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PLASMA PHYSICS and CONTROLLED NUCLEAR FUSION RESEARCH 1994 VOLUME 4 the Following States Are Members of the International Atomic Energy Agency

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PLASMA PHYSICS and CONTROLLED NUCLEAR FUSION RESEARCH 1994 VOLUME 4 the Following States Are Members of the International Atomic Energy Agency Plasma Physics m and Controlled Nuclear Fusion Research 1994 FIFTEENTH CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS, SEVILLE, SPAIN, 26 SEPTEMBER-1 OCTOBER 1994 Vol.4 Conference Summaries N^ ^ • • :v> *\ The cover picture shows an interior view of the Tokamak Fusion Test Reactor vacuum vessel. At the left, on the inner wall of the vessel, is the bumper limiter composed of graphite and graphite composite tiles. Ion cyclotron radiofrequency launchers are seen at the right along the mid-section of the vacuum vessel wall. By courtesy of the Princeton University Plasma Physics Laboratory. PLASMA PHYSICS AND CONTROLLED NUCLEAR FUSION RESEARCH 1994 VOLUME 4 The following States are Members of the International Atomic Energy Agency: AFGHANISTAN ICELAND PERU ALBANIA INDIA PHILIPPINES ALGERIA INDONESIA POLAND ARGENTINA IRAN, PORTUGAL AUSTRALIA ISLAMIC REPUBLIC OF QATAR ARMENIA IRAQ ROMANIA AUSTRIA IRELAND RUSSIAN FEDERATION BANGLADESH ISRAEL SAUDI ARABIA BELARUS ITALY SENEGAL BELGIUM JAMAICA SIERRA LEONE BOLIVIA JAPAN SINGAPORE BRAZIL JORDAN SLOVAKIA BULGARIA KAZAKHSTAN SLOVENIA CAMBODIA KENYA SOUTH AFRICA CAMEROON KOREA, REPUBLIC OF SPAIN CANADA KUWAIT SRI LANKA CHILE LEBANON SUDAN CHINA LIBERIA SWEDEN COLOMBIA LIBYAN ARAB JAMAHIRIYA SWITZERLAND COSTA RICA LIECHTENSTEIN SYRIAN ARAB REPUBLIC COTE DTVOIRE LITHUANIA, REPUBLIC OF THAILAND CROATIA LUXEMBOURG THE FORMER YUGOSLAV CUBA MADAGASCAR REPUBLIC OF MACEDONIA CYPRUS MALAYSIA TUNISIA CZECH REPUBLIC MALI TURKEY DENMARK MARSHALL ISLANDS UGANDA DOMINICAN REPUBLIC MAURITIUS UKRAINE ECUADOR MEXICO UNITED ARAB EMIRATES EGYPT MONACO UNITED KINGDOM OF GREAT EL SALVADOR MONGOLIA BRITAIN AND NORTHERN ESTONIA MOROCCO IRELAND ETHIOPIA MYANMAR UNITED REPUBLIC OF TANZANIA FINLAND NAMIBIA UNITED STATES OF AMERICA FRANCE NETHERLANDS URUGUAY GABON NEW ZEALAND UZBEKISTAN GERMANY NICARAGUA VENEZUELA GHANA NIGER VIET NAM GREECE NIGERIA YEMEN GUATEMALA NORWAY YUGOSLAVIA HAITI PAKISTAN ZAIRE HOLY SEE PANAMA ZAMBIA HUNGARY PARAGUAY ZIMBABWE The Agency's Statute was approved on 23 October 1956 by the Conference on the Statute of the IAEA held at United Nations Headquarters, New York; it entered into force on 29 July 1957. The Headquarters of the Agency are situated in Vienna. Its principal objective is "to accelerate and enlarge the contribution of atomic energy to peace, health and prosperity throughout the world". © IAEA, 1995 Permission to reproduce or translate the information contained in this publication may be obtained by writing to the International Atomic Energy Agency, Wagramerstrasse 5, P.O. Box 100, A-1400 Vienna, Austria. Printed by the IAEA in Austria June 1995 STI/PUB/948 PROCEEDINGS SERIES PLASMA PHYSICS AND CONTROLLED NUCLEAR FUSION RESEARCH 1994 PROCEEDINGS OF THE FIFTEENTH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON PLASMA PHYSICS AND CONTROLLED NUCLEAR FUSION RESEARCH HELD BY THE INTERNATIONAL ATOMIC ENERGY AGENCY IN SEVILLE, 26 SEPTEMBER-1 OCTOBER 1994 In four volumes VOLUME 4 CONFERENCE SUMMARIES INTERNATIONAL ATOMIC ENERGY AGENCY VIENNA, 1995 VIC Library Cataloguing in Publication Data International Conference on Plasma Physics and Controlled Nuclear Fusion Research (15th : 1994 : Seville, Spain) Plasma physics and controlled nuclear fusion research : proceedings of the fifteenth International Conference on Plasma Physics and Controlled Nuclear Fusion Research held by the International Atomic Energy Agency in Seville, 26 September-1 October 1994. In 4 vols. — Vienna : The Agency, 1995. 4 v. ; 24 cm. — (Proceedings series, ISSN 0074-1884) Contents: v.4. Conference summaries. STI/PUB/948 ISBN 92-0-101895-9 Includes bibliographical references. 1. Controlled fusion. 2. Nuclear fusion. 3. Plasma confinement. I. International Atomic Energy Agency. II. Title. III. Series: Proceed­ ings series (International Atomic Energy Agency). VICL 95-00122 FOREWORD The 1994 International Atomic Energy Agency Conference on Plasma Physics and Controlled Nuclear Fusion Research was characterized by a multitude of excellent scientific results on virtually all aspects of controlled fusion and fusion tech­ nology. Taken together, these results lay a solid foundation for continued progress and future steps. The conference was the 15th in a series of meetings which began in 1961 and which, since 1974, have been held on a biennial basis. The conference was organized by the IAEA in co-operation with the Centro de Investigaciones Energeticas, Medioambientales y Tecnologicas, Asociacidn Euratom-CIEMAT para Fusion, Madrid, Spain, to which the IAEA wishes to express its gratitude. The conference was attended by some five hundred participants from over thirty countries and from two international organizations. In the technical sessions, which included seven poster sessions, more than 240 papers were presented. Contributions were made on magnetic and inertial con­ finement systems, fusion technology, magnetic confinement theory and modelling, alternative confinement approaches and next step concepts (ITER, TPX, etc.). The traditional Artsimovich Memorial Lecture was given at the beginning of the conference. These proceedings include all the technical papers and five conference sum­ maries. For the second time, the summaries are being published as a separate volume before the rest of the proceedings. The IAEA contributes to international collaboration and exchange of informa­ tion in the field of plasma physics and controlled nuclear fusion research by organizing these biennial conferences as well as co-ordinated research projects, technical committee meetings, workshops, consultants meetings and advisory group meetings on relevant topics. Through these activities, the IAEA hopes to contribute significantly to the attainment of controlled fusion power as one of the world's most important future energy resources. EDITORIAL NOTE The Proceedings have been edited by the editorial staff of the IAEA to the extent considered necessary for the reader's assistance. The views expressed remain, however, the responsibility of the named authors or participants. In addition, the views are not necessarily those of the governments of the nominating Member States or of the nominating organizations. Although great care has been taken to maintain the accuracy of information contained in this pub­ lication, neither the IAEA nor its Member States assume any responsibility for consequences which may arise from its use. The use of particular designations of countries or territories does not imply any judgement by the publisher, the IAEA, as to the legal status of such countries or territories, of their authorities and institu­ tions or of the delimitation of their boundaries. The mention of names of specific companies or products (whether or not indicated as registered) does not imply any intention to infringe proprietary rights, nor should it be construed as an endorsement or recommendation on the part of the IAEA. The authors are responsible for having obtained the necessary permission for the IAEA to reproduce, translate or use material from sources already protected by copyrights. Material prepared by authors who are in contractual relation with governments is copyrighted by the IAEA, as publisher, only to the extent permitted by the appropriate national regulations. CONTENTS OF VOLUME 4 Summary on magnetic confinement experiments — I: Tokamaks (IAEA-CN-60/H-1) 1 R.J. Goldston Summary on magnetic confinement experiments — II: Non-tokamak systems (IAEA-CN-60/H-2) 17 L.M. Kovrizhnykh Summary on magnetic confinement theory (IAEA-CN-60/H-3) 29 P.K. Kaw Summary on inertial confinement fusion (IAEA-CN-60/H-4) 41 J. Meyer-ter-Vehn Summary on new devices, reactors and technology (including ITER) (IAEA-CN-60/H-5) 53 Y. Seki Secretariat of the Conference 65 IAEA-CN-60/H-1 SUMMARY ON MAGNETIC CONFINEMENT EXPERIMENTS — I: TOKAMAKS RJ. GOLDSTON Plasma Physics Laboratory, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey, United States of America 1. INTRODUCTION Reports were presented at this conference of important advances in all the key areas of experimental tokamak physics: core plasma physics, divertor and edge physics, heating and current drive, and tokamak concept optimization. In the area of core plasma physics, the biggest news was certainly the production of 9.2 MW of fusion power in TFTR and the observation of unexpectedly favourable performance in DT plasmas. There were also very important advances in the performance of ELM free H (and VH) mode plasmas and in quasi-steady-state ELMy operation in JT-60U, JET and DIII-D. In all three devices ELM free H modes achieved nTr values about 2.5 times greater than ELMing H modes, but had not been sustained in quasi-steady state. Important progress has been made in the understanding of the physical mechanism of the H mode in DIII-D and in the operating range in density for the H mode in Compass and other devices. In the area of divertor and edge physics, the major new advance is that pumped divertors are now nearly routine tools of the trade, used for helium pumping, density control and impurity control. Experiments on DIII-D demonstrated clear control of density, as well as helium pumping quite adequate for a reactor. The ASDEX- Upgrade team reported results in which feedback control of both deuterium and neon puffing allowed operation in a so-called completely detached H mode. In this mode even energy dumps from ELMs did not burn through to the divertor plate. The first results from vertical plate divertors in Alcator C-Mod and JET are very promising. The C-Mod team has also shown successful ICRH in an all-molybdenum machine. In the area
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