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Heavy Ion Particle Beam Interaction with a Hot Ionized Target R HEAVY ION PARTICLE BEAM INTERACTION WITH A HOT IONIZED TARGET R. Dei-Cas, J. Bardy, M. Beuve, J. Laget, A. Menier, M. Renaud To cite this version: R. Dei-Cas, J. Bardy, M. Beuve, J. Laget, A. Menier, et al.. HEAVY ION PARTICLE BEAM INTERACTION WITH A HOT IONIZED TARGET. Journal de Physique Colloques, 1983, 44 (C8), pp.C8-179-C8-199. 10.1051/jphyscol:1983813. jpa-00223321 HAL Id: jpa-00223321 https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/jpa-00223321 Submitted on 1 Jan 1983 HAL is a multi-disciplinary open access L’archive ouverte pluridisciplinaire HAL, est archive for the deposit and dissemination of sci- destinée au dépôt et à la diffusion de documents entific research documents, whether they are pub- scientifiques de niveau recherche, publiés ou non, lished or not. The documents may come from émanant des établissements d’enseignement et de teaching and research institutions in France or recherche français ou étrangers, des laboratoires abroad, or from public or private research centers. publics ou privés. JOURNAL DE PHYSIQUE Colloque C8, suppl6ment au null,Tome 44, novernbre 1983 page C8-179 HEAVY ION PARTICLE BEAM INTERACTION WITH A HOT IONIZED TARGET R. Dei-Cas, J. Bardy, M.A. Beuve, J.P. Laget, A. Menier and M. Renaud Service de Physique Neutronique et Nucze'aire, B.P. no 561, 92542 Montrouge Cedex, France RE SUME On ddcrit dans cet article le dispositif expgrimental en cours de rdalisation destind 1 l'dtude des Gcanismes d'interaction d'un faisceau d'ions lourds traversant un plasma crdd par laser. On analyse en particulier certains aspects tels que le couplage du laser et du tandem, les performances ndcessaires du faisceau et les contraintes 5 satisfaire sur les parametres du plasma et les diagnostics 1 utiliser. The present status of the experimental facility consisting of a heavy ion beam travelling through a laser created plasma target is described. Some aspects such as laser-tandem coupling, beam performances, constraints on the plasma parameter ranges, plasma and beam diagnostics are analysed. Atomic Physics is intimately involved in the physics of inertial and magnetic confinement fusion particularly whenhighly stripped heavy ions are concerned. Recently heavy ion beams have been considered as promising drivers for inertial fusion [l] and multi megajoule heavy ion beams may also play a role for additional heating in large tokamaks [2,31. There are many areas where heavy ions atomic processes are important in magnetically confined plasmas,namely [4] : - radiation losses through line radiation and charge exchange [51, - plasma heating and diagnostic, - impurity concentration effect on ignition parameters and impurity extraction L61 and so on. In inertially confined plasmas, the knowledge of highlystripped ion atomic processes is even more important since : - equations of state, opacities and heat capacity of the pellet material depend directly on the effective charge of the ions, Article published online by EDP Sciences and available at http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/jphyscol:1983813 JOURNAL DE PHYSIQUE - on the other hand slowing down processes (ranges, energy deposition profiles, coulomb scattering) are very sensitive to the ionization states of heavy ion particles and these processes are of prime importance not only in the heavy ion fusion concept but also in some other fields like slowing down of fission products in nuclear induced plasmas and nuclear pumped lasers or slowing down of runaway ions produced for example in laser created plasmas. In this paper we want to specify the main goals of our experiment, then to analyse the needed beam and plasma performances and finaly to describe some experimental aspects and the diagnostic methods we intend to use to charac- terize the plasma. I1 - MAIN AIMS OF THE EXPERIMENT The beam probe technic is a powerful method which was applied in different field and Figure 1 gives the principle of our experiment. A CO2 TEA laser focused on a target will create a plasma characterized by different condi- tions depending on the target material and laser parameters. The three density regions (0,1,2) 171 are characterized by different values of the ion coupling PP 2 parameter r = 2 ; Ro being the ion sphere radius and Z the plasma ioni- P zation state. Ro KT FIG.1 - Principle of the heavy ion beam interaction with a laser created plasma. The different regions .(0,1,2) depend on the ion coupling parameter (R.M. MORE [71) A bunched beam probe delivered by a 7 MV tandem accelerator will tra- vel through the plasma ; in a first phase we want to explore the corona region where the characteristic length(E)-' is of the order of a few m and where induced electric and magnetic fields are negligible. By measuring the beam charge distribution, the energy loss and the beam divergence (which will be enlarged by Coulomb scattering) one should be able to obtain experimental data in the following three areas : - stripping and charge transfer processes in an ionized target, - energy losses and charge evolution during the particle slowing down - and ionization model'of the plasma itself since the beam output parameters will contain informations on the plasma ionization states. II-I-stripping ana+@rge transfer Proeepe? Many experimental data exist on the charge state equilibrium distri- bution in the case of a heavy ion beam travelling through a solid or a gaseous target. A semi-emperical formula gives the charge state of the projectile as a function of his atomic charge and of his particle velocity 8 : Lb 0,69 - = 1 - 1,034 exp (- 137 8/Zat ) 'at For an ionized target MEHLHORM [8] takes the relative velocity between plasma electrons and projectile ions to calculate the 8 value; in fact, it is more difficult for the projectile to capture a free electron than a bound elec- tron and the equilibrium charge state of the projectile in a partly or a fully ionized target may differ significantly from the formula (I). Figures 2 a,b (taken from [g]) give for example the projectile effective charge calculated with different hypothesis. In our experiment, one should be able to put some experimental data on these calculated curves. 2 As the energy loss has a Zb dependance, the ranges and the beam energy deposition profiles will have a completely different behaviour depending on the Z variation during the slowing down process and it is well known that a precise b knowledge of these parameters is very important to optimize a complete scenarioof pellet implosions in the heavy ion fusion concept [IO]. II-2-H_eavy-io_n_-s:o_wing-Co_wnWnin-an_-io_n_izeG-t_a-~get_ To delineate the ranges of experimental interest we have studied the slowing down of heavy ions in an ionized target by adapting a Monte Carlo code 11 11 used extensively in fast neutral heated tokamak plasmas [ 121 JOURNAIL DE PHYSIQUE In this simplified model [13], the energy loss is given by where cc is the loss on ions, B on free electrons and y on bound electrons. 1 I l l I I I l 1 (0) fully lonlzed torgel (b) 2 bound electrons In forget - - AI beam, C target I I 1 l I I I l l 10 20 30 40 50 E (MeV) I 1 I I l 1 (a)fully ionized torget - 6- - - (b) Betz %4-/ - N - 2- - - - C beam, LI target 0 1 I I 1 I I 1 0 4 8 12 FIG.2 - Charge state evolution of an A.[ and C beam during the slowing down in C and Li targets for different hypothesis (see ref.191). We have assumed that the excitation energy is simply given by 12 I0 Zt; Z n Te are assumed to be known and are introduced with their pro- P' P' file as entry parameters. 2 v -5' b F(c) = erf(~) - - 5 e with C=- 6 v the The Coulomb scattering time is derived from 1141 and where The suffix b indicates the beam and p the plasma. We have checked that we can restore many of the published data (expe- rimental or calculated) within a 10 % error bar with this simplified model PEP [ 131. As an example, Figure 3 compares our results to the LANL [ 151 values. Figure 4 shows the different regions of interest in magnetically confined plasma (MF region) and in the inertial fusion case (IF region). Many experimental data have been collected in the MF case in connection with the fast neutral heating methods and the conclusions of these studies were that slowing down processes and pitch angle scattering were found to be classical. In the IF case there is no direct measurement and many other mechanisms have to betaken into account 1161 to describe the physics of the slowing down in a hot and dense plasma. In our experiment we will explore an intermediate region (HI-CO~ region) where there isno more direct measurement at our knowledge. Depending on target material, the plasma will be described by different ionization models (corona, LTE or mixed model). In laser plasmas, the study of a particles or runaway particles created in the implosion process itself and slowed down by fhe PR line density of external shells needs avery good knowledge of the source term and of the induced electric and magnetic field distributions to restore the physics of the slowing down process in a hot and dense plasma. JOURNAL DE PHYSIQUE FIG.3- - Range of a Xe beam versus energy in two cases : a cold target and an ionized target (Te = 200 ev). LANL values see ref. [15]. FIG.4 - Regions of interest in MF (magnetic confinement), IF (inertial confinement) and HI CO (our proposal : heavy ion interaction - 2 with a CO2 laser created plasma).
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