Wildland Planning Glossary Charles F. Schwarz Edward C. Thor Gary H. Elsner PACIFIC SOUTHWEST Forest and Range FOREST SERVICE U.S. DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE Experiment Station P.O. BOX 245, BERKELEY, CALIFORNIA 94701 USDA FOREST SERVICE GENERAL TECHNICAL REPORT PSW-13 /1976 Schwarz, Charles F., Edward C. Thor, and Gary H. Elsner. 1976. Wildland planning glossary. USDA Forest Serv. Gen Tech. Rep. PSW-13, 252 p. Pacific Southwest Forest and Range Exp. Stn., Berkeley, Calif. More than 1400 terms useful in wildland and related resource planning are defined. The purpose of the work is to facilitate communication be- tween professionals, not to provide them with exhaustive vocabularies of each other's specialties. Definitions are drawn from many sources, includ- ing public laws and government manuals, but are not intended to establish legally binding definitions. A list of terms and list of sources are included. Oxford: 911(038)–(73) Retrieval Terms: wildland planning; land utilization; range management; forest management; terminology. The Authors CHARLES SCHWARZ is a landscape architect in the Station's research unit on forest recreation and landscape planning, at Berkeley. Before join- ing the Station staff in 1975, he was a research assistant at the University of California's Institute of Urban and Regional Development, Berkeley. EDWARD C. THOR is an economist with the research unit. He was for- merly a post-graduate research economist at the University of California, Berkeley, on assignment to the Station under a cooperative agreement. GARY H. ELSNER is in charge of the unit. For sale by the Superintendent of Documents, U.S. Government Printing Office Washington, D.C. 20402–Price $2.45 Stock Number 001-001-00413-8 UNITED STATES DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE FOREST SERVICE Washington, D. C. 20250 ┌ To: The Readers └ A primary goal of the Land Use Planning Unit is to establish a communications network among all planners and those interconnected with planning. There is a basic need for quick transfer of method- ology and techniques to support an effective job of planning with a minimum of duplication and effort. Good communications demand common agreement on the meanings of words. This is particularly true in scientific and professional disciplines, and especially critical where quantified techniques must be used. Agreement comes from understanding and acceptance over time. This "Wildland Planning Glossary," prepared by the Pacific Southwest Forest and Range Experiment Station, is a good beginning towards obtaining common understanding and acceptance of the meanings of words. This glossary is the first edition in a series which will become even more comprehensive as new wildland planning terms and concepts are added. Many words, if not most, will be immediately understood and accepted by all who read it. Other words may cause controversy and not be accepted by some. Suggestions for improve- ment of meaning and additional terms should be addressed to: Unit Leader Systems Application Unit for Land Use Planning 3825 East Mulberry Fort Collins, Colorado 50371 All readers are invited to participate by commenting on these meanings when they do not agree or understand. Comments or suggestions for improvement should provide references or justification for change. New editions incorporating suggested changes and additional terms and definitions will be prepared by the Systems Application Unit. THOMAS C. NELSON Deputy Chief i ACKNOWLEDGMENTS Individual acknowledgment for the help received in shaping this glossary is not possible because so many people participated. For example, more than 50 people reviewed the first and second drafts, and a number of others made valuable contributions. Employees of the following agencies and organizations participated in the review of this glossary. University of California: Cooperative Agricultural Extension Service, Natural Land and Water Reserve System. California State Cooperative Soil-Vegetation Survey. Lake Tahoe Area Research Coordination Board. Soil Conservation Society of America: Land Use Planning Subcommittee, Natural Vegetation Subcommittee, California Chapter Conservation Research Committee. U.S. Department of Agriculture: Agricultural Research Service, Western Re- gional Office; Soil Conservation Service, California State Office. U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service: Resource Planning Act Team (WO); National Forest System—Land Use Planning Unit, Watershed and Minerals Management Staff (WO), Regional Office Land Use and Multiple Use Planning Units; State and Private Forestry—Area Planning and Development Staff (WO) (Comprehensive Land Use Planning Group and Cooperative Planning and Rural Development Group); Research—Forest Economics and Marketing Research Staff (WO), Intermountain Forest and Range Experiment Station Surface Envi- ronment and Mining Team (SEAM), Pacific Southwest Forest and Range Experi- ment Station. Work on the Wildland Planning Glossary was supported in part under Cooper- ative Agreement 21-314 with the Department of Agricultural and Resource Eco- nomics, University of California, Berkeley. ii PREFACE National recognition of the importance of land use planning in the management of the Nation's wildlands is growing steadily. Many local and State governments have already passed land use planning laws. The Federal Government, in stages marked by the passage of the National Environmental Policy Act of 1969 and the Coastal Zone Management Act of 1972, has been gradually moving toward compre- hensive land use planning, and a national land use planning act will probably be passed before long. The U.S. Forest Service has already adopted land use planning procedures for management of all National Forests. Such growth, as might be expected, has been attended by problems of communi- cation—coordination, definition, and exchange of information. Wildland planning has brought together the wildland manager (usually trained in forestry or range management), the professional planner (usually trained in city or regional plan- ning), and specialists in any of a dozen or more natural, physical, or social sciences. Most of these people have only limited knowledge of the concerns, methods, and terminology of special fields other than their own. In the absence of a standard reference work, the terminology of wildland plan- ning has become a haphazard accumulation of technical terms–many duplicating others in meaning, many used differently by different people, and some having no precise meaning at all. Obviously, such terminology can only aggravate the diffi- culties of communication. This book is an attempt to alleviate the problem by providing definitions of the terms currently used in wildland planning. The purpose here is to facilitate com- munication between professionals, not to supply them with exhaustive vocabularies of each other's specialties. Accordingly, only those terms of each discipline that are most important to wildland planning are listed. Less frequently used terms may be found in glossaries of special fields. Many such works are listed here under Sources. We do not present this book as a final product. Just as the rapid growth of wildland planning has made the glossary necessary, so continued growth will make it obsolete; new terms will be developed and some of those given here will drop out of use. A glossary, though giving temporary stability and unity to terminology, should not cause stagnation. Our hope is that this first effort will be followed by expanded and revised editions, keeping pace with the evolution of wildland plan- ning, and thus contributing to it. The forms of entry and definition used in this book vary somewhat from those of standard dictionaries and glossaries. Alphabetizing. All entries are listed in strict alphabetical order, regardless of word breaks. For example, Mine tailings follows Mineral soil and precedes Mining, area strip. However, clusters of multiple-word terms are entered under the main word: for example, Erosion, accelerated and Erosion, raindrop follow Erosion. Synonyms. Where several similar terms for one concept are in use, or where various terms are used interchangeably with a variety of meanings (sometimes con- tradictory), the main entry is the preferred or standard term. Preference is usually determined as the original or apparently most common usage. Less acceptable terms follow the main entry in parentheses. The terms in parentheses are not necessarily accurate synonyms for the main entry. iii Boldface terms. A boldface term within a definition is being used precisely and is itself defined in the glossary. Sources. The definitions given come from many sources, including public laws or Government manuals. We have made no attempt, however, to establish legally binding definitions or official doctrine. Some officially stated definitions are not in agreement with common usage, but they are included because planners often need to be aware of them. Each definition is followed by an abbreviated source citation in parentheses; complete citations are listed at the end of the book. Definitions followed only by initials are those originated for this glossary by one of the authors or by a reviewer. List of terms. A simple listing of all terms included precedes the glossary. This list allows the user to determine quickly the form of the main entry for the particular term needed. It can also serve as a thesaurus of terms for the writer who is groping for the right word. iv LIST OF TERMS Abiotic Alienated Land. See Land, alienated. Abiotic