli, juwali, kuwari Australia (W.A.) 29-BDD-h Wari-Wonga part of manthartha, mantharda Mount Augustus-SE. mountain:Lyons Australia (W.A.) 0 upper… Gascoyne middle valleys 29-BDD-ha wari-wonga wari-yangga, warriyangka, warienga Australia (W.A.) 0 29-BE YINGGARDA+ KARDU NHANDA chain 29-BEA YINGGARDA+ NHANDA net 29-BEA-a Yinggarda+ Malgana* SHARK-BAY Shark Bay bay Australia (W.A.) 1 29-BEA-aa maya maia, maja, miah Minilya… Gascogne valleys Australia (W.A.) 0 29-BEA-ab yinggarda inggarda, ingara, ingarda, ingarra, ingarrah, inparra, jinggarda, Australia (W.A.) 1 kakarakala Gascogne… Wooramel valleys 29-BEA-ac malgana maljanna, maldjana, malkana Wooramel lower valley… Hamelin Pool Australia (W.A.) 1 29-BEA-ad buluguda Peron peninsula Australia (W.A.) 0 29-BEA-ae tamala Edel Land peninsula Australia (W.A.) 0 29-BEA-b Nhanda+ Watjandi* MURCHISON Murchison valley Australia (W.A.) 0 29-BEA-ba watjandi wadjandi, watjanmay, opee Murchison-N. river-mouth Australia (W.A.) 0 29-BEA-bb nhanda nanda; eau, eaw, jaw, nanda-tharia, ngoogooja Murchison left-bank Australia (W.A.) 0 29-BEA-bc bulinya Murchison-S. valley Australia (W.A.) 0 29-BF NYUNGA+ WATJARI chain 29-BFA WATJARI+ BADIMAY net 29-BFA-a Watjari+ Badimay Mount Magnet Australia (W.A.) 1 29-BFA-aa watjari watjarri, wadjari, wadjeri, jaburu, waian-wanga, yabbaroo Murchison- Australia (W.A.) 1 S. valley…; displaced to Mullewa 29-BFA-ab wirdi-may* Mount Magnet-W. Australia (W.A.) 0 29-BFA-ac badi-may badi, bardi-maya, padi-maia, pati-may, puditjarra Mount Magnet… Australia (W.A.) 0 Yalgoo… Payne's Find 2= AUSTRALASIA geosector Observatoire Linguistique Linguasphere Observatory page 209

29-BFB NYUNGA net X 29-BFB-a Nyunga nyungar, noonga, noongar submerged < [52=] Neo-Nyunga Australia (W.A.) 0 Dongara+ Esperance 29-BFB-aa pipel-man pipel-men, meera-man, people-man Perth-S. Australia (W.A.) 0 29-BFB-ab nanakarti nanakati Australia (W.A.) 0 29-BFB-ac watjan-may watjan Deborah lakes Australia (W.A.) 0 29-BFB-ad tjapan-may tjapan Cowcowing lakes Australia (W.A.) 0 29-BFB-ae karla-may karla Barker… Percy lakes Australia (W.A.) 0 29-BFB-af ngatju-may ngatju Hope lake Australia (W.A.) 0 29-BFB-ag kwetj-man Magenta lake Australia (W.A.) 0 29-BFB-ah mirnong Pallinuo valley Australia (W.A.) 0 29-BFB-ai kaniyang Blackwood valley Australia (W.A.) 0 29-BFC KALARKO+ MIRNING net 29-BFC-a Kalarko+ Wudjari 1 29-BFC-aa kalarko malpa, malba, galaagu, kalako, kalakul, kalaku Bremer Range… Australia (W.A.) 0 Fraser Range mountains. 29-BFC-ab ngadjun-maya badonjunga, bardojunga, ngadju, ngadjunmaia, ngadjumaja, Australia (W.A.) 1 ngatjumay, tchaakalaaga Fraser Range+ Russell Range mountains… Naretha+ Eyre's Sand Patch 29-BFC-ac wudjari Esperance Australia (W.A.) 0 29-BFC-b Mirning Eucla… Nullabor plain Australia (W.A.; S.A.) 0 29-BFC-ba mirning mirniny, baaduk, ikala, ikula, jurgula, wanbiri, wanmaraing, wonunda- Australia (W.A.; S.A.) 0 mirnug, yircla, yirola, yoongar 29-BG PITJANTJA+ MARTU WESTERN-DESERT, wati chain 29-BGA PITJANTJA+ wati-C. NGAANYA* net 29-BGA-a Murunitja Nullabor-N.W. plain Australia (W.A.) 0 29-BGA-aa murunitja Australia (W.A.) 0 29-BGA-b Pintiini+ Wanggayi Nullabor-N.W. plain… Leonora Australia (W.A.) 2 29-BGA-ba pintiini Leonora… Australia (W.A.) 2 29-BGA-bb wanggayi wangada, wanggaji, wangkatja, wonga, wongai-i, wonggaii Carey Australia (W.A.) 0 lake 29-BGA-c Mardu Rebecca… Yindarlgooda lakes Australia (W.A.) 0 29-BGA-ca mardu-djara mardu, madu-wongga, mardo-wanga, jindi Australia (W.A.) 0 29-BGA-d Ngurlu Ballard… Raeside lakes Australia (W.A.) 0 29-BGA-da ngurlu nanu Australia (W.A.) 0 29-BGA-e Guwara Darlot lake Australia (W.A.) 0 29-BGA-ea guwara Australia (W.A.) 0 29-BGA-f Piniri Three Rivers Australia (W.A.) 1 29-BGA-fa piniri-tjara piniri, piniritjara, pirniritjara, pini, bini, birni Australia (W.A.) 1 29-BGA-g Budi Kimberley Range mountains Australia (W.A.) 0 29-BGA-ga budi-djara budi, puditara, pututjara, purditjara Australia (W.A.) 0 29-BGA-h Ngaanya+ Djalga* djalga Brassey Range… Warburton Range… Virginia Range Australia (W.A.) 3 mountains 29-BGA-ha giya-djara giya Australia (W.A.) 0 29-BGA-hb nana-djara nana, naanatjarra Three Rivers… Warburton Range mountains Australia (W.A.) 0 29-BGA-hc ngaadja-djara ngaadja- Warburton Range-N. mountains Australia (W.A.) 0 29-BGA-hd djalga-djara djalga, baduwanga, barduwanga, tjalkadjara, tjalgandi Warburton Australia (W.A.) 0 Range-W. mountains 29-BGA-he mandjindja-djara mandjindja, mandjindjara, manjinji, manjinjiwonga, mangula Australia (W.A.) 0 Warburton Range-SW. mountains 29-BGA-hf ngaanya-tjara nyanganyatjara, nyanganya, nangatatjara, nanggaranggu, ngaayatjara, Australia (W.A.) 3 ngaanya-tjarra Virginia Range mountains… Yeo lake… Warburton Range mountains 29-BGA-i Ngalia+ Nakako* Serpentine lakes Australia (W.A.; S.A.) 0 29-BGA-ia ngalia-S. distinct from [29=] Ngalia-N. Australia (W.A.; S.A.) 0 29-BGA-ib nakako* Australia (W.A.; S.A.) 0 29-BGA-j Yankunta+ Wirdjara Musgrave Range… Everard Range mountains Australia (N.T.) 2 29-BGA-ja yankunta-tjara yankunta, yankunytjatjara, jangkundjara, jankundjadjara, Australia (N.T.) 2 kulbandjatjarra Musgrave Range… Everard Range mountains 29-BGA-jb kulbandja-tjarra kulbandja, kulban-tjarra, kulpantja Musgrave Range mountains Australia (S.A.) 0 29-BGA-jc wirdjara-gandja wirdjara, wirtjapokandja Musgrave Range-S. mountains> Australia (S.A.) 0 29-BGA-k Pitjantja Petermann Range… Musgrave Range mountains Australia (N.T.; S.A.; W.A.) 3 29-BGA-ka pitjantja-tjara Petermann Range… Musgrave Range mountains Australia (N.T.; S.A.; W.A.) 3 29-BGA-kb pitjantja-V. "vehicular" pitjantja Petermann Range… Musgrave Range mountains Australia (N.T.; S.A.; W.A.) 3 29-BGA-kc kukatja kukaja, gugadja, gogoda, kukata Australia (N.T.; W.A.) 0 page 210 The Linguasphere Register 1999 / 2000 edition

29-BGA-l Yumu Australia (N.T.) 0 29-BGA-la yumu jumu Australia (N.T.) 0 29-BGB BIDUNGU net part of "peripheral" wati X 29-BGB-a Bidungu Robinson Range mountains Australia (W.A.) 0 29-BGB-aa bidungu Australia (W.A.) 0 29-BGC NIJADALI net part of "peripheral" wati 29-BGC-a Nijadali Robertson Range-NW. mountains Australia (W.A.) 1 29-BGC-aa nijadali-A. njijapali, nyiyabali displaced to Marble Bar Australia (W.A.) 1 29-BGC-ab balygu bailko, paljgu, balgu Australia (W.A.) 1 29-BGC-ac jauna Australia (W.A.) 0 29-BGD WANMAN net part of "peripheral" wati 29-BGD-a Wanman Dora… Blanche lakes Australia (W.A.) 2 29-BGD-aa wanman warnman Australia (W.A.) 2 29-BGE MARTU net part of "peripheral" wati 29-BGE-a Martu martu-wangka, including yulparitja, yilparitja, yulbaridja Australia (W.A.) 2 Disappointment-W. lake #yulparitja = «southern» 29-BGE-aa manyjily-jara mantjiltjara, mandjildjara Australia (W.A.) 2 29-BGE-ab kartu-jarra kartutjara, kardutjara, kadaddjara, kardutjarra, kiadjara, gardudjara, Australia (W.A.) 2 gagudjara 29-BGE-ac pudi-tara budidjara, putujara Australia (W.A.) 0 29-BGE-ad wangka-junga wangkajungka Australia (W.A.) 2 29-BGE-ae nanga-tara Australia (W.A.) 0 29-BGE-af ilda-wongga Australia (W.A.) 0 29-BGF GUGADJA net part of "peripheral" wati 29-BGF-a Gugadja Balgo Australia (W.A.; N.T.) 2 29-BGF-aa gugadja-wati Australia (W.A.; N.T.) 2 29-BGG PINTUPI+ LURITJA part of "peripheral" wati net 29-BGG-a Pintupi+ Luritja Kintore Range… Balgo Hill mountains Australia (W.A.; N.T.) 2 29-BGG-aa pintupi pintubi, binddibu Australia (W.A.; N.T.) 29-BGG-ab luritja Kintore Range… Balgo Hill mountains Australia (W.A.; N.T.) 29-BGH ANTAKARINYA net part of "peripheral" wati 29-BGH-a Antakarinya Australia (S.A.) 1 29-BGH-aa antakarinya andagarinya Australia (S.A.) 1 29-BGI KOKATA net part of "peripheral" wati 29-BGI-a Kokata Stuart Range-SW.… Coober Pedy… railway-line Australia (S.A.) 1 29-BGI-aa kokata gugada, kokitta, koocatho, koogurda, kokatha, kugurda, kukata, Australia (S.A.) 1 madutara, maduwonga, wanggamadu, wongamardu 29-BGJ WIRANGU net part of "peripheral" wati 29-BGJ-a Wirangu Head of Bight bay: Ooldea… Streaky Bay bay Australia (S.A.) 1 29-BGJ-aa wirangu njangga, nyangga, warrangoo, wirongu, wironguwongga, wirrung, Australia (S.A.) 1 wirrunga 29-BH GUYANI+ yura NARUNGGA chain 29-BHA GUYANI+ BANGGARLA* net 29-BHA-a Guyani Flinders Range-W. mountains Australia (S.A.) 0 29-BHA-aa guyani kuyani, gujani, kijani, kiyani, kwiani, koonarie Torrents-N. lake Australia (S.A.) 0 29-BHA-b Adynyamathanha Flinders Range mountains Australia (S.A.) 1 29-BHA-ba adynyamathanha-A. ad'n'amadana, anjimatana, anjiwatana, archualda, benbakanjamata, Australia (S.A.) 1 binbarnja, gadjnjamada, jandali, kanjimata, keydnjmarda, mardala, nimalda, nuralda, unyamootha, umbertana Flinders Range mountains 29-BHA-bb wailpi wailbi, waljbi, wipie Flinders Range mountains Australia (S.A.) 1 29-BHA-c Banggarla Eyre peninsula Australia (S.A.) 0 29-BHA-ca banggarla bangala, banggala, bahanga-la, bungeha, bungela, pangkala, pakarla, Australia (S.A.) 0 pankalla, parnkala, parnkalla, punkalla, kortabina Port Lincoln… Port Augusta 29-BHA-d Nawu battara, growoo, nawo, njao, njau Eyre-S. peninsula Australia (S.A.) 0 29-BHA-da nawu battara, growoo, nawo, njao, njau Australia (S.A.) 0 29-BHB NUGUNU+ including kaurna (extinct before 1850) NGADJURI * net 29-BHB-a Nugunu Flinders Range-S. mountains Australia (S.A.) 0 29-BHB-aa nugunu-A. nukuna, doora, njuguna, nokunna, noocoona, nookoona, nuguna, Australia (S.A.) 0 nukana, nukunnu, nukunu, pukunna, tjura, tyura, wallaroo, warra, wongaidya Port Pirie 29-BHB-ab kaurna ¶extinct before 1850 Australia (S.A.)  2= AUSTRALASIA geosector Observatoire Linguistique Linguasphere Observatory page 211

29-BHB-b Ngadjuri Orroroo… Robertstown Australia (S.A.) 0 29-BHB-ba ngadjuri aluri, eura, manu, manuley, ngadhuri, ngarluri, werra, wiramaya, wirra Australia (S.A.) 0 29-BHC NARUNGGA net X 29-BHC-a Narungga Yorke-S. peninsula Australia (S.A.) 0 29-BHC-aa narungga-A. narangga, nanunga, naranga, narranga, narranggu, narrangu Australia (S.A.) 0 29-BHC-ab adjabdurah adjahdurah Australia (S.A.) 0 29-BHC-ac turra Australia (S.A.) 0 29-C ARABANA+ YARLI KARNIC set 29-CA ARABANA+ PALKU* chain 29-CAA ARABANA+ NGURU "arabanic" net 29-CAA-a Arabana+ Nguru Eyre… Mirranponga-Pongunna lakes Australia (S.A.; N.T.) 1 29-CAA-aa wang-arabana arabuna, arapani, ngarabana, rabuna, urabuna Eyre lake… Stuart Australia (S.A.) 1 Range mountains 29-CAA-ab wonga-djaga Kallakoopa Creek Australia (S.A.) 0 29-CAA-ac wangga-nguru wongkanguru, ongkonguru, wangkanguru, wonkaoora Mirranponga- Australia (N.T.) 1 Pongunna lake 29-CAB PALKU net X 29-CAB-a Palku wangga-kadjera, wongga-djara, wongga-itjera, wongga-jidjera, wonka- Australia (N.T.; Queensland) 0 itjuru, wangga-yudyuru Field lower… Hay lower… Diamantina valleys 29-CAB-aa wangga-mala Field lower… Hay lower valleys Australia (N.T.) 0 29-CAB-ab lhanima lanima Eyre+ Mulligan valleys Australia (Queensland) 0 29-CAB-ac gunggalanya gungalanya, kungkalenya, gunngalanja Sandringham-S. Australia (Queensland) 0 29-CAB-ad yurla-yurlanya yoolanlanya, ulaolinya, ulaolinja Boulia-SW. Australia (Queensland; N.T.) 0 29-CAB-ae rangwa Pituri+ Georgina confluence upstream Australia (Queensland) 0 29-CAB-af bidha-bidha pita-pita, pitta-pitta, bida-bida Boulia Australia (Queensland) 0 29-CAB-ag ringu-ringu oringaroo, ringa Herbert… Roxborough Downs Australia (Queensland) 0 29-CAB-ah ragaya rakkia, raggaja, rukkia Coorabulka… Springvale Australia (Queensland) 0 29-CAB-ai ngurlubulu ngulubulu, ooloopooloo Cluny Australia (Queensland) 0 29-CAB-aj garanya karanya, kurrana, muralula Cluny Australia (Queensland) 0 29-CAB-ak mayawarli majali, mayuli, majawali, majuli, miorli Diamantina… Mayne valleys Australia (Queensland) 0 29-CB DIERI+ GARUWALI karna+ diyari chain 29-CBA GARUWALI+ X MIDHAGA net 29-CBA-a Midhaga Diamantina… Cooper's Creek valleys Australia (Queensland; S.A.) 0 29-CBA-aa midhaga-A. mitaka, mithuka Monkira… Currawilla… Haddon Downs Australia (Queensland; S.A.) 0 29-CBA-ab marrula marala, maranada, murunuda Betoota-S. Australia (Queensland; S.A.) 0 29-CBA-b Garuwali Windorah Australia (Queensland) 0 29-CBA-ba garuwali karuwali, karawala, karorinje Australia (Queensland) 0 29-CBB DIERI+ NGAMINI net "dieric" 29-CBB-a Yarluyandi Birdsville-W. Australia (Queensland; S.A.; N.T.) 0 29-CBB-aa yarluyandi jeljendi, jeljujendi, yelyayendi Australia (Queensland; S.A.; N.T.) 0 29-CBB-b Ngamini Warburton Creek valley… Howitt lake… Goyder lake Australia (S.A.) 0 29-CBB-ba ngamini agaminni, ngameni, gnameni, ominee Australia (S.A.) 0 29-CBB-c Yawara+ Yandru Cooper Creek valley: Innamincka Australia (S.A.; Queensland) 0 29-CBB-ca yawara-warga jauraworka, yerawaka, yarrawurka, jawaraworga Cooper Creek Australia (S.A.; Queensland) 0 valley: Yamma-Yamma lake 29-CBB-cb yandru-wandha jandruwanta, gandruwanda, yandra-wandra Cooper Creek-S. valley: Australia (S.A.; Queensland) 0 Moomba 29-CBB-d Dieri+ Dirari Leigh lower… Warburton valleys Australia (Queensland; S.A.; N.T.) 1 29-CBB-da dieri diyari, diari, dyeri, dijari, tirari Gregory+ Howitt lakes Australia (Queensland; S.A.; N.T.) 1 29-CBB-db dirari North Eyre-E. lake Australia (S.A.) 0 29-CBB-e Biladaba Blanche… Callabonna lakes Australia (S.A.) 0 29-CBB-ea biladaba pilatapa, berluppa, pulladapa Australia (S.A.) 0 29-CC NGURA chain 29-CCA NGURA net 29-CCA-a Ngura Cooper Creek valley… Yamma-Yamma lake… Bulloo valley Australia (Queensland) 1 29-CCA-aa ngurawarla ngurawola Arrabury… Durham Downs Australia (Queensland) 0 29-CCA-ab garandala karendala, garendala, kunandaburi, kurnandaburi McGregor Range Australia (Queensland) 0 mountains… Cooper Creek lower valley 29-CCA-ac yarumarra Wilson headwaters Australia (Queensland) 0 29-CCA-ad wongkumara wangkumara, wangumarra Australia (Queensland) 1 29-CCA-ae punthamara bundhamara Wilson valley Australia (Queensland) 0 page 212 The Linguasphere Register 1999 / 2000 edition

29-CCA-af kalali garlali, galali, kullali Bulloo valley Australia (Queensland) 0 29-CCA-ag badjiri baderi, badjari, byjerri Paroo middlevalley… Warrego middle valley: Australia (Queensland) 0 Cunnamulla 29-CCA-ah dhiraila tereila, diraila, thiralla Grey Range-N. mountains: Nockatunga Australia (Queensland) 0 29-CCA-ai bidjara bitjara Grey Range mountains… Bulloo lake Australia (Queensland) 0 29-CCA-aj mambangura ngandangara, ngandanguru Tennappera Australia (Queensland) 0 29-CCA-ak mingbari mingabari Tiboobura-E. Australia (N.S.W.) 0 29-CD YARLI chain X 29-CDA YARLI net X 29-CDA-a Yarli Grey Range-S. mountains… Frome Downs Australia (N.S.W.; Queensland; 0 S.A.) 29-CDA-aa wadigali wadikali Tiboobura-W. Australia (N.S.W.; Queensland; 0 S.A.) 29-CDA-ab malyangaba maljangapa, mulyanapa, multyerra, nalyanapa Frome-E. lake Australia (N.S.W.; S.A.) 0 29-CDA-ac yardliwarra Frome-SW. lake Australia (N.S.W.; S.A.) 0 29-D MURUWARI set X 29-DA MURUWARI chain X 29-DAA MURUWARI net X 29-DAA-a Muruwari murawari, marawari, 'yacko-yacko' Culgoa+ Neabul valleys: Bollon… Australia (N.S.W.; Queensland) 0 Bourke 29-DAA-aa gunga-guri Cunnamulla-S.E. Australia (Queensland) 0 29-DAA-ab gunda-guri Bollon-S. Australia (Queensland) 0 29-DAA-ac buru-guri baderugali Enngonia Australia (N.S.W.; Queensland) 0 29-DAA-ad dhindundu Weilmoringle-S. Australia (N.S.W.) 0 29-DAA-ae nundu-guri Bourke-N. Australia (N.S.W.) 0 29-E BAAGANDJI+ X MARAWARA* set 29-EA BAAGANDJI+ X MARAWARA chain 29-EAA BAAGANDJI+ "wider" baagandji X BANDJI net 29-EAA-a Bandji+ Baarundji baagandji-N. Cook Range mountains… Darling upper valley Australia (N.S.W.) 0 29-EAA-aa bandji-gali bandjagali, bandjugali White Cliffs… Cook Range mountains Australia (N.S.W.) 0 29-EAA-ab wanyu-barlgu wandjiwalku, wanjiwalku, wanjwalgu, wonjimalko, wonipalku White Australia (N.S.W.) 0 Cliffs… Milparinka 29-EAA-ac na-barlgu mailpurlgu, nawalgu, unelgo Darling… Paroo lower valleys Australia (N.S.W.) 0 29-EAA-ad baarundji parundji, barinji, paruindi Paroo lower… Warrego valleys Australia (N.S.W.; Queensland 0 adjacent) 29-EAA-ae gurnu guerno, gunu, kuno, kula, kurnu Darling valley: Louth+ Bourke… Australia (N.S.W.; Queensland 0 Warrego lower valley adjacent) 29-EAA-b Baagandji+ Wilja Benda Range mountains… Darling lower valley Australia (N.S.W.) 1 29-EAA-ba baagandji baagandji-N., darling, baagandji "proper", bagundji, bagandji Darling Australia (N.S.W.) 1 lower valley: Wilcannia downstream 29-EAA-bb wilja-kali wilyagali Darling lower valley: Wilcannia downstream Australia (N.S.W.) 0 29-EAA-bc wiljali willoo Darling lower valley Australia (N.S.W.) 0 29-EAB MARAWARA* net X 29-EAB-a Marawara Murray+ Darling confluence: Darling upstream Australia (N.S.W.) 0 29-EAB-aa marawara maraura, marewera Wentworth Australia (N.S.W.) 0 29-F NGARINYERI+ "ngarinyeric+ yithayithic" X YITHAYITHA set 29-FA NGARINYERI+ X YITHAYITHA chain 29-FAA NGARINYERI+ X YITHAYITHA net 29-FAA-a Yitha-Yitha Lachlan+ Murray right-bank: Booligal downstream… Darling Australia (N.S.W.; Victoria) 0 confluence 29-FAA-aa yitha-yitha jitajita, itaita, ithiithi, tjuop Australia (N.S.W.; Victoria 0 adjacent) 29-FAA-b Keramin Murray left-bank: Euston downstream… Darling confluence Australia (Victor; N.S.W.) 0 29-FAA-ba keramin kureinji, karin, karingma, gurendji, orangema, pitwa Australia (Victoria; N.S.W. 0 adjacent) 29-FAA-c Yuyu juju, yerre-yerre Murray valley: Victoria lake downstream… Waikerie Australia (S.; Victoria) 0 29-FAA-ca ngintait inteck, ngintadj Victoria lake>S. Australia (S.A.; Victoria adjacent) 0 29-FAA-cb erawirung jirau, jirawirung, yerraruck, yiran Murray valley: Paringa+ Loxton-S. Australia (S.A.) 0 29-FAA-cc ngawait eritark, nanait, ngawadj, niawoo, nutcha, njawatjurk Murray valley: Australia (S.A.) 0 Loxton 29-FAA-cd ngarkat buripung, duwinbarap, mangkarupi, merkani, jakalbarap, ngardad, Australia (S.A.; Victoria adjacent) 0 ngeruketi, wragarite Murray lower valley… Murraytown 2= AUSTRALASIA geosector Observatoire Linguistique Linguasphere Observatory page 213

29-FAA-d Ngayawung Murray lower valley… Mount Lofty Range mountains Australia (S.A.) 0 29-FAA-da ngayawung-A. ngaiawang, aiawong, ngaiwung, ngaiyau, nggauaiyowangko Australia (S.A.) 0 29-FAA-db ngangurugu* nganguruku, nkanguru Australia (S.A.) 0 29-FAA-e Peramangk Mount Lofty Range mountains Australia (S.A.) 0 29-FAA-ea peramangk baramangg, peramarma, marimejuna, meraldi, merildakald, Australia (S.A.) 0 wangarainbula 29-FAA-f Ngarinyeri narrinyeri Encounter… Lacepede bays Australia (S.A.) 0 29-FAA-fa raminyeri Jervis cape Australia (S.A.) 0 29-FAA-fb warki Strathalbyn Australia (S.A.) 0 29-FAA-fc portawulun Murray Bridge Australia (S.A.) 0 29-FAA-fd yaraldi Meningie Australia (S.A.) 0 29-FAA-fe tanganalun Coorong coast Australia (S.A.) 0 29-FAA-ff meintaangk Kingston Australia (S.A.) 0 29-G WUURONG+ KULINIC X KOLAKNGAT set 29-GA WUURONG+ "bungandidjic" X BUNGANDIDJ chain 29-GAA BUNGANDIDJ net X 29-GAA-a Bungandidj Glenelg-W. valley Australia (S.A.; Victoria) 0 29-GAA-aa bungandidj Millicent+ Mount Gambier coast: Naracoorte Australia (S.A.; Victoria adjacent) 0 29-GAB WUURONG net X 29-GAB-a Wuurong kuurn-kopan-noot, gurnditjmara, kirurndit, kunditjmara Cape Australia (Victoria) 0 Bridgewater-E. coast 29-GAB-aa chaap-wuurong Heywood Australia (Victoria) 0 29-GAB-ab kii-wuurong Australia (Victoria) 0 29-GAB-ac kuurn-kopan-noot Australia (Victoria) 0 29-GAB-ad peek-whurrong Warrnambool Australia (Victoria) 0 29-GAB-ae kirrae-wuurong Australia (Victoria) 0 29-GB WEMBAWEMBA X chain 29-GBA WEMBAWEMBA net X 29-GBA-a Wembawemba+ Murray middle… Glenelg upper valleys Australia (Victoria) 0 Yaara 29-GBA-aa nari-nari Hay Australia (Victoria) 0 29-GBA-ab latji-latji Australia (Victoria) 0 29-GBA-ac yari-yari Ouyen Australia (Victoria) 0 29-GBA-ad wati-wati Australia (Victoria) 0 29-GBA-ae wemba-wemba Swan Hill Australia (Victoria) 0 29-GBA-af bara-parapa Australia (Victoria) 0 29-GBA-ag yuga-pulk Australia (Victoria) 0 29-GBA-ah warka-warka Hopetoun Australia (Victoria) 0 29-GBA-ai wotjobaluk Australia (Victoria) 0 29-GBA-aj yaadwa Stawell Australia (Victoria) 0 29-GBA-ak yaara Maryborough Australia (Victoria) 0 29-GC KOLAKNGAT+ X WUYWURUNG chain 29-GCA KOLAKNGAT+ X WUYWURUNG net 29-GCA-a Kolakngat coligan Colac lakes… Apollo bay Australia (Victoria) 0 29-GCA-aa kolakngat kolijon Australia (Victoria) 0 29-GCA-b Wathawurung Ballarat… Torquay coast Australia (Victoria) 0 29-GCA-ba watha-wurung wathurung Melbourne-W. Australia (Victoria) 0 29-GCA-c Wuywurung Australia (Victoria) 0 29-GCA-ca bun-wurung ban-wurung, bunurong Melbourne-SE. Australia (Victoria) 0 29-GCA-cb wuy-wurung-A. wuy-wurrungMelbourne-N. Australia (Victoria) 0 29-GCA-cc thaga-wurung Bendigo-E. Australia (Victoria) 0 29-H NULIT+ THANG set KURNIC X 29-HA NULIT+ THANG chain X 29-HAA NULIT+ THANG net X 29-HAA-a Nulit+ Thang "kurnic", ganay #suffix -lung =«people, community» Wilson's Australia (Victoria; N.S.W.) 0 Promontory peninsula… Green cape 29-HAA-aa nulit Australia (Victoria) 0 29-HAA-aaa bratauo-lung tarrawarracka Foster (Victoria) 0 29-HAA-aab braiakau-lung (Victoria) 0 29-HAA-aac tatunga-lung Wellington lake (Victoria) 0 page 214 The Linguasphere Register 1999 / 2000 edition

29-HAA-ab muk-thang brabira-lung, brabra-lung Bairnsdale-N. Australia (Victoria) 0 29-HAA-ac thang-quai kratauatunga-lung Orbost Australia (Victoria) 0 29-HAA-ad bidhawal bidawal, bidwelli;Green cape… Everard cape… Delegate Australia (Victoria; N.S.W.) 0 29-I DHUDOROA set X 29-IA DHUDOROA chain X 29-IAA DHUDOROA net X 29-IAA-a Dhudoroa Great Dividing Range-C. massif (Victoria; N.S.W.) 0 29-IAA-aa dhudoroa dhudhuroa, jaithmathang, yaithmathang Mitta… Tambo… Ovens (Victoria; N.S.W. adjacent) 0 headwaters 29-J PALLANGAN- X MIDDANG set 29-JA PALLANGAN- X MIDDANG chain 29-JAA PALLANGAN- X MIDDANG net 29-JAA-a Pallangan-Middang Murray upper valley Australia (Victoria) 0 29-JAA-aa pallangan-middang banjerang, panderang Tallangatta Australia (Victoria) 0 29-K YOTA+ YABULA set YOTAYOTIC X 29-KA YOTA+ YABULA X chain 29-KAA YOTA+ YABULA net ngarimawuru X 29-KAA-a Yota-Yota Murray upper valley Australia (Victoria; N.S.W.) 0 29-KAA-aa yota-yota joda-joda Cohuna+ Echuca Australia (Victoria) 0 29-KAA-b Yabula-Yabula Murray upper… Lachlan valleys Australia (Victoria; N.S.W.) 0 29-KAA-ba yabula-yabula jabula-jabula, nari-nari Australia (Victoria) 0 29-L WIRADHURI+ WIRADHURIC X GAMILA set 29-LA WIRADHURI+ X GAMILA chain 29-LAA WIRADHURI net X 29-LAA-a Wiradhuri Murray upper valley… Castlereagh+ Macquarie valleys Australia (N.S.W.; Victoria) 0 29-LAA-aa wiradhuri wiradjuri, berrembeel, warandgeri, werogery, wiiratheri, wira-athoree, Australia (N.S.W.; Victoria 0 wiraduri, wirajeree, wirashuri, wiratheri, wirracharee, wiraidyuri, adjacent) wirrai'yarrai, wooragurie, wordjerg 29-LAB WAYILWAN+ X NGIYAMBAA net 29-LAB-a Wayilwan+ wangaaybuwan+ ngiyambaa Willanora-Billabong valley… Australia (N.S.W.) 0 Ngiyambaa Macquarie+ Barwon confluence 29-LAB-aa wangaaybuwan wongaibon, wombungee, wongagibun, wonghibon, wonghi, wonjhibon Australia (N.S.W.) 0 Lachlan… Bogan valleys 29-LAB-ab ngiyambaa giamba, narran, noongaburrah, ngeumba, ngiamba, ngiumba, Australia (N.S.W.) 0 ngjamba, ngumbarr Darling middle… Bogan valleys 29-LAB-ac wayilwan waljwan Castlereagh… Marthaguy… Macquarie. valleys Australia (N.S.W.) 0 29-LAC GAMILA+ YUWAALI X net 29-LAC-a Gamila+ Yuwaali kamilaroi, camileroi, gamilaraay, gamilaroi Liverpool plains… Australia (N.S.W.; Queensland) 0 Balonne valley 29-LAC-aa guyinba-raay koinberi, gunjbarai Castlereagh headwaters… Liverpool plains Australia (N.S.W.) 0 29-LAC-ab gamila-raay Australia (N.S.W.; Queensland) 0 29-LAC-aba gamil-raay-S. Namoi upper valley (N.S.W.) 29-LAC-abb gamil-raay-N. Barwon… Gwydir valleys (N.S.W.; Queensland) 29-LAC-ac yuwaala-raay juwalarai Narran-NE. lake. Australia (N.S.W.) 0 29-LAC-ad yuwaali-yaay jualjai, yualyai Narran… Bokhara valleys Australia (N.S.W.; Queensland) 0 29-LAC-ae gawamba-raay Weir valley Australia; (Queensland; N.S.W.) 0 29-LAC-af wiriya-raay wiriwiri Gwydir valley Australia (N.S.W.) 0 29-M THAWA+ WORIMI set "yuin"+ "kuric" X 29-MA NGARIGO+ "yuin"-W. X NGUNAWAL chain 29-MAA NGARIGO+ X NGUNAWAL net 29-MAA-a Ngarigo ngarigu, narigo, gerego, bemeringal, ngundura Snowy valley George Australia (N.S.W.; Victoria; A.C.T.) 0 lake 29-MAA-aa ngarigo-S. Snowy-N. valley Australia (N.S.W.; Victoria) 0 29-MAA-ab walgalu ngarigo-W., wolgal, walgulu Snowy mountains… Murray… Australia (N.S.W.) 0 Murrumbidgee… Tumut headwaters 29-MAA-ac ngarigo-N.* George-S. lake Australia (N.S.W., A.C.T.) 0 29-MAA-b Ngunawal Queanbeyan… Yass Australia (N.S.W.) 0 29-MAA-ba ngunawal Australia (N.S.W.) 0 2= AUSTRALASIA geosector Observatoire Linguistique Linguasphere Observatory page 215

29-MB THAWA chain "yuin"-S. X 29-MBA THAWA net X 29-MBA-a Thawa Howe cape… Bombala Australia (N.S.W.; Victoria) 0 29-MBA-aa thawa thaua, taua, guyangalyuin Eden… Mallacoota Australia (N.S.W.; Victoria) 0 29-MC DYRRINGANY+ "yuin"-E. X DHURGA chain 29-MCA DYRRINGANY net X 29-MCA-a Dyrringany Bermagui Australia (N.S.W.) 0 29-MCA-aa dyrringany djiringanj, dyirringan Australia (N.S.W.) 0 29-MCB DHURGA net X 29-MCB-a Dhurga Bermagui… Jervis bay Australia (N.S.W.) 0 29-MCB-aa dhurga dhu'rga, durga, thoorga Australia (N.S.W.) 0 29-MD THURAWAL chain "yuin"-N. X 29-MDA THURAWAL net X 29-MDA-a Thurawal Port Hacking… Shoalhaven valley Australia (N.S.W.) 0 29-MDA-aa thurawal-A. dharawal, dharawaal, turrubul Australia (N.S.W.) 0 29-MDA-ab wadiwadi wodiwodi Australia (N.S.W.) 0 29-ME GUNDUNGURA chain X 29-MEA GUNDUNGURA net X 29-MEA-a Gundungura Hawkesbury valley Australia (N.S.W.) 0 29-MEA-aa gundungura gandangara, gundaahmyr Australia (N.S.W.) 0 29-MF DHARUK+ SYDNEY, iyora X DARKINYUNG chain 29-MFA DHARUK+ IYORA net X 29-MFA-a Dharuk+ Iyora Botany bay… Hawkesbury river-mouth… Victoria mountain Australia (N.S.W.) 0 29-MFA-aa iyora Sydney Australia (N.S.W.) 0 29-MFA-ab guringgai Sydney-N. Australia (N.S.W.) 0 29-MFA-ac dharuk daruk, dharug Katoomba… Bathurst Australia (N.S.W.) 0 29-MFB DARKINYUNG net X 29-MFB-a Darkinyung Hawkesbury river-mouth… Hunter Range mountains Australia (N.S.W.) 0 29-MFB-aa darkinyung darkinung, darginyung Australia (N.S.W.) 0 29-MG WORIMI+ KURI, "kuric" X YUGAMBAL chain 29-MGA AWABAKAL net X 29-MGA-a Awabakal awabagal Lake Macquarie Australia (N.S.W.) 0 29-MGA-aa awabakal awabagal Lake Macquarie Australia (N.S.W.) 0 29-MGB WORIMI net gadang X 29-MGB-a Worimi Port Macquarie Australia (N.S.W.) 0 29-MGB-aa worimi kattang, gadhang, gadang Australia (N.S.W.) 0 29-MGC DYANGADI+ NGAGU X net 29-MGC-a Dyangadi+ Ngagu Macleay valley Australia (N.S.W.) 0 29-MGC-aa ngagu Macleay lower right-bank Australia (N.S.W.) 0 29-MGC-ab ngambaa Macleay lower left-bank Australia (N.S.W.) 0 29-MGC-ac dyangadi dainggati, boorkutti, burgadi, dangadi, dangati, danggadi, danggetti, Australia (N.S.W.) 0 ghangatty, tangetti, thangatti, thangatty Macleay middle valley 29-MGD NGAYAYWANA net X 29-MGD-a Nganyaywana Nandewar Range mountains Australia (N.S.W.) 0 29-MGD-aa nganyaywana Inverell-S. Australia (N.S.W.) 0 29-MGE YUGAMBAL net X 29-MGE-a Yugambal Dumaresq river-basin Australia (N.S.W.; Queensland) 0 29-MGE-aa yugam-bal yugumbal, jugumbir, jukamba, manaldjali, minjanbal Inverell-N. Australia (N.S.W.; Queensland) 0 29-N GUMBAYNGGIR+ GUMBAYNGGIRIC X YAYGIR set 29-NA GUMBAYNGGIR X chain 29-NAA GUMBAYNGGIR net X 29-NAA-a Gumbaynggir Nymbolda valley… Nambucca Heads coast Australia (N.S.W.) 0 29-NAA-aa gumbayng-gir kumbainggar, gumbaingari, kumbaingeri Australia (N.S.W.) 0 29-NB YAYGIR chain X 29-NBA YAYGIR net X 29-NBA-a Yaygir Clarence lower valley Australia (N.S.W.) 0 29-NBA-aa yay-gir yegir, yiegera, jeigir, jireigir Australia (N.S.W.) 0 page 216 The Linguasphere Register 1999 / 2000 edition

29-O BANDJALANG+ X YUGUM set 29-OA BANDJALANG+ X YUGUM chain 29-OAA BANDJALANG+ X YUGUM net 29-OAA-a Bandjalang+ Yugum Clarence valley… McPherson Range mountains Australia (N.S.W.; Queensland) 0 29-OAA-aa bandjalang bandjelang Clarence… Richmond valleys Australia (N.S.W.) 0 29-OAA-aaa bogangger* bundala Australia (N.S.W.) 0 29-OAA-aab watchee Australia (N.S.W.) 0 29-OAA-ab biriin Casino-S. Australia (N.S.W.) 0 29-OAA-ac waalu-bal waalu, weela-bal Tabulum Australia (N.S.W.) 0 29-OAA-ad wudje-bal wudje Tentafield Australia (N.S.W.) 0 29-OAA-ae dingga-bal dingga, dingga-bel, gindo-bal Bonalbo Australia (N.S.W.) 0 29-OAA-af gida-bal gida, gida-bel Woodenbong… Warwick Australia (N.S.W.) 0 29-OAA-ag gali-bal gali Kyogle Australia (N.S.W.) 0 29-OAA-ah wiya-bal wiya Lismore… Ballina Australia (N.S.W.) 0 29-OAA-ai ngaraang-bal ngaraang Murwillumbah Australia (N.S.W.) 0 29-OAA-aj yugum-bal yugum, yugum-bir Beaudesert Australia (Queensland; N.S.W.) 0 29-P YAGARA+ GOWAR DURUBULIC X set 29-PA YAGARA+ GOWAR X chain 29-PAA YAGARA net X 29-PAA-a Yagara Brisbane-S.… Warwick Australia (Queensland) 0 29-PAA-aa yagara-bal yagara, jagara, yagara-bul Australia (Queensland) 0 29-PAB DJENDJE+ NUNUN X net 29-PAB-a Djendje+ Nunun Stradbroke island Australia (Queensland) 0 29-PAB-aa djende-wal djende, djanda-wal, tchandi, koenpel, goenpul Stradbroke-S. island Australia (Queensland) 0 29-PAB-ab nunun-bal nunun, nunun-kul, noonu-kul, mundjan Stradbroke-N. island Australia (Queensland) 0 29-PAC GOWAR net X 29-PAC-a Gowar Moreton island Australia (Queensland) 0 29-PAC-aa gowar gooar, ngugi, wodji, wogee Australia (Queensland) 0 29-Q WAGA+ GABI set waka+ "kabic" X 29-QA WAGA+ MURINGAM miyan 2 X chain 29-QAA MURINGAM+ X BARUNGGAM net 29-QAA-a Muringam+ Barwon… Condamine valleys Australia (Queensland) 0 Barunggam 29-QAA-aa muringam murrumningama, murrungama Inglewood… Toowoomba Australia (Queensland) 0 29-QAA-ab barunggam parrungoom Dalby Australia (Queensland) 0 29-QAB GAYABARA net X 29-QAB-a Gayabara Jandowae… Kingaroy Australia (Queensland) 0 29-QAB-aa gayabara Australia (Queensland) 0 29-QAC WAGA+ WULIWULI waka X net 29-QAC-a Waga+ Ngalbu waka "proper", wakka Brisbane… Auburn valleys Australia (Queensland) 0 29-QAC-aa ngundanbi ngundanbbiBrisbane-N.… Tewantin coast Australia (Queensland) 0 29-QAC-ab ngalbu nalbo Australia (Queensland) 0 29-QAC-ac dungibara Brisbane valley Australia (Queensland) 0 29-QAC-ad duungidjawu Brisbane valley Australia (Queensland) 0 29-QAC-ae dalla Brisbane valley Australia (Queensland) 0 29-QAC-af garumga Brisbane valley Australia (Queensland) 0 29-QAC-ag waga-waga wakawaka, enibura, nukunukubara Australia (Queensland) 0 29-QAC-b Wuliwuli Dawson middle valley Australia (Queensland) 0 29-QAC-ba wuli-wuli Dawson middle valley Australia (Queensland) 0 29-QB GABI+ GUWENG THAN, "kabic" X chain 29-QBA GABI+ BADJALA net X 29-QBA-a Gabi+ Badjala Australia (Queensland) 0 29-QBA-aa gabi-gabi Hervey bay… Coast Range mountains Australia (Queensland) 0 29-QBA-ab badjala Fraser island Australia (Queensland) 0 2= AUSTRALASIA geosector Observatoire Linguistique Linguasphere Observatory page 217

29-QBB GUWENG+ X DARIBALANG net 29-QBB-a Daribalang+ Gureng Baffle Creek coast… Auburn Range mountains Australia (Queensland) 0 29-QBB-aa daribalang Baffle Creek coast… Monto Australia (Queensland) 0 29-QBB-ab gureng-gureng Auburn Range mountains Australia (Queensland) 0 29-QBB-b Guweng Bustard Head coast… Dawes Range mountains Australia (Queensland) 0 29-QBB-ba guweng Australia (Queensland) 0 29-QC BAYALI+ KOINJMAL KINGKEL X chain 29-QCA BAYALI+ KOINJMAL X net 29-QCA-a Bayali Curtis island; Calliope valley… Fitzroy river-mouth Australia (Queensland) 0 29-QCA-aa bayali baiali, biyali, biele Australia (Queensland) 0 29-QCA-b Darambal Shoalwater bay… Fitzroy valley Australia (Queensland) 0 29-QCA-ba daram-bal darambal, orambul, urambal, charumbul, darawal, darumbal, ningebal, Australia (Queensland) 0 tarumbal, tharumbal, warabal, yetimarala 29-QCA-c Koinjmal Broad Sound bay Australia (Queensland) 0 29-QCA-ca koinjmal kooinmarburra, kuinmurbara, gonjmal, gunmal, mamburra Australia (Queensland) 0 Palmerston cape… Normanby Range mountains 29-R MARGANY+ "pama+ maric" MUNGKAN set 29-RA MARGANY+ YANDA "maric" chain 29-RAA MARGANY+ MARI GUDJALA net 29-RAA-a Margany+ Bidyara* mari-SW. Great Dividing Range-SW. mountains Australia (Queensland) 1 29-RAA-aa mandandanyi Roma Australia (Queensland) 0 29-RAA-ab guwamu Moonie middle… Maranoa lower valleys Australia (Queensland) 0 29-RAA-ac gunya Wyandra Australia (Queensland) 0 29-RAA-ad margany Quilpie Australia (Queensland) 0 29-RAA-ae nguri ngoorie Maranoa upper valley Australia (Queensland) 0 29-RAA-af bidyara Warrego… Langlo valleys Australia (Queensland) 1 29-RAA-ag wadjalang Adavale Australia (Queensland) 0 29-RAA-ah wadjabangay Blackall Australia (Queensland) 0 29-RAA-b Garingbai+ Wiri* mari-NE. Great Dividing Range-NE. mountains Australia (Queensland) 0 29-RAA-ba yiman Taroom-N. Australia (Queensland) 0 29-RAA-bb gungabula Dawson headwaters: Injune Australia (Queensland) 0 29-RAA-bc garingbal Buckland Tableland plateau Australia (Queensland) 0 29-RAA-bd wadjigu Emerald-S.W. Australia (Queensland) 0 29-RAA-be gangulu Isaac valley Australia (Queensland) 0 29-RAA-bf gayiri Blair Athol-S. Australia (Queensland) 0 29-RAA-bg gabalbara Connor Range-W. mountains Australia (Queensland) 0 29-RAA-bh barna Isaac upper valley Australia (Queensland) 0 29-RAA-bi wangan Logan upper… Fox upper valleys Australia (Queensland) 0 29-RAA-bj yambina Logan lower… Fox lower valleys Australia (Queensland) 0 29-RAA-bk baradha Connor Range-N. mountains Australia (Queensland) 0 29-RAA-bl yuwibara Mackay-W. Australia (Queensland) 0 29-RAA-bm giya Proserpine Australia (Queensland) 0 29-RAA-bn wiri Leichhardt Range-S. mountains Australia (Queensland) 0 29-RAA-bo yangga Suttor lower… Cape lower valleys Australia (Queensland) 0 29-RAA-bp miyan Cape upper valley Australia (Queensland) 0 29-RAA-bq biri Charters Towers-SE. Australia (Queensland) 0 29-RAA-c Yagalingu+ Yilba* mari-NW. Great Dividing Range-NW. mountains Australia (Queensland) 0 29-RAA-ca yagalingu Galilee lake Australia (Queensland) 0 29-RAA-cb yiningay Landsborough valley Australia (Queensland) 0 29-RAA-cc yilba Torrens Creek upper valley Australia (Queensland) 0 29-RAA-d Gudjala+ Warungu* mari-N. Great Dividing Range-N. mountains Australia (Queensland) 0 29-RAA-da gudjala Greenvale-S. Australia (Queensland) 0 29-RAA-db gugu-badhun Greenvale-N. Australia (Queensland) 0 29-RAA-dc warungu Lynd headwaters Australia (Queensland) 0 29-RAB BIRRIA+ kapu X GUNGADUDJI net 29-RAB-a Birria Windorah Australia (Queensland) 0 29-RAB-aa birria Australia (Queensland) 0 page 218 The Linguasphere Register 1999 / 2000 edition

29-RAB-b Gungadudji+ Cooper Creek upper valley… Thomson+ Barcoo lower valleys Australia (Queensland) 0 Gulumali 29-RAB-ba gungadudji kungadutji, gungadidji, palpakunu Yaraka Australia (Queensland) 0 29-RAB-bb gulumali kulumali, ngulangulandji Jundah Australia (Queensland) 0 29-RAB-bc gunggari coongurri, ungorri, gungari, kunggari Nebine upper valley… Australia (Queensland) 0 Mungallala valley 29-RAC YIRANDHALI net X 29-RAC-a Yirandhali Longreach Australia (Queensland) 0 29-RAC-aa yirandhali Australia (Queensland) 0 29-RAD GUWA net X 29-RAD-a Guwa Winton Australia (Queensland) 0 29-RAD-aa guwa Australia (Queensland) 0 29-RAE YANDA net X 29-RAE-a Yanda Selwyn Range-S.E. Australia (Queensland) 0 29-RAE-aa yanda Australia (Queensland) 0 29-RB YURU+ BINDAL chain "nyawaygic" X 29-RBA YURU+ BINDAL net X 29-RBA-a Yuru Bowen… Ayr Australia (Queensland) 0 29-RBA-aa yuru juru Australia (Queensland) 0 29-RBA-b Bindal Ayr… Townsville Australia (Queensland) 0 29-RBA-ba bindal bindel Australia (Queensland) 0 29-RBA-c Wulguru-Kaba Townsville Palm… Magnetic islands Australia (Queensland) 0 29-RBA-ca wulguru-kaba wulguru-gaba Australia (Queensland) 0 29-RBA-d Nyawaygi Townsville… Ingham Australia (Queensland) 0 29-RBA-da nyawaygi Australia (Queensland) 0 29-RC DYIRBAL+ YIDINY "dyirbalic"+ "yidinic" chain 29-RCA DYIRBAL+ BANDYIN DYIRBALIC net 29-RCA-a Warrgamay+ Biyay Herbert lower valley Australia (Queensland) 0 29-RCA-aa biyay warrgamay-S. Ingham Australia (Queensland) 0 29-RCA-ab warrga-may warga Australia (Queensland) 0 29-RCA-b Bandyin Hinchinbrook island Australia (Queensland) 0 29-RCA-ba bandyin Australia (Queensland) 0 29-RCA-c Dyirbal djirubal Herbert upper valley… Tully coast Australia (Queensland) 1 29-RCA-ca girra-may girra Australia (Queensland) 1 29-RCA-cb walmal-barra walmal Australia (Queensland) 0 29-RCA-cc dyiru djiru Australia (Queensland) 0 29-RCA-cd guln-gay guln, guln-gui Australia (Queensland) 0 29-RCA-ce dyabun-barra dyabun, dyabun-barra-dyirbal Australia (Queensland) 0 29-RCA-cf dyirri-barra dyirri, dyirri-barra-mamu Australia (Queensland) 0 29-RCA-cg dulgu-barra dulgu, dulgu-barra-mamu Australia (Queensland) 0 29-RCA-ch wari-barra wari, wari-barra-mamu Australia (Queensland) 0 29-RCA-ci ngadyan Australia (Queensland) 0 29-RCA-cj gambil-barra gambil, gambil-barra-dyirrbal Australia (Queensland) 1 29-RCB YIDINY+ DYAABU net "yidinic" X 29-RCB-a Yidiny idinji, bool-boora, deba, eneby, gerrah, gijow, gillah, guwa-mal, idin, Australia (Queensland) 0 idindji, idin-wudjar, indindji, jidindji, kitba, maimbie, mungera-ohalo, pegullo-bura, warra-warra, warry-boora, woggil, yetinji, yiddinji, yidin, yidindji, yitintyi, yukka-burra Cairns-S. 29-RCB-aa wanyurr Australia (Queensland) 0 29-RCB-ab mad-yay mad Australia (Queensland) 0 29-RCB-ac yidiny-A. yidiny "proper" Australia (Queensland) 0 29-RCB-ad gung-gay gung Australia (Queensland) 0 29-RCB-b Dyaabu+ Gulay "wider" dyaabu, bulum-bulum, check-cull, chewlie, hileman, kodgotto, Australia (Queensland) 0 kiko-njunkulu, koko-nyungalo, koko-tjumbundji, ngarlkajie, orlow, tjabakai-thandji, tjabo-gaijanji, tjankir, tjankun, tjapun-kandji, tjunbundji Cairns… Port Douglas 29-RCB-ba yir-gay yir Australia (Queensland) 0 29-RCB-bb bul-way bul Australia (Queensland) 0 29-RCB-bc gulay guluy Australia (Queensland) 0 29-RCB-bd dyaabu-gay dyaabu, dyaabu-gay "proper", dyabu-gay, djabu-gai, tjapu-kai Australia (Queensland) 0 29-RCB-be njakali nyakali, nyagali Australia (Queensland) 0 2= AUSTRALASIA geosector Observatoire Linguistique Linguasphere Observatory page 219

29-RD DYANGUN+ YALANDIC YALANDYI chain 29-RDA DYANGUN+ YALANDYI net 29-RDA-a Muluridyi Mitchell headwaters… Carbine mountain Australia (Queensland) 0 29-RDA-aa muluridyi binjara, kokomoloroij, kokomoloroitji, kookanoona, molloroidyi, Australia (Queensland) 0 mooloroiji, mularitchee, mullridgey, mulurutji, waluridji 29-RDA-b Djangun Walsh… Mitchell valleys Australia (Queensland) 0 29-RDA-ba djangun djanggun, adho-adhom, butju, chungki, chunkumberries, Australia (Queensland) 0 chunkunburra, koko-mudju, mutyu, ngaigungo, koko-tyankun 29-RDA-c Gugu-Yalandyi Bloomfield valley Australia (Queensland) 2 29-RDA-ca gugu-yalandyi kuku-yalanji, gugu-yalanji, koko-yalanji, kuku-yalangi Australia (Queensland) 2 29-RDA-d Gugu-Yimidhirr gugu-yimidjir Cooktown-N. Australia (Queensland) 2 29-RDA-da guuguu-yimidhirr-W. "coastal" guuguu-yimidhirr Australia (Queensland) 29-RDA-db guuguu-yimidhirr-E. "inland" guuguu-yimidhirr Australia (Queensland) 29-RE 'BARROW-POINT' X chain 29-REA 'BARROW-POINT' X net 29-REA-a 'Barrow-Point' Barrow Point-S. coast Australia (Queensland) 0 29-REA-aa 'barrow-point' #own name unknown Australia (Queensland) 0 29-RF WALMBARIA chain FLINDERS-ISLAND X 29-RFA WALMBARIA net X 29-RFA-a Walmbaria Princess Charlotte bay Australia (Queensland) 0 29-RFA-aa walmbaria-A. Flinders islands… Cape York peninsula Australia (Queensland) 0 29-RFA-ab mug-ngambaram Flinders islands… Cape York peninsula Australia (Queensland) 0 29-RG KALA-LAGAW-YA MABULAGIC chain 29-RGA KALA-LAGAW-YA net 29-RGA-a Kala-Lagaw-Ya Torres-Strait-Islands, kala-yagaw-ya, yagar-yagar, mabuiagic, kala- Australia (Queensland) 3 lagau-langgus, langus, kala-lagaw, including kalaw-kawaw Torres Strait-N. islands in competition with [52=] Langgus creole 29-RGA-aa boigu kala-lagaw-ya-N., boogu, bulgai, buglial Boigu, Talbot island Australia (Queensland) 2 29-RGA-ab dauan dausan, kala-lagaw-ya-N. 2 Dauan, Turnagain island Australia (Queensland) 2 29-RGA-ac saibai kala-lagaw-ya-N. 3 Saibai island Australia (Queensland) 2 29-RGA-ad mabuiag kala-lagaw-ya-C. Moa… Badu… Mabuiag islands Australia (Queensland) 3 29-RGA-ada mabuiag-A. Mabuiag, Jervis island (Queensland) 29-RGA-adb badu Badu, Mulgrave island (Queensland) 29-RGA-adc moa Moa, Banks island (Queensland) 29-RGA-ae muralag maralaig, morolag Prince of Wales… Thursday islands Australia (Queensland) 29-RGA-af kaurareg Horn island Australia (Queensland) 29-RGA-ag muri Mount Adolphus island Australia (Queensland) 29-RGA-ah yam jam, iama Turtle-Backed island Australia (Queensland) 29-RGA-ai tutu Warrior island Australia (Queensland) 29-RGA-aj masig Yorke island Australia (Queensland) 29-RH YUMUKU+ GUGADJ PAMA, "paman" X chain 29-RHA YUMUKU+ MBIY net pama-N., "cape york", wik-way, wik-waya, way, waya X 29-RHA-a Yumuku+ Angkamu Cap York cape… Port Musgrove bay Australia (Queensland) 0 29-RHA-aa yumuku-ntyi yumuku, yumiku-ndji, jumagu-ndji, jamagun, jamagun-dji Cape York Australia (Queensland) 0 cape… Jardine river-mouth 29-RHA-ab atampaya atambaia Eliot Creek valley Australia (Queensland) 0 29-RHA-ac angkamu-thi angkamu, anggamu-di, ankamu-ti, ambaigan, oiyankwi Vrilya Point Australia (Queensland) 0 coast 29-RHA-ad apukwe Australia (Queensland) 0 29-RHA-ae utyangikwa-thia utyangikwa Skardon… Eliot headwaters Australia (Queensland) 0 29-RHA-b Yaray+ Wudha Orfordness… Cape Grenville coast Australia (Queensland) 0 29-RHA-ba yaray-tyana yaray, jaraidjana, yaraikana, gadaigan, yardigan Jardine valley… Australia (Queensland) 0 Orfordness cape 29-RHA-bb mutya-nthi mutya Shelburne-N. bay Australia (Queensland) 0 29-RHA-bc wudha-dhi wudha, otati, wotadi, wutati, wik-wudja-di-wudja-di Shelburne-S. bay Australia (Queensland) 0 29-RHA-c Ura+ Tjungu Port Musgrave bay… North Alice… Dulhunty valleys Australia (Queensland) 0 29-RHA-ca ura-dhi ura, ora-dhi North Alice Creek… Dulhunty upper valleys Australia (Queensland) 0 29-RHA-cb tjungu-ndji tjungu Port Musgrave bay: Cullen Point cape Australia (Queensland) 0 29-RHA-d Mpali+ Lu Dulcie upper valley… Wenlock middle valley Australia (Queensland) 0 29-RHA-da mpali-tyanh mpali, mpali-tjan, mbali-djan Dulcie headwaters Australia (Queensland) 0 29-RHA-db lu-thigh lu, lotiga, lutig, ludigh, idjokara, o'kara Wenlock middle valley Australia (Queensland) 0 page 220 The Linguasphere Register 1999 / 2000 edition

29-RHA-e Awng+ Yup Wenlock… Mission valleys Australia (Queensland) 0 29-RHA-ea awng-thim awng Embley… Mission valleys Australia (Queensland) 0 29-RHA-eb anda'-angeti anda', andrendjandring Australia (Queensland) 0 29-RHA-ec tjan-ngayth tjan Australia (Queensland) 0 29-RHA-ed mam-ngayt mam Australia (Queensland) 0 29-RHA-ee ntra'-angith ntra', ndru'-angit, nrwa'a, ndru'-angid Australia (Queensland) 0 29-RHA-ef winda-winda windu-winda, winaranga Australia (Queensland) 0 29-RHA-eg yup-ngayth yup, yupa, yupa-nayt, nggerikudi Wenlock lower valley Australia (Queensland) 0 29-RHA-f Al+ Lin Albatross bay Australia (Queensland) 0 29-RHA-fa daini-guid daini, taini-kuit, tani-kuiti Albatross-N. bay Australia (Queensland) 0 29-RHA-fb al-ngith al Albatross-E. bay Australia (Queensland) 0 29-RHA-fc ngkoth nggod, ngkot, ngor, ngot Albatross bay: Embley+ Hey-S. confluence Australia (Queensland) 0 29-RHA-fd trotj troty Albatross bay Australia (Queensland) 0 29-RHA-fe ladam-ngid ladam, latam-ngit, latan-geti Albatross-S. bay Australia (Queensland) 0 29-RHA-ff lin-ngithigh lin, lin-ngithig, leni-ngitij Albatross bay Australia (Queensland) 0 29-RHA-g Yin Batavia Downs Australia (Queensland) 0 29-RHA-ga yin-wum yin, gin-wum, tin-wum, jinwun Australia (Queensland) 0 29-RHA-h Aritin+ Ntra Archer bay Australia (Queensland) 0 29-RHA-ha aritin-ngithigh aritin Pera Head coast Australia (Queensland) 0 29-RHA-hb ntra-ngith ntra, ntra'-ngith Aurukun>N. Australia (Queensland) 0 29-RHA-i Mbiy Watson upper… Myall Creek valleys Australia (Queensland) 0 29-RHA-ia mbiy-wom mbiy, mbii-wun, kok-mbi-wan, mbi-wan, mbiy-won Australia (Queensland) 0 29-RHB YA'U+ KANJU net pama-N.E. 29-RHB-a Ya'u Temple-S. bay Australia (Queensland) 2 29-RHB-aa kuuku-ya'u ya'u, ya'o, koko-ja'o, koko-yao, ja'o, yao, bagadji, pakadji Temple-S. Australia (Queensland) 2 bay… Pascoe valley 29-RHB-b Kanju kandju, kaantyu, gandju, gandanju, kamdhue, kandyu, kanyu, karnu, Australia (Queensland) 1 jabuda, neogulada, yaldiye-ho Archer upper… Geikie… Coen middle… Lockhart valleys 29-RHB-ba iju Australia (Queensland) 29-RHB-bb i'o Australia (Queensland) 29-RHB-bc j'aalo Australia (Queensland) 29-RHB-bd wija-mo wija Australia (Queensland) 29-RHB-be kokino kokin-oh Australia (Queensland) 29-RHB-bf ndhyrl Australia (Queensland) 29-RHB-c Umpila Lockhart River Mission… Sidmouth cape Australia (Queensland) 2 29-RHB-ca umpila-A. ombila, umbila, oombilla Australia (Queensland) 2 29-RHB-cb djandjanagu Australia (Queensland) 29-RHC GANGANDA+ lamalama, "lamalamic", kulamak, funggufan, been-gee-warra, X BINDAGA net baganambia 29-RHC-a Ganganda jindingga, jindgingga, ndindingga McIlwraith mountains… Sidmouth Australia (Queensland) 0 cape… Princess Charlotte bay 29-RHC-aa umbindha-mu umbindha- Australia (Queensland) 0 29-RHC-ab umbuyga-mu umbuyga, umbuiga-mu Australia (Queensland) 0 29-RHC-b Wurangung awurangung Saltwater Creek river-mouth… Musgrave mountains Australia (Queensland) 0 29-RHC-ba angandjan Australia (Queensland) 0 29-RHC-bb arlga Australia (Queensland) 0 29-RHC-bc m-bariman ambaram, bariman+ gudhinma Australia (Queensland) 0 29-RHC-bd gudhinma bariman+ gudhinma 2, puran-gunuma Australia (Queensland) 0 29-RHC-be jadeneni yadaneru, jeteneru, jetieneru Australia (Queensland) 0 29-RHC-bf owynggan awurangung Australia (Queensland) 0 29-RHC-bg taipan daiban Australia (Queensland) 0 29-RHC-c Bindaga Princess Charlotte bay… Red Bluff mountains Australia (Queensland) 0 29-RHC-ca mbambyl-mu mbambyl Princess Charlotte bay Australia (Queensland) 0 29-RHC-cb mudu-mui mudu, mutu-mui, basthon, baulam Bathurst bay… Starcke valley Australia (Queensland) 0 29-RHC-cc njegudi negodi, njekodi, munbara Starcke valley… Flattery cape Australia (Queensland) 0 29-RHC-cd lamula-mu lamula, lamalama, lamula-mul, koko-lamalama Princess Charlotte Australia (Queensland) 0 bay… North Kennedy+ Normanby valleys 29-RHC-ce gugu-warra koko-wara, wi-jaram, jaram, "lama-deighton" Normanby middle+ Australia (Queensland) 0 Laura valleys 2= AUSTRALASIA geosector Observatoire Linguistique Linguasphere Observatory page 221

29-RHD RARMUL+ JAWAN X net 29-RHD-a Rarmul+ Jawan Musgrave… Laura mountains Australia (Queensland) 0 29-RHD-aa koko-rarmul rarmul, aburarm Australia (Queensland) 0 29-RHD-ab thaypan Australia (Queensland) 0 29-RHD-ac jawan koko-yawa, yawa, jouon, yoyah, djawa, jawa Hann upper… Kennedy Australia (Queensland) 0 upper valleys 29-RHD-ad aghu-laia laia, aku-laia Hann valley Australia (Queensland) 0 29-RHD-ae aghu-tharnggala tharnggala, aghu-tharnggalu, agu-tarnggele, aku-danggela, tharnggalu, Australia (Queensland) 0 arnggele, danggela, darnggele, darngelle, ok-anggul, anggul Laura 29-RHE MUNGKAN+ KUNJEN* net 29-RHE-a Mungkan+ Tayor "middle" pama Archer bay: Aurukun… Alice valley Australia (Queensland) 3 29-RHE-aa wik-mungkan mungkan, "vehicular" wik-munkan, wik-mungkana, mungkana, Australia (Queensland) 3 munkan, Aurukun… Edward valley 29-RHE-ab wik-ompoma ompoma, wik-ampama, wig-ambama, gambana, wik-ompman, Australia (Queensland) 0 ampama, ambama, ompman, kokiala Watson+ Archer middle valleys… displaced to Aurukun 29-RHE-ac wik-keyangan keyangan Aurukun-SE. Australia (Queensland) 0 29-RHE-ad wik-alkan alkan, wig-algan, algan, alkin, kalkin, wik-kolon, kolon Archer+ Australia (Queensland) 1 Holroyd valleys 29-RHE-ae wik-ngathana ngathana Aurukun-S. coast Australia (Queensland) 2 29-RHE-af kuku-ugbanh ugbanh, kugu-ugbanh Aurukun>S. coast Australia (Queensland) 0 29-RHE-ag kuku-muminh muminh, kugu-muminh, wik-muminh, wik-mumin Aurukun>S. coast Australia (Queensland) 1 29-RHE-ah kuku-uwanh uwanh, kugu-uwanh Aurukun>S. coast Australia (Queensland) 1 29-RHE-ai kuku-mu'inh mu'inh, kugu-mu'inh Aurukun>S. coast Australia (Queensland) 0 29-RHE-aj kuku-mangk mangk, kugu-mangk Aurukun>S. coast Australia (Queensland) 0 29-RHE-ak wik-ngatara ngatara, wik-ngathara, wik-ngatharra, ngathera, ngatharra, charra, Australia (Queensland) 0 natarra, wooli Cape Keerweer-N. coast 29-RHE-al wik-epa epa, wik-eba, wik-eppe, eba, eppe Cape Kerweer cape Australia (Queensland) 0 29-RHE-am wik-me'anha me'anha, wik-mean, wik-mejan, wik-me'ana, wik-me'nha, mean, mejan, Australia (Queensland) 1 me'ana, me'nh Cape Kerweer cape>E. 29-RHE-an wik-ngadanja ngadanja, wik-njatna, wik-natanja, njatna, natanja, natanya Kendall Australia (Queensland) river-mouth 29-RHE-ao kuku-yak yak Holroyd left-bank Australia (Queensland) 29-RHE-ap wik-ngenchera ngenchera, ngandjara, ngantjeri, wik-nantjara, wik-njintura, wik- Australia (Queensland) 1 ayangenchya, nantjara, njintura, ayangenchya Holroyd… Edward river-mouths… displaced to Aurukun 29-RHE-aq koko-tayor tayor, kuuk-thaayoore, thaayoore, thayore, thaayore, thayorre, taior, Australia (Queensland) 2 gugu-dayor, dayor, kuk-tayor, kuku-dayore, tayore, thayorr, koko- daajor Edward… Coleman lower valleys… displaced to Coleman River Mission 29-RHE-ar behran Edward… Coleman lower valleys Australia (Queensland) 2 29-RHE-as wik-iiyanh iiyanh Coen-S.W. Australia (Queensland) 1 29-RHE-at koka-ayabadhu ayabadhu, koka-aiebadu, aiebadu, abadja, apatya, badja, wik-paach, Australia (Queensland) 0 paach Coleman-N. upper valley 29-RHE-au pakanha Coleman-S. valley Australia (Queensland) 0 29-RHE-b Yoront+ Tutiym pama-W. Coleman… Mitchell river-mouths Australia (Queensland) 1 29-RHE-ba yir-yoront yoront, jir-joront, jir-jorond, joront, jorond, gamba'wandh, gwandera Australia (Queensland) 1 29-RHE-bb yir-thangedl thangedl, yir-tangettle, tangettle, dangedl, dhanu'un, djudjan Australia (Queensland) Coleman lower valley… Mitchell river-mouth 29-RHE-bc yir-tutiym tutiym, dudjym, djudjan, yir-djudjam, djudam Australia (Queensland) 29-RHE-bd koko-mindjen-N. mandjoen, koko-mind'jana, mind'jana, mundjun, mindjin, myunduno, Australia (Queensland) mynduno, gor-minang, gor-minag, minang, minag 29-RHE-be yir-mel* mel, jir-mel, mel-jir, millera Australia (Queensland) 29-RHE-c Bera+ Wab "coastal"-pama Mitchell lower… Staaten lower valleys Australia (Queensland) 1 29-RHE-ca gugu-bera bera, kuku-bera, koko-bera, koko-pera, pera, berang, paperyn Australia (Queensland) 1 29-RHE-cb anavilla Australia (Queensland) 29-RHE-cc badedj Australia (Queensland) 29-RHE-cd ninggora Australia (Queensland) 29-RHE-ce wab Australia (Queensland) 29-RHE-cf kwanthar Australia (Queensland) 29-RHE-d Kunjen+ Kaurang pama-C. Alice… Mitchell… Palmer river-basin.… Staaten upper Australia (Queensland) 1 valley 29-RHE-da oy-kangand kangand, oi-kand, wanggara Alice upper valley Australia (Queensland) 1 29-RHE-db ow-oilkulla oilkulla, koko-olkulo, olkulo, olgol, olgel, ulkulu, olkolo, wulgulu, olgolo, Australia (Queensland) 1 wugurin, okangol, kokonggol Alice upper valley page 222 The Linguasphere Register 1999 / 2000 edition

29-RHE-dc o-kaurang kaurang, kawarrangg, kauwarang, wugurin Palmer lower valley Australia (Queensland) 0 29-RHE-dd gogo-mini mini, koko-mini, akunkun, koo-gaminny, mirkin Palmer… Mitchell Australia (Queensland) middle valleys 29-RHE-de o-kunjen kunjen, o-gondyan, koko-gundjun, gondyan, gundjun, koonjan, Australia (Queensland) 1 ngundjan, gugu-minjen, kuku-mindjen-S., o-kundjain, o-kunjan, ku- ritjaal, ku-tjel, o-gentjel, wu-gundjal, gudjal Staaten upper valley 29-RHE-e Gurdjar+ Kuthant "norman" pama Staaten lower… Norman lower valleys Australia (Queensland) 1 29-RHE-ea areba 'araba, ariba, ngariba Staaten… Gilbert valleys Australia (Queensland) 0 29-RHE-eb gurdjar kurtjjar, gudjera, gurjurb Gilbert valley Australia (Queensland) 1 29-RHE-ec kunggara gunggara, kunggera, goom-gharra, goodarra, goongarra Norman Australia (Queensland) 0 lower… Gilbert lower valleys 29-RHE-ed kuthant Norman lower right-bank Australia (Queensland) 0 29-RHF WAMIN+ BABARAM* pama-S. X net 29-RHF-a Wamin+ Dagalag Wyaaba… Pelican… Stawell valleys Australia (Queensland) 0 29-RHF-aa walangama wollangama Einasleigh+ Gilbert confluence Australia (Queensland) 0 29-RHF-ab ag-wamin wamin, ak-waumin, a'-wamin, e-wamin, wajmin, wallamin, wominin Australia (Queensland) 0 Einasleigh middle… Einasleigh upper valley 29-RHF-ac dagalag tagalag, ag-wanggala, janggula, ndagalag, radagarlag, takalak, Australia (Queensland) 0 yankala, yang-kula, taragalag, shanganburra Gilbert middle… Einasleigh middle valleys 29-RHF-b Babaram+ Walsh… Lynd headwaters Australia (Queensland) 0 Gaygungu* 29-RHF-ba m-babaram babaram, booburam, morruburra, wum-barbaram, barbaram Walsh Australia (Queensland) 0 upper valley 29-RHF-bb n-gaygungu gaygungu, ngaigungo Tate upper… Lynd upper valleys Australia (Queensland) 0 29-RHF-c Bara* Stawell right-bank Australia (Queensland) 0 29-RHF-ca m-bara bara, am-bara Australia (Queensland) 0 29-RHG GUGADJ+ MAYABI X net 29-RHG-a Gugadj "flinders" pama Flinders lower valley… Norman lower valley Australia (Queensland) 0 29-RHG-aa gugadj Australia (Queensland) 0 29-RHG-b Mayabi+ Wunumara "mayabic" Leichardt+ Cloncurry+ Flinders river-basin Australia (Queensland) 0* 29-RHG-ba maya-guduna guduna, mayi-kutuna Leichhardt… Flinders valleys ¶presumed Australia (Queensland) 0* extinct by 1990's 29-RHG-bb maya-gulan gulan, may-kulan, mayi-kulan Cloncurry middle valley: Canobie Australia (Queensland) 0 29-RHG-bc ngawun Flinders upper… Norman uppervalleys Australia (Queensland) 0 29-RHG-bd maya-bi bi Cloncurry middle left-bank Australia (Queensland) 0 29-RHG-be mayi-yapi yapi Julia lower valley Australia (Queensland) 0 29-RHG-bf mayi-dhagurdi dhagurdi Gilliat… Julia upper valleys Australia (Queensland) 0 29-RHG-bg wunumara Selwyrn Range-E. mountains: Gilliat+ Eastern headwaters Australia (Queensland) 0 29-S GALIBAMU set X 29-SA GALIBAMU chain X 29-SAA GALIBAMU net X 29-SAA-a Galibamu Gregory… Leichhardt river-mouths Australia (Queensland) 0 29-SAA-aa galibamu-A. kalibamu, gadjibamu, golbiri Australia (Queensland) 0 29-SAA-ab kukatji* Australia (Queensland) 0 29-T LARDIL+ JAKULA TANGIC, "tangkic" set 29-TA LARDIL+ JAKULA chain 29-TAA LARDIL+ JAKULA net 29-TAA-a Gayardilt Bentinck island Australia (Queensland) 1 29-TAA-aa gayardilt gajadilt, gajardild, gayadilt, kaiadilt, malununda Australia (Queensland) 1 29-TAA-b Lardil Mornington… Forsyth islands Australia (Queensland) 1 29-TAA-ba lardil-A. ladil, lardill, laierdila, kunana Australia (Queensland) 1 29-TAA-bb daamin damin secret language Australia (Queensland) 29-TAA-c Jakula Albert … Calvert lower valleys Australia (Queensland; N.T.) 0 29-TAA-ca ganggalida ganggalita, jugula, jakula, yukala, yukulta, yugulda, yokula, wugulda Australia (Queensland) 0 Albert lower valley 29-TAA-cb nyangga janga, jangaa, jangga, njangga, yanggal, jang-kala, njanggala, Australia (Queensland; N.T.) 0 yangarella, yuckamurri Lagoon Creek…Calvert lower valleys 2= AUSTRALASIA geosector Observatoire Linguistique Linguasphere Observatory page 223

29-U KALKUTUNG+ GALGADUNIC X YALARNNGA set 29-UA KALKUTUNG+ X YALARNNGA chain 29-UAA KALKUTUNG net X 29-UAA-a Kalkutung Selwyn Range mountains Australia (Queensland) 0 29-UAA-aa kalkutung galgaduun, galgadungu, kalkatungu, kalkadoon Mount Isa… Australia (Queensland) 0 Cloncurry-S. 29-UAB YALARNNGA net X 29-UAB-a Yalarnnga Wills… Burke upper valleys Australia (Queensland) 0 29-UAB-aa yalarnnga jalanga, yelina, yellanga, yellunga Australia (Queensland) 0 29-V WAGAYA+ X WARLUWARA set 29-VA WARLUWARA+ warluwara-thawa, "warluwaric" X NGUBURINDI* chain 29-VAA WARLUWARA+ X NGUBURINDI* net 29-VAA-a Warluwara Georgina middle valley Australia (Queensland) 0 29-VAA-aa warluwara maula, mauula, mawula, walookera, walugera, waluwara, wollegara, Australia (Queensland) 0 yunnalinka Roxborough Downs 29-VAA-b Wurgabunga Gunpowder valley Australia (Queensland) 0 29-VAA-ba wurgabunga Waggabundi Australia (Queensland) 0 29-VAA-c Nguburindi Gregory+ O'Shanassy valleys Australia (Queensland) 0 29-VAA-ca nguburindi ngoborundji Morstone-N. Australia (Queensland) 0 29-VAA-d Yindjilandji Barkly Tableland-C. plateau Australia (N.T.) 0 29-VAA-da yindjilandji Mount Morgan mountain Australia (N.T.) 0 29-VB WAGAYA chain X 29-VBA WAGAYA net X 29-VBA-a Wagaya James… Herbert valleys Australia (N.T.; Queensland) 0 29-VBA-aa wagaya wakaya, waagai, waagi, wagai, wagaja, waggaia, wakaja, wakkaja, Australia (N.T.; Queensland 0 warkya, worgai, worgaia, workia, lee-wakya, ukkia Lake Nash… adjacent) Avon Downs+ Camooweal 29-W WARUMUNGU set 29-WA WARUMUNGU chain 29-WAA WARUMUNGU net 29-WAA-a Warumungu Renner Springs… Devil's Marble Australia (N.T.) 2 29-WAA-aa warumungu warramunga Tennant Creek… Rockhampton Downs Australia (N.T.) 2 29-X ARANDA+ GAIDIDJ ARANDIC set 29-XA GAIDIDJ chain 29-XAA GAIDIDJ net 29-XAA-a Gaididj Davenport Range… Murchison Range mountains Australia (N.T.) 2 29-XAA-aa gaididj kaiditj, kaititj, kaddakie, kaitije, kaitish, kaititcha, katitya, artuya Australia (N.T.) 2 Barrow Creek-N. 29-XB ARANDA+ urtwa ALYAWARR chain 29-XBA ARANDA+ "wider" aranda ARRERNTE net 29-XBA-a Anmatjirra Stuart Bluff Range-E.… Hann Range mountains Australia (N.T.) 1 29-XBA-aa anmatjirra anmadjera, imatjera, umatjera, urmitchee Aileron Australia (N.T.) 1 29-XBA-b Aranda-W.+ aranda-W., aranda "proper" Macdonnell Ranges mountains… Australia (N.T.; S.A.) 3 Pirdima Alberga valley 29-XBA-ba aranda-W. Macdonnell Ranges… Seymour Range mountains Australia (N.T.) 3 29-XBA-bb akerre* akara Australia (N.T.) 29-XBA-bc pirdima aranda-S. Finke… Alberga valleys Australia (N.T.; S.A.) 0 29-XBA-c Arrernte aranda-E.Simpson, Arunta desert Australia (N.T.) 3 29-XBA-ca arrernte arran'da, arunda, arunndta, arunta Hale valley Australia (N.T.) 3 29-XBB ALYAWARR net 29-XBB-a Alyawarr Sandover… Tennant Creek… Hatches Creek… Lucy Creek Australia (N.T.; Queensland) 3 29-XBB-aa alyawarr alyawarra, alyawarre, aljawara, yowera, iliaura Australia (N.T.; Queensland) 3 29-XBC ANDAGEREBINHA X net 29-XBC-a Andagerebinha Hay upper… Georgina upper valleys ¶extinct Australia (N.T.; Queensland 0 adjacent) 29-XBC-aa andagerebinha-A. andakerebina, andaagerebina, walwallie, williwilli, yanindo Hay Australia (N.T.; Queensland 0 upper… Pituri Creek upper valleys adjacent) 29-XBC-ab yuruwinga jaroinga, yarrowin, yorrowinga Woodroffe… Georgina upper valleys Australia (N.T.; Queensland 0 adjacent) page 224 The Linguasphere Register 1999 / 2000 edition

29-Y MARRAWAH+ TASMANIAN notional set ¶The total ethnic clearance of Tasmania Australia (Tasmania) KAOOTA* was undertaken between 1805 and 1830, by speakers of [52=] notional set English. The last 200 survivors were deported in 1829-34 to Flinders and other small offshore islands, and the last Tasmanian languages were effectively extinct before 1900 The only data are a few poorly recorded wordlists from 19th cent. and recordings of the last partial speakers in the early 20th. Degrees of relationship among Tasmanian languages and their affinities to languages of mainland Australia cannot be accurately judged, and the following classification is largely notional (and certainly simplified). It provides a framework to be checked and amplified against every surviving scrap of information on the peoples and languages of Tasmania #Reconstructed linguistic divisions have hitherto been labelled by points of the compass and foreign place-names. They are here renamed with place-names of apparent local origin. 29-YA MARRAWAH+ TASMANIAN-WEST WARATAH* chain 29-YAA MARRAWAH+ WARATAH* net 29-YAA-a Marrawah+ Temma* Tasmanian-West-Coast Australia (Tasmania)  29-YAA-aa marrawah* Marrawah… Australia (Tasmania) 29-YAA-ab temma* Temma coast… Macquarie Harbour, Gordon estuary Australia (Tasmania) 29-YAA-ac tullah* Tullah… Ossa highlands Australia (Tasmania) 29-YAA-ad 'lake-pedder'* Pedder lake… Australia (Tasmania) 29-YAA-ae 'south-east-cape'* Macquarie Harbour, Gordon estuary… South-East Cape coast Australia (Tasmania) 29-YAA-b Warratah+ Tasmanian-Northwest Australia (Tasmania)  Mawbanna* 29-YAA-ba mawbanna* Mawbanna… Port Latta… Australia (Tasmania) 29-YAA-bb warratah* Waratah… Devonport Australia (Tasmania) 29-YB KAOOTA+ WEETAH* TASMANIAN-EAST Australia (Tasmania) chain 29-YBA KAOOTA+ WEETAH* Australia (Tasmania) net 29-YBA-a Weetah+ Winnaleah* Tasmanian-Northeast Australia (Tasmania)  29-YBA-aa weetah* Weetah… Australia (Tasmania) 29-YBA-ab winnaleah* Winnaleah… Australia (Tasmania) 29-YBA-ac 'lagoons'* Lagoons coast Australia (Tasmania) 29-YBA-b Tarraleah+ Tasmanian-Mid-East, including "big river" Australia (Tasmania)  Triabunna* 29-YBA-ba tarraleah+ Tarraleah… Waddamana lakes & highlands Australia (Tasmania) waddamana* 29-YBA-bb triabunnah* "oyster bay" Triabunnah… Oyster Bay coast Australia (Tasmania)

29-YBA-bc nubeena+ Tasman+ Forestier peninsula: Nubeena… Murdunna Australia (Tasmania) murdunna* 29-YBA-c Kaoota+ Moogara* Tasmanian-Southeast Australia (Tasmania)  29-YBA-ca moogara* Moogara… Australia (Tasmania) 29-YBA-cb kaoota* Kaoota… Australia (Tasmania) 29-YBA-cc 'weld-valley' Weld valley Australia (Tasmania) 29-YBA-cd 'prion-bay' Prion Bay coast Australia (Tasmania) 29-YBA-ce alonnah* Bruny island: Alonnah… Australia (Tasmania)