Restoring the North – Challenges and Opportunities
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PLANTS for the FUTURE Introduction
ECOLOGICALCHEMISTRYANDENGINEERING Vol.13,No.11 2006 Katarína KRÁ¼OVÁ1* and Elena MASAROVIÈOVÁ2 PLANTS FOR THE FUTURE ROŒLINY DLA PRZYSZ£OŒCI Summary: Plants have a unique role for the existence of all heterotrophic organisms including human population. For sustainable development it is indispensable to stop the loss of biodiversity connected with climate changes and anthropogenic activities. In this context changes of plant species strategy and risk of invasive plant and weed expansion are discussed. Utilization of plants as cover crops and green manure as well as use of allelopathy in the integrated plant protection is described. Perspectives of the use of phytoremediation (phytotechnology using plants for the removing of toxic metals and organic pollutants from contaminated environment) as well as agronomic and genetic biofortification (enrichment of crops with essential nutrients) are designed. Attention is also devoted to the traditional and non-traditional utilization of medicinal plants, plant-made pharmaceuticals, antioxidant activity of plants as well as to the interactions of herbal medicines with synthetic drugs. Cost and benefit of gene technology from the aspect of increased pest and herbicide resistance of genetically modified (GM) plants, co-existence of GM plants with non modified ones in the field conditions, potential effects of GM plants on soil microbial communities and non target organisms are analysed in detail also with respect to food sufficiency and food safety. Perspectives of plants as a raw material for production of biofuels are outlined, too. Requirement for acceptance of fundamental principles of bioethic aspects at exploitation of plant biotechnology, particularly in connection with the effects of GM plants on human health or with their potential environmental consequences are discussed. -
Freeports Inquiry Evidence for the International Trade Committee by Wildlife and Countryside Link May 2020
Written submission from Wildlife and Countryside Link (FRP0006) Freeports inquiry Evidence for the International Trade Committee by Wildlife and Countryside Link May 2020 Wildlife and Countryside Link (Link) is the largest environment and wildlife coalition in England, bringing together 58 organisations to use their strong joint voice for the protection of nature. Our members campaign to conserve, enhance and access our landscapes, animals, plants, habitats, rivers and seas. Together we have the support of over eight million people in the UK and directly protect over 750,000 hectares of land and 800 miles of coastline. This response is supported by the following Link members: 1. A Rocha UK 14. International Fund for Animal Welfare 2. Angling Trust 15. League Against Cruel Sports 3. Born Free Foundation 16. Marine Conservation Society 4. British Canoeing 17. Open Spaces Society 5. Buglife 18. People’s Trust for Endangered Species 6. Butterfly Conservation 19. Plantlife 7. ClientEarth 20. RSPB 8. CPRE The Countryside Charity 21. RSPCA 9. Environmental Investigation Agency 22. Salmon and Trout Conservation 10. Four Paws UK 23. Whale and Dolphin Conservation 11. Friends of the Earth 24. The Wildlife Trusts 12. Humane Society International UK 25. Woodland Trust 13. Institute of Fisheries Management 26. WWF-UK This evidence relates mainly to the following two questions posed by the Committee: What negative impacts could freeports have – and how might these be mitigated? What can the UK learn, and what competition will it face, from established freeports around the world? EXECUTIVE SUMMARY Freeports present a number of significant environmental challenges which are not considered in the government’s proposals. -
Revegetation
REVEGETATION Section Editor: Mickey Steward Handbook of Western Reclamation Techniques, Second Edition TABLE OF CONTENTS SECTION 5: VEGETATION ................................................................................................................ 1 A. Introduction ................................................................................................................................. 1 B. Establishing and Implementing a Revegetation Program ........................................................... 2 1. Preparing a Revegetation Package ......................................................................................... 2 Applicability ............................................................................................................................... 2 Special Considerations ............................................................................................................. 2 Techniques ................................................................................................................................ 2 a. Field Tour ..................................................................................................................... 2 b. Decisions and Planning ................................................................................................ 2 c. Revegetation Package ................................................................................................. 2 (1) Maps ........................................................................................................................ -
Portneuf Valley Revegetation Guide Also Known As the Pocatello Re-Vegetation Guide Version 1.1 (Technical Revisions of 7/2012)
Portneuf Valley Revegetation Guide Also known as the Pocatello Re-Vegetation Guide Version 1.1 (Technical Revisions of 7/2012) Prepared by: City of Pocatello 911 N 7th Avenue Pocatello, Idaho 83201 Guidelines for Developers & Property Owners Contents 1.1 Performance Requirement 1 1.2 Pre-Construction 2 Preserving Existing Soils & Vegetation Weed Prevention Soil Stockpiling 1.3 Soil Preparation 3 Decompacting Soil Weed Prevention Roughening Soil Soil Amendments Seedbed Preparation 1.4 Seeding 4 Timing Seed Quality Approved Seed Mixes Seeding Methods 1.5 Soil Stabilization and Seed Protection: Mulches, Erosion Control Fabrics, & Tackifiers 11 Purpose Products for flat areas Products for sloped areas Conditions of Use Design and Installation Specifications Maintenance Standards Mulches & Erosion Control Fabrics 1.6 Preservation of Seeded Areas 20 Irrigation Weeds table of contents Soil Compaction Inspections Repair and Reseeding 1.7 References 21 Thank you to the US Department of Agriculture’s Natural Resources Conservation Service (NRCS)’s Plant Materials Center staff as well as located retired restoration and forestry experts for their contributions to this guide. Portneuf Valley Revegetation Guide July 2012 1.1 Performance Requirement This document outlines the steps required to successfully meet the final stabilization re- quirements of your Construction General Permit (CGP) with the EPA, or your Erosion and Sediment Control permit with the City of Pocatello, City of Chubbuck, or Bannock County. All surfaces that are not stabilized using non vegetative practices (such as a thick layer of mulch or rip rap) must have a perennial vegetative cover at a density of 70% of background vegetation within two (2) years. -
Plant Collection Information Sheet Switchgrass, Panicum Virgatum
Plant Collection Information Sheet Switchgrass, Panicum virgatum Scientific Name: Panicum virgatum L. Common Name: switchgrass Morphological Characteristics: • native, perennial • tall, upright • warm season grass • rhizomatous • forms dense clumps and will reach a height of 3-6 feet • two types - upland, lowland • lowland types - more robust, larger stems, wide, flat leaves up Steve Hurst @ USDA-NRCS to 36 inches, favors wet sites PLANTS Database • upland types - finer stems and leaves up to 30 inches, dryer upland sites, smaller growth form • seedhead - open panicle 10 -14 inches long • adapted to all kinds of soils from clay to fine sands • lowland types will tolerate poorly drained soils, naturally wet sites, flooded areas, perched water tables and saline sites • begins growth in March and will continue to grow up until the first killing frost • seed ready for harvest in the mid-summer and fall • plants turn a straw color during fall and into winter Conservation Use: Why collect this plant? In Louisiana there is a lack of locally-adapted native (ecotypic) plant materials for use in revegetation projects. The Louisiana Native Plant Initiative (LNPI) was established to collect, evaluate and release new plant materials for use in Louisiana. The goals of the LNPI are to conserve a vanishing natural resource and provide an essential step in the development of a native plant industry in Louisiana. Commercial growers will than be able to supply plant material for restoration, revegetation, roadside plantings and the ornamental plant industry that are adapted to the state. Louisiana NRCS in cooperation with LNPI has identified switchgrass, Panicum virgatum as a plant meeting project objectives. -
The IUCN Red List of Threatened Speciestm
Species 2014 Annual ReportSpecies the Species of 2014 Survival Commission and the Global Species Programme Species ISSUE 56 2014 Annual Report of the Species Survival Commission and the Global Species Programme • 2014 Spotlight on High-level Interventions IUCN SSC • IUCN Red List at 50 • Specialist Group Reports Ethiopian Wolf (Canis simensis), Endangered. © Martin Harvey Muhammad Yazid Muhammad © Amazing Species: Bleeding Toad The Bleeding Toad, Leptophryne cruentata, is listed as Critically Endangered on The IUCN Red List of Threatened SpeciesTM. It is endemic to West Java, Indonesia, specifically around Mount Gede, Mount Pangaro and south of Sukabumi. The Bleeding Toad’s scientific name, cruentata, is from the Latin word meaning “bleeding” because of the frog’s overall reddish-purple appearance and blood-red and yellow marbling on its back. Geographical range The population declined drastically after the eruption of Mount Galunggung in 1987. It is Knowledge believed that other declining factors may be habitat alteration, loss, and fragmentation. Experts Although the lethal chytrid fungus, responsible for devastating declines (and possible Get Involved extinctions) in amphibian populations globally, has not been recorded in this area, the sudden decline in a creekside population is reminiscent of declines in similar amphibian species due to the presence of this pathogen. Only one individual Bleeding Toad was sighted from 1990 to 2003. Part of the range of Bleeding Toad is located in Gunung Gede Pangrango National Park. Future conservation actions should include population surveys and possible captive breeding plans. The production of the IUCN Red List of Threatened Species™ is made possible through the IUCN Red List Partnership. -
Terminology and Definitions Associated with Revegetation
TECHNICAL NOTES U.S. DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE NATURAL RESOURCES CONSERVATION SERVICE PLANT MATERIALS - 9 SPOKANE, WASHINGTON FEBRUARY, 2005 TERMINOLOGY AND DEFINITIONS ASSOCIATED WITH REVEGETATION This Technical Note is a compilation of several old Technical Notes. Technical Note #9 is subdivided into the following Sections: Section 9.1 Ecological Definitions Section 9.2 A Technical Glossary of Stream & River Stabilization, Restoration, and Bioengineering Terms Section 9.3 Glossary of Terminology commonly used in Mining & Reclamation Technology SECTION 9.1 Ecological Definitions (S.M. Lambert, 1994; revised/updated M.E. Stannard, 2005) ECOSYSTEM A biological community together with the physical, social and chemical environment with which it interacts. ECOREGIONS Regions that have broad ecological similarities with respect to soil, relief, and dominant vegetation. Ecoregions are less commonly used by NRCS in its day-to-day terminology. NRCS uses Major Land Resource Areas and Conservation Resource Areas. MAJOR LAND RESOURCE AREAS (MLRA) Geographically associated land resource units, usually encompassing several thousand acres. They are characterized by particular patterns of soils, geology, climate, water resources, and land use. A unit may be one continuous area or several separate nearby areas. CONSERVATION RESOURCE AREAS (CRA) A geographical area where resource concerns, problems, or treatment needs are similar. It is considered a subdivision of an existing Major Land Resource Area (MLRA) map delineation or polygon. Landscape conditions, soil, climate, human considerations, and other natural resource information are used to determine the geographic boundaries of a Common Resource Area. USDA NRCS OCTOBER 2005 ECOTYPE The individuals of a species that are adapted to a particular environment BIOTYPE Synonymous with Ecotype INTRODUCED SPECIES Does not naturally occur in an area defined by soil, relief, and climate. -
A Modelling Approach to Farm Management And
A modelling approach to farm management and vegetation degradation in pre-modern Iceland By Amanda Mary Thomson Submitted to The Faculty of Natural Sciences, University of Stirling, March 2003 For the degree of Doctor of Philosophy This research was undertaken at the Department of Environmental Science, University of Stirling, Stirling, UK. Statement of originality I hereby confirm that this is an original study conducted independently by the undersigned and the work contained herein has not been submitted for any other degree. All research material has been duly acknowledged and cited. Signature of candidate: Date: TABLE OF CONTENTS TABLE OF CONTENTS……………………………………………………………..i LIST OF FIGURES………………………………………………………………...viii LIST OF TABLES……………………………………………………………….....xvi ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS………………………………………………………..xix ABSTRACT……………………………………………………………………….…xx GLOSSARY OF ABBREVIATIONS AND ICELANDIC TERMS………….…xxi CHAPTER 1: INTRODUCTION AND AIMS: LANDSCAPE MODIFICATION BY GRAZING ......................................................................................................... 1 1.1 INTRODUCTION ................................................................................................. 1 1.2 THE HUMAN ROLE IN OVER-GRAZING ................................................................. 2 1.3 ICELAND: A LANDSCAPE MODIFIED BY GRAZING ................................................. 3 1.3.1 Physical environment of Iceland................................................................. 4 1.3.1.1 The climate of Iceland......................................................................... -
Revegetation of Mined Lands
You should know... North Dakota Public Service Commission Issue R-6, Updated April 2017 Revegetation of Mined Lands INTRODUCTION released for backfi lling the mined-out pits, establishing drainage control and shaping Successful revegetation of mined lands the disturbed area; another 20 percent North Dakota Public is one of the most critical parts of the can be released once subsoil and topsoil Service Commission reclamation process involving the surface have been respread; and additional bond mining of coal in North Dakota. The can be released once vegetation has been Commissioners: Randy Christmann revegetation requirements must be met established. Vegetation establishment is the Julie Fedorchak before the mine operator or permittee can key to reducing erosion and sedimentation Brian Kroshus be relieved of his or her legal liability to on the disturbed acreage. Enough bond is reclaim the land. The purpose of this fact retained to cover revegetation and associated 600 E Boulevard Ave. Department 408 sheet is to supply an overview of those costs for a ten-year liability period after the Bismarck, ND requirements. last year of seeding and must be held until 58505-0480 all reclamation requirements have been LANDOWNER PREFERENCE satisfi ed. Telephone: 701-328-2400 STATEMENTS LIABILITY PERIOD AND Facsimle: MEASURES OF REVEGETATION 701-328-2410 An applicant for a surface mining permit must obtain the landowner’s postmining SUCCESS TDD/TTY: land use preference statement as part of 800-366-6888 the permit application process so that the Since July 1, 1975, North Dakota law has E-mail: appropriate postmining topography, seed required that reclaimed lands designated for [email protected] mixes and soil thicknesses can be made as agricultural purposes be restored to a level part of the reclamation plan. -
Revegetation for Ecologically Sustainable Dryland Farming
DEPARTMENT OF THE PARLIAMENTARY LIBRARY parliamentary Research Service Revegetation for Ecologically Sustainable Dryland Farming Research Paper No.1 1995-96 This paper h(l;f been preparedfor general distribution to Members ofthe Australian Parliament Wilik great care is taken to eIIsure that the papf!r is accuratf! aJld balan«d, the papf!r is written USillg ill/ormation publicly avaiiabk at the time ofprodJldion.. Readers are reminded thai the paper is neither an Australian GOl'efllment 1I0r CommomrealJh Parliament document bllt is prepared by the autllOr and published by the Parliamentary Research Sen'ice to contribute to cO//.fideration ofllle iUlles by Senators and Members. TIle l;etJ~ are those ofthe alUhor. ISSN 1321 -1579 Copyright Commonweallh ofAustr.alia 1995 Except to the cxicnt of !he uses pcnnincd under ihe CopYright Act 1968, no part of ihis publication may be reproduced or trare;mined in any form or by any means including information stocage and retrieval system. v.ithout ihe prior "'nnen consent ofthe Department oflhc Parliamentary Libra')', other than by ~Iembers ofihe Australian Parliament in the course ofiheir official duties, Publish~-d by the Department ofihe Parliamentary Library, 1995 Parliamentary Research Service Revegetation for Ecologically Sustainable Dryland Farming Baden Williams Science, Technology, Environment and Resources Group 23 August 1995 Research Paper No.1 1995-96 Inquiries Further copies ofthis publication may be purchased from the Publications DistributIOn Officer Telephone (06) 277 2711 A full -
Stream Restoration Effectiveness
Copyright 2007 by Michael Stanley Lennox ii NATIVE TREE RESPONSE TO RIPARIAN RESTORATION TECHNIQUES IN COASTAL NORTHERN CALIFORNIA Thesis by Michael S. Lennox ABSTRACT Ranchers, farmers and land managers have implemented riparian restoration projects over the last few decades, working with resource agency staff and restoration practitioners; however, quantified regional assessments of trajectory and method effectiveness were not available. I conducted a retrospective post project assessment using a cross-sectional survey of riparian revegetation projects (n=89) and non-restored sites (n=13) on working and historic ranches in north coastal California. I measured composition of woody flora along alluvial stream reaches using belt transects with sampling plots corresponding to floodplain topography. I determined species planted and bank stabilization methods utilized at each project site. Non-restored sites surveyed (n=13) were comparable to pre-project vegetation condition. The study design allowed an assessment of population trajectories, or recovery timelines, ranging from 4 to 39 years since project implementation. I used a count-based statistical approach to analyze the number of live, established trees per plot for ten common genus groups - tree Salix , shrub Salix, Populus, Alnus, Pseudotsuga, Fraxinus, Acer, Umbelullaria, evergreen Quercus , and deciduous Quercus . I also quantified the density and trajectory of woody vegetation functional groups (native tree, exotic tree, native shrub, and exotic shrub) and composition by frequency observed at restoration sites. I found significant effects of restoration on all ten groups assessed depending on the technique of restoration utilized. Passive restoration included large herbivore management using exclusionary fencing or livestock management techniques. Active revegetation methods included tree planting and bioengineering (deflectors, baffles or willow walls). -
Rehabilitation Ecology by Revegetation. Approach and Results from Two Mediterranean Countries
Rehabilitation ecology by revegetation. Approach and results from two Mediterranean countries. Arnaud Martin, Carla Khater, Herve Mineau, Suzette Puech To cite this version: Arnaud Martin, Carla Khater, Herve Mineau, Suzette Puech. Rehabilitation ecology by revegetation. Approach and results from two Mediterranean countries.. Korean Journal of Ecology, 2002, 25 (1), pp.9-17. 10.5141/JEFB.2002.25.1.009. hal-00357056 HAL Id: hal-00357056 https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-00357056 Submitted on 29 Jan 2009 HAL is a multi-disciplinary open access L’archive ouverte pluridisciplinaire HAL, est archive for the deposit and dissemination of sci- destinée au dépôt et à la diffusion de documents entific research documents, whether they are pub- scientifiques de niveau recherche, publiés ou non, lished or not. The documents may come from émanant des établissements d’enseignement et de teaching and research institutions in France or recherche français ou étrangers, des laboratoires abroad, or from public or private research centers. publics ou privés. Rehabilitation ecology by revegetation. Approach and results from two Mediterranean countries. MARTIN Arnaud 1*, KHATER Carla 1,2, MINEAU Hervé 3 and PUECH Suzette 1. 1 : Université de Montpellier II, Institut de Botanique, 163 rue Auguste Broussonet, 34090 Montpellier, France 2 : Remote Sensing Centre, CNRSL, BP 11-8281, Beirut, Lebanon. 3 : Carex Environnement, 1350 Avenue Albert Einstein, 34 000 Montpellier, France. * author for correspondance. Tel : + 33 4 99 23 21 80 Fax : + 33 4 67 54 35 37 email : [email protected] Abstract Human activities greatly affect the environment causing its degradation. Urban development and road networks construction cause main impacts on ecosystems and particularly on vegetation cover: road constructions induce complete degradation of the vegetation cover and often leaves a bare land, sometimes without even a soil cover.