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EDITOR’S COMMENTS the two Chimurengas in Rhodesia. Nationalism of course, in all its guises over the past 100 years, November/December 2019 marked the is alive and well, frequently with racial/religious beginning of a world in turmoil: firstly, from a or sectarian overtones. Consider the sectarian health management standpoint with so many violence in Ireland, the rise of Fascism in Europe, missteps, then political with so much indecision, the break-up of Communist Russia and eastern closely followed by an economic one with European states, the recent annexation of the lockdowns decimating small businesses. Crimea from the Ukraine by Russia, the ‘Black Lives Matter’ movement, the toppling or removal The pandemic has provided us with an intriguing of historical or colonial statues. The list goes on set of responses from countries (read politicians) and this prompted the article ‘Trying to Rewrite around the globe. From ”Go fast, go hard”, as in History’. It reminded me of a remark made by a smaller island countries eg. New Zealand, Japan, tour guide in Malaysia on a TV show – ‘Great Iceland, South Korea (to all intents and purposes Asian Railway Journeys’ presented by Michael an island country), to dither, delay, or rejection in Portillo. She said they were grateful to the British some countries of the developed world. colonialists because it had made them who they were today. You cannot change history! Some of these countries with many millions in population have not “followed the science” and “I Was There” are a few stories and the advice of their epidemiologists. Tragically, reminiscences from the lexicon of experiences the plethora of responses and timelines in that made the BSAP. Finally, in celebration of lockdowns and provision of resources, has our beautiful and beloved country, the article resulted in many millions of extra cases and on growing Flame Lilies seemed a good way to hundreds of thousands of deaths. end this edition.

Of interest. is that the ‘non-pharmaceutical To those of you who have lost loved ones response’ that has been applied prior to the between this Outpost and the last, the Branch development of a vaccine, is virtually the same extends its deepest sympathies. as that applied 100 years ago during the great influenza pandemic of 1918. Thank you for the articles submitted for this Edition. Keep up your support of any functions Therefore, in this edition of the Outpost, it we are able to hold this year – contact is crucial seemed fitting to include an article on a brief to sustaining our esprit de corps. Hope you enjoy history of influenza/respiratory pandemics the read, feedback is always welcome. during the 20th and 21st centuries, their causes, the responses made and subsequent mortalities. Best wishes to you and your families – Ed.

In one of our articles, a footnote to New Zealand history is the connection between Frank Vogel, son of an esteemed Prime Minister of New Zealand and Rhodesian history. Disclaimer: Views or opinions expressed are not

necessarily those of the Association or the The power of the ancestral spirits, their mediums Committee. Errors of omission or commission and alignment with nationalism and the forces of are mine entirely. liberation are referenced in the article describing

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THE OUTPOST 2020-2021 THE COMMITTEE

Editor’s Comments. 1 Chairman: Peter Burridge Contents 2 Vice-Chairman: The Committee 2 Paul Taylor Secretary/Treasurer: Current Members 4 Mike Harvey Chairman’s Report 6 Mobile - 027 473 8668 [email protected] (includes April 2020 AGM) Editor: Branch and District Meetings 9 Paul Taylor Mobile – 021 118 9046 News from Rhodesian Services 9 [email protected] Association (RhSA) Members:

Les Lloyd ARTICLES of INTEREST: Ron Kaagman Winston Hart Frank Vogel – NZ link with 9 Past-Chairman/ Publisher: Rhodesian History Steven McIntosh-Dona

1st and 2nd Chimurengas and

the Power of Spirit Mediums Trying to Re-write History History of Respiratory Pandemics “I Was There” – several short 23 stories BSAP College of Branches 27 Growing Flame Lilies 27 On the Lighter Side of Life 28 ANZAC Day 30 Memorial Roll 31

Three of the Committee doing their duty at the ANZAC Parade Hobsonville. Left to Right: Paul Taylor, Peter Burridge, Mike Harvey Also in attendance, Steven McIntosh-Dona.

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BRITISH SOUTH AFRICA POLICE 10431 McINTOSH-DONA, Steven REGIMENTAL ASSN., NEW ZEALAND Past Wife Kim MEMBERS, ASSOCIATE (FORMER Chairman/Committee NRP) AND HONORARY MEMBERS 901576 MAWDSLEY, Butch (INCLUDING WIDOWS) @ 27 March 2021 PRESTON, Ted 12933 G F/R Wife Joan Reg. No. Name & Partner ROBINSON, Malcolm NORTH DISTRICT 5057/6148 Wife Joan

7754 DICKINSON, Eric G. ROFFEY, Maurice (ME) *P. D. Wife Lynette 4623 Wife Audrey (Deceased) * CONTACT 23301B F/R TAYLOR, Paul Kingsley NORTH, Christopher V- Chairman/ Wife Brenda 6516 Wife Michele Editor

AUCKLAND 4947 WELCH, Roy William

Boyd-Clark, Michael John AUCKLAND ASSOCIATE MEMBER (NRP) 16726E Wife Carolyn LANE, Fred 7750 Chairman NRP Wife Ann Burridge, Peter C Wife Barbara HONORARY MEMBER (AUCKLAND CONT.)

COTTAM, Doris *CLEMENTS, Mel HON Widow Late Terry COTTAM (4346) 110804 Partner Maureen CRISP, Fay Widow Late John CRISP R/Cst. *Cartwright, Peter Anthony HON (8543) F/R? Wife Mary McMANUS, Mona 9583 FREARSON, Craig Widow HARVEY. Mike HON Late Greg McMANUS NRP 6121 Secretary/Treasurer REYNOLDS, John S *P. D. CONTACT HON Wife Bess HOPPER, Dick (RJS) TAURANGA/WAIKATO 5339 (Wife Lyn) CAMPION, Ian T 901239 KAAGMAN, Ron 8690 Wife Deidre Ann NSPO Wife Christina Committee CUNLIFFE-STEEL, Philip J C Wife Myra LEAKEY, Nigel Patrick 6347 8115 Wife Caroline GARLICK, Ian M LLOYD, Leslie Eric 8399/9096 Wife Margie 7703 Committee Wife Myra

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GRAHAM, Wendy E HAWKES BAY WP 147 Husband John 5546/7307 MONEY, Bill (WE) HARRINGTON, Gavin K *P. D. Wife Pat 9567 Wife Annette CONTACT

5872 HART, Winston BJ *P. D. Wife Felicity 9148 TINKER, Kevin James CONTACT Committee SOUTH ISLAND 8648 LEMMER, Dave Michael 9149 & BELL, Kevin Le SUEUR, David H Dave 110972 Wife Lyn Wife Yvonne 5333 8089 CONNOLLY, Tony (*P. D. Wife Sue 6184 OLDKNOW, Red CONTACT) resigned

HON MEMBER TAURANGA/WAIKATO DAVIES, John Owen 5105 Wife Sheila BATT, Helen HON Widow Late Gordon BATT 39) GARDINER, Dorothy Winifred BEACH, Valda ZW 1334 Husband Roderick Alistair Forrest Widow Late Dennis BEACH (5082 HON & F/R 6675) 902749 NS NELSON, Brennan Kerr

WELLINGTON WILTSHIRE, Michael Wife Celia 4857 BAKER, Alan John 7075 Wife Marita HONORARY

BARNETT, John Edward HON ARCHER, Joan 21684 F/R Wife Anne COOPER, Pat ENSLIN, Barry George HON Widow Late Tony COOPER (6381) 5619 Wife Debbie

LAWN, Dave 111050 Wife Tiffany Logan Fraser Doreen Widow of Late Duncan Fraser McCALLUM, Lindsay HON (8215) 4980 Wife Norma PILBROUGH, Carol Widow Late Ron PILBROUGH HON (4757) WARD, Douglas Peter John 8133 Wife Mariana Niehaus MURRAY, Bill 8363 Wife Valerie *P. D.CONTACT * P.D.Contact .... Primary District Contact

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CHAIRMAN’S ANNUAL REPORT 2021 (901239) & Roy Welch (4947) – when he has been allowed to “escape from” his retirement BSAP Regimental Association NZ Branch. village that is - have met on a fairly regular 4th March 2020. Currently, Covid-19, Level 3 basis, joined whenever possible by other Committee members. All we seem to hear Lockdown in the Auckland Region these days is the expression – “due to COVID-19”. Fellow members; I have been honoured with this task for the past couple of years with the The recent postponement of our planned Post New Zealand Branch of the BSAP Regimental Christmas gathering at Valentines Restaurant, Association. For over 40 years now, I have been Wairau Park, Auckland, being a good example. on the NZ Branch Executive, in one role or Health and Safety of all our members attending another, since the establishment of our Branch any Regimental gatherings, is paramount and in fact. cannot be ignored. Our thoughts go out to our more elderly members. Especially those who This past year has been different to previous reside within Retirement Villages, such as ones in that we have been enduring the Maurice Roffey (4623), Dick Hopper (5339) extended campaign against the COVID-19 and many others include Fay Crisp (widow Pandemic. It is almost a year (midnight 25th of John R/Cst. 8543). The current Covid-19 March 2020 to be exact) that we commenced Regulations have seen retirement village our fight against the disease. The NZ residents in particular, locked down for Government National Corona Virus response to extended periods. I do not envy them in the Covid-19 seems to be unending but there is least. light at the end of the tunnel with the start (in this country) of the Vaccine distribution and Even our usual attendance at ANZAC DAY inoculation programme under way. parades and service at Hobsonville Returned Services Association, organised with our The restricted and limited physical contacts, participation as part of the Rhodesian Services with people outside of our immediate Association & RSA was canned due to the household group of people, has been a pain “Lockdown”. I know that on the 25th April last when it comes to trying to set up BSAP year, the Dawn Service was for me (and some functions, for example last year’s AGM (that of our immediate neighbours standing on the we postponed) and other social gatherings. other side of Lake Road, some 30 yards distant) Those that we have enjoyed have been rather meant standing to attention outside our own limited by way of numbers but still enjoyed by front gates. No doubt my experience has been those who were able to attend. repeated by other of our members of our Branch, across New Zealand, to show respect In the main and thanks to our hard working & and to remember all those who gave their lives Honourable Secretary, Mike Harvey (6121), for liberty and freedom. the Executive has had meetings on a fairly regular basis here in Auckland, in an effort to That includes the Rhodesian conflict. keep the Association moving and where You will all be aware that the Rhodesian possible, relevant to you, our Members, Services Association has publicised their scattered as you are around New Zealand. intent to host an ANZAC service at their Museum in Tauranga this year. We have tended to communicate issues for consideration by Email and telephone. The Hopefully it can go ahead and members make Branch Executive, composed of the Chair, Hon. an effort to attend. Remember as members of Sec. (Mike) & Vice Chairman/ Editor ( Paul the BSAP Regimental Association, you are Taylor, 23301B) and our Constitutional each Honorary Members of the Rhd.S. Ass. College Representative, Ron Kaagman

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Your Executive, via Hon. Sec., Mike Harvey, McIntosh-Dona. My sincere thanks to the recognizing that times “they are a changing” Committee and the Executive Team. sent out a Questionnaire to each of you, the Members, seeking your views on where the Peter Burridge (ex 7750), Branch should be going and if in fact we had Chairman reached the end of the road & it was now time New Zealand Branch, to “pack up our kit and caboodle”? Or British South Africa Police maybe, as I have suggested in that Regimental Association. Questionnaire, we need to restructure into becoming a more “informal” local BSAP BRANCH AND DISTRICT MEETINGS Regimental organisation in this country. As our Chairman has already mentioned in his Your Executive has asked you, the Members for report, it has been an extremely difficult year, your thoughts and ideas on “where to now” for almost impossible in fact, to set up our AGM’s our Branch. Unfortunately the response from or Social gatherings during the various stages you the Members has been pathetic!!! To be of lockdown of Covid. However, the Executive generous, I have no doubt that the ongoing Committee has managed a number of impact of the Pandemic, has much to answer for impromptu meetings as lockdowns have and it is also a fact that many social groups, diminished. We held a Lunch get-together at such as bowling clubs etc, have had to close due Valentines on the 12th November 2020, with 11 to lack of interest within their local members and 2 guests (see pictures below) with communities and the “ageing” of the remaining the usual banter and repartee. members. Think about it; respond to the Questionnaire. Having moved back to lockdown 2 we were looking forward to our planned Post-Christmas On a brighter note; The Annual General gathering at Valentines again on Valentine’s Meeting is programmed for this year and it is Day. Unfortunately, we had to postpone given to be held at the Silverdale Community and the restaurant had been booked out and we did RSA Clubrooms at Auckland. Date to be not want to be in such close proximity to so confirmed. Provided we are able to go ahead many people and compromise anyone’s health. and COVID does not again interrupt things, we would like to see a good turnout of Members and partners. In past years, that venue has proved to be satisfactory, and we have enjoyed many very successful social “get together’s”, including the necessary AGM. Make an effort and attend! We look forward to seeing you there!

So, fellow Members, until things are “sorted out” one way or another, your Branch of the BSAP Regimental Association will continue to “struggle on”. The “Kiwi Outpost” will still be produced (thanks in the main to dedication of Paul and his Team) and thanks to all of you who have been contributors to this issue.

I will close now and wish all of you, in this very unsettling time, continued Good Health, Happiness and enjoy the read, courtesy of our Editorial Team, Paul Taylor and Steven

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Top picture: from bottom in clockwise Our two guests at our lunch were Maurice direction:- Roffey’s daughter, Michelle, and Dennis Davidson, ex Major 1 RR Dick Hopper, Peter and Mary Cartwright, Mike Harvey, Peter Burridge, Brenda Taylor, Ron It looks like Mike is urging Dennis to eat his Kaagman, Dennis Davidson (guest)(obscured greens! but visible in next photos), Paul Taylor, Les Lloyd, Roy Welch, Maurice Roffey (sorry to catch you in mid-bite Maurice – it was your daughter Michelle who took the photo!).

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NEWS FROM THE RhSA He is a feature writer for the Britain at War Rhodesian Services Association monthly military history magazine and to date Gerry has had 24 books published. Honouring those who served Rhodesia He has performed copy-editing, proofreading, “They rest from their labours and the memory synopsis and titling work for various of their deeds shall remain” publishers.

Assistant Editor, Jackie Jackson (based in We can look forward to some great stories in California, USA) is going to be sending out the months to come. newsletters by email on a quarterly basis to our whole subscriber list which numbers over Acknowledgement to: 2,000 worldwide Her first edition will be out Hugh Bomford Editor for RhSA (Inc) soon. THE NINETEENTH CENTURY NZ In addition to this, there will be a monthly “LINK” WITH RHODESIAN HISTORY. publication ‘Rhodesian Dispatches’ , by Gerry Or another Colonial “coincidence” van Tonder (based in Derby, UK), which will be sent by email, exclusively to Financial Back in the late 1860’s and early 1870’s, the members. The following is a brief bio for then young & self governing Colony of New Gerry: Zealand (formerly established some 30 years previously on February 6th, 1840, with the Gerry van Tonder was born, raised and signing of the Treaty of Waitangi) was very educated in the then Rhodesia. Gerry joined much a “developing” nation. Intaf in January 1975 before doing his national service in 1976. From 1977 to 1979 he read for Immigration had been continuing at a steady a Bachelor of Administration (Honours) pace since the finding of gold in Otago, Degree at the University of Rhodesia. Coromandel and the West coast in particular. But like every “gold rush” things were not Working in Mt. Darwin through the period of always straight forward. By that time the the Rhodesian War ceasefire liaising with Maori Wars (that took place mainly in the ZANLA guerillas, Gerry was appointed a Upper North Island) were over & unless the returning officer during the 1980 Zimbabwe reader had an interest in late Nineteenth elections. In 1999, Gerry, with his Derby-born Century, New Zealand history, the name Julius wife, Tracey and two children, left Zimbabwe Vogel, is unlikely to ring any bells. to settle in England. Well here I quote from historian Michael Gerry devotes all his spare time and energies to King’s “The Penguin History of New the passion of his life: freelance historical Zealand” (Published 2003) page 228; research and writing, specializing in the military genre, and professional copy-editing “The dominant politician of the era ... and and proofreading. He undertakes military responsible for launching the country on its research commissions, such as requests for most spectacular development phase, was individual service records. He is a Life Member Julius VOGEL, who was Premier twice and of the RhSA and a member of the Colonial Treasurer in six other ministries Commonwealth War Graves Commission between 1869 and 1887. Vogel was a non- (CWGC) Foundation. observant Jew born in London, who came to New Zealand via Australia in 1861 to work as Gerry is the Administrator of the popular a journalist. That same year he co-founded the ‘The Fallen’ Facebook page and has his own (very well-known and respected) Otago Daily website, ‘The Rhodesian Soldier’. Times, the first daily newspaper in the country.

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VOGEL became Treasurer (under then NZ The article’s information, has been much Premier William FOX) (and) In the view of quoted from “Scouting on Two Continents” by his biographer, Raewyn Dalzeil, he made the Frederick BURNHAM and was clearly portfolio ‘the most powerful post in designed by the Auction house, to promote and government... he came into office at a time of ensure a good price for the sale of Frank economic stagnation (and) adopted a bold Vogel’s Medals. According to the Auction expansionist policy with plans to bring house sale details, (which closed at Midnight thousands of assisted immigrants to New on 19 March 2008), this had resulted in the Zealand, to construct roads, railways, bridges anticipated sale price of 1800 Pounds Sterling and telegraph lines, and to purchase (more) being achieved. Note 2. VOGEL is Maori land for European settlement.. His aim mentioned on pages 112/113 of “The History – see page 435 (to) make New Zealand of the BSAP”, Vol.1 – The First Line of “Britain of the South”. Note 1. Dear Reader, Defence 1889-1903, by Peter GIBBS (Pub. think about the massive immigration that has Under the authority of The Commissioner of taken place and the impact it has had, upon our Police, S.F.S. Bristow, BSAP, Salisbury, NZ society, especially upon the Auckland 1972 ). But still more informative and in my Region, over the past 30 odd years. opinion more moving, is the report that appeared in the NEW ZEALAND TIMES, Julius VOGEL (who eventually was Knighted Vol LVI, Issue 2149, 7 March 1894, titled for his efforts), moved back to England as “THE MATABELELAND WAR and THE Agent-General for New Zealand and LATE FRANK VOGEL” eventually retired. (He died 1899). He had three children, the eldest, a son, Francis (Frank) From that newspaper’s Special Correspondent. Leon VOGEL, born October 21st, 1870 here London, January 27 (1894). See - in Auckland, New Zealand. It is this chap https://paperspast.natlib.govt.nz/newspapers. who is the “link” to Rhodesian history. for that report. Another part of the exciting history of the short lived country we all Frank VOGEL, (and I quote here from an enjoyed, Rhodesia. I hope you found it of article published 21/4/2019, in “The Saleroom interest. – the home of art & Antiques auctions)”. (He) was educated at Charter House and after The Late Francis (Frank) Leon VOGEL reaching the 6th Form of that (no doubt very (1870 – 1893) expensive) Public School, went, in 1890, into the London Office of the British South Africa Company. He left England for South Africa on April 4th, 1891 and became a Trooper in the Mashonaland Mounted Police at Tuli.

When his Force was disbanded, in 1892, he went into the Survey Department at Salisbury and subsequently became Acting Assistant- Secretary to Dr L. S. (Starr) JAMESON. The article has extensive information about Frank VOGEL, and his involvement with the BSAP Company Police, his attachment to the fatal PS. If you enjoyed this little snippet of Shangani Patrol and the loss of 34 troopers African/New Zealand history, you might like under the command of Major Alan to consider taking a short course from WILSON. As a member of that ill fated The University of Exeter, via:- expedition, Frank VOGEL and his patrol www.FutureLearn.com. It is entitled “The companions, were all Killed in Action, on Controversies of Imperialism”. A fascinating th December 4 , 1893. topic and one well presented.

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Each of us, as past members of what was once Rhodes had acquired a Royal Charter for the the British Empire (and its Colonies) can British South Africa Company (BSAC) to discuss with other students and the teaching colonise land between the Limpopo and staff, many of the issues presented by the Zambezi rivers in 1889 and although the professors & lecturers, from the aspect of one Company secured wide authority to pass laws, who was actually “involved” in making history. grant land and make treaties, it’s ability to do Not simply from the view point of the so was contingent upon local chiefs conceding academic. the appropriate powers. This detail was largely ignored by the Company and was a source of Even if there are many in today’s, society who great disaffection. would take a very negative attitude towards those of our forebears who participated in that From the beginnings of the occupation of making of history, establishing civilised Matabeleland and Mashonaland by the society, good government, health & welfare BSAC, there was a singular ignorance and systems, effective transport and misunderstanding by the local administrators, communications, commercial enterprises, Law of the grievances, bitterness and resentment & Order and stability throughout much of the of local tribesmen towards the settlers, in World. both parts of the country. Similarly, the importance of religious beliefs and the Under the general description of The British traditions associated with spirit mediums and Empire, I take a more positive attitude to what the ancestral spirits were ignored or unknown. has occurred and like to think that much of what we have by way of civilized society, has been The Ndebele 1893-4 Rebellion as a direct result of the hard work and dedication of those same forebears, throughout The occupation of Mashonaland led to an this period of “modern history “. A time of influx of settlers, prospectors and miners, who progress, industrialisation and nation building. largely skirted Matabeleland to avoid Lobengula’s impis. This avoidance was It is a fact and it is unfortunate that temporary and in July 1893, incidents in the negativity seems too rife in today’s P.C. Fort Victoria area were a catalyst for world and whether others like it or not, you confrontation. When Shona villagers stole cannot change history ! copper telegraph wire, collective fines were imposed in the form of Shona cattle that You must simply look back and observe what Lobengula claimed were his. He sent 2,500 happened, learn from what happened in those warriors to get them back and in July, 1893, previous times, comment on why things may or impis started burning Shona villages, killing may not have occurred. Use those experiences men and women and stealing cattle. The to build upon the earlier foundations to improve subsequent skirmish between Capt. Lendy and today’s society. There is an old saying “Look his mounted horse from Fort Victoria, to restore back on History and see the Future”. order, resulted in the death of about 30 warriors.

Researched and presented by Peter Dr. Leander Starr Jameson (a great friend and Burridge (ex NZP 4458, ex BSAP 7750 and confidante of Cecil Rhodes) became ex NZP 5109, retired). Administrator and was given responsibility by 22 Feb 2021. Rhodes to deal with Lobengula. In mid-July, Jameson gave the orders for several troops of 1ST & 2ND CHIMURENGA & THE POWER mounted horse to be raised to attack Lobengula OF SPIRIT MEDIUMS and his impis. Two separate troops were raised, Paul Taylor one from Salisbury and another from Fort Victoria, totalling 700 men. A number of

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significant battles took place with the Ndebele October,1896 an historic indaba in the Matopos defeated. between an unarmed Rhodes and the senior indunas of the Ndebele brought an end to By late 1893 the rebellion was ending when hostilities. Lobengula burnt his capital, Gubulawayo, and fled with his tribe northwards towards the In Matabeleland, traditional religious beliefs Zambezi river. Major Allan Wilson led a patrol found expression among the Ndebele in of about 40 men in hot pursuit but was attacked ‘M’limo’, the Ndebele oracle and spirit and surrounded by a large force of Ndebele medium. who is a personage of far greater warriors on the Shangani river. The entire power than any chief. ‘M’limo’ was patrol was wiped out, (including Frank Vogel, worshipped at cave sites in the Matopo Hills, referred to in a previous article). Lobengula particularly with prayers for rain, good crops reputedly died of smallpox in early 1894 and and resolving political issues. (In the conflict was over. Mashonaland, similar religious devotion was accorded the deity known as ‘Mwari’.) The site The Ndebele Umvukela, 1896 of the indaba is significant because this area was the location of ‘M’limo, (The ‘M’limo had In Matabeleland, the Ndebele people felt been consulted by the impis during the subdued, not directly in open battle, but by the rebellion for protection from the settler’s destruction of their cattle based economy, by bullets and turn them to water). disease and consequently their way of life. There was bottled up resentment at their The 1st Chimurenga: Risings in treatment, the imposition of hut taxes and the Mashonaland, 1896-8 seizure of land and cattle. This anger boiled over in late March 1896 and in the ensuing Limited resistance to the settler administration weeks over 140 settlers (miners, prospectors, was being carried out in separate, unconnected store-owners) were killed. Panic ensued and a attacks on settlements and mining camps in flight to major centres where defensive laagers central Mashonaland. David Beach in his book were established. “Chimurenga”, says these attacks triggered a ripple effect in which Shona communities By the end of April the position of the settlers resisted or collaborated with the authorities as in the laagers in Bulawayo, Gwelo and the news reached them. Belingwe was precarious and relief from Ndebele attacks was urgently required. The element of religious leadership was limited Fortunately, the Ndebele had no central (although a number of spirit mediums had leadership to co-ordinate the uprising. As a encouraged many chiefs to join the rebellion) result, the shortest route through the Mangwe but there was a significant lack of central pre- Pass to Tati was neglected and supplies could planning. (Note the difference in the 2nd be brought in from Bechuanaland.. Chimurenga in the 60”s and 70”s). Beach surmised that this 1st Chimurenga was a When Rhodes saw a number of troopers of traditionalist rising rather than a proto- Plumer’s column killed at a major engagement nationalist one. against entrenched Ndebele positions, just north of Bulawayo, he became convinced that The BSAC felt it unthinkable that the Shona negotiations with the Ndebele was the only way could have grievances, given the level of forward. This idea was confirmed when large development the BSAC had brought to the forces of Ndebele were holed up in the Matopos country already (order, civilisation and hills with its caves and boulder strewn granite protection from maurauding Ndebele), and kopjes. He was advised it would take a year and indeed any grievances could be considered millions of pounds to wheedle them out, so irrelevant. Unfortunately, the administration negotiations were started. On 13th had little idea of the rich history of Shona

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culture or the traditional religious beliefs and short of cash). The hut tax was resisted by many the role of spirit mediums as the custodians of so became an excuse for Native Commissioners the ancestral spirits, all kept alive by and their police to loot Shona crops and cattle. ‘shamanism’. The history and folklore and glories of the distant past when the Shona were Collective taxation fines sparked enormous rulers of Mwenemutapa, until Mzilikazi and the resentment and was the last in a series of Ndebele arrived in the 1830’s, was a ‘closed grievances that led to the risings. Furthermore, book’ to administrators. The ‘shaman’ or spirit land in Shona society cannot be owned by an mediums were considered mere ’witchdoctors’. individual, but it was apportioned out to the settlers in the form of land grants while the With Mashonaland engulfed by the main indigenous people were herded into reserves. risings in June,1896, and with 103 settlers Sporadic raids and skirmishes continued killed, force was considered the answer to the throughout 1897 and the newly formed BSAP problem. Unlike the Ndebele’s centralised was formed to wrap up remaining pockets of political system, there was no one chief to resistance. The 1st Chimurenga was brought to negotiate a settlement in Mashonaland as each a symbolic end by the execution of two spirit paramount chief collaborated or resisted the mediums, Nehanda and Kaguvi, who were BSAC’s authority as they felt fit. In July 1896, considered to be significant motivators of the Lt.Col Alderson commenced operations against Shona risings, having prompted many chiefs to four paramount chiefs and minor chiefs in support the rebellion. strategic positions. The four chiefs were Makoni, who controlled the road to the east, The 2nd Chimurenga 1965-80 and the Power Mashayamombe, who controlled the road to of the Spirit Mediums Bulawayo and the south and the others being Kunzwi and Mangwende. Political unrest and insurgence had their beginnings in the early days of S. Rhodesia Makoni had cut the telegraph lines to Umtali (in 1923 Rhodesia became a self-governing and threatened the road east. His stockaded Crown Colony). In the 1920’s indigenous settlements were attacked several times and people sought reforms from the administration eventually the fortifications were destroyed by on the way they were being governed. The explosives and Makoni was captured, tried and formation of the Rhodesian Bantu Voters executed. During his trial Alderson reported Association (RBVA) and the Rhodesian Native Makoni said: “It is all very well to call me a Association in the 1920’s were landmark rebel, but the country belonged to me and my events. forefathers long before you came here”. (A common theme running through the A special note should be made here of Martha events of both the 1st and 2nd Chimurengas). Ngano. who was an independence activist (of Xhosa origin) from 1897 to the late 1920’s. The epicentre of the rising was considered to be Mashayamombe’s settlements to the south of She worked hard to expand suffrage for Salisbury. In early October, the hills and caves Africans, criticising the lack of education in the of his stronghold were put under siege by English language, as literacy was a prerequisite Alderson and Capt. Jenner’s troopers and a to vote. She joined the RBVA and became it’s subsequent attack succeeded and general secretary in the late 1920’s. She Mashayamombe was killed. challenged the leadership of drunken and The administration of the BSAC was illiterate chiefs who were not concerned with fundamentally to blame for the uprisings. the welfare of their people. In 1934 the African Compulsory forced labour was levied in National Congress was launched (note: already Mashonaland and in Matabeleland, a hut tax it appears there are a number of different was imposed to finance the administration of factions, presumably with different strategies African affairs (the Company was perennially and tactics for progressing their agendas!).

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After WWII there was a growing restlessness Africa, in Cape Town, in a speech on among black nationalists and the founding of 3 February, 1960: ...“The wind of change is the Black African National Voice Association blowing through this continent, and whether in the 1950’s inspired many up-and-coming we like it or not, this growth of national nationalist leaders, including Joshua Nkomo. consciousness is a political fact. We must all Along with a rise in black nationalism in the accept it as a fact, and our national policies 50’s, there was also a re-awakening of must take account of it “... traditional spiritual influences. In 1951, Nkomo himself, consulted M’limo at his shrine in the White nationalism in S. Rhodesia moved to the Matopo Hills, concerning a national strike. The right in the 50’s and 60’s with the ousting of Sir M’limo advised against it and his advice was Garfield Todd as Prime Minister, (centre-left accepted! politics); followed by Sir Edgar Whitehead (1958-62), (centrist); and in December 1962 In 1957, the Southern Rhodesia African the Rhodesian Front (RF), (right-wing) came to National Congress (SRANC) was formed and power. Winston Field (1963-4) was ousted by it’s stated objective was to gain political power Ian Smith (1964-1979). These changes were in S. Rhodesia by constitutional means, with predicated on the desire of the previous Prime the aim of black majority rule through Ministers to greatly increase adult franchise, negotiation. This in turn to lead to the increase black seats in Parliament, change the immediate abolishment of the Land Land Apportionment Act and improve literacy Apportionment Act and the Land Husbandry for all black schoolchildren leading to a quicker Act, both of which had been imposed on the transition to majority rule. indigenous people. Land was central to economic emancipation and political power. With the election of the RF a picture of more hard line politics emerged. The dissolution of However, it also had a subversive objective of the Federation of Rhodesia and Nyasaland in attaining power by agitation. This became December, 1963 with no Constitutional obvious during the late 50’s and early 60’s with Settlement for independence in sight for a great deal of unrest in the African townships S.Rhodesia, was a great blow to politicians. in the major centres. Considerable damage was This set the country on the path to UDI, caused in the townships to shops, beerhalls, declared on 11 November,1965 and the real community centres and other facilities, beginnings of the 2nd Chimurenga. including schools. Many government structures were also destroyed in rural areas. As a In the meantime the black nationalists drew consequence the SRANC was banned in 1959. encouragement from the official British position (with the British subsequently coining The early 1960’s were a turning point in both the phrase NIBMAR – no independence before black and white political activism. majority rule) and stepped up violence and Transformation was sweeping through Africa intimidation in both urban and rural areas. as the colonial powers got rid of their overseas Furthermore, detailed planning for an armed colonies under the pressure of nationalism, struggle was being developed. Various political some with considerable order while others organisations were created and then banned, showed indiscriminate haste eg. Belgium and political leaders were arrested and sent to the Belgian Congo. These events led to a great restriction camps. However, a number escaped deal of social, economic and political upheaval the net, including James Chikerema (ZAPU) for all parties concerned – both indigenous and Herbert Chitepo (ZANU). These two people and settlers. crossed into Zambia and sought support from other African nations and communist- oriented The warning of these impending changes had countries eg. Russia (ZAPU), China (ZANU) been made by Sir Harold Macmillan, Prime and (GDR). Frelimo was a great supporter of Minister of Britain, to the Parliament of South ZANU too. Chitepo is considered a major

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architect of the 2nd Chimurenga and messages not superstition because the African believed on policy and proposed military operations implicitly in the power of the spirits to control were smuggled from the detainees to his life on earth. (He may even choose to die if Chikerema and Chitepo in Zambia. Initially he /she believes they have been cursed!). sporadic raids and infiltrations were made by Consequently in each stage of ZANLA’s (the ZAPU in the NW and by ZANU in the N and armed wing of ZANU) advance into the TTL’s, NE. care was taken to ensure that traditions were observed and the blessings of the spirit The formal start of the second Chimurenga was guardians of the land were obtained. When in April 1966 when a ZANU group was Chikerema sent his first group of terrorists involved in the Battle of Sinoia. This group was across the Zambezi river in the NW sector, he Chitepo’s first major attempt at the armed held a traditional ceremony and called upon the struggle. Raids and infiltration into the rural ancestral spirits to bless the operation. areas were greatly assisted by short-sighted policies of the RF, in particular the Ministry of These contacts by the nationalists and the Internal Affairs, which had created huge terrorists with the spirit mediums was critical to disaffection. the conduct of the Bush War. The Rhodesians did not adequately understand the importance The power and position of chieftainship had of traditional African religion and the peoples been seriously eroded and successive respect for the ancestral spirits until it was too governments watered down the roles of spirit late. A few did and tried to sway authorities mediums in electing and installing traditional with the evidence but much of it fell on deaf leaders. The religious and cultural significance ears. Some ZANLA guerillas were so previously attached to the institution of convinced of the power of the spirit mediums, chieftainship was ignored with traditional they even approached Dzivaguru, a powerful chiefs becaming mere government agents to spirit medium living in the Mukumbura TTL control their people in the Tribal Trust Lands for ‘muti’ to make them invisible to the (TTL’s). With the power of traditional leaders Security Forces! and spirit mediums compromised, heavy handed tactics used by Ministry officials to On 11 November 1972, a group of terrorists control farming activities, it is no wonder the contacted a medium of the spirit of Mbuya rural population became easily politicised. Nehanda, the great grandmother of the northern Those who chose not to be were branded ‘sell- Shona, and took her to safety in Mozambique. outs’ and were beaten, mutilated or shot. She was the daughter of Mutota who was a Shona king who ruled Mwenemutapa in the These were ideal conditions for the armed 15th century. Pondayi, the medium of struggle. Significant caches of arms and Chihwahwa, who was responsible for the ammunition were being portaged into the TTL’s ZANLA guerilla penetration of Mount Darwin in the N and NE sectors (code-named after the through Mzarabani, moved safely into spirit mediums Nehanda and Chamunuka by Mozambique at about the same time. ZANU Chitepo) along with a flood of young men and acknowledged the enormous power of women going in the opposite direction to join Nehanda’s spirit within a wide geographical the armed struggle (some were abducted, but range – Mt Darwin, Sipolilo, Mtoko, Mrewa, many went willingly – an example of the Goromonzi, Shamva, Bindura, Concession, politicisation and to some extent the Hartley and Karoi. By association with intimidation that was taking place). Mabvudzi, Nehanda’s son-in-law, her influence extended over an even wider area, including This phase of ZANU operations had been given Buhera, Wedza, Charter and Sinoia. Nehanda the official blessing of important spirits also had an association with a spirit named (vadzimu) or guardian spirits (mhondoro) Nyakasikana, which meant an even greater through their spirit mediums (svikiro). This was sphere of power, extending east to Umtali.

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The influence of the power of the spirit • ‘The Pioneer Corps’ by Robert Cary (1975) mediums enabled ZANLA forces to infiltrate • Wikipedia.org – various articles referencing and control virtually all the TTL’s of the N, NE, Rhodesia and its Fall • ‘With the Mounted Infantry and the MFF 1896’ the Eastern Districts and the SE with ZIPRA by E A H Alderson, Rhodesiana Reprint Library, attacking in the West. The collapse of the Vol . 20 ( 1971) Portuguese regime in 1974/5 in Mozambique and the assistance provided by Frelimo, enabled the terrorists to take a stranglehold TRYING TO RE-WRITE HISTORY along the entire north-eastern and eastern Paul Taylor borders. The letter (below) is a response from Oxford By 1977/8, the Security Forces were stretched University to black students attending as and thin on the ground. Intelligence suggested Rhodes Scholars who demand the university there were between 15-25,000 trained terrorists removes the statue of Oxford Benefactor, Cecil waiting to infiltrate the borders. External raids Rhodes. Interestingly, Chris Patten (Lord of training camps in Zambia and Mozambique Patten of Barnes), The Chancellor of Oxford killed many potential terrorists and were a great University, was on the Today Programme on morale boost to Rhodesians. However, BBC Radio 4 on precisely the same topic. The unsuccessful talks with nationalists and even Daily Telegraph headline yesterday was Henry Kissinger, had been going on since 1975. "Oxford will not rewrite history".

It was when Prime Minister Vorster of S.Africa Lord Patten commented: “Education is not told Ian Smith he would cut oil and ammunition indoctrination. Our history is not a blank supplies that a settlement plan had to be drawn page on which we can write our own version up and in June1979 Rhodesia ceased to exist of what it should have been according to our and Zimbabwe Rhodesia came into being. This contemporary views and prejudice.” unrecognised state lasted to December 1979 when it reverted to a British Colony. The "Dear Scrotty Students, Cecil Rhodes's Lancaster House agreement between the generous bequest has contributed greatly to the protagonists finally settled the rebellion of the comfort and well-being of many generations of Rhodesians and the country became an Oxford students - a good many of them, dare independent Zimbabwe on 18 April 1980 with we say it, better, brighter and more deserving great fanfare and high hopes for the future. than you. This does not necessarily mean we approve of everything Rhodes did in his Indeed, the Bush War was a brutal state of lifetime - but then we don't have to. Cecil affairs but tragically the corruption, nepotism, Rhodes died over a century ago. Autres temps, theft, incompetence and total mismanagement autres moeurs. of the country by the ZANU/PF government has left the people in an even more brutal state If you don't understand what this means - and it than could ever have been imagined. would not remotely surprise us if that were the case - then we really think you should ask yourself the question: "Why am I at Oxford?" ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS: Grateful thanks are made to a number of Oxford, let us remind you, is the world's second authors from whom references and quotations oldest extant university. Scholars have been th were made. studying here since at least the 11 century. • ‘A Brutal State of Affairs’ by Henrik Ellert and We've played a major part in the invention of Dennis Anderson, (2020) Western civilisation, from the 12th century • ‘A History of Rhodesia’ by Robert Blake (1977) intellectual renaissance through the • ‘Gold Fever’ by Skipper Hoste (1977) Enlightenment and beyond. Our alumni include • ‘Rhodesia 1890-1970’ Eighty Years Onwards, by William of Ockham, Roger Bacon, William W D Gale (1970)

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Tyndale, John Donne, Sir Walter Raleigh, You may be black - "BME" as the grisly Erasmus, Sir Christopher Wren, William Penn, modern terminology has it - but we are colour Rep. Adam Smith (D-WA), Samuel Johnson, blind. We have been educating gifted Robert Hooke, William Morris, Oscar Wilde, undergraduates from our former colonies, our Emily Davison, Cardinal Newman, ex- Empire, our Commonwealth and beyond for President Bill Clinton, Julie Cocks. We're a big many generations. We do not discriminate over deal. And most of the people privileged to come sex, race, colour or creed. We do, however, and study here are conscious of what a big deal discriminate according to intellect. That means, we are. inter alia, that when our undergrads or postgrads come up with fatuous ideas, we don't Oxford is their alma mater - their dear mother - pat them on the back, give them a red rosette and they respect and revere her accordingly. and say: "Ooh, you're black and you come from And what were your ancestors doing in that South Africa. What a clever chap you are! period? Living in mud huts, mainly. Sure we'll concede you the short lived Southern African No. We prefer to see the quality of those ideas civilisation of Great Zimbabwe. But let's be tested in the crucible of public debate. That's brutally honest here. The contribution of the another key part of the Oxford intellectual Bantu tribes to modern civilisation has been as tradition you see: you can argue any damn thing near as damn it to zilch. you like but you need to be able to justify it with facts and logic - otherwise your idea is You'll probably say that's "racist". But it's what worthless. we here at Oxford prefer to call "true." Perhaps the rules are different at other This ludicrous notion you have that a bronze universities. In fact, we know things are statue of Cecil Rhodes should be removed from different at other universities. We've watched Oriel College, because it's symbolic of with horror at what has been happening across "institutional racism" and "white slavery". the pond from the University of Missouri to the University of Virginia and even to revered Well even if it is – which we dispute - so bloody institutions like Harvard and Yale: the "safe what? Any undergraduate so feeble-minded spaces"; the “black lives matter”; the creeping that they can't pass a bronze statue without cultural relativism; the stifling political having their "safe space" violated really does correctness; what Allan Bloom rightly called not deserve to be here. And besides, if we were "the closing of the American mind". At Oxford to remove Rhodes's statue on the premise that however, we will always prefer facts and free, his life wasn't blemish-free, where would we open debate to petty grievance-mongering, stop? As one of our alumni Dan Hannan has identity politics and empty sloganeering. The pointed out, Oriel's other benefactors include day we cease to do so is the day we lose the two kings so awful - Edward II and Charles I - right to call ourselves the world's greatest that their subjects had them killed. university. The college opposite - Christ Church - was built Of course, you are perfectly within your rights by a murderous, thieving bully who bumped off to squander your time at Oxford on silly, two of his wives. Thomas Jefferson kept slaves: vexatious, single-issue political campaigns. does that invalidate the US Constitution? (Though it does make us wonder how stringent Winston Churchill had unenlightened views the vetting procedure is these days for Rhodes about Muslims and India: was he then the scholarships and even more so, for Mandela wrong man to lead Britain in the war?" Rhodes scholarships) We are well used to seeing undergraduates – or, in your case - Actually, we'll go further than that. Your postgraduates, making idiots of themselves. Rhodes Must Fall campaign is not merely Just don't expect us to indulge your idiocy, let fatuous but ugly, vandalistic and dangerous. We alone genuflect before it. agree with Oxford historian RW Johnson that

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what you are trying to do here is no different Recently, the war against historic monuments from what ISIS and the Al-Qaeda have been has resulted in the beheading of the bust of doing to artefacts in places like Mali and Syria. Cecil John Rhodes at Rhodes Memorial on the You are murdering history. slopes of Devil’s Peak on the northern slopes of Table Mountain in Cape Town, just above the And who are you, anyway, to be lecturing University of Cape Town. This criminal act was Oxford University on how it should order its perpetrated by politically misguided students at affairs? Your ?#?rhodesmustfall campaign, we the University who claimed that Rhodes was a understand, originates in South Africa and was ‘racist’ and an ‘ímperialist’. initiated by a black activist who told one of his lecturers "whites have to be killed". They have demonstrated publicly their ignorance of what Rhodes achieved and what One of you - Sizwe Mpofu-Walsh - is the he stood for. Several of his quotes help to privileged son of a rich politician and a member illustrate this: of a party whose slogan is "Kill the Boer; Kill the Farmer"; another of you, Ntokozo Qwabe, “Equal rights for all civilised men” and “I who is only in Oxford as a beneficiary of a could never accept the position that we Rhodes scholarship, has boasted about the need should disqualify a human being on account for "socially conscious black students" to of his colour”. "dominate white universities, and do so ruthlessly and decisively! The Matabele greatly respected Rhodes and honoured him at his funeral in 1902 with the Great. That's just what Oxford University royal salute ‘BAYETE’ and for over 80 years needs. Some cultural enrichment from the land posted guards at his grave site on Worlds View. of Winnie Mandela, burning tyre necklaces, an In 2012 when political vandals from ZANU-PF AIDS epidemic almost entirely the result of wanted to exhume his remains, the local Chief government indifference and ignorance, one of forbade it! Nelson Mandela, at a speech at the world's highest per capita murder rates, Rhodes University, in 2002, a century after institutionalised corruption, tribal politics, anti- Rhodes’ death, Mandela emphasised the need white racism and a collapsing economy. Please to “honour... and respect those who have name which of the above items you think will worked to build our country”. enhance the lives of the 22,000 students studying here at Oxford. His legacy is demonstrated in many ways - from the donation of land and buildings to the And then please explain what it is that makes people of S. Africa; funds for the University of your attention grabbing campaign to remove a Cape Town; an educational legacy worldwide listed statue from an Oxford college more through the establishment of Rhodes urgent, more deserving than the desire of Scholarships; advocacy of greater self- probably at least 20,000 of those 22,000 government for members of the British Empire; students to enjoy their time here unencumbered an advocate for world peace by student by the irritation of spoilt, ungrateful little exchanges including students from Germany tossers on scholarships they clearly don't merit and the USA. using racial politics and cheap guilt-tripping to ruin the life and fabric of our beloved This is a battle over history. It is a war university. against civilisation, the rule of law and education itself. Understand us and understand this clearly: you have everything to learn from us; we have HISTORY OF INFLUENZA/ nothing to learn from you”. RESPIRATORY PANDEMICS : 20TH & 21ST CENTURIES Yours, Oriel College, Oxford Paul Taylor

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An influenza pandemic is a global outbreak 1918-19 PANDEMIC of a new influenza A virus that is very different from current and recently The 1918 influenza pandemic (or “Spanish circulating seasonal influenza A viruses. ‘Flu”) was the most severe pandemic in recent history. It has been called “The Mother of all Influenza viruses are constantly changing, Pandemics”. It was caused by an H1N1 making it possible on very rare occasions for influenza A virus with genes of avian origin. non-human influenza. Pandemics happen when Although there is not universal consensus new (novel) influenza A viruses emerge which regarding its origin, it spread worldwide more are able to infect people easily and spread from or less simultaneously in 3 distinct waves in person to person in an efficient and sustained Europe, Asia and N. America during 1918-19. way. Because the virus is new to humans, very few people will have immunity against the In the USA it was first identified amongst pandemic virus, and a vaccine may not be military personnel in March (spring) of 1918 widely available. and then spread in the autumn and winter of 1918-19 with increasing severity. This The new virus will make a lot of people sick pandemic and it’s relatively unknown origins very quickly. How sick people get will depend remains an ominous warning to public health. on the characteristics of the virus, whether or It is estimated that about 500 million people or not people have any immunity to that virus, and one-third of the world’s population at that time the health and age of the person being infected. became infected with this virus. Note: when an epidemic spreads beyond a country’s borders, that’s when the disease The number of deaths was estimated to be at officially becomes a pandemic. least 50 million worldwide (or 10% of those infected) (and arguably as high as 100 million) 1889-1890 PANDEMIC with about 675,000 in the USA. Mortality was very high in people younger than 5 years old The 1889 (Russian ‘Flu) pandemic started in and 20-40 years old, and relatively higher than Siberia and Kazakhstan, spread to Moscow, previous in those 65 years and over. The high killed half the population of St.Petersburg and mortality in healthy people, including those in made its way into Finland. From there to the 20-40 year age group, was a unique feature Poland from where it moved into the rest of of this pandemic. Europe. By the following year (1890), it had crossed the ocean to North America and Africa. While the 1918 H1N1 virus has been synthesised and evaluated, the properties that The speed with which it crossed the Atlantic made it so devastating are not well understood. surprised the Americans because they had With no vaccine to protect against influenza shown little concern about its origins or it’s infection and no antibiotics to treat secondary advance, presumably thinking an ocean was a bacterial infections that can be associated with barrier! This pandemic quickly spread around influenza infections, control efforts worldwide the world in successive waves. It took only 4 were limited to non-pharmaceutical months to hit every part of the globe. More than interventions, such as isolation, quarantine, a million people died out of a global population good personal hygiene, use of disinfectants, of 1.5 billion in the first wave. New York City and limitations on public gatherings, many of was the hardest hit of American cities with over which were applied unevenly. 2500 deaths. The Russian flu was in part a consequence of a newly globalised world. (These actions and limitations sound Railroads and transoceanic steamships were remarkably similar to those taken in perfect conduits for the disease, accelerating response to the worldwide Covid-19 it’s growth across countries and continents. pandemic, a hundred years later!)

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Another eerily similar aspect of the 1918 and in the coastal cities of the USA in the Spanish flu to the current Covid-19 pandemic summer of 1957. Virology research indicated is the speed at which fantastic cure-alls and the virus alone, without bacterial co-invaders, conspiracy theories were/are generated and was lethal. The estimated number of deaths spread. Back in 1890 and 1918, very little was was 1.1 million worldwide and 116,000 in the understood about the disease or the causes of its USA. Many deaths were related to underlying spread and so this gap was filled with crazy chronic disease of the heart or lungs, although theories about its cause that ranged from deaths of previously healthy persons were not telegraph poles, electricity to stardust passing uncommon. through the earth’s atmosphere, bird migrations and volcanic dust! Compare this to today’s Vaccination proved effective although it was recommendations about herbal teas, colloidal found that more vaccine was required to initiate silver and hydroxychloroquine. a primary antibody response than with earlier H1 vaccines. Divided doses given at intervals The end of the pandemic occurred because the of less than 4 weeks were more beneficial than virus circulated around the globe, infecting a single injection. The end of the Asian (H2N2) enough people that the world population no virus was largely attributed to the increase in longer had enough susceptible people in order inhibition antibody levels in the community or for the strain to become a pandemic once again. to a change in the intrinsic virulence of the virus When you get enough people who get (or both). This virus had a relatively short immunity, the infection will gradually die out survival period in the human population and because it’s harder for the virus to find disappeared only 11 years after its arrival. It susceptible hosts. With fewer susceptible was supplanted by the Hong Kong (H3N2) people out and about and mingling, there was subtype. nowhere for the virus to go – the populace had developed a “herd immunity”. 1968-70 PANDEMIC

The end of the 1918 pandemic wasn’t, however, As in 1957, a new influenza pandemic arose in just the result of so many people catching it that Southeast Asia, the Hong Kong flu (H3N2) - immunity became widespread. Social Hong Kong appeared to be the site of the latest distancing was also key. Public health advice epidemic. As this epidemic progressed on curbing the spread of the virus was no throughout Asia, important differences different to a hundred years later. Citizens were appeared in the pattern of illness and death. In encouraged to stay healthy through campaigns the USA there were high illness and death rates promoting mask-wearing, frequent hand- when it was introduced to the West Coast but in washing, quarantining and isolating of W. Europe (including UK) increased illness patients. The closure of schools, public occurred in the absence of increased death rates spaces and non-essential businesses were all during 1968-69 but rising death rates occurred steps designed to cut off routes for the virus’ in 1970. Globally about one million died, and spread. in the USA about 34,000. Most of these deaths were in people aged 65 and over. It died out in 1957-58 (1960) PANDEMIC the winter of 1969-70 but the H3N2 virus is still around. In February 1957 a new influenza A (H2N2) virus emerged in East Asia (“Asian Flu”), Since the Hong Kong virus differed from its triggering a new pandemic. This H2N2 virus antecedent Asian virus by its (H3) HA antigen was composed of three different genes from an (probably caused by antigenic drift) but had existing H2N2 virus that originated from an retained the same (N2) NA antigen, it was avian influenza A virus. It was first reported in speculated that its more sporadic and variable Singapore in February 1957, Hong Kong in impact in different parts of the world were due April 1957 (250,000 infected in a few weeks) to differing levels of prior N2 immunity.

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3 Pandemics occurred in the 20th Century, all of highly pathogenic strain of 2004. Evolution of them caused by antigenic drift in influenza A the strains created the Z genotype, the dominant strains. strain of the 2004 virus. It emerged in January 2004 in Vietnam and Thailand’s poultry 2002-04 PANDEMIC (non Influenza) industries, which were decimated, and in weeks had spread to many parts of Asia, including Also known as SARS (Severe Acute Indonesia, China, Japan and S.Korea Respiratory Syndrome) – a viral, contagious and sometimes fatal respiratory illness caused In October 2004 the virus was found to be far by a SARS associated novel coronavirus: more dangerous because waterfowl were SARS-CoV-1. Coronaviruses are a large and directly spreading the highly pathogenic H5N1 diverse family of viruses which include viruses to chickens, crows, pigeons and other birds, known to cause illness in humans (including including migratory ones, as well as mammals. SARS and the common cold) and animals. The Over 140 million birds were slaughtered to try ‘novel’ part of the description is important in to ring-fence the virus but there was a slow, but that no one has been exposed to this specific steady transmission to humans. virus before, meaning no one has built up immunity to it. During 2005, 2006 and 2007 there was an inexorable worldwide migration of H5N1, with SARS first appeared in S.China in late 2002. It the apparent exception of N.America, although quickly spread worldwide but was quite an H5N2 (not H5N1 bird flu) emerged in Texas. quickly contained. Over 8,000 people from 29 Altogether, cases have been recorded in over 60 different countries and territories were infected countries. and at least 774 died worldwide. The major part of the outbreak lasted 8 months but cases were Globally from January 2003 to February 2021 reported till May 2004. In the USA only 8 cases there have been 862 cases of human infection were reported – all these cases had travelled to with avian influenza A (H5N1) virus reported other parts of the world where SARS was from 17 countries. There have been a number spreading. of deaths worldwide reported from several mutated sub-types of the virus eg.(H5N6), The main way that the SARS virus seems to (H5N8). spread is by close person-to-person contact eg. living with someone with SARS or having 2009-10 PANDEMIC direct contact with respiratory secretions or body fluids like kissing, hugging, sharing A new flu virus emerged in the spring of 2009 eating or drinking utensils. The virus that in the USA. It was a novel influenza A (H1N1) causes SARS is thought to be transmitted most virus and designated (H1N1)pdm09 and readily by respiratory droplets (droplet spread) thought to be of swine origin (therefore produced when an infected person coughs or sometimes called ‘Swine flu’). It spread sneezes. Another possible method of quickly across the USA and the world (later transmission may be by air (airborne spread) research suggests the origin was in SE Mexico). eg. in ventilation systems. This virus contained a unique combination of 2004-07 BIRD FLU INFLUENZA influenza genes not previously identified in animals or people, (researchers discovered that There was a global spread of a highly the virus responsible was a mix of one pathogenic (H5N1)virus. It is a fast mutating N.American swine virus that had jumped avian influenza virus A (HPAI) found in between birds, humans and pigs and a second multiple bird species. Eurasian swine virus, that had circulated for H5N1 caused flu outbreaks in 1959 and 1991 more than 10 years in pigs in Mexico before but these strains were very different from the jumping into humans). Consequently, few

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young people had any existing immunity (as many deaths. Cases are still being recorded in detected by antibody response) to this virus, 2020, whereas nearly one-third of people over 60 (A zoonotic disease event is any disease or years old had antibodies against this virus, infection transmissable from vertebrate animals likely from exposure to an older H1N1 virus or insects to humans eg, rabies, anthrax, west earlier in their lives. nile virus, zoonotic malaria.)

Since this new virus was very different from 2020- ? PANDEMIC (non Influenza) circulating H1N1 viruses, vaccination with seasonal flu vaccines offered little cross The Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is protection against the (H1N1)pdm09 virus. defined as an illness caused by a novel Large scale production of a vaccine were only coronavirus called severe acute respiratory available from late November 2009, by which syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV2: time, the peak of the second wave of the illness formerly called 2019-nCoV), which was first in the USA had come and gone. CDC estimates identified amid an outbreak of respiratory worldwide about 284,000 deaths from about 1 illness cases in Wuhan City, Hubei Province, billion cases with about 80% of these in people China. It is thought this virus originated in a younger than 65 years of age. This differs wet market in Wuhan and came from bats with greatly from typical seasonal influenza the virus making the jump to humans. epidemics, during which about 80% of deaths are estimated to occur in people 65 years and Although scientists now know quite a bit about older. In August 2010 WHO declared an end to the novel coronavirus causing Covid-19, that this pandemic. However, (H1N1)pdm09 virus hasn’t stopped speculation about its origins, as continues to circulate as a seasonal flu virus, per 1897 and 1918 pandemics and the and cause illness, hospitalisations, and deaths speculation that swirled around these worldwide every year. outbreaks. One prominent conspiracy theory is that the virus was deliberately bio-engineered 2012-14 PANDEMIC (non Influenza) in a lab in China to cause the pandemic. Depending on which theory you believe, the MERS or Middle East Respiratory culprits behind Covid-19 range from the Syndrome was first reported in Jeddah, Saudi Chinese govt. to the US govt. to Microsoft Arabia in 2012 and quickly spread to the rest of co-founder Bill Gates! the Arabian Peninsula and the Middle East. This virus is a novel coronavirus (MERS-CoV) Covid-19 is not influenza, although it behaves viral respiratory illness. MERS-CoV is a in some like it was flu. It is, instead, more zoonotic virus that has repeatedly entered the accurately called a highly contagious viral human population in the Middle East via direct pneumonia. In mild cases it results in few if any and indirect contact with infected dromedary symptoms, such as cough and mild fever. In camels, or their raw products. Person-to-person severe cases it results in life threatening transmission is known to occur, particularly in pneumonia that can be fatal, particularly in healthcare settings. elderly, immuno-compromised and individuals with underlying medical conditions (co- Globally, there have been more than 2,400 morbidities) eg. heart disease, lung disease and cases with about 800 deaths. The risk increases diabetes. if an individual has co-morbidities or a weakened immune system. Around 65% of The outbreak was communicated by the cases are males and the age group most affected Chinese authorities to WHO at the end of are the 40-50 year olds. The disease spread to a January 2019 (although it is believed the number of countries in Europe, SE.Asia, China outbreak occurred several months earlier). A and in particular S.Korea where there were month later WHO declared a global health

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emergency and on 11 March 2020 it declared of the river facing the Police post They were Covid-19 a global pandemic. heavily armed with 82mm mortars, B10 cannon and heavy machine guns. The non-pharmaceutical interventions and Unfortunately, during a bit of a party, shots protocols have been implemented were fired at the ZIPRA forces and they worldwide, albeit rather unevenly, resulting in returned fire with mortars, cannon and heavy some countries being able to control the spread machine guns for 16 hours and completely of the virus, being assisted/impeded in part by flattened the Police post. All the Security geographic, infrasructural and technological Forces hunkered down in the two bunkers and factors. appraised Maj.Price (who was i/c Sub-JOC. Victoria Falls) of the situation. Wishing to An alarming aspect of this virus is its ability to avoid an international incident a rescue team of mutate so quickly, at least 3 different strains two armoured cars was initiated at first light. have been identified stemming from the The rescue was successfully achieved. No original virus. Once again, science and casualties but flying shrapnel had caused a few technology has been able to produce the flesh wounds to several members of the forces vaccines to curb this pandemic with a number at the Police post. now on the market and being distributed to those communities most in need. By Mike Harvey (6121) I was appointed Member i/c (Victoria Falls) a year or so after To date, (March 2021) global cases are 116 this incident and decided to visit the Police million and global deaths 2.6 million. Deaths Pioneers who were building a new post about a have now surpassed both the Asian flu and kilometre from the river and the old Police the Hong Kong flu combined. station. Accompanied by my 2 i/c Insp. John Tedford, we drove out there in a mine protected ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS: Land Rover, very conscious of landmines! We • CDC (Centers for Disease Control and Prevention) parked near the bomb shelters and walked Publications – including around to get a sense of the damage. • Dr J.K. Taubenberger and Dr. D.M. Morens “1918 Influenza: The Mother of all Pandemics”. • E.D. Kilbourne Influenza “Pandemics of the 20th There were a number of unexploded rockets Century”. buried in the ground around the damaged • Center for the History of Medicine .... J. Alexander buildings. We heard the sound of mortars firing Navarro et al from across the river closely followed by • WHO Organisation: Avian Influenza Weekly explosions around us. Needless to say, we Update No. 781 February 2021 availed ourselves of the relative safety of the • www. forbes.com ...... Alex Knapp “Covid 89”. bomb shelters. As mortars and B10 rockets • www. history.com/news/pandemics • www. Medscape.com rained down we decided it was time to leave, sprinted for the vehicle and beat a hasty retreat. “I WAS THERE” The event was watched with interest by the Several short stories of interest and humour. Pioneers from their new site! The enemy claimed they had been attacked by a large 1. Events in Kazungula Note: Summary of group of Rhodesian forces!! Ho Ho verbal account to Hennie Wessels, Journalist and Author: Maj.Don Price, (ex-RLI, Selous 2. The Schools Unit in the Field by Peter Scouts, 1(Indep)Coy RR) recounted an attack Cartwright (Field Reservist) on the Kazangula Police post, about 60 km We were deployed in the Hurricane & Repulse upstream from Victoria Falls in October 1976. sectors as Bright Lights on outlying farms, The Police post was a white colonial building, guards on bridges, culverts, fuel dumps, constructed around 1964, on the north facing electrical relay boxes, road blocks & convoy banks of the Zambezi river. ZIPRA and escorts. I experienced all of these between 1975 Zambian forces had dug trenches on their side & 1982 & outline some of the events. As the

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adage has it, "The pen is mightier than the this day the local farmer is blissfully unaware sword," but I not infrequently had occasion to that he was within a hair's breadth of becoming wonder ! the reluctant owner of an unexpected * Guarding workers building the fence on the oversupply of mutton. The rustlings in the dark Mozambique border somewhere near where the were those of a small herd of sheep in the tall Mazoe flows into the Zambezi. Our camp, call grass. sign DA (DeltaAlpha) received a few mortar bombs one evening while men were showering * Perhaps my final call-up required that my under buckets hung from a tree. The event was stick guard a voting station somewhere in the enlivened by the sight of several 'streakers' bush outside Salisbury in the farcical election frantically seeking the safety of the nearest slit held to satisfy the intellectuals of the Lancaster trench callously cheered on in their athleticism House ‘agreement’. Virtually all of those by more sheltered colleagues. coming to vote had never done so before & so kept approaching me & my colleagues, the * An event to concentrate the mind was the ‘armed and camouflaged racists’ that we clearing of the nearby airstrip of landmines to obviously were, to ask what to do. Some had to welcome an incoming Dakota load of troops. It be shown how to hold a pencil. Most had to be fell to my stick for us to take turns to drive an told (but not advised!) to choose one of the Eland up & down the landing strip to detonate many symbols + a face to indicate a party, if any mines. We were very happy to report that they knew what that was. There was no box or there weren't any! symbol and face for the Rhodesian Front. Many a time I was brought a voting paper & asked, * Convoy Escorts: Code Blue was Ft.Vic to “Where is Boss Smith ?” “Sic transit gloria Beit Bridge, and Code Yellow the other way. mundi !” (Thus passes worldly glory) My stick drove the Green escorts, some to precede the convoys to clear obstructions, some 3. The Joys of Special Branch Duties by to follow to support as necessary & assist any Pictured are the results of a land mine incident vehicles that had to dropout or couldn't keep up. on my unprotected Land Rover. I was driving it The Lion & Elephant was a most welcome & with my very good friend and colleague sometimes exuberantly enjoyed stop & Det/Sergeant Chirambadari when on Special watering point on the way. In the days before Branch duties on the NE border of Rhodesia at convoys, first time travellers coming north & a place called Mukumbura. During this early unaware of the facilities of the L & E just ahead morning patrol on the 20 July 1972, we hit a sometimes stopped for refreshment at a small land mine which had been boosted with blocks group of buildings on the southern side of the of TNT. Bubye River. Their facilities were, at best, basic, so the stop came to be known as the As I was the driver and hanging onto the Booby Trap. steering wheel, I fortunately managed to get away with superficial injuries to the back of my * On patrol at a border station close to head and legs as it was a left back wheel Mozambique in the Eastern Districts we were detonation. However, Chirambadari was not so returning rather later than we liked in the fast fortunate as he had suffered more serious injury fading twilight of a tropical evening. Suddenly and ultimately had to be casavaced by we became uncomfortably aware of ominous helicopter to hospital. rustlings in the grass at the side of the track. Stalwart warriors that we were we immediately He had been blown out of the vehicle by the assumed the very lowest of possible low blast that launched us into space, which at the profiles in a convenient ditch. The rustlings same time turned the vehicle in the air before it continued. We steeled ourselves & tightened hit the ground much further up the track from our grips, our trusty FNs at the ready & the point of detonation. tremulously awaited the presumed ambush. To

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I managed to drag and half carry my Sergeant to the Portuguese Border Post which was a few hundred metres away, and we were able to get the military details stationed there to notify the BSAP Police Post on the Rhodesian side of the border. We had just crossed the river to the Mozambique side and were actually in no- mans-land.

At that time I was the Special Branch Det/Inspector at Bindura (MazoeValley) and Chirambadari and I were the first BSAP details to hit a Landmine. During those days I spent more time in Mozambique with the Portuguese Briefing the Top Brass at the start of than I did in Rhodesia and they were extremely Operation Hurricane – early 1973 interesting times. Left to right: Air Marshal Mick McLaren, President Dupont, (Self), Peter Begg SB, BSAP Commissioner Sid Bristow, Army Commander Keith Coster

Winston Hart (5872)

4.“Early Days” by Roy Welch (4947) On application to join the BSAP at Rhodesia House in early 1952; a requirement by Rhodesia House was to get my “Small Pox” vaccination and report to the Medical Chambers in London. In the Chamber’s court yard I was met by a smartly dressed young African doctor in a black coat, vest and pin- striped trousers and wearing a Trilby hat.

The young doctor introduced himself as Hastings Banda and said to me, “you are going to a wonderful country young man!” In the medical centre I bared my arm and Dr Banda

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picked up a small bamboo tube and darted the He wore a black toga and straw hat and spoke vaccination into my upper arm, an alarming of what he stood for in the area and its historical experience to say the least! My first experience background. (Photo from NADA). of a man who was to become the Prime Minister of Nyasaland after the break-up of the Federation of Rhodesia and Nyasaland in December 1963 and subsequently the President of Malawi on 6 July 1964.

In 1957, Her Majesty Queen Elizabeth the Queen Mother and Honorary Commissioner of the British South Africa Police was on her Royal visit to Rhodesia. Myself and Dusty Binns were her close security, following directly behind her Royal car, with police motor cycle escort.

We left Government house, with the usual pomp and ceremony, through to Salisbury’s New Sarum, the Royal Southern Rhodesia Airforce’s Base. In front, the Royal car suddenly braked, as we approached the traffic lights and shopping centre in Hatfield. Dusty immediately braked to a stop, and in the process gave the Royal car’s bumper a friendly nudge. (No damage.) Kupara – Mhondoro of Mutota, holding the ancestral Svimbo Our gracious Queen Mother immediately turned around at our intrusion and smiled at us The people of Mutota were a Karanga tribe and gave her friendly courtesy Royal wave. whose ancestors had come down from Embarrassing, but a typically charming Tanganyika and settled in what was Guruuswa response from the Queen Mother. We we’re (Shona speakers), between the Zambezi and soon on our way again to the Airforce Base, Limpopo rivers. none the worse for wear. The Mwene-mutapa (Monomatapa) means “master of ravaged lands”. Mutota, his wives 5. A Meeting with a Spirit Medium by Mike and sons and his army were sent north to search Harvey (6121) for new salt supplies. He swept up north through Shangwe, Urungwe and Sipolilo As a young Constable stationed at Sipolilo, I districts down into the Dande – conquering as had the honour of carrying out the last foot- he went and driving the Tavera and Tonga out patrol with carriers in that northern part of the who nicknamed Mutota’s people, Zambezi Valley in April 1962. “Makorekore,” because they swept over the I was at the foot of the escarpment visiting the country like a swarm of locusts. He was also large Kadzi kraal settlement in the Dande known as the “pillager” (Monomatapa). T.T.L. situated on the Utete river where I met George Kupara. a ‘Svikiro’ at Kadzi village. A The Portuguese literature in the 1500’s referred fine gentleman, to him as The Great Mutota, the first King of I presented him with a bolt of black material as the Monomatapa Dynasty whose realm covered a sign of respect – him being the Monomatapa the Valley floor, between the Zambezi River mudzimu, spiritual rain-maker. (Tete) and its southern escarpment. His

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daughter was one Nehanda whose spirit College members approved and the medium is also well known. I suppose you can presentation date to be announced. say that is why these people in the Valley are referred to as the Makorekore tribe. New Zealand: Due to NZ not having been able to commemorate the last two ANZAC parades, BSAP NZ COLLEGE OF BRANCHES when NZ restrictions were lowered to Level 1, REPORT - Ron Kaagman NSPO 901239. I paraded with the local RSA members at Armistice Day Commemoration (11th I was daunted by the fact that I was asked to November) and did so for "All Rhodesian's" step into the role as New Zealand's who weren't able to get out and pay their representative for the BSAP College, taking respects. over from Peter Burridge, our Chairman. As a soldier I had no depot police instruction, having Another College meeting was held on the 13th done my National Service in Support Unit – February2021, with members below, (awaiting (being a Black Boot not a Brown Boot), and final minutes). now on an international committee to discuss past and present Police matters! Committee members: President & Australia- Will Key (Resigned) I had a pre-committee chat to the then College UK- Bruce Braes President, Will Keys, who lives in Brisbane and Ireland - Corrie Pretorious our first formal meeting was 8th August 2020 Mashonaland- Andrew Field on Skype and was quite informative even Matabeleland- Gordon Geddes though our comms weren't great.(BSAP KZN- Des Howse gatherings and functions were put on hold Border- Bruce Beukman worldwide due to Covid.) I was introduced to Eastern Cape- Dave McKensie the committee and I gave a quick summary of Western Cape- Lachi Howie my attendance to the 130th BSAP Reunion in New Zealand- Ron Kaagman Johannesburg September 2019 with an attendance of over 300 people, great time was had by all during the 3-day celebrations. GROWING FLAME LILIES Ron Kaagman The 7th November 2020 meeting was changed to "Zoom" which worked well with only one Basic Growing Instructions: apology. The Mashonaland Representative, Place 1 large bulb in a 6-8in diameter pot. Put Andrew Field, has spent an enormous amount stones in the base, at least an inch or more. Then of time on the website and explained that the put less fertile soil for about another 1-2in. Now branch members and Hon Secretaries will now put good soil & potting mix to the top. be able to enter photographs and brief comments on local events themselves. He Dig holes to plant the rhizomes and cover. The emphasized the importance of BSAP members rhizomes should be planted with the growing being able to communicate worldwide. Andrew tip facing Down. If you have a “V” shaped one, is concentrating on the nominal roll and deaths, plant this as an inverted V. (Upside down). You relying on Branches to keep news ongoing. He can put a few small ones in a single pot. also proposed for Ireland to join the College, this was duly accepted. Andrew was thanked Water and place pot on ground so excess water for all the work he has done. goes in soil and can get moisture from soil at night and early morning from the dew. Once United Kingdom: Bruce Braes stated very little watered give it an hour or two, then pick up activity in UK but read out loud the citation for container to familiarise yourself with the Alan Toms award Proposal C/R 11/2020. All weight and then before watering again pick up

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the pot to see if it really needs water - they are ON THE LIGHTER SIDE OF LIFE a bulb so have reserves. Acknowledgements to various authors: Once established you can re-pot and split about known and unknown every 4 years or if you see the pot is getting root bound, mark it and remember to re-pot that one. “There is nothing scarier than that split second They still flower if pot bound as roots etc. die when you lose your balance in the shower and back. They like full to 1/2 day sun. you think ‘THEY ARE GOING TO FIND ME NAKED’ Water lightly once a week in winter, and possibly twice a week in summer. Do NOT over water or place in a saucer. You can use Not in jail, not in a mental hospital, not in a fertiliser but a really good natural fertiliser is grave – I say I’m having a very good day! watered down sheep poo, or chook, or horse poo. Put the poo in a bucket and fill with water Don’t let them take your temperature on the and let it dissolve and use a cup full in a forehead when you go to enter the supermarket, watering can possibly monthly. it’s a government plot to erase your memory. I went for a bottle of milk and a loaf of bread and came home with a case of beer and a bottle of wine!!

I don’t need anger management. I need people to stop pissing me off!

Lately, I’ve been noticing that people my age are starting to look a whole lot older than me.

It would be wonderful if we could put ourselves in the dryer for ten minutes, then we would come out wrinkle-free and two sizes smaller. Ho ho.

“One for the road” means peeing before you leave the house! Remember to water after flowering as the plant will now use this to increase reserves in the bulb for the next season. The Yellow ones The story of beer is all about “evolution and normally flower at least 6 weeks later, so don’t natural selection’. The human brain can only be disappointed. Our cooler climate will make operate as fast as the slowest brain cells, the growing conditions later as the bulbs relate Excessive intake of alcohol, as we know, kills to and spring to life based on soil temperatures. brain cells. But naturally, it attacks the slowest and weakest brain cells first. In this way, Go to Google and type in ‘Gloriosa superba’ regular consumption of beer eliminates the and print off info, there are many to choose weakest brain cells, making the brain a faster from, remember to use one that relates more to and more efficient machine. That’s why you NZ conditions. always feel smarter after a few beers!

Enjoy and they will reward you. The one thing we never had on our table in the 60’s...

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“Elbows or phones” Easiest way to find your mistakes? ...Identify Urine test for Senior Men: Simply go outside one mistake of your wife’s and ask her to and pee in the front yard. correct it. In response she will help you identify If ant's gather: Diabetes all your mistakes along with your family’s, relatives and your friend’s as well! If you pee on your feet: Prostate

If it smells like a barbecue: Cholesterol You know you are getting old when your toes If your wrist hurts when you shake it: outnumber your teeth! Osteoarthritis

If you return to your house with your xxxxx outside your pants: Alzheimers Kids in the back seat cause accidents. Accidents in the back seat cause kids!

Romance for Seniors: These days I spend a lot of time thinking about Sue was lying in bed one night. Al was falling the hereafter...... I go somewhere to get asleep but Sue was in a romantic mood and something, and then wonder what I’m “here wanted to talk. She said: “You used to hold my after”. hand when we were courting”. Wearily he reached across, held her hand for a second and tried to get back to sleep. Then a few moments A Seniors Prayer...... grant me the senility to later she said: “Then you used to kiss me”. forget the people I never liked, the good fortune Mildly irritated, he reached across, gave her a to remember the ones I do, and the eyesight to peck on the cheek and settled down to sleep. tell the difference. Thirty seconds later she said: “Then you used to bite my Neck...”. Angrily, Al threw back the My wild oats now are mostly enjoyed with bed clothes and got out of bed. “Where are you prunes and all-bran. going?’ Sue asked.. “To get my teeth!” The world only beats a path to your door when you are in the bathroom! When you plant a tree and know that you will never sit in it’s shade, that’s understanding the Moment of Truth! meaning of life. Chinese Proverb

The best time to plant a tree was twenty years ago, the second best time is now. Another Chinese Proverb

There are only two ways to live your life. One is as though nothing is a miracle. The other is as though everything is a miracle. Albert Einstein

Age is a case of mind over matter. If you don’t mind, it doesn’t matter. Mark Twain

Sometimes you just have to jump in a mud puddle because it’s there. Never get so old that you forget about having fun. Tom Giaquinto

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ANZAC DAY MARCH 25TH APRIL 2021

A good turn out on a special day at the Hobsonville RSA, Auckland

The march about to start...

Peter Burridge saying some words for the Rhodesians at the Rhodesia service

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MEMORIAL ROLL He was the only Customs member there In Memory of John Glynn – Honorary operating in an area the size of England and Member BSAP Regimental Member NZ Wales! In 1959 he married Beth in Kitwe Branch whose family had also emigrated out to N.Rhodesia (N.R) from UK.

In 1960 he joined the Territorial Force in N.R, and was deployed during the uprising of the Prophetess Alice Lenshina in the north of N. R. and also served in the Congo. He served for a time in Customs in Blantyre in Nyasaland. He was transferred back to S. Rhodesia after the end of Federation. Posted to Beit Bridge in 1975 he became involved in the Police Specials and continued to be involved with army call- ups in various parts of Rhodesia until Independence.

He left Customs in 1976 and joined a customs and clearing agency in the country and left Zimbabwe at the time of Independence to Johannesburg, where he joined another customs and clearing firm. The Glynn’s left for the UK in 1990 where John continued his usual customs clearing work as well as running a bed and breakfast enterprise.

When visiting family in New Zealand, the Glynn’s fell in love with the country, and JOHN GLYNN: emigrated here to Auckland in 2003 before John Daniel Glynn served as a Special leaving for the South Island to help their son Constable in the BSAP while stationed at run the Blenheim Motel and later returned back Beitbridge and was an Honorary member of our to Auckland in 2006. It was then that he joined Association, while serving as President of the the Rhodesian Association and a few years ago Rhodesian Services Association Incorporated became President of that organisation. from 12 December 2013 until his untimely passing on 16 March 2021. John had been suffering a debilitating condition for a year and succumbed to it, passing away He was born 3.05.1936 in Urnston, Lancashire, peacefully on the 16 March 2016 and was UK, and came to Rhodesia with his parents. His farewelled at a family service on the 19 March father worked at Risco Steelworks, Que Que, 2021. John leaves his wife, Beth, and four adult and he went to boarding school at Guineafowl children, nine grandchildren and five great School and left at the age of 16 years old and grandchildren. joined the Rhodesian Customs around 1953 when the Federation of Rhodesia and Our heart-felt sympathy go out to Beth and her Nyasaland came into being. John was family for their sad loss, from the Chairman and immediately transferred to Abercorn in members of our New Zealand Branch. Northern Rhodesia. John gave a talk at one of our meetings on his service on the shores of Rest in Peace dear comrade - we will miss Lake Tanganyika at its southern tip. your cheerful presence.

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