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Interpreting the Transnational Material Culture of the 19Th - Century North American Plains Indians: Creators, Collectors, and Collections

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Interpreting the Transnational Material Culture of the 19Th - Century North American Plains Indians: Creators, Collectors, and Collections INTERPRETING THE TRANSNATIONAL MATERIAL CULTURE OF THE 19TH - CENTURY NORTH AMERICAN PLAINS INDIANS: CREATORS, COLLECTORS, AND COLLECTIONS by ALIDA S. BOORN B.A., Wright State University, 1987 M.A., Central Missouri University, 2005 AN ABSTRACT OF A DISSERTATION Submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY Department of History College of Arts and Sciences KANSAS STATE UNIVERSITY Manhattan, Kansas 2016 Abstract American Indian material culture collections are protected in tribal archives and transnational museums. This dissertation argues that the Plains Indian people and Euroamerican people cross pollinated each other’s material culture. Over the last two hundred years’ interpretations of transnational material culture acculturation of the 19th - Century North American Plains Indians has been interpreted in venues that include arts and crafts, photography, museums, world exhibitions, tourism destinations, entertainments and literature. In this work, exhibit catalogs have been utilized as archives. Many historians recognize that American Indians are vital participants and contributors to United States history. This work includes discussions about North American Indigenous people and others who were creators of material culture and art, the people who collected this material culture and their motives, and the various types of collections that blossomed from material culture and oral history proffering. Creators included Plains Indian women who tanned bison hides and their involvement in crafting the most beautiful art works through their skill in quillwork and beadwork. Plains Indian men were also creators. They recorded the family’s and tribe’s histories in pictograph paintings. Plains Indian storytellers created material that was saved and collected through oral tradition. Euroamerican artists created biographical images of the Plains Indian people that they interacted with. Collections of objects, legends, and art resulted from those who collected the creations made by the creators. Thus today there exists fine examples of ethno-heirlooms that pay tribute to the transnational acculturation and survival of the American Indian people of the Great Western Northern American Plains. What is most important is the knowledge, and an appreciation for the idea that a transnational cross-pollination of cultures enriched and became rooted in United States history. INTERPRETING THE TRANSNATIONAL MATERIAL CULTURE OF THE 19TH - CENTURY NORTH AMERICAN PLAINS INDIANS: CREATORS, COLLECTORS, AND COLLECTIONS by ALIDA S. BOORN B.A., Wright State University, 1987 M.A., Central Missouri University, 2005 A DISSERTATION submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY Department of History College of Arts and Sciences KANSAS STATE UNIVERSITY Manhattan, Kansas 2016 Approved by: Major Professor Bonnie Lynn-Sherow Copyright ALIDA S. BOORN 2016 Abstract American Indian material culture collections are protected in tribal archives and transnational museums. This dissertation argues that the Plains Indian people and Euroamerican people cross pollinated each other’s material culture. Over the last two hundred years’ interpretations of transnational material culture acculturation of the 19th - Century North American Plains Indians has been interpreted in venues that include arts and crafts, photography, museums, world exhibitions, tourism destinations, entertainments and literature. In this work, exhibit catalogs have been utilized as archives. Many historians recognize that American Indians are vital participants and contributors to United States history. This work includes discussions about North American Indigenous people and others who were creators of material culture and art, the people who collected this material culture and their motives, and the various types of collections that blossomed from material culture and oral history proffering. Creators included Plains Indian women who tanned bison hides and their involvement in crafting the most beautiful art works through their skill in quillwork and beadwork. Plains Indian men were also creators. They recorded the family’s and tribe’s histories in pictograph paintings. Plains Indian storytellers created material that was saved and collected through oral tradition. Euroamerican artists created biographical images of the Plains Indian people that they interacted with. Collections of objects, legends, and art resulted from those who collected the creations made by the creators. Thus today there exists fine examples of ethno-heirlooms that pay tribute to the transnational acculturation and survival of the American Indian people of the Great Western Northern American Plains. What is most important is the knowledge, and an appreciation for the idea that a transnational cross-pollination of cultures enriched and became rooted in United States history. Table of Contents List of Figures ............................................................................................................................... vii List of Tables ................................................................................................................................. xi Acknowledgements ....................................................................................................................... xii Chapter 1 - Introduction .................................................................................................................. 1 Section 1 - Creators and Creations ................................................................................................ 13 Chapter 2 - Defining Interpretations of Plains Indian Objects and Artifacts ................................ 14 Chapter 3 - Transnational Plains Indian Material Culture Creators and Creation Evolutions...... 35 Section 2 - Transnational Collectors and Material Culture Interpreters ....................................... 74 Chapter 4 - Transnational Ethnographic Artists ........................................................................... 75 Chapter 5 - Transnational Native American Artists and Storytellers ......................................... 105 Chapter 6 - Transnational Collectors of Arts and Crafts Ethno-Heirlooms................................ 127 Section 3 - Collections ................................................................................................................ 160 Chapter 7 - Transnational Museum Exhibits and Collections .................................................... 161 Chapter 8 - World’s Fairs, Expositions and other Tourist Destinations ..................................... 177 Chapter 9 - Transnational Travel Logs, Adventure Literature, and Photo Journalism Collections ............................................................................................................................................. 189 Chapter 10 - Archives, Archeological Sites, and Repatriation Conversations ........................... 200 Chapter 11 - Conclusions ............................................................................................................ 214 Bibliography ............................................................................................................................... 225 Appendix A - Exhibition Catalog Lists ...................................................................................... 259 Appendix B - Transnational Collections Lists ............................................................................ 261 Appendix C - European Museum Collections of Native American Material Culture ................ 264 Appendix D - Early American and World Expositions .............................................................. 266 Appendix E - Native American Plains Indian Archives ............................................................. 267 Appendix F - Images to Accompany Text .................................................................................. 270 vi List of Figures Figure F-1 Indian Utensils and Arms.......................................................................................... 270 Figure F-2 War Club, Early 19th Century .................................................................................. 270 Figure F-3 Winnebago Drum ...................................................................................................... 271 Figure F-4 Frame, Cradle, and Attached Toys ........................................................................... 271 Figure F-5 Maize Cast Iron Fence .............................................................................................. 272 Figure F-6 Moccasins with Thunderbird Motif .......................................................................... 273 Figure F-7 Plains Cree Tipi Cover .............................................................................................. 273 Figure F-8 Lakota Tipi Cover ..................................................................................................... 274 Figure F-9 Oglala Lakota, Winter Count .................................................................................... 274 Figure F-10 Winter Count ........................................................................................................... 275 Figure F-11 Shirt for Chief's War Dress, .................................................................................... 275 Figure F-12 Painted Buffalo Robe .............................................................................................
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