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Gloriosa Superba Linn.): an Endangered Medicinal Plant

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Gloriosa Superba Linn.): an Endangered Medicinal Plant Int.J.Curr.Microbiol.App.Sci (2019) 8(2): 1359-1364 International Journal of Current Microbiology and Applied Sciences ISSN: 2319-7706 Volume 8 Number 02 (2019) Journal homepage: http://www.ijcmas.com Review Article https://doi.org/10.20546/ijcmas.2019.802.159 Review on Pharmacological Properties of Glory Lily (Gloriosa superba Linn.): An Endangered Medicinal Plant B.A. Vaishnavi1*, Hajira Khanm2 and H.R. Bhoomika3 1Department of Plantation, Spices, Medicinal and Aromatic Crops, College of Horticulture, Hiriyur-577598, India 2Department of Crop Physiology, GKVK, Bangalore, India 3Department of Plantation, Spices, Medicinal and Aromatic Crops College of Horticulture, Mudigere, University of Agricultural and Horticultural Sciences, Shivamogga-577225, Karnataka India *Corresponding author ABSTRACT K e yw or ds Glory lily is an important medicinal plant which comes under endangered species among the medicinal plants. In Southern India it is called as glory lily and climbing lily-in Gloriosa superba, English. Seeds and tubers contain valuable alkaloids such as colchine and colchicoside, Chemical which are having ethnobotanical and pharmacological properties to cure various diseases. constituents, The tuber is used as an antidote for snake bites, gout, rheumatism, bruises, sprains, colic Traditional uses, and chronic ulcers, haemorrhoids, cancer, impotence, nocturnal seminal emission, leprosy Pharmacological and also for including labour pains and abortions. Gloriosa superba also used in wounds, activities skin related problems, fever, inflammation, piles, blood disorders, uterine contractions, Article Info general body toner, poisoning. Roots are acrid, anthelmintic, antipyretic, bitter, digestive, expectorant, highly poisonous and promoting expulsion of the placenta. Root paste is Accepted: effective against paralysis, rheumatism, snake bite and insect bites. Hence in this article an 12 January 2019 Available Online: attempt has been made to gather the more information regarding pharmacological 10 February 2019 properties of glory lily. Introduction native plant of Tropical Africa and it is found growing throughout tropical India, from the Gloriosa superb Linn. is an important North-west Himalaya to Assam and the medicinal plant belongs to the family Deccan peninsula. In Karnataka, it is colchicaceae or liliaceae. In English it is commonly found growing all along the commonly called as glory lily, in Kannada Western Ghats and it is considered as the state gowri hoo, agnishike/ akkathangiballi while, flower of Tamil Nadu. All parts of the plant in Hindi it is called karihari. Gloriosa is a especially the tubers & seeds contain 1359 Int.J.Curr.Microbiol.App.Sci (2019) 8(2): 1359-1364 alkaloids such as colchicine and Gloriosine Habitat (Trease and Evans, 1983). Tubers and seeds of Gloriosa superba are an expensive export Gloriosa is a native of tropical Asia and commodity. In the Indian systems of Africa. The genus derives its name from the medicine, the tubers are used as tonic, Latin word gloriosus, referring to the flowers. antiperiodic, antihelmintic and also against It is found growing throughout tropical India, snake bites (Gupta et al., 2005). Colchicine & from the North -West Himalayas to Assam Gloriosine are two commonly used and the Deccan peninsula. In Karnataka, it is phytochemicals for treatment of gout & commonly found growing all along the rheumatism. Different parts of the plant have Western Ghats. wide variety of uses especially within traditional medicine practiced in tropical It is also found growing in Madagascar, Africa and Asia. The tuber is used Srilanka, Indo-China and on the adjacent traditionally for the treatment of bruises and island (Faroogi and Sreeramu, 2001). The sprains, colic, chronic ulcers, haemorrhoids, plant grows in sandy-loam soil in the mixed cancer, impotence, nocturnal seminal deciduous forests in sunny positions. It is very emission, and leprosy and also for including tolerant of nutrient-poor soils. It occurs in labour pains and abortions (Kala et al., 2004). thickets, forest edges and boundaries of Gloriosa superba also used in wounds, skin cultivated areas in warm countries up to a related problems, fever, inflammation, piles, height of 2530 m. It is also widely grown as blood disorders, uterine contractions, general an ornamental plant in cool temperate body toner, poisoning (Haroon et al., 2008). countries under glass or in conservatories. Glory lily gained the importance in medicine (Acharya, 2006) in recent years & is indicated promising drug for the production of colchicine on Chemical Constitutes commercial scale. Studies reveal that all parts of the plant, Plant Profile and Classification especially the tubers are extremely toxic due to the presence of a highly active alkaloid, G. superba is a perennial herbaceous vine Colchicine. The species also contains another growing 3.5 to 6.0 meters in length. It bears V toxic alkaloid, Gloriosine. Other compounds or L-shaped, finger-like tubers that are pure such as lumicolchicine, 3-demethyl-N- white when young, becoming brown with age. deformyl-N-deacetylcolchicine, 3- It is a climbing herb, sometimes erect up to 6 demethylcolchicine, N-formyldeacetyl m long, bearing pointed, dark green, glossy colchicine have been isolated from the plant leaves, each equipped with a tendril by means (Jain and Suryavanshi, 2010) of which it clings onto other plants. Leaves occur in whorls of 3 to 4, opposite or Traditional Uses alternate, simple, sessile, ovate to lanceolate ranging from 6 to 20 cm in length and 1.5 to 4 Root tuber with sesamum oil will reduce the cm wide. The attractive flowers are borne on pain in arthritis affected joints (Abhishek et long stalks and have six erect petals ranging al., 2011). Traditionally, the rural women in colour from bright yellow to bicoloured, prefer G. superba plant for gynecological red and yellow or purple and yellow. The disorders like abortion, menstrual trouble, fruits are capsules that split open to release conception disorders, sterility, delivery several smooth red seeds with a spongy test. problems etc., rather than modern medicines. (Maroyi et al., 2011) 1360 Int.J.Curr.Microbiol.App.Sci (2019) 8(2): 1359-1364 Plant Flower Rhizomes Fruit/Capsule Seeds The Gond tribe of Madhya Pradesh in case of Pharmacological properties induced abortion they grind tuber of the plant mixed with ghee and used orally (Tiwari et Anti-anxiety al., 2003). The tribes of Deogarh district used G. superba against piles. It is ethno- Phytochemical screening of ethanolic and medicinally very important to the tribal’s. aqueous extracts showed presence of carbohydrates, alkaloids and saponins. The people of this region derive immense benefit by using herbal medicines for their Amongst various extracts ethanolic extract of primary health care. The roots and rhizomes Gloriosa supberba Linn. are used in traditional system of medicine. Rhizome is anticancerous, oxytocic, significantly increased mean number of antimalarial, stomachic, purgative, entries and meantime spent by mice in open cholagogue, anthelmintic, alterative, febrifuge arms of elevated plus maze apparatus at the and antileprotic. Leaf is antiasthmatic and dose of 300 mg/kg with respect to control, antiinflammatory. Root shows thereby producing anti-anxiety activity antigonorrhoeic and antibiotic activity (Sahu, (Sundaraganapathy et al., 2013). 2010) 1361 Int.J.Curr.Microbiol.App.Sci (2019) 8(2): 1359-1364 Anti-bacterial property Anticoagulant and antithrombotic activity Both Gram positive and Gram negative The leaves extracts displayed anticoagulant bacteria growth was inhibited by the extracts. properties by inhibiting thrombin induced It may be due to the reason that the tubers clotting, with IC50 value of 2.97 mg/ml21 have constant contact with soil. The plants are (Maroyi and Maesen, 2011) producing large number of organic compounds as secondary metabolites. Anti-inflammatory activity These compounds acts as chemotherapeutic, Alcoholic, hydroalcoholic and aqueous bactericidal and bacteriostatics. The extracts extracts of G. superba tubers have been are prepared from the leaves and tubers are shown to have significant anti-inflammatory source of different secondary metabolites activity in male albino rats. According to which may act in synergy to produce an these investigations, aqueous extract of 250 increased activity against microbes that is in mg/kg of G. superba tubers showed the best treatment of certain skin disease and infected anti-inflammatory activity. Oral wounds (Banu and Nagarajan, 2011). administration of colchicine at 2, 4 and 6 mg/kg body weight resulted in 48.9, 68.7 and Anti-implantation or anti-fertility activity 79.1% inhibition respectively, while 30.9% inhibition was obtained in the phenylbutazone Oral administration of hydro alcoholic extract 100mg/kg treated group once daily for a of G. superba at two different doses (30 and period of 4 days. These results clearly 60 mg/kg body wt) showed most significant indicate that colchicine is more effective as an dose dependent anti-fertility activity. The anti-inflammatory agent. (Maroyi and treated animals showed anti-implantation Maesen, 2011) activity in postcoital study (administered from days 1 to 7). Antidiabetic activity After parturition, the number of litters born The phytochemical screening of G. superba was significantly less than that of control. revealed that it contains saponin glycosides, This study clearly reveals that the extract is flavonoids, alkaloids, tannins and steroids.
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