DOCSLIB.ORG

Download Community Ecology Free Ebook

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Download Community Ecology Free Ebook COMMUNITY ECOLOGY DOWNLOAD FREE BOOK Gary G. Mittelbach | 350 pages | 01 Jul 2012 | Sinauer Associates Inc.,U.S. | 9780878935093 | English | Sunderland, United States 4.4 Community Ecology Robert Ricklefs has argued that it is more useful to think of communities on a regional scale, drawing on evolutionary taxonomy and biogeography[1] where some species or clades evolve Community Ecology others go extinct. For example, the time of day a species hunts or the prey it hunts. Community Ecology pollinating the flowers of angiospermsis another example. Researchers continue to investigate the extent to which species' interactions can result in a unit organized enough to be considered a coherent community. September Therefore, in order to fully understand the effect that humankind has upon our environment, knowledge of community ecology is needed. The a honey locust Community Ecology uses thorns, a Community Ecology defense, against herbivores, while the Community Ecology foxglove uses a chemical defense: toxins produces by the plant can cause nausea, vomiting, hallucinations, convulsions, or death when consumed. Perhaps the classical example of species interaction is the predator-prey relationship. Many Community Ecology eat both plants and other animals and therefore feed at more than one trophic level. This cycling of predator and prey population sizes has a period of approximately ten years, with the predator Community Ecology lagging one to two years behind the prey population. The photosynthetic corals of the coral reef also Community Ecology structure by physically modifying the environment Figure Predation and Herbivory Figure 1. Often what is described is a component of a community rather than a whole community made up of many different species of plants and animals. Journal of Animal Ecology. Patil, USA V. First, elephants and buffalo eat the tall, coarse grasses and then move on. Retrieved October 16, from Encyclopedia. The host evolves to protect themselves from the parasite and the parasite evolves to overcome this restriction. This aids the movement of other organisms in the community such as frogs. Share This Book Share on Twitter. Predation is density dependantoften leading to population cycles. Another keystone species is the banded tetra, a fish in tropical streams, which supplies nearly all of the phosphorus, a necessary inorganic nutrient, to the rest of the community. Also, Community Ecology understanding of community structure is vital to predict the effects of decline in, or extinction of, species loss of diversity. Other factors besides latitude influence species richness as well. Curtis, Helena, and N. Why do some places contain more species than others? October 16, Anand and V. The exoskeletons of living and dead coral make up most of the reef structure, which protects many other species from waves Community Ecology ocean currents. The termite itself cannot do this; without the protozoa, it would not be able to obtain energy from its food cellulose from the wood it chews and eats. The competition within a species is greater than the competition between species. Keystone Species. Ecological Monographs. Community ecology is concerned with the distribution, abundance, and interactions of Community Ecology of many different kinds of living things in a defined area. Frontiers in Microbiology. Community Foundation of Greene County. Community ecology seeks to answer these and other questions about communities. Community Foundation for Southeast Michigan. When prey is abundant predator species increases, thus eating more prey species and causing the prey population to decline. These relationships change over evolutionary time as species reciprocally adapt to one another through the process of coevolution. Community dynamics Community Ecology the changes in community structure and composition over time, often following Community Ecology disturbances such as volcanoes, Community Ecology, storms, fires, and climate change. Due, at least Community Ecology part, to changes Community Ecology the environment brought on by the growth of grasses and forbs, over many years, shrubs emerge along with small trees. An older, taller tree can inhibit the growth of smaller trees. An Community Ecology is Rhizobium bacteria growing in nodules on the roots of legumes. These non-living factors also influence the way species interact with each other. Bibcode : EnMan. Community ecology Climate change and the introduction of invasive species can affect the functioning of key species and thus have knock on effects to the community processes. The interactive relationships that arise between populations of different species form the interactive web Community Ecology communities. GuedesA. They are often primary producers, and they are typically an abundant organism. Predation is hunting another species for food. Predation can result in coevolution Community Ecology evolutionary arms raceprey adapts to avoid predator, predator evolves. For example, a hawk catching and killing a mouse. The recurrence of these important life processes at regular intervals in a year and their manifestation in nature is termed periodicity. Community structure patterns Community Ecology be dependent, in part, on factors as seemingly trivial as seed weight. The most often cited example of predator-prey population dynamics is seen Community Ecology the cycling of the lynx predator and the snowshoe hare preyusing years of trapping data from North America Figure 1. Accuracy in estimations of the number of species in a Community Ecology community is difficult, including the large number of microorganisms as yet unidentified and unnamed. All species are interdependent, each playing a vital role in the working of the community. The termite itself cannot do this; without the protozoa, it would not be able to obtain energy from its Community Ecology cellulose from the wood it chews and eats. Dynamics of Predation. In primary succession, newly exposed or newly formed rock Community Ecology colonized by Community Ecology organisms. Most food chains consist of three or four trophic levels. Article Contents. For example, a community ecologist might consider the ways in which plants and animals within a forest affect one another's growth. Journal updates Community Ecology 19 and impact on peer review As a result of the significant disruption that is being caused by the COVID pandemic we are very aware that many researchers will have difficulty in meeting the timelines associated with our peer review process during normal times. A tapeworm causes disease in humans when contaminated and under-cooked meat such as pork, fish, or beef is consumed Figure An ecological community is a group of actually or potentially interacting species living in the same location. Ito Community Ecology, M. In other environments, small disturbances produce communities that are a diverse mix of species. This page has been archived and is no longer updated. In another example, the chameleon can change its color Community Ecology match its surroundings Figure 3b. Retrieved October 16, from Encyclopedia. BelkovaU. Moreira and E. A typical Community Ecology may be plant, herbivorecarnivoretop carnivore; another sequence is plant, herbivore, parasite of the herbivore, and parasite of the parasite. A guild is a group of species in Community Ecology community that utilise the same resources in a similar Community Ecology. Young, Gerald L. Bees get nectar from the plant that they use as an energy source. A second type of symbiotic relationship is called mutualismin which two species benefit from their interaction. Community Ecology: Definition and Characteristics of Community Ecology Open access. In this kind of interaction, one species benefits and the other is unaffected. Stochastic changes can cause species within the community to go extinct, however this can take a long time if Community Ecology are many individuals of that species. Issue 2, July Community EcologyN. They all initiate the process of change in communities. Examples include the kelp described above or tree species found in a forest. Studies have shown that when this organism is removed from communities, mussel populations their natural prey increase, which completely alters the species composition and reduces biodiversity. This aids the movement of other organisms in the community such as frogs. Schmera, HUN aquatic communities, functional diversity, ecological theory M. Species richness is related Community Ecology latitude: the greatest species richness occurs near the equator and the lowest richness occurs near the poles. Within the science of ecologya community is a set of organisms coexisting within a defined area. In its simplest form it refers to groups of organisms in a specific Community Ecology or time, for example, "the fish community of Lake Ontario before industrialization". Community ecology is concerned with all of these concepts as ameans to understanding what types of forces may result in changes Community Ecology or may increase the stability of biological communities. You must be logged in to post a comment. For example, the monarch butterfly caterpillar sequesters poisons from its food plants and milkweeds to make Community Ecology poisonous or distasteful to potential predators. One of the many recent proliferations of an invasive species concerns the Asian carp in the United States. From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia. Assembly rules Bateman's principle Bioluminescence Ecological collapse Ecological debt Ecological
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Environmental Science (Ce-101) Unit- I
    Lecture Notes of Environmental Science ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE (CE-101) UNIT- I Introduction to Environmental Science: The science of Environment studies is a multi-disciplinary science because it comprises various branches of studies like chemistry, physics, medical science, life science, agriculture, public health, sanitary engineering etc. It is the science of physical phenomena in the environment. It studies of the sources, reactions, transport, effect and fate of physical a biological species in the air, water and soil and the effect of from human activity upon these. Environment – The word environment comes from the greek word “environner” meaning surroundings around us. Scope of Environmental studies: The environment consists of four segments as under: 1. Atmosphere: The atmosphere implies the protective blanket of gases, surrounding the earth: It sustains life on the earth. It saves it from the hostile environment of outer space. It absorbs most of the cosmic rays from outer space and a major portion of the electromagnetic radiation from the sun. It transmits only here ultraviolet, visible, near infrared radiation (300 to 2500 nm) and radio waves. (0.14 to 40 m) while filtering out tissue-damaging ultraviolet waves below about 300 nm. The atmosphere is composed of nitrogen and oxygen. Besides, argon, carbon dioxide, and trace gases. 2. Hydrosphere: The Hydrosphere comprises all types of water resources oceans, seas, lakes, rivers, streams, reservoir, polar icecaps, glaciers, and groundwater. Nature 97% of the earth’s water supply is in the oceans, Prepared by: Er. Arshad Abbas Deptt. of Civil Engg. KMCUAF University Lucknow About 2% of the water resources are locked in the polar icecaps and glaciers.
    [Show full text]
  • The Bodwad Sarvajanik Co-Op.Education Society Ltd., Bodwad Arts, Commerce and Science College, Bodawd Question Bank Class :-S.Y
    The Bodwad Sarvajanik Co-Op.Education Society Ltd., Bodwad Arts, Commerce and Science College, Bodawd Question Bank Class :-S.Y.B.Sc SEM:- IV Subject: - BOTANY- 402 Plant Ecology 1. The science which deals with relationship between organisms and their environment is called a) Morphology b) Palynology c) Taxonomy d) Ecology 2. The meaning of Greek word Oikas a) Nature b) Environment c) House d) Temple 3. The term ecology coined by a) Odum b) Tansley c) Haeckel d) None 4. Autecology deals with the study of a) Ecology of individual species b) Ecology of many species c) Ecology of community d) All of these 5. Synecology deals with the study of a) Ecology of individual species b) Ecology of many species c) Ecology of community d) All of these 6. The branch of ecology which deals with the study of the organisms and geological environments of past is called a) Cytoecology b) Palecology c) Synecology d) Autoecology 7. Ecology deals with the study of a) Living beings b) Living and non living components c) Reciprocal relationship between living and non living components d) Biotic and Abiotic components 8. Phylloclade is modified a) Root b) Leaf c) Stem d) Bud 9. Cuscuta is a) Parasite b) Epiphyte c) Symbiont d) Lichen 10. Mycorrhiza is example of a) Symbiotic relationship b) Parasitic relationship c) Saprophytic relationship d) Negative interaction 11. Edaphic ecological factors are concerned with a) Rainfall b) Light c) Competition d) Soil 12. The soil is said to be physiologically dry when a) Temperature band light available to plants is insufficient b) There is abundance of water in soil c) Soil water is with high concentration of salts d) Both b and c 13.
    [Show full text]
  • ENVIRONMENTAL SYSTEMS and SOCIETIES SL IB Academy Environmental Systems and Societies Study Guide
    STUDY GUIDE ENVIRONMENTAL SYSTEMS AND SOCIETIES SL www.ib.academy IB Academy Environmental systems and societies Study Guide Available on learn.ib.academy Author: Laurence Gibbons Design Typesetting This work may be shared digitally and in printed form, but it may not be changed and then redistributed in any form. Copyright © 2020, IB Academy Version: ESS.2.1.200320 This work is published under the Creative Commons BY-NC-ND 4.0 International License. To view a copy of this license, visit creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0 This work may not used for commercial purposes other than by IB Academy, or parties directly licenced by IB Academy. If you acquired this guide by paying for it, or if you have received this guide as part of a paid service or product, directly or indirectly, we kindly ask that you contact us immediately. Laan van Puntenburg 2a ib.academy 3511ER, Utrecht [email protected] The Netherlands +31 (0) 30 4300 430 0 Welcome to the IB Academy guide book for IB Environmental Systems and Society Standard Level. This guide contains all the theory you should know for your final exam. To achieve top marks this theory should be complimented with case studies. Although not covered in this booklet, we provide some in our online podcast series. The guide starts with an explanation of systems and models which are the foundations for the whole course. We will then look at systems in the natural world before turning our attention to humans and their impact. Throughout the guide there are helpful hints from the former IB students who now teach with IB Academy.
    [Show full text]
  • Glossary of Landscape and Vegetation Ecology for Alaska
    U. S. Department of the Interior BLM-Alaska Technical Report to Bureau of Land Management BLM/AK/TR-84/1 O December' 1984 reprinted October.·2001 Alaska State Office 222 West 7th Avenue, #13 Anchorage, Alaska 99513 Glossary of Landscape and Vegetation Ecology for Alaska Herman W. Gabriel and Stephen S. Talbot The Authors HERMAN w. GABRIEL is an ecologist with the USDI Bureau of Land Management, Alaska State Office in Anchorage, Alaskao He holds a B.S. degree from Virginia Polytechnic Institute and a Ph.D from the University of Montanao From 1956 to 1961 he was a forest inventory specialist with the USDA Forest Service, Intermountain Regiono In 1966-67 he served as an inventory expert with UN-FAO in Ecuador. Dra Gabriel moved to Alaska in 1971 where his interest in the description and classification of vegetation has continued. STEPHEN Sa TALBOT was, when work began on this glossary, an ecologist with the USDI Bureau of Land Management, Alaska State Office. He holds a B.A. degree from Bates College, an M.Ao from the University of Massachusetts, and a Ph.D from the University of Alberta. His experience with northern vegetation includes three years as a research scientist with the Canadian Forestry Service in the Northwest Territories before moving to Alaska in 1978 as a botanist with the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers. or. Talbot is now a general biologist with the USDI Fish and Wildlife Service, Refuge Division, Anchorage, where he is conducting baseline studies of the vegetation of national wildlife refuges. ' . Glossary of Landscape and Vegetation Ecology for Alaska Herman W.
    [Show full text]
  • Xerosere Faculty Name: Dr Pinky Prasad Email: [email protected]
    Course: B.Sc. Botany Semester: IV Paper Code: BOT CC409 Paper Name: Plant Ecology and Phytogeography Topic: Xerosere Faculty Name: Dr Pinky Prasad Email: [email protected] XEROSERE: Xerosere is a plant succession that is limited by water availability. A xerosere may be lithosere initiating on rock and psammosere initiating on sand. LITHOSERE Bare rocks Bare rocks are eroded by rain water and wind loaded with soil particles. The rain water combines with atmospheric carbon dioxide that corrodes the surface of the rocks and produce crevices. Water enters these crevices, freezes and expands to further increase the crevices. The wind loaded with soil particles deposit soil particles on the rock and its crevices. All these processes lead to formation of a little soil at the surface of these bare rocks. Algal and fungal spores reach these rocks by air from the surrounding areas. These spores grow and form symbiotic association, the lichen, which act as pioneer species of bare rocks. There are six steps of xerosere. They are as follows: 1) Crustose lichen stage. 2) Foliage and fruticose lichen stage. 3) Moss stage. 4) Herbaceous stage 5) Shrub stage. 6) Climax forest stage. 1) Crustose lichen stage A bare rock consists of a very thin film of soil and there is no place for rooting plants to colonize. The plant succession starts with crustose lichens like Lecanora, Lecidia, Rhizocarpon lichen which adhere to the thin film of soil on the surface of rock and absorb moisture from atmosphere. These lichens produce lichenic acids which corrode the rock and their thalli collect windblown soil particles among them that help in formation of a thin layer of soil.
    [Show full text]
  • Land Management Policy and Development of Ecological
    most notably followed in the United Land Management Policy States by Clements (1916), who with and Development of Ecological Concepts1 Weaver (Weaver and Clements, 1938) developed a strong school of successional ecology based largely DONALD A. JAMESON on observations in the sandhills Associate Professor of Range Science, of Nebraska. Clementsian ecology College of Forestry and Natural Resources, became the focal point of U. S. ecol- Colorado State University, Fort Collins. ogy for many years, and certainly received much impetus from the Highlight facing range managers today into very practical management needs the categories of (1) scientific un- As ecological concepts become incor- that were pointed out during the porated into the training and back- derstanding of the resource, (2) “dust bowl” days of the 1930’s. ground informat,ion of professional technological efficiencies (as op- Clementsian ecology, and other land managers, they also become in- posed to technological possibilities), viewpoints of successional ecology, corporated into land management and (3) rural social adjustments. policies. Recent developments in ecol- propounds that we first begin with This order is not intended to assign ogy, such as nutrient cycling studies bare rock which is converted by and computer simulation of complex any priorities to these three tasks; stages. These stages may include processes, have a favorable climate for all are deserving of full considera- lichens and mosses, annual plants, acceptance. Possible applicatcions tion. This paper, however, will deal perennial forbs, grasses, and finally, should be carefully studied by land only with scientific understanding managers. in appropriate climates, shrubs or of the resource. trees. Such a progression is known Theories are basic tools of science; as a xerosere.
    [Show full text]
  • Ecological Successionsuccession Ecologicalecological Successionsuccession
    AgriculturalAgricultural EcologyEcology ByBy Dr.Dr. RensenRensen ZengZeng DepartmentDepartment ofof EcologyEcology CollegeCollege ofof AgricultureAgriculture South China Agricultural University Email: [email protected] ChapterChapter 1616 EcologicalEcological successionsuccession EcologicalEcological successionsuccession • Ecological succession is defined as a continuous, unidirectional, sequential change in the species composition of a natural community • This sequence of community is termed as a sere （演替系列）, and culminates in the climax community （顶极群落） LevelsLevels ofof bioticbiotic organizationorganization – Individual – Population – Ecosystem • Concept of Community • Ecosystem concept AutogenicAutogenic ((自生）自生） successionsuccession • Is self-driven, resulting from the interaction between organisms and their environment. • Primary succession occurs on a newly formed substrate such as glacial till (冰川 沉积物）. • • Secondary succession follows disturbance, for example by flooding, fire or human activity VegetationVegetation DynamicsDynamics && PlantPlant SuccessionSuccession • No vegetation is static with time. There is always changes happening in vegetation and the subject that studies changes in vegetation is called vegetation dynamics. • Plant succession: Directional cumulative changes in species composition through time. • Time: 5 – 500 years • Seasonal changes in species composition a year is not considered as succession. 原生演替原生演替 Hydrarc succession: Beginning in wet (hydric) site. eg. pond, lake, bog. Xerarc succession: Beginning in dry (Xeric) site eg. rock surface（旱生演替） TwoTwo aspectsaspects ofof successionsuccession i) Sequence of plant, animal and microbial communities that occupy an area over time ii) The processes by which this biotic communities replace each other and by which the physical environment becomes altered over time. In the later sense the product of succession is called sere, the characteristic sequence of biotic communities that successively occupy and replace each other in an environment over time.
    [Show full text]
  • Read Book Habitat Pdf Free Download
    HABITAT PDF, EPUB, EBOOK Roy Simon | 96 pages | 01 Nov 2016 | Image Comics | 9781632158857 | English | Fullerton, United States Habitat PDF Book Take the quiz Citation Do you know the person or title these quotes desc For example, in Britain it has been estimated that various types of rotting wood are home to over species of invertebrate. The chief environmental factors affecting the distribution of living organisms are temperature, humidity, climate, soil and light intensity, and the presence or absence of all the requirements that the organism needs to sustain it. Bibcode : Natur. Loss of habitat is the single greatest threat to any species. In areas where it has become established, it has altered the local fire regimen to such an extant that native plants cannot survive the frequent fires, allowing it to become even more dominant. Whether from natural processes or the activities of man, landscapes and their associated habitats change over time. Biology Botanical terms Ecological terms Plant morphology terms. Dictionary Entries near habitat habitally habitancy habitant habitat habitat form habitat group habitation See More Nearby Entries. We're gonna stop you right there Literally How to use a word that literally drives some pe Retrieved 16 May Simply put, habitat destruction has reduced the majority of species everywhere on Earth to smaller ranges than they enjoyed historically. History at your fingertips. Another cause of disturbance is when an area may be overwhelmed by an invasive introduced species which is not kept under control by natural enemies in its new habitat. National Wildlife Federation. The laws may be designed to protect a particular species or group of species, or the legislation may prohibit such activities as the collecting of bird eggs, the hunting of animals or the removal of plants.
    [Show full text]
  • ZOOLOGY Principles of Ecology Community
    Paper No. : 12 Principles of Ecology Module : 20 Community: Community characteristics, types of biodiversity, diversity index, abundance, species richness, vertical and horizontal stratification: Part IV Development Team Principal Investigator: Prof. Neeta Sehgal Head, Department of Zoology, University of Delhi Co-Principal Investigator: Prof. D.K. Singh Department of Zoology, University of Delhi Paper Coordinator: Prof. D.K. Singh Department of Zoology, University of Delhi Content Writer: Dr. Haren Ram Chiary and Dr. Kapinder Kirori Mal College, University of Delhi Content Reviewer: Prof. K.S. Rao Department of Botany, University of Delhi 1 Principles of Ecology ZOOLOGY Community: Community characteristics, types of biodiversity, diversity index, abundance, species richness, vertical and horizontal stratification: Part IV Description of Module Subject Name ZOOLOGY Paper Name Zool 12, Principles of Ecology Module Name/Title Community Module Id M20, Community characteristics, types of biodiversity, diversity index, abundance, species richness, vertical and horizontal stratification : Part-IV Keywords Succession, Primary succession, secondary succession, Sera, Climax community, Hydrosere, Lithosere, theories of climax community Contents 1. Learning Objective 2. Introduction 3. History of study of succession 4. Ecological succession and types: Primary and secondary succession 5. Stages of Primary and secondary succession 6. Process of succession in Hydrosere 7. Process of succession in Lithosere 8. Theories of climax community 9. Summary
    [Show full text]
  • Wildland Planning Glossary. USDA Forest Serv
    Wildland Planning Glossary Charles F. Schwarz Edward C. Thor Gary H. Elsner PACIFIC SOUTHWEST Forest and Range FOREST SERVICE U.S. DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE Experiment Station P.O. BOX 245, BERKELEY, CALIFORNIA 94701 USDA FOREST SERVICE GENERAL TECHNICAL REPORT PSW-13 /1976 Schwarz, Charles F., Edward C. Thor, and Gary H. Elsner. 1976. Wildland planning glossary. USDA Forest Serv. Gen Tech. Rep. PSW-13, 252 p. Pacific Southwest Forest and Range Exp. Stn., Berkeley, Calif. More than 1400 terms useful in wildland and related resource planning are defined. The purpose of the work is to facilitate communication be- tween professionals, not to provide them with exhaustive vocabularies of each other's specialties. Definitions are drawn from many sources, includ- ing public laws and government manuals, but are not intended to establish legally binding definitions. A list of terms and list of sources are included. Oxford: 911(038)–(73) Retrieval Terms: wildland planning; land utilization; range management; forest management; terminology. The Authors CHARLES SCHWARZ is a landscape architect in the Station's research unit on forest recreation and landscape planning, at Berkeley. Before join- ing the Station staff in 1975, he was a research assistant at the University of California's Institute of Urban and Regional Development, Berkeley. EDWARD C. THOR is an economist with the research unit. He was for- merly a post-graduate research economist at the University of California, Berkeley, on assignment to the Station under a cooperative agreement. GARY H. ELSNER is in charge of the unit. For sale by the Superintendent of Documents, U.S. Government Printing Office Washington, D.C.
    [Show full text]
  • Stages of Ecological Succession
    Stages of Ecological Succession What is Ecological Succession? Definition: Ecological succession is the gradual and sequential replacement of one community by the other in an area over a period of time. According to E.P. Odum (1971), the ecological succession is an orderly process of community change in a unit area. It is the process of change in species composition in an ecosystem over time. In simpler terms, it is the process of Ecosystem Development in nature. Population Vs Community Population: The group of individuals of a particular species occupying in a unit area. Example: population of Aedes aegypti (yellow fever mosquito) in an area. Community: A community can be defined as a combination of different populations in an ecosystem. For example a pond ecosystem may consist of populations of Spirogyra (algae) Diatoms, Frogs, Fishes and Insects. The community in an ecosystem is NOT stable. It passes through many developmental stages in definite sequence over a period of time. These developmental stages in most of the cases will be from simple to complex and it is collectively called as community dynamics. Process of Ecosystem Succession The ecological succession is a complex process and it may take thousands of years. Frederic Clements in 1916 for the first time proposed the sequential phases of an ecological succession. The process of succession is completed through a series of sequential steps as given below: (1). Nudation (2). Invasion (3). Competition and Co-action (4). Reaction (5). Stabilization (climax) (1). Nudation Ø Definition: Nudation is the development of a bare area (an area without any life form).
    [Show full text]
  • A Natural Systems Glossary
    A NATURAL SYSTEMS GLOSSARY A Glossary of Environmental, Biological, Zoological, Botanical, Ecological, Biogeographical, Evolutionary, Taxonomic, Hydrologic, Geographic, Geomorphologic, Geophysical and Meteorological Terms March 2006 (last revised May 2008) INTRODUCTION This glossary is the outgrowth of the InkaNatura guide training workshop held at Sandoval Lake Lodge and the Heath River Wildlife Center in southeastern Peru and adjacent Bolivia in January and February 2006. It began with the list of approximately 300 vocabulary words and terms generated during the workshop as well as many additional words and terms generated during the January and February 2008 guide training workshop held at Cock-of-the-Rock Lodge and Manu Wildlife Center in southeastern Peru. While originally intended for the use of the InkaNatura guides, it has expanded into a reasonably comprehensive glossary in excess of 2700 terms and useful throughout North and South America. This version of the glossary should only be considered a draft. It has been compiled from many books and online sources. Some entries I wrote myself but the vast majority were cut and pasted from the many online and printed sources. In future versions the definitions will be edited down, but in this version, in the interest of time, for a large number of the entries several definitions from multiple sources have been included. Throughout the glossary, words and terms in boldface type indicate other entries in the glossary. GLOSSARY abdomen - The part of the body that generally contains the intestines; also called the belly; in organisms, such as insects and spiders, is the last body section…In entomology, the part of an insect’s body that contains the digestive system and the organs of reproduction.
    [Show full text]