sign in sign up
<<
Home , Gloriosa (plant), Gloriosa superba

Int.J.Curr.Microbiol.App.Sci (2019) 8(2): 1359-1364

International Journal of Current Microbiology and Applied Sciences ISSN: 2319-7706 Volume 8 Number 02 (2019) Journal homepage: http://www.ijcmas.com

Review Article https://doi.org/10.20546/ijcmas.2019.802.159

Review on Pharmacological Properties of Glory Lily ( superba Linn.): An Endangered Medicinal

B.A. Vaishnavi1*, Hajira Khanm2 and H.R. Bhoomika3

1Department of Plantation, Spices, Medicinal and Aromatic Crops, College of Horticulture, Hiriyur-577598, 2Department of Crop Physiology, GKVK, Bangalore, India 3Department of Plantation, Spices, Medicinal and Aromatic Crops College of Horticulture, Mudigere, University of Agricultural and Horticultural Sciences, Shivamogga-577225, Karnataka India

*Corresponding author

ABSTRACT

K e yw or ds Glory lily is an important medicinal plant which comes under endangered species among the medicinal . In Southern India it is called as glory lily and climbing lily-in , English. Seeds and contain valuable alkaloids such as colchine and colchicoside, Chemical which are having ethnobotanical and pharmacological properties to cure various diseases. constituents, The is used as an for snake bites, gout, rheumatism, , sprains, colic Traditional uses, and chronic ulcers, haemorrhoids, cancer, impotence, nocturnal seminal emission, leprosy Pharmacological and also for including labour pains and abortions. Gloriosa superba also used in wounds, activities skin related problems, fever, inflammation, piles, blood disorders, uterine contractions, Article Info general body toner, poisoning. Roots are acrid, anthelmintic, antipyretic, bitter, digestive,

expectorant, highly poisonous and promoting expulsion of the placenta. Root paste is Accepted: effective against paralysis, rheumatism, snake bite and insect bites. Hence in this article an 12 January 2019 Available Online: attempt has been made to gather the more information regarding pharmacological 10 February 2019 properties of glory lily.

Introduction native plant of Tropical and it is found growing throughout tropical India, from the Gloriosa superb Linn. is an important North-west Himalaya to Assam and the medicinal plant belongs to the family Deccan peninsula. In Karnataka, it is or liliaceae. In English it is commonly found growing all along the commonly called as glory lily, in Kannada Western Ghats and it is considered as the state gowri hoo, agnishike/ akkathangiballi while, of . All parts of the plant in Hindi it is called karihari. Gloriosa is a especially the tubers & seeds contain

1359

Int.J.Curr.Microbiol.App.Sci (2019) 8(2): 1359-1364 alkaloids such as and Gloriosine Habitat (Trease and Evans, 1983). Tubers and seeds of Gloriosa superba are an expensive export Gloriosa is a native of tropical and commodity. In the Indian systems of Africa. The derives its name from the medicine, the tubers are used as tonic, Latin word gloriosus, referring to the . antiperiodic, antihelmintic and also against It is found growing throughout tropical India, snake bites (Gupta et al., 2005). Colchicine & from the North -West Himalayas to Assam Gloriosine are two commonly used and the Deccan peninsula. In Karnataka, it is phytochemicals for treatment of gout & commonly found growing all along the rheumatism. Different parts of the plant have Western Ghats. wide variety of uses especially within traditional medicine practiced in tropical It is also found growing in Madagascar, Africa and Asia. The tuber is used Srilanka, Indo-China and on the adjacent traditionally for the treatment of bruises and island (Faroogi and Sreeramu, 2001). The sprains, colic, chronic ulcers, haemorrhoids, plant grows in sandy-loam soil in the mixed cancer, impotence, nocturnal seminal forests in sunny positions. It is very emission, and leprosy and also for including tolerant of nutrient-poor soils. It occurs in labour pains and abortions (Kala et al., 2004). thickets, forest edges and boundaries of Gloriosa superba also used in wounds, skin cultivated areas in warm countries up to a related problems, fever, inflammation, piles, height of 2530 m. It is also widely grown as blood disorders, uterine contractions, general an ornamental plant in cool temperate body toner, poisoning (Haroon et al., 2008). countries under glass or in conservatories. Glory lily gained the importance in medicine (Acharya, 2006) in recent years & is indicated promising drug for the production of colchicine on Chemical Constitutes commercial scale. Studies reveal that all parts of the plant, Plant Profile and Classification especially the tubers are extremely toxic due to the presence of a highly active alkaloid, G. superba is a perennial herbaceous vine Colchicine. The species also contains another growing 3.5 to 6.0 meters in length. It bears V toxic alkaloid, Gloriosine. Other compounds or L-shaped, finger-like tubers that are pure such as lumicolchicine, 3-demethyl-N- white when young, becoming brown with age. deformyl-N-deacetylcolchicine, 3- It is a climbing herb, sometimes erect up to 6 demethylcolchicine, N-formyldeacetyl m long, bearing pointed, dark green, glossy colchicine have been isolated from the plant , each equipped with a tendril by means (Jain and Suryavanshi, 2010) of which it clings onto other plants. Leaves occur in whorls of 3 to 4, opposite or Traditional Uses alternate, simple, sessile, ovate to lanceolate ranging from 6 to 20 cm in length and 1.5 to 4 Root tuber with sesamum oil will reduce the cm wide. The attractive flowers are borne on pain in arthritis affected joints (Abhishek et long stalks and have six erect petals ranging al., 2011). Traditionally, the rural women in colour from bright yellow to bicoloured, prefer G. superba plant for gynecological red and yellow or purple and yellow. The disorders like abortion, menstrual trouble, fruits are capsules that split open to release conception disorders, sterility, delivery several smooth red seeds with a spongy test. problems etc., rather than modern medicines. (Maroyi et al., 2011)

1360

Int.J.Curr.Microbiol.App.Sci (2019) 8(2): 1359-1364

Plant Flower

Rhizomes Fruit/Capsule Seeds

The Gond tribe of Madhya Pradesh in case of Pharmacological properties induced abortion they grind tuber of the plant mixed with ghee and used orally (Tiwari et Anti-anxiety al., 2003). The tribes of Deogarh district used G. superba against piles. It is ethno- Phytochemical screening of ethanolic and medicinally very important to the tribal’s. aqueous extracts showed presence of carbohydrates, alkaloids and saponins. The people of this region derive immense benefit by using herbal medicines for their Amongst various extracts ethanolic extract of primary health care. The roots and Gloriosa supberba Linn. are used in traditional system of medicine. is anticancerous, oxytocic, significantly increased mean number of antimalarial, stomachic, purgative, entries and meantime spent by mice in open cholagogue, anthelmintic, alterative, febrifuge arms of elevated plus maze apparatus at the and antileprotic. is antiasthmatic and dose of 300 mg/kg with respect to control, antiinflammatory. Root shows thereby producing anti-anxiety activity antigonorrhoeic and antibiotic activity (Sahu, (Sundaraganapathy et al., 2013). 2010)

1361

Int.J.Curr.Microbiol.App.Sci (2019) 8(2): 1359-1364

Anti-bacterial property Anticoagulant and antithrombotic activity

Both Gram positive and Gram negative The leaves extracts displayed anticoagulant bacteria growth was inhibited by the extracts. properties by inhibiting thrombin induced It may be due to the reason that the tubers clotting, with IC50 value of 2.97 mg/ml21 have constant contact with soil. The plants are (Maroyi and Maesen, 2011) producing large number of organic compounds as secondary metabolites. Anti-inflammatory activity

These compounds acts as chemotherapeutic, Alcoholic, hydroalcoholic and aqueous bactericidal and bacteriostatics. The extracts extracts of G. superba tubers have been are prepared from the leaves and tubers are shown to have significant anti-inflammatory source of different secondary metabolites activity in male albino rats. According to which may act in synergy to produce an these investigations, aqueous extract of 250 increased activity against microbes that is in mg/kg of G. superba tubers showed the best treatment of certain skin disease and infected anti-inflammatory activity. Oral wounds (Banu and Nagarajan, 2011). administration of colchicine at 2, 4 and 6 mg/kg body weight resulted in 48.9, 68.7 and Anti-implantation or anti-fertility activity 79.1% inhibition respectively, while 30.9% inhibition was obtained in the phenylbutazone Oral administration of hydro alcoholic extract 100mg/kg treated group once daily for a of G. superba at two different doses (30 and period of 4 days. These results clearly 60 mg/kg body wt) showed most significant indicate that colchicine is more effective as an dose dependent anti-fertility activity. The anti-inflammatory agent. (Maroyi and treated animals showed anti-implantation Maesen, 2011) activity in postcoital study (administered from days 1 to 7). Antidiabetic activity

After parturition, the number of litters born The phytochemical screening of G. superba was significantly less than that of control. revealed that it contains saponin glycosides, This study clearly reveals that the extract is flavonoids, alkaloids, tannins and steroids. It effective before and after the implantation has been previously documented that occurred. Hence, the drug indicated the flavonoids and phenols are responsible for the highest anti-fertility activity (Latha et al., hypoglycemic action. So, the anti-diabetic 2013) effect of the G. superba might be attributed to its flavonoid content (Thakur et al., 2015) Anti-oxidant and anti-cancer activity Anthelmintic activity The G. superba methanolic extracts reveals the presence of different types of phyto Bhushan and his co-workers conducted an constituents which has the capacity of anti- experiment to know the anthelmintic activity oxidant and cytotoxicity effect on Hep-G2 of glory lily. In this study, earthworm lost cells (human liver cancer cells). Thus G. their motility on exposure to crude extract of superba has the potentiality to inhibit the plant Gloriosa superba Linn. Each aqueous human carcinoma cell line growth (Simon and extract containing 30, 40, 50 and 60 mg/mL Jayakumar, 2016). and alcoholic extract containing 20, 30, 40

1362

Int.J.Curr.Microbiol.App.Sci (2019) 8(2): 1359-1364 and 50 mg/mL produced dose dependent Antibacterial potential of glory lily, paralysis ranging from loss of motility to loss Gloriosa superb Linn. Int. res. J. of of response to external stimuli, which Pharm., 2 (3) 139-142. eventually progressed to death. From this Faroogi and Sreeramu, 2001, Cultivation of study it is concluded that, all the extracts of Medicinal and Aromatic Crops, whole plant of Gloriosa superba have potent niversities press (India) private limited, anthelmintic activity when compared with Hyderabad, India, 108. conventionally used drug and is equipotent to Frost, C.L., Kee NLA, Mnonopi, N., Davids, standard anthelmintic drug (Bhushan et al., H. and Nande, R.J., 2008, 2010). Antithrombotic/anticoagulant and anticancer activities of selected Uterotonic property medicinal plants from South Africa. African J. of Biotech., 7: 217-223. Uterotonic assessment in-vitro and in-vivo of Gupta, L.M., Rana, R.C., Raina, R. and aqueous extract of G. superba was carried out Gupta, M., 2005, Colchicine contents in in rats. Oxytocin was used as the standard Gloriosa superba L. SKUAST-J., 4: uterotonic. Both the oxytocin and the extract 238-241. produced dose dependent contractions Haroon, K., Murad, A.K., Tahira, M. and (Roqaiya et al., 2015) Muhammad, I.C. 2008, Antimicrobial activities of Gloriosa superba extracts. In conclusion, plants are natural sources of J. Enz. Inhibition Med. Chem., 22 (6): bioactive compounds to treat life threatening 722-725. diseases. Gloriosa superba has showed Jain, A.P., and Suryavanshi, S., 2010, G. various phytochemical properties, which can superba linn. – A pharmacological be used for treating various health ailments. review. Int. J. of Pharm. Res. and Due to overexploitation of this plant is facing Development., 2 (8): 24-26. local . Hence it is confirmed as an Kala, C., Farooquee, N. and Dhar, U., 2004, endangered plant by International Union for Prioritization of medicinal plants on the Conservation of Nature (IUCN). Therefore, basis of available knowledge, existing there is a need to conserve this plant by in situ practices and use value status in and ex situ multiplication in general and Uttaranchal, India. Biodiver. Conserv. micro propagation. 13 (2): 453-469. Latha, K.P., Kirana, H. and Girish, H.N., References 2013, Anti- Implantation Activity of the Hydroalcoholic Tuber Extract of Abhishek, M., Satish, K.V., Santosh, K.S., Gloriosa superba Linn in Female Deepika, M., Prasad, G.B.K.S. and Dua, Albino Rats. Int. J. advances in Pahrm. V.K., 2011, Investigation of anti- Bio. And Chem., 2 (3): 443-448. inflammatory properties of Swertia Maroyi and Maesen, 2011, Gloriosa superba chirayta and Gloriosa superba. Recent L. (family Colchicaceae): Remedy or Res. Sci. Technol., 3 (3): 40-43. poison? Journal of Medicinal Plants Acharya, D., Sancheti, G., Shrivastava, A., Research, 5 (26): 6112-6121. and Pawar, S., 2006, Rare Herb of Pawar, B.M., Wavhal, V.P., Pawar, N.D., Patalkot: Gloriosa superb. Traditional Agarwal, M.R., Shinde, P.B., and Herbs and Medicines, 10-24. Kamble, H.V., 2010, International Banu, H.R. and Nagarajan, N., 2011, Journal of PharmTech Research, 2(2):

1363

Int.J.Curr.Microbiol.App.Sci (2019) 8(2): 1359-1364

1483-1487. Linn. Hygeia. J.D. Med., 5 (1) 150. Roqaiya, M., Begum, W., Majeedi, S.F. and Thakur, V., Choudhary, M., Garg, A., Saiyed, A., 2015, A Review on Herbs Choudhary, N., Jangra, N., and with Uterotonic Property. J. of Budhwar, V., 2015, Evaluation of a Phytopharmacol., 4 (3): 190-196. Hydroalcoholic Extract of the Leaves Sahu, S.C., Dhal, N.K. and Mohanty, R.C., from the Endangered Medicinal Plant 2010, Potential Medicinal Plants Used gloriosa superba linn. (colchicaceae) by the Tribal of Deogarh District, for its Potential Anti-diabetic Effect. Orissa, India. Ethno. Med. 4 (1): 53-61. Archive of med., 7 (8): 1-8. Simon, S.E. and Jayakumar, F.A., 2016, Trease, S.E. and Evans, D., 1983, Colchicum Antioxidant Activity and Anticancer seed and corn. In: Pharmacognosy, 12th Study on Phytochemicals Extract from edn. Balliere Tindall, London, pp. 593- Tubers of Gloriosa superba against 559. Human Cancer Cell (Hep-G2). J. of Tiwari, D.K. and Yadav, A., 2003, Pharmacog. & Phytochem., 4 (4): 7-12. Ethnobotanical Investigation of Some Sundaraganapathy, R., Niraimathi, V., 2013, Medicinal Plants Availed by Gond Thangadurai, A., Kamalakannan, D., Tribe of Naoradehi Wild Life Narasimhan, B. and Deep, A., Anti- Sanctuary, Madhya Pradesh, anxiety activity of Gloriosa superba Anthropologist, 5(3): 201-202.

How to cite this article:

Vaishnavi, B.A., Hajira Khanm and Bhoomika, H.R. 2019. Review on Pharmacological Properties of Glory Lily (Gloriosa superba Linn.): An Endangered Medicinal Plant. Int.J.Curr.Microbiol.App.Sci. 8(02): 1359-1364. doi: https://doi.org/10.20546/ijcmas.2019.802.159

1364