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Annual Environmental Report 2000
Annual Environmental Report 2000 Committee on Ecology 2. Efforts regarding global environmental conservation Disruption of the global environment has global environmental issues lies in the fact that become an important concern for us all. Global we are assailants and victims at the same time. warming—believed to be caused by green- As the unit of CO2 emission from railways in house gases such as CO2—could have a seriously proportion to transportation volume is low in detrimental impact on our future, in terms of comparison to other means of transportation, both time and space. The effects of further notably the automobile (see page 34), railways global warming include a change in overall cli- are in relative terms an environment-friendly mate, which will in turn effect the worldwide means of getting from one point to the next. ecosystem and bring about a rise in sea levels. Moreover, electric trains do not emit any CO2 in The emission of large volumes of CO2 into operation, since their power source is electricity. the air—a result of the use of fossil fuels— The volume of energy consumption by JR places the blame for global warming on us, the East, however, has reached 58.7 billion MJ citizens of our environment. Therefore, while (worth 1.52 million kl of crude oil) in fiscal 1999. the products of industry and technology have This means that, however indirectly, we still produced real and lasting benefits, it is undeni- emit a large volume of CO2. JR East is striving to able that they have created problems that, prevent further global warming through reduc- unless they are resolved, will forever impact life tions in energy consumption and CO2 emission. -
Bilevel Rail Car - Wikipedia
Bilevel rail car - Wikipedia https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bilevel_rail_car Bilevel rail car The bilevel car (American English) or double-decker train (British English and Canadian English) is a type of rail car that has two levels of passenger accommodation, as opposed to one, increasing passenger capacity (in example cases of up to 57% per car).[1] In some countries such vehicles are commonly referred to as dostos, derived from the German Doppelstockwagen. The use of double-decker carriages, where feasible, can resolve capacity problems on a railway, avoiding other options which have an associated infrastructure cost such as longer trains (which require longer station Double-deck rail car operated by Agence métropolitaine de transport platforms), more trains per hour (which the signalling or safety in Montreal, Quebec, Canada. The requirements may not allow) or adding extra tracks besides the existing Lucien-L'Allier station is in the back line. ground. Bilevel trains are claimed to be more energy efficient,[2] and may have a lower operating cost per passenger.[3] A bilevel car may carry about twice as many as a normal car, without requiring double the weight to pull or material to build. However, a bilevel train may take longer to exchange passengers at each station, since more people will enter and exit from each car. The increased dwell time makes them most popular on long-distance routes which make fewer stops (and may be popular with passengers for offering a better view).[1] Bilevel cars may not be usable in countries or older railway systems with Bombardier double-deck rail cars in low loading gauges. -