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The Life History, and Ultrastructural Development of the Epidermis, of a Marine Trematode, Lepocreadium Setiferoides Margaret Magendantz

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The Life History, and Ultrastructural Development of the Epidermis, of a Marine Trematode, Lepocreadium Setiferoides Margaret Magendantz University of New Hampshire University of New Hampshire Scholars' Repository Doctoral Dissertations Student Scholarship Spring 1969 THE LIFE HISTORY, AND ULTRASTRUCTURAL DEVELOPMENT OF THE EPIDERMIS, OF A MARINE TREMATODE, LEPOCREADIUM SETIFEROIDES MARGARET MAGENDANTZ Follow this and additional works at: https://scholars.unh.edu/dissertation Recommended Citation MAGENDANTZ, MARGARET, "THE LIFE HISTORY, AND ULTRASTRUCTURAL DEVELOPMENT OF THE EPIDERMIS, OF A MARINE TREMATODE, LEPOCREADIUM SETIFEROIDES" (1969). Doctoral Dissertations. 906. https://scholars.unh.edu/dissertation/906 This Dissertation is brought to you for free and open access by the Student Scholarship at University of New Hampshire Scholars' Repository. It has been accepted for inclusion in Doctoral Dissertations by an authorized administrator of University of New Hampshire Scholars' Repository. For more information, please contact [email protected]. This dissertation has been microfilmed exactly as received 70-4589 MAGENDANTZ, Margaret, 1941- THE LIFE HISTORY, AND ULTRASTRUCTURAL DEVELOPMENT OF THE EPIDERMIS OF A MARINE TREMATODE, LEPOCREADIUM SETIFEROIDES. University of New Hampshire, Ph.D., 1969 Zoology University Microfilms, Inc., Ann Arbor, Michigan THE LIFE HISTORY-, AND ULTRASTRUCTURAL uSVELOFKENT OF THci EPIDERMIS, OF A MARINE TASMATOJE, LEPOCREADIUM SSTIFERQIDES BY MARGARET MAGENDa NTZ B.A., Smith College! 1963 M#S., University of New Hampshire, 1965 A THESIS Submitted to the University of ^ew Hampshire In Partial Fulfillment of The Requirements of the degree of Doctor of Philosophy Graduate School Department of Zoology June 1969 This thesis has been examined and approved ft. _____________ \ cGrw^ V YrvJL s>_ £ -------------------- ' C?._____________ _______ Date June 19* 1969 ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS This study was directed by Professor Wilbur L. Bullock. I am grateful for Dr. Bullock's many suggestions and patient guidance during my doctoral studies. In addition, Dr. Bullock's courses and research have been of value to me in their emphasis on both the many biological questions posed by parasitology and the relationships of parasitology to animal and human populations throughout the world. I am grateful to the department of Zoology for the experience gained as a Graduate leaching Assistant and for materials supplied for my research. I wish to thank the other members of my doctoral committee, Dr. Arthur C. Borror, Dr. Robert A. Croker, Dr. Arthur C. Mathieson, Dr. Lorus J. Milne and Dr. Samuel C. Smith, whose diverse fields of interest and questions widened the scope of the present study. I am grateful for their criticisms also during the writing of this thesis. I wish to thank Dr. peter H. Cooke for instruction in electron microscopy and for numerous suggestions concerning this area of my research. X am grateful to ^r. Emory C. Clippert for instruction in the use of the electron microscope and accessory equipment. Finally I wish to thank the many Zoology graduate students who helped me seining on the mudflats. H i TABLE OF CONTENTS page LIST OF TABLES AND FIGURES IN TEXT........ vi LIST OF FIGURES IN APPENDIX............................ vii ABSTRACT............................................ lx I. INTRODUCTION......................................... 1 II. REVIEW OF THE LITERATURE.... .................... 6 fart 1. The Parasitic Platyhelciinth Epidermis*........... 6 The Nature of the Epidermis.................... 6 The Development and Functions of the Trematode Epidermis ............. •. •....... 7 Histochemistry and biochemistry of the -Epidermis... 10 Part 2. Ecology of Marine larval '^rematodes Including Those Infecting Nassarius obsoletus .... 12 Part 3* The Family Lepocreadiidae.......... 14 III. MATERIALS AND METHODS................................. 16 Collection Sites....... 16 Light and Electron Microscopy................... 16 IV. FIELD OBSERVATIONS AND LABORATORY EXPERIMENTS ON THE LIFE CYCLE....................................... 19 The First Intermediate Host....... 19 The Second Intermediate Host.......... 23 The definitive Hosts.,... .... ••••.... •*••• 28 Description of the Life Stages of L. setiferoides. .................... 34 The Miracidia...................................... 38 V. THE LARVAL AND ADULT STAGES AND DEVELOPMENT OF THE EPIDERMIS........................................... 40 The Hedia.................... 40 The Cercaria............ 45 The .............................. * 50 The Adult. .... 52 Comparison of the Epidermis of Adult, Metacercarial and Cercarial Stages.............. 53 VI. SUMMARY AND CONCLUSIONS............................... 64 The Life Cycle.............. .......... 64 Development of the Epidermis as ^elated to the Life Cycle................. .............. 66 BIBLIOGRAPHY APPENOIX LIST OF FIGURES AilD TABLES Hi TEXT page Incidence of Larval Trematodes in flassarius obsoletus (15-25mm long),..,,...,......................... 2 1 Seasonal Distribution of Pol.ydora llgni on N* obsoletus Shells in the depression at Johnson's Creek. ..... 25 Infection of L. putnani by Ingestion of P. ligni Containing tfetacercariae ........ 26 Duration of Natural Infections of L. setiferoides in L. putnami.... ................................ 26 Seasonal Distribution of L. putnami at Emerson's Beach and Crommet Creek, and Percentage Infected with Gravid L. setiferoides ..... 3D Size Distribution of L, putnani in Shallow Water in the Great Bay region ......... 31 Incidence of Lepocreadium in L. putnami. £• americanus and M. s cor plus....................... 32 vi LIST OF FIGURES THE APPENDIX Number page 1. Anterior end of a live redial germinal sac of L. setiferoides............................ ........ g2 2 . Cercarial germinal ball removed from a live redia....... 82 3* ^lder cercarial germinal ball with primordium oftail.... 82 4, Live cercaria of L. setiferoides...................... 82 3* The excretory bladder of the cercaria......... ....... 82 6 . Living Polydora ligni....... ........................ 7 . The metacercaria of L. setiferoides................... 8^ 8 . Live immature adult L. setiferoides................... 314. 9 . Live adult L. setiferoides with protruded cirrus......... g* 10. Epidermis of a live adult L. setiferoides.............. QI4, 1 1 . fcncleaved egg just released............ 86 12. Egg in an early stage of differentiation when released... 86 1 3* 13 day-old miracidium, still in the egg shell.......... 36 11 *.. 2 ? day-old miracidium with an eyespot ........... 35 1 3. 3 8 day-old miracidium. still in the egg shell.......... 33 16. Section of a redia containing germinal balls ...... 33 17. Young redia in gonadal connective tissue of N. obsoletus....................................... 33 18. Young redia with young germinal balls................. 33 19. Young redia with microvilli.......................... 33 20. A tortuous invagination of the redial body wall........ 33 2 1 .. wature redia in gonadal connective tissue........... 33 .2 2 . A tortuous invagination of the redial body wall........ 90 23* Portion of redial body wall folded into lobes............ ^ 24. Two redial body walls with a thin epidermis............. ^ 23* Superficial and lower regions of a redial epidermis...... ^5 26 ■ A redia within the hepatopancreas of N_. obscletus 98 27. A narrow inpocketing of the redial body wall.......... 99 28. Parenchyma tissue of a redia......................... 102 29. Body wall of an older redia*..................... 103 30. Transverse section of superficial epidermis of a cercaria............. *......................... 106 3 1* tangential section of superficial epidermis........... 107 3 2*(ASuperficial layer and lower cellular region of cercarial epidermis ................. 11 0 32.(B)Higher magnification of part of the lower epidermis 110 33* Epidermis of the oral sucker of a cercaria............ m 34. Excretory bladder of the cercaria...... 11 U 33* Transverse section of a cercarial tail...... 115 36. Superficial epidermis, underlying muscle layers and parenchyma of the metacercaria...................... U 8 37* Caecal epithelium of a metacercaria. • ............... 119 38. Adult epidermis including the superficial syncytial layer and lower epidermal cells.. .... 122 39* Adult epidermis with narrow cytoplasmic processes...... 123 40. Superficial layer of adult epidermis................. 126 41. "igher magnification of the superficial layer of adult epidermis............... 127 42. Portion of the lower epidermis of the adult........... 13 0 viil ABSTRACT THE LIFE HISTORY, AND ULTRASTRuCi'uRAL DEVELOPii-lENT OF THE ErlJbnHIS* uF A MARINE TREMATODE, LEfGCREADIUn SiTIFE \CIDHS by MARGARET MAGENDANT2 The life cycle postulated for Lepocreadium setiferoides Hiller and Northup, 1926 in the ureat Bay region of New Hampshire is related to seasonal environmental changes and movements of the hosts in a salt marsh depression and creek. It involves the gastropod Nassarius obsoletus, the spionid polychaete Polydora ligni and the Smooth Flounder (Llopsetta putnami), The life stages of this marine digenetic trematode are further elucidated, and the miraciaia, young rediae and metacercariae described for the first time. By means of light and electron microscopy the development of L, setiferoides is followed and the modifi­ cations of its epidermis are related to external conditions affecting the three hosts and internal differences in the host's tissues* The percentage of snails, 15-25mm long, infected and releasing cercariae is low ( a maximum of 7^), possibly due to the unusually high incidence of another trematode
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