PE L5 April 8, 1966

Choirm:n Liu Shso-chi's Visit lL To Afghoniston

4 How I ndonesion Right -Wing Generols Seized Stote Power

{^ Wor Threst of U.S. lmperiolism .w Must Be Tsken SeriouslY Renmin Ribao editoriol. April 8, 19ffi PEKING REVIEW Vol. 9, No. 15 Published in English, French, Spcnish, Joponese ond Germon editions

THE WEEK Choirmon Liu Shoo-chi Visits Afghoniston; Choirmon Liu's Speech ot Stote Bonquet; Successf ul Tour of West Pokiston; Soto Government's New Chollenge {p. 3) ARTICIES AND DOCUMENTS Chino-Pokiston Joint Communique (p. 6) fhe UYcr fhreot of U,S. lmperiolism Must Be Token Seriously - Renmin Ribao editoriol {p. 6) 400th Serious Wcrning to U'S' lmperiolism (p. 8) lndonesion Rightists Out to Undermine Sino-lndonesion Relotions (p. 10) How the Indonesion Right-Wing Generols Seized Stote Power - Hsinhuo News Agency (p. 11) Applouse From U.S., Britoin ond "Moloysio" - Hsinhuo News Agency (p, 13) lndio's Provocotion {p. 14} Protest Agoinst Ghonoion Authorities' Slonders (p. 15) Where Are Kenyot Authorities Toking Sino-Kenyon Relotions? (p. 16) Ihe 6reot lesson: ol the Poris Commune - Cheng Chih-szu (p. 17) Albonion Porty of Lobour Refuses to Accept C,P,S.U. Letter of Invitotion to 23rd Congress (p. 19) New Zeolond C.P. Turns Down C,P.S.U.'s lnvitotion (p. 21) Joponese C.P. Refuses to Send Delegotes to C.P.S.U. 23rd Congress (p, 21) Moscow Meeting Hos Nothing in Common With o Congress of the Porty o, Lenin - Soys Jocques Grippo {p. 2) C,P.S.U. 23nd Congress: Further Betroyol ond Copitulotion Soys N. Son: mugothoson (p. 22) - All Morxist-Leninists Wiil Repudiote the Soviet Revisionist5 Soys E.F. Hill (p. 241 - C.P,S.U' 23rd Congress Extension of Rump Left Over by Khrushchov Soys Malayan Monitor -(p. 25) - Why They Go to Yongton - Peki,ng Retsieu Correspondents (p. 26) ROUND IHE WORTD South Vietnom: Trends in People's Wor; lndio: The Art of Begging; West Germony: A Gorb Thot Doesn't Fit (p. 30)

Published every Fridoy by PEKING REVIEW Poi Won Chrong, Pe*ing {37}, Chino Pct Oflice Begi5trction lro. 2-922 &ble Address; Peting 291O Printed in the People's Republic ot Chino 1 I I t_" i.\ THE WEEIC

Choirmon Liu Shqo-chi Yisits Afghcniston

|HAIRNIAN Liu Shao-chi and his i \-, wile Wang Kuang-mei arrived in Kabul on April 4 on a friendship l visit at the invitation of King Mohammed Zahir Shah. More than 100,000 people braved the rain to give Chairman Liu and his party a rousing welcome. The airport was festively decorated with the national flags of both coun- tries and huge streamers with the slogan: "Long live the friendship be- t'uveen Afghanistan and Cirina !'' Coloured balloons trailing s'elcome sLogans added gaiety to the atmos- phere. When Chairman Liu ap- peared on the ramp, the crowd burst into thunderous cheers. King Zahir Shah and Queen Homaira walked up and warmly greeted Chairman and Madarne Liu Shao-chi, Vice-Prernier Chairmaq Liu Sbao-chi at the airport with King Zahir Shah and Madame Chen Yi and other members of the pafty. Then King Zahir Shah conducted Chairman Liu man and Madame Liu. Both King for economic and cultural progress. to the red-carpeted dais where he Zahir Shah and Chairman Liu spoke He also expressed support for the took the salute from a guard of at the banquet. restoration of the legitimate rights honour to the aceompaniment of the rhe King extended, a hearty wer- national anthems of China and Af- i,t"J,:::'T;:" T|JJ" *j|!, ":ffi: come to his guests. Emphasizing the Afghan people have supported and ghanistan. A 21-gun salute boomed amicable relations that exist out as children dressed national s.ill continue to support with com- in betg,een the trvo countries. he said: costumes presented flowers to the plete sincerity the struggles wagd Chinese guests. "Afghanistan and the People's Re- by the nations of the world to win public of China have taken giant fteedom and the right to determine When the procession arrived at strides in the last few years towards their own destiny." He expressed Chilsitoon Palacg a group of chil- a stronger bond of friendship with the conviction that Chairman Liu's dren performed folk dances and sang each other." He hailed the Chinese visit would benefit the development songs while the King and the Queen people's struggle against foreign in- and strengthening of friendly rela- chatted with Chairman and Madame fluence and their unremitting efforts tions between the two countries. Liu Shao-ehi and Viee-Premier and Madame Chen Yi. ?he King and Queen both recalled their visit to Chairman Liuts Speech at State Banquet China in 1964. The King said: "Our two countries are separated by high Your Majesties King Mohammed people for the Chinese people. On mountains and dense forests, but you Zahir Shah and the Queen, behaif of the Chinese Government took only a few hours to get here. Dear Friends, and people, I extend sincere thanks and respects to Their Majesti,es the We hope our mutual visits will I am very glad to have the oppor- King and the and the Afghan strengthen the close friendship be- tunity of visiting our friendly neigh- Queen Gover-nment and people. tween us." bour Afghanistan. Upon our arrival Shorlly after their arrival, Chair- we have been accorded a magnifi- Although this is the first time I man and Madame Liu called on King cent and cordial welcome. This is visit your country, I have not come Zahir Shah and Queen Homaira. In not only an honour to us indivi- to a strange land. The Chinese peo- the evening, the King and the Queen dually, but an expression of th,e pJ.e ar-e u,elL acquainted with your gave a banquet in.honour of Chair- profound friendship of the Afghan country and people. Yours is a

April 8, 1966 country with a iong historY, which the anti-imperiaiist revolutionary cause of solidarity against imperial- has ah,r,ays maintained independence. struggles of other Afro-Asian peo- ism wi.ll eventually triumph. industrious and coura- ples. We hold that the threat to the Yours is an The visit to China made by Their geous people s,ith a glorious tradi- indep-^ndenc,e of any country means Majesties the King and the Queen tion of fighting imperialism. Friend- a threat to all the Afro-Asian coun- over a year ago has strer-rgthened the ly intercourse between the p,eoples tries; victory in the people's struggle friendly relations and co-operation China and Afghanistan dates as oI any country constilutes a support of and pro- far back as 2,000 years. And the to all the Afro-Asian peoples. At between our two cor-rtttlies past decade and more has witnessed present, the Vietnamese people are moted the friendship between our nerv development of this friendship. faced with the frenzied armed ag- two peoples. I hop'e that our present gression by the United States and visit wil-l make a similar contribu- Both our countries were subjected are resisting heroically. Imperialist tion. aggression, and are to imperialist subversion and sabotage have brought opposed the exploitation I propose a toast firmly to temporary setbacks to the cause of and oppression of nation bY nation independence and progress of some to the prosperity of Afghanistan nation6. and to inequality betrnreen Afro-Asian countries. The people of and the well-being of its people, Therefore, since the establishment of the countries concerned are fighting relations between our to the friendship between the Chi- diplomatic dauntlessly to defend their national countries, our relationship has nese and Afghan peoples, two indep,endence won through protract- always be,en friendly, equal and ed struggles. The Afro-Asian peo- to Afro-Asian solidarity and r'r,or'Id based on mutual benefit. There is ple's struggle to win and s,afeguard peace, no conflict of interests betw-een our independence cannot possibly be ai1 two eountries. We have done noth- to the health of Their Majesties plain-sailing. But they will be tem- ing to harm you, nor have you done King Mohammed Zahi Shah and pered through rep,eated and torluous anything to harm us. This mutual the Queen. and struggles, and become still more respect development of and the determined and united. llhere is no to the health of a]l oul friends friendly relations between our tu,o doubt that the Afr-o-Asian people's present here! countries are in the interests of both our peopies. China has ahvays stood for the Successful development of relations rvith other Tour of West Pakistan basis Five c,ountries on the of the Liu Shao-chi and his Sino-Pakistan friendship. The Pakis- Principles of Peaceful Co,existence. CHAIRMAN U ,uvife Wang Kuang-mei returned tan daily Dawn said: "I'he visit has In particular, we stress equaiity of to Hotien in Sinkiang on tlarch 31 made history and further cemented all nations, big or smaIl, and are after a memorable tour of West the neighbourly and friendly ties be- resolutely opposed to big-porver Pakistan. Vice-Premier and Foreign We are opposed big tween Pakistan and China. It has chauvinism. to Minister Chen Yi and his wife Chang power discriminating against, despis- been rightly said that this relation- Chien accompanied them on the same oppressing sma1l ship has developed into an unbreak- ing, bullying or plane. They are scheduled to visit problems able bo.nd." On April 7 Rentnin countries. World can only East Pakistan later this month. be deeided by all nations jointly, and Ribao's main headline read: "Sino- monopoly by a fer.v big pou,ers is Chairmar-r Liu's state visit has Pakistan Friendship Is Not Based on absolutely impermissible. China t'ill filled a ne\i' page in the history of Expediency But Has a Solid Founda- not permit other nations to take a big-power chauvinist attitude to- *tr$.t . --..* v-:i:lr:I:als wards her, nor does she allow herself h. ;.:t sl

to take the same attitude torvards ;di a; *.s : others. Chairman Mao Tse-tung has said, "In internationai deal- ings, the Chinese people must eradi- eate big-power chauvinism resolutelv, thoroughiy, whoily and completelv." We have been endeavouring to do so for the past decade and more. In our opinion, genuine friendly rela- tions can be established only between countries which really treat each other as equals, and only such friendiy relations can stand all tests. The Chinese people have always been concerned for and supported A rousing welcome {or Chairman Liu in Lahore

4 Peking Rbuiew, No. 15 tion." A subhead added: "The fur- hours to cover the five-mile route and finally repulsed the aggressor ther consolidation and development fron.r. the airport to the Governor's and safeguarded the independence of friendly co-operati.on betrveen House. Said an 80-year-o1d man who and sovereignty of their country. China and Pakistan accords with the was among the crowd: "Lahore has Your victory shows that a people common aspirations of the two peo- seen two things to its credit fighting for a just cause is invin- ples and is conducive to Afro-Asian u,inning the battle of Lahore against- cible." solidarity and world p€ace.', the Indian aggressors and then ttris Chairman Liu's visit has done much grand reception for the Chinese Chairman Liu took the opportunity to enhance Sino-Pakistan friendship Ieader." Moved by the b,ig rvelcome, of his visit to hold talks with Pres- and, as Foreign Minister Chairman Liu said: "This is a vivid Bhutto said, ident Ay'ub Khan. Complete accord "has left an unforgettable impression expression of the Pakistan people's was reached. Said the Pakistan Pres- on the hearts and minds of the peo- fraternal sentiments for Chinese ident in a speech broadcast on April the p1e people." of Pakistan." Rooted in history 1: "We had sincere and frank talks and geography and in the desire for with the Chinese head of state and world peace and tranquitlity, that his party, and reached compiete Tested Friendship friendship, said the Pakistan Foreign understanding on matters of mutual The friendship betrveen the Chi- Minister, "is imperishable and un- interest. It is the earnest desire of breakabie nese and Pakistan peoples has stood and it cannot be bargained both China and Pakistan to make the test of time. It has further or bartered." every possible effort to estabii.sh deve).oped in the fight against im- peace in the world, particularly peace perialism and expansionism. At a in this region." A joint communique Soto Government's New luncheon given on Nlarch 29 in lvas issued on March 31 'which was Chollenge honour of the Chinese gr.rests, I'Ime. prominently featured in the news- J.A. Shah Nag,az. President papers of both countries. (Full text of the qINCE taking office in the autumn Pakistan-China Friendship Associa- L./ of 1964, Japan's Sato government of the communique on p. 6.) tion of Lahore, said that the age-o1d has made many moves sabotaging bonds of friendship between Pakistan Unprecedented Welcome Sino-Japanese friendship. The latest and China had been strengthened came on March 29 ,'vhen it decided The welcome accorded Chairman over the last ferv years, In Sep- to deny entry permits to members of Liu by the Pakistan people v/as un- tember last year, she said, "when the a delegation of the Chinese People's precedented. It was described as "the guns \4rere thi-rndering 12 miles from Institute of Foreign Af fairs for a grealest popr.rlar welcome ever given where we stand today, the veil was goodwill visit at the invitation of the to a foreign head of state in the his- lifted from our eyes, and our real Japanese Socialist Party. Aimed at tory ol Pakistan." For the first time friends and those rvho paid lipserv- obstructing friendly exchanges kle- in its 26 years, the Pakistan paper ice to friend-ship were sharply dif- tween the Chinese and Japanese peo- Morning Netus on March 30 ran its ferentiated in our minds. The help ples, it is fresh evidence of the Sato main headline in Chinese characters: and friendship that the People's Re- government's subservience to U.S. "Welcome Our Distinguished Guests pubiic of China extended to us in thi.s imperialism and hostility torvards to Karachi." Many newspapers car- hour of trlal will never be forgotten China. ried photographs of Chairman Mao by us and the bonds that lvere forged More than 50 political parties and Tse-tung and Chairman Liu Shao-chi in this fire shall be eternal and organizations in Japan strongly pro- and devoted full pages to covering unchangeabler" tested against the decision. Kozo the news of the Chinese leader's tour. Vice-Premier Chen Yi reiterated Sasaki, Chairman of the Japanese Chairman Liu received a tre- China's support for Pakistan at the Socialist Party, said that the Sato mendous welcome everywhere he civic reception in Lahore. Paying government's action was a challenge rvent. Rawalpindi, interim capital ol tribute to the people of that city from the U.S. and Japanese reaction- Pakistan, gave him a fabulous recep- wh.ch stood in the forefront of the aries to the people of Japan and tion never before witnessed in the struggle against Indian aggression, other Asian countries. He said that city (see Peking Reoieu, No. 14, p. 3). he said: "Faced with the invasion of his party would fight to the finish to In Karachi, Pakistan's biggest city, a strong enemy, you put up a valiant defeat the move and to bring about several hundred thousand people resistance, feared no sacrifice and the entry of the Chinese delegation. lined the streets, greeting him displayed great patriotism and hero- rvith In Peking, a spokesman of the shorvers of red rose petals. In Lahore, ism, thus adding chapter a brilliant Chinese People's Institute of Foreign the heroic city where the Pakistan the annals the Pakistan peo- to of Affairs denounced the Sato govern- people repulsed t,Le Indian aggres- ple's against aggression. fight Under ment and said: "Though the Sato sors' attack, nearly one peo- million the leadership of President Moham- government obstructs our delega- pIe turned They thronged the mad Ayub Khan, Pakistan peo- out. the tion's visit to Japan, no force on streets and gave Chairman Liu and his ple, united as one and filled with a earth can disrupt our friendlY party such an enthusiastic reception common hatred torvards their enemy, relations with our Japanese friends that the motorcade, moving at a triumphed over the enemy r,vho r'vas walking pace, took one and a hali superior in strength and number, (Continued on p. 31.)

April 8, 1966 5 Chino-Pokiston Joint Communique

Morch 31, 1966

A T the invitation of Field Marshal Mohammad Ayub of the Kashmiri people for their right of self- A Xn"rr, President of Pakistan, His Excellency Mr. determination. Liu Shao-chi, Chairman of the People's Repubiic of The President expressed the deep gratitude of the China, and Mme. Liu Shao-chi paid a friendly state Governrnent and people of Pakistan for the support visit to Pakistan. They were accompanied by Vice- they received from the Government and people of Premler Chen Yi, Mme. Chen Yi and other high China in resisting aggression. The Chairman expressed officials of the Chinese Government. admiration {or the heroism and patriotism of the Pakistan peopie in their struggle against loreign ag- During the visit, Chairman Liu Shao-chi and his gression and intervention. The Chairman reaffirmed party were aceorded rousing welcome and magnif- a that the Chinese Government and people adhere to Pakistan Govern- icent reception everywhere by the their prineipled stand of opposing aggression and people, sincere ment and which demonstrated the assisting its victims, and that the Chinese people un- friendship of the Pakistan people for the Chinese peo- swervingly stand at the side of the Pakistan people in ple. Chairman Liu Shao-chi expressed the heartfelt their struggle to defend national independence and thanks to the Fresident and the Pakistan Governirrent sovereignty and oppose aggression. and people. The President reiterated the firm belief of the Gov- The Chairman and the President had a frank and ernment and people of Pakistan that the People's Re- friendly exchange of views on the present interna- public of China should be restored its lawful rights tional situation and the further development of the in the United Nations and that any scherne to create friendly relations and co-operation between China "trvo Chinas" is bound to fail. The Chairman ex- and Pakistan. They expressed satisfaction at the re- pressed thanks for this stand. sults of the talks. The Chairman and the President expressed satis- The Chairman and the President stressed that the faction at the development of friendly relations Kashmiri people's right of self-determination must between their countries. They stressed that the friend- ship between China and Pakistan is not lrased on ex- be respected and that the Kashmir dispute should be pediency but on a solid foundation. The peopie of settled in aecordance with the wishes of the Kashmiri the two countries have given sympathy and support people as pledged to them by both Pakistan and India. to each other in the struggle against aggression, and The President reaffirmed Pakistan that the Govern- a profound friendship has been forged between them. ment w-ill continue support Kashmiri people's to the ?he tw'o parties are determined to further strengttrren struggle for self-determination. The Chairman and develop the friendly relations and eo-operation reaffirmed the firm support of the Chinese Govern- tretrveen China and Pakistan, and hold that this is in ment and peopie to the righteous stand of the Pz:kis- accord with the eommon desire of tke two peoples and tan Governrnent on this dispute and the just struggle conducive to Afro-Asian solidarity and wcrld peaee.

The \Van Threot of U.s. lmperialism Must Be Token Seriously

A SPOKESMAN of the Chinese Foreign Ministry was debt which U.S. imperialisrn owes to the Chinese people, 1 r authorized to issue on April 5 the 400th serious a debt that must be cleared. They also constitute ar-r warning relation in to the crimes of aggression the undeniable, iron-clad proof of the U.S. imperialist ag- United Sta-tes has cor::n.ritted by encroaching on China,s gression against Clfina and its threat to Asian and world territorial vraters anci air space. These crimes are a pc'ace. o Peking Retiew, No. 15 Over a iong period, warships and aircraft sent by of U.S. imperialism in its miiitary deployment around U.S. imperialism have ceaselessly invaded China's ter- China have become more.and more feverish, and it has ritorial waters qnd qir. space. qnd. engaged in flagrant built a crescent cordon''. in.the pacific "new 'from Asian and military provocations against China. 'This has becomi: ' regioni eiPhilippines, south Vietnam, Thailancl and In the seven years and morb since the Chinese Govern- "Malaysia" and all the way to india. The rrilitary de- ment issued its first serious rvarning in September, ployment and aggressive activities of U.S. imperialism 1958, a total of 361 intrusions into China,s terrj.toiai in the Asian and Pacific regions are aimed at both the rvaters by 443 U.S. warships has been recorded; and supp,ression of the revolutionary movements of the peo- 487 U.S. aircraft have intruded into China's air space ple of the Asian countries and the launching ol a war on 31.4 occasions. For one country to engage in military of aggression against China. provoca'uions against another sovereign state for so Ion.1 and so systematically is almost without precedent iil Step by step U.S. imperialism is shiftlng the centre the history of international relations. And these provo- cf gravity of its "global strategy" from Europe to the Asian cations have been grow-ing in intensity, frequency and and Pacific regions. It already deploys more ground, scope every year. It is ciear that U.S. imperialisrn will naval and air forces in these regions than in persist to the end in its hostiliiy towards the Chinese Europe and the Atlantic region. It is certainly not for people and that it is constantly threatening China with fu-n that U.S. imperialism is throwing so large a prcpor- war. tion of its military strength into the Asian and Pacific regions. It is undertaking an important strategic de- Top military and government officials in Washing- ployrnent of its forces, preparing to start an even bigger ton and the U.S. press have not only been furiously u'ar of aggression in Asia. cursing China but brazenly clamour for a contest of great Chi- strength with it, whiie the Johnson Administration sends China is a revolutionary country. The nese people are persevering their socialist revolution massive reinforcements to south Vietnam to speed up the in and socialist construction at home, and they firmly sup- expansion of its war of aggression. These belligerent port the revolutionary struggles of all oppressed people outcries of the U.S. imperialists require analysing. Some and oppressed nations abroad. Precisely for this reason, are blackmail. A great din plus a whiff of gunpowder, U.S. imperialism regards China as the principal obstacle they think, will make the Chinese people so terror- in the way of its policies of r,var and aggression in Asia stricken that they will "shut the doors and windows and of the realization of its "global strategy.". The to keep out the moonlight, and 1et the plum blossorns methods U.S. imperialism has been contemplating for take care of themselves." On the other hand, there destroying revolutionary China sirnply amount to this: are those who are really itching to take the field and first, to bring China to her knees by military intimida- to start a war'of aggression against China. tion. This has proved useless. Second, to pin its hopes is a pipe Recently, the U.S. ruling clique has thrown out on "peaceful evolution" in China, which again dream. Third, to engage China in a large-scale shooting hints that it wants to "improve" Sino-U.S. relations war, and evidence is increasingly clear that the and adopt a "flexible policy" towards China. The the U.S. imperialisLs are preparing to impose lvar on the Chinese people are not taken in. The U.S. imperiai:sts people. insist on maintaining their occupation of China's prov- Chinese ince of Taiwan. Their forces are deployed in the Taiwan After the victory in the War of Resistance Against Straits. And they are continuing their reckless military Japan and on the eve of the counter-revolutionary civil provocations against the Chinese mainland. In the cir- war started by the Kuomintang reactionaries, Comrade cumstances, the hints of "goodwill" dropped by the U.S. Mao Tse-tung told the Chinese people: "As Chiang ruling c[que are very ob,viously part of its eounter- Kai-shek is now sharpening his swords, we must sharpen revolutionary dual tactics, an atternpt to undermine the ours too." Today, we adopt the same policy towards the Chinese people's fighting determination and impair their U.S. imperialist threat of war, which we take seriously. combat readiness. The Chinese people must work untiringly to ensure that preparations for action are all well carried out. We Ttre Chinese people have seen through the aggres- are not the chiefs ol staff of U.S. imperialism. It is the sive, trigger-happy character of U.S. imperialism. They U.S. imperialists and not we that want war. Therefore, have never had. any illusions drbout U.S. imperialism iL we must be prepared for a war they may start at some been reluctant to accept the downfall of the reac- has later date, and be even more prepared for an early Chiang Kai-shek dynasty and the complete oust- tionary war; we must be prepared for a small-sca1e war and of its forces of aggression from the Chinese main- ing even more for a large-scale war. An early war means Therefore, less than a year after the founding of land. one that will have to be fought this year or next. A People's Republic of China, U.S. imperialism started the large-scale war means one in which the U'S. imperialists aggression in Korea and occupied the its war of Chinese will use all their strength, sending several million or province of Taiwan by armed force. Subsequently, the even ten milllon troops to China. U.S.:imperialist forces of aggression entered Indo-China and took over the role of the French colonialists in China has a totaL area of 9,600,000 square south Vietnam and Laos. Year after year, the efforts kilometres and a population of 650 million. We have

April 8, 1966 I

the wise leadership of the Central Committee of the dispersed its strength, with its front line so very extended Party headed by Comrade Mao Tse-tung, the inrrincible and its rear so faraway. Never in history has any ag- People's Liberation Army, and militia divisions in ali gressor so deployed his forces. In appearance, U.S. corners of the country. Let the U.S. imperialists strike imperial.ism has taken up a posture as though it could as gland a posture in this vast battlefield of China as seize the whole globe; in fact it is in a position of they can. ?he Chinese people cherish peace. But if passivity, ready for a beating. A light breeze is enough U.S. imperialism insists on launching war against China, to make it start and quiver. If simultaneously several our attitude will be to go on with it to the very end. anti-U.S. storms rise in the world, it wi-il be har-d put cope is The Chinese people and U.S. imperialism are not to with the situation. Today U.S. imperialism not stronger weaker was more than ten new acquaintances. As the saying goes, it takes a fight but than it years ago, grown weaker but for people to get to know eaeh other. And the Chinese while China has not stronger. people know U.S. imperialism perfectly well. In fact, we grappled with it trvice after Worid War II. The Should U.S. imperialism dare to attack China, either first time was in the 1946-49 civil war which, as Com- on a limited scale or in futl strength, the only result rade Mao Tse-tung said, was "waged to all appealances will be the total annihilation of the U.S. invaders. The by Chiang Kai-shek but in reality by the United States" Chinese people are fully plepared, at all times, for a against the Chinese people; it was "a war in which the possible sudden attack by U.S. imperialism. So long Uuited States supplies the money and guns and Chiang as U.S. imperialism exists we of this generation must Kai-shek supplies the rnen to fight for the United States be prepared, and so should be the second and the third and slaughter the Chinese people." This war ended generations. The sharp antagonism and fierce struggle s.ith the thorough defeat of the Chiang Kai-shek clique. between revolutionary China on the one hand and U.S. i.e., the thorough defeat of U.S. imperialism. The second imperialism which is continuously extending its aggres- occasion was the 1950-53 war in Korea. Fighting shoul- sion and war on the other is the inevitable result of der to shoulder with .the Korean People's Army, the historical development. This struggle will go on through- Chinese People's Volunteers had a direct contest of out this historical era. One mouthpiece of U.S. imperia).- strength rvith Lr.S. imperialism, and forced it to borv ism has said that the United States would need thirty its head and sign the arnistice agreement at Panmun- -vears to deal with China. We tell. him plainly: "With jom. Today, once again U.S. imperialism appears fier-ce gleat revolutionary spirit, the Chinese people are deter- and truculent. But there is not all that much to them. mined to struggle against U.S. imperialism for one, tlo The fundamental fact is this: ours is a just cause, theirs or even three huadred years until it is utterly defeated is unjust. Moreover, U.S. imperialism has too limited and the world revolution is completely victorious." capital to match its great ambitions. In its attempt to dominate the lvorld, it has stretched its talons wide and ("Renrnin Ribao" eilitorial, April 6.)

+A0th Serious Worning to U.S. lmperiolism

U.S. Militory Proyocotions Agoinst Chino

1 A U S. warship intlr-rded into China's territorial .*.aters aggression and war. The wanton aggressive activities I .1 r in the at'ea east of the estuary of the Minkiang by U.S. imperialism constitute a grave threat to China's i River, Fukien Province, on April 5. A spokesman of security and to peace in Asia and the whole world. the Chinese Foreign Ministry has been authorized to issue the 400th serious warning against the barbarous Sworn Enemy of the Chinese People crimes of agglession committed by U.S. imperialism. Intrusions into Chinese territorial waters and air U.S. imperialism has frequently staged flagrant space by U.S. warships and mili.tary aircraft have be- military provocations against China during the past come more frequent, extensive and serious with each seven years and more, since the first serious warning passing year. U.S. imperialism has sent a total of l2B was issued by the Chinese Government in September warships to intrude into China's territorial waters on 1958 against intrusions into China,s temitorial waters 160 occasions during the past 21 months since the and air space by U.S. warships and military aircraft. spokesman of the Chinese Foreign Ministry was au- These are undeniable evidence of the crimes committed thorized to issue the 300th serious warning on June by U.S. imperialism while persisting in its policies of 29, t964, when a U.S. submarine intruded into China's

8 Peki,ng Retsieta, No. 15 territorial waters in the area south of Pinghai, Kwang- the Kungkuan airport and other military bases on tung Province. The month of the greatest number of Taiwan and expanded its 13th Task Air Force-on intrusions saw 32 intrusions into China's territorial Taiwan into the 327t1-r Air Division. It has sent large u'aters by 21 U.S. warships. During the same period, numbers of air crews and aircraft to Taiwan. the U.S. has sent 82 military aircraft to intrude into China's territorial air spaee on 81 occasions. In April U.S. brasshats and top political figures have gone to Taiwan J.965 alone, 21 U.S. military aircraft intruded on 23 one after the other to ptot rvith the Chiang occasions. In the past year and more, the number of Kai-shek clique and instigate it to try a "come-back intrusions by U.S. warships was almost three times attack on the mainland" and "open up a second front." They that in the period between May 4, 1962, when China include U.S. Vjce-President Humphrey; Wheeler, Chairman issued its 201st serious warning, and June 29, 1964, of Joint Chlefs of Staff ; Sharp, Con-rmander- in-Chief u,rhen the 300th serious g'arning was issued. of the U.S. forces in the Pacifrc; Harry Felt, the former Commander-in-Chief; and Lodge, U.S. U.S. military aircraft have even flagrantly intruded "Ambassador" to Saigon. Wheeler held talks with deep into the air space over Sheyang, Yencheng and Chiang Kai-shek and chieftains of the Chiang troops Jukao in Kiangsu Province and Hokow in Yunnan on the situation of the U.S. aggressive war in Vietnam Province. U.S. unmanned high-altitude reconnaissance and on the question of enhancing "co-operation" be- military ailcraft have on many occasions intruded to tu,een U.S. imperialism and the Chiang clique. Harry carry out reconnaissance and provocative activities over Felt clamoured in Taipei that the United States was the air space of central-south and souths,est China. rvilling to run the risk of rvar rvith China in order to U.S. fighter planes rvhich intruded into the air space push ahead s-ith its policy of expanding its aggression over Aihsien Countl' and other areas on Hainan Island in Southeast Asia. attacked Chinese aircraft that had been alerted and were in the air. In the past year and more. U.S. espionage or- ganizations have directed armed U.S.-Chiang Kai-shek U.S. warships and aircraft recklessly shelled, special agents to carry out harassment and sabotage on pursued strafed and Chinese fishing boats and merchant many occasions in China's soul,heast coastal areas. vessels at sea on many occasions, seriously endanger'- 'ing the lives of the Chinese personnel on them and These facts manifest that the aggressive and bel- causing serious loss of property. licose nature of U.S. imperialism nerrer changes. The facts show clearly that U.S. imperialism is the sworn enemy of the Chinese people. It constantly car- For the Complete Buriol of U.S. lmperiolism ries out war threats against China. Persisting in hostility to China. U.S. imperialism r,vill come to no good end. U.S. Strotegic Scheme in Asio During the 1'ear and more since the issuance of U.S. imperialism has carried out these activities of the 3001h serious s-arning by the Chinese Government aggression against the background of its having shifted against U.S. militar-]- pro\-ocations, the Chinese People's the focus of its counter-revolutionar5' global strateg]' Liberation Arm5, has shot dorvn trvo intruding U.S. from Europe to Asia. Its purpose is to set itseif against fightel planes and captured a U.S. pilot alive. The the Chinese people to the verSr end and prepare to P.L.A. has brought down nine U.S. pilotless high- launch aggressive \,r,,ar on an even larger scale in Asia. altitude military reconnaissance planes, and five U.S.- Kai-shek In February of last year, U.S. Defence Secretary made U-2 and RF-101 planes of the Chiang gang. U.S.-made warships McNamara brazenly cried that China was now the chief The P.L.A. has sunk three Kai-shek damaged two others. adversary of the United States. While sending con- of the Chiang clique and siderable reinforcements to enlarge the aggressive \ rar During this period, armymen and civilians in the coastal groups U.S.-Chiang in Vietnam during the past year, the U.S. agglessors areas wiped out many of armed have been stepping up their military deployment around agents 1ock, stock, and barrel. I China. These are but a small lesson given by the Chinese It is reported that U.S. imperialism is buiiding the people to the U.S. aggressors and their iackeys. Debts largest naval and air base in Asia at Cam Ranh Bay must be repaid. Should U.S. imperialism dare to con- in south Vietnam. This is to be linked up with the U.S. tinue its aggressive activities, it will certainly receive bases in Thailand and Laos to form a system of military even more severe punishment. I spearheaded against China. bases The Chinese people are in a state of prepared-

I At the same time, U.S. imperialism is intensify- ness at all times against any surprise attack U.S. im- ing its activities to turn China's Taiwan Province into perialism might launch. The Chinese people are deter- a base for expanding its war of aggression in Asia. mined, together with the people of the whole world, I It coiluded with the Chiang Kai-shek clique and signed to make their due contributions to the complete burial a so-called "agreement" on the status of the U.S. ag- of the chief criminal of war, U.S. imperialism, in the t gressive forces in Taiwan. U.S. imperialism has enlarged just war against U.S. imperiaiist aggression. I i i April 8, 1966 lndonesion Rightists Out to Undermine Sino-lndonesion Relstiores

T\RSPITE the Chinese Government's efforts to safe- fringed on diplomatic prerogatives and grossly tranrpled l-, guard the friendship betvreen the Chinese and In- on all norms o{ international law. ionesian peoples, the Indonesian Right-wing reactionarry The Chinese Embassy demanded that the In- iorcres have committed a new series of anti-China clonesian Government make a public apology for this outrages. incident, immediately drive out the hooligans occLlpy- ing the embassy villa, severely punish tire culprits and Outroges Agoinst Overseos Chinese Schools their instigators. compensate for all losses sustained at On March 12, thousands of hooligans organized by the villa. take ef fective measures to safeguard the the Indonesian Right-v,-ing reactionary forces attacked, security of Chinese diplomatic missions and their wrecked and illegally occupied 13 overseas Chinese personnel, and guarantee that no similar incidents schoois in Bandung. Sirnilar attacks on overseas occur in the future. Chinese schools took place in Bogor, Krawang, Tjimahi, Garut, Tjiandjur, Purwakarta, Sukabumi and Tasik- Hsinhuo Bronch Forced to Leore malaja, districts or cities in West Java, from March 14 The corespondents and staff members o{ the to 19. Djakaria branch of Hsinhua Ner,r,s Agency, which had On March 18 three overseas Chinese schools in been "temporarily closed down" by the Indonesian Gov- Djakarta were attacked by hundreds of hooligans ernment nrithout any justification (see Peking Rez,ieu, carrying sticks, iron clubs, and chains and daggers. No. 14), temporarily withdrew from the Indonesian The same day, in Makasar, there were onslaughts by capital on April 1. hundreds of thugs against seven overseas Chinese Before leaving Djakarta, the Hsinhua branch ad- schools. dressed a farewell letter to Indonesian readers of the In a note to the Indonesian Foreign Ministry on Djakarta edition of the Hsinhua Neu;s Release. The March 27 the Chinese Embassy in Indonesia lodged a letter said that, in recent years, the Hsinhua News strong protest with the Indonesian Government against Agency had done its best to serve the Indonesian these anti-Chinese incidents and pointed out that they people's struggle for the recovely of West Irian, their represented a new step by the Indonesian Right-wing confrontation of "IlIalaysia" and the holding of the reactionary forces against China and Chinese nationals First Games of the Nerv Emergi;rg Forces. It had and were premeditated actions aimed at openly under- broadcast to the whoie world news about the Indonesian mining relati.ons between the two countries. It de- people's stn:ggle against imperialism and colonialism manded that the Indonesian Government immediately and, through the Hsinhua News Release, had acquainted adopt effective measures to stop the outrages against the Indonesian people with the achievements of the overseas Chinese schools, bring the cuiprits and those Chinese people in construction, the progress of the behind them to justiee, compensate the schools for all anti-imperialist strurggle of the peopie of China and their losses and irnmediately return all the schools still the worid and their support for the Indonesian people. in the hands of the hooligans, or occupied by troops, The letter said that the Indonesian Governrnent's 'classes. so they could quickly resume flagrant closing down of the Hsinhua branch was a brutal sabotage of the friendly relaiions between the Embossy Villo lllegolly Occupied peoples of both countries, ran counter to the desires On March 19 several hundri:d hooligans organized of the Indonesian people and catered to the needs of by the Indonesian Right-wing reactionary forces forced imperialism, U.S. imperialism in particular. It stressed their way into the villa of the Chinese Embassy in that those who had expressed so-called wrath against Tjipajung, Bogor. Ransacking the roorns and destroy- the Hsinhua branch were only a handftil of lndonesian ing and looting, the hooligans asserted that "the em- Right-wing reactionaries and certainly not the broad bassy villa is occupied" and "taken over." On the door masses of the Indonesian people. of the building they painted the words: "Belonging to Refuting the Indonesian Foreign Ministry's allega- the Indonesian Republic." Up to March 26 there were tion of "interference in internal affairs," it pointed out still more than 20 hooligans remaining in the viila. that the existence of the Indonesian Right-wing In its note to the Indonesian Foreign Ministry on forces was an objective fact, recailing that Pres- Mareh 28, the Chinese Ernbassy in Indonesia strongly ident Sukarno himself had said that certain groups protested against this outrage and pointed out that the intend to lead the Indonesian revolution to the Bight. incident was an extremely grave one. The Indonesian Since this was said by Indonesians and others all over Right-wing reaetionary forces had deliberately in- the world, why should Hsinhua be charged with "in-

10 Peking Reoieu, No. 15 l"rr"r"n"" in internal affairs,, when it reported the of the Consulate and its care-takers and guarantee that facts? no such incidents recur. The letter concluded: "We firmly believe that the : - Hootigonism in Lompung cnd DjombJ great friendship between the two peoples a friendship The Chinese long tested in the struggle against imperialism- and Embassy in Inclonesia in a note to the Indonesian Foreign colonialism will last through the ages. . . In the Ministry on April 2 protested - strongly against raiding, wrecking years to come we will continue to render our sen,ice the and looting of in support of the Indonesian people's revolutionary overseas Chinese schools, organizations, shops and. homes struggle against imperialism and colonialism. We wish in Lampung and Djambi on March 21 by hooligans the Indonesian people one victory after another in their organized by the Indonesian Right-wing reac- revolutionary struggle." tionary forces. More than a thousand hooiigans from Telukbetung Attock on Consulote in Medon and Tandjung Karang in Lampung Province, after attending a "mass rally in support of the handing over On l\{arch 29 more than thousand hooiigans a of power to Lieutenant-General Suharto by Plesident organized lry the Indonesian Right-'*,ing reactionary Sukarno," had in separate gl-oups wrecked and looted forces again atiacked the Chinese Consulate in Medan. organizations, schools, shops and homes of Chinese The Indonesian troops and police guarding the nationals. Armed with knives and iron bars they Consulate did not take any action to stop the attack. injured many Chinese, some of them seriously. They Tne loeal authorities also took no action despite many also carried off the Chinese national flag and tore up phone calls by the care-takers of the Consulate. a portrait of Chairrnan Liu Shao-chi at the office of The Chinese Embasslz in Indonesia, in its note to the Lampung Overseas Chinese General Association- the Indonesian Foreign Ministry on April 2, protested At the same time similar racist attacks against Chi- i:rost strongly against this third attack on the Consulate. nese nationals took place in the Djambi area. It pointed out that the incident took place after the The Chinese Embassy's note drew attention to the staff members of the Consulate had just been evacuated fact.that, prior to the "demonstration," the hooligans to Djakarta and after the -Embassy had sent a special had the signed authorization of the military authorities note to the Indonesian Government asking it to notify in Lampung, and that the local authorities had done nothing prevent the local authorities concerned to protect the Consulate to the attacks nor to stop them. and its care-takers. It demanded that the Indonesian Government make a pubiic apology for the insult to the Chinese natlonal The note said t.hat the Indonesian Government flag and state leader: severely punish the culp::its and must bear responsibility full for all the serious con- instigators of these attacks; take effective measures to sequences from repeated arising the occurrence of such prevent the infringement on the legitimate rights of incidents of provocation. It demanded that the In- overseas Chinese organizations, schools and individuais; donesian Government make a public apology, irn- compensate for the loss of property of the Chinese mediately return the Chinese national emblem and the nationals; help the Chinese shops r,vhich were wrecked Consulate's brass plate that had been carried away by to resume business; give relief to ar-rd make arrange- the hooligans, severely punish tfre culprits and their ments for those Chinese nationals who have lost their instigators, compensate the Chinese Consulate for all means of Iivelihood as a result of the raid-s, and losses, take effective measures to ensure the security guarantee that similar incidents do not happen again. How the Indonesicn Right-\ffing Generols Seized Stote Power

By armed force Suhorto hos coerced Sukorno into on March 2?. This follorn'ed the arrest of 15 members hcnding oyer stste power. He hqs olso oppointed o of the Indonesian cabinet under Army Commander new onti-comrnunist cobinet, onnounced the "dis- Suharto's order of March 18 and his announcement of solution" of the lndonesian Communist Porty ond a reshuffle of the cabinet on the same date. corried out furtherpurges in goyernment orgonizations. According to Antara News Agency and Radio Djakarta reports, assuming the name of President Su- rFHE Indonesian Right-wing generals' clique has, in karno, Indonesian Army Commander Suharto ordered I a series of actions, accomplished its plan to seize on tlre morning of March 18 that First Deputy Prime state power by coup d'etat. It coerced President Su. Minister and Foreign Minisier Subai-rdrio, Thii:d Dep- karno into appointing a new anti-cqmrnunist cabinet uty Prime. Minister Chairul Saleh and.13 other rnin-

Apri.l 8, 1966 11 '...... E*,*"

isters including the Ministers of Internal Af iairs, police paratroop battalion commanded by Lieutenant- Justice and Information, be placed under "protective Colonel Norman Sasono to act as guards for the custody." UPI reported that, in making the arrest, President. UPI reported on March 19 that "the palace Suharto "sent paratroopers and tanks rumbling up to guard was disarmed Friday fMarch 18] afternoon." President Sukarno's Merdeka Palace. The tanks' T'he. generals' began guns lr/ere trained on the palace." On the aftcrnoon of Indonesian Right-i,ving clique its seizure of porver on iVlarch 11 rvhen Suharto ordelecl the same day, Suharto announced the folmation of a army and paratroop units surround the Presidential S-member presidium of the cabinet consisting of Sultan to Palace President Hamengku Bul,vono, Adam Malik, Roeslan Abdulgani, and used force of arms to compel Sukarno to surrender state power. After President Su- Idham Chalid and Johannes Leimena, to replace the karno announced the cabinet reshuffle on February 21, cabinet presidium formed after President Sukarno's Right-rving by the cabinet reshuffle on February 21, which consisted of students and hooligans, backed up Right-r,ving generals'. Djakarta Subandrio and three other Deputy Prime N,linisters. In clique, demonstrated in again and again, besieged the Presidential Palace, addition, Suharto designated 14 ministers to take chalge rvrecked certain government offices and stirred up an oi the duties performed by those arrested or dismissed atmosphere chaos 10, the by him. of and terror. On March Right-rving generals' clique calied in the elite troops On March 27, the Right-rn,ing generals' clique of the airbolne commandos and the Siliu'angi Divi- coerced President Sukarno into annor-rncirlg the name sion, rvho took up positions in Djakarta under cover of list for a new cabinet. According to Radio Djakarta, a curf elv. \Vhen President Sr-rkarno called a cabinet the cabinet has a presidium consisting of six Deputy nreeting the next da.'*. he found the Presidential Pplace Prime Ministers, who take charge of a total of 24 min- besieged and thereupon flelv to Bogor by helicopter. istries. The six inciude the five Deputy Prime Ministers The Right-n,ing generals' clique promptly sent three appointed by Suharto on March 18 and Suharto him- generals to the Bogor Palace on the afternoon of the self. Of the 24 ministries, 14 are headed by the mili- same day and delivered an ultimatum to President tary. Meanlvhile, Abdul Haris Nasution, tvho had been Sukarno demanding his surrender of powers. dismissed by Sukamo during the cabinet reshuffle on According February 21, u,as named deputy commander of min- to Radio Djakarta and Antara, Suharto began issuing orders name of President Sukarno isterial rank of the "Crush Malaysia Command." An in the the same evening. his order, declared that AFP report said on March 27 thaL "the new cabinet In first he he had announced in Djakarta by President Sukarno tonight been ernpowered to "adopt all measures con- sidered indicates that the army is still on top. The pre- necessary to ensure lalv and order and a calm situation" and "ensure personal sidium . . is clearly dominated by anti-communist the President's salet;r." shorn'ed elements." The Associated Press said that "Nasution Reuter said that the announcement could wield considerable authority in the government "Suharto had taken over absolute state porver from President Sukalno." as deputy commander of KOGAM flthe 'Crush Malay- sia Command']." On March 12, Suharto issued an order "dissolving" the Indonesian Communist According Radio Reporting Strharto's order to arrest the cabinet Party. to Djakarta, Sul-rarto ministet's and his reorganiza-ticn of the cabinet, the announced in this order that "the Indonesian Communist Party, including depart- same news agency said on March 20: "Sukarno \\,as all its ments forced to hand over all potiticai and miiital')' po\yers and organizations from the central to the various locai leveis organizations espousing same in the country to Suharto" and Sukarno is being kept and all the as the head of state only because "the armed forces cause and affiliated to it or under its protection, is dis- want to use him as a figurehead." solved; the Indonesian Communist Party is declared a banned organization throurghout the territory of the Radio Djakarta announced on March 27 Suharto's Repurblic of h-rdonesia; this decision will take effect "explanations concerning the composition of the new immedialely.'' cabinet" in which he said that the formation o.f the new cabinet represented "a phase in the victorious According to Radio Djakarta, Suharto on March 14 issued another order members, stage of a series of struggies." He added: "Our strug:. for "a11 leading cadres gle will yet last a long time. Nevertheless, the hope oI and activists" of the Indonesian Communist Party and victory has begun to materialize." ail mass organizations concerned to "surrender" before the end ol March. Suharto declared: "If anybody fails On March 28, according to Radio Djakarta, a bat- to surrender before the fixed date, the authorities con- talion of military police replaced the Tjakrabirawa cerned will take resolnte action." At the same time, he Guards Regiment - President Sukarno's Guards. also demanded that "a11 leaders of political parties and On March 28, Brigadier-General Mohammad Sabur, mass organizations, pending furrther decisions of the commander of the reg.iment, turned over his command government, should refraln from receiving and giving to Sudirgo, commander oi the Military Police Corps. shelter to members of the Indonesian Communist Party The Military Police Command assigned the military and those mess organizations affiliated to it or under

12, Peking Reuiew, No. 15 its protection and espousing the same cause. Resolute ment departments and units', to .,purge themselves of aetion will be taken against those organizations which members of the former Indonesian Communist party violate this order." and of mass organizations affiliated to it or under its protection." On March 31, Suharto issued another order ,,in- structing the central and loca1 state organs, govern- -Hsinhua Neuts Agency, Apri.l 4.

Applouse From U.S., Britoin ond "Mqloys to"

THE military coup d'etat staged by the clique of AP reported from Singapore on March 13 that r Indonesian Right-wing generals has been cheered "Indonesia's new military regime has announced that and supported by the United States, Britain and ',Ma- its foreign policy wilt be 'anti-capitalist, anti-imperialist' laysia." and generally anti-West." "statements by new military On March 12, the day after Indonesian Army Com- strongman General Suharto," it continued, ". . . have mander Suharto took over government power, U.S. also declared that President Sukarno's 'crush Malaysia' Ambassador to Djakarta Marshall Green totd the Amer- campaign will be continued. But Western diplomatic ican Broadcasting Company, by telephone, that Indo- experts here are not unduly worried by this talk. They nesia's political troubles were being handled in a ,,peace- believe it is mainly for home consumption." "They just ful and favourabie manner." He added that he expected can't make an abrupt about-face. These people move the new military authorities to move against the Left- subtly and cautiously," it noted. ists. A UPI report from Washington on March 12 said Former U.S. Ambassador to Djakarta Howard Jones that Indonesian military chiefs have declared a ban on on March 13 described Suharto's taking over power as the Communist Party of Indonesia. The report stated, "a logical move in maintenance of law and order." IIe "If this removes it a step further from influencing na- was par-ticularly satisfied s'ith Suharto's being "a strong tional polieies, it would be a plus for U.S. interests." anti-communist." In its March 13 editorial, the Neu.r York Times Asked by neu,smen n-hether "economic assistance" repeatedly praised Suharto's over power. would be granted to Indonesia. U-S. State Department taking "One particularly encouraging spokesman McCloskey said on March 14 that the development in conne ction rvith the new regime is the probability that a major share United States "never ruled out the resumption of aid of responsibility will rest with Gen. Abdul Haris Nasu- for now or for ever to Indonesia." USIS reported on tion, the Defence Minister President Sukarno deposed," the same day, "Concerning aid to Indonesia, other U.S. officials pointed out tlrat at no time has the United it said. "This country [Indonesia], with its vast unde- veloped the richest, most populous States ruled out the possibility that it wouid resume its resources, is by far said assistance at some future date." and most strategically Iocated in Southeast Asia," the editorial The United States hoped that Indonesia In a dispatch datelined Washington, March 13, Neu rvould resolve its "dispute with Malaysia" thtough "ne- York Times correspondent Max Frankel wrote, "The gotiation," and that "out of such a settlement could Johnson Administration found it difficult yesterday to eventually come the long-projected Maphilindo confed- hide its delight with the news from Indonesia pointing eration with the PhiUppines and a new alliance for to the political demise of President Sukarno." Entitled peaoe in one of the world's most troubled areas." "lndonesian take-over is welcomed by U.S.," the dis- patch went on: "After a long period of patient di- Tbe Washtngton Eoening Star also expressed its pl,omacy designed to help the army triumph over the joy in an article on Mareh 13, which sald that Suharto Cornmunists, and months of prudent silenee while Mr. "has assumed control of the country" and that "it is a Sukarno appeared to be slipping, officials were elated to development which can only be welcomed from the find their expectations being realized." It continued that West's point of vielv." U.S. officials now "still refused to make public com- British authorities and papers also expressed the ments that might embarrass the emerging army leader- same sentiment and pinned hopes on Suharto's take- ship. Their thoughts were already turning towards ef- over. British Prime Minister Harold Wilson, on learning forts to rescue Indonesia with economic assistance." the nervs during an electioneering tour in Scotland on The U.S. paper Chnstian Science Monitor in an March 12, immediately teiephoned Foreign Secretary article on March 16 said, "Official reaction here [Wash- Michael Stewart with whom he had a 10-minute con- ington] to the Indonesian upheaval is cautiously opti- versation on this topic. Stewart made a statement on mlstie. A resumption of American aid at some point in March 14 saying that if any Indonesian Government the future is not excluded." "Try as they might, officials sought "to live on good terms" with "Malaysia" and cannot restrain a certain optimism," ttre article added. rvith other neighbours, it could obtain this with the

Ayril 8, 1966 I3 "goodwill" of its neighbours and of Britain. He added In another editorial in March 22, tt,e Dailg TeLe- that Britain was prepared to see Indonesia playing in graph expressed its liking for Suharto. "In the 11 days Southeast Asia a "leading part" commensurate with her since he took over power in Indonesia, General Suharto great population and her resources. has increasingly shown himself deserving of confidence," it said. British High Commissioner to "Malaysia" MichaeL Walker said in Kuala Lumpur on March 14 that it was The Abdul Rahman group of "Malaysia" has also highly significant that the Indonesian army had taken expressed its pleasure at Suharto's coup. According to over power in a "very satisfactory" and "peaceful" press reports from Singapore on March 13, "Malaysian" manner. He said that the firm anti-communist policy' Prime Minister Abdul Rahman said on March 12 that adopted by General Suharto was a very healthy sign that the Indonesian situation "appears €neouraging in that might mean the beginning of improvement of the polit- the genuine nationalists have taken over power from ical situation in this region. Walker added that both the pro-communist group." the British and "Malaysian" Governments would be According to a UPI report from Kuala Lumpur, interested if Indonesia intended to hold talks on con- Abdul Razak, Deputy Prime Minister of "Malaysia," in frontation. his speech on March 13 at an annual'general meeting The influential London Times published an editorial of the United I\{alay National Organization, described on March 14 applauding Suharto's take-over. Indonesia, Suharto's assumption of porver in Indonesia as "a big it said, "may now be expected to swing" away from victory for anti-communist forces." He said: "Malaysia anti-imperialism. warmly welcornes the emergence of an anti-communist administration in Djakarta and the ban on the InCo- Another British paper, tlne DaiLE Telegraph, declared nesian Communist Party." He expressed the hope that editorially on the same day that "the new regime is confrontation would out" and the ties between likely to be fully occupied in crushing Indonesian com- "peter "Malaysia" and Indonesia would be re-established. munism, and in doing so will eliminate the most dan- gerous element in the confrontation policy." Neras Agency, April 4. -Hsinkua

Plot to Creote "Two Chinas" ,NDIA'S PROYOCAI'ON rflHE Indian Government recently has become quite attended a banquet given by the All-India Agents' I unscrupulous in following Washington's policy of Association on March 29, and hel.d "talks" with lndian hostility to China and its plot to create "two Chinas." business and financial leaders. The Indian press and It has gone so far as to wink at and support the Chiang news agencies lavishly praised these Chiang Kai-shek Kai-shek elements' anti-Chinese activities in India. elements, published their statements against their motherland, and openly called C. Shen "Vice- March 18, a so-called delegation headed by the On Minister of Foreign Affairs of the Republic of China." bogus Minister of Economic Afiairs K.T. Li and the bogus Vice-Minister of Foreign Affairs C. Shen of the This was not the first time that the Indian Gov- Chiang Kai-shek clique amived in New Delhi from ernment has vigorously followed the U.S. imperialist Taipei. They came to attend the U.N. Economic Com- "two Chinas" scheme and colluded with the Chiang mission for Asia and the Ear East Conference, which Kai-shek clique in Taiwan. Recently, it has become the Soviet lfnion, "Malaysia," the south Vietnamese even more truculent in doing so. Late in January this and south Korean puppet cliques, the United States year, Mr. R. Velayudhan, former Indian M.P., went and Britain also attended. to Taiwan for "talks" with chieftains of the Chiang clique and advocated "normalization of diplomatic The Chiang clique "delegation" was warmly relations" between India and the Chiang clique. He received the Indian authorities, who took op- by this publicly admitted that his "visit" had the support of portunity carry rabid anti-Chinese activities. to out the Indian Prime Minister. In the meantime, the In- India's political, business and financial bigwigs were dian Government allowed a Chiang clique "delegation" busy contacting the Chiang Kai-shek elemenLs. Both headed by the so-called government representative sides advocated increased "understanding" and "co- Huang Chao-chin to raise a ballyhoo about the operation" in joint opposition to China. "recovery of the Chinese rnainland" while that "del- . Kamaraj, Chairman of the ruling Indian National egation" attended the Conference of the Pacific Area Congress, received bogus Vice-Foreign Minister C. Tourist Assosiation in New De1hi. The Indian Pres- Shen on March 24, and was "invited" by him to visit ident went so far as to ask the "delegation" to convey his Taiwan. K.T. Li and other Chiang Kai-shek element's "regards" to Chiang Kai-shek, the public enemy No. 1

14 Peking Reuieto, No. 15 , . .'.4'*

of tJ:e Chinese people. And now the Chi'ang clique's The note pointed out that the Indian Government "Minister of Economic Affairs" and "Vice-Minister of was persisting in its complicity with the Chiang Kai- Foreign Affairs" have been allowed to carry out vicious shek ciique while well aware that the latter was a anti-Chinese aetivities in India. poiitical corpse. Obviously the object was to further demonstrate to U.S. imperialism that India meant to The Chinese Foreign Ministry, in a note to the cling to its position of hostility to China so as to get Indian Embassy in China on April 2, strongly protested more handouts from the United States. The Indian the Indian Government's latest provocation against the Government was warned that its collusion with the Chinese people. The note described it as another grave Chiang Kai-shek clique in carrying out activities step taken by the Indian Government in vioiating the against the People's Republic of China rvould oniy principles guiding international relations, crudely in- worsen the already deteriorated relations between terfering in China's internal affairs and undermining China and India and that it must bear full responsibil- relations between the two countries. ity for this.

Note of Chinese Embossy in Accra

Protest Against Ghonoion Authorities' Slonders

No lies con discredit the Chinese Governmentts open ond oboye-boord stond, ond no one con intimidote it by thrects. The Ghonoiqn side will never succeed in its ottempt to evode its responsibility for undermining the relations between the two countries, whotever tricks it moy ploy.

Authorized by the Gotsernm.ent of the Peopile's Re- troops and police of their outrageous crime of illegally pr.r,blic af China, the Chinese Em.bassy in Accra sent beating up Chinese experts and Embassy personnel. a note to the Ghanaian Foreign Ministry dated March. Moreover, it threatened to "take whatever steps it 31 u:ith reference to the latter's March 24 note and [the Ghanaian side] thinks neoessary" about the rela- March 25 aid.e mem"oire. The content of the Chinese tions between the two countries. Embassg's note follows. Ed. - But it is well known that the Chinese military expeits left Ghana fully openly and legally, and their N its note and aide memoire, the Ghanaian Ministry f passports had. been examined by the Ghanaian authori- I of Foreign Affairs repeated its hackneyed tune and ties concerned. How can it be said that they left "under again viciously vilified and slandered China. The Chi- assumed has right nese Government cannot but feel most indignant at this names"? The Ghanaian side no and, while sternly rejecting the Ghanaian side's "vlgor- whatsoever to inquire into the destination of those ous protest" once again lodges the strongest protest Chinese Embassy personnel who were compelled to with it. leave Ghana and who, moreover, have all come back to China. As for the whereabouts of the Chinese In order to confuse the public and dodge its Charge d'Affaires a.i., since February 24, !988, he has responsibility for worsening the relations between the stayed in Accra and never "travelled extensively all two countries, in its note the Ghanaian side further over Ghana." It is most clear that the Ghanaian side's fabricated the story of Chinese military experts leaving repeated lying will only further show up its awkward Ghana "under assumed names." In delivering the note position of being devoid of reason or arguments. Its to Mr. Huang Shih-hsieh, Charge d'Affaires a.i. of the repeated threats against China will only further expose Chinese Embassy, Mr. Quao, Principal Secretary of the its deliberate and sinrster attempt to worsen the rela- Ghanaian Ministry of Foreign Affairs, asserted that 20 tions between the two countries. No lies can discredit staff members of the Chinese Embassy had gone to the Chinese Government's open and above-board stand, Conakry to help Nkrumah, and declared that he would and no one can intimidate it by threats. make public the so-called facts and photographs. The aide memoire alleged that the Charge d'Affaires a.i. The Chinese Embassy wishes to point out that the of the Chinese Embassy had "recently travelled exten- Ghanaian side wili never succeed in its attempt to sively all over Ghana without any molestation what- evade its responsibility for undermining the relations soever," attempting thereby to absolve the Ghanaian between the two countries, whatever tricks it may piay.

Ayril 8, 1966 15 i Where Are Kenyo's Authorities Toking Sino-Kenyon Relotions?

Echoing irnperialist slanders agai,nst China, some anti-colonialist national revolution. The awakened English language netDspapers and. high-ranking gots- African pmples rvant to demolish colonial rule and ernment officials in Kenga haue again anil again clear away all colonjal influence. They are dead set unscrupulously attacked Prerier Chou En-Lai's state- against imperialism and c.olonialism oid and new. They ment about the "ercellent reoolutionarg ntuation in s'ant to carry the national-democratic revolution to completion. Premier Afrtca," which he mnd.e during his 7964 Afrecan oisit Chou En-lai's appraisal completely tallies with the realities African situation. in reference to the surging anti,-i,mperiali.st and, anti.- of the However, some people in Kenya have deliberately dis- colonialist reoolutionarg struggles there, On March 7 torted this remark of Premier Chou En-lai's and of this gear, the Kengan Senate utent so far as to adopt arbitrarily linked it up with the military coups d'etat a tnotion whi,ch mnligned Premier Chou's retnark as in some African countries. "a destructiue statefiienf,' and uici.ously linked it toith However, is common knowledge the recent senes of reactionarg couyts d'etat, assassina- it that U.S.-led im- perialism is launching frantic against tions and other irnperialist-engineereil incidents in counter-attacks independent African states. Imperialism, Africo. colonialism and neo-colonialism have been responsible to a greater ln a note to the Kengan Gor:ernment on March or lesser extent for the recent reactionary military 77, the Chrnese Embassg in Nairobi protested against coups south of the Sahara. It is preposterous for the Kenyan the anti-Chhw mo*ion and pointed out that it could authorities to attempt to blame China for what the imperialists have done. onlg be regarded as a prefiLeditated schem.e to poison norntal relations betueen the tuo countries, U.S.-led imperialism and old and new colonialism look upon the ever-growing friendship between the The follotoing is an abridged translation of an Chinese and Kenyan and other African peoples as a article bg "Renm.i,n Ri,bao's" Comrnentator on March great obstacle to their colonialist policy. They try to 31. Ed. - stir up anti-China sentiments in the African countries and sow dissension to undermine the friendly relations (-1F 1ate, imperialism, colonialism and neo-colonialism Lretween the Chinese and African peoples. The impe- v are making frenzied counter-attacks against the rialists have been the first to attack Premier Chou En- African people and causing trouble everlnvhere in a lai's remark. Now the Kenyan Senate harps on the vain attempt to arest the progress of Africa. It is same old tune and formalJ.y passes a motion vilifying against this background that the Kenyan Senate adopted China on this score. What does this mean? Whose an anti-China motion. needs does the motion serve?

The Chinese Government always respects the sover- Profound friendship exists between the Chinese and eignty of the African states and has never interfered Kenyan peoples. The Chinese Government has worked in the internal affairs of other countries. It has always untiringly to promote the friendship and co-operation adhered to the five principles guiding China's relations between the two countries. But it depends upon the with African countries and resolutely supported the common efforts of both Governments to uphold and struggle of the African countries to combat imperialism develop such relations. The adoption of the anti-China and safeguard national independence. China's position motion by the Kenyan Senate cannot but be interpreted is open and above-board. However, to oppose China, as a grave and deliberate step to poison and sabotage some kind of an excuse has to be found. So, some the normaL relations between China and Kenya. W'e people in Kenya seized on a remark made by Premier hope that the Kenyan Government sets store by the friendship between the two countries and takes serious Chou En-lai during his African tour and kicked up a measures prevent lot of dust to level unjustifiable attacks against China. to the recurrence of similar incidents. Otherwise, as the Chinese note to Kenya has pointed As is well known, when Premier Chou En-lai spoke out, the Kenyan Government must bear full res- of "the excellent revolutionary situation in Afriea," he ponsibility for alL the consequences arising from the was re{erring to the African people's anti-imperialist motion.

16 Peking Retsiew, No. 15 I

The Greot Lessons of the Poris Commune - ln Commemoration of lts gsth Anniversary - by CHENG CHIH-SZU

This is the second instalment o! an article In their revolutionary practice the insurgents ol originally published in "Hongqi," No. 4, 1g66. The first the Paris Commune repudiated the erroneous views of instalm.ent aTrpeareil in our last issue.-Ed, Proudhonism and Blanquism on the question of the state. Instead of striving for a state of anarchy as THE formation of proletarian military organizations advocated by Proudhonism, they established" the state r by the proletariat of Paris to counter the bourgeois organs of the proletariat. Instead of building up a state machine was an important preliminary measure dictatorship of a few revolutionaries as advocated by for smashing the bourgeois state machine. When Thiers Blanquism, they took the first steps in exercising the provoked the civil war on March 18, I.B?1, the pro- dictatorship of the proletariat by relying on the revolu- letariat relied on its ovrn anned forces to defeat his tionary enthusiasm and initiative of the proletariat. counter-revolutionary attack and smash the bourgeois Why do we say that the Paris Commune was a state machine. dictatorship of the proletariat? Based on their class instinct and poiitical experi- First, the Commune was a revolurtionary regime of ence, the insurgents of the Paris Commune realized the prol,etariat in opposition to the bourgeoisie. It was that the standing army and officials lyere the trvo im- born in the armed uprising of the proletariat against portant agencies of the bourgeois state machine, and so the bourgeoisie and founded on the basis of the destruc- in the wake of their victory the5'immediately disbanded tion of the bourg,eois state m.achine. Within the short them. The first decree of the Commune u'as the Decree ?2 da;'s of its existence, it waged a valia:it struggle Abolishing the Standing Army and Replacing It s:th against the forces of capitalism both dome-"iic and the National Guard. The decree stipulated that "no international. The proclamation of the Central Com- armed force, with the exception of the National Guard, mittee of the National Guard e:

Ayri.l 8, 1966 17 Commune fought, not for some local or narrow national Proudhonism and Blanquism and blazed a trail in the aim, but for the emancipation of all toiling humanity, course of the struggle. Engels said: "The Commune was of ali the downtrodden and oppressed."16 The Commune the grave of the oZd, specifically French socialism, but at declared: "The flag of the Commune is that of the the same time it was the cradle of the international Universal Republis."u communism that was new to France."z "Although the Fifthly, the Commune was a revolutionary regime Proudhonists were strongly represented in the Com- rvhich had as its aim the liquidation of exploitation. mune, not the slightest attempt was made to liquidate the "The Commune intended to abolish that class*prop,erty oid society or to organize the economic forces ac- eording vuhich makes the labour of the many the weatth of the to Proudhon's proposals. On the contrary, it few. It aimed at the expropriation of the expro- does the Commune the greatest honour that in ali its priators," and it wanted to transform "the means of economic measures the'driving spirit'was not any set of 'principles,' production, land and capital, now chiefly the means of but simple, practical needs. And therefore these enslaving and exploiting labour, into mere instruments measures abolition of night work in the bak- er-ies. prohibition- of free and associated 1abour."18 of monetary fines in the factories, confiscation of shut-down faetories and workshops and These characteristics of the Paris Commune shorv handing them over to workers' associations-wsrs nsf, that it was the antithesis of all forms of state power at all in accordance rrith the spirit of Proudhonism, but j.nstrument of the expioiting classes, that it was not an certainly in acrordance rvith the spirit of German scien- through which the exploiting minority ruled over the tific socialism."B Lenin said: ". . . the masses, who masses broad of working people but an instrument were raising the uhole movement to a higher Leoel in through which the exploited took their destinies into spite of the faise theories and mistakes of Blanqui and their own hands to win their own emancipation. There- Proudhon."H fore the reactionaries hated it like the plague. The Smash the military-bureaucratic machine the pseudo-socialist Louis Blanc also attacked the Commune of bourgeoisie and establish the dictatorship prole- as "an issue of an election in which a small number of of the tariat to replace the Cictatorship bourgeoisie electors took part, made up of men for the most part of the this is the quintessence of Marxist-Leninist theory on- unknown, and whose ability and honour is open to the state and the most important experience of the Paris doub't, in some cases possibly, and at least in a few Commune. It is precisely on this fundamental question cases, certainly."lo He whitewashed the Versailles Na- that a line of demarcation has tional Assembiy and attacked the Commune emerged bet1veen Marx- as being ist-Leninists on responsible for starting the civil war. He said: ,'O the one hand and opportunists and revisionists on the Marx and Engels sharply civil war! Dreaded struggle! The cannon roars! People other. repudiated the Right op,portunists' eret- are killed and done to death and those in the National "parliamentary inism" and their "phobia against the proletarian dicta- Assembly who would willingly give their lives to see torship." Lenin and Stalin, too, sharply repudiated the this bloody problem settled in a peaceful manner are fallacy spread by the revisionists of the Seeond In- eondemned to the rack of not being allorved to do any- ternational about "peaceful growth into socialism." thing, utter a cry or say a word!"a This renegade's shameful lies vividly reveal the ugly features of one At the present time the Marxist-Leninists of the opposed to proletarian revolution and the dictatorship world are waging an uncompromising struggle against of the proletariat. the Khrushchov revisionists' reactionary theory and praetice concerning "peaeful transition," "the state of The writers of the classic Marxist works have firmly the *,hole people," and so on and so forth. The Khrush- refuted the reaetionaries' slanders against the Paris chov revisionists, under the pretext that times have Commune. They pointed out that because the Com- changed, publicize the deceitful myth that the prole- mune did not have the leadership of a Marxist political tariat can seize state power without smashing the state party and the guidance of Marxist theory, it was there- machine of the bourgeoisie and that socialism can be fore not a complete or mature proletarian dictatorship. built without the dictatorship of the proletariat. However, in the matter of realizing proletarian rule, it made an attempt that was of world significance. Marx More than 90 years have elapsed since the uprising said: "Its true secret was this. It was essentially a of the Paris Commune, and it is true that the world working-elass government, the produce of the struggle has witnessed great changes during this period. tsut of the producing against the appropriating class, the po- no matter where changes occur, they cannot possibly litical form at last discovered under rvhich to work alter the anti-socialist nature of the bourgeoisie. The out the economic emancipation of labour.,'a The writ- closer the capitalist system gets to its doom, the more ers of the classic Marxist works have also pointed out desperately the bourgeoisie strengthens, in a thousand that the Commune-type of state power and some of and one ways, its state machine for a deathbed strug- the Commune's correct acts were products of the prac- gle. Take the United States for example. Its armed tice of proletarian revolution and crystallizations of forces comprised only 42,000-odd men in 1871, but the number the creativity of the masses. In taking up arrns to rvjn has now risen to more than 2.6 million. In their right to liberation, and in trying to take their comparison with those of Bismarck, Napoleon III and destinies into their own hands, the proletariat, relying Thiers, tJre armed forces of the United States are several on its own class instinct b,roke through the bonds of (Continued on p. 25.) t8 Peking Reuieut, No. 15 Albonion Porty of Lobour Refuses to Accept C. P.S. U. Letter of lnvitotion to 23rd Cong ress

("Zeri i Popullit" Article, March ZZ)

o C.P.S.U. leoders ore sinking ever deeper in the mire of betroying Morxism. Leninism. . Whotever conspirotoriol octivities the C.P.S.U. leoders moy resort to ot the 23rd Congress, they will neyer ottoin their objective.

Follotaing is a summarg of an atticle by the Edi- The present Soviet leadership was obliged to torial Deynrtment of "Zeri, i Popu,llit" entitled "The manoeuvre in the matter of Stalin by spreading Khrttsli,chou Reuisiottist Remegades Go to Attend Their rumours abou', an "objective" examination of his role. Congress With a Balance-Sheet of Big Failures." - Ed. But is it possible to correct the position towards J.V. Stalin and rehabilitate J.V. Stalin from the revi- rnHE Central Committee of the Albanian Party of sionist position? That can never be done. If they did I Labour has rightly refused to accept the letter in- so, they would liquidate the entire base of their citadel viting it to send a delegation to the 23rd Congress of and blow up the entire line of the 20th and 22nd Con- the Communist Party of -the Soviet Union. The Alba- gresses which is built upon anti-Stalinism. nian Party of Labour did not and does not want to One of the thorny problems which embarrasses the establish any relations with the renegades from com- Soviet leaders greatly is the question of Khrushchov, munism and Marxism-Leninism. But the Albanian that is, the question of justification for the coup people and Party of Labour will always remain the d'etat which his former disciples and his closest collab- faithful friends of the Soviet people and revolution- orators launched against him. aries and will always stand on their side. It is possible that at the Congress people would The Soviet revisionist leadership is giving the make remarks against Khrushchov. But nobody finishing touches to its massive preparations for stag- should expect them to go beyond the limits of general ing and pubticizing the 23rd Congress of the C.P.S'U. and insignificant reprimand. If they spoke the truth, The revisionist propaganda machine is endeavouring it would be necessary for them to expose the big con- to create among the people a false enthusiasm, a falla- spiracies they had hatched with Khrushchov against the cious atmosphere of expectation, of important decisions Soviet Party and people, it would be necessary for and radical "turns." But the great di.fficulties and them to expose the inside stories, intrigues and methods profound contradictions confronting ttre Soviet revision- of coup d'etat in the change of guardianship of the ist leadership cannot be easily hidden or camouflaged. Party and state leadershiP. The Khrushchov line, formulated and approved at The new economic reforms now introduced in the the 20th and 22nd Congresses and adopted and defend- Soviet Union are leading towards the establistrment of ed in its entirety by the new leaders of the C.P.S.U., has forms of capitalist relations of production. In adopt- fai-Ied on all fronts. The situation of the Soviet ing the experience of the Tito clique in the rnanage- working people has deteriorated, a pessimistic and de- ment and direction of the economy, the revisionist featist spirit can be observed in that country and the leaders have created all the premises and conditions international prestige and authority of the Soviet for the restoration of capitalisrn- Besides the destruc- Union have declined. tive consequences the reforms by the Khrushchovites ifru St ti., question remains for the Khrushchov are bringing to the Soviet economy, foreign capital has revisionists like a sharp bone stuck in the throat. They started to make inroads into the Soviet Union as it did have returned to the matter more than once because in Yugoslavia. Although the Soviet economy is the they have encountered ever more resolute disapproba- economy of a big country, it is falling step by step into tion and resistance from the Communists and the the ciutches of the monopoly capital of the United with Soviet people as well as from the working people and States, France, Britain, Japan, etc. In negotiating revolutionaries of other countries. By their own ex- Japanese imperialism and attracting it to the Siberian perience, people have seen that the line put forward market, the Khrushchovites are encouraging openly under the slogan of fighting against Stalin and "Stalin- the aggressive and expansionist intentions of Japanese ism" is an out-and-out anti-Marxist, revisionist and militarism against, in the first place, the People's Re- traitorous line, public of China and the Democratic People's Republic

19 April 8, 1966 of Korea. These intentions coincide entirely with the fatal errors of the past, have further deepened the split anti-Chinese designs of the present Soviet leaders. in the international communist movement and in the socialist camp. rFHE traitorous policy of the revisionist Khrush- The Soviet ]eaders must be censured for sitting I chovites conducive to the restoration of capitalism at the same table nrith such bankrupt reactionaries as in the Soviet Union also finds an expression in the the representatives of the Chiang Kai-shek gang to dis- emergence of certain deplorable phenomena in the cuss the establishment of a U.S. imperialist-controled rvay of life, culture and the national problem. An Asian b,ank; for closely colluding with U.S. imperial- atmosphere of liberalism and decadence prevails now ism to form a United Nations armed force; for being in the tife of literature and arts in the Soviet Union hostile to and vilifying the stand of the Indonesian as a result of the anti-socialist and anti-Marxist policy Commuuist Party and encouraging and supporting the pursued by the revisionist leadership in the cultural Indonesian Right-rning reactionary forces; for creating field. The "cultural exchange" u'ith the Western coun- splits and discord in the ranks of anti-imperialist tries has encouraged the imitation of the Amelican forces of Asia. Africa and Latin America in an attempt rvay of life, the degeneration of the youth and gros-th to make them abandon the struggle against imperialism of corruption. The Soviet journals are now mole and and coloniali-srn: and for stepping up subversion and more filled with sensational headlines about thefts, corruption in the revisionist leaders of Communlst and rapes, swindles, speculations, etc. Workers' Parties and launching a large-scale attack on the Marxist-Leninists. Brezhnev, Kosygin, Suslov, Mikoyan and their ilk are the makers of the big economic and political diffi- It is the present Soviet leaders who, together with culties that the Soviet people are suffering. They N. Khrushchov, organized the most monstrous calum- should be answerable for their treason before the nies against the Albanian Party of Labour at the 22nd Soviet Party and people. But nobody should expect Congress of the C.P.S.U., imposed an economie blockade that at the present Congress the Khrushchov revi- against, and even broke off diptomatic relations with sionist leaders will openly admit their responsibility. the Albanian People's Republic. The present Soviet leaders are resorting to a The new Soviet leaders have recently had the in- subtler demagogy to continue to push the traitorous solence to invite the Albanian Party of I-abour to send Khrushchov line. the sinister line of the 20th and 22nd a delegation to the 23rd Congress. But the Central Com- Congresses. This is evident not only internally but mittee of the Albanian Party of Labour rightly and also internationally. They are endeavouring to create contemptuously refused even to accept the letter of the impression that they have somehou, comected and invitation. for there exists ai present no links what- are corecting the foreign policy by putting fonvard soe\-er. either through the channel of Party or through such slogans as "anti-imperialism," "united action" the channel of state, betweon the Albanian Party of and "support for the struggles of the peoples." But all Labour and the traitorous Soviet revisionist leadership. these false slogans and all these deceitful tactics have For the Malxist-Leninists, it is clear that with the been exposed. passage of time, the Soviet leadership will sink ever It is precisely the present Soviet leaders lvho have deeper in betral-al and ln anti-Marxism. There is no deepened and developed still fu.rther the all-round doubt that at the 23rd Congress, they will try to Soviet-Amelican co-operation by betraying, in the preseut themselves as persons who seek to rectify the name of this co-operation, the vital interests of the Khrushchov line in certain respects, as persons who peoples. It is precisely they who are endeavouring by uphold unity and want to avoid going to the extremes. all possible means to bring the heroic Vietnamese peo- How-ever, it will be a new bluff, the same as their ap- ple into subjugation and save American imperialisrr peal for an end to the polemics. An anti-Chinese re- from its defeat in Vietnam by engaging in all sorts of port is being discussed these days within the C.P.S.U. dirty deals at the expense of the Vietnamese peopie. and it has even been sent to certain other revisior-rist It is they who are.linked through a "Holy Alliance'' Parties. This anti-Chinese report is reminiscent of with Japanese imperialism and the other reactionary that notorious secret report presented by Khrushchov forces to throw around People's China a "circle of fire" at tl-re 20th Congress against Stalin. and threaten the Democratic People's Republic of is clear that at the 23rd Congress, too, the Soviet Korea. It is they who are seeking by all possible rJT means to conclude a new agreement with the American leaders will conduct consp,iratorial activities. They polemics. imperialists on the so-called "non-proliferation of nu- fear light, they are scared of discussion and clear weapons" as a way of ensuring the Soviet-Ameri- ThereJore they will work furtively, behind the scenes. can monopoly to b,lackmail other countries. It is But rvhatever they may do, whatever tactics and they who in Europe have left imperiaiism in demagogy they may resort to. the perfidious Soviet peace by practising the poiiry of "reconcilia- leaders wifl never attain their objective. The Marxist- tion'2 and of the maintenance of status quo in that Leninists and revolutionaries of the whole world are region and giving imperia).ism a free hand in extend- strengthening their struggle against revisionist be- ing its aggression in the East. The new Soviet leaders, traval. We are certain that the Soviet people who have far from taking a singie posilive step to correct the glorious revolutionary traditions and who have been

20 Peking Reoiew, No. 15

I i L tempered in heavy storms, will not be duped by the g'ades to deceive and betray them for iong. The day demagogy oI the revisionist clique. They will under- will come when they will put an end to the domina- staad that the source of all evils, of the grave difficul- tion of the revisionist renegades and march forrvard, ties they face today, of the dangers dnd threats con- shouider to shoulder with the revolutionaries the rvorid flonting them, is revisionism, the line of the 20th and over, on the radiant path pointed out by -the socialist 22nd Congresses. They will not suffer a group of rene- revolution, Lenin and Stalin.

New Zeslond C.P. Turns Down C.P.S.U.'s lnvitotion

\/ /] WILCOX, General Seoetary of the Communist betlrreen our two Parties and betr,veen the ieadership Y .V. Party of New Zealancl, in a cabie to the Com- of the C.P.S.U. and a number of other fraternal Par- munist Party of the Soviet Union on behalf of the ties standing firm on the principles of Marxism-Lenin- C.P.N.Z.'s Political Committee, declined the C.p.S.U.,s ism and rejecting the insidious ideas of modern re- invitation to send a delegate to attend its 23rd Congress. visionism. purpose The cable reads as foilows: In view of this we consider no useful - rvould be served by our attendance. In fact, attendance Thank you your for invitation to send a fraternal would be embarrassing to us and possibly to you. delegate from the Communist Party of New Zealand May we extend greetings to the membership of to your 23rd Congress. the C.P.S.U. with the rvish that your proceeciings will After consideration we must regt'etfully decline in be based on those Marxist principles so brilliantly ex- vierv of the outstanding ideological differences not yet pounded in theory and conducted in practice by N1ar>rt dealt rvith in a Marxist-Leninist manner which exist Engels, Lenin and Stalin.

Joponese C.P. Ref uses to Send Delegstes To C.P.S.U. 23rd Congress

(March 25) rn HE Central Committee of the Japanese Communist and subversive activities. We criticized, in a concrete I Party sent a cable to the Central Committee of the 14,av, your erroneous acts and yollr erroneous conten- Communist Party of the Soviet Union on March 25, tions aimed at justifying them. At the same time, onr declining the invitation to send delegates to the 23r'd Party clarified its desire to achieve genuine unity oI Congress of the C.P.S.U. the international communist movement and resiore normal Par- The text of the cable reads: relations between the Japanese and Soviet ties as fraternal Parties in accordance lvith the prinei- We have received your cable dated Febluaty 21, ples of Marxism-Leninism and proletarian internati.on- 1966, inviting two deiegates of our Party to the 23rd alism. Congress of the C.P.S.U. to be held from March 29. Up till today. however, you have failed to take Relations between the C.P.J. and the C.P.S.U., the steps you should have taken to bring about a just rvhich had been on intimate terms time, for a long solution of these issues. As a matter of fact, [ol1r sup- have degenerated into a state of abnormality over the port and assistance are still being given to the trai- past years amid differences of view on matters of torous Shiga clique. principle which have emerged rvithin the international conditions our communist movement. In May 1964, you openly sup- Is it not obvious that under such your Congress? ported the anti-Party elements including Yoshio Shiga Party cannot accept your invitation to lvho *.ere eliminated from our Party. Again, in Juty For these considerations, our Party has decided of that year! you unilaterally made public your letter not to send a delegation to your forthcoming Congress. dated April 18, 1964, '"r,hich heaped abuse on our Party If you too really want unity of the international in a wholesale rvay. All this decisively undermined communist nrovement and normalization of relations normal relations betn'een our tlvo Parties as fraternal betrveen the Japanese and Soviet Parties as fraternal Parties. Parties, it stands to reason that you should frankly Our Party, in a letter of reply dated August 26, examine the cause of present-day conditions and take 1964, was obliged and required to make an open re{uta- positive steps based on the principles of Marxism- tion and criticism of your public attack, intervention Leninism and proletarian internationalisrn-

April 8, 7966 21 Moscow Meeting I'lss Nothing in CommoR With A Cong ress of the Po rty of Len in

- Soys Jocques Grippo, Secretory of the Centrol Committee of the Cornmunist Porty of Belgium

("La Voir du Peuple" Article, March 25)

THE 23rd Congress of the C.P.S.U. has nothing in counter-revolutionaiSr violence, to renounce the strug- r common wiih a Congress of the Party of Lenin, gle to shake off their fetters and to accept enslave- s.rote Jacques Grippa, Secretary of the Central Com- ment. . mittee of the Communist Party of Belgium, in an arti- "The Moscorv meeting rvill have nothing in com- cle "On the 23rd Congress of the C.P.S.U." in the March mon with a Congress of the Party of Lenin rvhich has 25 issue of La Voir du Peuple. been temporarily destroyed by the traitorous Khrush- "ltt'Le Drapeau Rouge,' journal of the Khrushchov- chovites." ites in Belgium, (March 23, 1966), one can read an "In tire Soviet Union, as in other countries which article by ils correspondent in the Sorriet Union con- find themselves under the yoke of the revisionists, cerning the meeting to be held in Moscorv on March there are Marxist-Leninists v,'ho represent the cause 29, a meeting going under the name of 'the 23rd Con- of soclalist revolution which will again emerge vic- gtess of the C.P.S.U.' torious after driving out the revisionist usurpers. "The articie shott s tl-re total degeneraticn of tire "U.S. imperialism mu-ltiplies its aggressions in the Soviet revisionists and their agents in Belgium and world, but it is more and more isolated and is digging their complete betrayal of Marxism-Leninism, prole- a grave for itself. tar:ian internationalism and pecple's cause. the "Rer;isionism which constitutes a political support "From beginning to end it is an attack against the ior U.S. imperialism is being unmasked more and fundamental principles of Marxism-Leninisrn- n]ore. . "While giorifying the revisionist theses of the 20th "Imper-ialism and rerrisionism have met with Congress a.nd Khrushchov, it heaps slanderous insults sc:rious defeats." cn Comrade Stalin." "Revisionism vriti be liquidated. The exploiters Grippa's article continues: "The revisionists want and oppressors, headed by the No. 1 enemy of the people the working class, the labouring masses, and the peo- of the rzu'orld-U.S. imperialism-rnill be completely ple to renounce revolutionary violence in opposing smashed,"

C.P"S.U . 23rd Comgress: Fu rther Betrsysl And Copitulstion - Soys N. Sonmugcthossn, Member of the Politicol Bureou snd the Secretoriot of the Communist Porty of Ceylon

(Press Release, March 26)

T N , press release issued on March 20, N. Sanmu- The press release says: "The Congresses of the A gathasan, Mentber of ttre Political Bureau and the Communist Party of the Soviet Union used to attract Secretariat of the Communist Party of Ceylon, said world'"','ide attention among the revolutionary move- that the 23rd Congress of the C.P.S.U. "can be expected ment. This was because was the Party to further systematize the betrayal of revolutionary not only it principles and the acceptance o{ the class collabolatj.on- founded by the great Lenin but also because it was ist and completeiy eapitulationist theories first put the first Party to achieve working-class power and forward by Khrushchov.'2 begin the task of building socialism."

2' Peking Reuiew, I{o. 15 But things have ehanged considerably since Stalin about the expansionism and the aggressive attitude of died and Khrushchov usurped pqwer and cast the China. If that is the case, then they seek to contain Soviet Party in a revisionist mould, it says. "Moscow Commu4ist China,. and probably one of the best .ways is no longer the Mecca of revolutionaries. The revolu- of fulfiiling this objective of containment is to have tionary centre has shifted from Europe to Asia,. from peace in Southeast Asia.' Moscow to Peking. This downward trend in the Soviet "Thus, we see a bomplete reappraisal of the Soviet Party began rvith the infamous 20th Congress which Union by the foremost representatives of U.S. impe- heard the 'secret' denunciation of Stalin by Khrushchov rialism. The Soviet leaders, for their part, have not and where the latter, for the first time, systematicaily been slow to reciprocate. Recently, trx,o significant developed his revisionist theories about peaceful books have been published officially in the Soviet transition to sociaiisrn and peaceful coexistence with Union. One is ?he U.S.S.E. and the U.S.A. imperialism." Paiitical and Econom.ic Relaiions. It preaches the-Their 'major The release sa!-s that Khrushchov steered ihe significance' of Soviet-U-S. co-operaiion. Soviet people a\\-a!- ircm their earlier revolutionary "The other book is entitled The Mouing Forces of path and imposeci on thexo his rvrong and revisionist the F:oreign Policg ol the U.S.A. It also preaches theories of dass coll.aboration. "But he bu{fooned too Soviet-Amei'ican co-operation for r,vorld domination much and too openl5'exposed his hand. He had to go. and presents the leaders of U.S. imperialism in a But his follorvers are treaCing the sarne path b'.rt more favourablelight.... cleverly. They are practising Khlushchovism rvithout "Thus. it is not the unity of all the forces opposed Khrushchov. No tioubt there s':ll be son-:e changes. to Anei'lcan imperialism. the enemy No. 1 of mankind, . We can . . e\peci to hear a lot oi u'ords agair*xi ihat the present Sov'iet leadership seeks. Oa the other American imperiali-sm over Yietnam- But thesa are all hand. it is the co-operation and unity *tth the chief im- attempts to fool the Soviet people so that they can pe,rialist power, butcher the people, betray them the better." the of Vietnamese that the Soviet leadership seeks. It is not the final defeat of American imperialism, the chieftain of rvorld rnHE release says that the best barometer to measure imperialism, that it seeks but living in co-operation I the change that has overfaken the Soviet lead- with it. ership since Khrushchov came to power is the reac- "This reactionary and revisionist Soviet concept is tion of the imperialists. Their assessment is both exceedingly well put in an article in the Soviet weekly, shrewd and realistic. Things have changed since "the Neu TLrnes, in its No. 6 issue this year, in an article special Russian-American relations established since entitled 'Genevai The Disarmament Committee.' Ac- the Cuban crisis anci maintained somehow or other in cording to this article, there exists in the world today pointed the spite of the war in Vietnam," as out by 'two diametrically opposed concepts,' 'the Tashkent arrd Paris paper Combat. This paper rnakes these obser- the Vietnam' concepts. The former benefits mankind. vations in relation to the signiticant conference of the The latter does not. NATO powers heid in Paris frorn December 14 to 16, eould have put it more clearly. Tashkent 1965. According to this paper, the conference maCe "Nothing was an attempt to get two capitalist powers India "a clear distilction between the U.S.S.R. and China." Pakistan to settle their differ:ences so that- they "With the former it is possible to negotiate, with the and join - Soviet Union and the imperialist powers latter, eaution or even distrust is essential." could the - - in a united front against China. In other words, Another Paris paper, Parts Jour, stated: "One Tashkent was part of an irnperialist, anti-China plot. little-noticed aspect oT the NATO council of ministers Vietnam represents the heroic resistance of a small but meeting hinged on a statement of the American brave people against the most brutal form of aggres- Secretary of Defence asking that NATO turn arn'ay sion by foreign U.S. imperialism. That the Soviet from the sub;ect habitually discussed since 1949 (i.e., leadership should openly show its preference to the the Russian menace) and devote itself to an examina- Tashkent concept is a measure of its political degenera- tion of the 'Chinese danger."' This is a reference to tion. It is a1so, incidentally, an exposure of the the impassioned appeal of Dean Rusk to America's hypocrisy of their support in words to the brave Viet- European allies to consider China as the main danger namese people." of the world and to his fantastic declamation that the fate of Europe was being deeided on the battlefields q PEAKING of the degeneration that has set in in the of Vietnam. Not one word escaped his lips about any r--' Soviet Union the restoration of capitalism and other threat from the U.S.S.R. A11 is quiet on the Western developments * the- release declares that it is the result I front. The Russian "menace" had given place to the of the mistakes committed by the Soviet ieadership. "yellow peril"! "So long as the capitalist encirclement of the Soviet Equally interesting is U.S. Vice-President Hum- Union continues, so long as capitalism eontinues in the phrel.s reactions after his talks with Kosygin in New world, so long will Soviet society be vulnerable to De1hi, the release eontinues. "After describing Kosygin attack by bourgeois ideas. That is w'hy the final suc- as a 'man of thought and reason,' Humphrey opines: cess of rvorld revolution is as rnuch in the interests of 'But, above all, I think the Russians are concerned the Soviet people as it is in the interests of the yet non-

April 8, 1966 23 liberated peoples. The class struggle does not ceasd tlies. China is taking pains, apart from political, after the establishment of socialism, In most cases, it ideologieal and organizational struggle against the intensifies. The working class is faced with the most remnants of the old society, to educate its younger remain- generation successors to the revolution. They frenzied efforts of the deposed classes and all - the ing bourgeois elements to stage a come-back. Only the aim to disappoint the imperialist hope that with the Irlmost vigilance and the exercise of the most ruthless cieath of the present revolutionary leadership in China, dictatorship by the working class against the former the revolution, there too, will suffer a setback. It has exploiting ciass and their social connections in the to be a proeess of constant and relentless struggle. present soeialist society can ensure the continued "Today, world imperialism is facing a profound supremacy of the socialist order." in Vietnam, in crisis. It is facing defeat everywhere - It says that the leadership of the C.P.S.U' have the Dominican Republic, in the Congo (L), etc' The "opened the door wide for the influx of 'ail forms of revolutionary forces are advancing to the point of rric- bourgeois influences. Undue wage discrepancies created tory. It is precisety at this stage that imperialism has a new class of people with vested interests and wiil-r to call up its last reserve the modern revisionists' no interests in revolutionary struggle or in supporting They act together r,l'ith the- inperialists to contain revolution in other countries. The dictatorship of the China and destro;'' the revolutionary movement just as' proletariat was loosened. Speculation and embezzle- immediateiy after the October Revolution, the Sociai ment became frequent. Partial restoration of capital- Democrats aided the imperialists to quarantine the ism lvas permitted. Khrushchov emerged as the repre- Soviet Union. But just as the imperialists and their sentative of all these forces. agents inside the working class failed then. they will "Learning from the mistakes committed by the fail again. The world revolutionary movenent u'ill Soviet leadership, the Communist Party of China and have its twists and turns. But it will triumph in the other N{arxist-Leninist Parties are taking steps to see end. Neither world imperialism nor its agents, the that similar degenelation does not set in in their coun- modern revisionists, can prevent this."

All Morxist-Leninists Will Repudiote the Soviet Revision ists

(Morxist-Leninist) - Soys E.F. Hill, Choirmon of the Communist Porty of Austrolio ("Vanguard" Article, March 37)

tr E HILL, Chairman of the Communist Party of contents of Khrushchov's secret report. This is becanse rl or- o Austraiia (Marxist-Leninist), in an articie Khrushchov's attack rvas not only an attack on Stalin pubtrished in Vo.nguard on March 31, strongly supports who r,vas a revered leader of the Soviet people but the refusal by the Communist Party of China and the more importantly, it rvas an attack on the very founda- Aibanian Party of Labour to send delegations to the tions of Marxism-Leninism, and the Sot,iet people are 23rd Congress of the Communist Party of the Soviet a revolutionary people. Union. "This attack involved an attempt by Khrushchov The article says that the refusal by the Communist to discredit comrnur-rism, the socialist gains of the Soviet Party of China and the Albanian Party of Labour to people and to discredit the I-eninist principles of the send fraternal delegations to the 23rd Congress of the dictatorstrip of the proletariat. C.P.S.U. will cause millions of peoples to search for "His colleagues Kosygin, Brezhnev and Co. purstled the reasons. "This fact alone is verv important. Ail Khrushchov's policy but with much more sophistica- fuIarxist-Leninists want the people to think abor-rt these tion, refinement and subtlety. matters, to ponder them, to distinguish right from "They did not disclose their betrayal in brash u,rong." words that Khrushchov used. But their line of treachery It says: "Since the 20th Congress of the C.P.S.U. was all the more cunning, deceitful and dangerous for in 1956 there has been an increasing attack within the that. international communist movement on the revolutionary "These people pretended to support the liberation principles of Marxism-Leninism. The attack made by struggles. They pretended to have the cause of the Khrushchov on Stalin is now too notorious to need Vietnamese people at heart. They pretended to rvant much discussion. unity in the international communist movement. They "suffice it to say that to this day the Soviet Party pretended to want a united socialist action over Viet- leaders have never disclosed to the Soviet people the nam.

24 Peking Reuieto, No. 15 "But facts speak far louder than words. These it. But they have teft throughout the world the people have in fact collaborated with the U.S. impe- powerful Marxist-Leninist forces. rialists. Ttrey themselves brag about their agreement "The Communist Party of Austraiia (M-L) is one on many questions with the U.S. imperialists." such force. It did not receive an invitation to the It goes on: "For the Chinese and the Albanian C.P.S.U. Congress. On the contrary, the disintegrating Aarons revisionist clique was invited Parties to have anything to do with a congress of such to attend. people would be to give those people a Marxist-Leninist "On a world scale, revisionism is breaking up. The revisionist groups are forced their revisionism. covering they are so desperately trying to get. to show Ttrat is all to the good because it assists the people to "It would be to add to their prestige. apprais€ the situation correctly. "Who would want to give prestige to the betrayers "The Chinese action in declining to attend the of the revolutionary principies of Marxism-Leninism? 23rd Congress has focussed attention on all these Who would want to give support to the 5th columnists? matters. It has renewd the call to strengthen the Marxist-Leninist ranks. help the Marxist- would want give It *'ill Soviet "Who to support to such btatantly Leninists. anti-Soviet elements as Khrushchov and his colleagues, "No matter what trickery or perfidy the Soviet Kosygin and Brezhnev and Co.? revisionists get up to, all Marxist-Leninists in the "Moreover, Khrushchov and his colieagues sptit world will repudiate them and unite around the great away from Marxism-Leninism. They have repudiated call of Marx and Engels of all lands, unite!' -'Workers 't C.P.S.U . 23rd Congress - Extension of Rump Left Over bv Kh rushchov

- Soys Malayan Monitor (Morch Issue) I N article in the March issue of the Malayan Monitor are being compelled to acknou'ledge the existence of / I says: "The stand of the Marxist-Leninist Parties to resistance to their decisions and polic',-. even though boycott the 23rd C.P.S.U. Congress is applauded b5 they themseh'es do not intend to change, It needs to those who realize that this Congress is nothing but an be pointed out, horvever, that these leaders have no extension of the rump of the 20th, 21st and 22nd Con- right to 'rehabilitate StaUn,' any more than they had gresses left over by the discredited revisionists under the right in the first instance to condemn him and undo Khrushchov." his work. Stalin and his achievements live and con- tinue to grow in the hearts and minds and in the rev- "The Communist Party of China and the Albanian olutionary endeavours of all Marxist-Leninists through- Party of Labour have rejected the C.P.S.U.'s invita- out the world." 23rd Congress. is understood that tion to attend its It "The Marxist-Leninist Parties' boycott of the 23rd Parties have also several fraternal similarly invited Soviet C.P. Congress is, therefore, not an act against rejected the invitation." the fraternal Communists and other sincere working "Persistent reports from the Soviet Union that people and patriots of the Soviet Union but is a pro- 'partial rehabilitation of Stalin'.may be considered at test and a positive act of soiidarity with them against the 23rd Congress indicate that the revisionist leaders those who have betrayed their sacred cause."

(Continu.eil lrom p. 18.) emancipation of the proletariat. Under these circum- stances, to broadcast the idea that the proletariat can or dozens of times larger numerically; their equipment seize state power without smashing the state machine is hundreds of times Lretter; and they are thousands of of the bourgeoisie and that socialism can be built with- times more truculent as reactionaries. They are play- out the dictatorship of the proletariat simpiy means ing the role of international gendarme, trying to strangle advocacy of sham revolution and actual capitulation; revolutionary movements both in the United States and all it amounts to is the peddling of phoney socialism in the other countries of the world. The state machines and the upholding of real capitalism. The Khrushchov of the bourgeoisie are now bigger and more reactionary revisionists are simply brokers promoting sham revolu- than ever before, and the bourgeoisie, by means of tion and selling phoney soeialism. armed subversion, peaceful evolution and all kinds of phoney socialism, is rabidly sabotaging the cause of (To be conch+ded in our neet issue)

Aprit 8, 7966 LJ,E E**.*

Survev of o'Commune (Yl)

-:-n- Why They Go to Yongtan

Mony visitors go to Yongton Commune to study its woy of work ond its methods ol lorming, but most of qll to leorn how sociolist oims ore being reolized. The lost orticle in o series of sir by o teom ol Pekinq Reui,ew correspondents.

I[,IANY visitors came to the Yangtan Commune's Part-r"r line of agricultural collectivization, it was not IY-!- 1"s4ing brigade, the Yangtan Brigade, while n'e afraid to forge ahead. ot u'ere there. Some were peasants from other parts Deciding to make their brigade a basic accounting ncrth China; some rvere rural cadres or specialists in unit of the commune was a bold and realistic act of various branches of farming; some were reporters, the Yangtan people. Running a big brigade of 4,000 '.r,rriters or film rvorkers. people and 15,000 rnu of land is no easy task, but Yang- Visitors came to look and learn. Horv did this for- tan Brigade has done it and does it brilliantly. Cadres meriy poverty-stricken area raise itseif up "by its and farmers come to study how it works, for it points bootstraps?" What technical measures did it use? What the way to the future of large-scale, highly organized, was its "secret of success?" mechanized and scientific socialist farming. A look around provided plenty of tangible evi- Key to Success dence of gocd planning and hard, dedicated, self-reliant Visitors quickly become aware of the brigade's work: terraced the fields, everywhere immaculately strong and able leadership. Yangtan's caCres, steeled piggery producing cultivated; the big plenty of in long years of revolutionary struggle, have a wealth manure; stables rx'ith cattle, horses, mules; the sleek of experience in directing and managing farm work. stallion from far-arvay Sinkiang for and the bull But they are the first to stress that all Yangtan's suc- breeding; the three lor:ries; the hundreds little of cesses are owed to "putting politics first," recognizing rubber-tyred, t'"vo-wheeled carts, carrying manure or the prime importance of socialist ideological educa- seed, almost completely hidden under enormous or tronal work. piles of fluffy cotton; the club rooms; the granary- a former landlord's mansion, repaired, white',r,'ashed, Political work is the life-blood of Yangtan's eco- spotless and bulging with grain to the rafters" nomic life. Constant improvement is made in manage- ment and technique in farming but this, insists the Yangtan Brigade One-Millions The is a "Four leadership, must be founded on the proletarian revolu- sold or deii-rered as tax over miilion jin, .Farm." It a tionary consciousness of the mass of members. of l',zheat to the state last year and the year before; it has 1.47 million jin ol grai.n in its granaries, a good Regularly of an evening, two or three times every year's supply for ail its members; it has capitai month, you will find all the activists and youtJr of the anrounting to nearly a million and a half yuan in ma- Yangtan Brigade and a good propottion of rank and chines, trucks, carts and implements; and it has a gross file members earnestly studying and discussing the annual income of a million yuan. This does not ex- rvritings of Chairman Mao. They are learning to use haust the list of its wealth: each household besides its the basic principles of lVlarxism-Leninism, the political own personal property has its individual reserves of theory of the revolutionary working class, expounded grain stored in great earthenware jars. in these writings to anaiyse and solve the everyday problems they meet u'ith in their liJe and work. Those .seeking technical guidance learn about terracing and the raising of livestock to provide In running the brigade, political work, manage- manure for the crops. The direetor of the Cotton Insti- ment and technique are interlinked. This is called the Proletarian politics, tute of Shansi Province has summed up the brigade,s "three-in-one method." the rev- politics people, cotton cultivation techniques and this has been olutionary that serve the link and progress published for general study. motivate management and technical so as to foster rnembers' creative ini.tiative, particularly in pro- Those probing deeper, study the "Yangtan spirit,l duction and in using and deveioping modern techni- The brigade started its piggery as part of its great ques. The Yangtan leadership stresses that when any ieap effort. When difficulties arose later in the three important farming activity is undertaken, those doing I'ears of severe natural calamities from 1959 to 1961, there was great temptation to give it up, but Yangtan I mu:0.066 hectare or 0.16i1? acre persevered and won through. Yangtan is boid, realis- l jin:0.5 kilogramme or 1.1023 pounds tic and steadfast. Realistically implementing the

26 Peking Reuiew, No. 15 it must be ideologically prepared. Aims and reasons are explained and questions answered. As the work is done, meetings are held on the spot to review progress. Good examples are cited and bad ones criticized. In this rvay polit- ical and ideological work is iink- ed with management. Proletarian politics also lead technical work. For instance, during one wheat harvest, some brigade members reaped fast but lefi stray ears here and there. The cadres who noticed this ex- plained that il five jin of rvheat were lost on each mu in this way, the brigade would lose 40,000 jirz.altogether. enough to feed 100 people for a Jear, The fast, _ careful harwesters rvere pra.sed: . .:.:...,...:.:::.::;::,:.r,:.r,:j:...a.:ni Iangtan nrilitiamen in training the careless ones could not but ile more careful. That iesson has not been forgo'r"ien. Yangtan harvesting is now a each other daily. Beixinzhuang nembers organized n-rodel to watch. squads to cut fodder on the mountain. Private stores When a new farming technique is introduced of fodder rvere put at the service of the collective and members study not only the scientific principles more pigs u'ere raised. Seven hundred mu of the bri- involved but its political, social and economic signif- gade's 7,500 mu was terraced on the model of the No. icance as \r''eli. It is thus under:stood a1l-round as part i3 team's and the tearn lent 1,000 jir of chemical fer- of the drive to builcl. socialism, to inerease production, tilizers. The C.M.C. aiso ient a hand directly to help c.insolidate the collective economy and raise members' the brigade. Beixir-rzhuang's per-mru u,heat yields lvent living standards. If needed, the proposed inno-;ation up steadily by a total of 108 per cent from 1962-65. is tried out on experimental plots so that everyone can ToCay ihat brigade is rated an outstanding unit in the see the results. conlmune. Sociolist Spirit On the basis of such experience in mutual aid, the Commune Management Committee helped Yangtan Constant and effective education in the spirit of and four other brigades in the spring of 1963 to organ- socialism has made the Yangian people enthusiasts at i2e a technical network: each deputed one or trvo lead- their r.vork, eager for scientific knowledge and with a ing members to meet regularly under the ieadership high level of socialist consciousness. of the Yangtan Brigade's Party secretary. Here they The socialist spirit of co-operation is an outstand- pool and sum up experience and help each other on ing feature of the Yangtan Brigade that visitors study, the spot to solve emerging probiems involving ideolog- The brigade is a dynamic example of progress in the ical and technical work and management. N{aterial aid commune. Its cadres and members are ah,,zays ready is also exchanged or given. give hand commune's to to a to oihers in the efforts These are just a few examples of the political and yields achieve higher on all types of land. ideological educational work that has gone to create The Beixinzhuang Brigade in 1962 was a poor bri- that "Yangtan spirit" and more effective co-operation. gade. Its yields were low and there was not enough As the cadres there put it: "If rve all unite in heart and fodder for its livestock. It stood in sharp contrast mind, we can move Taishan!" to the Yangtan Brigade's No. 13 team which was right beside it. On the suggestion of the Commune IheOld... Managerhent Committee, team 13 gladly undertook to A graphic exhibition of Yangtan's past and present help but pointed out that technical advice was no gooil has been arranged in a f,ormer landlord's mansion. It unless the Beixinzhuang members were ideologically makes vivid the old peasants' stories of the incredi- prepared to put collective interests first and were mo- ble miseries and barbarities they suffered under such bilized for collective action. Visits and talks between tyrants as the landlord Chen llung-en, who owned 200 cadres and members of the brigade and team drove mu of land and ruthlessly exploited 30 landless hired this first lesson home. hands" When land reform carne it found 50 ol 3'17 At the same time a teiephone trine rvas installed lan"rilies of pooi: peasants on rvhat is nov,' the iand of between brigade ar-id teatn olfices and they consulted the Yangtan Brigade, begging for a living. Extor-

April 8, 1966

*4 tionate usury and child slavery were commonplace. picture is below, heads the list with 32.5 jin an hour. Whole families were wiped out by starvation and land- In the Xiayuan Brigade we met Chang Hung-lien, Iord tyranny. 23-year-o1d Youth League secretary and head of the 33-man forestry team, who is renowned as a planter Those landlords guilty of murder and other crimes of trees. This brigade has large tracts of wasteland on received their just punishment at the hands of the peo- the upper levels of Ta-erh Mountain and these are the p1e's courLs after liberation. As for the rest of them, target of her and her team. They sparked the affores- they live on their own labour in the commune and t tation drive the commune. Yangtan Brigade alone 't suffer no discrimination as far as work points are in has planted 200,000 trees, 70,000 of thenr last spr'ing. concerned. Constant vigilance is, of course, maintained I This is no easy job and gets harder as it is fulfiiled. ! to guard against their exploiting-class ideas (the peo- it Now the lower slopes of Ta-erh are afforested. Higher I ple's laws are there to deal with any illegal acts against up hole has to be dug, soiL brought up from below ni the people and socialism) and every effort is made to a to fill it, the sapling positioned and watered. Hard reform them into usefr-rl members of society. rvork, but Yangtan's youth will plant tens of thousands of saplings this year. theNew ... This is a r,vholly literate generation in an area Those reminders of the past point up the energ-v *'here only a decade and a haif ago the overwhelming and vitality of the new. Talking about the youth rvolk majoritl' of the people in'ere illiterate. A11 Yangtan rvhich is specially cared ior by the commune's Party Ccmmune's 1'outh has had some formal education. Sev- committee and management committee, Wang Teh-ho, eraL have had sorne college training and more than d.eputy Party secretary of the commune, said: "If we half have studied or are in mid.dle school. They make don't train the youngsters to carry forward the revolu- g'ood use of their knotr'ledge. in 'uvork, in running tionary cause, who rvill carry the revolutionary flag newspaper-reading groups or acting as correspondents rvhen we pass away?" for the press and radio. They folm the bulk of the 600 members of the Yangtan Brigade currently studying Led by veterans like him, Yangtan Commune's Chairman Mao Tse-tung's works and a large propor- youth is much in evidence. Trventy per cent of the tion of those engaged in scientific experiments. Under Yangtan Brigade's youngsters are members of the the guidance of veteran farmers, groups of them are Communist Youth League and over three-fifths are now raising better strains of seeds and studying ho'w Commune Members" good in socialist "Five-Good - to improve the use of fertiiizer. In the commune as a outlook, good in collective work and technical study, 'ur.hole, 876 youngsters are keepers of granaries and tool- and in caring for public property, implementing Gov.- slores, rvork-point keepers, accountants and leaders or ernment regulations and in ma.naging their house- deputy leaders of production teams all responsibie hoids industriously and thriftily. They are the back- jobs in a people's cornmune. Three -of Yangtan Bri- bone of the militia and rve often heard their marching gade's young people are in college no\ /'- an agro- fcet on the drill ground. The Yangtan Brigade has an nomist, a budding engineer and a doctor. exceilent military instructor: a keen-eyed, steel- sinerved veteran of the Eighth Route Army When the Yangtan Brigade celebrated National Day last year, r,vas youth put predecessor of the People's Liberation Army of today -"- it the who out the fiags arrd over Lanes paper Chang Fa-kuei, ex-deputy battalion commander. the hung coloured bunting with today's slogans: "Forge ahead self-reliantly! Put politics Up above the co-op store is a red poster rvith large first! Long live Chairman Mao! Long live the characters that cites the names of Yangtan Brigade's Ccmmunist Party!" On the waII opposite the co-op outstanding cotton pickers. Chi Chun-mei, lt hose rvele displayed commune members' essays desclibing

Yangtan Cornmun€ rnembers

28 Peking Reuiew, No. 15 I the b,enefits which they had gained from the study of The magnificent terracing and other basic con- Chairman Mao's works. struction both material and ideological * which the commune- has carried out is a fi.rm foundation for that The main festivity was tw'o evenings of songs, future. Last year the commune succeeded in getting a dances and south Shansi opera on modern themes put good harvest. Yangtan Brigade, i.ts leading unit, got on by the brigade's amateurs on the stage in Yangtan its highest yield of 4A2 jin of wheat per mu and, in vil1age. The singing was good and the music too. spite of the prolonged drought, raised 101.2 jin of AI1 of it was modern. Dancing was a forgotten art cotton per mu. Given anywhere near normal conditions, in pre-liberation Yangtan. Now dancing is coming into Yangtan Commune is confident that its teams and brl- the life of the people again, cadres from brought by gades can get much better yields than they did last year. the towns who come to do their speL1 of farm rvork in the brigade and by the 55 educated youngsters from Before u,e left we heard discussions of the plans Peking who, under a government sponsored scheme, by rvhich the commune looks forward to beating the have volunteered to joi.n the Yangtan Commune and weather radically in the not too distant future. It is help to build a new socialist countryside. These boys seeking a long-term solution of the water problern, and and girls did a militia dance and two girls performed a thoroughgoing survey of the water resources of the an Inner Mongolian folk dance. area is under rvay. Drilling will soon start to locate underground water even 100 ri-retres or: more beneath group The opera put on three south Shansi operas. the upper fields of Yangtan. Eiectric pumps r,r,ill raise One s.as about catching Kuomintang agents - Fisher- u,ater from deep-drilled u,ells for those and lower lnetu on the Sea; another \\'as a didactic litt1e opera fields. about a girl rvho crushed a cotron plant but irat-rkl5' ou,ned up to her fault. If the rvater problem cannot be soh,ed by the ccnrnrune itself in this rval-. an alternative plan is to That first evening the children and older women build an electric pumping station on the Fen River and rvere bringing their chairs at five and taking up vantage pump lvater to Yangtan. But r,l,ithout waiting for these points before the open-air stage. By the time the pians to materialize Yangtan was preparing for a show started at B o'clock, 2,000 people had crowded further big u,ater conservancy drive for the winter. into the space in front of the stage.

Glimpse of the Future The sowers were just completlng the sowing of the winter wheat. (Gee-up!)" It rvas October when we ieft Yangtan Commune. "Ho-ho! Lei.-lei! they cried to their horses. And after a timely fall of rain the winter Much has been done. Much still remains to be done. wheat quickly sprouted in the rvarm earth. The \,\,-eather Yangtan's people are adequately fed, dressed and was cool at dawn and in the evening, but still hot at housed and ha'v-e big reserves to draw on. Life is busy noon. On the sunny side of houses, great festoons of and happ;r. Horizons have 'rvidened far beyond the tobacco leaves hung from eaves to ground, drying. The Ta-erh and Purple Mountains which once bounded the cotton harvest was nearly over. lives of the local peasants. A young man or woman lives here now in a go-ahead community whose diverse The cook gave us a farewell banquet of steu,ed occupations offer a very fuil life in farming, forestry, pork with cabbage, fried dumplings stuffed with sugar industrial and cultural skills. The- ger-reral direction is and sweet giutinous riee with dates. We said many set though naturally there rrill be progressive changes good-byes. The driver let the car ro11 down the slope in detaiis of management and $.orking o{ the commune. to engage the engine. We waved. Someone ca11ed: The future is bright. "You'll be hearing from us!" We did not doubt it.

fiffi

April 8, 1966 29 -: --

swept the states of Kerala, Madhya ROUND WORLD Pradesh, Uttar Pradesh, West Bengal THE and Maharashtra. Up to now, she has had no other way to cope with the situation than to resort to violence. SOUTH VIETNAI,I ing iri Thu Dau Mot Province. SuP- According to Indian press reports, ported by a liberation army detach- the Gandhi government used 64,000 Trends in People's Wor ment, the insurgents destroyed more troops and policemen to suppress the than 30 tanks and armoured cars and anti-hunger demonstrations in West On April 1, for the sixth time wiped out all the reactionary Bengal alone. Here, between Feb- or so this year in enemy-occupied elements of the regiment before they ruary 17 and March 15, 40 people, south Vietnam and the second crossed over with a 27-ton tank. including two teenagers, were killed, beleaguered Saigon, an 166 wounded and 3,933 arrested. time in puppet trooPs are driv- American billet the Victoria Hotef The Saigon en to the battlefield to slaughter their But violence has only given rise to one of the biggest- there was at- countr5rmen. Suffering constant more revolts. It has certainly not bet- tacked and blown up by the- Libera- own blows ffom the people's armed forces, tered the food situation tat- tion Armed Forces. With most of the or the they gradually find their contradic- tered Indian economy. In Calcutta, first floor destroyed and the second tions with U.S. imperialism and the for instance, "the city's poor are df ing and third floors left a tangled mass handful of Saigon traitors becoming of malnutrition at a faster rate than of twisted steel and broken concrete, increasingly acute. Nor can they over- at any time in recent years," reported some 100 of the 200 American of- look the savageries committed against the American magazine Neusuteek in ficers who lived there were killed or U.S. a.ggressors. On its April 4 issue. wounded. them by the March 10, for instance, when fleeing Accordingly, to Saigon is the head.quarters of the from a hear.y attack by the peoPle's Mrs. Gandhi went told her hosts American aggressors and their pup- forces, the Ameri.cans at A Sau ae- Washington where she pets. But in spite of all his precau- tually shot seven puppet soldiers as that India is as important to the U.S. tions. the enemy cannot prevent these they too tried to get into the heli- as the U.S. is to India. To prove her attacks. Why? The only ansrver is that coplers. This and many other scan- point, she reminded the American the people's armed forces, apart from dalcus crimes of the American in- press that India, as chairman of the their bravery and resource, have the vaders have served as an eye-opener International Control Commission, overall support of the local popula- to the puppet troops. is "al'"r,ays ready to play a con- tion. And this is one of the charac- structive role in the continuing quest teristics of a people's war. for peace in Vietnam." She add- INDIA As the Liberation Armed Forces are ed that her government well under- pounding the aggressors and their The Art of Begging stood the American difficulties on the puppets both in Saigon and their Vietnam question. To reciproeate the other "strongholds," a new trend il Each time she visited the U.S. was Indian "goodwill," Johnson, said the the people's war has begun to emerge. an "education" to her, said India's joint communique issued after his On March 23, the patriotic officers Prime Minister Mrs. Gandhi during twe-day parley with Mrs. Gandhi, and men of the puppet First Ar- her Washington visit at the end of "assured her that, Congtess willing, moured Regiment belonging to the last month. Each time too an Indian the U.S. will continue to participate battered puppet Fifth Division, the Prime Minister goes to the U.S. there generously in the international effort number of whose deserters has been is the task of beggrng for help to to alleviate India's immediate food mounting this year, staged an uprls- keep the government's head above deficit problem." water. Like her predecessors who invari- Mrs. Gandhi's ably received increased alms from the need for American U.S. for singing the anti-China tune "aid" is particular- called by Washington, NIrs. Gandhi Iy desperate. Since joined Johnson in slandering China the end of January, as pursuing "aggressive policies." a mass campaign What is more, having herself 1abe1led against hunger and China as "aggressive," she offered scaring prices has her own quaint explanation of why this is so. China, she told an Amer- ican audience, entered into "conflict" with India because of the latter's "ef- ". . , the whole world caved in" was how an forts to develop in democratic social- American naval officer ism" and because India serves as "a described the blowing- and prosperous example of up of the Yictoria strong Hotel. democracy" for the Asian countries !

3A Peldng Reuieu, No. 15 Carried away by her anti-China focus of its global strategy from strike a politi'cal bargain with the-r nonsense, Mrs. Gandhi ignores the Europe to Asia; but, far from giving Soviet Union on the "prevention fact that the "prosperity" and "de- up its military buildup in Western of nuclear proliferation." Small mocracy" a euphemism for famine Europe, it is counting mainly on West wonder that U.S. Secretary of State and arrests- of the innocent which Germany to further its aggressive Rusk has hailed the note as some- India now "enjoys" and of which- she designs in this part of the world, the thing "constructive and forward- is so proud, are the very things that more so as France is out to dismantle looking." prevailecl in old China under the rule NATO. As Bonn sees it, now is the But this garb of peace does not fit of the irnperialists reactionaries, West German militarism to and time for the Bonn government. Even in this things Chinese people raise its head To do so, it which the again. notq which Chancellor Erhard de- abhor needs first soothe the anxieties of and which they rid themselves to scribed as having presented a pic- of 16 years ago. the European people and thus put ture of his government's "peaceful them off their guard. Hence, the policy," West Germany has not includes. for WEST GERMANY "peace" note which budged an inch from its consistent proposed instance, the exchange of revanchist stand, namely, restora- declarations witJl the Soviet Union, A Gsrb Thot Doesn't Fit tion of the 1937 borders of Hitierite Poiand and Czechoslovakia re- to Germany, "reunification" of Ger- government nounce use of force." It, in The Bonn of West "the many by annexing the German Germany. rr here mrlitarism is being addition, also suggests that "the Democratic Repubiic and getting revived non-stop nuclear pcv,rers come to an agree- and n-her:e the its hands on nuclear \veapons revanchist ahra5-s been ment not to lrai-isf ei- any nuclear spirit has through the U.S.-controlled NATO. strong, recently went out of its way weapons to the national control of to send many countries the Soviet other counir-ies." In this x'a1 , lYash- Therefore, one is only, i*rt1t'ttt n Union and East European- states ington will find it not only easier to things to believe that the U.S. has among them a diplomatic note speed up the revival of militarism in changed its policy of fostering West - talking about "general disarmament" West Gerrnany but also easier to German revanchism or that there is and "guaranteeing European peace." a genuine relaxation in the European situation, As far But by merely scratehing the sur- as the people around the face of these platitudes, one imme- 'world concerned, the diately finds that there is something are more behind them that this note West Ger-rnan note rn'ilI is a peace cloak to- serve Washing- only remind them of the ton's counter-revolutionary global /r\ great "skiil" Adolf Hitler strategy and Bonn's ou'n wild ex- I dlsplayed in confusing the pansionist ambitions. The back- European people by his ground of this "peace offensive," as constant talk of peace in the Hamburg paper Di.e Welt calTed, the years when he pre- it, is that Washington is shifting the pared for war.

THE WEEK ference in Japan's internal affairs." must rot forget that the debt the Refuting this absurd charge, Com- Japanese reactionaries owe the Chi- mentator said that it was the Japanese nese people will have to be repaid (Continued p. 5.) from reactionaries who had been interfer- sooner or later." or undermine the firmly established ing in China's domestic affairs. He Commentator said that the Sato militant friendship between our two said: "The Sato government maintains government had recently become in- peoples." 'diplomatic relations' with the Chiang creasingly hostile towards China. He In an article in Renmin Ribao oa Kal-shek gang which has been over- added: "Al1 the evidence irrefutably April 5, Commentator said that the thrown by the Chinese people. It shows that the Sato cabinet is violent- Sato government's decision was a openly opposes the restoration to ly anti-Chinese. It is stepping up its serious step deliberateiy aimed at China of its legitimate rights in the efforts to revive militarism, going in undermining friendly exchanges be- United Nations and engages in the for expansion and aggression abroad tween the Chinese and Japanese peo- 'two Chinas' pIot. And it is also the and willingly letting itself be led by ples. Sato government which is trying to the nose by the United States. If the The Sato government alleged that sell the theory that 'the future of Sato government keeps skidding along the visit of the delegation of the Chi- Taiwan is undecided' in its attempt this path, it will inevitably drag the nese People's Institute of Foreign to seize that island which is a prov- Japanese nation once again into a Affairs would constitute an "inter- ince of China. Ihe Sato government bottomless abyss."

Ayril 8, 7966 31 TEN NES(/ POEMS BY MAO TSE-T{.ING ;lt 14 & *. + Written between 1949 qnd 1963 ond published for the first time in Jonuory 1964, these n poems ore now published in tronslotion in the English edition of CHINESE LITERATURE 9r No.5, 1966, Two poems, "Ode to the Plum Blossom-to the melody ol'Pu Shuon Tzu"' ond "Reply to Comrode Kuo Mo-jo-to {he melody of 'Mon Chiong Hung,"'ore written in the troditionol tzu form; six poems, "The Copture of Nonking by the People's Liberotion + Army," "Shooshon Revisited," "Ascent of Lushon," "Reply to o Friend," "Reply to Comrode € n Kuo Mo-jo" ond 'Winter Clouds." ore lu shih of eight lines of serren chorocters eoch; ond two poems, "Militio Women" ond "The Foiry Cove,'l orc chi, chueh ol four lines with E seven chqrocters eoch. fr. *r This issue olso includes "Clossicol Chinese Prosody," on orticle on clossicol Chinese & verse forms, ond on orticle by the well-known poet Kuo Mo-jo on one of the poems. 1t T o Z *,I Subscribe to CHINESE LITEMTURE published monthly in Enslish ond quorrerty :-= in French. lt brings you the works of contempcrory Chinese writers, selecticns from Chinese clossicsl literoture, literory ond ort criticism, rePorts on culturol events. ond full poge colour reproductions of clossicol ond modem Fointingr

Bnks in English on China's Rural Communes The People's Communes Forge Ahead

A Bosic Summory of Five Yeors' Experience in the Rurol People's Communes of Kwongtung Province

by Too Chu Member of the Central Committee of the Chinese Communist Party and First Secretary of the Secretariat of the Central-South Bureau of the Central Committee

Published by FOREIGN TANGUAGES PRESS, Peking, Chino

40 pages 18.5 x 73 cm. Palter cooer

The Rise of the Chinese People's Communes-And Six Years After

by Anno Louise Strong

Published by NEW WORLD PRESS, Peking, Chlno

238 pages I8.5 X 73 cm. Paper cooet

Distributed by GUOZI SHUDIAN (Chino Publicotions Centre), P.O. Box 399, Peking, Chino