DOCSLIB.ORG

Anl-79-41 Anl-79-41 Proceedings of the Heavy Ion Fusion Workshop Held

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Anl-79-41 Anl-79-41 Proceedings of the Heavy Ion Fusion Workshop Held ANL-79-41 ANL-79-41 PROCEEDINGS OF THE HEAVY ION FUSION WORKSHOP HELD AT ARGONNE NATIONAL LABORATORY SEPTEMBER 19-26, 1978 Ua(CtUA-USOO£ ARGONNE NATIONAL LABORATORY, ARGONNE, ILLINOIS Prepared for the U. S. DEPARTMENT OF ENERGY j_ under Contract W-31-109-Eng-38 -^ The facilities of Argonne National Labiiratory are owned by the United States Govern­ ment. Under the terms of a contract (W-31-109-Eng-38) among the U. S. Department of Energy, Argonne Universities Association and The University of Chicago, the University employs the staff and operates the Laboratory in accordance with policies and programs formulated, ap­ proved and reviewed by the Association. MEMBERS OF ARGONNE UNIVERSITIES ASSOCIATION The University of Arizona The University of Kansas The Ohio State University Carnegie-Mellon University Kansas State University Ohio University Case Western Reserve University Loyola University of Chicago The Pennsylvania State University The University of Chicago Marquette University Purdue University University of Cincinnati The University of Michigan Saint Louis University Illinois Institute of Technology Michigan State University Southern Illinois University University of Illinois University of Minnesota The University of Texas at Austin Indiana University University of Missouri Washington University The University of Iowa Northwestern University Wayne State University Iowa State University University of Notre Dame The University of Wisconsin-Madison •NOTICE- This report was prepared as an accotint of work sponsored by the United States Government. Neither the United States nor the United States Department of Energy, nor any of their employees, nor any of their contractors, subcontractors, or their employees, makes any warranty, express or implied, or assumes any legal liability or responsibility for the ac­ curacy, completeness or usefulness of any infornnation, ap­ paratus, product or process disclosed, or represents that its use would not infringe privately-owned rights. Mention of commercial products, their manufacturers, or their suppli­ ers in this publication does not imply or connote approval or disapproval of the product by Argonne National Laboratory or the U. S. Department of Energy. Printed in the United States of America Available from National Technical Infornnation Service U. S. Department of Commerce 5285 Port Royal Road Springfield, Virginia 22161 Price: Printed Copy $14.00; Microfiche $3.00 Distribution Category: Inertial Confinement Fusion (UC-21) ANL-79-41 Argonne National Laboratory 9700 South Cass Avenue Argonne, Illinois 60439 Proceedings of the Heavy Ion Fusion Workshop Held at Argonne National Laboratory September 19-26, 1978 Sponsored by the U.S. Department of Energy Office of Laser Fusion and Division of High Energy and Nuclear Physics Proceedings Editor R. C. Arnold Workshop Organizing Committee R, L. Martin {ANL, Chairman), R. Bangerter (LLL), T. Godlove (DOE), W. Herrmannsfeldt (SLAC), D. Keefe (LBL), J. Leiss (NBS), A. Maschke (BNL), L. Teng (FNAL), and D, Tidman (U. Md.) PREFACE This workshop was the third in a series of annual workshop meetings on Inertial Fusion Driven by Beams of Heavy Ions at GeV Energies. It was held September 19 through 26, 1978, at Argonne National Laboratory. There were 158 participants, representing U.S. national Laboratories, other government laboratories, universities, and industries; European and Japanese representa­ tives also attended. The workshop had three primary goals: 1. Critical examination of reference designs for prototype one-mega- joule reactor drivers (previously distributed by ANL, BNL, and LBL), includ­ ing the suitability of heavy-ion demonstration experiments based on these designs, and possible upgrading to a few megajoules. 2. Exchange of information on the progress of heavy ion fusion programs at the participating institutions. 3. Communication of information on heavy ion fusion in order to enhance industry and university support for the civilian heavy ion fusion program, as suggested by a recent U.S. DOE Fusion Review. At the workshop, four different conceptual driver designs were presented. To accomplish the first goal of the workshop, technical review of these de­ signs was carried out by parallel workshop sessions, examining the areas of ion sources, low-velocity linacs, beam manipulations, beam transport and focussing, plasma effects in the reactor chamber, ionic collision cross sec­ tions, and cost estimation. The second workshop goal, information exchange, was accomplished through presentations on the first day from each of the principal laboratories cur­ rently funded by DOE (ANL, BNL, LBL, and LLL) for work in heavy ion fusion, and by invited talks and informal discussions in the workshops. On Monday, September 25, tutorial sessions were held on all aspects of heavy ion fusion, primarily for industrial and university observers, in pur­ suit of the third goal. These tutorial sessions were videotaped for wider distribution, and are now available on loan from Argonne. In addition to the working review sessions, plenary invited talks were held on the mornings of September 20-22 covering topics of interest to the participants. Some of the texts for those talks were provided by the authors for reproduction here. The conclusions of the technical review were assembled by a committee of four (L. Teng, Chairman; D. Sutter; D. Judd; and F. Mills). Their report, included in these Proceedings, provides a technical overview of the current status of heavy-ion reactor driver design. TABLE OF CONTENTS PREFACE i I. OVERVIEW vii II. REVIEWS OF CURRENT LABORATORY PROGRAMS ARGONNE NATIONAL LABORATORY 1 LAWRENCE BERKELEY LABORATORY 31 LAWRENCE LIVERMORE LABORATORY 57 III. INVITED TALKS A PLAN FOR THE DEVELOPMENT AND COMMERCIALIZATION OF INERTIAL CONFINEMENT FUSION T. Willke 61 FOCUSING EXPERIMENTS WITH LIGHT ION DIODES D. J. Johnson 89 HIGH CURRENT LINEAR ION ACCELERATORS FOR INERTIAL FUSION S. Humphries, Jr. 93 DIAGNOSTICS FOR PELLET EXPERIMENTS R. R. Johnson 101 SCALING LAWS FOR INERTIAL CONFINEMENT FUSION K. A. Brueckner 111 IV. REPORTS OF THE WORKSHOPS ATOMIC AND MOLECULAR PHYSICS J, Macek, Chairman 117 COST ANALYSIS AND SYSTEM DESIGN E, K. Freytag, Chairman 121 ION SOURCES D. J. Clark and R. L, Seliger, Chairmen 127 LOW BETA LINACS J, Keane, Chairman 131 BEAM MANIPULATIONS AND BUNCHING T. Khoe, Chairman 139 HIGH CURRENT TRANSPORT AND FINAL FOCUS LENSES A, Garren. Chairman 141 PLASMA EFFECTS W. Thompson, Chairman 147 111 V. REPORT OF THE REFERENCE DESIGN COMMITTEE 1. Teng, Chairman 15^ VI. CONTRIBUTED PAPERS A. ATOMIC AND MOLECULAR CROSS SECTIONS CHARGE CHANGING CROSS SECTIONS FOR Cs"*" + Cs"^ COLLISIONS R. E. Olson 171 ATOMIC CROSS SECTIONS FOR FAST Xe^"*" AND u'^"'' IONS COLLIDING WITH ATOMS AND MOLECULES G. Gillespie, K-T. Cheng, and Y-K. Kim 1'^^ PRELIMINARY ESTIMATE OF HEAVY ION ELECTRON-TRANSFER CROSS SECTIONS S. Sramek, G. Gallup, and J. Macek 183 CHARGE EXCHANGE CROSS SECTIONS FOR THE REACTION Xe+8 + Xe+8 ^ Xe+9 + Xe+7 J. Macek ^^^ LOW-LYING STATES OF (Cs2) G. Das, R. C. Raffenetti, and Y-K. Kim 19^ CHARGE EXCHANGE BETWEEN SINGLY IONIZED HELIUM IONS B. H. Choi, R. T. Poe, and K. T. Tang 201 COST ANALYSIS AND SYSTEMS DESIGN PRELIMINARY SYSTEMS EVALUATION OF HEAVY ION BEAM FUSION DRIVERS 209 T. Kammash and C. R. Drumm ELEMENTS TO BE CONSIDERED IN PLANNING A HEAVY ION FUSION PROGRAM - A SUMMARY 219 I. Bohachevsky ELECTRIC POWER FROM INERTIAL CONFINEMENT FUSION: THE HYLIFE CONCEPT M. Monsler, J. Blink, J. Hovingh, W. Meier, and 225 P. Walker PHASE-SPACE CONSTRAINTS ON SOME HEAVY-ION INERTIAL- FUSION IGNITERS AND EXAMPLE DESIGNS OF 1 MJ RF LINAC SYSTEMS 237 D. Judd HEAVY ION FUSION DEVELOPMENT PLAN A. W. Maschke 249 REMARKS ON HIF DEVELOPMENT AND WEAPONS PROLIFERATION ISSUES R. C. Arnold 255 ION SOURCES NEUTRALIZATION OF POSITIVE PARTICLE BEAMS BY ELECTRON TRAPPING R. M. Mobley, A. A, Irani, J, L. LeMaire, and A. W. Maschke 257 IV NOTE ON XENON TESTS WITH LBL MATS SOURCE R. Mobley 265 A CHARGE SEPARATING SPECTROMETER FOR ANNULAR ION BEAMS W. B. Herrmannsfeldt 267 D. LOW BETA LINACS A MULTI-AMPERE HEAVY ION INJECTOR FOR LINEAR INDUCTION ACCELERATORS USING PERIODIC ELECTROSTATIC FOCUSING W. B. Herrmannsfeldt 273 FACTORS CAUSING LARGE TRANSVERSE EMITTANCE INCREASE IN LINACS USING A HIGH-BRIGHTNESS ION SOURCE J. Staples 287 GABOR LENS THEORY A. A. Irani 291 GABOR LENSES—EXPERIMENTAL RESULTS AT BROOKHAVEN R. M. Mobley 299 E. BEAM MANIPULATIONS AND BUNCHING INSERTION OF SKEW QUADRUPOLES TO EXCHANGE X-X' AND Y-Y' PHASE SPACES D. Neuffer 309 COMBINING BEAMS IN TRANSVERSE SPACE IN A LINEAR SYSTEM M. Foss 313 F. HIGH CURRENT TRANSPORT AND FINAL FOCUS LENSES HIGH CURRENT TRANSPORT OF NON K-V DISTRIBUTIONS I. Haber 317 COMPARISON OF INSTABILITY THEORY WITH SIMULATION RESULTS L. J. Laslett, L. Smith, and I. Haber 321 THE ARGONNE NATIONAL LABORATORY HEAVY ION BEAM TRANSPORT EXPERIMENTS WITH A 2 mA 80 keV Xe+l SOURCE M. Mazarakis, D. Price, and J. Watson 325 GEOMETRIC ABERRATIONS IN FINAL FOCUSSING FOR HEAVY ION FUSION D. Neuffer 333 QUADRUPOLE SYSTEMS FOR FOCUSSING ION BEAMS WITH LARGE MOMENTUM SPREAD J, Steinhoff 345 OCTUPOLE CORRECTION OF THIRD ORDER ABERRATION S. Fenster 355 CORRECTION OF CHROMATIC AND GEOMETRIC ABERRATIONS USING SEXTUPOLES AND OCTUPOLES E. Colton 365 G. PLASMA EFFECTS FILAMENTATION AND TWO-STREAM INSTABILITIES IN HEAVY ION FUSION TARGET CHAMBERS R. F. Hubbard, D. S. Spicer, and D. A. Tidman 379 DISRUPTION OF GEOMETRIC FOCUS BY SELF-MAGNETIC FIELDS D. Mosher and S. Goldstein 387 FILAMENTATION DURING FINAL TRANSPORT IN A HIGH PRESSURE GAS E. P. Lee 393 BEAM PROPAGATION THROUGH A GASEOUS REACTOR—CLASSICAL TRANSPORT S. S. Yu, H. L. Buchanan, E. P. Lee, and F. W. Chambers "^03 THE BEAM-TARGET INTERACTION IN HEAVY ION FUSION R. 0. Bangerter ^15 VII. PROGRAM ^21 VIII. LIST OF PARTICIPANTS ^23 VI I. OVERVIEW OVERVIEW The four conceptual accelerator designs presented to the workshop partic­ ipants were: a 10 MJ, 200 TW linac-accumulator system with U^^ (BNL); a 1 MJ, 160 TW linac-accumulator system with Hg"'"^ (ANL); a 1 MJ, 160 TW synchrotron- accumulator system with Xe"'"^ (ANL); and a 1 MJ, 160 TW induction linac system with U+4 (LBL).
Load more

Recommended publications
  • General Fusion
    General Fusion Fusion Power Associates, 2011 Annual Meeting 1 General Fusion Making commercially viable fusion power a reality. • Founded in 2002, based in Vancouver, Canada • Plan to demonstrate a fusion system capable of “net gain” within 3 years • Industrial and institutional partners including Los Alamos National Lab and the Canadian Government • $32.5M in venture capital, $4.5M in government support Fusion Power Associates, 2011 Annual Meeting 2 General Fusion’s Acoustically Driven MTF Fusion Power Associates, 2011 Annual Meeting 3 Commercialization Advantages Fusion Challenge General Fusion Solution 1.5 m of liquid lead lithium greatly lowers the neutron energy spectrum Neutron activation and embrittlement of structure Low neutron load at the metal wall Low activation Low radiation damage n,2n reaction in lead 4π coverage Tritium breeding Thick blanket High tritium breeding ratio of 1.6 Heat extraction Heat extraction by the working fluid Pb -Li Solubility of tritium in Pb -Li is low Tritium safety 100 M W plant size Low tritium inventory (2g) Pneumatic energy storage >100X lower System cost cost than capacitors Cost of targets in pulsed Liquid metal compression systems - “kopeck” problem No consumables Fusion Power Associates, 2011 Annual Meeting 4 Development Plan 4 years PHASE I Proof of principle Completed 2009 PHASE IIa Construct key components at full scale 2.5 years Prove system can be built $30M Progress to Date Plasma compression tests PHASE II 2012 PHASE IIb 2 years Demonstration of Net Gain Build net gain prototype $35M
    [Show full text]
  • Yol 2 7 Ns 1 0 Barc/1995/P/005 O O 5 Government of India 6 Atomic Energy Commission
    TRN-IN9600313 S BARC/i995)!>/005 CO I> NUCLEAR PHYSICS DIVISION BIENNIAL REPORT 1993-1994 Edited by K. Kumar and S. K. Kataria 1995 YOL 2 7 NS 1 0 BARC/1995/P/005 O O 5 GOVERNMENT OF INDIA 6 ATOMIC ENERGY COMMISSION U 0! NUCLEAR PHYSICS DIVISION BIENNIAL REPORT 1993-1994 Edited by: K. Kumar and S.K. Kataria Nuclear Physics Division BHABHA ATOMIC RESEARCH CENTRE BOMBAY, INDIA 1995 BARC/1993/P/003 BIBLIOGRAPHIC DESCRIPTION SHEET FOR TECHNICAL REPORT (as p»r IS t 9400 - 1980) 01 Security classification t Unclassified 02 Distribution : External 03 Report status t New 04 Series 3 BARC External 03 Report type : Progress Report 06 Report No. : BARC/1995/P/005 07 Part No. or Volume No. t 08 Contract No. s 10 Title and subtitle i Nuclear Physics Division biennial report 1993-1994 11 Collation t 93 p., figs., tabs. 13 Project No. : 2O Personal author (s) i K. Kumar; S.K. Kataria (eds.) 21 Affiliation of author (s) i Nuclear Physics Division, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Bombay 22 Corporate author(s) i Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Bombay-400 083 23 Originating unit s Nuclear Physics Division, BARC, Bombay 24 Sponsor(s) Name i Department of Atomic Energy Type i Government 30 Date of submission s August 1993 31 Publication/Issue date September 1995 ccntd...(ii> (ii) 40 Publisher/Distributor i Head, Library and Information Division, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Bombay 42 Form of distribution i Hard Copy 90 Language of text i English 91 Language of summary i English 92 No.
    [Show full text]
  • Nuclear Fusion Power – an Overview of History, Present and Future
    International Journal of Advanced Network, Monitoring and Controls Volume 04, No.04, 2019 Nuclear Fusion Power – An Overview of History, Present and Future Stewart C. Prager Department of Physics University of Wisconsin – Madison Madison, WI 53706, USA E-mail: [email protected] Summary—Fusion power offers the prospect of an allowing the nuclei to fuse together. Such conditions almost inexhaustible source of energy for future can occur when the temperature increases, causing the generations, but it also presents so far insurmountable ions to move faster and eventually reach speeds high engineering challenges. The fundamental challenge is to enough to bring the ions close enough together. The achieve a rate of heat emitted by a fusion plasma that nuclei can then fuse, causing a release of energy. exceeds the rate of energy injected into the plasma. The main hope is centered on tokamak reactors and II. FUSION TECHNOLOGY stellarators which confine deuterium-tritium plasma In the Sun, massive gravitational forces create the magnetically. right conditions for fusion, but on Earth they are much Keywords-Fusion Energy; Hydrogen Power; Nuclear Fusion harder to achieve. Fusion fuel – different isotopes of hydrogen – must be heated to extreme temperatures of I. INTRODUCTION the order of 50 million degrees Celsius, and must be Today, many countries take part in fusion research kept stable under intense pressure, hence dense enough to some extent, led by the European Union, the USA, and confined for long enough to allow the nuclei to Russia and Japan, with vigorous programs also fuse. The aim of the controlled fusion research underway in China, Brazil, Canada, and Korea.
    [Show full text]
  • Compact Fusion Reactors
    Compact fusion reactors Tomas Lind´en Helsinki Institute of Physics 26.03.2015 Fusion research is currently to a large extent focused on tokamak (ITER) and inertial confinement (NIF) research. In addition to these large international or national efforts there are private companies performing fusion research using much smaller devices than ITER or NIF. The attempt to achieve fusion energy production through relatively small and compact devices compared to tokamaks decreases the costs and building time of the reactors and this has allowed some private companies to enter the field, like EMC2, General Fusion, Helion Energy, Lockheed Martin and LPP Fusion. Some of these companies are trying to demonstrate net energy production within the next few years. If they are successful their next step is to attempt to commercialize their technology. In this presentation an overview of compact fusion reactor concepts is given. CERN Colloquium 26th of March 2015 Tomas Lind´en (HIP) Compact fusion reactors 26.03.2015 1 / 37 Contents Contents 1 Introduction 2 Funding of fusion research 3 Basics of fusion 4 The Polywell reactor 5 Lockheed Martin CFR 6 Dense plasma focus 7 MTF 8 Other fusion concepts or companies 9 Summary Tomas Lind´en (HIP) Compact fusion reactors 26.03.2015 2 / 37 Introduction Introduction Climate disruption ! ! Pollution ! ! ! Extinctions Ecosystem Transformation Population growth and consumption There is no silver bullet to solve these issues, but energy production is "#$%&'$($#!)*&+%&+,+!*&!! central to many of these issues. -.$&'.$&$&/!0,1.&$'23+! Economically practical fusion power 4$(%!",55*6'!"2+'%1+!$&! could contribute significantly to meet +' '7%!89 !)%&',62! the future increased energy :&(*61.'$*&!(*6!;*<$#2!-.=%6+! production demands in a sustainable way.
    [Show full text]
  • Signature Redacted %
    EXAMINATION OF THE UNITED STATES DOMESTIC FUSION PROGRAM ARCHW.$ By MASS ACHUSETTS INSTITUTE Lauren A. Merriman I OF IECHNOLOLGY MAY U6 2015 SUBMITTED TO THE DEPARTMENT OF NUCLEAR SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING I LIBR ARIES IN PARTIAL FULFILLMENT OF THE REQUIREMENTS FOR THE DEGREE OF BACHELOR OF SCIENCE IN NUCLEAR SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING AT THE MASSACHUSETTS INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY FEBRUARY 2015 Lauren A. Merriman. All Rights Reserved. - The author hereby grants to MIT permission to reproduce and to distribute publicly Paper and electronic copies of this thesis document in whole or in part. Signature of Author:_ Signature redacted %. Lauren A. Merriman Department of Nuclear Science and Engineering May 22, 2014 Signature redacted Certified by:. Dennis Whyte Professor of Nuclear Science and Engineering I'l f 'A Thesis Supervisor Signature redacted Accepted by: Richard K. Lester Professor and Head of the Department of Nuclear Science and Engineering 1 EXAMINATION OF THE UNITED STATES DOMESTIC FUSION PROGRAM By Lauren A. Merriman Submitted to the Department of Nuclear Science and Engineering on May 22, 2014 In Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of Bachelor of Science in Nuclear Science and Engineering ABSTRACT Fusion has been "forty years away", that is, forty years to implementation, ever since the idea of harnessing energy from a fusion reactor was conceived in the 1950s. In reality, however, it has yet to become a viable energy source. Fusion's promise and failure are both investigated by reviewing the history of the United States domestic fusion program and comparing technological forecasting by fusion scientists, fusion program budget plans, and fusion program budget history.
    [Show full text]
  • Accelerators for Heavy Ion Inertial Fusion: Progress and Plans*
    IAEA-F1-CN-60 ACCELERATORS FOR HEAVY ION INERTIAL FUSION: PROGRESS AND PLANS* R. 0. BANGERTER Lawrence Berkeley Laboratory Berkeley, California A. FRIEDMAN Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory Livermore, California W. B. HERRMANNSFELDT Stanford Linear Accelerator Center Stanford, California United States of America Abstract The Heavy Ion Inertia! Fusion Program is the principal part of the Inertial Fusion Energy Program in the Office of Fusion Energy of the U.S. Department of Energy. The emphasis of the Heavy Ion Program is the development of accelerators for fusion power production. Target physics research and some elements of fusion chamber development are supported in the much larger Inertial Confinement Fusion Program, a dual purpose (defense and energy) program in the Defense Programs part of the Department of Energy. The accelerator research program will establish feasibility through a sequence of scaled experiments that will demonstrate key physics and engineering issues at low cost compared to other fusion programs. This paper discusses progress in the accelerator program and outlines how the planned research will address the key economic issues of inertial fusion energy. 1. INTRODUCTION The realization of hopes that thermonuclear fusion will fulfill the energy requirements for a future when fossil fuels are no longer viable depends on finding solutions to two issues: (1) economically and environmentally attractive energy from mature power plants, and (2) an affordable research program leading to this goal. Arguably, the affordable research program is the more important issue at the present time. Section 2 describes a research program leading to a heavy-ion fusion power plant. Section 3 discusses the long- term cost of electricity and Section 4 describes current research.
    [Show full text]
  • The Fairy Tale of Nuclear Fusion L
    The Fairy Tale of Nuclear Fusion L. J. Reinders The Fairy Tale of Nuclear Fusion 123 L. J. Reinders Panningen, The Netherlands ISBN 978-3-030-64343-0 ISBN 978-3-030-64344-7 (eBook) https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-64344-7 © The Editor(s) (if applicable) and The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Switzerland AG 2021 This work is subject to copyright. All rights are solely and exclusively licensed by the Publisher, whether the whole or part of the material is concerned, specifically the rights of translation, reprinting, reuse of illustrations, recitation, broadcasting, reproduction on microfilms or in any other physical way, and transmission or information storage and retrieval, electronic adaptation, computer software, or by similar or dissimilar methodology now known or hereafter developed. The use of general descriptive names, registered names, trademarks, service marks, etc. in this publication does not imply, even in the absence of a specific statement, that such names are exempt from the relevant protective laws and regulations and therefore free for general use. The publisher, the authors and the editors are safe to assume that the advice and information in this book are believed to be true and accurate at the date of publication. Neither the publisher nor the authors or the editors give a warranty, expressed or implied, with respect to the material contained herein or for any errors or omissions that may have been made. The publisher remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations. This Springer imprint is published by the registered company Springer Nature Switzerland AG The registered company address is: Gewerbestrasse 11, 6330 Cham, Switzerland When you are studying any matter or considering any philosophy, ask yourself only what are the facts and what is the truth that the facts bear out.
    [Show full text]
  • Heavy Ion Fusion
    Briefing for the National Academy review of Inertial Fusion Energy Heavy Ion Fusion B. Grant Logan Director, U.S. Heavy Ion Fusion Science Virtual National Laboratory, a collaboration of LBNL, LLNL, and PPPL heavy ion research San Ramon, California January 29, 2011 *This work was performed under the auspices of the U.S. Department of Energy by the Lawrence Berkeley and Lawrence Livermore National Laboratories under Contract Numbers DE-AC02-05CH1123 and DE-AC52-07NA27344 , and by the Princeton Plasma Physics Laboratory under Contract Number DE-AC02-76CH03073. Heavy Ion Fusion Science Slide 1 Virtual National Laboratory Outline • Motivation and relevant prior work. • Scientific and engineering challenges. • Strategy of phased approach of R&D to ETF/Demo. • R&D elements proposed for first five years, and deliverables. • Roadmap-timeline and estimated resource needs per year. • Potential collaborations. • Conclusions. Heavy Ion Fusion Science Slide 2 Virtual National Laboratory Heavy ion fusion driver concept: heavy ion dE/dx~Z1-2 enables ~10 GeV to stop in targets. Induction acceleration with superconducting magnets enables high peak beam currents, 100’s of TW peak power. Induction acceleration is durable, efficient, and enables high pulse rates, like transformers! Heavy ion accelerators of multi-MJ fusion scale would be comparable in scale to today’s large NP accelerators like GSI-FAIR, RHIC economical for 1-2 GWe baseload power plants. Heavy Ion Fusion Science Slide 3 Virtual National Laboratory Heavy ion fusion is an IFE option because of long-recognized advantages: • Established accelerator base: High energy particle accelerators of MJ-beam energy scale have separately exhibited intrinsic efficiencies, pulse-rates, average power levels, and durability required for IFE.
    [Show full text]
  • Compact Fusion Reactors
    Compact fusion reactors Tomas Lind´en Helsinki Institute of Physics NST2016, Helsinki, 3rd of November 2016 Fusion research is currently to a large extent focused on tokamak (ITER) and inertial confinement (NIF) research. In addition to these large international or national efforts there are private companies performing fusion research using alternative concepts, that potentially could result on a faster time scale in smaller and cheaper devices than ITER or NIF. The attempt to achieve fusion energy production through relatively small and compact devices compared to standard tokamaks decreases the costs and building time of the reactors and this has allowed several private companies to enter the field, like EMC2, General Fusion, Helion Energy, LPP Fusion, Lockheed Martin, Tokamak Energy and Tri Alpha Energy. These companies are trying to demonstrate the feasibility of their concept. If that is succesfully done, their next step is to try to demonstrate net energy production and after that to attempt to commercialize their technology. In this presentation a very brief overview of compact fusion reactor research is given. Tomas Lind´en (HIP) Compact fusion reactors 03.11.2016 1 / 24 Contents Contents 1 Fusion conditions 2 Plasma confinement 3 The Polywell reactor 4 Lockheed Martin CFR 5 Dense plasma focus 6 MTF 7 Spherical tokamaks 8 Other fusion concepts 9 Summary Tomas Lind´en (HIP) Compact fusion reactors 03.11.2016 2 / 24 Fusion conditions Fusion conditions See Antti Hakolas presentation in this conference on mainline fusion. A useful fusion performance metric is the triple product NτT (1) that has to execeed some threshold value for the fusion reaction in question for the fusion power to exceed radiation and other losses and maintain a constant plasma temperature.
    [Show full text]
  • The Fusion Energy Program: the Role of TPX and Alternate Concepts
    The Fusion Energy Program: The Role of TPX and Alternate Concepts February 1995 OTA-BP-ETI-141 GPO stock #052-003-01403-3 Recommended Citation: U.S. Congress, Office of Technology Assessment, The Fusion Energy Program: The Role of TPX and Alternate Concepts, OTA-BP-ETI-141 (Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office, February 1995). ii oreword or over four decades the federal government has supported research to develop reactors that harness fusion energy for commercial electric power production. However, even the most op- timistic proponents of the U.S. Department of Energy’s fusion energy program note that many scientific, engineering, and economic challenges remain. Meeting these challenges suffi- ciently to construct a prototype commercial fusion powerplant is expected to require tens of billions of dollars in experimental facilities and research over the next several decades. This background paper, responding to a request by the House Committee on Science, focuses on the following two questions for the U.S. fusion energy program. First, what is the role of the Tokamak Physics Experiment (TPX), an approximately $700 million fusion reactor currently awaiting a con- gressional decision to begin construction? This paper examines the history of TPX planning; the an- ticipated scientific, engineering, and institutional contributions; and the relationship between the TPX and the next major planned tokamak facilities, the International Thermonuclear Experimental Reactor (ITER), currently in the design stage, and the DEMO facility planned for operation in about three decades, which would be the first fusion device to demonstrate production of electricity. Second, what is the role of alternatives to the tokamak concept in a broad-based fusion energy pro- gram? Over the past several years the program has been narrowed substantially to concentrate on the single most successful and furthest developed fusion energy concept, the tokamak.
    [Show full text]
  • ICF Q/95/Annual
    This document was prepared as an account of work sponsored by an agency of the United States Government. Neither the United States Government nor the University of California nor any of their employ- ees makes any warranty, express or implied, or assumes any legal liability or responsibility for the accuracy, completeness, or usefulness of any information, apparatus, product, or process disclosed, or repre- sents that its use would not infringe privately owned rights. Reference herein to any specific commercial products, process, or service by trade name, trademark, manufacturer, or otherwise, does not necessarily constitute or imply its endorsement, recommendation, or favoring by the United States Government or the University of California. The views and opinions of authors expressed herein do not necessarily state or reflect those of the United States Government or the University of California and shall not be used for advertising or product endorse- ment purposes. This report has been reproduced directly from the best available copy. Available to DOE and DOE contractors from the Office of Scientific and Technical Information P.O. Box 62, Oak Ridge, TN, 37831 Prices available from (615) 576-8401, FTS 626-8401 Available from the National Technical Information Service U.S. Department of Commerce 5285 Port Royal Road Springfield, Virginia 22161 Work performed under the auspices of the U.S. Department of Energy by Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory under Contract W–7405–Eng–48. INERTIAL CONFINEMENT FUSION 1995 ICF Annual Report UCRL-LR-105820-95 Distribution Category UC-712 October 1994–September 1995 Printed in the United States of America MS Date Available from June 1996 National Technical Information Service U.S.
    [Show full text]
  • PLASMA PHYSICS and CONTROLLED NUCLEAR FUSION RESEARCH 1994 VOLUME 4 the Following States Are Members of the International Atomic Energy Agency
    Plasma Physics m and Controlled Nuclear Fusion Research 1994 FIFTEENTH CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS, SEVILLE, SPAIN, 26 SEPTEMBER-1 OCTOBER 1994 Vol.4 Conference Summaries N^ ^ • • :v> *\ The cover picture shows an interior view of the Tokamak Fusion Test Reactor vacuum vessel. At the left, on the inner wall of the vessel, is the bumper limiter composed of graphite and graphite composite tiles. Ion cyclotron radiofrequency launchers are seen at the right along the mid-section of the vacuum vessel wall. By courtesy of the Princeton University Plasma Physics Laboratory. PLASMA PHYSICS AND CONTROLLED NUCLEAR FUSION RESEARCH 1994 VOLUME 4 The following States are Members of the International Atomic Energy Agency: AFGHANISTAN ICELAND PERU ALBANIA INDIA PHILIPPINES ALGERIA INDONESIA POLAND ARGENTINA IRAN, PORTUGAL AUSTRALIA ISLAMIC REPUBLIC OF QATAR ARMENIA IRAQ ROMANIA AUSTRIA IRELAND RUSSIAN FEDERATION BANGLADESH ISRAEL SAUDI ARABIA BELARUS ITALY SENEGAL BELGIUM JAMAICA SIERRA LEONE BOLIVIA JAPAN SINGAPORE BRAZIL JORDAN SLOVAKIA BULGARIA KAZAKHSTAN SLOVENIA CAMBODIA KENYA SOUTH AFRICA CAMEROON KOREA, REPUBLIC OF SPAIN CANADA KUWAIT SRI LANKA CHILE LEBANON SUDAN CHINA LIBERIA SWEDEN COLOMBIA LIBYAN ARAB JAMAHIRIYA SWITZERLAND COSTA RICA LIECHTENSTEIN SYRIAN ARAB REPUBLIC COTE DTVOIRE LITHUANIA, REPUBLIC OF THAILAND CROATIA LUXEMBOURG THE FORMER YUGOSLAV CUBA MADAGASCAR REPUBLIC OF MACEDONIA CYPRUS MALAYSIA TUNISIA CZECH REPUBLIC MALI TURKEY DENMARK MARSHALL ISLANDS UGANDA DOMINICAN REPUBLIC MAURITIUS UKRAINE ECUADOR MEXICO UNITED ARAB EMIRATES EGYPT
    [Show full text]