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AUTHOR Ltben, William R.; And Others TITLE Hausar Yau Da Kullum: Intermediate and Advanced Lessons in Hausa Language air] Culture., INSTITUTION Stanford Univ., Calif. Dept. of Linguistics. SPONS AGENCY Department of Education, Washington, D.C. Div. of International Education. PUB DATE -/ Jun 84 GRANT GOO-83-1851 NOTE 152p., PUB TYPE Guide's. Ciastroom Use Guides (For Teasers) (052) LANGUAGE 'Hausa; English
EDRS PRICE MFOlit/PC07.Plus Postage. DESCRIPTORS African Languages; Class Activities; *Cultural '1. Education; CurriculUm Guides; *Grammar; *Hausa; instructional Materials; Second Language Instruction;
*Vocabulary ,
ABSTRACT A teaching guide containing, 24 'lessons in - ,intermediate- and advanced-level Hausa contains materials developed /in a U.S. Department of Education sponsored Advanced. Hausa Institute. The lessons contain teacher notes,, a dialOgue, and notes on related grammar and vocabulary. (MSE) \
*********************************************************************** * Reproductions supplied by EDRS are the best that can be made * * from the original document. * *********************************************************************** 6o o83- /87.5- ne. scc ca5 #4f11.
01
.William R. Leben Department of ,Linguistics Stanford University
Ahmadu Bello Zaria filhekarau.B. Maikafi Lamm Vanladi Yalvia Centre for. the Study of Nigerian Languages Bayero University, Kano
HAUSAR. YAU. DA KULLUM INTERMEDIATE AND ADVANCED LESSONS IN HAUSA LANGUAGE-AND-CULTURE--
U.S. DEPARTMENT OF EDUCATION NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF EDUCATION EDUCATIONAL RESOURCES INFORMATION .gENTEll (ERIC, )1111110:(111( 1:1110111 hPi been reproduced as receivedIrcrn row,on or organization originating it Minoicrwicv.1),A..bml,nEvletoalWove reprodiutiongirdlly Pointf,(Awmwormimm,irmedmIliv.dour montdorugm!ii-6.10yivrawwritrAcialNIF posiunnomPH.,1(
June, 1984
African Studies 200 toot Henry HOover Stanford University Stanford CA 94305
U.. S. A.
54)
F ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS.
This text grew out of materials produced for the Intensive Advanced Hausa Institute, hosted.by 'Bayern University, Kano, sponsored by-the U.S. tepartmerit of EduCation Group Projects Abroad, and directed, by Dr. JohnN. Paden. Supplementary funds for the present version of the text came from a grant from the U.S. Department of .Education International Research ...and Studies Program.
The authors acknowledge with gratitude the efforts of many friends ,ard. colleagueswho. helped with this, project,. Contributions' ,by,-GamboHamza and Jamilu Barba constitute maj'5r portions of the chapters ABINCI, WASANNI, and SALLOCI.. The Illustrations in chapter 23 were originally done by Rabi'u Mohammad ZaruP: for .S. Maikafi's M. A.thesis. S. Maikafi did 'the illustrations for chapter 24. Joan Bresnan. and William Poser helped to design the software for producing the Hausa hooked letters, and the Department ofLinguist is provided the. hardware.
We offer our speC4a1 thanks 10 Dr. Dandatti'Abdulkadir, Director of the;Centre for:the Study of Nigerian Languages, Bayero.Universiyl, for_his friendly guidance and for his Denerosity in; putting the centre's facilities at 'our
A companion volume Of exercises to', accompany these lessons it being made available at about the same time as this text. The authors would sincerely appreCiate comments and sugnestiont from readers. TABLE OF CONTENTS
i. .Lesson 1. KARON BUBA DA !VAN SANDA -1
2. Li.7,,s7.1.1 2. AURE WKABAR HAUSA.. 10
,
.i....9',':.r" 3. ZANCETSAKAN IN SAURAYI DA BUDURWA. ,.. :, 16 \. . ,
1_9:,,,n i'k DORIN ASIBITI DA 'MORIN GIDA 25
5. 1_9777:on .JANAI.TZA 'i a a a 11 ...... a 34 _, 1
t_c .6:- SALLOLI 40
7 '._9ton 7. AZMI , 46
5. . '__Q:7-7in L. TSARIN KARATU NA SARSAJIYA 50.
9. Les-,o- 9. BUKIN SUNA. 7
10.Le.s,,n TAFIYA KASUWAR KURMI . 62
1,1.1L9F,on 11,WASANNI 65.
12, L.9,::.sor. ABINCI 77,
i3. Le!'.- 17.; AIKIN RINI . 86
1 4 . LE27=% :n KI RA -90
15: LettOn 15.NOMA . 94
-AIKIN-KAFINTA 98
17. LesFon 17.FARAUTA 104
2) 18. 1Less6n 18.SAKA A08
.9. 19. JIMA...... r ...... e_ .113
2n. Leis-:::4n 20. YANKA 117
21. Lesson 21.MORE 120
29.Les! inn KAYAN KIDA 127
LesAson 23.;KAYAN SAWA 131
24. Lesson 24.GININ TUKWANE 140
BE KARON BUDA DA "(AN SANDA Lesson
LESSON 4
'KARON,BUBA DA 9yAN SANDA
Wata rana wani mutum mai suna Buba ya kama hanyarsa to zuwa Zaria don ya'ziyarpi gida. Yana gi)rara, visit. cikin tafiya amotarsa 'sai ya gamu .da 'yan sanda. Sai 'yan , sandansuka tsayar da shi sabOda tsayar, stop su duba lasinsa d,a kuma takardun l4sin, license mota. Can sai wani d'an sanda ya nufo Buba. riufa, head toward.
'.Tan 5anda: Malam s_barkadai!
. Biauwa,,sanni.1 da aiki. e
.,, , 14 na zuwa ne, Malam?
17.
. Bt Zan .tafi
takardun rnota?
8: Ga
V: Inalasin'"
B: Aibat' ni da
If: 'BA ka dalasin?
B: I, ba ni-da shi.
T: Me ya(sa-kake tuki-kai-kadai, ba tare da wani direba mai lasin kusada kai ba? kadai, aldne
B:,Na yi kokari in sami wani .direba, amma ban same ba. Ni kuma, ina so lallai in zo in ,duba gida.
T: Ba shakka, ka.san ka yi laifi -babba. Spoda haka, yi fakin wuri d'aya. .fakin, parking
Bt-Ya kama a yi man afuwa, ba zankara-bA. afuwa, forgiveness
'D: A'a! Yanzu ma zan bar ka ka tafi, amma zamkwace takardun motarka. Kuma,ka zo Cameo., confiscate .caji ofis na Saban GarinZaria, ka same caji oVits,', police station ni.
1 Lesson 1 KARON BUBA DA "(AN SANDA
B: To, ba'laifi. Aroma idan was suka sake "tsayar dani fa?
D:Ai ga wata takarda da zan ba ka, sai ka nuna mUsu. Za su bar ka ka tafi.
B: To, yaushe zan same ka a cajiof is d'in?
T: Rana ita wato ranarLitinin ke rana ita yau, one week nan. Kuma sunana Saja Audu. from today .saga, sergeant, \ B: Allah ya kai mu. A. tashi lafiya.
BUBA A CAJI OFIS
Da rana ta kewayo, sai Bubi.ya kewaya, go around kama hanya, ya nufi. ofishin 'Yan sands, wato caji ofis na Sabon Garin Zaria.
Buba: Don Allah, ina nemanSaja Audu ne. .
Kofur:.Ga shi can tsaye, kusa dakanta. itanta,counter
Bs Shi ne kuwa! Na gode.
Dan Sanda: Yauwal, Malam, har anzo! \ B: Allah ya kawo mu.
'D: To, sai mu tafi wurin Sufeto.Yana nan a sufgto, inspector ciki.
To," bisii
D: Ranka ya dacfe,.ga mutumin da muka kama nan, ba shi da lasin sailana, kuma yana tuki, shi kacrai. Kuma, mun kama shi ne ya,baro Kano, zai taho Zaria satin da ya
Sufeto: Yanzu Malam, me ya sa kuke irin wannan abu?. Kun san doka, aromaku rika rika, keep on karya ta.. karya, break
B.: A gaskiya, na. san na yi kusk,ure, kuskure, mistake yallabai (polite address yalla6ai. , to siperior) S: Kai Saja,, sai' a kai- shi wrin Tudun Wada don ya yi rnasa hukunci. hukunci, sentence
- 2 - Lesson 1 KARON BUPA DA 'YAN SANDA'
.1): An gama, ranka ya dacre! Ai sai mu tafi,
fa B: To, biSimilla.
BUSA DA ALKELI
Sayan kamar, rabin awa, tai Buda da Saja sutra isa wurin ilkalkinTudun Wada. Saja ya ba da .wasutakardui sannan ya. .fito wage, ya tsaya 'tare, 4a Buda:- Sayan mint* arba'in da biyar, sai, alkalin ya'sa aka.kirawo'Suba.
Alkali: Kai ne aka kama ka. rananr Litinin da to shige, ba ka da lasin?
.9: I, Allah,yalaafarta Malam.
san,wannan ba daidai ba. n ko?
S: I, Allah ya gafarta Malam.
A: To, .kana da abin da za ka ce?
B: Abin da zn ce kurum, shi ne na yi kurum, only kokari in sami direba,.amma ban dace dace, be successful Kuma ni, ya kaMe ni tilas in taho ya kama ni,I was gida. obliged
A: Kai mutumin ina ne?
B: Ai,ni cfan cikin birin Zaria ne.
A: A wace un.g.uwa? unguwa, neighborhood
S: A unguwar Albarkawa.
A: p wane gida?
B: Ai ni d'an gidan Malam Sule ne.
A: Kai kane ne ga Bala da Musa da Binta?
B: Haka ne, Allah ya gafarta Malam.
Sai Alkali -ya juya wurin juya, turn magatakardarsa, ya ce: magatakarda, court
3 3
...esSon 1 -KARON BUBA DA 'YAM $riNme
recorder Ai An ta6a kama Buba da wani ta6a, have done previously... Magatakarda,ya dubs littafinsa, ya ce:.
M: Ail.ba a ta6a kawo shi nan ba, Allah gafarta Malam.
Alkali ya dubi Buba, ya ce:
A: To, saboda 141imeliman ehi .ne laifinka na na farkq, first farko, zan \yi maka tarar Naira sittin. tara, fine .<1 Idan ka biya, za a' ba ka takardunka. Amma daga'yau, kada ka B: Ai ba zan Para ba. Na gcide P:warai. Ai To, shi ke nan. Lesson 1 KARON BUBA OA 9YAN-SANDA a GRAMMAR 1. 'While'. The meaning 'while' can be rendered in Hausa by: Progressive + sai + Relative Completive E.g.: 'Yana cikin tafiya a motarsa, sai ya gamu da 'yan sanda While he was traveling in his car, he met up with the police Suna wasai sai suka ga maciji While they were playing, they saw a snake Tana cikin d'inkin ke nan, sai allurar ta karye She was in the midst of her sewing when the needle broke referring-to-time-' (i) Before sai, can can.be used to mean something like bayan an juma kadan. E. g. Can sai wani fan sandagya nufo Buba After-a while, a policeman came up to Buba Can saki ga Fati ta taho After some time, Fati came (ii) Before other time expressions, can is used to refer to passage of a relatively longer period of time. E.g.: Can. tsakar dare Buba ya taho' It was as late as midnight that Buba arrived Can shekarun baya aka kasha wani jarumi It was many years_ago.that a. certain hero was Zan zo.can cikin damina I will come much later, during the rainy season 3. idan idan can be followed by either the relative or the non-relative completive. When, followed; by a relative completive, this can leave more room for uncertai:ntji. For, example, the clause: 5 Lesson 1 KARON BUBA DA 'YAN,SPNDA Idan wasu suka sake tsayar da.ni'"fal would be appropriately translated What if others should stop me also? 4. Auxiliary verAbs.. Certain verbs have a special -mean.ing when used before a verbal noun or a noun describing action. Among these are the following.; which -have th'e normal meanings -on their right: sake chance rika hold taSa touch kara increase Examples: Amnia idan wasu suka sake tsayart da ni fa? --BUt-Whatif other-s-shOUlsiop-me-again? 10 Ku rika zuwa makaranta in kuna so ku karu Keep can going to school' if you want to improve-yourselves Ban taSa ganin Halima to gaji:ba I've never' seen Halima tired Za ki kara than ruwa yanzu?' Will you drink some More water now? The.defini.te or_emphatic.mare.ker cfin.appearswit.7h,words Ahich d.D.nqt. normally have-a-definite form. E. g.: caji'ofis tin Audu din wannan din haka din abinda,mukasamu- din- 6. Grade 5. Note that' the irregular verbs bari and tafi-tage the regular Grade S ending: baro taho Lesson KnwiN DA 'YAN SANDA 7. satin d4___ya'shfie satin da ya wuce makon da ya wuce makon jiya 8. Ellipsis of yi." After the progressive marker, even the relative form ke, it is possible to leave out the verbal noun yi when an object complement' follows. E.g.: Me ya sa kuke irin wannan abu? (Ana ruwa.) Ruwa ake? 9. Questions introduCed by Me ya sa? Note that the relativiN for is used after Me ya "sa: , \ Me ya sa kuke irinwanran\abu? Me ya sa kikaraikata irinlwannan abu? Thus, 'mm ya.sa is treated ji_Tt_ like don .me, =in thp sense, that. it takes the relative. form of the.spect.Marker. 10. Subjunctive habituals. 1. The subjunctive\ku has a.hal?itual meaning in the following sentence: Kun san-doka. mma ku riki karya to Often this habitual meaning is signalled by sai. E.g.:. Kun san ba 4 son haka, amma sai. ku yi Lesson 1 XPRON BUBA DA 'YqN SANDA' ,VOCABULARY 1. Synonyms for ba shakka, no doubt. lanai ba wai tantama ba ja _; tabbas hakixa 1 hakika ExamOel Ba shakka, ka yi laifi- Ba wai, kin yi laifi Lallai, na yi laifi Hakika, sun yi laift Difference between kuskure mistake' and Laifi, 'fault'. _kuskure is an inadvertent error, while in most cases laifiwould .refer to something oKe'knowingly did wrong. AARON BUBA DA IYANISANDA Ct - r PRACTICAL HAUSA Addressing Superiors. 1. Allah yagafarta said to one's teacher or to a . learned person. Short form:Safarta Malam. .:, L... Rankss ya dads ,:..nd". yallatpai are used with anyone in a higher social or political potiti6n than'oneself. For example,, they are used by a messenger to an officer, a clerk to ' a chief executiVel an emir's subject to' an emi.. tp. 0 AUREAK454FR LESSON AURE A nKASAR.' HAUSA Tank° ,. . '.. .. --y. _., . .Malam Tank.o..:' yaan..._..zaurie.a '-fa1On. falo,ciarlor gidacisal yaAa,.:,,' sauraron -..abokanSa.:',Milam. sauraro,1 i st eming Barau da. ....Mr. AyOsit'zo -domin'sitc'f- abincin daVe. To da 'ma' ya gayyace.sil..ne"' ..gayyata,irtivite da su za t'un satin da.ya .wuCe. -Yana ta zanCen zuci, da kuria'tunanin ''z:a .'4u. zoko zancei, tuci, thinking ba za-.:s.0 zo ba,can-''' sai ga KaTaro Barau. . , ya iso. : Barau: Salamyelaikum.. Tanko:Alai-kas salamu.- s igb mama. tarar,,ind: (ya shi.go' yatararida Tank° ya'canza kaMarsa cania kamarsa, changed .k.amar,fliash iba.') 4an,k9 yajia na gar ka ha!-e:a his appearnce. yi jagwalam, sai ka ce wands akaa,iko jaitwal.am,look- mutuwa7 dest -r Raidai bari, Baran, cewa rasa inda. zan -sa kaina. Ka ,fie nan AY! Aurutulsurut'ul :excessive. k.a,fie can an zazzage ka. Duk talking zaf zags, abuse 9: To me ya faro .ne? Ka ba ni labari na lye yin zoli abu domin t sakaninmu bubol rufil concealment Wal-lahl macanar af..tre ca. .Rd' ina..,na -je ariayi 1--± n I,s ur ',AtliTsai--InaPci- y in aure, ga _duk.. abokaina nanda. ' ya, ya.'Dazun nan naje1gida.sai na.trazul a very short terarda yayata, ta yi ta zagin, wai nimut umi n while ago ba*-!za ne, .shashasha wanda tat San indayaks yiyaya, older' sister rtlasa ciwo ba. shashasha B:A gaskiya.-. suna yi, mafada ne dominka shigama = maka ,urban da jamea za su dinga girmama kadakuma turba, ioad, way pukank.a da martaba.Ka ji dai Hausawa nacewa girmama, respect n!utJ.A-rni....A.bi ya k,e,y bai kai ifaya ba. idan be.sh± martaba,. high rank .._ ..:Ja al.o.r..1., P yanzl..0 watakila ba afiyagayyatarka racrin.'Suna ko craurin acre ba...Galibi sai dai radiosuna, naming ka ji labari. ceremony galibi,in most cases T: kwa maganarka gaskiya ce. Wal 1 ah i ka - 10 14 AURE-A MASAR HAUSA , n . ..,N i a jya ahamis aka yi .cfaurin'auren yaron nan- . Shehu, amma.:-ka ga §-a a,caya:min-i, bal Ga shi '4.1.tmA wAi munamaKwaba44 a iy.ayea. maRwabtaka, -, , ,,. _ ' neighborliness /--'-f"' : q:To-1 .ba L, T: To aisha'anin aurti,ne yanzu da;wahala.-. Ga shi shalanil. affair baba k61TL Yanzu yayazan.yi ke-nan?. 1, Ai ba wani .abu da.z4::ka ce pure abu ne mai Daka farasai:ka ,,g4 Allah .yana ta .Da'.maya.,Ce-"Tahi na,taimake ka." 1. .To ai yanzu auren ka fara'.nema sai wani attajiri yazo ya.yanke.ma.wuYA: attajiri, rich person WUyal neck : e' a, sai dai idAti ,Yar kananan mutane,ka- ko..kuMada ma:yarinYar ba,so na gaskiya:take yi Maka,ba. zuwan.lAvo.,_a Budurwar-sa I} I :" Barau na gama wannan:,magana sai: suka ji.sallama had'e da.kwankwasa kofa. hafe,, combined RwanRwasa, knock , 1;4, .Ayo': Salamu, alai ! {urn. Ro. masugidanna nan? 1. Tanko da Barau: laikas salamu. A: Tarko, a gafarce ni, na..zo a makare.:Na biyaj'afirta; excuse to wajen budurwata Ftat'i.To bayan na fad'a mata A makare, late zan zr,)wajenka, shi':one ta.7ce.tana so ita ma ta bUOliirwa, fiancee- tana gan ka. Saboda labarinka zo sab6da _ da-take ji-a wajena. T: .Ah!. Wallahi kar ka darnu. yi-murna matuka d matuka, exceedingly .14,uka zo 'tare. Amini, best friend . Fati,.yau ga,Tank.61 kumawannan shi ma aminina :;- , ne-, sunansa.:Barai4. . . SannunkU da hutawa. Yaya aik i? F ,.- TankQ da aiki,,mun gode Allah. F: 'To madalla. T: T..71 b3similla, ku mana. It) r.r.; L+11;;:;; cL. AU.RE n KCISAR HAUSA t, Ayodaa Fatit Madalla, ,mun gode. Tt To jama'a, tun da kowa ya .iso, ai sai mu fara 14.o? BaOau da Ayo -F4ti: ei kuwa ya dace. To dace, fit, suit bisimilla. .Bayanin Aure. zz. Al-- bayan ya kai loma d'aya baki) Af! Barau, da na 1pmal roaf zoina yin' sallama na ga kana ta magana. Maganar siyasa kuke yi-ne? siyasa, politics B: Ala, ko kacran. maganar aure A: Ka ga kuwa ina da jahilcin yadda' .aurenk4 na jahilcit gnorance Hausawa yake. --Tun--da- yake:- haka- neu-bari- bayaninsa. BHaba, Tanko.. Kai da ba ka da aure, yaya za ki iya Yip bayaninsa? Ka, kyale ni na yi. allpw .T: W'al to Allah ya ba mai aure harcuri. To, ba mu bayanin B: To, Mr. Ayo. .Ka ga dai shi aui,o ga Hausawa, ba tabbatalbe? confirmed ya tabbata, sai da arnincewa da yarda tsakanin-amine, agrfee saurayi da -budmrwa: Sai kuma da waliyai .dart,saurayil fiance shaid'.t. waliyail.persons.Who- give bide away Tanko:.To ka manta da maganar\sadaki. shaidulw' tnesses' btideprice B: Ka ji ka. Ka bari na mutu kafin ka :binne ni! ka .04'41'9/ii listen to the.lreleVant thing youIrsaying, Ti:' sai ka ci Baba. binne,bJrry Barau: To, Ayo, idan an gams wannan yarjejeniyayarjeje iya, agreement aka ba da 'Sadaki, to sai a cra'ura aure.,Ka da yake auren iri-iri.ne. A: Au! Ni, jinake.iri d'aya ne kawai. H. Ai akwai suda yawa. Daga ire-irensu dai akwai kama na sadaka da na gwajin hali da4sa-crakasadaka, alms da'dai sauransu. gwajin half, testing. -.12 - r.,sson 2 AURE A KASAR HAUSA of aehavicir sa-d'aka, A:To, _ko_za ka ba mu Pe.arin bayani a Ran eZya dagakari, addition jlusamman ma na sadaka. musamman, especial ly B: I, kwarai kuwa..ka ga dai shi auren sadaka ba wai ana nufin yarinyar ake bayar wa sadaka ntifit intern, ba--kamar yadda za ka.ba.almajiri sadakar kwabo meaning ko sisi ba. Shi' dai wannan aure sadakin ne almajiri, beggar uban yarinyar yake ba mai neman 'yar tasa sadakar kiztein. Ku4 dole sai' ya bayyana wa.! jama'a don 4u Shaid.i:Cewa ya ba:da wannan kuSin shaida, witness .( / nesadaka. ." , A: Ko aria yin ir.in wannanaUre ayanzu?. B: K'Warai. Har kwanan gobe. dai /: yina -San canzawa. Domin a yanzu'idan an ba mutUM sad0a sai ya kashe kuSi Aa yAWA,,ba kaMar da ba. T1Ina ga ya 4(.amata ka yi bAyanimirin al adun da al'ada, custom' ke tafe da,aure. A: Lal lai kuwa don ..mai ytiwuwa ne ya bambanta da bambanta differ irin nanjuE - B: YanzU k6wa.ka Tga dai.akwai,kamar su nema watau zance tsakanin saurayi da budurwa, da kayàn zands,-court'sh4p,', da d'aurin aurel da':sa-ranaf,',.8a kayan .Si-ranar:setting. ' sannansai biki. - marriage'date ; kayan life, Cloths A 'A'a! Ashe akwai abubuwa da yawa. Ko za'ka . , situ daki-daki? daki-0aki, .0re by one . T: Ni. kuwa ina.gani. -.zai fi kyau idan.ka bayanin .yada kayi .naka auren, B: Ai kuwa haka zai fi -sauki ko kairnak dad' yin 0$04,,Thive-already- kwas.' , dOne. kwas, '.course T: Kwarai kuwa. To bisimilla. '_essc.n 2 AURE A KASAR HAUSA GRAMMAR 1. dazu 'just a moment acio'. To make.the meaning of this adverbeven closer in-time to the present, one 40 can reduplicate it (kzu-grazu), add a demonstrative (dazun nan), or.both (dazu-dazun nan). E.g.: nan na jegida. It was a moment ago that I went home Mezu-Ozun nen muka gama aikin I was just a moment ago that wefinished the work E. wai wai is u ed torepresent another perton,s '. thoughts while expressitlgsomereservation about them. 7.E.g.: Ta yi ta zagina, wai ni.mutumin banza-ne- She kept abusing me-as if to say I was a 'useless person - - - , - - -- . . . - Ira yaks?" "Wai- Yana zuwa" . N.f'S "Where is he?" -- "I had the impression that he was coming, but I'm not sure." Ha wai aria nufin,ta dap.° ba ne . It does not necessarily mean that we think she should- return Ta-zo da wani, wairshi ludu She came with someoneI-don't want to bother about but whose name appears. to be Pudu Wai kai waye? Who_ do you think yhu are? -taka ,--hood,--ness'.: E. g. makwabtaka 'neighborlimess, 6...nal:first person singulat's subjunctive. -.Somo'Hausa speakers u4e4na as the firstsingular subjunctive marker, ln place of in. 5% na, :continuative a'Spect'marker.- na can be used in place of the continuative forms yana, tan suna after a nominal subject. The same is true, of the .aspect mark 's ke,and. kan, though with a slight difference for these'latter. ke and kan may substitute for \ - 14 - Lesson AURE A KASAR HAUSA' yake, takan, etc., afterpronlpunsubjects as, well as after nounsubjects. Baran na gama wannan .magana Ita ke zuwa Su kan yi aikin Silt note. that on cannot getthe bare na after apronivn subject. ThAt is, itis inCorrecito say: Su na zuwa = abstractnominalizer. E:g.: jahilci 'ignorance';' jah411 'ignorant :Person' 15 - Lesson 3 SAURAYI DA BUDURWA LESSON 3 A ZANCE TSAKANIN SAURAYI DA BUDURWA Had'uwar Barau da Samira a Walen Livafa Kaf in -Barau ya fara' ba. da bayaninyadda ya' yi zance da 'budurwarsa, sai da: ya yi tunanC, ya yi murmuihi, ya tuna lokacin MurMushil. smil2 da ya fara ganinta a wajen.wata liyafar b14,kinaure da aka yi.: Ga liyafa, party kuma yadda?yafara. Barau: Kai, Muse, ga wata yarinya can, . sai ka ce itsAta.yi kanta! MuSA1- : Wace yarinya_kake yabawa'haka? yaba, -praise d'aUre, tied B:--Habalga-ta-can da ake kira mai takalmi, wanda mata.ke .hold in fashion yayi yanzu, M: Ai *ananufin 'Samira? Ai kanwarmu. ce, karma, younger sister 'yar' gidan Alhaji Audu, mai tumbin tumbi, stomach of ruminant. )- kucri, Ka ga kuwa ta. kusa gama makaranta,. kuma.ba wanda ya shiga. Bi Allah, P .Ia?,To-yaya kake gani? Na iya - ; shiga 1 M: Ai bab'.t warta magana. shiga, kawai. Mu kuma ka Ayale mu da zaren. Ka' kulla, knot e kawai ka yi Mata magma. .zare, thread To, -SaMira na cikin kawayental. kawa, pl_. kawaye,woman's ana to hira da Shewa sai Barau ya female 'friend nufi wajensu ya ce: Aljah, !_yam.mata,.ji_mana 4ai 'yam. mat an suka dinga k llon tuna, Can sai cfaya daga cikinsu ta ce:. Budurwa:,Wa kake yi wa magana? B: Ina so na yi magana da Samira ne. 16 - Lessor 3 SAURAYI DA BUOURWA Sat gaban Samira fad'i, to fadil fall dafa kirjinta. dal* dress Samira: Ni kake so ka ke kuwa. - S: To, gi ni. (Suka koma gefe guda.) gefe, side, edge Malam, don Allah, ba rairl ba, kai raini, contempt' 'kuwa yaya 'ka san sunana? / / B: Ke ce ai ba ki.san ni ba. Amma,ni na Jima da saninki. Ko bat / ke ce '1(anwart Bala ba? S: I, ni ce 'kuwa. B: To, ai abokina ne tin muna yara. Sai dai.ndon ba a nonnayi makaranta ya s bald/ san ni ba. S: Gaskiya mans. /Amma san ,,Musa. Domin ,ina .yawan- tare .da yaya. :Galibi/ ma tare suke. tafiYa. aiki. 121:, KWaraiLHaka/ne. :-r.Tiya ma muna tire da'shi a gi4am.Musa: Dontun a Jiyan ma na so.. na yi-masa maganar, sai na ji nauyi. / Amma dai sai ha gaya ,wa Musa. A 'Ian ne ma ya ce mini watakila za ki zo waJen wannan liyafar tun da aMaryar/kawarki'ce: amarya, bride S: Ai tun da na ga kun yaloaAta kallo waJenmu ,na san cewal lallai 'wata magana. .8: Gaskiya, ne. To Samira,,ina so 114 Yi miki wata magana, sai'dai iris.cran shakkarko ba za ki so'ta ba. shakkal,.doubt, suspicion S: Haba Ka ga kuwa ban san sunan B; Barau. 9:-Yauwa, Malam Barau. Wallahi- ka fad'i - 17 - Lesson.3. SAURAYI DA BUDURWA maganar mana.,Abu na fatar baki. fata, skin. . B: To, ni dai na gan kuma ina A-Aunarki. Kuma wannan'so na gaskiya kauna, love, liking (Samirata murmushi ta sunkuyar da kai.) sunkuya, bend To yaya na ga kin yi shiru? S: A' a, .ba komai. .Na ji ka, kuma ni ma, na yi murna da,jin.wannan jaWabi jawabi, message, speech naka. Bayan kawayen Samira sun,- kira ta gida:. ":44,:: B: To, yaushe za mu;sadu ke nanl'tun da saduv meet ga shi suna jiranki? l.oyaushe kake bukatar ganina, ka zo bukata, need g idanmu- B:.To gobe Jumma'a zan zo da daddare. ' da daddare, night S: To sai na gan ka. Kada' kuma ka-yi min irin alkawarin naku nasamarin alkawari, promise yanzu! c B:.Haba!'Ko'kadan! :Ke dai. ki .saurar* saurara, listen: t to ni. Sai na zo. S: To, madalla. Sai ka zo. A sauka raflya. B: Madalla. Samira daMahaifivarta. Bayan Samira ta isa tana ta murna, sai -babirta -Lam& ta- mamakin 'wannan murna da 'yarta. take yi. Don haka, sai ta tambaye ta,kamar. .'yar nan! Me ya same ki ne yau kike ta murna haka? S:A' al ba komai. - 18 - SAURAYI DA BUDURWA !...essc,,n 3 , L: Kel ni za ki yi wa wayo?' Ki gaya mini gaskiya. In' ba haka ba,to,za a hang ki fita sai ranar Aomawa makaranta. S: shi ne ya ce wai zai zo. L: Wi ne np hake) Ba kya factar sunansa? S: Ai abokin yaya ne. Wa ne ne abokin yaya? S: Haba, wands yoke can Jungun., Mai Aduwa. Wanda ya gama makaranta a Kaduna, ya dawo gida satin da.ya wuce. L; Tol-Barau? S: I, shi fa. 14Td,,410 ne ya ce yana sonki,kcu yaya? shi ne. yaushe zai zo? S:Y3obe ya ce daddare. L: .o Allah ya*awo shi. Sai kuma ki yi hal in naki na dolayel ki yi masa shiru. Si Haba Baba! Haka ba za ta.faru ba! Zancen Jummea a aidan su Samira.. Ilanar daren Jummea sai Bara'.t ya ci Ado ya--talfil-_gidan su Samira ya aika- a k i ra tA.- Bayan sun gaisa sai ya ce: ift Ke Samira wannan, ,cin ado haka ?. ina wani cin Ado-a nan? Kai ne ma zan ce .ka ado. trin wannan shiga sai ka ce angol B: 7o me ya raba dambe da'facra?. Ai you kamar angb nake in .S: Ballantana ni?. _ - 19 - !_dtsson 3 SAURAYL DA BUDURWA B:.Gara dai mu far a abin da ya had'a mu a Yaya maganarmu ta j iya? S: Ai tun jiyan na ce ni ma hakan.' 8: Kya fa ce We ma hakan? Gara mu daddale sosai don ban sani ba ko wani yariga I ni. S: Haba, ai ba wani a zuciyata sai dai kai kawai. B: To,madalla. Na gode.kwarai da na ni :. wannann magana daga gare_ki. Allah kuma ya ba mu sa'a.ya, fitar *de mu da'ga' kunya: S: Amin. B: To yanzu yaya kike ganin ya kamata mu Sullo wa wannan sh4,11ani? I. Wannani-mai-sauki e. lna anin --komai zai yi daidai. Abin da ya fi kawai sai ka fito. B: Yaya fa kika ce komai zai yi daidai? Abin da ma watakila ba ki nuna musu kin yi na'am da maganar ba. Ss La! Wallahi na tank wa babat.a, kuma na ce da ita, a gaskiya in ba.kai ba, to sai rijiya! B: /dan iyayenki suka ki fa? / S: Ka san dai ba sai na gaya mak4 ba. A wannan zamani ba a auren dole. "Duk kuma-- wanda ya aurar da ,yartaga waftla ba ta so, tOlalIe-rai.ga bakin cikV, kuma ya yi da-na-sani. B: Ti:, aroma kin san- sha'anin -:zuciya mai yawansha'awal musamman ma, ga ,ya mace. Yanzu idan wani mai kiln. 'ya shigo fa, baYan nemanmu ya yi nisa?! 5: Haba ialam, at ni da ka gan ni, ba yabon kai ba,ba nacanta magana. Watau dai kome kud'in rnutum, ba zai canza mini ra'ayi ba. Kai ne kawai nake so. Lesson 3 SAURAYI DA BUDURWA B: Kai! Samira, wa 1 1 ah ina .yi murna matuka da ,din wannan kalami. Kuma a yanzu na tabbatar da cewa ke mai .P,:aunata ce. 'Don haka abinda.ya kamata na yi, shi re na ,fie na sami Musa mu sayo'kayan zance, bayan na turo daga gida an. tattauna da su Alhaji. S: Warman a6u kamar an yi in Allah ya yarda, kuma ina so ka kwantar da hankalinka.. Rada_kuma ka nuna karya. Allah ya taimake. mu. B: Amin. Kuzma madalla da wannan shawara taki. Yanzu kuMa zan sai jibi zan claw°. Ga kuma wannanl.a sayi mai. Ya ba ta Naira 5:(Ta karSa ta ce:) Na gcde. saina zo 'A lai-da-mutanen:aidas--- S: To, sa ji. A sauka lafiya. Allah ya kiyaye. B: Amin. f; It 4; 1- 4'4 I Ir Lesson 3 SAURAYI DA BUDUWA GRAMMAR 1. Questioning the -indirect object. When an indirect object introduced'by wa is questioned, tne question word can appear at the beginning'of the sentence, while wa remains inside. E.g.: Wa kaki, yi wa magana? WA'. kikp fade wa labarin? .Similarly, when an indirect object is emphasized,it can be moved away from:its preposition wa and placed at the beginning of its clause. E. g.: Ni za ki-yi wa wayo?.' Time expressions in the definite form. . a . . qThe,,. definite marker can beAdded to certain timeexpressions to emphiksizee.,s. their clOseness in connection'to.the present 'time. E.g.: jiyanfma na so in yif mesa maganar It was as recently as yesterday thatI wanted, to have this'talk with him Goben ma za-su kawo kudin .They will'pay the money as -early as .tomorrow !Mein ma zan dawo#. I will come back as soon as next year 3. Alternate forms of the indirect object pronoun. mini-= min, -man maka = ma, ma miki = maki masa'= mas, mar, mai mukU = maku musu masu' . Us= of ko, ko can be used introduce either direct or indireCt questions., E.g.: Ban rani ba ko tani ya riga ni Ko kin gaji? VOCABULARY Lesson 3 SAURAYI DA BUDURWA 1. Idiom: Sai ka ce tt ta yi Uanta: This means-J-1,--1s-if she createdherSelf"; i.e. iler beauty is so perfect that-she mast have created herself. 2. Idiom: kulla zaren. Literally, 'tie two threads together.' Here, 'fix things up.' .3. kyale can take a complement in da .... For exempla: ka kyale mu da kulla zaren Let us f.ix things up .4. yawan + verbal' noun.. Yawa can take a verbal noun as its.complement, with 'themeaning 'doing a great deal of.' Ina yawan ganinsa I see him a lot Yawan tafiye-tafiyensa yana damuna All his traveling blithers 'me 5. cizia meaning 'doing or experiencing alot of.' Ya,ci ado He. got.all dressed .Yaci duka He got a terrible bei;ing Ta sha wahala She suffered a lot E. aika. aika, like sa, can be followed directly by asubjunctive clause. E.g.: ya aika a kira ta he had her called ya sa a kamalarawon he had the thief caught x.23 - 2 Lesson 3 SAURAYI PA SUDURWA 7. Idiom:-Me ya raba dambedafade? Literally, 'what differentiates boxing from.fighting?' e .'There's no difference between the:twp things.' IRYMAIWILE , Leisson 4 TORINLASIBITI DA 'DORINGIDA LESSON .4 MORINASIBITI DA 'DORIN amp, ((Priv putting bones in piaci? , Wata rana. wata Hayis ta yi Hayis, Hiace, a small bus 4 hadari a kan titin. zuwa hadari, accident. ' Maiduguri. Mutane da yawa suka ji rauni. A ciki h.ar da wata mace rauni, wound ake kira Zainabu wadda ta karye a kafi. Duk sai, aka kwashe karye, break su aka kai asibiti. Wasu-da yawa *Washe, colleCt, gather aka ba'su magani, aka. sal lame su. sallama,'aischarge: 'Amma Zainabu sai 'aka zarce da ita zarce, prPceed directly wurin likitan d'ori. 'DORIN ASIBITI Likitan.Sori: Sannunki! Zainabu: Yauwa, sannu! L: Yaya 4far taki? Z: Tana yimapi ciwososai. "fay., kWayoyi,' pills L:-To, ga wasukwaypyi guda biyu-ki haSiya haifiya, swallow don ._su kasha zafi, To,madaila._ \I sa a kai- -ki--Sakin--hoto: don a yi-Arakin hoto, x-ray-room hoton A :afar saboda in ga yadda karayar take'kafin in gyara. karaya, break Z: Ai,baba Bayan an San- jiMa, sai aka dawo da Zainabu wurin.likita tare. . da hoton da aka Sauka na kafarta, Likita ya. karBi hoto, ya duba. L: To, nan da awa Saya, zan yi miki iki a :afar. , Lesson 4 'DORIN ASIBITI DA 'DORIN pIDA Z: To, mada1la. L: To, yanzu za a kai ki d'akin tiyata. 4akin tiyata, operating room Z: To. L: Tol_nas, a kai ta can a kuma gyara wurin nas, nurse - 'kafin in zo. NaS: To, Likita. L: Nas, ga ni na zo. Sai mu.zo.Mu fara ko ma gama. da wuri. \ N: To, bari mu yi wa'Zainabu allurar barci, allurar barci, anesthesia kafin ta farka an gama. Tarka, wake up. L: Haka ne. . N: YauWa, an gama al 1 urar,, sai mu dan ilakaita,/wait . dakata. L: Yanzu al, lokacin ya yi. 'Sai mu ci gaba da. gyaran afar. MiAo man kayayyakin miki, extend hand a give. tare da kayan filasta. b man gm mini kayo,p1.: kaimyyaki, . N: Ai ga su nan na riga na. kiwo. equipment. filasta, plaster L: Yauwa! Ai yanzu za mu kammala in Allah riga, have.4one already ya: so.. Bayan. jimawa -kadan, sai likitan kammala, finish ya gama d'ora ,Wafar,.',4ainabu'na ta sharar dbra, set' barci, ba ta ma- san abin- da -ake clki- -Asharar barci, sleeping bA. Bayan at, gamal, sai likita ya sa aka __soundly mai ta wani d'aki 'dabam. Can sai ta farka. Ta lura da kafarta duk' filasta.. lura,be aware Z:,A,a? Har an yi gyaran ne, ko?- N: pi an gama tuni, har, likitan ma ya tafi, sai gobs zai keWayo yay duba ki. kawaya, go around Zainabu: To, kina tsammani, yaushe za a sallarne ni? Nas: Ai akalla sai kin yi wata uku ko ma akalla, at least fiye da haka. Ai wasu suna shekara idan I sun da Wan jiki. , 'kan jiki, tendency notito I 26 - :) Lessen 4 TORIN.ASIBITI DA lORIN GIDA heal quickly from wounds Z: Wai! Lallai na ga ta kaina! NI-Ai, ba komai. Allah dai ya saukake. saukake, make better Z.: Amin. Can wajen yamma sai wasu suka zo aiibiti don duba Zainabu. Masu gaisuwa: Sannu Zainabu! Yaya jiki? Allah .dai.ya saukake,- ya kuma kiyaye gabs. Z: Amin! Amin!! .Kawun Zainabu:Yaushe suka ce za suAallame kawu, uncle . . Z: Wai sai bayan wata uku, watakila. K: Wata uku?Ai sh i ya sa na fi so a kai ki wurin sarkin don Sani. Sati uku tak sum ishe ki ki warke,in Allah' ya so. isa, be enough market, heal Z: Ni ma na fi son haka! K: Bari in.tafi-in nemi likitan ya crora ki, in facra mass muna so mu tifi da ke gida. Z: Ai ba K: (Ya tafi ofishin Likita). Likita, na zo ne in shaida maka muna so mi.', tafi da shaida, inform Zainabu gida domin. a yi mata crorin gida. gida,.local bone- setting, . L: Ni .ba zan hana ka Ammi akwai sharacri quda. Duk abin da ya faro, -ba shaikailfil- condition 'ruwana.' Kuma ba za ka sake kawo 'ta wannan asibitin,ba,- domin koka kawo ta, ba za mu karSe ta ba. K: Na ji, 'kuma na yarda. L: To, madalla. Sai ka sa hannu a wannan takardar kafin ka &auke ta ku tafi. 27-- 31 Leston 4 TORIN ASIBITI DA MORIN GIDA K: To, bari in sa.' MORIN GIDA SayanKawun 'Zainabu ya sa hannu a 'takardal sai ya tafi ya Sauki Zainabul suka tafi. gida.. Da isarsu gida, sai kawun Zainabu ,o3 ya nufi gidin sarkin Sari don ya sanar, da shi zancen Zainabu. sanar, inform A h- K: Salamu alatkum! Ko Sarki yana nan? Sarkin Mori: Wa alaikumus salam! nan fitowa.- K: To,.madtlla. S: Barka da zuwa. Ku:Yauwa Barka kadai. S: Yaya? Ina fata'd ilafiya! Kt Wallahi, wata 'yata ce ta .karye . a kaft lokacin da aka yi..wank hadtrin mots jiya. Ytnz4 ma tana.gida. S: Assha, Allah ya kyauta. kyauta,:choose what is best K: Ina so don Allah a taimake'ni,a gYara mate kafar. S: To, amma kafin mu tafi, sai-ka gaya' man -Adan-an kai= ta-asibiti-da.' K: A gaskiya,ba- zan maka karya ,ba, doMin,a gaskiya an kaL ta jiya, har ma an Sora ta a can. Yau na tafi asibitin, na cm_ a .dawo_da iia: gida. S: To, ai ba komai, Allah ya,kyauta. Sal. mu tafi g idan. K: Bisimilla, ga ta nan-a:kwance, a wannan. a *wance, lying. down d'akin. . S:. To, .madalla. Sannu, ..Zainabu. Yaya - 28 - Lesson 4 TORIN AiBITI D T::711IN GIOA jiki?' Allah ya sai,ikake. Amin. S1.,Don Allah, a kawo man ruwa a kasko. kaskO, earthenware bowl Ks Bari in tafi in kawo. Si MadallaT $0ri ya yi karat!.1 rnai tsawo, .ya tofa a ruwan, ya tsawo .length kumace yara.soa ba shi izini ya farke filastar di aka yi a. kafar Zainabu. K: Ai sai a farke a ci gaba datgyaran. Bayan sarkin :eori ya farke, sai ya cfebi ruwan nan, ya sake. want irin karaiu-karatul -surkulle-surkulle, yi yay-yafa a . surkulle7surkulle, wors kafar Zainabu, ya kuma ce-mata:. with no apparent meaning yayyifa, sprinkle ki taka raguwa! rago,-fem. rapuwa, lazy . . person To, sai Zainabu ta yi ta:. aslant, superior gwanin ban mamaki. taka, walk . -Kawun Zainabu ya *Nee baki don. mamaki, ya rasa. abin dazai.ce. rasa, lack S: Ai ba komai, in'Allah ya yarda. Ga magani nan, ki ' shafawa. Bayan shafal.rub kamar...sati biyu da yardar,Allah za ki -warke sarai. --Z:. To, -ma god, kwarai. K: Sarkiya dad, mun fa.gode.. Si Ai 'ba komai! Allah ya kiyayw gaba. Sai an jima, Allah ya ba mu itheri. Zainabu'da'Kawuntar-AminT Amin!! J14..j4nzu haka Zainabu ta warke .sarai,-kuma tana 31.1W411 ko'ira da kaarta..Ba ta kuma cfinishi. Ta d'ingistii, -limping ma hlaifi 'ya'ya da dama. 9 - 33 Lesson 4 TOORIN AS:DITI DA TORIN GIDA \`GRAMMAR 1. dan can be used to. modify 'verbs. E.Q. : An-tan Jima A little while, passed iite dan dakata Let's wait' ,a while Va dan dame'ni Hespestered me 'a little bit Na dan. taloa yin. caca I have had a bit of experience with lambling . sai with n*st. tense. After .al time cIause.in.the past tense,it is normal to use sai to introduce the next clauSe. E.g.: q--- Sayan an dan jimat:sif:aka 'dawn da'Kande Da suka game Atkin, sai aka biya su 3. Expressing soma future time with reference the present. Nan da awa.daya, a yi Miki aiki a Rafa In one hour from now,I will work on your leg Nan da kwana' biyu, .ba za ku,gan ni ba For the next two'ys, you won't be seeing me -- e Note. that if the man phrase is followed'by a negative, it .denotes a duration', 'while ff not Iollowedby'a negatie,-it .denotes -only. a 'future point in time. 4.. Ko followed by Indefinite Future. Ko can be used toexpress. purpose when fol lowed . by the indefinite future. E. g.-:-_ Sai mu zo mu fara, ko ma gama da wuri. Let usstart so -that we can finish quickly YA.so ya fara dazu, ko ya game da sauri He wanted to begin:a few moments ago, so that he could finish quickly 5. Placement of ma. . 30 - r. ' Lesson 4 lORIN ASITTI. DP 7PRIN GIDA ° ma can occur not only after nouns and pronouns, but also directly before and after verbs. g.g.: , Ba ta ma Sian abin da ake ciki ba Ba ta san mi-abin da ake ciki ba It can even occur at tne end of the sentence.: Ba ta san abin .da ake ciki ba ma Lesson 4 'DORIN ',*DITI DA 'DORIN GIDA VOCABULARY 1. Difference between titiaind,hanya. refers to a city street that has been t .rrred. Hanya is a more general termreferring to any street /or road or indeed any passageway. 2. tuni, 'a long time awl,. Theimeaning of tuni is relative,to the context, Os Hair ka dawo? -- A: Tuni / Are you back. already? -7- For a longtimelalready Ash., ana nada motOcin.Fijo a Kaduna? . 7 Do thee really asserible Peugeots in Kdj.ina? 0:-Ail- tuni aka fara It.was.a l.o time ago many years): that they started ding it 3. akalla, at least Ak11a. sai kin-yi.wata uku You should spend At least three months Akalla in yi sati biyu a Turai. I'll have to spend at lest two Weak in Europe Yak gamu da akalla 'yin sanda uku kafin ya iso 4. encountered 't least three policemen before arriving , na ga ta- I really see what s mine fig.,I have,no choice--what, else can I do? 5. sanar da, inform. Another verb with the same meaning is shaida. Note the different patterns of their object complement: Ya sanar,da Iasi- zancin Kande 2 Ya shaida masa zanciiinKande- .1,.. He informed him about,,Rande'S condition Ya.sanar da su (cewa)"karki zai zo gobe Les4on 4 'COIN ASIGITI DA DORN GIDA 14 41. 'Ya shaida Mdsu (ceia) sarki zai zo gobe' He informed theM that the emir.wol4ld come toorrow 5. gwani-literally meant 'expert' but is used: rpuc'n 2enera1 ly to designate anyone or anything extremely impress,iye Cr .:A pealing. gwanin bin mamaki a very surprising, wonderful thing Sani ya yi ado, abin gwanin ban sha'awa Sani got' all dressed .up,a very impressive thing BESTCP7'.! "n""1E Lesson 5 jANA"liA LESSON JANWIZA janal.iza, funeral Malam.Sadau ya bar gidansa a Gwarzi don zuwa bulaguro na sati' biyu a Ikko. bulaguro, traveling Ko da ya dawo daga bulaguron, sai ya Ikko, Lagos tararAllah ya yi wa makwaucinsa,. Ado rasuwa kwana biyU.da sukashige, :wato rasuwa, death shekaran -jiya. Wato Malam Sadala ya iske area zaman makoki ke nan. B.ayan zamin-makokivthree--- jin wannan labarin rasuwar -Ma'am Ado, day mourning period sai shiMalam Sadau ya. garzayagidan garzaya, rush da aka yi mutuwar, domin ya .yi mutuwa, death ta'aziyya. Aa'aziyy*, condolences Malam Sadau: Salamu Jama'a:Wa'alaikumus salam. S: Ashe Allah ya yi wa Malam Ado rasuwa? J: Wallahi, lokaci ya yi. Shekaranjiya ya rasu. S: an)4 rashi kwarai. rashi, lack, loss J: To, yaya za a yi? Lokaci ya yi, ,ai sai hakuri. S: .To,- Allah ya jikansa, ya gafarta masa,.ya Allah-ya jikansa, rahamshe_shi! Mu-kumal ya sa mu cika may Allah have da imani. A mercy on him -gaf4rtaf,- forgive-- : 9min! Amin!! Amin!!! rahamshe, forgive imani, faith Allah ya ba-mu da kuma iyalinsa hakuri. pomin wannan rashi. namu ne duka.. J: Amin Malam Sadau. Aiwallahi,anyi babban rashi, sai kumain sa'i ya yi, babu sa'i, time makawa tafi._ ya satamu to yi makawa, escape kyau. S: Ai, dawowata ke nan daga Ikko, na sami wannan labarin. Ai-yau kwanansa biyu ke nan da rasuwa. Sobe ma in Allah ya kai mu, za a share makoki. S: Allahu Akbar!. - 34 - 3d Lesson 5 JANA'TZP J: Ai shekaran jiya da shi ma muka yi sallar azahar. Daga bayan sai ya fara dan zazza6i, fever ashe sanadi ke nan.- Wato -ciwon- ajalin- ke- sanadi, cause' nan. ciwon ajali, fztal illness S: Allah mai iko! J: Dab da magariba, sai rai ya yi halinsa. Daga roan aka gays wa jama'a. Kafin lisha an zr an iyi masa wanka, an yi masa sutura da salla. sutura, white. WajenScarfe takwas aka-kii shi; wato aka calico kammala jane.izarsa. kimmala, complete S: Allah mai'yadda ya so. To, sai dai.mu ce Allah ya jikansal ya kuma nawwara kabari,nsa nawwara, lighten don zatin ma' aiki. kabari, grave zatin,-holiness J: Amin,. Malam Sadau. maiaiki, messenger (=Prophet Mohammed Si_Allah_dal_ya_kare mana' hakuri,._da dandana. dangana, belief in fate J: Amin, Malam Sadau. Ai.hakurl namu,ne duka. S: Td, nebar ku lafiya. J: To, Malam Sadau, a huta lafiya. Allah ya huta gajiya, kuma Allah ya ba da lada. Allah ya huta pajiya, hasie-a good rest 414 GRAMMAR Ko .da is TO before a relative completive to express 'when,-, much like da. \ Ko da yada 1 sai ya tarar an yi rasuwa When he returned, he fdund that someone had died. Note that ko da is used in the context kó da pike to mean even, though'. E.g.: Ko da yake ta tafi- kasuwal ba ta samo komai ba Even though she went to the market, she didn't find anyttli g 2. Phrasal time ex0r6ssions. An alternatiVe.tO using da and a full temporal clause is t e use of . the verbal noun and ke nan, followed.by a sentence in the relative . , completive. E. g :.: Dawowata ke nan daga Ikko, na sami wannan labarin It was upon vy _rat urn from Lagos thatI received this news _ Zuwansa.Kano ke nan, na haft di thi It was upon his arrival in Kano thatI met him 3. Expressing a duration: The following Construction can be used to express an event in the past whose effects continue into'the present: 'Kwanansa biyu Ike nan) da rasuwa He has been dead for tWo days/He died two days ago Shekararta biyu Ike min) da gama wannan aikin -She: finished:thisjod-two years apo Yam makona uku da sumun lafiya I recovered three weeks ago (andI am still healthy now) Another construction which ends with a continuative phrase rostead 6f a, verbal noun can be used to express duration. E.g.: Shekararta biyu Ike nan), tana yin wannan aikin She has been ate this job for two years Yau makona uku Ike rian),ina shan magani I have been taking medicine for the :past three weeks TNiIi meaning of duration also comes through if a negative sentence is used. E.g.: -36 4 \ Lesson Jr4NMIZI: $0 Kwanana biyu Ike nan) ban gan shi ba 1 have riot seen'hiN for. two says Satinta biyu (ke nan) ba to zo ba- She hasn't come.for the past two weeks C Jtiu r Dti41 bUf - 37 41 .Leston 5. JANPO'I ZA VOCABULARY dab, di, very close.-in time or. place: Note: Dab da niagariba, sai rai ya yi,halinsa Very to dusk, life did what it had to ft close, , ,Na ajiye alk04....Ami dab da 'littafi Iset' the 130down very ,Closeito the book AkwatioMmi Fumy. dab da :Bauchi There's a village very close tpBauchi - 38 Lesson 5 JANA'IVi PRACTICAL HAUSA . To express, sympathy to any' of the survivors cif .someone who has died, one might say.any or all -of the. following, after abrief greeting: Na sami labarin Allah ya yi wa Wane rasuwa. To, Allah ya 4ikansa. -Allah ya gafarta masa. Allah ya rahamshe shi. Allah ya sa ya huta. Kuma Allah ya ba da hakuri. Depending- on the dead person's Position, one might add: An yi babban rashi. Ai hakuri namu ne duka. SALLOLI I SALLOLV // Jenny ta zo kawarta / ca .asuba. Ko da .ta iso.g.idan-/- kawarta fa. Fati, Aai Jenny ta/ ,tarar. da ita tan4 salla. Sal tarar, .encounter Jenny ta.dakata Fati. ta idar idar, finish .da salla, Fati.na da salla. sai suka fara gaisawa'da Jenny. Fatii A9a? Jenny,.barka da saUka! Yaushe kika zo daga Turai? Jenny: Ai crazu--!cfazu muka sauka. 'Daga filin jirgin_samal gidanki na.zarto. zarce, .go directl1y 7F-ITFIlybarka-da.zuwa-kuma-maraba .1, J: Yauwa! Yaya iyali? F: Iyali duk 'suna nan lafiya, sai alheri.' J: To, madalla. Yaya aiki? F: Aiki da godiya, kuma sai hamdala. hamdala, thanks J: To*madalla. Idan komai. ai ,sat godiya. F: Ai ba a cewa komai. Mun gode Allah. J: Da -rna ina son in yi- rniki wata- -tambaya tun zuwana na farko. F: Ina jinki, Jenny. J Na Tura a ko yaushena zo nakan tarar kina salla, kuma ina ganin jama'a su ma suns yi. Ko za.'ki ba. ni cran bayani a game da wannan? F: Wwarai kuwa. J: To, madalla. F: Salla dai na'Maya daga cikin jiga-jigan jijjige, pl. jiga-jigai, musul'.tnci Buda biyar wad'anda auka wajaba pillar - 40 - 4 4 Lesson 6 SALLOLI a.kan dukkan mUsulMi. Sauran hud\tn, su Wajaba, be obligatot'y ne: Tauhidi, -Zaumilr Zakka ga mai.abul da-- kuma Hajji idan mutum ya samihal i. .J: Me ne ne jiga-jigai kuma? Fl W&to jiga-jigai abubuwa wadanda su ke muhimmai, kuma wajibi ne ko Was: ne a muhimmi, pl. muhimmai, .kiyaye su, a-falumce su, na kuma yi aiki something important da su. J: To, na gane yinzu. F: to; salla na daya daga cikin wad'annan kwai guda biyar a rana, wadanda dole ne balagaggenmusUlmi balagagge, mature -ya.yi su, yana kuma yanada lafiya gwargwado. gwargwado, more or less J: Yaushe da yausheake in Wad'annan sallolin? F: Ana': yin Wiaannan sail op1 a lokuta daban- ciaban. Da farko, \a a yi da asuba, 'wato da sassafel \ An4--yi da asuba, 'dawn Azahar, wato da rana. Aha yi da tassafe,. very early morning La'asar, wato dab da faduwar rana. 'Ana Azahar, around 2 p.m. kuma yi.da Migaribal wato bayan fad'uwar Lalasar, around 4 p.m. rana. Sannan daga karshe, ana yi da Magariba,. dusk. Lisha, wato bayan Magariba kad'an. Lisha, period after 'sunst J: to -yaya-wadannan Fs-Da -Asuba,-: ana yin raka'a '-biyu. Da rakala, rat yin rake,' hutru. Da Leasar_ ma haka. .Da Magariba kuma, ana yin raka'a uku. 3a' an nan, da Lisha ana yin raka'a.hudu. . Kuma mutum yana iya yi"sh). kadai ko tare da mutane, amma an fi so a yi da mutane saboda ya fi lada. lada, reward A Ji na gane. Bayan wadannan akwai was kuma? F: I, akwai nafiloli wadandaake yi 'don nafila, voluntary prayer saun lada,: amma ba tilas ne a yi su ba. lokacin ne ake Hajji. Sallar Azumi, ana raguna, ram 'kiranta karamar-salla. .Ta Layya kuma, 'Hajjil pilgrimage to Meca a6a laranta...babbar salla. Ana yin Sallar Azumi, Eid Festival babbar salla kimanin wata biyu baYan kimanin, approximately karamar.sallar. Js Me. ce ce feidar wadannan-sallolin? ,fe'ida, significance F: Akwai fa'ida kwarai. Da-farko dai, kamar . yadda.na fad'a miki a baya, salloli guda biyar da ake yi kullum dole ne kan . kowace musulmi, . balagagge 146 balagagg4a; kumamai hankali da lafiya gwargwado. Idan mutum ya yi, yana da lada. Idan bai y.i ba, yana da alhaki, alhakis demerit wato ya aikata zunu-bi babba. Salla na .aikata; perform sa mutane su kara imani da tsoron.Allah imani, faith da kuma tunanin Allah ne ya halicce su tunani, thinking kuma zasu mutu. halitta, .create 3: Haka ne. Sauran sallolin fa? F: dai.ana yinsudon kain samun lada ne. Da sallar Juma'a. da ake yi mako-miko, da ..kuma sallolin da ake yi kowace shekara. -Warman sallolin su ne karaMar "salla da babbar salla. .Suva da muhimmanci Amaral., kuma Ana son .dukkan muhimminci,'importance musulmi ya- -yi su. Ana samun karin kari, increase hacrin -kai \da fahimtar ,tuna to -wadannan Nadin kai, cooperation salloli. kumakamar sallolin da'ake yi kullum uda biyar; wacfannan. ma, dukkan musulmiha -duniya- na, -yihsu. --'Saboda haka, musulmi na'ko'ina--sukan dada j in dadin -kasancewar4u--masu -hacrin kai- da -kasanee, become _fahimtar .juna. __Suns _samun haka ta hanyar ibadarsu a irin wadannan lokuti, LbAda, religion. na sallolinsu. Fati, na gamsu da wannan bayani gamsu, be satisfied naki. Zan tafi masaukira. masauki, lodging F: To, a sauka lafiya, a kuma huta lafiya. J: To, madalla. Allah ya sa. 4' Lesson 6 'SALLOLI I /4" GRAMMAR 1. Uses of har. haw-appears after a clause in the future. tense, it should be follOwed by'a subjunctive: E.g.: Zan .dakita har ki idar da salla I will wait until you finish praying Za mu zauna har ku komo We will wait'until you return' If har is precededby a relative perfective, it can be followed by either the ,relativeperfective or the subjunctive. There is a slight difference inmeaning depending on the choice. 'of aspect.' With the relative perfective after hat,it is made explicit that the action of the har clause has been completed, while a subjunctive in the har clause leaves the question open: Sai Jenny ta dakata tut Fati to idar da salla Jenny waited.untia Fati,had finished praying Sai Jenny ta dakatatat Fati ta idar da salla Jenny waited for Fati to finishAkaying her prayers. har can als? be used before.the.perfective. Her ka.damo? Have you come back already? -Har na_gama-aikin-441-ka-ba: ni I have completely finished .hetask that you gave me: 2. Although a verbal noun in 7.ma ordinarily loses its wa before a direct object noun, this does, ncit' need to happen to the fixed expression ba a-cema komai ba a ce komai. . Reduplicatin of -time :expretsions. Words that express periodsof time can be'reduplicated to indicate -repetition over regular intervals. E.g.: makomako every week; weekly shekarashekara. every year; yearly Lesson 6 SALLOLI wata-wata every, month; monthly VOCABULARY ,-Ki-nds-o spb1-i-qation. Wajibi expresses a formal obligatr, especially one that derives from religious. -. practice -or other frmal authorities. lilac and dole, on the oher hand', moreI often refer to requirements that come from specific human individuals or from particular needs. Balla wajibi nit a kan kowane Musulmi. Prayer is obligatory for every Muslim Karatun boko tiles ne a.wannan zamani Schoolingit a necessity in this era Dole ne ka zo You have to come 2r kimani -approximately kimani is used before a nominal to indicate an a proximate-measure. E.g.: kimanin wata'biyu about two months 1. zan ba ku shinkafa kimanimyawan wannan I'll give you about this much rice ina da kabewa kimanin girman:gwandarnan I have a pumpkin ab6ut the same.si?..0as this .papaya Lesson 6 SALLOLI 3. -anci, abstftact noun -suffix muhirimanCi, importance muhimaii, something important .4..ta hanyar 211'by means ofl ;e. g.: Suna-samun haka taChanvar ibadarsu They get this through service to Allah .Ta hanvar salla za ku sami'gafara" It is by means'of prayer that you will be' pardoned c> IJ Lesson 7 AZUMI LESSON 7' AZUMI azum fasting Betty wata Baturiya ce Ba'amirikiyal wadda ta isa Najeriya cikin watan .azumi. Ko da ta zo Kano, sai ta lura mutane. lura, take notice da -yawa hit sa pin abinCi safe, sai 14gariba.. Ash* wannan.,,, abu yana.ba tai mamaki. Sai ran nan ta tafi wurin abokinta.Shehu," don ta tambaye'shiabin da ya sa mutane nuke haka. Betty: Salamu alaikum. Ko Bala yana gida? Sheuf Wa alaikumus salam. Muryar wa nake _ji_kamar_ta-Betty? B: Ai ni ce. \ S: To, ina fitowa yanzu. (Ya fito.) Betty, ai yanzu kin 'zama 'yar. rasa, barka da zuwa. B: A'a, har yanzu ban zama 'yar kasarkuba, amma-saura-kiris! -*iris, a tiny bit S: To, da kyau. Wani abu ne, da na ga mutane nayi, yaks ba ni mamaki. : To, me ne ne wannan? B: Na lura cewa mutane .. da yawa sam ba sa 'tam, at all, cinabindi a nan Kanotun safe har Magariba. Ko me ya sa haka? S: Ayya! KamaryaddaHausawa ke cewa, rashi, lack "Rashin sani ya fi dare duhu." Ai yanzu duhu, darkness ana cikin watan azUmi ne, kUma ko'ina MUSIAirfli WARR a duniya, suna cikin .wannan - 46' - Lesson 7 AZUMI hali da kika gani. hali,\condition B: Me. ne ne azumi kuma? S: Azumi yana .daya .daga- cikin manyan . 'abubuwa guda biyar 'da aka wajabta wa Tauhidi, testimony that dukkan Musulmi. Sauran hud'un, su ne . there is no god but Allah. Tauhidi, Salla,. Zakka, da Hajji. and Mohammed is his prophet Salla, prayer B: Yaya azuhin yake? Zakka, tithe Hajji, pilgrimage to Mecca S: Shi dai azumi na duk sari,. ana'yinsa ne cikin watan Ramadan a ko'ina cikin duniya. Kuma ana yin kwana talatin cif, .cif, precisely ana yi ko kuma .kWana ashirinda tara idan watan ya-yi.nusan- nutan, shortage B: Ina sauraronka, Malam Shehu. sauraro, listening S: Da zarar watan Ramadan ya tsaya- yau, da zarar, as soon as kashegari z,a_a .fara azumin. Kuma za .a kashigari, the next day 'Pi abinci tun asuba kafin ketowar asuba,.daWn alfilfrtsannan ba za akara cin wani abu keto, appear _ _ ko shan wani abu ko tarawa ba sai an alfijir, first light of dawn kira sallar Magariba. ,B: Kai, wannan abu da wuya'kuwa! Ss Sam babu wahala idan an saba sosai. Akwai sauki gwargwado. gwargwado, more or less B: Wai kowalda. kowa, dole ne ya yi? S: I, .ya wajaba a, kan kowa idan par ya wajaba, is obligatory ;balaga. -Maza -da-Mata, tilas-ne su-yi in sun.balaga.. Sai dai idan suna fama da balaga, has reached. maturity rashin lafiya, ko tafiya m i tsawo, ..ko--famal-suffering- wata iarura._ "To_suna iya_arin,azumin, larura, something sai daga baya su rama iyakar wacranda ba- unavoidable su y lba. daga baya su rama iyakar wadianda ba su yi ba, B: To,. me zai faru idan 'mutum ya.ki yi da afterwards they must make up gangan? for the days they missed gangaii, intentionally Ss To, ai wannan, kaffara to same'shi. kaffara, restitution B: Me ne ne kaffara? S: Kaffara, ita Pe ramuwar azumi kwaya Jaya ramuwa, expiation da guda sittin, kuma kwana sittin din azumi kwaya days, a single . oabu tsallake. Idan mutum ya tsallake day of fasting kwana guda, sai ya'sako tun farko., tiallake skipping Lesson 7 AZUMI Mu.tum kuma yana iya ciyar da mutane sako tun farko, start over sittin wacranda .suke-da bukatar abinci sosai, at musakai,a. maimakon azumi musakai, needy Amaya cfava tak. a'maimakon, in place of Laai4outumba ya s'ya karya azuMi,_ok karya, break, .ya-ki yin azumi da gangan.ba. S: Ti:, kin gani fa? B: Akwai wani irin azumin kuma? S: I, akwai Akwai na nafila, nafila, optional.. anda ake yi don karin samun lada. kari,.i,ncrease Akwai kuma na tsofaffi da sauransu. Ti:', madal la. Amma bayan angama aZumin watan Ramadan, wato na duk gari, ana yin wani abu? S: Kwarai kuwa. Da zarar an gama yau, to kashegari sai a-yi bikin karamar salla, don murnar gama azumi .da cikar shekara. cika, filling up (here, Shi ne za ki ga an je an yi. salla da ending) safe, sannan mutane su yi ado a yi ta ado, adornment cm abinci, ana shaye-shaye,' kacre-kade, shays7shays, drinking bushe-bushe, da raye-raYe. Kowa na ta' kaft-kaft, playing murna. . percussion instruments bushs-busho, playing B. To, na fahimta, kuma.na gode kwarai! mouth instruments rays-rays, dancing SM - 48 - ) 4, Lesson 7 AZUMI GRAMMAR 1. da zarar, as soon .as. The da zararclause is followed by .a clause with future meaning. r: Da zarar watan Ramalan ya tsaya yau, kashegari za a fara azumin As soon as the moon of Ramadan is siyhted on one day, the next .day faiting will, start Da zarir.ka zoo Saki' mu 'tan As soon as you come, we'll go Some polite terms for sexual relations. Namiji ba ya saduwa'da mace lokapin azumi Namiji ba ya tarawa da mace lokacin azumi A man,does not have sexual' relations with a woman during the fasting period ,Kada-ku-tara-da\matanku-da azumi Kada ku sadu da matanku da azumi Don't have sexual, relations with your wives during the fasting period \ 2. Modifiers. A. gwargwado, more or .less. It can follow the noun- it modifies. E.g.; Akwai sauki gwargwado It's more or less' easy Ya yi murna gwarwado He was more or less pleased -or, with `a genitival- link,- it-can precede a noun: Na yi aikin gwargwadon karfina -I worked: more or less to the limits of my strength da .gangan,_ intent iona 1.1y. Mutumin ya ki yin hake ne, da gangan The man,purpsely refused to do this Da gangan suke yin wannan abu Iti'7; on purpose that they do this - 49 - 'Lesson 8 TSARIN KARATU NA GARGAJIYA LESSON EIGHT TSARIN KARATU NA SARSAJIYA tsari,' system, arrangement 1. LABARIN WANI MUTUMDA\ALMAJIRI. gargajiya, tradition An yi wani mutum mai mammako, .wai shi .alma j iri 1 beggar Bala. Baya so ya kashe.kuei. Ran nan sai mammako, Miserliness wani almajiri ya zo wurinsa yana yin bara, bara, begging . yana cewa,. "Allah ya ba mu samu, jamear Annabl. A ba ni sadaka don darajar daraja, holiness- Annabi." Almajirin na yin gaba sai ya' tarar da tarar, meet wasumutane, .sai Almajirin ya tsaya- wurinsu, yana cewa, "Allah ya ba ku, mu samu, ya jama'ar Annabi. A ba ni sadakadon ya, Oh! arajar. Annabi." Mutanen nan suka kawo 'kmeil suka. ba shi. Kuma shi ,almajirin, ya ce, "Pllah ya biya bukata." Bala dai yana biya bukata, take care of needs \ Rwana biyu da zuwan Almajirin nan, sai aka yi wa Bala sata. Hankalin Bala ya tahi. Sai ye komi, yana ta rokon. Allah, y;1,e,R dewa, "Allah.ya sa a da kayana." Yana faCin haka, sai ya ji daga sama an ce, "Zia ka ga kayanka, amma in ka ga su, ba ka fara sadaka kuma sacewa." kuma, do aaain Bala na zuwa gida kuwa, sai ya ga kayansal.,_ba_ a _ta6a. Omai ba. Tun daga warner- akacin, duk sati 'sal ya tara _al7lajiran garin duka, ya ba su sadaka. 2. LABARIN WANI MALAMI DA TALIBINSA. A wata Rasa, an yi wani malami mai ilimi matuka. ,Malamin nan yana da ealibai masu yawa.-- -A cikinsu akwai wani yaror:wat shi. Lawan. Malamitn yana son Lawan. Femarail saboda sh,i Lathan yarn, ne mai kokari. SabanLawan yana da arziki daidai misali. Wata rata t_awan ya makara, bai tafi4 makarantar allo da wuri ba, sai ya kwashi inibi, ya tafi da shi, domln ya kai wa inibi, crapes - 50 - Lesson B TSARIN KARATU NiLIGARGAJIYA ,__/ a malamin nasa don kar a doke'shi. Yana zuwa sai malamin ya rufe shi da rufe, close; here, subject arrima shi Lawan sai- ya mika -mass to a barrage of something- inibi. Malamin na sham inibi, sai ya daina facfa ya yi shiru. shi kuwa Lawan, tuni ya wuce ya dauko alonsa, yana biyawa,. yana cewa, "Ra, ta, sa, .sha,zal,dal!AL-- ra, ta, sa, sha, kcal, dal, Arabic letters Malamin kuwa, da gama shin inibi, sai. ya d'auki bulalarsa, yana cewa, ."To, to!" Idan . bulala,, whip kuwa ya ga yarn yana barci ko ba ya yin karatu da kyau, sai'malamin ya tsala masa tsaIa,:beat bulala. ti Can sai malam ya ce .a yi addu'a, a tashi addula, prayer daga makaranta. Washegari, malamin nan yana zaune, sai washsgari, the next day ga baban Lawan. Sdka gaisa da malamin, sai baban Lawan yace komai Lawan ya yi, a .yi.. _masa_dUka. Malam_ ya ce,.. "70." duka, Osating, :Yamma -na yi, sai Lawan ya sake yin arnrna ko da ya zo ya miko wa malam inibi, sai malaminya kar6a, sa'an nan ya yt ta tsala wa Lawan bulala. DAga ran nan, Lawan bai Para mak&ra ba. . 3. LABARIN JATAU DA MALAM YUGUDA. Wani mutum mai suu Jatau yana so ya saka -dansa a makarantar- al-f Jatau: Allah ya gafarta Malam. Barka asuba. Yuguda: Barka,kadai. . . J. ''na so na kawo cfana, makarantarka. ____,., irilyik..,______.. _. Y: To, madalla. Ya yi kyau. Sai,da:L'ina so idan ba Ra damu ba, )4.a ba' damu, be bothered'- ni wani d'an bayanin yadda tsarin iilimin ilimi, knowledge ) 1 Lesson 8 TSARIN KARAM! 'NA GARGAJIYA' gargajiya yake. Y: To, wannan ai mai sauki ne. .Ka ga dai muna da makaranta ta allot muna -da makarantar muna da makarantar gafaka, sannan kuma da ta Islamlyya. gafaka,.'satchel To,'140 za ka yi bayaninsu daki-daki?- saki -dakil one by one Makarantar'Allo Y: KWarai kuwa. Da f ko dai, ita makarantar cello, a nan ne ake saka-yara saka,' put kamar.'yan shekara hucru .zuwa shida. .nan ake fara koya masu babbako (watau- babbaku, consonant baRake babu-wasulla), sannan farfaru bald, pl.bakaRe,. (watau.bakake da-wasulla). Daga nan sai letter, of ,alphabet a koya masu,hajjatu twatau qaBa-gaBa na wasali, p1. wasulla, kalmomi). To bayan an koya masu vowel hajjatu, sai su fara: koyon hadda lwatau farfard,'vowelS and koyo da ka). consonants gala, syllaOle J4 A'a? To, tun daga nan suke koyon kr.Atun hajjatu, learning to read _ _al-kurani= ne? insxllables hadda, memorization Y: kwarai. Wasu ma ba sa rarrabewa tsakanin cta-allo din da ta al-kuranin. Duk abu criya ake kc.yarwa a.cikinsu. J:. To, bayan yaro ya san babpaku a farfaru da sauransu, to, sai me? Y: -Bayern yaro ya fara 'yin haddarwasu gajerun-surori, ya -kuma iya, to, sai a sura,',chapter sake dawowa -baya a fara rubuta masa fatiha a allonsa. Daga fatiha, sai fatiha, first verse of.Ouran' nasi., sal failed,sai4kulhuwa, har2ya nasi, one of the short zuwi sabbi. Daga. nan ne zai 'ci'gaba da chapters-of the OUran- rubutu har ya ka i bakara. fmlaki, another short (sUri ta karbe), ya sauke. rhaptir of the Oura, kulhuwa, another short J: To,idan. ya sauke, fa? chapter of :the OUran sabbi, -chapter-of the Ouran. Y: Daga nan, sai a yi. .ma' sadaka., A bakara,last, and longest wannan lokacin ne ake gayyatar mutane, chapter of the.Ouran su zo yadda yaron zai yi karatun sauke, finish reading Quran- surar ba1:ara. .Sayan ya gama, to, sai gayyata, 'invite, jama'a su sa albarka da yin wasu addu' oil. . Sahhan su ba malamin kucri./ Makarantar Gafaka -- -52 \ Lesson 8 TSARIN KARATU NA GARGAJIYA. J: To, yaya 'kuma tsarin makarantar gafaka? ti Ita Pail wannan makaranta, kafin mutum ya Tara ta, dole ne sai ya yi ta allo da J t4 al-kurani. Ana.koyon wannan ilimi ne a zaure ko kuma a'kofar gida. Haka kuMa irin wannan makaranta ana kiranta da makarantar zaure ko ta ilimi ko kuma to buzu. A irin wannan. makaranta, buzu, undressed skin mat, daya.ne kw diukar karatu, sauran kuma used as a carpet suna dubs littattafansu, 'sun jin karatun, liar a zo PArshen darasi. Wani darasi,' lesson lokaci, na'ibin malamin ne ke yi wa na'ibi, deputy, bita, idan malamin yang da wani bita, follow text with 17, students Makara tar IsliMivva J: To/ yaya kuma makarantar Islamiyya? A irin wannan makaranta, ana tsai,a shirin iliminne kamar Yadda ake yi a makai,antan boko. Watau daiN/ana .yi)n makarantar boko, Western- daga zuwa shida ko style school satimai. Sal daiital galibi an yin,--aji,. class , karatun da dare. Kuma ana koya wa yarn yadda. addinin. musulunci yake da kuMa, addini, religion hukunce-hukuncensa. .Sannan kuma ana hukunci, regulation koya masu tarihin musulunci da Latarci. 'tarihi, history J: To,:ko aKwai wani bayani da za.ka a ba ni :game da matakin Matsayin masu da mataki, step' ilimin? matsayil..position Yanzu kUwa. Ka ga dai4 a wannan tsap41A,,\ akwai baharu (watau wanda 'ya'san kowane \ baharu, person with fanni) da malami da na'ibi (wakilin.-ko-\- knowledge of-all ,mataimakin malarni) da kuma aimajirai. subjeCts fanni, subject J: To, wadanne,irin'fannuka ake koya? TaUhidi, belief in the oneness of Allah Y: A- ir,in wannan makaranta,'-ana koyar da Fikih 'c'Science of . _ A . . \. fannuka 'kamar su Tauhidi (ilimin sanin.' -?slam is religious law kadaitar,114h); da Fi! :ihu (iliMin sanin Usulumr, )cnowledge of the keidojin addini), da Usuluri (.ilimin origin )Rf'jurisprudencle saninasalinshara'ar Musulunci)', da Nahawu, grammar 'Nahawu (keidoyin tsare-tsaren. Hadisi, the traditions of da Hadisi (bayanin irin ayyuka da the prophet Mohammed rayuwar Annabi Mahammadu S.A.W.), da. Balaga, eloquence 53 - r t Lesson 8 ,TSARIN.KARATU NA bARGAJIYA. Balaga tilimin iya magana), da Aruli Aruli, prosody (ilirnin fid'ar wfka), da Hisabi lilimin Hisabi, astrology; reckoning sanin taurari), da dai saur:ansu. good and bad' deeds on judgm ant -day .J: To, 'na gods. Zah kawo Marla gobe. tauraro, p1. taurari, star Y.: To, madalla. Sai ka kawo shi. t r. .- 54 - Lesson 8 TSARIN KARATU NA GARGAJIYA GRAMMAR 1. An alternative to the standard plural forms of some nouns (though with a different meaning)' is to reduplicate the. singular form. E.g.: glha has the regular plural. gabc8i, but the reduplicated variant gabs -gala denotes plurality of a .very special sort, namely, . the items in question are viewed as being in a sequence. Thus, . galloed . means lsyllables'', while' gala-gab& means 'a sequence of syllables'. Also, 4ji has the normal plural ajujuwa but in the dialog for this lesson, aji-aji is used to designate the sequence of classes going from the first to the sixth. "regular plural..of gide is . Similarly, though the gidaje, the expression-gida-gida can be used to .denote aset of houses in a particular order in a certain environment. SoMetiMes a noun has` no plural Wither than a fall'reduplicate. An- example from the.' dialog is hukuncephukunce .1regulationso, which simply has the ordinary meaning'of.plurality without any special. connotation of an orderly sequence. 2. Although dole' and tilas are frequently .found before the subjunctive, -it.is quite permissible for them to be followed by sai and the perfective, but with a different meaning. ..E.g.T Dole ne ya yi.makarantar allo He must/ought to_go.to.Koranic school_ Dole'ne sai ya yi.wakarantar allo, kafin ya yi t gafaka . He should have gone to Koranic school beforeAoing:to makarantar gafaka . t.1 - 55 Lesson 8 TSARIN KARATU NA GARGAJIYA ' PRACTICAL HAUSA. Greetings based on times of the day: Barka di asuba (Literally, greetings at dawn',. but in fact this is used thm first time one meets someone in the day, anytime up to about 10 A.m.) Barka da rana- (anytime between shortly before noon-and around 3 p.m.) Barka.da yamma. (around the time before the sun goes down,roughly 4 to 6 Barka da.dare. (anytime after sunset)" ti t Lesson -9/-- BUKIN. SUNA LESSON 9 BUKIN SUNA buki, ceremony Nora: Don Allah, kina.da mule, ki ba ni in sayi goro? Canji ne, ba ni da Zil4i: A' a, babu. Amma in goro kikw so, akwai ni da %hi. Amshi wannan. N: 'Yauwa! Na gode. Kai! Ina kika samo goro. 'mai kyau haka? Z: Ai dagA wurin bukin racrin suna na fito. A can aka.ba ni wannan gorond. N: Rukin rad'in suna? Me ne ne haka? Z: Af, ki =fa.bakuwa ce. Ai mu Hausawa, in aka yi mana haihuwai,' akwai.al'adu na haihUwa, birth musamMan da ake yi wajen sa-wa -jaririko Jaririya suna. , To. Ba ranar da aka haife shi ake sa masa suna kurum ba? Zl.A'a. Akwai suna irin na gargajiya wands' akan sa wa jariri. Warman ya danganci ranar da. aka haife shi, ko irin halin da yanayin da aka haife shi, ko.wani abu:da ya faru yayin .da aka haife shi, da sauran abubuwa makamantansu. Shi ya.sa _makamancl, somethin kikan ji-wasu sunaye kamar su Tanko, ko similar Shekarau, :ko Lami, ko Awaje, ..de dai tsauransu. Amma duk waitannan ba sunaYe ne na yanks ba. N :. Me ne ne sunan yanka kuma? Z: Sunan yanka, shi ne'sunan da aka sanyi. wa- jariri bayan- -kwaba bakwai- da haihuwarsa. A wannan ranar ne ake tara- malamai, da mutane. Babban,malamin, shi 17ai ambaci sunan- jaririn bayan ya,yi. wasu Sa'an nan maroki zai addie a, .prayer . ambaci sunan don.kowa da kowaya ji. Zak, warocci, beggari._ a yi wa jaririn addu'olpil da iyayensa, da`' duk .jama'ar da suka ttiru. Sa'an nan - 37 - 61 L esson 9 BUKIN SUNA za a .watcie. Kuma za a yanka raga musammin don wannan bukt.. Shi ya sa ake kiranS4 "sunan yanka." , : in ce malamine zai fara ambaton amlaat a, mention sunan. Watau sai sunan da ya ga dama ke 'nan zai sa wa yaron? Z:..Fra. Su iyayen, su ne .za su saBi sunan Aga' 41suke so, su sa wa jaririnsu. Wani lokaciisukan nevi shawarar malami'saboda a ka'ida. dole ne sunan ya. dace da addinin musulunci. Idah sun zallasai su addini, religion shaida wa malamin da. -aka gaiyata tun kafin jama'a ta taru. . N: Kinceana yanka raga, su jama'ar da Suka taru, su za a ba su ci? Z: Ala. Su ,lama' a, kafin su watse, za a Watse, disperse raba muse goro da halawa da yawa daidai, halawil candy gwargwadon karftn iyayen jaririn. Shi ragon da aka yanka,. Wani kasafin_dabam kasafi, distribution eke yi shi.. N: Daga nan,bukinsuna,ya kale ke, nan?- Z: Ina?1 Ai ,sa' an non na ma .buki ya A zamanin yanzu, idan iyayen jariri masu. hali nu, har sukan kira loyafar taya, su murnar haihuwa. Kuma duk wannan hidimar hidima, being busy ta fan.nin maza ke nan kurum. fanni, section N: Kina nuf in mu Ala mata muna yintamu .hidimar',dabam ranar.suna? . .Z: MWaraida gaske! Ai ,ma hidimar ida make yi. ta fi ta maza yawa. Da zarar an yi da zarar, as soon as haihuwar, za mu fara -hidima,--har ma :bayan ranar suna,. Mu . za mu kira ungozoma, ta,yi'aikinta na yanke. cibiya cibiya, umbilical cord. da jinyarsa, da kuma' wankan jariri. Minya, nursing Kuma za mu kirawo wanzami don ya cire wanzami, barber be ko kuma yi-shasshawa ko want remotie. zane na gado., Kuma tun ranar haihuwa mu beli, uvula -mata ke karSar 'yan'uwanmu baki,*mata masu z'.twa barkar haihwa. muke'kulawa da . .Haka 'kuma ranar suna sallamar masu hidimomi. Kuma yinin. sallama, seeing off bukinsuna, jego, reno da yaye, wankan yini, spending .a whole day -58 -, LessOn-9-- .BUKIN BONA ,Lego, yin arba'in, ya da-wanka duk mata sego, nursing mu ke kulawa da su. reno, caring fo yaye, weaning kwanaki, da na ,tamPayi abokiYat* sunin jaririnta, faea Kc' me ne ne dalili? Z: -Ai, ga al'adal ba safai uwa,:tAkankira sunan eanta ba, musamman in shi ne na farko a gare ta. Watau tana J in. kunyar sunan. in ktran suns ba sai tsakanin uwa da ea kurumya .tsaYa ba. Ya shafi . . .dukkan rabe-rabe na dangantakar mutane. dangantaka,relition:ip NI Me ya jawo haka? Z: Akwai dalilai da.yawa dakan jawo mutum ya ki kiran sunan mutum. Akwai kunya kunya, modesty tsakanin uwa da eanta. Maki kuma ea. ba zsi iya kiran sunan mahaifansa ba saboda girmamawa. Akwai kuma- ladabi da. ladabi, respect biyayya: Akwai kuma dalilin tsoro. biyayya, obedience 4. Akwai dalilin barkonci di dai sauranSu., barkonci, jOking Ni-Ke-na jl-daein-wannan-bayank- da-kika--ba-- 'ni. Z: To, ni ma na ji daei. Sai'an Jima. , -51- S, . Lesson 9 EUKTN SUNA_. GRAMMAR Definite vs. Indefinite before Relative Clause Although nouns ,frequently appear in the definite before a relative clause, they may .also be indefinite, but with a slightly .different meaning.. E.gw: Sunan yanka, shi ne suna wanda ake sanya wa jariri "Sunan yanka" is the type of name. given to a child ... Warman, shi ne sunan da aka sa mini This is the name I was given In the first instance, the indefinite is used because a spedific name In the second is not . referred. to, rather. the general 'practice of naming.' instance, ,the definite is used because it refersto thespecific name that was given to a particular individual. Similarly, observe the following 41ifferences: Ga kaya da ake saws A !leaser Hausa _ . . Ga giyan da na sa.'jiya In the. first case, the definite marker is pot used becausethe sentence refei-ss to the type of clothingworn asa general custom, in contrast to the secondcasee'where a specific set of garments isreferred to. Sometimes the head of the relative clause can appear without eithiirthe genitival link...Dr the definite marker. Compare the following: Ga wasu). kaya da aka kawo Ga wasu kayAn da aka kawO The firit sentence implies that th.e goods referred to arethe only ones -.to hive been brought,while-the,seconlimplies that the -goods brought are . tn addition to 'other goods brought earlier. G`, Yf fry I -66- et Lesson-'9 BLItK I N SLINA VOCABULARY 1.Musamman can modify woras, phrases, or full clauses. E.g.: Za a yanka rage musamman don lawman biki A ram will be slaughtered just for this feast 7.1 zo musamman don to pa abubuwan da ake yi 'She came specifically to see what they were doing Ya sa riga to musamman He wore a specialgoWn 2. Terms of respect. Birmamawa refers to the sort of overt respect that one shows to a superior, while ladabi is more personal, referring to the respectful attitude one has to a superior. Ladabi is the sort: of thing that is learned over a long period of time from one'sparents and teachers,. while girmamawav being more concrete, is acquired later on -through interaction with people.' (Another. meaning of ladabi isthe humble bow that to-4-Sdperior.)--Biyayya7-is-also-shown-:to-superiors,'-but - its meaning is 'loyalty' or 'Obedience'. Kunya, whichincorporates the notions of modesty, self-respect, and respectfor others, is the sort of thing shown not only to superiors. bUt to everybody one:interacts with. .1 4 11 At 61 - ,11 Lesson-0 TAFIYA -KASUWAR t3URNII LESSCN 10 TAFIYA KRSUWAR KURMI Garba yana tsaye .a kofar .gidansa na nan kofar yadda zai je kasuwer kurmi donyin 'yar wata. sayayya. Ga shi .kuma ba,i san sayayya,, purchase hanya ba. Can sai ga Sule ya ratso ta wurinsa a kan hanyarsa ratsa,drop'by ta zuwa laburare (cfakin karatu). laburare, library Ss Barka da asuba, M. Garba. Ina za a' ne? G: Zan tafi kasuwar kurmi ne, ko da yake ban san hanyar ba. To, tun da yanzu a Kofar Nasarawa kake, bari in yi maka gwari-gwari yadda za ka gwari-gwari, step by step gane sosai. G: To, madalla. S: To, yanzu dai in kamike sak kan wanrian. milks w.go,straight ,titi, ;ai kai ka har :ofar Kudu, wato .sak, absol,utely nan kofar gidan G:I, .191a san gidan sarki kuwa. S: YaUWal daga nan s sai ka karya' kwana dame- kwana, corner ta nan titin Kabara, har -sai ka isa _ .masalidc-in,JtmM4 . J3: Aha! Ina.jinka. S: Yauwa! Idan ka izamaza1lacin, zaka ga-- hanyar ta rabu tambiyu. Maya t. karya dama, d'ayar kuwa ta mike samSail Sai dama, right hand ka bi wacce ta mike din. - gambol, 'straight wades = wadda 6: To, ina zan yi-diqa nan?'. S: Madalla, ai da ka zo nan a mahader, za mahada, intersection masallaci a gabanka, nan hanga, catch sight of - ?a hahgo wani s.tsallaken titi. To, sai ka mike wannan tsallakmn, across hanyar sosai da ba ta da kwalta. kwalta, pavement Gr To, 4:4annar, hanyar ce za ta kai ni har , kapqwar kdrmi? -62- 6 Le4son 10 TAFIYA KASUWAR-KURMI S: I, a kan wannan hanyar kasuwar to fara, domin a nan Masu sayar maka da tsani tsani, -ladder nuke. G: Tb, zan iya shiga cikin kasuwar ta nan wurin? S: Odarai 'kuwa! G: To, madalla, na gode. Sai an juma. Lesson 10 -TO"-IY$1--KASLIWAR GRAMMAR 1. da plus_Perfoctive da zarar, as.soon as. E.g.: Da ka zo nan mahadar, za ka hango wani masallact At soon as you get to that intersection, you will see a mosque Da ti zo, sai mu-tafi Bari As soon as she gets here, we will go into town 2. wannan vs. wannan... Warman refers to the things just mentioned, while wannan is a general-purpose demonstrative: Sai ka mike wannan hanyar sosai Go straight up the street that we just mentioned Sai ka mike wannan hanyar sosai Go straight up this street here The same applies to all of the other demonstratives: Items _lust mentioned: General-Purpose Demonstrative: wancan wancan waccan waccan wadammen wadancen wadannan wadannan _17.1c.son 11 LESSON 11 WASANNI i. Blrin-birin. In yara maza ko mata sun ha du, sai a zai wanda zai yi kamu, a rufe masa idol sauran sit. shica zaure mai duhul'suBuya. Suyal hide Shi kuma wanda zai yi kamun, sai ya sh.iga inda .'Yake jin suke, yana Itmansu. Idan ya kama eaya daga cikinsu, to. shi wanda aka kama, shi zai yi kamu. Sauran kuma, sai sit fito su tafi wajen sha. Idan kuwa shi mai kamu aai kama kowa.ba, to shi zai sake kamu har sai ya kama. ;70. 'Yap' riuiyar nana. A wannan wasan, yara maza sukan kama daliralkc.wa ya eora kafarsa a kan cinyar deira, circle . . na kusa da shi. Sai k6waya _Samu yaora 'fora, out kafarsa a kan ,cinyar na kUsa da shi, cinya, thigh sa'annan. za a fara wasan. Taya daqa cikin yarAnl, sai ya ri.a ba da yana Tewal "'ear' rijiyar nana.", Sauran suna cewa,"Mad'i so." Shi ,kuma,yana ci4abada waRar, yana cewa, "A zuba mata 0 \ ean ruwa da biri .da kararawau.", biri, Monkey *ararawa. bell Sauran suna amsawa "lei sp",duk 18kacin ya In aria ba da za su da AAfa eayal suna Juliuyawa.- uM-bing Duk wanda ya fad'i ya fita daga wasan. juya, turn Kamin a fara wasan, sai yara su kamin = kafin .dalira' gutta biyu. Sai yaran sit cirs. rlounansu, sit . ajiye a qAban'turke. Yaro tur'ke, lbost eaya yana tsaye.: a Jikin turken, ya rise riaada aka'eaUre a jikin-turken. Sit kuma salaran yaran, sai su kc'rna eaya daya, the other f2a'.irar. Za sit yt ,Peokarin eauko,rigunansu daga gaban ktur;ken. Amma in za su tafi eaukowal,sai sit riPe kafartu eayal suna tsalle dacl'AvAr -'65 Lesson WASANNI .Shi kuma "turken" zai yi kokarin h na su tcraukan rigunan nasu. Duk' wanda y ajiye A..afarsa, in 'ba a cikin tasa da,ira ba, to ya fita dada wasan ke nan. ., Haka kuma duk. Aanda turken ya talia ya \ , , ,lama namae Su .k6masauran a,& 'su rika Zama Hama,beout':fthe game , kOkarin tan 'hankalin tu ken, domin '.vyan'uwansU sit tamu-su rfauki rigunan. In 4 sun crauki ,r4gunan, sai su rika dukan duka. strike . turken,". d8.min wacranda ba su da riguna su cfauka. 4. Jini da lini. Yara maza .sai su tart, su kamadi'iral craya daga cikinsu yana. cewa, "Jini da C. jini." Sauran .kuma suna amsawa, Sai shi wanda yake ,bayarwa ya yi ta lirsafin abubuwa masu jinil. kamar su-kaza, ltssafi' listing mutum, aladel.da sauransu, ya ce, ."Kaza da jini," ko kuma, "Mutum Kmma sauran, duk abin da ya facra,'-sai su de, Can sai mai bayarwar ya fatfi wani abu b.yarfwa, givinn mara jini, kamar tebur, agogo, shinkafa, da sauransu.' Su kuma sauran, in suka j i an favl abu ,wnrar jini, sai su yi shire. Amma Wanda ya amsa, "Jini," sai ,yan'uwansa sit ni shi, suna dukansa har sal ya je .Wajen sha. owo-awo. awo, weighing, measuring a A wannan wtan ma, sai yana maza su taro, su kamada'iral d'aya 'daga cikinsu yana ba da waka, yana cewa, "Awo-awo. "'Su kuma sauran, -sungamsawa, "Awo." Sai mai- bayarwar ya. ce, "Na je Katsina awo." Sauran sai su' amsa, PAwo." Sai va 'yi ta lissafin abubuwan.da ake aunarwa kamar su germ, dawal.. matara, auna, measure by weidht shinkafa, alkama, gyad'a, garin rogo, da or volume sauransu, yana cewa, "Na'auno gera," ko "Na .4 auno dawa." Sauran kuma suna ta amsawa, "Awo," duk iokacin da ya ce ya auno wani abu. Can sai va fact% wani abu da \ta'a aunar-wa, kamar kazal doya, gurasa,\ da -66- 4...PS=17111 11 WASANNI sauransu, yana facfin "Na auno' kaza," kd "Na aurio doya."i.Sauran.kuma; n sun j ian facisi ,abin da ba a anarwal sai su Wanda ya amsal.:"Awo." ya fita daga wasan. 6. Abu?Lunkuya,, ri A wenar wasan, yara maza sukan tarn a fii, kama da'ira, rfaya- daga cikinsu yana bda wa1:a, sauran.!suna amsawa Wakar ita Ab4 iunkuym.. Am a: He in'he. Waka: Abu nako. Amsa: He. Waka: In ara jil Amsa: Na lei adoke ni? Mai ba .da Wakar, sai ya yi ta cewa, "Abun nako," har sau yadda ya gaj:tama. Can kuma"Sal ya 62,, ;'InIcari-ji." SaurAT4'sai su yi shire su 'ce,"Na"ki a doke ni?". TO, wacrandar suka.' cel."He" sun fita daga ..wasan ko kuma su tifi a guje, su je.wajem sha. In sauran.sun,same su doke 7.Lugy-LuRU.,, %jannan wasn mata ne. `earan sukan zauna,..su mimmike fe.afafuwansd.- Yara biyi a 'mike, stretch out cikins'u kuwa, sai tu .tsaya. ,craya daga yaran biyuf,sai ta sami.wani abu-' 'karamil shi ,ake kira iya. Mayar kuwa, sal ta 'tsaya taha kallonta-doMin't'a. ga wacce za ? wacce =wadda ta ba 'yar. I t a kuwa mai lyiar9sAi ta dunkule hannuwanta. da 'yar. p cii tana sift dunkuleljnake a fist hannun nata tsakanin cinyar, ,sauran yaran, taha A.ugu-lugu ta nuna.". Sauran , suna amsawa, "Da romo." ,0 Ta-ci gaba da wakar, sauran silna amsawa kamar a sama: Ta kuma ta nuna. 'Da romp. lest Ta, yi dahuwar-kashi. / Pa romo.,, Dan-danne da kyau. ' Daromo. Far. tuwon faifai. romp. . , .Taha garoawal sal craya yarinyar :_esson.11 WASANNI tsaye ta kira sunan wadda take jin syar'na - wurinta ta ce ta ba:ta. To, in t.a canka canka,g 'ess ita ce, za takarBi iyar, to kuma ba wata. Amma in pa ta canka ba, sai sauran su rika ce. mata, "Daddawa d'aya a cikinki.",. daddawal locust bean cake 8. Dara (Ta rarko). A .flaka rami ouda uku sau uku, kamar haka, dig haka:. r t,hair Wato- ramukatara ke ran. Sai mutane biyu su nemi sillen kara uku da kuMa sillen kara, stick duwatsu uku. Ko da yake an fi yin amfani dutse, stone da sine', kara da ,sYwatsul . ana iya aMfani ko da yaks, although da-kbwadAnne_irill A6abuwat_kamar,su,mirifin, ,. mirifi, _lid kwalba, magalli da sauransu. '0 kwalba, bottle mallalli, button . Mutum Saya,ya/ Sauki duwatsun.dayah, kuMa ya Sauki. silOn kara. -Mai duwatsu sai. ya fara Cansa daya'a.cikin rami. d'aya, mai sillen kara kuma, sai shi 'ya sa nasa d'aya. Haka za a yi to yi har 'ya'yan su ware. Yadda ake yin wasan, shi ne kowa yana so ya jera'yalyansa Buda ukun a layi. Wanda jera, arrange' ya fara.jerawa,shi. ya kasa. Kullum mai layi, line dutse, robin da yake-so a ransa, shi ne ya 'kasa, win hana mai sillen kara ya jera 'ya'yansa ukul, shi'ma'mai sillen kara haka. Yadda ake yi, sai; mutum ya d'auki d'ansa guda d'aya daga cikin raminsa, ya mai da shi 'wani ramin. Amnia sa bon naming sai ya zimana zamana, come to be, be na kusa da d ut sen ko sillen kaan ne. Pa a tsallake rami ko Sa. 0 0 0 LeSSIAIMW. WASANNI Ana iya- d'aukar Ba. za a iya diAse, a mai da shi 'SAukar sillen kara a wurin da aka n'.ina da rnai da shi--wuraren kibiya. da aka nuna da kibiya 9. Dara (Ta Dabara): A haka. ramuka guda 6iyan sau shida, kamar, a 111 ,. Ramuka talatin ke nan. Sai mutane biyu su nemi dutse guda goma sha biyu da sillen kara ruda goma sha biyu. Mutum cfaya sai ya .16 Sauki dutsen, Sayan kurna sillen kara. "Mai duwatsu shi zai !Ara sa Sa-Saya a rani, sa'an nan rnai sillen karat shi ma ya sa guda eaya.:Haka za a yi to yi, har sai 'ya'yan kowa sun'kare. To, mai dutse sai ya' #ara weisan, sa' an nan _mai, sillen kara. Idan wan jera nasa guda uku, sai wanda ya jera ya d'auki na dayan guda,- Kuma an'fi sa a crauke wanda zai. hina %shi.jerawa,..dominkuwa a nan ma mai sillen kara yana 'so ne ya hana mai dutse Jerawa, shi ma mai dutsen haka. -"eAdda ake- yin wasan, shi r,e rnai dutse yana son ya ci Saya, mai sillein,kara kuma haka, in kuna so ku ci ifan wani, za ku 2eranakuauda uku (ko fi), sai ku Sauki ean wancan days. Hanyar da .2aku bi ku .jera,ita ce, sai ku Tal4ki d'anku Tayadaga raminsl ku mai da shi want ramin,:ba tare da tsalake, \ - 69 - Lesson'11 wani rami ko ea ba: 0c* 411,, 0 0 Q 0 11. 0 0. ° 10. kwado (Hueu Sha). Mutum biyu ne suke yin wasanFold°, koWa da garkarsa. Xowane rami, za a zube ya'ya garka,' "home" spaCe hud'u. I Za a farza eiban 'ya,Ya daga rami guda, rika sakawa d'ai -d'ai a cikkin sauran salts, put ramukan. Idan kuka:eebi 'yeya hueU, kuka saka a cikin, rami uku, ragowar guda d'ayan, .ragoral remainder sai ku had'a da na d'aya ramin da kuka zo. hada, combine kansa, yes zama guda biyar ke nan a -hannunku. Sai ku ci gaba da sakawa. Haka za ku yi ta yi, ba za ku daina ba sai inda kuka 'ajiye ea, babu wani a ciki sai shi kaeai. Wato idan da ea biyu ko uku a hannunku, sai ku saka guda a cikinramin inda babu kc'mai, kuma kuci gaba da wasan. _ Sai. ,abok4n wasanku, shi.kuma ya fare daga.i'lasa gidan- Shi ma, -hakes zai yi ta yi har ;sai inda ya saka a ramin ba 'wani, sanrlian ya daina wasan. Haka za a yi ta yi. j Kun'a idan g417karku ta rami guda hueu,a cii, sai ku kwashel ku zube a gabanku. kwashe, collect WaSannan sun zama naku. Haka za a yi ta yi har a kasa: Lesson 11 WASANNI ti GRAMMAR 1. Indirect Object as "anti-benefaCtive". r , The indirect Object can be used with many verbs to indicate action against someone as opposed to the more common benefactive meaning. E.g.: An rufe masa ido ,They/covered his eyes on him .An ci mini mutunci They"treatedme with disrespect An sacem ni kutfina They to all my money away from me ,2.daya. = the other' Herere some examples,of this Ilse of daya: -Sum' wasa a daya deirar They are playing iWthe other circle r Yana son daya yarinyar He loves thevother girl 't Yaro ya rike goba.biyu, yana cin Maya, yana wasa dadayan Theboy held two guavas. He was eating pne and playing with the other , Sun rkke kafarsu daya,,suna tsa l le da layer They held cane of their leg4 while jumOing on the ether - 71 4'. 4. A VOCABULARY . 1. Different meanings of hankali. .a. attent-ion.. Zaisu rika kokarin ,fan hankalin.fiturken" They will keep trying. to divert the attention of the person who is "it" Sarki ya jawo hankalinsu da su rika biyayya The emir drew their attention to the fadt that they should remain obedient b.-.mind. Hankalinsa yak. kwanta. His mind has settled Hankalinsu ya tashi . ' Their emotions are stirredup c. sloWly, softly Ku taft a hankali Go slowly Fad'i a hankali Speak slowly Akin /WA a hankali We spoke in. a quiet voice Ku yi hankali da wannan wukar Be careful with this knife: Hankali da kare ,Beware of dog' 2.Ko da = da, when; KO da -yaks, although, despite-- Ko da na to, sal na tarar ya tafi When Icamel. I found that he had Ko da yaks ni.zo, ban-same shi ba Even though1 came,I didn't find him in 11 r_^ 4' Leson:12. ABINCI . ;. LESSON 12 ABINCI soya (v. n. smya) ,'fry 1.. Suva Da. Tuva. toya (v.n. tuya); deep-fry Yadda ake soya nama, da farko za a samcr murhu da itace da kara, sai a. kunna wata, murhu, stove, fireplace sannan iii-kalo.,kasko, a Mori a kan murhu kara, kindling inda. wuta take. A kawo!mai,a. zuba a. cikin kunna, light kasko, ayanka albasa, a sa a cik'in mai. kasko, earthenware bowl- Idan mai ya-tafasa,. sai a wank* nama, a sa dbra, Out gishiri, a zuba. a-cikin 'man, .h crauko tafasa, boil koshiya a- riki juyawas, yana kumfa, ana ta gishiri, salt' Juyawir Da haka har sai ya daina kumfa, ya Roshiya, woadenladle yi ja. A kwashe, a bars, 'ya huce. Shi ke juya,' stir .nan, an gams soya nama ke nan. kumfa, 'foam, froth' kwashs,. collect Kamar yaddaake soya nama, haka ma ake huce, cool som kifi. KWai -ma ana soya shi. Ana kirar soyayyen Fogai wainar kwai. Ko kuma in ana so a toya.kosai, ga yadda za a yi. Za a kawo luddayi, a :rika, di ban luddayi, ladle ana zubawa a cikin tafasasshen mai, zuba, pour ,har sai kaskon ya cika da za a daina zubawa. Bayan minti biyar za a sa kara a juyakosan, sama ta koma-kasa, kasa ta koma sama' Bayan minti biyar shi ma,a. sa abin kwaahewa -- shi ne matsami-- a tsamw ,shi eatsami, ladle with . tsaf, a zuba a kwano. Shi ke nan. holes 2. Cincin. Baturiya: Menene wannan a kan warnarL. yarn a cikin akw&ti mai gilas? gilas, glass Gambo: Ba kf san shi pa?Ai cincin ne. B: Ai ban san shi'ba. Ana ci ne? ana ci. 141 Da me da me ake yinSa? filawa, flour .Gt Ana yihsa da filawa d yisida yis, yeast B: Ana soyawa ne,ko ana,gasawa? gasa, roast - 73 - ..Lesson 12 ABINCI EN, Ala, ana toyawa. B: Yaya,ake:yinsa? G: /a ki sami fiawa da yis, da kuma fcwai. Ki Xwa6a ilawar tare da kuma kwa6a, mix into a paste Ki bar *hi kamar awa hdcfu. Kafin .awa hucru yeskumbura. Sai ki kawo mai, ki sa a kaskol-ki cfora a kan wuta Idan man ya tafasa, ki rikagutsirar Pilawa, lutsira, breaking off Dina sakawa 'cikin mai, har kaskon ya pieces Bayan ninti biyarl. sai ki kwashe.' .saka = sa Cincin ya yi. Sai ci!. B: Cincin iri cfaya ne? 6: A' a.Iri hud'u ne; Akwai na farko wanda . aka sa sukari da kwai, Na biyu wanda ake sa ricri a samansa. Na.uku wanda ake sa kifi, a cikinsa Na hulu wanda ake sa nama a cikinsa..WaSandaAke'sa' rid'i da rid'i, sesame seeds 'sukari ake sa musu.\ Wad'anda kuma. ake ,sa kifi ko nama, ake sa -muse, B: Nawa ne kud'insu? G: At ya danganta ga irin wanda ake so. danganta, depend Masu sukari ba su kai tiadar masu nama ba da kifi. Masu nama da kifi, ana sai da kwaya d'aya sule.uku. Masu sukari,ana- kwaya, single unit sai da guda hucru sure biyu. 3. Gasqi. gashi, roasting Tsire da Kilishi. Tsire, a tukuba Akegasa shi. A tsinke tukuba, mound of ashes za a- tsira, a hura wuta-,. a soka -a-tukuba, -tsinke, _wooden skewer_ ,Bayan. gaba ya gasu, sai ajuya baya, shi ma soka, pierce ,ya gasu. Shi ke nan, angama.gashi. tsira, pierce Ga kuMa. yadda ake shiryakilishi, Ku samo. wu1:a da nama,_.ku facrada namanda shanya, spread out to dry -Wukar, ku.hanya a kan karan gado, sannan karan gado,bed made of ku samo tunkuza da ruwa, ku zuba a kwarya sticks da barXono da gishiri da. kanin fari da tunkuza, peanuts with oil citta mai yatsa. Sat' ku dama a . cikin extracted kwaryar, ku cfauko tsokan nama, ku tsoma a citta mai yetsa, ginger cikin damun nan, ku kuma sake mayar da shi root karan gadon, sai ya bushes Yadda ake dama, mix with water - 74 - Lesson 12 ABINCI gasawal shi 'ne: a sami gawayi, a zuba a damu, watery mixture diRin murhu, a kunna wuta ciki. .Sayan ta _bush., dry .gama cil- hayed ya Pare, sai a kawo .waya 'haYaki, smoke mai raga-raga, a fora a -Ranmurhu, sai a raga-raga, wire netting Rawo naman, a shimfida a kan° 'Jaya, ,har ya snimfita, sreaci out gasa kamar minti talatin, sannan a Jaya baya., b. Sauran Abubuwa (Nama) . .1.(amar, yadda kuka karanta a sama, to,'duR l'aRa ake gashi. Abubuwan da ake gisawa sun. hafa da: kaza Da farko, "za a yanka kazar, a fed*, sa' an nan a bankare,ta, a fedi; remove-skin fora a Ran waya a casa. Akan bankaril twist outwar'd% barbad'a gishiri da yaji. waya, wire . barbaft, sdinkle balangu - Shi balangu an fi yi da kayan kayan'ciki, entrails ciki. In an sami kayan Cikin, sai -a yanyanka manya-manya, a gasa, ana yi, ana barbada gishiri. In ._an gama kuma a ci dayaji4 nama Shi nama kamar yadda ake balangu aRe'yirsa.,DuRkansu ana sa musu gishiri, kuma akan ci da yaji. ragwazo. Ragwazo nama ne wanda 'aka yanyanka,- amma da kauri kwarai, kauri, thickness kuma aka sa masa dan_kuli-P:uli, kuli-kulii.fried,groundnut aka gasa kamar balangu. bal ls c. Saurian Abubuwa (ban da nama) . Da .nama kawai ake gasawa'ba. -Har ma da- abubuwa-da -za ku karanta a gaba. rogo Rogo, aria gasa shi ta hanyar sa shi a ciRin gartlashin wuta, wato a binne shi a c i k i. Bayan kamar minti goma sha biyar k sai a jawo shi daga wuta, a Bare, a ci. dankali Shi ma danka4. 1 kamar roc(' ake- gasa shi. gyada Da Farka za a sami yashi ko - 75 - Lesson .12 MBINCI tankacracrefiyar kasa a- zuba a tankatille, wi'hnow with kasko. Sai a d'ora kaskon a kan. sieve murhu. Idan yashin ya yi sosai, sai a zuba gyad'ar. Za-a riIa juya gyad'ar acikin .yashi har sai ta yi. gyada mai gishiri. 2a a Bare gyada, a sami Aishiri, a zuba masa ruwa, sa' an nan a rika sa.gyadar a ana . jujjuyawa. 'Sai a shanya gyad'ar. In ta. bushel sai a.gasa ta a yaShi. 4. Suva. Har ila you akwai wasu abubuwada 'ake soyawa. Misali: aya Itaayaa cikin kasko ake soya ta, ba .bare da kasa ba. Idan an soya, sai a dafa sikari da ruwa, a sa ayar .nan a ciki. Sikarin ana jujjuyawa. Daga nan sai a shanya* ta- bushe,- a ci. Wani lokacin kuma, za a sa ta a sikari. fashe Fashe gurjiya ceda ta. bushe. ,guriiyal"peanut 15Ti a jika aishiri, a sa jika, make wet g.trjiyar a ciki, ana jujjuyawa, sa'annan a shanya. Idan ta bushel sai a soya to kamar gyada. In ana soya ta za to rika fashewa. gugUru Shi duouru da-masara busasshiya, ake yi. Sai a sarni kasko, a To, shafa, smear- . shafa masa dan mai kadan. sai a -rika -zuba masarar a ciki- ana jujjuyawa. Akan sa masa gishiri ko sikari ta yadda .ake sawa.gyada 14.o aya. 5. Gurasa. aatuiya: Sannu da aiki. 7:2..Aha: sannu kadat. - 76 - ABINcl B: Me kake sayarwa? BEST G:Gurasa. P: NP ce ce 'gurasa? Sz Ba ki sari guraSa ba? B:.I, han.sani ba! G: Kira soki sani? P.: I, ina so. G: To, gurasa ta kasu Na farko akwai wacca yi da filawa: akwai kuma wacca ake yi da alkama. Wacca ake yi da filawa, ana samun garin filawa, a kwa6a da ruwa, a kawo yis, a:jika da kanwa. Sai a kawo wannan ruwan doi aka kanwa, potash jiP:a da kanwa da yis, a lzuba a. kan wannan filawa da aka kwa6a da farko. A sake kwASawa. A bar ta bayan awa biyu lokacini-ta:.kumbura. Shi ke nan,ki jika tokal.ki samo kara, ki karairaya,'ki. zuba 4 cikin tanderu, karairaya, oreak into pieces sa wuta. Bayan wutar ta cinye, sai tanderu, oven 40 .ke crauke ruwan tokar, ki yayyafa. a cikin yafa, sprinkle tarde,...u. :(awe_ wannan filawa, ki riP:a . / gutsiral. kina likawa a cikin tanderu daa ciki. In ya cika, sai ki sa faifai, ki rufe aakin tanderun. Bayan minti biyar, ki kawo g:okob karami da .koko, smallcalabash wuA:a,ki audb.tanderun, ki rika sa kokon da wukar, kina kankaro aurasar. Sai ci! 2: Ti:', nawa ne kucfin gurasan nan? G: Sule sule ne. B: To, kawo guda biyu! E. kurna. Kamar yadda kuka karanta a baya, haka ma_ akwai wacransu abubuwa da akegasawia.. algaragisKamar yadda ake gurasar filawa, haka ake algaragis, sai dai shi alrlaragls, yana as 1aushi, kuma' - 77 - .Lesson 12 ABINCI akan yi shi kambu-kaMbu kuma ana sa sikari a filawar. alkubus ' Shi alkubus, da alkama ake yinsa. Sai a sami alkama, a xwatla da ruwan-tsamiya,a- yi ta buountal sa' an nan a kyale ta ta hau. /In ta .hau,'sai a rika hau, rise mulmulawa, ana sawa a' madambaci don/ a.turara, daga nan sai a ci .da/tausher. ;,.. dashishi Dashishi ma kamar alkubusyake. Sai dai dan ruwa kad'an ake sa wa ./alkamar, sannan a': 'sa a madambaci. Ana ci di miya ko da Aono. wasa-wasa Da wa4e da gishiri wasa-wasa. Sai,a'nika wake,' a had'a da ruwa kacfan,-a- cikin kwarya. Sai a. zubi gishiri. Daga nan, sai 0-shanya waken, ya bushe..... BA/ An 110n._ a sa madambaci. Ana ci da miya. 7. Dafuwa: Tuwon dawa. Yadda ake dafa tuwo, :a a saka tukunya a kan murhu, kuma a sa itace a cikin murhu, a hura wuta, sai a zuba ruwa a cikin tukNnyar. Lokacin da ruwan ya yi zafi,' ya tafasa, kamar minti arbalin, sai a Tebo garin dawa, a zuba a cikin kwarya,.a zuba ruwa a ciki kuma, a dama'da muciya, a zuba muciya, flat spoOn a 'CiRin tafasasshen ruwa,/a sa- muciya, a juya. BayaA kamar minti.goma -sha biyar, sai-shi dafu. In ya dafu, za. a kawo\gari, a zuba a cikin rucfe,a sa muciya, a rika tukawa, har tuka, stir ya tuku"soai. Sai a baril ya yi kathar rude, stir while cooking minti coma sha biyar, sannan a kawc' rnara,a mara, piece of calabash for rikakwashewa. Shi ke nan, sai a kawo dipping out tuwo miya. Dafuwa: Tuwo. t.uwon gero kamar yadda ake-tuwon. dawa, to, haka ma ake na gero. - 78 - / 1 Lesson 13 AONCI a. tuwon masara Masara ma, yadda ake tuWon dawa haka ake yin-tuwonta. tuwon shinkafa s!ninkafa ya bambamta da saura .tuwaye. Sh i, shinkafar kawai za a dafa kuma a tuka. Dafuwa: Sauran Abubuwa . . , . :Eta_ shinkafat_d.a.fa_ da ruwa,a sa . gishiri,a' ci da miya ko da mai. masara Masara, dafa ta ake yi a ruwa, ha tare da an cire ganyenta ba. In ta dafu, sai a cire ganyen, a' ci 'haka. fura Ita fura da gero ake yinta. Da farkol-sai a dafa gero. In ya dafu, sai. _a .sa cikin turmi, a daka. In ana dakawa, 'za a rika zuba ruwan zafi. Kadan ya daku, kadan = idan, when,if .10 sai a kwashe dagaturmi, a rika mulmula furar. Ana ,sha da nono. Mulmula, knead into balls sakwara Da farko, sal ku dafa doya. Idan ta dafu, sai ku sa a turmi, ku daka, kuna yi, ' kuna zuba .ruwan zafi, Idan ta daku, sai kit kwashe ku mulmule. ,Shi ke nan, sai ci da miya. kunu Da farko, sal a nika gero Sai a-tankacrei a San lukwi ideophone). _Sebi garin, a zuba a'Awaryal completely_ sannan a zuba !Sian ruwan zafi a ciki. ,4 yi ta. jujjuya kwaryar don yin gaya. Idanan. yi gayan, sai" a zuba a cikin afasasshen ruwa wanda yake kan wuta. In--an San sai a b.& d'ebi ragowar garin nan, a dama da ruwan sanyi, a kuma zuba a cikinruwan zafin, Sai a rufe tukunyar. Sayan kamar mi.nti 15 $4.? 20, sai a juye ruwan a f i n a kwarya. Idan ya huce, sai a sa sikeri, a sha. --79 Cti Lesson ABINC1 .- 8. Miya. Idan zaa yi miya, sai tafasa .mai, da albasa, a sa nama a ciki. In na'man ya Oyu, sai a zuba markadadde tattasai-, tumatiri, attaruhu, albasa, barkono, da kabewa (intausha za a yi). to a yi ta sa wuta, sai markacren ya soyu. Kadan ya soyu, sai a,tsai da ruwa, watt' a tuba ruwa daidai yadda ake so. Can, ruwa 4st:one,amma- k-af-irrya-kone sai a kad'a abin da ake so, kama. kuka, karkashi, da sauransu. Ire-iren miya sun hada da miyar kugewa, da kuma ire-iren miya da ake yi as ganye kamar su: miyar kuka miyar,alaiyahu miy/ar karkashi miyar shuwakA -miyar tafasa miyar zogale, miyar turgunniya, da sauransu. cikin miya akwai wadanda suka dan bambnta da sauran eta ,muka lissafa a caraa. Su rte : dage-dage Ita 44annan miya, ba' a kada mata komai, kuma ana sa 'meta nama sosai. .Amma kamaryadda aka fad'a a sama, haka. ake yinta da kuma sauran da zaMu lissafa. taushe Taushe -da- yakuwa ake yi. Ita--- kamar--yadda muka facra a 4' samay haka aki yi, amma ana sa' mata kabewa/a markatfental gani kuma/har da gyada. farfesu Shi farfesu kamar dagw-dane yake. Amma, shi, ana sa masa kayan kanshi da yaji'sosai. 9: Suva Abuhuwan-da ake,syawa, akwai wacranda suka hacru da kamar su: 8,f v Lesson: 12 1 waina Ita waina, ana, yinta dA shinkafa I da nono. Dafarko, Mai a dafa -shinkafar,. a had tea -cinonan,. a bar su su kwana;'In an t ashi'da safe, sai, a sa tanderui a toya. sinasir, Shi sinas;r yinsa da alkam.4. Sai.a aikaMar,da ruwa da .nono. bar wannan kwanain.- waye,,s0 A toya' kamar yadda ake :toya wainat,sai dai a nan za, a yi da San ruwa-ruwa. A markacfa attatai d -albasa, sannIn a tuba .a cikin markacfacfSen Wake, a kuma ZulA " gishirt. To; ya ' hacfu 14.e nan. fanke Shi faiike da garin:Fil,awa da yis da sikari ake yi. Sai a dunk. el 'a toya. funkaso Funkaso kamar fanke yaks, 'Amma shi da 'al.kama ake kuma ba sikari. Ana cinsa da miya. cincin A sama kun karantat yadda ake.yin, cincin. :Kamar. Yadda,kuka gani, '` ya- da fanke wajen' yi. Sai dai shi cincin, akan'sa wani abu kamar nama ko ki_fi a tsakiya,-kuma: ana- sa Fmai da,, madara wa*7 haWA shi. bakilawa pakila4a, da riWi:da Pcwai da v garin fdlawa da yis.da sikari ake. yi.''-__Da farko sai a kwa&a filawarda ruwi sosait' sai a z'.iba riSin da kwai da yi,s dA sikari. Sai a bari ya hau. In ya hau, sai a, yi facfk da shi, -4 fadi, width toya. . dubilan Shi dubilan, da Apiai da filawa. da sikari -ake ik. Idan an ,kwaSa filawar da sauran kayan, sa" a 'facfacfashi,yazarna rnara.kaur.. Daga nan sai a kulla a toy . - 81 ADINCI Akar\shafamasa dafaffen .sikari. alkaki Alkama za a..barzA a-kwa6a da -ruwa kacran, a .kuma tuba dan notlo. A bari 'ta hau. Idan ta sai a rika. .murzawa ,anA kullawa, sannan a toya. Ana' shafa zuMa ko dafaffen sikari a bayan, takalmi. Takalmi, da alkama da sikari ake yinsa. Za a sami alkamar da aka, .1% nikal.a kwA6a da d'an ruwa, a yi facri da ita, sannan a kyale ta, ta shA iska. a.toya ta, kuma'a shafa sikari a bayan. ) e-son AHINCI GRAMMAR 1. (Kamar) adda haka ma sea, Justas ....,so ... Kamanadda ake soya mama, haka maake soya kifi Just as meat is fried, so is fish 2. Participles. tafasa, boil tafasasshev boiled' dafa, cook "dafaffe, cooked markaea, grid with water markadaddel ground with water tankadle, winnpw tankadanfel winnowed wa in a.reative clause., Note fhe differente'rir meaning in the following' two sentences,.. depending onswhether the relative clause contains. Wa: Akwai.wanda.,ake sa_5.uarj. Akwaiwanda ake sa wa sukari In .the first sentence, it is understood that suga is used inthe process of making the ..product, while in thesecond, it i 'understood ,that ssugar.is added after the product has been. made., VOCABULARY 1. soya and toya. Both terms mean 'to fry', but technically soya means to fry in oil and toys means to deep-fry in oil. .For example, suya typically .r_ama4 dankali, doya, ..., and tuya typically applies to kosait \ - 2. Words fOr describing position-. \ sama, on top kasa, on the bottom gaffe, on the side Raba, dn front baja, behind karkashi, beneath tsakiya, in the middle, dama, on the' right hagu, on the left A sauna na ajiye agogo NIL Duba a kasa Ya za4na a We. A Baba yaks, ba.baya ba Kucrin a karkashi yaks, ba a sama ba -In-zaki tafi-kasuwa, ki bi ta dama, ba ta hagu ba- 3. a kan Note that a kan may be either used or not used in specifying the price for which something is boUght'or sold. Ana sai da, kwaya ceaya(a, kan) sults 3 -Na saye shi (a kan) sule 5 Similarly, a kan may. be left, out in: Na mayar da shi (a kan) karan gadon 0 4. 6are v fere. Ahrewa removal of the skin or peel from an object whose skitn or - 84 Lesson 12 ABLNCI \ peel is easy to rF:Alove without damaging the item. Ferewa is used for 4 cases where part: of the item has to be removed along'with the skin. Examples: &are ayaba rake lemo gyada dafaffen dankali -Ir'regul-ar-verb etba. This. verb has the, form tribe when itis not followed by a direct object and tibam before an indirect object pronoun..The verbal'noun is tribe (masc.), DtherwiSel the root is.deb-:. Na Mebi ruwa Na Mobs su Na Mebo ruwa f. t. -85-- Lesson 13 AIRIN RINI LESSON 13 AIKIN RINI rini, dyeing Bala: Sannunku da aiki. Damba:. Yauwal sannu kadai. B: Aikin me ake a nan? rii. 8: Wad'ancan, su ne ramukan rini? rani, pl. ramuka, hole D;I, su ne. Kuma muna kiransiA tukwanen tukunya,: pl. tukwane, pot baba, ko kuma-karofi. baba, indigo karofi, dye pits B: Daga ina ake samun baban? D: muna amfani 'da baba na garga)iya.. na gargajiya, traditional . Amma-yanzu-tana-da wahalar-samu.- Saboda-- haka, .muna. arnfani da baba irin na Turawa, na cikin gWangwani.' gwangwani, tin can B: Da me kuke had'a baban? hada, mix, combine r)1 L#4.nnan tambayar, ka tambayi makwabcina. maf6mabci, neighbor Zai, fi ba ka cikakken bayani.. cika, fill bayani, explanation B: Yaya kuke rina zane? rina, dye D:.To,..wannan ya danganta da irin yaddA ake, danganta, depend hukatarsa. Ward. lokaci akan tura shi. tura, dye gabadayansa. Ward lokaci 'kumal./akan masa 'yan zane-zane masu kawatarWa: kawatal make good-looking easukawatarwa, 8: Yaya kuke yin zane-zane din?. interesting zaner-zane, designs 0:-Muna yin zanezanee; to hanyar daddaura ''aura, tie, fasten fananan dUwatsu. Ta haka,sit zane -zanen kanani (p101 small za 51.1fit':' sarai. Wato, ba susami dutse,pl. duwatSu,stone shafuwa ba lokacin da aka tlioma tilfafin shaft, affect cikin tukunyar baba. tsoma, dip tufafi, garments 19:'Kukan. bar,zanen ya dade a cikin baban? . D: A' a,_ Da an tsomai a diki, shi Ke ?an. da = da.zarar, as soon as .Sai a' mammatsa da hannw_don tabbatar matsa, squeeze Shi ke nanl. sai a tabbatar, make sure s- 86.- 410 Lesson 13 AIKIN RINI fitar. B:.Ana tsomawa sa d'aya kurum? v D: Ai analiya tattsomawa har sai ya yi baki 'silik, yadda ake bukata. . iilik (i4eophoe), extremely. B: Daga nan, fa? Kukan kwance duwatsun?. kwance, unt ie D: Ala. Akan bari 'sai ya bushe tukuna. Kuma in 17.4ri za a yi, sai a kai wa turi, verbal noun, of tura barorin, marina, su buga. bara, pl. barori, servant .1 Lesson 13 AIKIN RINI GRAMMAR 1.'Repetition of specifier in'consecutive clauses. The sequences wani... wani wata wata, etc., are used to express the meaning 'some ... andanother ...'. E. g. : Wani lokaci akan tura shi Baba Wayansa. . Wani lokaci kuma, akan yi masa "yin zane-zane On some occasions, it is all dyed'one color. On others,it receives little patterns Na ba wani riga. Ilan* kuma, na ba shi hula I gave someone a gown, and I. gave someone-else a hat a plus Non-relative Completive = da zarar, as soon as. Da an tsoma a ciki, sai a mammatsa da hannu As soon as At has been dipped inside,it is wrung, with the hands. O 1 - 88 41 Lesson 13 AIKIN RINI VOCABULARY 1, fi means not only 'exceed' but also 'excel': Makwabcina zai fi ba ka cikakken bayani My neighbor will be better able to give you a fullexplanation ----,--- Na fi_ _iya lissafi yanzu I car, count better now 2. samu refers riot only, to obtaining concrete objects but also abstract ones: Ha za su sami shafuwa ba . They won't be affected ... Ti sami lafiya She regained ,her health Ya sami nasara He won a victory Ban sami zuwa ba 1-didn't have-the chanCe to .go-} 89 - 'Lesson 14 KIRA LESSON 14 KIRA Bashir: Barka da .Mamman: Barka kadai. B: Kai! Warman wuri, akwai zafi! M: I, dole ne ya yi zafi ka ganin, da wuta muke aiki? B: Yaya kuke yi har minnan wuta to ruru? ruru, spread M: Muna hura ta da zuga-zugi har to ruru. hura, fan zuga-rzugi, bellows B: Na ji an ce kuna sarrafa karfe yadda sarrafa, shape kuke so. Yaya kuke yi? M: I, ba shakka. Yadda muke yi, shi ne za -mu' sa R:arfe-a-wuta,--muYi -ta-hurawal-har- sai-ya yi ja zur. Sai mu amfani da zur .(intensifier) hantsaki, mu Saukokarfen daga.wuta,. hantsaki, forceps kuma_ mu Sora shi a kan uwar makera, mu uwar maker*, anvil 1 yi. ta bugiwa da guduma har ya yi yadda, guduma, sledge hammer muke so. B: Idan kirfe ya yi sanyi loKacin da ake bugawa, fa?- M: Sai mu koma da shiowutal in.ya yi ja, sai Mu fitar da shi, mu ci gaba bugawa. B: 'wannan hanya ne kuke yin duk abubuw6? M: I, kwarai kuwa. B: To, kamar me dame kuke kerawa? M:_Muna era abubuwa da dams, musamman makarnai da kayan aikin gona. Makamai makami, weapon 'kamar Su kibiya da mashi da wukal kayan kibiya, arrow aikin gona kamar sugarma,,dafartanyal mashi, spear da lauje.- / garma, large hoe fartanya, small hoe 7 B: Na ji an de makera suke kera kayan ado sick ]1e kamar Su zobe da San kunne, amma ban ji ka ambace su ba. ambata, mention - 90 - 9'1 I. Lesson 14 WI RA rvi I, ni makerin baki ne,ba maerin f 're ba. Domin kuwa makerin fari shi y ke kera wadancan kayan adon da ka ambata. kayan ado, jewelry . L. - 91 - C.* C) Lesson 14 KIRA GRAMMAR 1. Clefting o f prepositional phrases and adverbs. Cleft Phr4s-eS 'Non=Cleft Phrases_ -- Da wuta muke aiki Muna a da wuta 'Da kuifi aka sheani. Ana sfta'ani.dakudi Da su aka'zo An S da su Da sauri muka tafi gidan Mu tafi gidati da sauri A hankali muka yi wannan aikin M nyf wannan aikin a hankali A Soya muka'/yi shi ,)Mun yi shi a Boy. Sannu sannu"akan yi wannan aikin Akan yi wannan aikin tannusannu c.t PrepoSed adverbial clause. Yadda-muke yi, shi ns -za Mu' sa Urfa a wuta The way we do it is to put me al in the fire ... Note that tne future za mu ta could be replaced by-the subjunctiCie: mu sa with no difference in meaning. A few wore examples of preposed adverbial clauses: -.Yadda muka sadu, shi ne mun gamu a gidan Sarki Inda na gan ta, shi'ne a wurin da muka yi wasa Lesson 14 KIRA VOCABULARY .--Verbs of moton with da. A verb of ruc't'ion (e.g.koma, tafi) followed by da often takeS, a causative `meaning. E.g.: Mu koma da'shi.-wuta Let's put 'it back int the fire /an zo da su Kano l'll'brin4 them to Kano Sun tafi da ita Zaria They took her to Zaria ji,-can be followed by a. full Sentence wdth or without a direct object immediately befc're the sentence, sometimes with a difference in meaning: Ban ji ka ambace su ba. I didn't hear you mention them Ban ji ka.ka ambace su ba I didn't hear you when you mentioned them, Na ji--kana magana Na ji ka kana magana I heard you speakies - 93-- 9 / 'Lesson 15 NONA :.LESSON-t5 NdMA Ha6Sawa sun Jima suna'yin noma. Kuma ba wanda ,zai ce 4a lokacin da .suka fara:: yin noman, kamar yadda °aka rani cewa ba a sari lokacin da aka fara yin noma ba a wannan duniya tame. Saboda haka ne- ma Hausawa sukan yi wa norda kirari'kamar haka: "Noma ' ts':hcr. ciniki, kowa ya zo duniya, kai ya tarar." Noma yana da amfani Matuka ga jam& ar Hausawa., Pomin daga shi ne -suke samun abincin da suke ci, da'kuma kud'in da kashewa wajen sayen kayan bukatu biyan bukata, ol-bukatu, needs; haraji da dai sauransu. haraji, poll tax Watakila wani zai so ya san yadda ake yin wannan sana'a, da kuma: irin kayan abinci da na marmari da akesamu daga marmari, desire Bona. Haka ma ta.yiwu ya bukaci .ya, san . bukatal need Ar.in kayayyakin noma da ake amfani da su wajen-noman. 1. GYARA FILI. To, da' farko dai,idan wuri daji. ne, mutUm zai fara-saSsare itatuwan da ke sassare, cut down wannan wuri. Sannan sai ya ci gaba da --kaftun filin daga baya kuma, ya .bale kasar. kaftu, diggin ground for Awma.idan'da ma wajen gona.ce, to, abin da planting zai -yi- kawai sai ya sassare-ko. cizcizle bade, tustliyoyin amfanin gonar na_bara. Watau cizcizge, dull dai ya samd wani ..masassabi 'ya sassabe tushiya, corn roots left Zn gonar. ground after reaping masaimabil axe-like Wannan ana yi ne fa tun kafin ruwa ya haryesting to9l, sa'.tka. Wasu manoman kan. yi jarife kafin a sassabe, clear land -fara noma. -Haka-kuMa akan tuba taki irin jarifeaking -a new ridge na gargajiya'a gonar, a baje shi a wannan from the sides of two ,former lokaci da ake yin jarife. Wannan ya zama ones karnar abinci ne ga wannan kasa ta gonar. taki, manure 'Wasu manoman kuma, a sannan suke'yin binnen bihne, sowing E. SHUKA. 94 - Lesson 15 NOMA To,.bayan an yi wannan aiki, sai a jira zuWan ruwa. Lokacin da ruwan fari ya sauka, sai manomi ya :crauki sunguminsa da. sungumi, long-handled hoe. irin- .da -zai-shuka, ya .tafi gonarnal- ya iri, -seed ke nan. -Idan kuwa gerb:ne, akan karyi wasu burning or fodder kawunan. lokacin da ake yin.girbil'a yi .tumu Poona, burn ca. su.,- toka, ash tumu, first roasted ripe To, wannan shi ne irin noman da ake yi, heads of bulrush millet wa kamar su dawa da gero da maiwa. Ita maiwa,' type of millet kuma masara, karita. ake aryewa, a bar masara, corn karanta tsaye. .Shinkaia da alkama kuwa, karya, break yankarsu ake yi, kamar yadda ake yankan shinkafal.rice shucii ,kuwa, ba yi masa noma ko Alkama,wheat hucra. Shi dai cirarsa(ake yi. shuci,, dry glass for thatching riti, sesame seed 3. CIN AMFANIN GONA.- To, bayan an gama girbi ne, an yi yanka, an.kai hatsi rumbu, an ajiye,.-sai a.saurari h ti, grainseuch'as gem zuwan kaka. Da cowa kaka ta zo,_ to .sannal o dawa za :a dinga fito da hatsin nan daga rumbu, 'kaka, harvest season ana sussuke shi, ana- kaiwa kasuwa don sussuka, thresh sayarwa. Sai dai a tuna da cewa ba duk hatsin rumbun nan '.ake sayarwa ba. A iya wanda za a sayar don sayen wasu iya limit kayan bu.atu,' ake fitarwa sauran, kuma sai a dingaamfani da shi wajen abinci, har wata dam nar ta sauka. Irin kayan bukatO da suke aye kuwa, sun haddada-gishiri da gishiri, salt kananzir da sabulu da kayan noman, kamar su kananzir, kerosene -fatanyal sangwami, gatari, -garma, da sabulu, soap lauje. gatari, axe lauje, small sickle. Haka kuma sukan-crinkasababbin tufafi. Don was.1 ma sukan. yi sabon aure idan kaka ta yi kyau. To,ita kaka takan ,zo ne kafin hunturi, wani lokacin kuma sukan zo lokaci Ihunturul harmattan Lesson 15 NOMA GRAMMAR 1. tun kafin, even before. Ana yi no tun kafin ruwa ya sauka. They do it even before the rains. begin An yi shi ne tun kafin ruwa ya sauka They did it even before the. rain began Za a yi shi ne tun katfin ruwa ,a 'sauka They will .do it even'before the rain begins da Cswa, as 'soon as Da cswa wannan shuka ta tsiro, to sai manomi\--ya dauki fatanyarsa 3.,' ar sai + perfective = har, until Za a bar shukar haka, ,har sai ta fare kwari, Mukan karfe a wuta, har sai ya yi ja zur d. I Lesson 1 NOMA VOCABULARY 1. karya (Grade 2), 'break a piece off something else. Compare this to the meaning of karya (Grade Jr),break: . - Akan karya wasu kawunan gero The heads are removed fromhthe.millet stalks Akan karya karan gero The millet stalk is broken (in two) 2. Verbs of bringing. Along with the verbs kAi and kawo, which directly translate English 'take' and:bring', Hausa has other means of expressing these same concepts. fThese ivolve the use of a verb of motion, . such as tafi, 'zo, fita, fito, followed by a verb phrase.. Za a dinga fito da'.hatsin nan -They-willontinue bringing out this grain Za mu tafi'da ke kasuwa We'll take you to the market Mun zo .da shi We brought him yesterday (Alternatively,I came with him yesterday. Ina so in fita da wannan lit.tafi I want to take this book out wiAthm A. Lesson 16. AIKIN KAFINTA LESSON '16 AIKIN KAFINTA . , Bature: Salamu alaikum, Barka da aiki. Kafinta: Aiiikum salamu. Barka kadai. B: Na kawo maka wani San aiki ne, kuma da hanzari nake bukatarsa.eBan sani ba ko hanzari, hurriedness kana da damar yi? K: Babu 'shakka, akwaiAni da ayyuka- da shakka, doubt dama. Kamar yadda kake gani yanzu, ina aiki, p1. ayyuka, work fama a wata kujera. Amma duk da haka, dama, chance ka ga4-mani bukatarka. In mai yiwuwa fama, heavy involvement ne, a .sai in yi. ! . TO, rr tat-a-0---''-t-uh-tuni take damuhit -in- saya mamma wata 'yar karamar kujera wadda- Za torinka zama a kai, yayin ,datake ayyukan'gida. K:. Ayyo!. In dai irin wannan .kake so, zan shawarce ka da ka tafi kasuwar kurmi.\ A 'can za, ka ami irin wannan kujerar da masassaka ..yi musammandon amfanin masassaki,. wood carver. mat a. B: Ai_daga can kasuwar_nake. Da akwai waSannan kujer6h a can. Amma kasa saye na. K Me ya hana ka.s-ayowa?- B:r Tsada.mana! Ai yanz4,.na fahimci irin wannan kujerar, tsada take yi. -K: I,ha mamaki-.- -Ka.san irin- wannan kujerar tana . da wuyar' yi. kwarai da gaske. Masassaka na yin abubuwa kamar. kujera, ko kuben. wuka, kO.Poptar garma., kube, knife handle ko kwarin kibau, ko turmi, ko.taBarya, Rota, hoe handle ko akushi, da dai sauransu. Amma garma,lirce hoe hanyar da s'.ike bi, dabamitake da yadda kwari, sheath'. mu kafintoci.ke yi. Mafi yawancin kay\an ktbiya,.pl. kibau, aikin,damuke _amfani da see sun sha arrow - 1 el Lesson 16 AIKIN KAFTNTA 5". bambam Amarai da gaske. turmi, mortar ,ta6ariya, pestle Wace hanya.masassaka suke.bil su-yi wani akushi, wooden container abu kamar kujera mata? bambam, difference K: Misaki,- mu .kafintoci, in mina bukatar yin wani abu kamar kabad, sai,kurum mu kabad, cupboard tafi *asuwa, mu sayo katako da kusoshi katako, boards daidai, gwargwadonyadda muka kiyasta. . kusa, nail cewa zai isa yin wannan kabad Win. Sai kiyasta, figure out kuma mu sayo fomeka da folish. da fomeka, forMica gisas419 da aralda 'da Cal sauran. folish, abubuwan da muke -j in za mu bukata don gilashi, glass hada wannan kabad. A' nan. wajen..araldal kind of gum sana'armu kuma, .munada abubuwanamfani na you da kullurn kamar su saya, zartol. saya, saw cizal, .samfefa, tef, da dai sauran zarto, file, saw kayayyaki, madanda da su ne :a mu yi cizal,' chisel amfani waken yanks katakon yadda muke samfefa, sandpaper mu harhadada,kusa, mu go;goge ya yi tef, tape sumul, mu sa gilashi, kuma mu manna hadOi_ciDnnott- fomeka yadda dole yi ba gage, rub sumul, smooth Su masassaP:a kuwa, da kansu za su manna, stick onto tafi daji su sami bish4yar da ta fi dacewada irin abin dasuke bukata. Saboda sun san yanayin itatuwa kwarai da yanayi, nature, various gaske. Sun san wacce za ta yi kyau da types akushi ko turmi da. dai sauransu. In sukA sami bishiyar .da suke so, su sa gatari, su sare ta. Sai su yi mata gatari, axe gunduwa-gunduwa daidai, iakapin irin gunduwa, lop . abubuwan da suke son yi da kuma iyakaci, limit, boundary girmansu. In kwale-kwale za a yi da kwale, canoe bishiyar, ;to, -ba- sai an -yanyanka- ta-ba. - Daga-'nan, sai ya -yi amfani da- masassabi ko.kuradal ya fara_ gyaggyAra masassabii gunduwar' -iccen yadda karaannun ibin.da axe-like tool yake son yi zai fara bayyana. Daga nan kurAda, chopping axe. kuma, sai ya yi amfani .da'gizago, ya ices, wood fara ainihin sassaka..) Yana yil yana kamannu, likaness: shape lura da irin sigar da ke fitowa, a gizagol. adze hankali har abin da yak so ya fit'_' siga, shape sosai. Daga nan, sat ya yi amfani da wani ganye da ake. ki.va "kause twatau wani .kausa4 plant with brit:tie irin ganye ne ,mai. kai.ishin gaske), ya leaves, used as sandpaper gage jikin abin da ya sassaka, har sai kaushi, roughness ya yi sumul -sumul yadda mai. saye-zai ji sma'awa. Sa'annan ya Wauko, ya kawo gari, ya sayar. - 99 - Lesson 16 AIKIN RAFINTA To, ka ji bambancin mu kafintoci da. masassaka ke flan.' Yawancin ab'.ibuwan da sake yi, da karfin tuwo sUke: babu.-kayan aiki da yawa. Nauru 'kuwa, ga 4.ayayyakin aiki nan.iri-iri, sai wanda-ka::a6a.. By To, na gode kwarai da wannan bayani. Yaya maganar kujec7ar? K: Ga.. wannan 'yar karamar kujerar, na.haca maka. Dab da zuwanka,. na fara had'a ta. Ga shi har na gama. Da.masassaki ne, da watakila ko bismiyar ba ta. gama sarewa ba! B: Kai, na gode! 0 Lesson 16 PIKIN KAFINTP GRAMMAR 1: yayin da = lokacin da. E.g.: Takan zauna a kan-kujera yayin da take ayyukan gida Jame& da yawa sun.zo Kano yayin da aka nada sarki Za mu zo Kano yayin da za a yi bikin 2. Inversion. Note that Kama says na yi is an inverted form Na kasa saye In lenerall to emphasize a verb phrase, one may substitute the corresponding verbal noun (in the example. above, theverbal noun is not different from the verb), place the verbal noun and its object (if any). at the beginning of the sentence, and insert yi in the position of the former verb. Lesson 16 AIKTN.KAFINTA 41. ma r-4: monosyllabic verb. For monosyllabic verbs, the normal agentiv form (masoyi,. mashayi, etc.) has a short counterpart (Maso, masha, etc.)1 in many cases, the short form is more frequent. E.g.: .Mali yawancin kayanmu sun sha bambam --The majority of our tools. are different Gidansa yana arewa maso yamma. His house is to the northweSt' Ai mutum ne maciamana is a betrayer of trust f - 102 - Lesson 16 ATKIN KAFINTA YOCAE02....ARY I. akwai Some sentences expressing "to have" can be ?arapmrased'with akwai. E. g. : 1 Akwai ni da ayyuka = Ina da. iyyuka Akwai su da kud'i = Suna da kuWi 2. "possible". mai yiwuwa no yana yiwuwa, t is possible fama, heavy involvement Muna fama da wannan aikin i.e.'We are intensely Occupied .with this task, so much,So that we don't \' /have time for anything else Ina fama da mutumin nan This man is a real neadache; \ to me' Tana fama da ciwon ciki She's suffering badly from a stomach ache- - 1.03 - Lesson 17 zARAUTA LESSON. 17 FARAUTA Wani ean b1irni ya sadu da wani mafarairtci a kasuwa, da kan mafarauci, h-enter kura ya ratya a Kan layin.'yan kura, hyena magani. 1o, abin ya ba shi .rataya, hang mamaki, ganin irin ..shigar .da magani, charm mutumin ya Don haka, sai ya ' shiga .yi wa mafaraucin nan tambayoyi kamar haka: it Dan birni: Malam, bark da wariak.a. Mafarauci: Barka ka dai. D: Don Allah, kai kuwa, yaya ka sami wannan kan kura? M: Ai, a. wajen.farauta na kama kura, na yanke kanta. D: Kai kuma, wane irin karfi Allah ya ba ka haka,- da hair: ka iya kama kura? M: Ai, a wannan, babe Farfi, sai dai asiri. asiri, charM for protection D: Ko. za ka yi mtr bayanin irinwannan shirin, da kuma ita\kanta farautar? M: Mwarai! Yanzu kuwa! To, bisimilla. M: To, da farko dai, sai. mutum ya shiryu, watau ya ci maganin karfe da na sandy da karfe,iron kau-da-bara da na layar zana, da dai. sanda, stick sauransu--kafin ma ya ce zai shiga 'in kauda-kara, charm against -farautae- being-wounded I layar zana, charm which, when D: To, mut um, shi kad'ai yake zuwa.farautar? squeezed, makes one invincible M: Wasu, su kad'ai suke yin farautarsu. Amnia a kasarmu, mukan had'u ne, mu. yi kunqiya, mu fita daji bayan kowa ya yi kunOya, group .shirinsa, ya eaura'su, eamaru. da guraye damara,ol. damaru, da layu da kambuna da dai samran kayan tubuI-0, belt asiri iri-iri. guru,pl. qurayae, tubular belt Lesson 17 FARAUTA 1^ 'D: To, wadanne irin makamai kuke tafiya da ambuf charm.worn on, forearm su? makami, p1. makamai,. M: Mukan cfauki kamar su takubba,,da takobi,ol. takubba, swold da gorori dalbarandamai da masu da kwari ol. wukikkel knife, da baka da d4i sauran. makamai. gora, bamboo stick barandami, hatchet YADDA AKE YIN%FARAUTA mashi, p1. masu, spear kwari, cuiver M: To, ka manta, ba ka gaya mini yadda ake baka, bow farautar ba. / M: Ai, yanzu ko, zan gaya maka. To, idan an 'shiga dajin.nan, ,akan had'u da wasu 'yan fdrautar na wasu garuruwan, to, kowa na da karnukansa. Yayin da-aka tashi wata dabba, to, kow4 zai curia karnukw,:isa ne don cuna, egg on su kama dabbar.] T: Kamar wadanne irin dabbobi? M: Kamar su dila ko gada ko zomo ko tunku dila, jackal -ko-yanyawa.da-dai-Saurantu.--- -gada, crested% duiker zomo, hare T: To, idan kai4e ya kama dabbar, yayaake tunku, mongoose yi? .yanyawa, fennec M: To, yayin da karen mutum ya kama dabbar nan, to, sai ya je, ya kifu a kanta. kifa, lay on something TO, sauran mafarauta fafidan sun zof ba dabbar za su hara ba. Shi wannan hara, raid mafaraucin, za su yi ta sara'da suka da sara, strike with iron duka. , 'D: Domin me? M: Domin sU g4 ko'mutum,ya shiryu ko bai --*_ shiryu ba. Idan mutum :!ya ci tauri taurig'invulnerability- to sosai, to, ,sai su gaji da yi masa metal weapons . . lugude. Amma ba abin da zai same shi. lugude, hiti.41 rotation Idan kuwa bai shiryu ba sosai, sai ma a kasha shi a nan. A irin haka ne facia yake-kaurewaa -tsakanin--mafarautand kaure, :,becorde serious-- -.,. ":Nbar da jini. , 4 6 II: To, yaya ka kama wannan kurar?, M: Ai, harbinta na yi. Sabodai.ta kura, karnuka ba sa binta, sai ta kashe su. FARAUTA 1 Lesson 17 1): To, ita fara'.ita, kuna yintane:domi.IY1 me? / M: Wasu suna yinta ne don sana9a.' Amma sau' da yawa, a wannan-_zamani, an fi yinta 0 domin nishan. nishad'i, fun T: To, a wane lokaci ake yinta? M: Mu, muna yinta ne lOkacin da,,kakata. kaka,'harvest time zo. jdan bazara to -1o,. sai bazara,hotseason shirye-shirYen noma... preceding rainy-season / . Kai! AMma fa, n&ji dic171.n wannan bayani da ka yi mini. Domin/4 dalni ban san '4 yadda ake yin farauta/ba. Na godel . / Mi Mida11a. 106 7 1 Lesson 17 FARAUTA ' GRAteiMAR 1. .shiga can oe used as an auxiliary verb, with the approximate meaning of fara, begin: Sai ya shiga yi masa tambayoyi Sai suka shiga aiki, Da zuwansa, sai suka shiga magana 2. Emphatic reflexive. The. emphaticreflexivecan appear either before or after the noun it modifies. E. g. Ita kanta farautarg-tana da wuya Farautar ita ,kantal tans da wuya Lesson 18 LESSON 18 SAKR Audu mai gwado ya :-kai. . wa- wani gwado,- woven white cloth Balarabe gwado 'da wani with stripes luru. To, gwadon nan yi sake,. talla, exposing wares for kamar ne 'ya yi shi. Sai/ sale Balaraben, abin da ya. ba sh-i' luru, fine woven cloth with shalaw47--di kuma mamaki, har shi black and white stripes rieya yi wa Audu wasu tambayoyi a inji, machine kansakar gargajiya. gargajiyal tracition AUDU DA. BALARABE Audu: Gafarta Malam, ga gwado da luru masi.I kyau. -Ko-za kasaya?, -Balarabe: Balarabe ya kar6a, yana,duba aayi-layin zaren da aka ratsa. layi, line, stripe ratsa, put na buee ma shi, ka ga girmansa da something in between I. kuma kyawun saIar. -kyawu = kyau B: Kai! Lallai wannan yana da kyau..A wace masaka aka. yi shi? Amma fa, wannan masaki, .weaving place inji, ba dhma! ba dama, it's wonderfull! A: Ai, wannan ba inji ne ya saka, shi .ba. _Mutum_ne.kamarka.:.ya.yi B: Kai! Amma f4,-wannan abin _MaMiaki Yaya ake yin irin wannan saka? Ana kayo ne.a'makaranta? AvA0a, ko kaean!:Ai, na gaya maka, wannan tsphuwar-sane-a- ce, ddn-tun--kafin-Turawa sane-a,-occupation- su zo ake Domin lokacin.da suka zo, sun ga ire-iren\kayan da aim!!! sakawa. Har ma suka dinga says, suns aikawa can Ingila, don a ga samfur samfur, sample r iri-iri. B: To,idan rnutum zai yi saka; da me da me zai nerna? - 108 - 112 Lesson 18 SPKA Al Kafin dai da fara %aka, dole ne a nemi j.zare ko abawa da allera, a yi wadarin. abawa, coarse thread zaren. . Sannan, sai .a rem,. kayan saki. alleral Meddle wairaril arran2in2 8: Akwai bambanci tsakanin sakar.maza da to thread for weaving mata? 9: KWaraiAcuwaI Domit kuwa, ita dai, ta maza, ita ce akl sakar fari da -saki. faril strip of natural - 1 ita kuwa, ta mats, ta gwado ce kawai. white cloth filayan .haka kuma,ita ta mata, kayanta saki, cotton material of abu yawa. Allera ce da akwasa ;da black andblue strands dan-jifa da kuma Ainshikan itace guda woven into tiny check biyu.. Kuma, ba sa aiki da )mataki. pattern Sannan, a6in da suka saga ya fi-na maza fadi. SAKAR GWADO I IB: To, yaya mata ke yin sakar gwado? kamar yadda,na. fad'a da faril sukan kafa-dirkokin-nan-masa---gwafa:guda-biyu: dirks,forked stick Sannan su diura wani itace jikin 1 dirkokin daga kasa, sai kuma daura wani daga sama a kan gwafofin .nan. Bayan hakal 'sai su yi zubin zare ko abawa zubi, arranging. warp for kamar kamu biyu a jikin itatuwan nan da weaving akadaura a jikin. dirkokin nan guda biyu. Da ma, an riga An nada zare a .jikin nada, wind dan-jifa, wanda shi ne za. a dinga yin _jifa.da. shi. ..to,idan_aka'Saura_allera, sai a Ainga. yin.amfani.da akwasar, ana goga ta a jikin_zubin_zaren,/ har allera', goga,..rub ta..budel a jefa,dan.jifan .da aka nada -Zaren-a-jikinsa. Daga nan ne, sai a zura akwasa, a buga. Sannan sai a .komo'da jifa, a sake buga,heat bugawa. Haka za a yi ta yi,.har sai ya rage-kamar inci- shida. Sannan-- sai a- yinke, a yi masa cin kai, a kai kasuwa. cin kai, hemming. B: To, madalla. Wannan zaren mai launi fa? launi, color A: Ai, shi wannan bakin zaren da kake ganil marina ne suka rina shi.' Wannan jan kuwa, tura shi aka yi da parura, ko kuma tura, .dye in ce, da karan dafi. Rawayar kuwa, ail garuPa,, green or magenta an tura,shi ne da dye crytals - 109 - 113 Lesson la karan:dafil substance used B: Kai! 'Amma fa, Hausawa suna da hikima for 'dyeing irin tasu! Na y.i farin' ciki da wannan ramayal rOot for.yellowdye bayani.' Tol.yaya?' Nawa zan biya wannan zabibi, yellow dye from gwadon? Don ina so in tafi. ca rawaya ;, .kasarmu.- hikima,-wisdom A: Naira goma ne kawai za.ka, biya. Babu tsada. B: Ah! Warman n Gaya. Ko da ya fi.hAka. ma, sai na bayar. I A: To, madallac na gode. Sai an Jima. . npl; r.,.4,T1 Jt...tok it: le...4 ; Lesson 18 SAfin '41 GRAMMAR 1. Reduplicated plurals in -e.- The roots of many nouns and verbs are used in forming a'recuplicative plural with the.general meining 'different types of'. E.g.: iri ire -ire rubuta rubuce-rubuce rawa rays -rays karanta. karance-karance waka wake-wake -bincika bincike-bincike tsalletsalle-tsalte zagi zagw-zags busa bushe-bushe -kadi kadi-kade shiryashirye-shirye raba rabe-rabe / / . . . 2. riga is used in the perfective tomean '.to' have already done'. It is always folloWed by a perfective clause. /4 Da wal Aniriga an nada zare acikin din jifa The thread has already been wrapped around cram Alfa Lessor 18 smn VOCABULARY Implements.for weaving: matsefi, comb. on loom ,kunkuru, structure on which cotton thread rests kwarkwAro, bobbin Oommhiya, shuttle alli, chalk Wan'tariya, spindle for collecting spun :thread from small spools to .big ones* gwafa, forked stick hanji, nipple marl, pair of pegs used in watari gwauro, isolated peg used when preparing thread for weaving takala, stick on which material to pe woven is wound reoarya, width of cloth iyiya,' four lengths. of thread forweaving akwasa, pointed rod used.in weaving Lesson 19. LESSON 19 AMA Jima, tanning Musa (alibi ne a jami'a, kuma I Jamig.a.i.J_ university yang 'yan rubuce-rubuce( kan/ sana'o'in.Hausawa To yakasan6e ba i san yadda ake-yin :5-.4ma ba/. Ga shi_kumi,--an/ce dole ne ya-yi 'dikakken bayaryi a karat a. To, Sai .ya tuntu6i wani abokinsa.da yfrke tuntutia, ask a unguwar ma:lama. Shi kuma /sai majemal tannery ya tura shi ga . sarkin majeMa da., aka kira Sha'aibu, don ya yi/masa. cikakken bayanin- yadda sti. yin ,jima.- MUSA DA.SARKIN MAJ, A -muses i Sarkin majemat barks Sha'aibus Barka kadai.,-- Ms Don Allah, ins so ka/ yi min bayanin yadda kuke wannan santa taku ta Jima. Ss Haka fa. "Jima rom9in Ja6a, ga kitse,. ga romo, brot h wari." Jaba, shrew mouse kitse, suet m: :A' a? Yaya ka yi mata wannan kirari haka? wari,' bad smell kiraril. epithet S: Ai, haka Hausawa nuke fadai domin kuWa sanava ce da ake samun amfani, amnia fa sai mutum ya dure. daure, endure M: Wace Arin dauriya mutum zai yi? dauriya, endurance S:'Da farko dai, kai da kanka 'ka san bapca ka iya zama a nan ba, taboda d'oyi. Na .ftyil stench biyu. kuma,ka. ga be za. mu da_. hannunmu ba idanmuna so mu ci abinci mai zafi. M: Saboda me? Saboda idan muka ci abincin da hannu. faratanmu sai su fita daga, yatsunmu, ko farce, farata, kuwa fatarhannunmmta. sale. Wannan fingernail, toenail. . kuwa, don muna sa hannunmu a cikin rowan yatsalp 1. yatsu, - 113- 11 sson t9 JIMA. ru6in fatar ne, Mu tsamo fatar don mu finaer jeme ta. sale,peel,' become abraided ru6i, putrefication Mannan ruwa yAna da karfi kwarai.KAMar tsama, pick out. yacida ka san ruwan !bat it yana yi wa batir, battery . tufa, ,to. haka yake yi wa hannu in an sa tufa, cloth shi a Abu mai-Zafi. Ms To, yaya, ake ha'cra irin wannan ruwan ru6i? S: Yadda ake hada shi, shi ne sai a sami ruwa, a zuba a ..cikin. kwatanniya. kwatanniya, earthenware basin Sannan, .sai a zuba toka da .garin toka, ash bagaruwa da unournu. 11a .kaikayi ko bagaruwa,. Egyptian.mimosa d'acrdbri da kuma. wasu 'yan itatuwa. ,To. ungurnu, type of potash .za a bAr.su a cikln ruwan nan, har.sai kaikayi, chaff sun yi'Year' kwanaki. dadVbri, creeper used in tannery- M: To, yaya ake yi da ruwan? S: Ai, fatAr. nan' da ake so .a Jeme, ake sakawa a- ciki,. harsai-.ta tsumu. tsuma,---soax-- M: To,-idan.ta tsumu, yaya' ake yi mata? 9: Ai, idan ta tsumu, to, sai a fito.da. ita, a crora ta'a kan wani itace, ko,kuwa a kan dutse. A kankare gashin nan da kankare, scrape wata wuka mai kota. biyu da ake kira kota, handle kartaji. kartaji, tool forscraping hair from hide To, bayan an kankare gash in, yiya kuma' ake yi da fatar?- Ai, sai-kawai 4 warike ta, 'a shanye, ta, shanya, 'dry in sun to bushe. -"Bayan-ta bushe ne, to, sai a \. buga ta, ko -a murza-ta da hannu domln ta. -murza, rub-between hands yi laushi, softness IRE -IREN FATU M: Ti:', na ga wasu.fatun suna da launuka.. Su kumati yaya ake yin aikinsu? S: Ti:, ai ka ga farar nan. Ita, b4 abin da ake yi.mata bayan an buga ta. Ammer kewa, Ja ko baka ko rawaya, sil tura su ake yi. Ita.dai rawaya, ana ta .ne tanparoau. Ja aria .tura ta ca gangamau, turmer. .arura * '77,a nm, ko w.uWa a snafa .mata shafa, rub 114 - id '...1?..SSOr.1? JIMA 1frda kwaloko, dack ieatner dye 't-aka fa! :clan maTieml,ya yi wannAn tO, sai kuma me? E: 5,27. kawal ya sayar ca Tatar ga ukawa. Su kuma, su' yi amfai da lta baduku, pl. dukawa, wajen yin takalmi ko. ,;aka ko matashin leather worker xai, ryfin ouraye da ko. yin matashin kaki. pillow kuben.tako'oi, .ko na wuka, da dai sawan guru,p1. Aurayel pelt abubuwa da llama. Jaya, pi. layu, charm kube, sheath M: Kaa, Malam. Shaiaibu sarkin majema, na takobi, sword gode da ka yi min°wannan bayani. Kuma ina fata .Allah ya taimako. Zan tlfi sal wani jikon. jiko, another time, 9: To, Madalla: Nat:gods.. JIMA VOCABULARY 1. Coior terms. Masc. Fem. P1. wnite: fari fara farare black: baki beak bakake red: ja Ja JaJaVP alue: shudi shudiya shudaye, shudder areen: kore , koriya korra yellow: rawaya rawaya rawayoyi' For other colors, the followig norainals are" used. To make them function as adjectivesl'simply out mai in front. brown: ruwan kasa (i.e. the color of earth) grey: ruwan toka (1.e. the color of ashes) ruwan Soda (I. e. tne color of powder) -laroon: ruwan-makuba 2. gode can be followed by dawith either a full sentence or a nominal: na gode da ka yi min wannan bayani na gode da bayanin da ka yi min mun gode muku da wannan taimakon da kuka yi man. , 3. fata,can be followed either by a subjunctiAie or by a futures ina fata Musa ya zo ina fata Musa zai zo Tnere a slight difference in meaning. The -second sentence carries thF2 sucaestion.that the speaker has no contr. 1, over whether Musa will come -or- not, while- this implication does not seem' to exist An:the- first sentence. YANKA LESSON 20 YANKA yanka, slauohter Kafir a yi yanka, dcle kasance an kasance'l- be sami malami, ko wanda ya iya karatun yaka. Sannan, sai a sami wuP:a nrai :arf in gaske, kaifi, snarpness wadda da an ftra a wuyan dabbar da, za a yanka, an ja, sai ta yanka yadda ba sai an dirza da karfi ba. dirza, scrub hard To, idan yankan rago Layya ne, ko na Layya, feaSt in the.month suna, malamin zai yi karatun yanka, ya RUMA of Zul-hid ja ambaci sunanwanda aka yi yankan dominsa. ambata, pronounce Karatun yankan dai, a fassare ya kasance a lassarm, in translation kusan kamar haka: na yi niyyar yin niyya, .intention yanka da .sunanAllah mai, 6irma. A sabili da haka ne musununci ya ce, duk a,sabili dal'because of mutuminda bai yarda da Allah ba, ko yaks yin shrka da ubangiji, to, ba a yarda a ci shirka, associating Allah naman dabbar da ya.yanka ba. Sai dai idan with something akwai larura wadda idan'bai ci ba, yunwa ubangiji, the almighty ta kasha shi. Shi ya sa ma;. a kowace mayanka ko kwata, ake nad'a wani Musumil\ya mayanka, abattoir zama malamin yanka, wanda shi za ya vaihga yanka duk dabbar da. wani mahauci ya saya, mahauci, butcher za:. yi-fawarta. Seri, dai an halatta wa fawa,-outering__ Musulmi, ya ci naman dabbar da Kirista ko halatta, al low .Yahydu_ya yanko-z-kasar der ba Musulmi da za. .Kirista, Christian su yi yankar. Yahudu, Jew FAWA 70,.1yaya .shi mahauci ke yi da dabba bayan an yanka ta? Da farko dai, zai.sarni wani yaro da zai taimaka masa wajon ficra. Wannan yaro, smi !iota, flaying ake kira cran riPo,'ko dan fince. Da farko dait idan kararmar dabba ce, kamar su rigo ko. tuniyako akwiya, akan-hura ta domin a hura, blow sami saukin ficrar,' saboda idan an hura, fatar takan rabu da naman jikin dabbar. To, bayan an aura, sai fida, inda- zai raha naman da fatar. Daga nan, sai ya - 117 - 1 2 1_ YANKA rataya gangar jikin dabbar 'a jikin rataya, hang dirkannan mai qvlafa,. ya yanka ya gangar jiki, trunk of .Flto ca kayan c. r i,kamar su nanii da hanta body da VOCABULARY' kasailcs, to be ya kasance ta zo It so happens that she is here Yadda abin ya kasIsnce ke nan his it .what it turned out to be Ir, ka zo, ina2ato.zailiasancii lna da shi If you come,I think it may happen/that'I have it - 119 - 12J Leston KURE LESSON 21 MORE kwarya, 01.kore, :Bakal: Barka da rana, abokina! calabash Mangaris -Barka kadai. Yaya da' bakunci7 bakunci, being a visitor B: Alhamdu Li 1 lah i.Ni dai, zuwana. kasar Hausa ya' sa na' gane wasu'abUbuwada yawa, waeanda ban sani ba. Ms. I, ai sh ya sai Hausawasukan ce, "Tafiya mabuein ilimi." Kuma sukan ce, mabudi, opener "Gani da ido, maganin tambaya." -Bs Af, da ma 1.(Ltwa, akwai wata tambaya nake son in yi maka.. D: Ka tambaya-mana. Ai.ni da ma, a'ku71m: a shirye;nake in bayyana maka abin y, shige maka duhu. B:To; madala. Jiya na tafi kasuwar kurmi. don 'in. yi sayayya, sai na ga wani abu da. ban taBi gani ba. Ms. A' a? Wani irin abu ka gani kuma? B: A can kusa da masu sayar-da tukwane, na hangi wasu .abubuwa da zane a bayansu; hangs, perceiNiefigom a -abin-gwanin ban-sheawa.-- -Sai,-na matsa distance don-in dada-tabbatarwa. Ga zatona, ana-.- matsa, come near arnfani da Waeannan abubuwa ne, kamar makai, watau mai yiwuwa a zuba wani abu. . ruwa-ruwa, ko 'kulli-kulli, .kotsaba da kulli, hatter makamatansu a ciki. 'Da, na zaci da icce tsaba, grain aka yi shil anima mai. _ayar,da su.ya.ce,_. _makamancl, _pl. makamarta,.. ha da icce aka yi ba. Ya fara ba ni something similar bayanike nan, sai wata mata ta zota zaBi babba daga cikinsun, ta tambaye kueinsa. Da suka fara ciniki, sai na yi tafiyata, Aomin'kuwa ban san lokacin da za su gama ba. Ni kumasauri nake-yi, in koma cida. Ko za ke iya bayyana mini ko merle ne wannen abin? 1): Ayyah! Ai abin da ka gani kore ke nan. Guda craya, ana kiranta kwarya. Ita kwarya, dada wani tOrn dtkngin. duma ne tsiro, pant. 124 - 124 - Lesson 21 KORE ake yinta. Akan shuka duman a gonna, duma, oolArd lnda yaP.an da ganyayyaki masu ganye, ganyayyaki, leaf fad'i, kuma ya yi yado. Bayan kamar watanni biyu, za ta fara yin furanni. Bayan makonni kamar uku, furs,pl. furanni, flower furannin ,zasu tube, cibiyoyin kananan more, sai su 61.186u11.o. Za su yi' ta buLlo, spring up, appear girma, anakulAwa'da su har 'kamar makonn,,sh idda, sa'an nan su gama yin mako,. pl. makonni, week kwari, B: Me za a yi da su daga nan? Ts Da zarar sun yi kwari, watau fata-fatar- .fata, skin; fata-fata, da ke ta fara zama rowan skin-like appearance fforawa-cforalWa maimakon tsanwa; tai .a tsanwa, green yanyanke -ba a yanks ba ma, da zarar -1-ya'-yan sun yi- sai .ganyayyakin su fara bushewal. su da bush., dry up 'kansu. In an yanyanke, sa.. a kwashe, a tar a. su wuri cfaya, inda. rana za ta cfan 'bugs su.. Bayan kamarmako cfaya, fata-fatar da ke bayansu za ta juya fara-fara, kuma tuwo-tuwon da ke.c.ikinta.zai 'ruse. B: Daga nan -fa?. Me -za a yi musu kuma? "4- To, a nan, abin da 2d yi ya danganci dangantal be related to irin makayin da za a yi d cfan duman makayi, Implement for carrying B: Me kake -nufi-ke D:I, akwai wani abin da ya kamata ,ka sani game da abubuwan da aka, yi da 'yeyan duma. Shi, wanan. tsiro, yakan yi 'yeya _iri_ dabaw-dabam Akwai*kashi naLfarko da yaks yin 'yalya rawun tamkar siffar kwallo. Kuma akan'dami kanana da manya. Da kananAn ake yin 'yan abubuwa, kamar moar shan ruwa, kokon bars, kokon mod*, container for scooping makayin nono .da dai- sauransu. out water Who, small calabash SukumaAanyan,da sit ake yin manakin bara, begging wanka, gorar fito, gorar kamun burmi, cap for ;larger ma'ajiyar ir.i,da dai sauransu. A kashi Container na biyu.kumal akwai masu fitar da 'ya'ya masu Tan tsawo. Da irin wannan akeyin zunguru,' kwarin kibau, da sauransu. zunguru, long. U- shaped .. 1" - 121 - 1 Lesson 21 WORE Akwai kuma masu fltar-da.lyal-ya masu: -container . tsawon gaske. Da irin wannan ake yin kibiya, ,21.kibatil arow. shantu aa makamarc:ar4sa. --,shantu, tuoular calabash used as musical_instrument A kasKi- -na uku kuma, akwaimosu fitar da tyaiya masu si ffar mutUm in ka cie hannaye da kafafuwal watau kai da wuya daclki. Day. irin wacfannan ake yin gorar ajiyar ruwa ko -fora ko nom:3.k° zuma,. da , makaMantansu. Ko kuma, idan karami ne, sai a raba shi biyu wadaida wadaida, exactly yin luddayinshan kunu ko fura, da sauransu. B: Kai, lalle abubuwan-da ake yi da vYavyan d'.ima suna da yawa! T: ai shi ya sa.na ce da kai, abin da za A. yi. da' shi bayan an :.yanko _danganciirih.siffar da yifit'_' daitat da kuma abin daakayi nUfin yi da shi. B: To, ga misali idan'cfan duman mai iiffar kwallo ne, kuma. kwaryar-shan-ruwa- ake son yi da shi, yaya za yi? T: To, duk mai aikin kwarya za ka tarar da shi da abubuwa hucfu muhimmai. Sai dai kafin in-bayyana' maka su, ya k -amata ka sani cewo yawanci za ka,ga masunoman kwarya dabarn. Kuma masu- gyara ta -su mayar da ita mai amfani kumadabam. Shl Mai aikin kwarya.zai kasance_da_ wata irin doguwar wuka mai hakora-da ake kira majajjawa. Di kuma' wata. irin lankwasasshiyar wuka mai kaifi biyu da lankwasa, bend ake kira 'yar -huri da kUma wata var gajeriyarwuka_ mai kaifin baki da ake kira 'yar zone, da kuma wata, har ilau, dum6uwa wadda ake amfani da. .ita wajen dumSu,f. dumBuwa,tplant yin zanen-wUta. P:' Har yanzu dai, ba ka gaya. mani yadda ake fitar-da kwarya ba. T: I, ai duk wannan Jayanin zaitaimakal. ka kara fahimtar yadda lamarin kwarya yake..jamari= al'amari, matter In wacfannan kayayyakin aiki sun hacru, sai mai aikin kora ya crauko - 122 - KO RE majajjawarsal ye yi set in clan duman nan,ya.farA yankanta.A tsaye dagA daidai cibiyarta, her zuwa kasa. : In ya dire Aasal sai-ka ga ean duman nan .ya rabu gida 'biyu daidai wadaida.. In ka duba, saika ga siffar kore iyu sun. fito. Amma cikin kowace Femaryar yana cike.di hade dA irin sukawA na wannan dumar. iri, seed Daga nan, 'sal a d'auko d'an buri. Da shi za a yi ta fafar cikin Awaryar; ham afa, carving out sai wannan totuwar, cikin .ta fice kaf.. totuwa, pulpy..substance Kuma cikin kwaryar ya yi sarai, yadda. i n inside'calabash mutum.ya .eandanda da haiShenSal Ref, completely 7. ji traci da yawa.ba-- dominjcuwal wannan-- totuwar ciki, iraCi ke gars t a.. . Shi ya .duk sabuWar kwAryar, dole..ne a ji ta dA san an ean ana -amfani da ita, sannan'ta, daina. B: ;Lane kwarya yang da ban mamaki.. T: I. Daga /nan take, ana. iya ci gaba da amfani ita. Wasu kuma sukan zuba ruwa cikinta, su ajiye ta ta kwana kamar biyu ko uku,.sa'an nan su zubar, su waAke. Wannan ma yakan rage eacinta. //dan kuma ana bukatar yi mata zane ne, kamar trin wacce ka :gani a kasuwa, jai a yi-Mata: Mai. aikin kwaryaiyakah:- yi amfani.da 'yar wukannan,-dana .gaya maka can-baya,- don yi mata zanen da -bay -. na wuta ba: ta hanyar kmakular wasu wurare yana barinwasu yadda 'yen wuri, pl.,wurare, place zane -zane za su.fito kwatankwacin.yadd, ake so. Idan Auwa zanen wuta yake- son ye yi mate, sai ya haea wuta;-ta yi. garwashi garwashi, red hot coals sosai. Ya trauko lyar dun:Su-war wukar . nan, ya sa ta cikin wutan. Sai ta .yi ja wur, sa'an nanya eauko *yea dinga zazzana *waryar'yadda yake so. In ta yi sanyi, sai .ya mai da ta cikin. wutar. Hake zai yi ta yi,.sai ya game zanensa. B: Kai, na gamsu kwarai da wannan bayani da. ka .yi mini!. Allah ya saka maka da alherinsa. 1.105Sal :a utwe ti wVIL4 t f ty Lesson P1 KoRE GRAMMAR 1.Red up 1icated nouns. Like adject fives (e. g. ." baki-baki, blackish; babba-babba, biggish),nouns canbe reduplicated and the final vowels shortened to 'conveythe meaning ''-likel.E. g. : rupta-ruwal watery kullikulliL batter-like gida -gida, house -like. 2.P1 oral nounsbefore, numerals. Although .it.itis- customary to-put nouns i n' thesingular before a-numeral, they may appear in the plural aswell with no apparent difference in meaning. E. g. : Wata biyu or watarmi_biyu make ukul or makwavivii uku gida.uku or gidaje uku f4r. 129 - 123 - Lesson 21 KURE VOCABULARY a. ji de,' feel gdod about, get along with. Yaya ka ji dabakunci? ' How are you finding your visit? .Yaya kida ji da'aiki? How are you oetting -on with your work? Yaya kuka ji da su ?. How well. did you get on withthem?- Lokacin da muka ziyarce shi, ai ya ji da. mu sosai. When we visited.him, he took very good care of us Kande-tana ji da. Bala Kande-loves Bala very'much Ina ji da Cana Bello I really care for my son. Bello abin da ya shige maka duhu Literally, thismeans 9whatenters darkness for you'1 but in this lesson it means ''what is unclear to you'. 3. wadaida _This is used. only after daida.i to.mean A raba to biyu daidai wadaida Split it into two identical pieces LIO 126 - Lesson. 22 KAMAN KITA LESSON 22 KAYAN' RITA Matthews. Abokina Ibrahim, you za mu fita yawo kuwa? ' . Ibrahim: Kai, Matthew, zan so kwarai mu tafi rawar disko irin na shekaranjiya. Amma ba zai, yiwu ba, domin kuwa you aria . , wasa a- kofar- gidan .Sarkih Makad4, Ina, makadi, pl. makada, son in je can J4ai lo. drummer . Ms'Abin mamaki yanzu,h'ar, akwai wani abu da zai iya hana ka zuwa wurin disko? . Is' .Diskon me?! .Ka. tuna .fa, tun .kafin Bature ya zo kamar roan,' muna da kade-kadko da bushe-bushe., da .rays -rage kaire--kade, drum beating irin namu n4 gargajiya. bushe-bushe, performing. on -wind instrumenti- Ms To, amma a ga dukabokanmu matasa, in more-rays, dancing ka 'ej ., mi saukiniu sai ki'ga kayan kida, matashi, p1. Willa, sawun m.asu manya-manyan amsa-amo. Sai .youth ka rink&jin kayan zamani kurum yaks masaUki, dwelling place tashi dum-dum-dum. $. IsI,. amma ai matasa ka.ce. Kai kanka, ka . san zamananci.ya riga ya yi tasiri a kan taManancil modern times yawanc-insu. Kuma abin lural ohi ne tasiri, influence saboda. tasirin zamananci ma, in ka tambayi matashi zana makakayan kida_ da ya sai ka.ji,yana cewa kamar su. jita, bongo, akodiyo, amfilifaya, filuti, da dai sauran bakin-sunaye -wadanda in-ba matashi ba manda ya san su. M: Kana nufin baiCinwadannan da ka zana,. akwai wasu kaya kida kuma? I: Ai, na gaya maka wadannan: duk kayan kidan zamani ne kurum. Bahaushe yana da kayan 1(4:1'4 iriiri bili-adadin. . / .bila-adadin, uncountable M: To, ko za.ka iya bayyana mani su? 1: Me zai hana? Sai dai kamar yadda gaya maka, suna da yaWan.gaske. Sabpda. -- 127 I' Lesson 22 KAYAN K/T,A .7 haka, zan ba ka su ne kurum a takaice. a takaice,in- brief-- Ka sani cewa_akwai, na d'aya, kayan kacre-kade._ Na piyu, .akwai kayan. bushe-bushe. Na uku, akwai kayan goge-goge da ire-irensu. Kuma '14.!:lwanne Aoge-gogse.pprform or yana da kashi-kaihi pa dama. stringed instrument by rubbing fannin. kayan kacre-kadal '.akwai wacfanda ake kadawa da makaffi, da wadanda 'ake kadawa da hannu ko waniabu dabam. kada, play//musical instrument Akwai- kananada kuma- manya. A 'cikin wacfanda'ake.kacfawa da. hannu kumakanana, akwai kamar su kuntukuru, kanzagi, kuntukuni4, small lead drum taushi,-Aa sauransu. Wadanda ake kadawa kanzagi lead drum Aamakadi kuma, akwai su ganq,i, panga, taushi., Wooden drum with kalangu, tambari, da saurans'.i. 'Duk closed-ends .-.. wacrannan, a rufe suke Aa'fata. . gangi, iMedium-sized drum ganga,/'standardsized drum M: To, na ji kad'an daga cikin kayan kalang4, talking Crum .kacre-kadie. Su kuma kayan bushe-bushe tambari, large wooden .drum fa? wi0closed end siriki, bamboo flute ; Su kuma kayan bushe-b4phe,.akwai-aououWa kamar su. siriki, tillitoro, busar kara, siriki kakaki, algaita, damalgo, sari:wag busar kara, cornstalk flute kusumburwa,.zilli, kaho, shantu, da kakaki, trumpet sauransu.. 4 akgaita, small trumpet child's trumpet M: Ban 'ji ka ambaci- goge ba. Na san kuwa, Mho, horn akwai shi ,a kamar Hausa.- ehantu, long gourd trumpet 1VPN cello I: Hada, saurin -me kake? Ai ina .zuwa .kansu. Su fanninsu dabam. Sunie fannin tsarkiya_ koyazga; _ kamarsu goge, Ht.erkiya, guitarstringstrin mob, garaya, . gurmi, kukuma, yazga, horse hair . lasha, Aa saurans!AA _ M: Lail. Hausawa, kuna da kayan kidi da yawa. Wane inne za a yi amfani da shi a wasanofar gidan Sarkin Makad'a? I. Ni kaina, ban. sani ko ba. Na san dai, an layyaci- makad'a -da- mawaka da dama. Domin haka, zan tafi. Na san dole, abin zai ba da sheawa kwarai. M: In ka yarda, zan tafi tare da-kai. I: Me zai hana?. Ka zo, . mu tafi. Kc' babu komail ka.cia was'.i data cikin kayan kicfan da na zana maka. Sai dai akwai wani -128-,. Lesson 22. VAYPN . . . mahimmln abu da nake son in ga la rnaia. M: Me ne nekuma? I: Ala, ba war.i abu pa ne, saidai bambanci tsakanin kaee-kacren zamani da na gargajiya. Na fahinci a zamananci, kicfa kurum ake so. a jiyara tashi, don a yi ta rawa. Amnia a saurari abin da' mawaki ke fan, shi ma -Abu he muhimmi kwarai. Wani lokaci ma, saUraron Mawaki don fahihtar da yake_faei, shi ya .fi mahimmanci, Shf 'ya ma a kowace kungiya to masu'kirfa, mawakin cikinsu shi ne babban, .kumashi ,ne Shahaarrensu. shahararrel: famous Shahararsa kuma, ta .danganci . irin azancinsaf fasaharsa,- karin azanci, skillful salonsa, makad'ansa, ,da fasaha, technique sauransu. Ms Rai, na gode kwarat da wannan. bayani. I: Babu komai. In na shirya, zan zo in . iauke --ka a bAbur'-dinadon-mU je-wUrin -bakir -Motody'cle' wasan. r. Lesson 22 . KAYAK KITA GRAMMAR 1.Ellipsis. Note. the following type of elliOsis, where most of the words of the ,relative clause have been omitted: A watandi ako katrawA da hannu-kuma Icanana,akwai A cikinwadanda ako kadawa da hannu kuma wadanda suka kanana no, akwai Among).the things that are struck with the hands and that furthermore are small are... A cikinabubuwan da suka fi yawa ko masu arha, akwai A cikin abubuwa da suka fi yawa ko wadanda suka fi arha, akwai'... Among the things that are the most common or the least expensive are ... C7 . Lesson 23 KAYAN SAWA LESSON 23 KAYAN SAWA- Jill: Barka da kasuwa. .Yaya horka? Alishal Barka *adai: Harka alhamdu Lillahi! J: Ina: wucewa, sai na hangi-shagonki cike hangs, catch sight of da kayak iri-iril ,hgr sutra ba ni.sheawa. shago, room for commerce Shi.ya sa na iso.' shalawo, interest A: To, .barka da zuwa! Ai, sayar da. kayan sawa iri-iri na mazada mata, shi ne- maza, males cinikina. Abin ya yi *yaw. Da ma kuWas, ina son in tambayoy-i. A: Babu laifi. Ki tambayi duk abin da kike 'so. In sha"allahu, zan'ba ki amsa. J: Na ga, dukyawancin kayayyakin da kike sayarwa na zamani ne. Me ya sa haka? zamani,'preient times. A: I, kin san ni 'yar kasuwa cm. Amfani nake nema. Kayayyakin zamanin sun fi sayuwa a yanzu. In da shekarun baya ne kika zo nan, da kin ga shagon cike da kayan gargajiya. Amma a yanzu fin ma, in mutum ya nuna cewa irin kayan gargajiya yarke so, sai in samo masa. J: Ko za ki iya ba ni bayani kart kayayyakin sawa na Hausawa? A: KWarai kuwa. Sai dai kin san sunada 'yawa remarai do gawks' amnia ina iya 1201.ki' bayani atakaice. Akwai kayayyaki na, yawa' maza da mata kamar yaddo, kuma akwai na manya, maza da mata. Amma duk wacrannan sun kasu gida huSu. Na craya, su ne kayan da ake sawa you dA kullum. Na biyu kuma,..akwai kayan sawa .musamman wani lokaci na Lesson 23 KAMAN SAWA 3hekara kamar lokacin Bari ko lokacin dart, cold zafi. -Na uku kuma akwai kayan da ake awa don yin wata san a. Na hmeu kuma, sanala, trade, shine,abin da ake "kure akwat i" ko profession kuma,:kure adaka"--wat u kayan da idan licure akWatil wearing the, mutum ya sa, ke da gani sa kin san ya yi best one has ado ke nan. adaka, clothes box J: Ko za ki bayyana mani koWanne da d'ai -d'ai dai -dai, one by one a takaice? A: A dunkule, kayan.Maza, ana iya .kasa sd a dunkule, in a kashi uku. Abin suturta kai, da. abin nutshell suturta gangan-jiki, da 'kuma abin da ake suturta, clothe suturta tsiraici, watau daga cibiya zuwa gangan jikil",.trunk of kafa. To fannin maza akwai, hula da riga the:body, da kuma-wando. Ta fannin.mats kuma, hula, cap akwai alhuta da riga da kuma zani. zani, ,woman s. wrapper J: .Na santsakaninabubuwan suturta kai zuwa na suturta tsiraici, suna da yawan tsiraici, nakedness gaske. Amma zani bukaci rnisalai' kacfan daga kowannensu. : -ta-fannin-ababan-suturta--kai- tun fanni. regard, connection daga na gargajiya har ya zuwa na zamani, akwai s4 kabido,' 'yartumbutu, da dai kabido, grass raincoat sauransu. Kuma kowanne daga cikinsu, akwai su kala-kala, iri-in i. Ta fannin mata' kuma, akwai adiko, alhuta, ean kwali, kallabi, saro, da kallabi, head tie sauransu. . J: AbUbuwan suturta gangan jiki kuma fa? . Aha, abubuwan suturta gangan jiki suna da yawan gaske. Kusan kashi - kashin ababansUturar.-Hausawa,. wannan- kashin shi-ya fi-kowanne -yawa. Ammer duk Baba dayansu, za a iya karkasa su gida h.ud'u. A gida na farko, akwai riguna, marasa hannu, kuma 'kananan gaske. A nan akwai kamar. spa 'yar.sharal da jawaniya, da makamntansu. A gida na biyu kuma, akwai .kananan riguna masu hannuLiialin jamfa, jamfa, shirt worn under *Oa 'yar Jos, damakamantaniu.-A gida na babbar riga uku.kumalakwai abin der za a iya kiransa "doguwar riga", domin kuwa yawancih rigunan da if warinari kashin,tkan yi su ne in ansa!yasu sauko .har *asa. Watau har zuwa .gwiwa ko fiye. A wannan gwiwa, knee - 132 .136 Lesson 23 fannin, akwai su kamar Hartum, kaftni, Jaalabiya, kufta, gambari, kwakwata, da sauransu. A gida na hucfu kuma, akwai abin da za kira kunglyar babbar riga. A nan, ana iya 'kawo misalin-su shakwara, riga aska biy4 da sauransu. Kamar yadda na rigaya na facri -duk wadannan fasalinsic diya ne,irin aiki da ake yi musu ne ke bambantang. Kuma duk ta fannin maza ke nan. J: .To, ta fannin mat.. fa? A: Ta fanriinmata kuma, akwai riguna iri tayu. Da. farko, akwai gajeriyar riga mai fasalin jamfar masa. PrAMa ba ta kai fad'in ta maza ba. Hannayenta kuma sun fi na jamfar maza fadi da tsawo. Akwai kuma do6uwar riga mai manyan hannaye J: To, me za ki gaya mani game da suturun. rufe-tslraici? - A: Suturun rufetsiraici, watdu cibiya zuwa kasa, su ma tun kasu gida=gida. Akwai kamar su walki, bante,_ kamfai, da kuma gajeren wando. Akwai kuma dogo wando wandz shi kashi-kash ,daga irin na gargajiya, h '.cwa ga na zamani da dai.sa ansu. Ta fannin meta kuma, akwai su fatar, dan tofi, sleet, da sauren.irin kananan suturun mats da .yawanci sukan sa kafin -su dora J: Kai, na gode kwarai da wannan bayani kika yi mini. ma'na gode..Sai an Jima, - 133 - 13i Lesson -23 RC:WAN:SAWA:- _APPENDIX . KINDS OF HAUSA CAPS. a. habar-kado This is a trapezium-shaped cap which is not widely us d nowadays. It is made by. simplyjoining the adja ent edges' of two pieces of trapezium-shaped- cloths. The name suggests its.shape, a crocodile's.jAw. b. earafiyo This is -a cap of the kube fami l.y whosedesigns are mostly made up of small squares of different. colors and hues arranged in -an affixative manner. The cap is sometimes called 14yar' Arah, possibly because the design. is'beleive_ to have been imported from Arab' countries. c. zanna- Bukar. This is also. a -cap of the kube family whose designs are very much moreelaborate and attractive. It is generally made with high qualitythread, and this makes it much more expensive. :It is in commemoration of a one time faMous Minlister, in theSalewa government-,--Mr Linn& Bukar Dipcharima, believed to be the first man to use-it. d. darn This 'is one of'the caps -i'mported' from the Far East. It is made of thick woodinmaterial. It comes in .all sizes and colors. The red variety is by far the. most popular. v 2. RISUNA -a. kaftani This is a long riga having the features-of-jamfav except that it reaches up'tp the knees. It has two side pockets and a breast pocket. lt,is normally worn as complete-attire with trousers and .4 cap to match. It is usuallymade' of khaki material and has no designs. Most kaftani are either plain white or brownish. b. Jallabiya This is simply an imitation of Sudanese national` --dress. Like kaftani, it-is also'plain- and long. -It- reaches up 'to a few inches abo\ve the ankle. The material Used is usually thin and white in color. c. kufta This.is the latest '.development in the lona riga faMily. Its basicappearance is more like the kaftani, but it is made of materal of higher quality. One special thing abomt it is its elaborate - 134 138 / Lesson RPYFIN SAWA:, embroidery or Bernina designs, which are most concentrated in front of the neckline, the back, and. upper shoulders. - 135 - 133 .esson 23 ILLUSTRATIONS crara kaftans babbar riga KAYAN MA zp ..esson 03 KAYAN SAWA KAMAN MATA -137, - Lesson 23 GRAMMAR Counterfacitual da. daor in da introduces an "if" clause which is contrary to fact. The foilowing'"then clause is introduced by da' orda sai: In'da shekarun baya ne'kika zo nan, da kin ga chagon cike da kayan gargajiya If you hen come here years ago, you wOuld have seen this shop fUll of traditional clothing 'Along with introducing clauses in the perfective, da can also introduce clauses in ne/ce or clauses with a habitual meaninc. E.c.: In da kai.ne, da na taimaka make If 'it were you,I would help you If it had been you,I would have -helped you In da ke ce ke magana,.da 'mu saurara If it were you talking-, we would be-listening. . . 'In -da -lc-Akan-20:11a -wurl da:sa -4n-yafe-maka-makarar-da-ka-yi- If you were in the habit of coming on time, then I would excuse - you this lateness (In) da kina maganag.da kin kare kani If youTcould'speak (that-is, if you were not a deaf mute), 'you would defend yourself .Not-trrat 'the counterfactual conditional clause of the last sentence interpreted.. in a habitual sense. That is,in the a is appropriate only last example, 'it must mean either the person in question is a 'deaf mute _that.this.person.does not.speak for some other reason-. Lesson -23: RAYPNSPIWPI- VOCABULARY 1. ayanzu; nowacays Kayayyakin zamani sun fi sayuwa a yanzu Modern clOthing sells better nowadays A yanzu muna fama da rashin kucri . Currently we're suffering from a lack of funds. Nete. the: contrast in meaning with yanzu, which points .more specifically to the present moment: Ka.zo nan yanzu Come here right now. Yanzu na gang Now.1 understand (whereas before I didn't) 2. gaske, noun modifier Nouns-. denoting at (quantity, size, beaUty, etc.) , and adjectives_ may be modified by.gaske. In this. case, the noun or adjective takes the genitival link: _ yawan gawke karfin gaske girman gaske kyan gaske 3. fiye, more.. Har Rasa, watau har zuwa gWiwa ko fiyq. Down to the ground; that is, down to the 'knee further Zan ba ki kaji biyar, ko fiye da haka _ IwAive you five chickens or more Ya ba ni hatsi.fiye da buhu arbein He gave me more than forty sacks of grain Ka tinker mini riga,gajeriya kamar wannan, ko ma fiye da haka Make me A shirt that is short,like,th-i-s-r,vr,--alehorter-- Make me-a-shirt tat is short like this, -c--a-little-bit -onler- - 139 - -Lesson 24 9TNIN TURWANE LESSON 24 GININ TUKWANE Alhaji:'Ko kana da ruwamsanyi, ka ean eiba mani? Tun jiya, ba ni da w4ta a shagona. Don haka, babu rowan sanyi a firji. firji, refriger.Aor wuta, fire, electricity I: Ai, ni ma, babu wuta. a shagona tun shago, shop jiya. Ka .san lay nmu eaya da ku. Amma layi,line in rowan sanyi e kake so, Akwai shi Tun jiya'na.zuba hi a tulu. Na tabbata tabbata, be sure yanzu-yayi sanyi. As Kana nufin ban a firji har akwai wani ban da,. besides abu mai sanyaya uwa?? I: Kwarai kuwa! tun kafin a san wani abu wa i shi a kasar- nan, Ake da AbubUwan ajiyi 'ruwadon ya yi sanyi a -----Sha.--Waeannan'abubuwasuna nan kuwa har yanzu. ka ce ba ka san tulu ,da'amfanin da ake yi da shi ba?? . A: Hika ne. kuwa fa! Af, ka'ga wannan ya tuno mini da wani. abu da nake zucci- zuccin in tambaya tun., tuni. Na -zucci-zuce1, keen desire san tulu, da Rasa ake gina shi..Na san tulu, clay water pot akwai abubuwa da dama da masu aikin ginin tukwane suke yi..Amme in an tsars tukunya,bl. tukwane, pot ni, ko da kud'i,ba zan iya bayyana su tsars, protect ba. _ . ._I: Ai babu mamaki. Ku, masu hali_ba ku .f4ye._mai.hali, well to do person amfani waeannan abubuwa .ba. ...Saki mu. Don haka, zan iya ba ka bayani a kansu. A: Zan yi' matukar. farin ciki in ka yi haka di n. I-: Yawancin -abubuwa dangin- tukwane, ana clangi, relation yinsu ne da yum6u ko dandanIuwa ko wata yureu, clay kasa ta . masummanda aka haea. Shi dandankuwa, clay yum6u, kasa ne mai laushin gaske.da kuMa laushi, smoothness n ,gaske. Akwai, yum6u. iri-iri. dankb, stickinessms dankWan' ya fi wani laushi ko danko, da kuma ky,la u. Akwai su kala-kala. Akwai ja, wanda sni. ya fi.kowanne kyau. Akwai - 140 7 Lesson-24- G-IN-1NTUKWANS.- kara siririncewa: A hankali, a hankali, sirirince, become thin siffar .4bin da yaks bukatar al atarwa ti:bayyana. Sa'an nan, zai gyaggyara' da hanni4 Zai mimmike inda ya tankware, ko inda ya mike, stretch out Iotse da sauransu. In ya gimsu da wannan, sai ya ajye shi, ya kuma d'auki wani curin kasar. A: Shi ke nan, sai a kai kasuwa, a sayer? I: Ina? Ai, sai an yi gasp, i. Kafiri ma a yi gashi, heating. . wannan, sai an 'bar.ta- ta .bushe radau. rad'au, completely Da zarar ta bushel sai a Hada mata wuta, kona ta kamar na .rabin sa'a. In ta. huce,. aka dubs, aka ga ba ta yi ,lamba ba, wataubabu wani sagU a jikinta, to, bukata ta biya ke an--an yi sabuwar t ukunya. A: Sai a fara amfani da ita? I: Kwarai kuwa! Amma duk da na gays maka, tarihintukunya abubuwa _da daman gaske da ake ginawa. MuhiMman hanyoyinyinsu kusan duk daya ne. Sai 'yan bambamce-bambamce da ba a rasa ba .dangane da irin siffofinsu da siffa, shape girmansu. A: To,ko za ka ;anal mani waSu daga cikin wa'annan abubuwa? I: Kwarai kuwa. Ka ga akwai su.tukunya, da. kasko, da dai sauransu. kasko, small earthenwar4 bowl A: Kai, na gods kwarai'da wannan bayani. '"11r - 142 - eV 145 Lesson'24- -GININ TUKWANE N baki kuma dA akwai fart. Mani lokaci, masu ginin tukwane sukan sha. Wahalar'samun yumau. Ammo da yoke aikin gin*. tukwanesana'arsu ce, kuma sun san abin dasuke bukata'dangine da kasar gina tukwana. Sukan iya hada wata kasa.dabaM,:ba yum6u.ba, da wasu abubuwa na Musamman don su to da watts irin Casa ta do, create mai kamar yumSu, su gina tukwane da ita. . As. Kii! Lalle mutane da fasaha\\ suke! Shi fasaha, cleverness ya.sa ake.cewa,,."Bakin.'da Allah y4 tsaga tsaga, cut ba ya hang masa abinci.," To, dAga nan, yaya zai yi da kasar? . I: To, da:zarar ya ,sami kasar Ian,in mai kayu ce,. shi ke nan.. In kmisa ba' mai kyau ba co, sai ya yi dukkaniabin do zai .iya yi don ya gyara ta, kamar ciccire kananan duwatsu daga cikinta, ko dandaka ta don tavkara lauthe, ko kuma zuba mata mani- abu don-ta-kara danko. Daga d'ebi curin kasa daidai, curt -lump =gwargwadon irin abin_da n.iyyar aiwatarwa. Sa'an nan, zai dauki kayAn aiwata, create .aikinsa. Kayan aikinsa kuwa, ba 4u fi wasu duwatsu nomusamman guda uku ba. Da.karami, da madaidaici, da kuma babba. Zai dauki daya daga cikin duwatsun non. 'Ya jawo curin kasar nan zuwa gabansa.'Saki yo farts dandakar curin nan .daga tsakiya.. Yana yi, yama juyawa tsakiya, middle yadda wani gurbi zai bayyana a tsakiyar. Zai yi eta dandakar gurbin nan, yana juyawa. Gurbin zai ta kara fadi da zurfi. Shi kuma curin, yana zurfi, depth. - 141 - 146 Lesson 24 GININ TUKWANE- ILLUSTRATIONS Wasu daaa cikin Abubuwan da Ake Binaws da Yum6u tukunya . kasko 3. kwatanniya This has exactly the. same shape as kasko.Sut it is larger and deeperl,maybe about thesize of tukunya. 4. buta Lesson 24 'GININ TUKWANE 5. lutu 6. randa This has exactly the same shapeas tukunya, but it differs in- -size.- -Randa -.may be twice. as big-as. tukunym, or fir.o.er bigger.._Also,_ while, randa. is almost always used for keeping large quantities of drinking water, tukunya may be used for anything: cooking, keeping liquids, etc. 7. fitilar -Lasson -24 GININ TUKWANE 8. tanderu IMO 9. kaskon j in rout& .. ct ON. 10. rumbun kasa /1'1, 1 4 9 a ...soon 24 GININ TUKWANE 11. akurkinkkji 12. kaskon furanni .2sson 24 GININ TUKWANE 13. kuttun taroada rl C 9 Lesson '24 GININ TUKWANE GRAMMAR TIME EXPRESSIONS jiya yesterday shekaran jiya day before yesterday shekaran jiya waccan three days ago kwanan nan recently kwana-kwanan nan very-recently tun since tuni long ago tuntuni long ago tun tuntuni a very long time ago da.ya wuce ago da ya shige ... ago . da ya shuMw ... ago tazu a while ago dazu-dazu just a while ago dazu-dazun nan just a while ago .PRESENT: yanzu now yanzu-yanzu just now yau today FUTURE: kashegari the following day gobe tomorrow. jibi day after tomorrow gata three days from now citta four days from now har_abada forever' har mahadi Indefinitely sai illa ma sha allahu indefinitely da zarar as soon as - 148 - 152