REFURBISHING ELDERLY CARE the New Streams and Organisational Transformation in Finland and Japan
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LAUREA-AMMATTIKORKEAKOULUN JULKAISUSARJA B•35 Helena Erjanti & Koichi Ogasawara (Eds.) REFURBISHING ELDERLY CARE The New Streams and Organisational Transformation in Finland and Japan LAUREA PUBLICATIONS B•35 Refurbishing Elderly Care The New Streams and Organisational Transformation in Finland and Japan Helena Erjanti & Koichi Ogasawara (Eds.) 2009 Vantaa Copyright © authors and Laurea University of Applied Sciences ISSN 1458-7238 ISBN 978-951-799-1551 - Edita Prima Oy, Helsinki 2009 Content TO THE READER ...................................................................................... 6 FOREWORDS............................................................................................ 7 Helena Erjanti Koichi Ogasawara PART 1..................................................................................................... 11 Quality of Life and New Interpretation of Rehabilitation............... 12 Katariina Raij Paula Lehto Arja Piirainen Elderly People’s Grief and Quality of Life ...................................... 40 Helena Erjanti Multi-expertise Team Care for the Dementia.................................. 51 Yoshihiko Watanabe Active Art in Dementia Care............................................................. 68 Hannele Niiniö Tiina Pusa Developing a Conceptual Framework for the Human Side of Innovation with Particular Reference to Senior Citizens in Innovation Ecosystems.................................................................... 82 Tuija Hirvikoski Henrique Diz Conceptualizing Networked Value-creation and its Management in Health and Social Care Services in Finland...... 105 Timo Järvensivu Katri Nykänen 3 “Japanese Model” care service network some advanced Japanese cases............................................................................... 131 Hiroo Hagino A Study on the Creation and Structure of a Health and Social Care Service Network ..................................................................... 145 Nozomu Shimazu Reforming Health and Social Care Services in the City of Vantaa............................................................................................... 156 Matti Lyytikäinen Reforming Elderly Care in the City of Espoo ............................... 166 Jaakko Valvanne PART 2................................................................................................... 175 Securing Liveliness of the Elderly ................................................ 176 Koichi Ogasawara Some Thoughts on the Philosophy of Care An Interpretation of Spirituality from the Viewpoint of Buddhism........................... 187 Hisakuni Saito Integrated Care and its Management: A Critical Review ............ 198 Timo Järvensivu The City-level Policies and their Targets in Vantaa..................... 208 Matti Lyytikäinen City-Level Policies and their Targets in Espoo............................ 218 Jaakko Valvanne Ageing Contributes to Ageing ....................................................... 227 Kazuki Iwata Alexei Kononenko Akito Mori 4 Managing Integrated Care Networks (ICNs): Towards a More Contextual and Social Perspective of ICN Development............ 233 Timo Järvensivu Katri Nykänen Elderly Care Services in Transition: Increasing Value through Client-Provider Collaboration ........................................................ 248 Arto Rajala Hannu Pirnes Hiroo Hagino Support for and quality of life of the elderly bereaved ............... 264 Helena Erjanti Senior Citizens as SeniorTrainers in Germany and Finland: Experiences of German and Finnish Participants in SeniorTrainer Education Programmes ......................................... 276 Joachim Burmeister Pirjo Havukainen The elderly as an active part of the community........................... 307 Helena Allahwerdi Pirkko Liikanen Clinical Art and Active Art – sketching out cultural context ...... 321 Tiina Pusa 5 To The Reader Tohoku Fukushi University, Tohoku Fukushi Corporation, Helsinki School of Economics, Laurea University of Applied Sciences and the cities of Espoo and Vantaa have since 2006 implemented a research and development project that targets the development of services for the elderly on the basis of a mutual cooperation agreement. One of the project's work methods includes international seminars; the third seminar was held in November 2007 in Japan and the fourth in September 2008 in Finland. A number of other Finnish higher education institutions have joined the cooperation between Japan and Finland by means of individual cooperation agreements with Tohoku Fukushi University. The aim has been to foster new types of treatment to activate the elderly and to develop operating models for improving the quality of treatment and care through international cooperation. Editors of the joint publication for the seminars include Professor Koichi Ogasawara Tohoku from Fukushi University and Regional Principal, Doctor of Health Sciences Helena Erjanti from Laurea University of Applied Sciences. On behalf of coordinator of the project, Laurea University of Applied Sciences, I would like to extend my sincere gratitude to the editors and writers for transforming the seminar results into the form of a publication. Pentti Rauhala President, Doctor of Philosophy, Adjunct Professor 6 Forewords Helena Erjanti, Laurea University of Applied Sciences, he- [email protected] Koichi Ogasawara, Tohoku Fukushi University, [email protected] The articles for this book are based on papers presented at the third Sendai- Finland Seminar (in November 2007 in Sendai, Japan) and the fourth Finland- Sendai Seminar (in September 2008 in Vantaa and Helsinki, Finland). The seminars are the annual events for the Active Project entitled “Refurbishing Eld- erly Care”, which is the joint R&D project agreed by Laurea University of Applied Sciences, Helsinki School of Economics, the City of Vantaa and the City of Espoo in Finland and Tohoku Fukushi University and Tohoku Fukushi Corpera- tion from Sendai, Japan. The targets of the project are, first of all, to share an understanding, which is elaborated from fact based research, of the tasks our public policy and social strategy choices must face in the area of elderly care if they are to decrease so- cial costs and improve efficiency in the provision of health care services. Sec- ondly, we aim to create innovations in health and social services that are moti- vated by a desire to provide a greater quality of life by integrating expertise from a variety of professions and fields. Thirdly, we seek to improve the model of ser- vice provision system and have used the value creating nets theory to do so. The first Sendai-Finland Seminar was held in Japan in March 2006. The second seminar was held in Finland in September of the same year. In the seminars, experts from the Tohoku Fukushi University, the Helsinki School of Economics, Laurea University of Applied Sciences, and professionals from the health and social care sector in Japan and Finland introduced potential new solutions for 7 fulfilling the health care service needs for a rapidly ageing population in both countries. The outcome of the first Seminar has already been published, in a special ver- sion of the annual report of Kansei Fukushi Research Center at Tohoku Fukushi University, in August 2006, under the title; Refurbishing Elderly Care - Evidence and Theoretical Targets. Papers for the second Seminar have also been edited into Refurbishing Elderly Care – The Strategy of Cost Efficiency in Theory and Practice, Helena Erjanti ed, Laurea Publications, 2007. The third Sendai- Finland Seminar (SFSIII) was held in November 2007 at Tohoku Fukushi Uni- versity, Sendai, under the title “Refurbishing Elderly Care - New Health and So- cial Services Networks”. Twenty three papers were presented in two days of sessions. The fourth Finland-Sendai Seminar (FSSIV), entitled “Bed Is No- body’s Home – Services for the Elderly in the Change, was held in September 2008 as a Sendai Knowledge Cluster Initiative – A Global Linkage Program af- filiated event, with 22 presentations. Most of the services for the elderly in Finland are produced as service produc- tion by the public sector. The purchasing of care, nursing, rehabilitation, and cor- responding services from outside the public sector is currently significant in Finland, and it will most likely continue to increase in the future. If the operations models made by the public and private sectors for maintaining health and pre- venting health problems continue to be developed, a better quality of life can be produced for the elderly at a lower cost. The central means for developing the operations models have, with the joint research and development programme, been proven to be network competence and the utilising of welfare technology. The need to develop operations models in order to maintain health and prevent health problems in the elderly can be considered to be equal and parallel in Finland and Japan. On the other hand, the Japanese long-term care system is now just in the middle of a period of self adjustment to a more community comprehensive care system rather than the quasi-market model it used to be. Together with community criti- cal path system, introduced by medical legislative reform in 2006, the long-term care system is now being integrated with other related services in order to target a more comprehensive and continuous approach to individuals who are in need. Networking as a tool to the solution of creating values and merits is a currently a hot topic