ANL-79-41 ANL-79-41 PROCEEDINGS OF THE HEAVY ION FUSION WORKSHOP HELD AT ARGONNE NATIONAL LABORATORY SEPTEMBER 19-26, 1978 Ua(CtUA-USOO£ ARGONNE NATIONAL LABORATORY, ARGONNE, ILLINOIS Prepared for the U. S. DEPARTMENT OF ENERGY j_ under Contract W-31-109-Eng-38 -^ The facilities of Argonne National Labiiratory are owned by the United States Govern­ ment. Under the terms of a contract (W-31-109-Eng-38) among the U. S. Department of Energy, Argonne Universities Association and The University of Chicago, the University employs the staff and operates the Laboratory in accordance with policies and programs formulated, ap­ proved and reviewed by the Association. MEMBERS OF ARGONNE UNIVERSITIES ASSOCIATION The University of Arizona The University of Kansas The Ohio State University Carnegie-Mellon University Kansas State University Ohio University Case Western Reserve University Loyola University of Chicago The Pennsylvania State University The University of Chicago Marquette University Purdue University University of Cincinnati The University of Michigan Saint Louis University Illinois Institute of Technology Michigan State University Southern Illinois University University of Illinois University of Minnesota The University of Texas at Austin Indiana University University of Missouri Washington University The University of Iowa Northwestern University Wayne State University Iowa State University University of Notre Dame The University of Wisconsin-Madison •NOTICE- This report was prepared as an accotint of work sponsored by the United States Government. Neither the United States nor the United States Department of Energy, nor any of their employees, nor any of their contractors, subcontractors, or their employees, makes any warranty, express or implied, or assumes any legal liability or responsibility for the ac­ curacy, completeness or usefulness of any infornnation, ap­ paratus, product or process disclosed, or represents that its use would not infringe privately-owned rights. Mention of commercial products, their manufacturers, or their suppli­ ers in this publication does not imply or connote approval or disapproval of the product by Argonne National Laboratory or the U. S. Department of Energy. Printed in the United States of America Available from National Technical Infornnation Service U. S. Department of Commerce 5285 Port Royal Road Springfield, Virginia 22161 Price: Printed Copy $14.00; Microfiche $3.00 Distribution Category: Inertial Confinement Fusion (UC-21) ANL-79-41 Argonne National Laboratory 9700 South Cass Avenue Argonne, Illinois 60439 Proceedings of the Heavy Ion Fusion Workshop Held at Argonne National Laboratory September 19-26, 1978 Sponsored by the U.S. Department of Energy Office of Laser Fusion and Division of High Energy and Nuclear Physics Proceedings Editor R. C. Arnold Workshop Organizing Committee R, L. Martin {ANL, Chairman), R. Bangerter (LLL), T. Godlove (DOE), W. Herrmannsfeldt (SLAC), D. Keefe (LBL), J. Leiss (NBS), A. Maschke (BNL), L. Teng (FNAL), and D, Tidman (U. Md.) PREFACE This workshop was the third in a series of annual workshop meetings on Inertial Fusion Driven by Beams of Heavy Ions at GeV Energies. It was held September 19 through 26, 1978, at Argonne National Laboratory. There were 158 participants, representing U.S. national Laboratories, other government laboratories, universities, and industries; European and Japanese representa­ tives also attended. The workshop had three primary goals: 1. Critical examination of reference designs for prototype one-mega- joule reactor drivers (previously distributed by ANL, BNL, and LBL), includ­ ing the suitability of heavy-ion demonstration experiments based on these designs, and possible upgrading to a few megajoules. 2. Exchange of information on the progress of heavy ion fusion programs at the participating institutions. 3. Communication of information on heavy ion fusion in order to enhance industry and university support for the civilian heavy ion fusion program, as suggested by a recent U.S. DOE Fusion Review. At the workshop, four different conceptual driver designs were presented. To accomplish the first goal of the workshop, technical review of these de­ signs was carried out by parallel workshop sessions, examining the areas of ion sources, low-velocity linacs, beam manipulations, beam transport and focussing, plasma effects in the reactor chamber, ionic collision cross sec­ tions, and cost estimation. The second workshop goal, information exchange, was accomplished through presentations on the first day from each of the principal laboratories cur­ rently funded by DOE (ANL, BNL, LBL, and LLL) for work in heavy ion fusion, and by invited talks and informal discussions in the workshops. On Monday, September 25, tutorial sessions were held on all aspects of heavy ion fusion, primarily for industrial and university observers, in pur­ suit of the third goal. These tutorial sessions were videotaped for wider distribution, and are now available on loan from Argonne. In addition to the working review sessions, plenary invited talks were held on the mornings of September 20-22 covering topics of interest to the participants. Some of the texts for those talks were provided by the authors for reproduction here. The conclusions of the technical review were assembled by a committee of four (L. Teng, Chairman; D. Sutter; D. Judd; and F. Mills). Their report, included in these Proceedings, provides a technical overview of the current status of heavy-ion reactor driver design. TABLE OF CONTENTS PREFACE i I. OVERVIEW vii II. REVIEWS OF CURRENT LABORATORY PROGRAMS ARGONNE NATIONAL LABORATORY 1 LAWRENCE BERKELEY LABORATORY 31 LAWRENCE LIVERMORE LABORATORY 57 III. INVITED TALKS A PLAN FOR THE DEVELOPMENT AND COMMERCIALIZATION OF INERTIAL CONFINEMENT FUSION T. Willke 61 FOCUSING EXPERIMENTS WITH LIGHT ION DIODES D. J. Johnson 89 HIGH CURRENT LINEAR ION ACCELERATORS FOR INERTIAL FUSION S. Humphries, Jr. 93 DIAGNOSTICS FOR PELLET EXPERIMENTS R. R. Johnson 101 SCALING LAWS FOR INERTIAL CONFINEMENT FUSION K. A. Brueckner 111 IV. REPORTS OF THE WORKSHOPS ATOMIC AND MOLECULAR PHYSICS J, Macek, Chairman 117 COST ANALYSIS AND SYSTEM DESIGN E, K. Freytag, Chairman 121 ION SOURCES D. J. Clark and R. L, Seliger, Chairmen 127 LOW BETA LINACS J, Keane, Chairman 131 BEAM MANIPULATIONS AND BUNCHING T. Khoe, Chairman 139 HIGH CURRENT TRANSPORT AND FINAL FOCUS LENSES A, Garren. Chairman 141 PLASMA EFFECTS W. Thompson, Chairman 147 111 V. REPORT OF THE REFERENCE DESIGN COMMITTEE 1. Teng, Chairman 15^ VI. CONTRIBUTED PAPERS A. ATOMIC AND MOLECULAR CROSS SECTIONS CHARGE CHANGING CROSS SECTIONS FOR Cs"*" + Cs"^ COLLISIONS R. E. Olson 171 ATOMIC CROSS SECTIONS FOR FAST Xe^"*" AND u'^"'' IONS COLLIDING WITH ATOMS AND MOLECULES G. Gillespie, K-T. Cheng, and Y-K. Kim 1'^^ PRELIMINARY ESTIMATE OF HEAVY ION ELECTRON-TRANSFER CROSS SECTIONS S. Sramek, G. Gallup, and J. Macek 183 CHARGE EXCHANGE CROSS SECTIONS FOR THE REACTION Xe+8 + Xe+8 ^ Xe+9 + Xe+7 J. Macek ^^^ LOW-LYING STATES OF (Cs2) G. Das, R. C. Raffenetti, and Y-K. Kim 19^ CHARGE EXCHANGE BETWEEN SINGLY IONIZED HELIUM IONS B. H. Choi, R. T. Poe, and K. T. Tang 201 COST ANALYSIS AND SYSTEMS DESIGN PRELIMINARY SYSTEMS EVALUATION OF HEAVY ION BEAM FUSION DRIVERS 209 T. Kammash and C. R. Drumm ELEMENTS TO BE CONSIDERED IN PLANNING A HEAVY ION FUSION PROGRAM - A SUMMARY 219 I. Bohachevsky ELECTRIC POWER FROM INERTIAL CONFINEMENT FUSION: THE HYLIFE CONCEPT M. Monsler, J. Blink, J. Hovingh, W. Meier, and 225 P. Walker PHASE-SPACE CONSTRAINTS ON SOME HEAVY-ION INERTIAL- FUSION IGNITERS AND EXAMPLE DESIGNS OF 1 MJ RF LINAC SYSTEMS 237 D. Judd HEAVY ION FUSION DEVELOPMENT PLAN A. W. Maschke 249 REMARKS ON HIF DEVELOPMENT AND WEAPONS PROLIFERATION ISSUES R. C. Arnold 255 ION SOURCES NEUTRALIZATION OF POSITIVE PARTICLE BEAMS BY ELECTRON TRAPPING R. M. Mobley, A. A, Irani, J, L. LeMaire, and A. W. Maschke 257 IV NOTE ON XENON TESTS WITH LBL MATS SOURCE R. Mobley 265 A CHARGE SEPARATING SPECTROMETER FOR ANNULAR ION BEAMS W. B. Herrmannsfeldt 267 D. LOW BETA LINACS A MULTI-AMPERE HEAVY ION INJECTOR FOR LINEAR INDUCTION ACCELERATORS USING PERIODIC ELECTROSTATIC FOCUSING W. B. Herrmannsfeldt 273 FACTORS CAUSING LARGE TRANSVERSE EMITTANCE INCREASE IN LINACS USING A HIGH-BRIGHTNESS ION SOURCE J. Staples 287 GABOR LENS THEORY A. A. Irani 291 GABOR LENSES—EXPERIMENTAL RESULTS AT BROOKHAVEN R. M. Mobley 299 E. BEAM MANIPULATIONS AND BUNCHING INSERTION OF SKEW QUADRUPOLES TO EXCHANGE X-X' AND Y-Y' PHASE SPACES D. Neuffer 309 COMBINING BEAMS IN TRANSVERSE SPACE IN A LINEAR SYSTEM M. Foss 313 F. HIGH CURRENT TRANSPORT AND FINAL FOCUS LENSES HIGH CURRENT TRANSPORT OF NON K-V DISTRIBUTIONS I. Haber 317 COMPARISON OF INSTABILITY THEORY WITH SIMULATION RESULTS L. J. Laslett, L. Smith, and I. Haber 321 THE ARGONNE NATIONAL LABORATORY HEAVY ION BEAM TRANSPORT EXPERIMENTS WITH A 2 mA 80 keV Xe+l SOURCE M. Mazarakis, D. Price, and J. Watson 325 GEOMETRIC ABERRATIONS IN FINAL FOCUSSING FOR HEAVY ION FUSION D. Neuffer 333 QUADRUPOLE SYSTEMS FOR FOCUSSING ION BEAMS WITH LARGE MOMENTUM SPREAD J, Steinhoff 345 OCTUPOLE CORRECTION OF THIRD ORDER ABERRATION S. Fenster 355 CORRECTION OF CHROMATIC AND GEOMETRIC ABERRATIONS USING SEXTUPOLES AND OCTUPOLES E. Colton 365 G. PLASMA EFFECTS FILAMENTATION AND TWO-STREAM INSTABILITIES IN HEAVY ION FUSION TARGET CHAMBERS R. F. Hubbard, D. S. Spicer, and D. A. Tidman 379 DISRUPTION OF GEOMETRIC FOCUS BY SELF-MAGNETIC FIELDS D. Mosher and S. Goldstein 387 FILAMENTATION DURING FINAL TRANSPORT IN A HIGH PRESSURE GAS E. P. Lee 393 BEAM PROPAGATION THROUGH A GASEOUS REACTOR—CLASSICAL TRANSPORT S. S. Yu, H. L. Buchanan, E. P. Lee, and F. W. Chambers "^03 THE BEAM-TARGET INTERACTION IN HEAVY ION FUSION R. 0. Bangerter ^15 VII. PROGRAM ^21 VIII. LIST OF PARTICIPANTS ^23 VI I. OVERVIEW OVERVIEW The four conceptual accelerator designs presented to the workshop partic­ ipants were: a 10 MJ, 200 TW linac-accumulator system with U^^ (BNL); a 1 MJ, 160 TW linac-accumulator system with Hg"'"^ (ANL); a 1 MJ, 160 TW synchrotron- accumulator system with Xe"'"^ (ANL); and a 1 MJ, 160 TW induction linac system with U+4 (LBL).