Notes & References
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ENDNOTES.qxp 2/15/2008 8:45 AM Page 269 Notes & References References to Chapter 1 Ablon, J. 1964. “Relocated American Indians in the San Francisco Bay Area,” Human Organization 23, no. 4: 296–304. Bakker, P. 1997. A Language of Our Own: The Genesis of Michif, the Mixed Cree-French Language of the Canadian Métis. Oxford: Oxford University Press. Brown, J.S.H. 1985. “Diverging Identities: The Presbyterian Métis of St. Gabriel Street, Montreal.” Pp. 195–206 in J. Peterson and J.S.H. Brown, The New Peoples: Being and Becoming Métis in North America. Lincoln: University of Nebraska Press. Campbell, M. 1973. Halfbreed. Toronto: McClelland and Stewart. Card, B.Y., G.K. Hirabayashi and C.L. French. 1963. The Métis in Alberta Society. Edmonton: University of Alberta Committee for Social Research. Cardinal, B. 2002. “Drawn to the Land: An Urban Métis Woman Makes her Connection.” Pp. 69–76 in P. Douaud and B. Dawson, Plain Speaking: Essays on Aboriginal Peoples and the Prairie. Regina: Canadian Plains Research Center. Cardinal, D. and G. Melnyk. 1977. Of the Spirit. Edmonton: NeWest Press. Damon, A. 1965. “Stature Increase among Italian Americans: Environmental, Genetic, or Both?” American Journal of Physical Anthropology 23, no. 4: 401–08. Daniels, H.W. (ed.). 1979a. The Forgotten People: Métis and non-Status Indian Land Claims. Ottawa: Native Council of Canada. ——. 1979b. A Declaration of Métis and Indian Rights. Ottawa: Native Council of Canada. Dawson, B. 2002. “‘Better Than a Few Squirrels’: The Greater Production Campaign on the First Nations Reserves of the Canadian Prairies.” Pp. 11–21 in P. Douaud and B. Dawson, Plain Speaking: Essays on Aboriginal Peoples and the Prairie. Regina: Canadian Plains Research Center. Deloria, V. 1969. Custer Died for Your Sins. London: Macmillan. De Trémaudan, A-H. 1979 [1935]. Histoire de la nation métisse dans l’Ouest canadien. Saint- Boniface, MB: Editions des plaines. Dickason, O.P. 1980. “A Historical Reconstruction of the Northwestern Plains,” Prairie Forum 5, no. 1: 19–37. Dion, J.F. 1979. My Tribe the Crees. Calgary: Glenbow Institute. Douaud, P. 1985. Ethnolinguistic Profile of the Canadian Métis. Ottawa: National Museums of Canada. Douaud, P. and M. Cronin. 1992. “Irish Travellers in Search of an Identity,” Proactive 11, no. 1: 26–33. Douaud, P. and B. Dawson. 2002. Plain Speaking: Essays on Aboriginal Peoples and the Prairie. Regina: Canadian Plains Research Centre. Drouin, E.O. 1968. Joyau dans la plaine: Saint-Paul, Alberta. Québec: Ferland. Eccles, W.J. 1972. France in America. Vancouver: Fitzhenry and Whiteside. Flanagan, T. 1979. Louis “David” Riel: “Prophet of the New World.” Toronto: University of Toronto Press. Foster, J.E. 1972. “Missionaries, Mixed Bloods, and the Fur Trade: Four Letters of the Rev. William Cockran, Red River Settlement, 1830–1833,” Western Canadian Journal of Anthropology 3, no. 1: 94–125. Fraser, A. 1992. The Gypsies. Oxford: Blackwell. Frideres, J.S. 1974. Canada’s Indians: Contemporary Conflicts. Scarborough, ON: Prentice- Hall. – 269 – ENDNOTES.qxp 2/15/2008 8:45 AM Page 270 270 | Notes & References Giraud, M. 1945. Le Métis canadien: son rôle dans l’histoire des provinces de l’Ouest. Paris: Institut d’Ethnologie. Gray, C. 2004. The Museum Called Canada. Toronto: Random House. Hiernaux, J. and N. Heintz. 1967. “Croissance biométrique des franco-vietnamiens,” Bulletins et mémoires de la Société d’anthropologie de Paris 12, no. 1: 55–89. Howard, J.K. 1974. Strange Empire: Louis Riel and the Métis People. Toronto: Lewis and Samuel. Kirk, R.L. 1981. Aboriginal Man Adapting. Oxford: Oxford University Press. Leacock, E.B. 1981. Myths of Male Dominance. New York: Monthly Review Press. Le Treste, J., OMI. 1997. Souvenirs d’un missionnaire breton dans le Nord-Ouest canadien. Sillery, QC: Septentrion. Luna, F. 1993. Breve historia de los argentinos. Buenos Aires: Planeta. Manuel, G. and M. Posluns. 1974. The Fourth World: An Indian Reality. Don Mills, ON: Collier-MacMillan. Marchildon, G. and S. Robinson. 2002. Canoeing the Churchill: A Practical Guide to the Historic Voyageur Highway. Regina: Canadian Plains Research Centre. Morton, W.L. 1969. The Kingdom of Canada. Toronto: McClelland and Stewart. Olivier, G. 1964. “Hétérosis et dominance dans les populations humaines,” Comptes-ren- dus hebdomadaires des séances de l’Académie des sciences 259, no. 3: 4357–60. Peterson, J. 1978. “Prelude to Red River: A Social Portrait of the Great Lakes Métis,” Ethnohistory 25: 41–67. Peterson, J. and J.S.H. Brown. 1985. The New Peoples: Being and Becoming Métis in North America. Lincoln: University of Nebraska Press. Podruchny, C. 2006. Making the Voyageur World. Toronto: University of Toronto Press. Preston, R.J. 1976. “Reticence and Self-Expression: A Study of Style in Social Relationships.” Pp. 450–94 in W. Cowan (ed.), Papers of the Seventh Algonquian Conference, 1975. Ottawa: Carleton University Press. Price, J.A. 1978. Native Studies: American and Canadian Indians. Toronto: McGraw-Hill. Rivard, G. and P. Parker. 1975. A Comparative Study of the Status of Indigenous Persons in Australia, Canada, and New Zealand. Edmonton: University of Alberta mimeograph. Scollon, R. and S.B.K. Scollon. 1979. Linguistic Convergence: An Ethnography of Speaking at Fort Chipewyan, Alberta. New York: Academic Press. Sealey, D.B. and V.J. Kirkness (eds.). 1974. Indians Without Tipis. Agincourt, ON: Book Society of Canada. Sealey, D.B. and A.S. Lussier. 1975. The Métis: Canada’s Forgotten People. Winnipeg: Manitoba Métis Federation Press. Sharp, P.F. 1973 [1955]. Whoop-Up Country. Norman: University of Oklahoma Press. Siggins, M. 1994. Riel: A Life of Revolution. Toronto: HarperCollins. Sprenger, G.H. 1972. “The Métis Nation: Buffalo Hunting vs. Agriculture in the Red River Settlement (circa 1810–1870),” Western Canadian Journal of Anthropology 3, no. 1: 158–78. St-Onge, N. 2004. Saint-Laurent, Manitoba: Evolving Métis Identities, 1850–1914. Regina: Canadian Plains Research Center. Stanley, G.F.G. 1963. Louis Riel. Toronto: McGraw-Hill and Ryerson. Thompson, L. 1967. “Steps Toward a Unified Anthropology,” Current Anthropology 8: 67–91. Titley, E.B. 1979. “The Hawthorn Report and Indian Education Policy,” Canadian Journal of Native Education 7, no. 1: 10–13. Trevor, J.C. 1953. “Race Crossing in Man: The Analysis of Metrical Characters,” University of London Eugenic Laboratory Memoirs 36. ENDNOTES.qxp 2/15/2008 8:45 AM Page 271 Notes & References | 271 Vandervort, B. 2006. Indian Wars of Mexico, Canada and the United States, 1812–1900. New York: Routledge. Endnotes to Chapter 2 1. Joe Sawchuk, The Métis of Manitoba: Reformulation of an Ethnic Identity (Toronto: P. Martin Associates, 1978), contains an excellent discussion of this development as it relates cur- rently to Manitoba. 2. See particularly J. Russell Harper (ed.), Paul Kane’s Frontier: Including Wanderings of an Artist Among the Indians of North America (Austin, TX: University of Texas Press, 1971), 86, 142, 188, 189, 190, 191. 3. See Alexander Ross, The Red River Settlement: Its Rise, Progress, and Present State. With Some Account of the Native Races and Its General History to the Present Day (1856; Edmonton: Hurtig, 1972), 245–73. 4. See William Butler, The Great Lone Land: A Narrative of Travel and Adventure in the North- west of America (1872; Edmonton: Hurtig, 1968), Appendix A, p. 386. 5. See Marcel Giraud, Le Métis Canadien: son rôle dans l’histoire des provinces de l’Ouest (Paris: Institut d’ethnologie, 1945), 669–92; E.E. Rich (ed.), London Correspondence inward, from Eden Colvile, 1849–1852 (London: Hudson’s Bay Record Society, 1956), Introduction by W.L. Morton. Professor Morton’s introduction constitutes the most useful social histo- ry of the Red River Settlement in this period. As well, note J.E. Foster, “The Country- born in the Red River Settlement, 1820–1850” (PhD dissertation, University of Alberta, 1973). 6. See Giraud, Le Métis Canadien, 1002–41. 7. Trudy Nicks, “Iroquois and the Fur Trade in Western Canada” (unpublished paper, Fur Trade Conference, Winnipeg, 1978) constitutes the most recent and most useful schol- arly study. 8. Ibid., 15. 9. Jacqueline Peterson, “Prelude to Red River: A Social Portrait of the Great Lakes Métis,” Ethnohistory 24 no. 1 (Winter 1977): note 3. 10. Jennifer S.H. Brown, “Halfbreed, Squaw, and Other Categories: Some Semantic Shifts and their Implications in the Northwest Fur Trade, 1800–1850” (unpublished paper, Fur Trade Conference, Winnipeg, 1978). Dr. Brown’s study is fundamental to any dis- cussion on terminology bearing on the “mixed-bloods” in Western history. 11. For an explanation of the reasons for the use of this term see J.E. Foster, “The Origins of the Mixed Bloods in the Canadian West” in L.H. Thomas (ed.), Essays on Western History: In Honour of Lewis Gwynne Thomas (Edmonton: University of Alberta Press, 1976), 72–73. To date I have encountered “Rupert’slander” only in conversations with scholars seeking a more effective term for this socio-cultural entity. 12. J.M.S. Careless, “Frontierism, Metropolitanism and Canadian History,” Canadian His- torical Review 35, no. 1 (March 1954), details the historical explanation that frequently evokes the metropolitan perspective. 13. Perhaps the most useful examples are the scholarly treatments of Governor George Simpson. See A.S. Morton, Sir George Simpson: Overseas Governor of the Hudson’s Bay Company, a Pen Picture of a Man of Action (Toronto: Dent, 1944), and J.S. Galbraith, The Little Emperor: Governor Simpson of the Hudson’s Bay Company (Toronto: Macmillan of Canada), 1976. 14. A.J. Ray, Indians in the Fur Trade: Their Role as Trappers, Hunters, and Middlemen in the Lands Southwest of Hudson Bay, 1660–1870 (Toronto: University of Toronto Press, 1974), 59–61, 85. ENDNOTES.qxp 2/15/2008 8:45 AM Page 272 272 | Notes & References 15. C.W. Cole, Colbert and a Century of French Mercantilism (Hamden, CT: Archon Books, 1939), 2 vols., and Eli F.